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Han JF, Feng L, Jiang WD, Wu P, Liu Y, Tang L, Li SW, Zhong CB, Zhou XQ. Exploring the dietary strategies of phenylalanine: Improving muscle nutraceutical quality as well as muscle glycogen and protein deposition in adult grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella). Food Chem X 2024; 22:101421. [PMID: 38756468 PMCID: PMC11096706 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Muscle is the main edible part of bony fish. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of phenylalanine (Phe) on muscle quality, amino acid composition, fatty acid composition, glucose metabolism, and protein deposition in adult grass carp. The diets at 2.30, 4.63, 7.51, 10.97, 13.53, and 17.07 g/kg Phe levels were fed for 9 weeks. The results manifested that Phe (10.97-13.53 g/kg) increased the pH of the fillets and decreased muscle cooking loss and lactic acid content; Phe (7.51-17.07 g/kg) improved the composition of the fillets in terms of flavor (free) amino acids, bound amino acids (especially EAA), and fatty acids (especially EPA and DHA); Phe (7.51-13.53 g/kg) increased muscle glycogen content (possibly related to the AMPK signaling pathway) and muscle protein deposition (possibly related to IGF-1/4EBP1/TOR and AKT/FOXOs signaling pathways). In conclusion, a diet with appropriate Phe levels could improve fillet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Feng Han
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Shu-Wei Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng-Bo Zhong
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China
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Yang H, Yuan Q, Rahman MM, Lv W, Huang W, Hu W, Zhou W. Biochemical, Histological, and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Underlying Differences in Flesh Quality between Wild and Farmed Ricefield Eel ( Monopterus albus). Foods 2024; 13:1751. [PMID: 38890979 PMCID: PMC11171622 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to systematically investigate the underlying differences in flesh quality between wild and farmed Monopterus albus. Fifteen healthy M. albus per group with an average body weight of 45 g were sampled to analyze muscle parameters by biochemical indicators, histomorphology, and molecular biology. Compared with the wild fish, the farmed M. albus in flesh had lower crude protein, collagen, lysine, histidine, total amino acids, SFA, n-3 PUFA contents, and n-3/n-6 ratio (p < 0.05), and higher moisture, crude lipid, crude ash, MUFA, n-6PUFA, and total PUFA contents (p < 0.05). The thawing loss, drip loss, steaming loss, and boiling loss in the farmed group were significantly higher, and hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience were significantly lower than those in the wild group (p < 0.05). In addition, higher muscle fiber density and lower muscle fiber diameter were observed in wild M. albus (p < 0.05). In muscle transcriptome profiling, differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways are primarily associated with muscle development, protein synthesis, catabolism, lipid metabolism, and immunity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation that compares the flesh quality between wild and farmed M. albus in terms of biochemistry, histology, and molecular biology levels. Overall, wild M. albus had a higher nutritional value and texture quality than farmed M. albus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (H.Y.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (W.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecosystem, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (H.Y.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (W.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecosystem, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | | | - Weiwei Lv
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (H.Y.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (W.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecosystem, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Weiwei Huang
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (H.Y.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (W.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecosystem, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430072, China;
| | - Wenzong Zhou
- Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (H.Y.); (Q.Y.); (W.L.); (W.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecosystem, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
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Liu X, Zou D, Wang Y, Zhuang Y, Liu Y, Li Y, Sun Z, Ye C. Replacement of fish meal with cottonseed protein concentrate in Chinese mitten crab ( Eriocheir sinensis): Nutrient digestibility, growth performance, free amino acid profile, and expression of genes related to nutrient metabolism. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:447-462. [PMID: 38846720 PMCID: PMC11153942 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the application of cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) in Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis). First, the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of CPC, fish meal and soybean meal were compared in crabs (21.72 ± 0.33 g). The protein ADC of CPC was 90.42%, which was significantly higher than that of soybean meal (83.16%) (P < 0.05). The ADC of Phe, Cys and Glu of CPC were significantly higher than those of fish meal, while the ADC of Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Thr and Ala of CPC were significantly lower (P < 0.05). Second, we investigated the effects of fish meal substitution by CPC on growth performance, free amino acid profile, and expression of genes related to nutrient metabolism in crabs. Six diets were formulated by replacing 0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60% and 75% fish meal with CPC, namely FM, CPC15, CPC30, CPC45, CPC60, and CPC75. A total of 630 crabs (1.68 ± 0.00 g) were randomly divided into 18 tanks (3 tanks per group) and fed 3 times daily for 9 weeks. Results showed that CPC75 group significantly reduced growth performance, feed conversion efficiency, and free Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, and Thr contents in muscle (P < 0.05). The contents of free amino acids (Arg, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Thr, Val, Ala, Cys, Glu, Gly, Ser and Tyr) in hepatopancreas decreased linearly with the increase of dietary CPC level (P < 0.05). The substitution of more than 45% fish meal with CPC significantly decreased the concentration of delicious amino acids (Ala, Glu and Gly) in hepatopancreas (P < 0.05), which might adversely affect crab flavor. The expression of genes related to antioxidant capacity, protein transport, TOR pathway and lipid metabolism was significantly downregulated by increasing dietary CPC level (P < 0.05). In conclusion, based on the quadratic regression analysis of FCR and PER, the optimal replacement levels of fish meal with CPC in crab diet containing 35% fish meal were 32.36% and 35.38%, respectively. It is recommended that Ile, Leu and Thr be supplemented in addition to Met and Lys in the application of CPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinting Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Danyang Zou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yizhu Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yutong Zhuang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yanyu Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zhenzhu Sun
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Chaoxia Ye
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
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Yang S, Zhang J, Xu Z, Shao W, Pang X, Li D, Huang X, Luo W, Du Z, Li Y, Wu J, Du X. Dietary resveratrol improves the flesh quality of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) by enhancing myofiber growth, nutrient accumulation and antioxidant capacity. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:514. [PMID: 38789922 PMCID: PMC11127361 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10436-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In aquaculture, sturgeons are generally maintained in the confined spaces, which not only hinders sturgeon movement, but also threatens their flesh quality that seriously concerned by aquaculture industry. As a typical antioxidant, resveratrol can improve the flesh quality of livestock and poultry. However, the mechanism of resveratrol's effect on the muscle of Siberian sturgeon is still unclear. RESULTS In this study, the dietary resveratrol increased the myofiber diameter, the content of the amino acids, antioxidant capacity markers (CAT, LDH and SOD) levels and the expression levels of mTORC1 and MYH9 in muscle of Siberian sturgeon. Further transcriptome analysis displayed that ROS production-related pathways ("Oxidative phosphorylation" and "Chemical carcinogenes-reactive oxygen species") were enriched in KEGG analysis, and the expression levels of genes related to the production of ROS (COX4, COX6A, ATPeF1A, etc.) in mitochondria were significantly down-regulated, while the expression levels of genes related to scavenging ROS (SOD1) were up-regulated. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study reveals that resveratrol may promote the flesh quality of Siberian sturgeon probably by enhancing myofiber growth, nutritional value and the antioxidant capacity of muscle, which has certain reference significance for the development of a new type of feed for Siberian sturgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Yang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiajin Zhang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zihan Xu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wuyuntana Shao
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaojian Pang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Datian Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zongjun Du
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yunkun Li
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Jiayun Wu
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Xiaogang Du
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
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Liaqat R, Fatima S, Komal W, Minahal Q, Hussain AS. Dietary supplementation of methionine, lysine, and tryptophan as possible modulators of growth, immune response, and disease resistance in striped catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301205. [PMID: 38625974 PMCID: PMC11020371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the potential role of different essential amino acids (AA) in striped catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus). Fish (initial weight = 17.91±0.27 g, n = 260) were fed with eight isonitrogenous (30%), and isolipidic diets (6%) formulated to include different combinations of tryptophan (Trp), methionine (Met), and lysine (Lys) (T0: Zero AA, T1: Trp, T2: Lys, T3: Met, T4: Trp+Met, T5: Lys+Trp, T6: Met+Lys, T7: Lys+Trp+Met) for eight weeks. The dose of amino acid supplementation, whether individually or in combination, was 5g of each amino acid per kg of diet. The trial comprised eight treatments, with each treatment consisted of three replicates (n = 10/replicate). At the end of the growth experiment, the highest total body weight, crude protein, digestive enzymatic activity, immune response, and amino acids level were observed in treatments supplemented with amino acids compared to T0. After the growth experiment, fish in all treatments were exposed to Staphylococcus aureus (5×105 CFU/ml). For bacterial challenge trial, the T0 treatment was designated as positive (+ve T0) and negative control (-ve T0). Following the S. aureus challenge, fish fed with amino acids showed a better response to reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, as indicated by the increased levels of catalase and superoxide dismutase. Conversely, the concentration of malondialdehyde gradually decreased in all treatments compared to the +ve T0 treatment. It is concluded that supplementation of amino acids improved the growth, protein content, and immunocompetency against S. aureus in striped catfish. The most favorable outcomes in striped catfish were shown by fish supplemented with T7 diet. These essential amino acids hold potential as efficient supplements for use in the intensive aquaculture for striped catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razia Liaqat
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shafaq Fatima
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Wajeeha Komal
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Qandeel Minahal
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Aya S. Hussain
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
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Egbujor MC, Olaniyan OT, Emeruwa CN, Saha S, Saso L, Tucci P. An insight into role of amino acids as antioxidants via NRF2 activation. Amino Acids 2024; 56:23. [PMID: 38506925 PMCID: PMC10954862 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-024-03384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress can affect the protein, lipids, and DNA of the cells and thus, play a crucial role in several pathophysiological conditions. It has already been established that oxidative stress has a close association with inflammation via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) signaling pathway. Amino acids are notably the building block of proteins and constitute the major class of nitrogen-containing natural products of medicinal importance. They exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities, including the ability to activate NRF2, a transcription factor that regulates endogenous antioxidant responses. Moreover, amino acids may act as synergistic antioxidants as part of our dietary supplementations. This has aroused research interest in the NRF2-inducing activity of amino acids. Interestingly, amino acids' activation of NRF2-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) signaling pathway exerts therapeutic effects in several diseases. Therefore, the present review will discuss the relationship between different amino acids and activation of NRF2-KEAP1 signaling pathway pinning their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We also discussed amino acids formulations and their applications as therapeutics. This will broaden the prospect of the therapeutic applications of amino acids in a myriad of inflammation and oxidative stress-related diseases. This will provide an insight for designing and developing new chemical entities as NRF2 activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melford C Egbujor
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University Otuoke, Otuoke, Bayelsa, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Sarmistha Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences and Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Vittorio Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122, Foggia, Italy
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Liu S, Yu H, Zhu L, Zhang X, Li P, Wang C, Liu G, He P, Zhang C, Ji H. Dietary nano-Se supplementation regulates lipid deposition, protein synthesis and muscle fibre formation in grass carp fed with high-fat diet. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1678-1688. [PMID: 36999370 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The current study aims to confirm the positive effects of dietary nano-Se on nutrients deposition and muscle fibre formation in grass carp fed with high-fat diet (HFD) before overwintering and to reveal its possible molecular mechanism. The lipid deposition, protein synthesis and muscle fibre formation in grass carp fed with regular diet (RD), HFD or HFD supplemented with nano-Se (0·3 or 0·6 mg/kg) for 60 d were tested. Results show that nano-Se significantly reduced lipid content, dripping loss and fibre diameter (P < 0·05), but increased protein content, post-mortem pH24 h and muscle fibre density (P < 0·05) in muscle of grass carp fed with HFD. Notably, dietary nano-Se decreased lipid deposition in the muscle by regulating amp-activated protein kinase activity and increased protein synthesis and fibre formation in muscle by activating target of rapamycin and myogenic determining factors pathways. In summary, dietary nano-Se can regulate the nutrients deposition and muscle fibre formation in grass carp fed with HFD, which exhibit potential benefit for improving flesh quality of grass carp fed with HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingwei Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengju Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling712100, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Li C, Zhou X, Jiang W, Wu P, Liu Y, Ren H, Zhang L, Mi H, Tang J, Zhang R, Feng L. Implications of vitamin D for flesh quality of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): antioxidant ability, nutritional value, sensory quality, and myofiber characteristics. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:134. [PMID: 37759314 PMCID: PMC10523690 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00911-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle represents a unique and complex system with many components and comprises the major edible part of animals. Vitamin D is a critical nutrient for animals and is known to enhance calcium absorption and immune response. In recent years, dietary vitamin D supplementation in livestock has received increased attention due to biological responses including improving shear force in mammalian meat. However, the vitamin D acquisition and myofiber development processes in fish differ from those in mammals, and the effect of vitamin D on fish flesh quality is poorly understood. Here, the influence of dietary vitamin D on fillet quality, antioxidant ability, and myofiber development was examined in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). METHODS A total of 540 healthy grass carp, with an initial average body weight of 257.24 ± 0.63 g, were allotted in 6 experimental groups with 3 replicates each, and respectively fed corresponding diets with 15.2, 364.3, 782.5, 1,167.9, 1,573.8, and 1,980.1 IU/kg vitamin D for 70 d. RESULTS Supplementation with 1,167.9 IU/kg vitamin D significantly improved nutritional value and sensory quality of fillets, enhancing crude protein, free amino acid, lipid, and collagen contents; maintaining an ideal pH; and reducing lactate content, shear force, and cooking loss relative to respective values in the control (15.2 IU/kg) group. Average myofiber diameter and the frequency of myofibers > 50 μm in diameter increased under supplementation with 782.5-1,167.9 IU/kg vitamin D. Levels of oxidative damage biomarkers decreased, and the expression of antioxidant enzymes and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling molecules was upregulated in the 1,167.9 IU/kg vitamin D treatment compared to respective values in the control group. Furthermore, vitamin D supplementation activated cell differentiation by enhancing the expression of myogenic regulatory factors and myocyte enhancer factors compared to that in the control group. In addition, supplementation with 1,167.9 IU/kg vitamin D improved protein deposition associated with protein synthesis molecule (target of rapamycin) signaling and vitamin D receptor paralogs, along with inhibition of protein degradation (forkhead box protein 1) signaling. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results demonstrated that vitamin D strengthened antioxidant ability and myofiber development, thereby enhancing nutritional value and sensory quality of fish flesh. These findings suggest that dietary vitamin D supplementation is conducive to the production of nutrient-rich, high quality aquaculture products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaonan Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Weidan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hongmei Ren
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Haifeng Mi
- Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiayong Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruinan Zhang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Zhang Z, Chen S, Chen A, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Yu W, Cao Y, Jia C, Wu Y. Comparison of the flavor qualities between two varieties of Mercenaria mercenaria. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13047. [PMID: 37567877 PMCID: PMC10421933 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39757-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The saltwater hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria (M. mercenaria) as a representative of low-value shellfish, enhancing its flavor quality, is the key to enter the high-end market. Nevertheless, there has not been reported research on the flavor quality of M. mercenaria. This study compared the flavor quality of selective and non-selective saltwater hard clams of M. mercenaria by using various indicators: proximate component, free amino acids, nucleotides, and metabolomic analysis. The results indicated that selective breeding contributed to the significant improvement contents of crude protein, flavor-associated free amino acids (glutamic acid, aspartic acid, proline, etc.), and nucleotides (AMP) (P < 0.05). Then, the metabolome was utilized to assess the metabolite changes in the pre/post-selective breeding of M. mercenaria and further understand the flavor characteristics and metabolic status. In the metabolomics assay, among the 3143 quantified metabolites, a total of 102 peaks were identified as significantly different metabolites (SDMs) between the selective and non-selective varieties of M. mercenaria (VIP > 1 and P < 0.05). These results can provide new insights for future research on improving the quality of saltwater bivalves through selective breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Zhang
- Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 31 Jiaoyu Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, 226007, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Marine Economic Shellfish Research and Development Center, Lvsi Town, Qidong, Nantong, 226241, Jiangsu, China
| | - Suhua Chen
- Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 31 Jiaoyu Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, 226007, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Marine Economic Shellfish Research and Development Center, Lvsi Town, Qidong, Nantong, 226241, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aihua Chen
- Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 31 Jiaoyu Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, 226007, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Marine Economic Shellfish Research and Development Center, Lvsi Town, Qidong, Nantong, 226241, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanshun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 31 Jiaoyu Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, 226007, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Marine Economic Shellfish Research and Development Center, Lvsi Town, Qidong, Nantong, 226241, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 31 Jiaoyu Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, 226007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 31 Jiaoyu Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, 226007, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Marine Economic Shellfish Research and Development Center, Lvsi Town, Qidong, Nantong, 226241, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaofeng Jia
- Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 31 Jiaoyu Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, 226007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangping Wu
- Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 31 Jiaoyu Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, 226007, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Marine Economic Shellfish Research and Development Center, Lvsi Town, Qidong, Nantong, 226241, Jiangsu, China.
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10
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Liang H, Kasiya HC, Huang D, Ren M, Zhang L, Yin H, Mi H. The Role of Algae Extract ( Ulva lactuca and Solieria chordalis) in Fishmeal Substitution in Gibel Carp ( Carrassius auratus gibeilo). Vet Sci 2023; 10:501. [PMID: 37624288 PMCID: PMC10457755 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10080501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of algae extract (AE) in fishmeal (FM) substitution with plant proteins in the diets of Gibel carp (Carrassius auratus gibeilo) was investigated during a 56-day trial. Diets 1 and 2 contained 10% FM, Diets 3 and 4 contained 5% FM, and Diet 5 and 6 contained 0% FM. In contrast, Diets 2, 4, and 6 were supplemented with 0.2% AE. The results showed that FM reduction inhibited growth performance, while AE supplementation alleviated growth inhibition. FM reduction significantly decreased the crude protein levels of the whole body, while the contents of whole-body lipids were significantly decreased with AE supplementation. There were no significant changes in ALB, ALP, ALT, AST, TP, GLU, GLU, and TC in plasma. FM reduction with AE supplementation mitigated the decrease in antioxidant capacity by heightening the activity of antioxidant enzymes and related gene expressions, which mitigated the decrease in immune capacity by affecting the expression of inflammatory factors. In summary, AE supplementation could alleviate the negative effects of FM reduction in Gibel carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualiang Liang
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi 214081, China; (H.L.); (D.H.); (M.R.); (L.Z.)
| | - Hopeson Chisomo Kasiya
- Department of Aquatic Bio-Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 13-8654, Japan;
| | - Dongyu Huang
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi 214081, China; (H.L.); (D.H.); (M.R.); (L.Z.)
| | - Mingchun Ren
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi 214081, China; (H.L.); (D.H.); (M.R.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi 214081, China; (H.L.); (D.H.); (M.R.); (L.Z.)
| | - Heng Yin
- Tongwei Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Culture of Aquatic Livestock and Poultry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610093, China;
| | - Haifeng Mi
- Tongwei Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Culture of Aquatic Livestock and Poultry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610093, China;
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11
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Ma JL, Xu DP, Tao YF, Zheng T, Xu P, Qiang J. Integrated transcriptome and miRNA sequencing analyses reveal that hypoxia stress induces immune and metabolic disorders in gill of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:108909. [PMID: 37353064 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The survival and growth of fish are significantly impacted by a hypoxic environment (low dissolved oxygen). In this study, we compared tissue structure, physiological changes, and mRNA/miRNA transcriptome, in gills of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus) between the hypoxic group (DO: 0.55 mg/L, HG) and the control group (DO: 5 mg/L, CG). The results showed that the gill filaments in the hypoxic group showed curling, engorgement, and apoptotic cells increased, and that exposure for 96 h resulted in a reduction in the antioxidant capacity. We constructed and sequenced miRNA and mRNA libraries from gill tissues of GIFT at 96 h of hypoxia stress. Between the HG and CG, a total of 14 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs and 1557 DE genes were obtained. GO and KEGG enrichment showed that DE genes were mainly enriched in immune and metabolic pathways such as natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, steroid biosynthesis, primary immunodeficiency, and synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies. Based on the results of mRNA sequencing and screening for miRNA-mRNA pairs, we selected and verified six DE miRNAs and their probable target genes. The sequencing results were consistent with the qRT-PCR validation results. The result showed that under hypoxia stress, the innate immune response was up-regulated, and the adaptive immune response was down-regulated in the gill of GIFT. The synthesis of cholesterol in gill cells is reduced, which is conducive to the absorption of solvent oxygen. These findings offer fresh information about the processes of fish adaptation to hypoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Lei Ma
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Dong-Po Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China.
| | - Yi-Fan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Jun Qiang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China.
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12
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Li Y, Chen B, Zhang J, Wang G, Gong W, Tian J, Li H, Zhang K, Xia Y, Li Z, Xie J, Yu E. Combined effects of dietary faba bean water extract and vitamin K3 on growth performance, textural quality, intestinal characteristics, oxidative and immune responses in grass carp. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15733. [PMID: 37483977 PMCID: PMC10362844 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Faba bean water extract (FBW) and vitamin K3 (VK3) have been demonstrated to improve the muscle textural quality of fish. To better apply these two feed additives in commercial aquaculture setting, four experimental diets (control, commercial feed group; 15% FBW, 15% faba bean water extract group; 2.5% VK3, 2.5% vitamin K3 group; combined group, 15% faba bean water extract + 2.5% vitamin K3 group) were formulated to explore their combined effects of FBW and VK3 on the growth, health status, and muscle textural quality of grass carp. The growth performance, textural quality, intestinal characteristics, and oxidative and immune responses were analyzed on days 40, 80 and 120. The results showed that supplementation with higher doses of FBW and VK3 have no influence on growth-related parameters and immune parameters of grass carp. Notably, compared with the control, fish in the combined group had the highest textural qualities (hardness, chewiness and adhesiveness), followed by those in 15% FBW and 2.5% VK3 groups (P < 0.05). Also, FBW and VK3, to some extent, may lower antioxidative ability of grass carp, as illustrated by lower levels of GSH and CAT in 15% FBW, 2.5% VK3, and combined groups on day 120 (P < 0.05). In addition, enhanced lipase activity was observed in the 15% FBW group. Taken together, the combined supplementation of FBW and VK3 was demonstrated to be a more advanced option than their individual supplementation in a commercial setting owing to the resulting combined effects on both the textural quality and health status of grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Li
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junming Zhang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangjun Wang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wangbao Gong
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhifei Li
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ermeng Yu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of CAFS, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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13
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Yang Z, Wang F, Yin Y, Huang P, Jiang Q, Liu Z, Yin Y, Chen J. Dietary Litsea cubeba essential oil supplementation improves growth performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 13:9-18. [PMID: 36941959 PMCID: PMC10023852 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper was to determine the effects of dietary Litsea cubeba essential oil (LEO) supplementation on growth performance, immune function, antioxidant level, intestinal morphology and microbial composition in weaned piglets. One hundred and ninety-two piglets (Duroc × [Large White × Landrace]) with 6.85 ± 0.22 kg mean body weight weaned at 21 d of age were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups with 8 replicates and were fed with a basal diet (CON) or CON diet containing 100 (LLEO), 200 (MLEO) and 400 (HLEO) mg/kg LEO. The results revealed that HLEO supplementation (P < 0.05) increased the average daily gain on d 28 compared with CON. MLEO and HLEO supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio. LEO-containing diets had a lower (P < 0.05) diarrhea rate. Supplementation with HLEO increased (P < 0.05) total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) both in the serum and liver. Meanwhile, the supplementation of MLEO and HLEO resulted in higher (P < 0.05) glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities both in serum and liver. Supplementation of HLEO increased (P < 0.05) serum immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G and interleukin-10, whereas supplementation with MLEO and HLEO decreased (P < 0.05) tumor necrosis factor-α. Villus height in the duodenum or jejunum was increased (P < 0.05) in the HLEO group, and the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum was also improved (P < 0.05) in the MLEO group. The addition of LEO increased (P < 0.05) the richness and diversity of the microbial community in the cecum, which mainly increased the relative abundance of Oscillospiraceae _UCG-005, Faecalibacterium, Blautia and Coprococcus. Piglets supplemented with HLEO increased (P < 0.05) the concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), including acetic acid in the cecum and propionic acid in the colon. In conclusion, these findings indicated that LEO supplementation improved growth performance and intestinal health in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Yang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Yexin Yin
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Zhimou Liu
- Hunan Nuoz Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Yiyang, Hunan, 413056, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Jiashun Chen
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China
- Corresponding authors.
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14
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Feng T, Tao Y, Yan Y, Lu S, Li Y, Zhang X, Qiang J. Transcriptional Inhibition of AGPAT2 Induces Abnormal Lipid Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in the Liver of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030700. [PMID: 36978948 PMCID: PMC10045202 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzyme 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2 (AGPAT2) is an intermediate enzyme in triglyceride synthesis. The aim was to study the regulatory mechanism of AGPAT2 on Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. In this study, antisense RNA technology was used to knock-down AGPAT2 in Nile tilapia. Compared with the control groups (transfected with ultrapure water or the blank expression vector), the AGPAT2 knock-down group showed a significantly higher weight gain rate, special growth rate, visceral somatic index, and hepatopancreas somatic index; and significantly increased the total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and insulin levels in serum. In addition, the contents of total cholesterol and triglycerides and the abundance of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the liver significantly increased, while the malondialdehyde content significantly decreased. The liver cells became severely vacuolated and accumulated lipids in the AGPAT2 knock-down group. Comparative transcriptome analyses (AGPAT2 knock-down vs. control group) revealed 1789 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 472 upregulated genes and 1313 downregulated genes in the AGPAT2 knock-down group. Functional analysis showed that the main pathway of differentially expressed genes enrichment was lipid metabolism and oxidative stress, such as steroid biosynthesis, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, the PPAR signaling pathway, and the P53 pathway. We used qRT-PCR to verify the mRNA expression changes of 13 downstream differential genes in related signaling pathways. These findings demonstrate that knock-down of AGPAT2 in tilapia leads to abnormal lipid metabolism and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Feng
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yifan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yue Yan
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Siqi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun Qiang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
- Correspondence:
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15
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Tie H, Yu D, Jiang Q, Yang F, Xu Y, Xia W. Research on apoptotic mechanism and related pathways involved in postmortem grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) muscle. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:298-307. [PMID: 35861049 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis activation is an essential research to reveal the triggering mechanism of flesh quality deterioration. This study was aimed at explaining apoptotic mechanism of postmortem fish in terms of caspases activation, cytochrome c (cyt-c) release, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl2-associated X (Bax) protein levels, transcriptional levels of its molecules, and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) translocation at 4 °C for 5 days. RESULTS Activation of caspase-9, caspase-8, caspase-3 and the release of mitochondrial cyt-c were observed during storage. The decreased Bcl-2 protein levels, increased Bax protein expressions and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were major steps for inducing apoptosis. Collectively, transcriptional regulation of Fas ligand (FasL), apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1), inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) indicated that extrinsic apoptotic pathways (FasL/caspase-8/caspase-3) and intrinsic pathway [(JNK and p38 MAPK)/(Bcl-2, Bax and Mcl-1)/cyt-c/Apaf-1/caspase-9/caspase-3] were involved in apoptotic process. Mitochondrial AIF translocation to nuclear indicated that AIF mediated caspase-independent pathway. CONCLUSION Therefore, transcriptional and translational alterations of multiple signaling molecules acted important roles in regulating apoptosis activation in postmortem process. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaimao Tie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Dawei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qixing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanshun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenshui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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16
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Li C, Zhao P, Shao Q, Chen W, Huang S, Wang X, Zhang C, He L. Effects of dietary Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide on growth performance, blood parameters and immunity in weaned piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:136-146. [PMID: 35247286 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide (GCP) on growth performance, blood parameters and immunity in weaned piglets. A total of 240 (10.33 ± 0.62 kg body weight) 35-day-old (Duroc × Landrace × White) weaned piglets were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments, with six replicate pens per treatment and 10 piglets per pen (five males and five females). The dietary treatments continued for 21 days and comprised a basal diet supplemented with 0 (control group), 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg GCP. The results showed that the inclusion of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg GCP increased the average daily gain and decreased the feed conversion rate compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The piglets treated with 500 and 1000 mg/kg GCP had a lower diarrhoeal incidence than the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, supplementation with 1000 mg/kg GCP increased the counts of white blood cells, neutrophils, red blood cells, and platelets, and elevated alkaline phosphatase, total protein, globulin, glucose, triglyceride, immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, and total antioxidant capacity levels (p < 0.05), and decreased malondialdehyde content compare with the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, relative to the control group, piglets fed 500 and 1000 mg/kg GCP had significantly lower expression of interleukin-6 mRNA in spleen (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that dietary supplementation with GCP can improve growth performance, blood parameters and immunity in weaned piglets. Our study suggests that adding 1000 mg/kg GCP to the diet had the most beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Pengli Zhao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Qi Shao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Wenbin Chen
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shucheng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Lei He
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Welfare and Health Breeding, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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17
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Hou M, Pang Y, Niu C, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Song Y, Shi A, Chen Q, Zhang J, Cheng Y, Yang X. Effects of Dietary L-TRP on Immunity, Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Microbiota of the Chinese Mitten Crab ( Eriocheir Sinensis) in Pond Culture. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010001. [PMID: 36676926 PMCID: PMC9866439 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
L-tryptophan (L-TRP) is an essential amino acid for the normal growth of crustaceans. As a nutritional supplement and antioxidant, L-TRP has the function of immune and antioxidant capacity regulation. From July to November, the effects of L-TRP on the immunity, antioxidant capacity and intestinal microflora of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) in pond culture were investigated. After feeding an L-TRP diet for 30 (named as August), 60 (named as September) and 106 (named as November) days, respectively, the activities of the immune and antioxidant enzymes in the hepatopancreas and hemolymph were evaluated, and the intestinal microbiota were profiled via high-throughput Illumina sequencing. The results showed that supplementation of L-TRP significantly increased the activities of AKP in the hepatopancreas in September, and significantly increased the activities of ACP in the hepatopancreas in August and September, and the hemolymph’s ACP activities also significantly increased in August and November (p < 0.05). Similarly, the activities of SOD, AOC and POD in the hepatopancreas significantly increased in September and November (p < 0.05) after feeding the L-TRP diet; meanwhile, the activities of SOD and AOC in the hemolymph also significantly increased in August (p < 0.05). However, in August, the L-TRP diet resulted in a significant increase in MDA activity in the hepatopancreas and hemolymph (p < 0.05). In addition, the results of the intestinal microbiota analysis showed that Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla in August, September and November, and Patescibacteria was the dominant phylum in September and November. After feeding the L-TRP diet, the richness of Cyanobacteria and Desulfobacterota significantly increased in August (p < 0.05), and the richness of Actinobacteriota significantly decreased in September (p < 0.05). Moreover, the L-TRP supplementation significantly reduced the abundance of ZOR0006 in the Firmicutes in September (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary L-TRP could improve the immunity and antioxidant ability and impact the intestinal health of E. sinensis at the early stage of pond culturing. However, long-term feeding of an L-TRP diet might have no positive impact on the activities of the immune, antioxidant enzymes and intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Hou
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yangyang Pang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Chao Niu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Dongxin Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yameng Song
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Aoya Shi
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qing Chen
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yongxu Cheng
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (X.Y.); Tel.: +86-21-6190-0417 (Y.C. & X.Y.)
| | - Xiaozhen Yang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (X.Y.); Tel.: +86-21-6190-0417 (Y.C. & X.Y.)
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Histidine Deficiency Inhibits Intestinal Antioxidant Capacity and Induces Intestinal Endoplasmic-Reticulum Stress, Inflammatory Response, Apoptosis, and Necroptosis in Largemouth Bass ( Micropterus salmoides). Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122399. [PMID: 36552607 PMCID: PMC9774248 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This 56-day study aimed to evaluate the effects of histidine levels on intestinal antioxidant capacity and endoplasmic-reticulum stress (ERS) in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The initial weights of the largemouth bass were (12.33 ± 0.01) g. They were fed six graded levels of histidine: 0.71% (deficient group), 0.89%, 1.08%, 1.26%, 1.48%, and 1.67%. The results showed that histidine deficiency significantly suppressed the intestinal antioxidant enzyme activities, including SOD, CAT, GPx, and intestinal level of GSH, which was supported by significantly higher levels of intestinal MDA. Moreover, histidine deficiency significantly lowered the mRNA level of nrf2 and upregulated the mRNA level of keap1, which further lowered the mRNA levels of the downstream genes sod, cat, and gpx. Additionally, histidine-deficiency-induced intestinal ERS, which was characterized by activating the PEPK-signalling pathway and IRE1-signalling pathway, including increased core gene expression of pepk, grp78, eif2α, atf4, chopα, ire1, xbp1, traf2, ask1, and jnk1. Dietary histidine deficiency also induced apoptosis and necroptosis in the intestine by upregulating the expressions of proapoptotic genes, including caspase 3, caspase 8, caspase 9, and bax, and necroptosis-related genes, including mlkl and ripk3, while also lowering the mRNA level of the antiapoptotic gene bcl-2. Furthermore, histidine deficiency activated the NF-κB-signalling pathway to induce an inflammatory response, improving the mRNA levels of the proinflammatory factors tnf-α, hepcidin 1, cox2, cd80, and cd83 and lowering the mRNA levels of the anti-inflammatory factors tgf-β1 and ikbα. Similarly, dietary histidine deficiency significantly lowered the intestinal levels of the anti-inflammatory factors TGF-β and IL-10 and upregulated the intestinal levels of the proinflammatory factor TNF-α, showing a trend similar to the gene expression of inflammatory factors. However, dietary histidine deficiency inhibited only the level of C3, and no significant effects were observed for IgM, IgG, HSP70, or IFN-γ. Based on the MDA and T-SOD results, the appropriate dietary histidine requirements of juvenile largemouth bass were 1.32% of the diet (2.81% dietary protein) and 1.47% of the diet (3.13% dietary protein), respectively, as determined by quadratic regression analysis.
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Kou H, Hu J, Liu X, Zhao L, Zhang K, Pan X, Wang A, Miao Y, Lin L. Dietary protein improves flesh quality by enhancing antioxidant ability via the NF-E2-related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 signaling pathway in softshell turtle ( Pelodiscus sinensis). Front Nutr 2022; 9:1030583. [PMID: 36438722 PMCID: PMC9685656 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1030583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial was performed to assess the influence of a gradient of protein levels (14.38-45.23%) on flesh quality, skin color, amino acid profile, collagen, antioxidant capability, and antioxidant-related signaling molecule expression of the softshell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). Hardness, gumminess, chewiness, and yellowness values in the plastron and carapace, along with collagen, superoxide dismutase, catalase, total antioxidant capacity, and glutathione peroxidase, all improved with elevating dietary protein up to 26.19%, after which they leveled off. Additionally, total amino acids, flavor amino acids, essential amino acids, and non-essential amino acids in the muscle, as well as the expression of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, manganese superoxide dismutase, NF-E2-related factor 2 were all enhanced by increasing the dietary protein level but not changed by higher protein levels. When dietary protein levels were less than 26.19%, the mRNA expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, malondialdehyde, and redness values in the carapace and plastron were reduced, as was the lightness values of the carapace, all of which plateaued at higher protein levels. Using catalase activity and malondialdehyde as the indicators and applying a broken-line analysis, the optimal dietary protein level for P. sinensis was inferred to be 26.07 and 26.06% protein, respectively. In summary, an optimal protein input improved turtle flesh quality by strengthening antioxidant capacity in muscle tissue and by regulating the expression of antioxidant-related enzymes via the Nrf2/keap1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Kou
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junru Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueting Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xunbin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yutao Miao
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Wei X, Li D, Feng C, Mao H, Zhu J, Cui Y, Yang J, Gao H, Wang C. Effects of hydrogen peroxide and l-tryptophan on antioxidative potential, apoptosis, and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling in bovine intestinal epithelial cells. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:10007-10019. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Liu XQ, Feng L, Wu P, Liu Y, Ren HM, Jin XW, Kuang SY, Li SW, Tang L, Zhang L, Mi HF, Zhou XQ, Jiang WD. Physicochemical property optimization and nutrient redistribution in the muscle of sub-adult grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) by conjugated linoleic acid. Food Chem X 2022; 15:100412. [PMID: 36211744 PMCID: PMC9532757 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for high-quality fish products increasing from consumers. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) caused nutrient redistribution in fish muscle. CLA improved muscle beneficial fatty acids composition of fish. CLA increased shear force involved collagen synthesis and myofiber growth.
We studied the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the amount of nutrients, flavour substances, and healthcare fatty acids, the physicochemical properties, and the potential molecular mechanisms in the muscles of sub-adult grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Fish were fed graded levels of CLA (0.0, 3.1, 6.4, 9.6, 12.7, and 15.9 g/kg diets) for 60 days. Protein, glutamic acid, alanine, inosine monophosphate (IMP), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3), and total CLA contents (p < 0.05) increased in CLA 3.1 ∼ 12.7, 6.4 ∼ 9.6, 6.4 ∼ 9.6, 6.4 ∼ 15.9, 3.1 ∼ 9.6, 3.1 ∼ 9.6, and 3.1 ∼ 15.9 g/kg diet, respectively (p < 0.05). In addition, optimal CLA significantly increased pH24, shear force, collagen content, and myofibre density in the muscle (P < 0.05); however, it decreased myofibre diameter (p < 0.05). We concluded that 6–9 g/kg CLA in the diet could improve the flesh quality of sub-adult grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production, University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production, University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production, University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Hong-Mei Ren
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Wan Jin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Shu-Wei Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Tongwei Co., Ltd., Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hai-Feng Mi
- Tongwei Co., Ltd., Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production, University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, China
- Corresponding authors at: Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production, University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China
- Corresponding authors at: Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
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22
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Li M, Li X, Yao W, Wang Y, Zhang X, Leng X. An Evaluation of Replacing Fishmeal with Chlorella Sorokiniana in the Diet of Pacific White Shrimp ( Litopenaeus Vannamei): Growth, Body Color, and Flesh Quality. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2022; 2022:8617265. [PMID: 36860470 PMCID: PMC9973205 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8617265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing fishmeal (FM) with Chlorella sorokiniana on growth and flesh quality of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. A control diet was formulated to contain 560 g/kg FM, and then chlorella meal was used to replace 0% (C-0), 20% (C-20), 40% (C-40), 60% (C-60), 80% (C-80), and 100% (C-100) of dietary FM, respectively. The six isoproteic and isolipidic diets were fed to shrimp (1.37 ± 0.02 g) for 8 weeks. The results showed that weight gain (WG) and protein retention (PR) of C-20 group were significantly higher than those of C-0 group (P < 0.05), while no significant differences were observed in WG and PR between C-0 and C-40 groups (P > 0.05). When the replaced level of FM by chlorella meal reached 60%, the WG of shrimp decreased and feed conversion ratio (FCR) increased significantly (P < 0.05). The quadratic regression analysis indicated that substituted fishmeal levels with chlorella meal were 20.50% and 28.25%, respectively, to obtain the highest WG and lowest FCR. In C-40 and C-60 groups, the body surface presented higher redness than the control (P < 0.05). No significant differences in the whole body and muscle composition, SOD, T-AOC, GSH-PX activities, MDA contents, total collagen content, steaming loss, texture property, free delicious amino acids contents, PUFAs, and n-3/n-6 PUFAs in flesh were observed among the three groups of C-0, C-20, and C-40 (P > 0.05). Compared to the control group, C-60, C-80, and C-100 groups showed lower flesh hardness, chewiness, shear force, and higher steaming loss and resilience (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in serum TP, TG, GLU, and ALB contents, boiling loss, freezing loss, total free amino acids, SAFs and MUFAs among all the groups (P >0.05). Conclusively, in a diet containing 560 g/kg FM, chlorella meal could replace 40% dietary FM without negative effects on the growth and flesh quality, while increase the body redness of white shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Li
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxiang Yao
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - XiangJun Leng
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Liu HJ, Dong M, Jiang WD, Wu P, Liu Y, Jin XW, Kuang SY, Tang L, Zhang L, Feng L, Zhou XQ. Acute nitrite exposure-induced oxidative damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy and apoptosis caused gill tissue damage of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): Relieved by dietary protein. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 243:113994. [PMID: 35994904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite poses a serious threat to intensive aquaculture. Protein, as a major nutrient in animals, is vital for protecting animal tissues from damage. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of dietary protein on gill tissue structure and the underlying mechanisms in sub-adult grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) exposed to nitrite stress. Six iso-energetic semi-purified diets containing different protein levels (16-31 %) were formulated, and fed to fish for 60 d. The fish were then exposed to a nitrite solution for 4 d. Histopathological observation and determination of related indices (serum glucose, serum cortisol, nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and protein carbonyl) showed that 22-25 % dietary protein significantly alleviated the nitrite-induced stress response, gill tissue damage and oxidative damage. Further research found that a suitable dietary protein suppressed the nitrite-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) related signaling pathway which possibly activated autophagy and apoptosis. Interestingly, we discovered that proper dietary protein reduced autophagy, probably through unc-51-like kinase 1 (Ulk1), BCL-2-interacting myosin-like coiled-coil protein (Beclin1), autophagy-related gene 5 (Atg5), Atg12, microtubule-associated protein1 light chain 3 (LC3), BCL-2 interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) and autophagy receptor P62 (p62). We also found that an appropriate dietary protein inhibited nitrite-induced apoptosis via mitochondrial and death receptor pathways. In summary, our findings are the first to demonstrate that 22-25 % of dietary protein levels can play a protective role against nitrite-induced gill injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ju Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Min Dong
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Wan Jin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd,Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd,Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China, Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China.
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24
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Zhou Y, Wu P, Feng L, Jiang WD, Liu Y, Peng Y, Kuang SY, Tang L, Li SW, Zhou XQ. Improvement of nutritional value and sensory quality by promoting protein deposition and muscle fiber growth in grass carp muscle (Ctenopharyngodon idella): the effect of cinnamaldehyde. Food Chem 2022; 399:133799. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Effects of dietary tryptophan on muscle growth, protein synthesis and antioxidant capacity in hybrid catfish Pelteobagrus vachelli♀ × Leiocassis longirostris♂. Br J Nutr 2022; 127:1761-1773. [PMID: 34321122 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521002828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated effects of dietary supplementation with tryptophan (Trp) on muscle growth, protein synthesis and antioxidant capacity in hybrid catfish Pelteobagrus vachelli♀ × Leiocassis longirostris♂. Fish were fed six different diets containing 2·6 (control), 3·1, 3·7, 4·2, 4·7 and 5·6 g Trp/kg diet for 56 d, respectively. Results showed that dietary Trp significantly (1) improved muscle protein content, fibre density and frequency of fibre diameter; (2) up-regulated the mRNA levels of PCNA, myf5, MyoD1, MyoG, MRF4, IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF-IR, PIK3Ca, TOR, 4EBP1 and S6K1; (3) increased phosphorylation levels of AKT, TOR and S6K1; (4) decreased contents of MDA and PC, and increased activities of CAT, GST, GR, ASA and AHR; (5) up-regulated mRNA levels of CuZnSOD, CAT, GST, GPx, GCLC and Nrf2, and decreased Keap1 mRNA level; (6) increased nuclear Nrf2 protein level and the intranuclear antioxidant response element-binding ability, and reduced Keap1 protein level. These results indicated that dietary Trp improved muscle growth, protein synthesis as well as antioxidant capacity, which might be partly related to myogenic regulatory factors, IGF/PIK3Ca/AKT/TOR and Keap1/Nrf2 signalling pathways. Finally, based on the quadratic regression analysis of muscle protein and MDA contents, the optimal Trp requirements of hybrid catfish (21·82-39·64 g) were estimated to be 3·94 and 3·93 g Trp/kg diet (9·57 and 9·54 g/kg of dietary protein), respectively.
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Yin Y, Wang F, Yang M, Tan B, Yin Y, Chen J, Yang Z. Lycium barbarum Polysaccharides as Antibiotic Substitutes Improve Growth Performance, Serum Immunity, Antioxidant Status, and Intestinal Health for Weaned Piglets. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:819993. [PMID: 35281314 PMCID: PMC8914510 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.819993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of dietary Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) supplementation on the growth performance, immune response, serum antioxidant status, and intestinal health of weaned piglets. In total, 24 crossed healthy weaned piglets [Duroc × (Yorkshire × Landrace)], of similar body weight (7.47 ± 0.22 kg), were randomly allocated to three treatment groups: CON (basal diet); LBPs (basal diet plus 4,000 mg/kg LBPs); and antibiotic (ABO, basal diet plus 20 mg/kg flavomycin and 50 mg/kg quinocetone). There were eight pigs per group. The study lasted 28 days. When compared with CON, LBPs or ABO dietary supplementation increased average daily gain (P < 0.05), decreased the ratio of feed to gain and the diarrhea ratio (P < 0.05). Similarly, when compared with CON, LBPs dietary supplementation increased serum immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, interleukin-10, interleukin-2, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels (P < 0.05). Dietary LBPs enhanced the activity of serum total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase, and decreased malondialdehyde levels (P < 0.05). Principal component analysis showed a distinct separation between CON and LBPs groups, but no differences between ABO and LBPs groups. LBPs addition increased Lactobacillus and Faecalibacterium (P < 0.05) levels, while it decreased Enterococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae (P < 0.05) levels. Furthermore, when compared with the CON group, LBPs increased villus height (P < 0.05) and the villus height to crypt depth ratio in the duodenum and jejunum (P < 0.05). Thus, dietary supplementation with LBPs improved growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immunity, regulated intestinal microbial composition, and may be used as an efficient antibiotic alternative in weaned piglet feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexin Yin
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Bie Tan
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jiashun Chen
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Liu B, Gao Q, Liu B, Song C, Sun C, Liu M, Liu X, Liu Y, Li Z, Zhou Q, Zhu H. Application of Transcriptome Analysis to Understand the Adverse Effects of Hypotonic Stress on Different Development Stages in the Giant Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii Post-Larvae. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030440. [PMID: 35326091 PMCID: PMC8944765 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is one of the important environmental factors affecting survival and growth of aquatic animals. However, the impact of low-salinity stress on M. rosenbergii post-larvae at different development stages remains elusive. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the underlying mechanisms of hypotonic stress at different development stages of M. rosenbergii post-larvae through transcriptome analysis and antioxidant parameters detection. The salinity of the control group was 15 psu (S15) and the hypotonic stress group was 6 psu (S6). Samples were collected at 7 days-post-hatch (dph), 14 dph and 21 dph larvae. The results showed that hypotonic stress caused oxidative damage in post-larvae evidenced by decreased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px); superoxide dismutase (SOD); anti-superoxide anion free radical (ASAFR); and increased malondialdehyde (MDA); nitric oxide (NO); and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels. Transcriptome analysis showed that there were 1428, 1187, 132 DEGs including 301, 366, 4 up-regulated genes and 1127, 821, 128 down-regulated genes at 7 dph, 14 dph and 21 dph larvae under hypotonic stress, respectively. Furthermore, GO and KEGG enrichment indicated that hypotonic stress led to dysregulation of immune signals including lysosome and autophagy in the 7 dph larvae. The autophagy-related genes including beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator (Barkor); ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 (ATG7); Beclin; autophagy-related protein 13 (ATG13); nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 (Nrbf2); ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 (ATG3); vacuole membrane protein 1 (VMP1); and autophagy-related protein 2 (ATG2) decreased at 7 dph, and 14 dph larvae, and then increased at 21 dph larvae under hypotonic stress. In the 14 dph and 21 dph larvae, the renin-angiotensin system was activated. In conclusion, our data indicated that hypotonic stress reduced the antioxidant capacity and impaired the immune system in post-larvae, but as development progresses, the adaptability of post-larvae to hypotonic stress gradually increased, and might reach a new homeostasis through the RAS signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (B.L.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi 214081, China; (C.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Qiang Gao
- Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fishery, Huzhou 313001, China;
| | - Bo Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (B.L.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi 214081, China; (C.S.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Changyou Song
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi 214081, China; (C.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Cunxin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi 214081, China; (C.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Mingyang Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (B.L.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Xin Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (B.L.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Yunke Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (B.L.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Zhengzhong Li
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;
| | - Qunlan Zhou
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; (B.L.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (Q.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi 214081, China; (C.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Hao Zhu
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Yangpu District, Shanghai 201306, China;
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Dietary Vitamin A Improved the Flesh Quality of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in Relation to the Enhanced Antioxidant Capacity through Nrf2/Keap 1a Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010148. [PMID: 35052652 PMCID: PMC8773310 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish is an important animal-source food for humans. However, the oxidative stress-induced by intensive aquaculture usually causes deterioration of fish meat quality. The nutritional way has been considered to be a useful method for improving fish flesh quality. This study using the same growth experiment as our previous study was conducted to investigate whether vitamin A could improve flesh quality by enhancing antioxidative ability via Nrf2/Keap1 signaling in fish muscle. Six diets with different levels of vitamin A were fed to grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) (262.02 ± 0.45 g) for 10 weeks. Dietary vitamin A significantly improved flesh sensory appeal and nutritional value, as evident by higher pH24h value, water-holding capacity, shear force, contents of protein, lipid, four indispensable amino acids (lysine, methionine, threonine, and arginine) and total polyunsaturated fatty acid in the muscle. Furthermore, dietary vitamin A reduced oxidative damage, as evident by decreased levels of muscle reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and protein carbonyl, enhanced activities of antioxidative enzyme (catalase, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), MnSOD, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase), as well as increased content of glutathione, which was probably in relation to the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling. These findings demonstrated that dietary vitamin A improved flesh quality probably by enhancing antioxidant ability through Nrf2/Keap 1a signaling in fish.
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Gu J, Liang H, Ge X, Xia D, Pan L, Mi H, Ren M. A study of the potential effect of yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) substitution for fish meal on growth, immune and antioxidant capacity in juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:214-221. [PMID: 34843945 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of partial replacement of fish meal (FM) with yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor, TM) on the growth performance, food utilization and intestinal immune response of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Seven diets containing increasing levels of TM (FM substitution) were designed (approximately 0% (0%), 4% (11.1%), 8.1% (22.2%), 12.2% (33.3%), 16.3% (44.4%), 20.4% (55.5%), and 24.5% (66.6%), designated TM0, TM11, TM22, TM33, TM44, TM55, and TM66, respectively). 420 fish were randomly selected and placed in 21 cages (1 m*1 m*1 m, 7 treatments for triplicate, 20 fish per cage). Fish (initial weight 6.25 ± 0.03 g) were fed seven isonitrogenous (47%) and isocaloric (19 MJ kg-1) diets to satiety twice daily for 8 weeks. Compared to the control group (TM0), TM11 showed no significant difference in the weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) or feed conversion ratio (FCR), while all other TM inclusion groups presented different degrees of decline. There was no significant difference in the whole-body composition among all groups (P > 0.05). Plasma total protein (TP), triglyceride (TG) and albumin (ALB) contents were significantly decreased in TM55 and TM66 (P < 0.05). The highest plasma aspartate transaminase (AST) activity was observed in TM66 (P < 0.05). TM33, TM44 and TM55 showed the lowest activities of plasma alanine amiotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (P < 0.05). Moreover, increased mRNA levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were measured in the TM11 to TM55 groups, while intestinal SOD activity peaked in TM11 (P < 0.05). With the exception of TM11, the other TM inclusion groups showed significant inhibition of the relative expression of RelA, C3 and TNF-α (P < 0.05). All experimental groups exhibited lower expression of IL-10 than TM0 (P < 0.05). The TM11 group showed significantly upregulated expression of IL-1β and TGF-β (P < 0.05). In addition, TLR2 expression was increased in TM11 and TM22 (P < 0.05). Considering enzyme activities and immune-related gene expression, TM supplementation levels should not exceed 4% (TM11).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaze Gu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Hualiang Liang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Xianping Ge
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China; Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Dong Xia
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Liangkun Pan
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Haifeng Mi
- Tongwei Co., Ltd.; Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610093, China.
| | - Mingchun Ren
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China; Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China.
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Tao YF, Qiang J, Dagoudo M, Zhu HJ, Bao JW, Ma JL, Li MX, Xu P. Transcriptome profiling reveals differential expression of immune-related genes in gills of hybrid yellow catfish (Tachysurus fulvidraco ♀ × Pseudobagrus vachellii ♂) under hypoxic stress: Potential NLR-mediated immune response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:409-419. [PMID: 34687881 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fish gills are the primary organ that respond to sudden changes in the dissolved oxygen (DO) level in the aquatic environment. Hypoxic stress impairs the normal function of gill tissues. However, little is known about the mechanisms of the response of yellow catfish gills to hypoxic stress. In this study, we compared transcriptomic and physiological changes in gill tissues of hybrid yellow catfish (Tachysurus fulvidraco ♀ × Pseudobagrus vachellii ♂) between a hypoxia-treated group (DO: 1.5 mg/L) and a control group (DO: 6.5 mg/L). In fish in the hypoxia-treated group, gill filaments underwent adaptive changes, and the number of vacuoles in gill tissues increased. Exposure to hypoxic conditions for 96 h resulted in increased anaerobic metabolism and decreased antioxidant and immune capacity in gill tissues. Transcriptome analyses revealed 1556 differentially expressed genes, including 316 up-regulated and 1240 down-regulated genes, between fish in the hypoxia-treated and control groups. Functional analyses indicated that the main pathway enriched with differentially expressed genes was immune response, followed by energy metabolism and signal transduction. Under hypoxic stress, the transcript levels of genes involved in the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway initially increased rapidly but then decreased over time, suggesting that the NOD-like receptor-mediated immune response plays an essential role in hypoxia tolerance and resistance in hybrid yellow catfish. Our results provide novel insights into which immune-related genes and pathways are activated under hypoxic stress, and reveal details of early adaptation of the immune response and defense mechanisms under hypoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China.
| | - Jun Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China.
| | - Missinhoun Dagoudo
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Hao-Jun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Jing-Wen Bao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Jun-Lei Ma
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Ming-Xiao Li
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China.
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Liang H, Wu L, Hamunjo Chama MK, Ge X, Ren M, Chen X, Pan L, Xia D. Culture salinity modulates Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway and immune response of juvenile Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) (Oreochromis niloticus) under different dietary protein levels. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 117:220-227. [PMID: 34418553 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate that dietary protein levels and culture salinity levels affect the health status of juvenile genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus). Graded protein levels of six diets were prepared, ranging from 18.20% to 49.49% (dry basis), and were used in cultured GIFT at two salinity levels (0‰ and 8‰) for 8 weeks. The results suggested that appropriate protein levels reduced pro-inflammatory gene expressions in the intestine including interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mRNA levels at two salinity levels (P < 0.05). 8‰ salinity significantly decreased the expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) (P < 0.05). The anti-inflammatory factor interleukin 10 (IL-10) was significantly increased by 36.42% protein level (P < 0.05). Regarding antioxidant capacity, appropriate protein levels and 8‰ salinity significantly improved the antioxidant capacity of fish by regulating the activities of intestinal total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and the levels of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, appropriate protein levels and 8‰ salinity also significantly enhanced the antioxidant gene expressions associated with the Nrf2/keap1 signaling pathway by regulating the expression levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), GPx, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). According to GPx activities and the mRNA levels of IL-10, the optimum dietary protein levels for GIFT juveniles were 31.12%-32.18% (0‰) and 34.25-35.38% (8‰) based on second-degree polynomial regression analysis. The present study found that appropriate protein levels and 8‰ culture salinity are critical in maintaining the health of GIFT juveniles by improving antioxidant and immune capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualiang Liang
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Longhua Wu
- Tongwei Co., Ltd., Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610093, China
| | | | - Xianping Ge
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Mingchun Ren
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China.
| | - Xiaoru Chen
- Tongwei Co., Ltd., Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610093, China.
| | - Liangkun Pan
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Dong Xia
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China
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Effects of dietary methionine on growth performance, muscle nutritive deposition, muscle fibre growth and type I collagen synthesis of on-growing grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella). Br J Nutr 2021; 126:321-336. [PMID: 32718370 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520002998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the current research, a 60-d experiment was conducted with the purpose of exploring the impacts of methionine (Met) on growth performance, muscle nutritive deposition, muscle fibre growth and type I collagen synthesis as well as the related signalling pathway. Six diets (iso-nitrogenous) differing in Met concentrations (2·54, 4·85, 7·43, 10·12, 12·40 and 15·11 g/kg diets) were fed to 540 grass carp (178·47 (SD 0·36) g). Results showed (P < 0·05) that compared with Met deficiency, optimal level of dietary Met (1) increased feed intake, feed efficiency, specific growth rate and percentage weight gain (PWG); (2) increased fish muscle protein, lipid and free amino acid contents and improved fish muscle fatty acid profile as well as increased protein content in part associated with the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1)/S6K1 signalling pathway; (3) increased the frequency distribution of muscle fibre with >50 µm of diameter; (4) increased type I collagen synthesis partly related to the transforming growth factor-β1/Smads and CK2/TORC1 signalling pathways. In conclusion, dietary Met improved muscle growth, which might be due to the regulation of muscle nutritive deposition, muscle fibre growth and type I collagen synthesis-related signal molecules. Finally, according to PWG and muscle collagen content, the Met requirements for on-growing grass carp (178-626 g) were estimated to be 9·56 g/kg diet (33·26 g/kg protein of diet) and 9·28 g/kg diet (32·29 g/kg of dietary protein), respectively.
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Li HX, Qiang J, Song CY, Xu P. Acanthopanax senticosus Promotes Survival of Tilapia Infected With Streptococcus iniae by Regulating the PI3K/AKT and Fatty Acid Metabolism Signaling Pathway. Front Physiol 2021; 12:699247. [PMID: 34305652 PMCID: PMC8299465 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.699247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus has greatly restricted the development of healthy tilapia aquaculture. As a green and efficient feed addition, Acanthopanax senticosus (APS) has been increasingly used in culture, but it is unclear whether it represents a disease-resistant feed. Genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus) was fed with a feed supplemented with 0 (control), 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8‰ APS for 56 days, after which fish were injected with 5.9 × 106 CFU/ml Streptococcus iniae into the abdominal cavity. At 96 h after infection, the cumulative survival of GIFT in control and 0.5‰ APS treatments was significantly lower than in other treatments; at APS supplementation rates of 1 and 2‰, serum glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol contents were all significantly lower than in control treatment fish. Hepatic glycogen and triglyceride contents of 1‰ APS treatment fish were significantly higher than those in fish in control treatment. Transcription levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPAR), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) genes were upregulated, and their expression levels in fish in 1, 2, and 4‰ treatments were significantly higher than those in fish in control treatment at 96 h after S. iniae infection. After 96 h of infection, the red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and white blood cells of fish in 1‰ APS treatment were significantly lower than those of fish in 4 and 8‰ treatments; hepatic catalase activity was activated at 48 h, superoxide dismutase activity was also significantly upregulated at 96 h, and the malondialdehyde content significantly decreased. It is noted that 0.5–2‰ APS treatments significantly activated the expression of PI3K and AKT in the liver, while inhibiting the expression of Caspase-9. Therefore, feed with 1‰ APS can promote hepatic glycogen and lipid metabolism in GIFT after infection with S. iniae, which is beneficial to alleviating oxidative stress damage and cell apoptosis in liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xia Li
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Jun Qiang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Chang You Song
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
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Fu Y, Liang X, Li D, Gao H, Wang Y, Li W, Xu K, Hu F. Effect of Dietary Tryptophan on Growth, Intestinal Microbiota, and Intestinal Gene Expression in an Improved Triploid Crucian Carp. Front Nutr 2021; 8:676035. [PMID: 34222302 PMCID: PMC8247481 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.676035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) has received increasing attention in the maintenance of intestinal function. In this study, improved triploid crucian carp (ITCC) fed diets containing 6.35 g kg−1 Trp had higher average daily gain (ADG) and improved villus height (VH) and crypt depth (CD) in the intestine compared to the control group. To elucidate the potential mechanisms, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to investigate changes in the intestinal transcriptome and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to measure the intestinal microbiota in response to 6.35 g kg−1 Trp feeding in ITCC. Dietary Trp altered intestinal gene expression involved in nutrient transport and metabolism. Differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) were highly enriched in key pathways containing protein digestion and absorption and the AMPK signaling pathway. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that 6.35 g kg−1 Trp significantly increased the abundance of the genus Cetobacterium, and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio at the phylum level (P < 0.05). In addition, bacterial richness indices (Simpson index) significantly increased (P < 0.05) community evenness in response to 6.35 g kg−1 Trp. In conclusion, appropriate dietary Trp improves the growth performance, and influences the intestinal flora of ITCC. This study might be helpful to guide the supply of dietary exogenous Trp in ITCC breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Donghua Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenting Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Fangzhou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Hu Y, Feng L, Jiang W, Wu P, Liu Y, Kuang S, Tang L, Zhou X. Lysine deficiency impaired growth performance and immune response and aggravated inflammatory response of the skin, spleen and head kidney in grown-up grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella). ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:556-568. [PMID: 34258445 PMCID: PMC8245797 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This dissertation was primarily focused on the immune response, inflammatory response and molecular mechanisms in the skin, head kidney and spleen of grown-up grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Six iso-nitrogen diets differing in lysine concentrations (5.6, 8.5, 11.6, 14.4, 17.5 and 20.7 g/kg) were fed to 540 grass carp (164.85 ± 0.79 g) for 60 d. After that, grass carp were challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila for 6 d. This study revealed that lysine deficiency (1) suppressed the growth performance of the fish and decreased their ability to resist skin lesion morbidity, (2) impaired the immune organ's immune response by decreasing the gene expressions of mucin, liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP)-2B, β-defensin-1 and LEAP-2A and the production of antibacterial compounds of grown-up grass carp, and (3) aggravated the inflammatory response of immune organs in the fish by increasing the gene expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interferon γ2 [IFN-γ2], tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α], interleukin [IL]-15, IL-17D, IL-12p40, IL-6 and IL-8) and down-regulating anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-11, transforming growth factor β1 [TGF-β1], IL-10 and IL-4/13A), which were tightly correlated with signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 and STAT3 signaling pathway, respectively. The different phenomenon in the skin, spleen and head kidney of fish may be correlated with the difference in gene subtype. In addition, using quadratic regression analysis of percent weight gain (PWG), skin lesion morbidity, and the lysozyme activities in the spleen and head kidney, the dietary lysine requirements for grown-up grass carp were estimated to be 13.58, 13.51, 14.56 and 14.18 g/kg, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Hu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production, University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Weidan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production, University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production, University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production, University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Shengyao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production, University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Sichuan Province, China
- Corresponding author.
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36
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Hu B, Zhou J, Qiu H, Lai X, Li J, Wu D, Sheng J, Hong Y. Comparison of nutritional quality and volatile flavor compounds among bighead carp from three aquaculture systems. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4291-4299. [PMID: 34354411 PMCID: PMC8325028 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the differences in the nutritional quality of the muscles of bighead carp from different environments and aquaculture systems, we investigated three types of water bodies typically used for aquaculture: A common culture pond (NC), a natural lake (PY), and a cold water reservoir (XHK). Parameters affecting quality were evaluated, including muscle microstructure, fatty acid profiles, amino acid profiles, and volatile compounds. Fish from the XHK reservoir had the smallest muscle fiber diameter and the highest muscle fiber density (25.3 fibers/0.01 mm2), while muscle fiber density was lowest in fish from the NC pond (9.7 fibers/0.01 mm2). The bighead carp from the XHK reservoir had a much wider variety of unsaturated fatty acids, as well as higher levels of total polyunsaturated fatty acids. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid (AA) were all significantly more abundant in the XHK group, increases of 7.48%, 12.12%, and 17.49%, respectively (P < 0.05). The bighead carp from NC contained more “fishy” volatile flavor substances, as well as hydrocarbons with higher threshold values. Fish from XHK and NC had a greater umami intensity due to the presence of abundant volatiles with special aromas, including 1-Octene-3ol, DL-Menthol, and 2-ethyl-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beijuan Hu
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Resources and Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Huimin Qiu
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xinxin Lai
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Di Wu
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Resources and Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Junqing Sheng
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Resources and Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yijiang Hong
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Resources and Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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37
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Yang Q, Liang H, Maulu S, Ge X, Ren M, Xie J, Xi B. Dietary phosphorus affects growth, glucolipid metabolism, antioxidant activity and immune status of juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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38
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Cabanillas-Gámez M, Bardullas U, Galaviz MA, Rodriguez S, Rodriguez VM, López LM. Tryptophan supplementation helps totoaba (Totoaba macdonaldi) juveniles to regain homeostasis in high-density culture conditions. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:597-611. [PMID: 31820206 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00734-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-density culture brings with it chronic stress situations that affect fish welfare. In order to evaluate the effect of tryptophan (Trp) levels on the response to stress, Totoaba macdonaldi juveniles were stocked at low (13.5 kg m-3) and high (27.0 kg m-3) densities (32.5 and 56.4 kg m-3, respectively, at the end of the experiment) in 100-L tanks and fed for 63 days with experimental diets containing different Trp levels: control diet CD0.42 (0.42%) and three supplemented diets with 0.99, 1.55 and 2.19% (0.99Trp, 1.55Trp and 2.19Trp, respectively) (three tanks × density × diet). The high-density stocking fed with CD0.42 diets showed significantly increased blood parameters. Trp decreased catalase (CAT) activity in low- and high-density stocking, while the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity showed no difference. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) content decreased, and the serotonin turnover ratio (5-HIAA:5-HT) increased in the brains of fish fed with the CD0.42 diet. Indeed, Trp-supplemented diets helped to restore homeostasis in high-density growth conditions as evaluated by the hematological and plasma parameters as well as the serotonergic activity. When the fish were provided a diet containing moderate Trp levels, plasma cortisol increased under high-density conditions. However, no differences were observed among stock densities when totoaba were fed with the 2.19Trp diet. Notably, survival was unaffected by both Trp or densities, but weight gain (WG) decreased with the dietary Trp levels in the high density culture. In sum, Trp supplementation decreased the parameter values linked to stress response on totoaba juveniles cultured at high stock densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Cabanillas-Gámez
- Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada 3917, Playitas, Ensenada, 22860, B.C., México
| | - Ulises Bardullas
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada 3917, Playitas, Ensenada, 22860, B.C., México
| | - Mario A Galaviz
- Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada 3917, Playitas, Ensenada, 22860, B.C., México
| | - Sergio Rodriguez
- Unidad de Química en Sisal, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de Abrigo S/N, Sisal, Hunucma, 97356, Yucatán, México
| | - Verónica M Rodriguez
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Querétaro, 76230, Querétaro, México
| | - Lus M López
- Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada 3917, Playitas, Ensenada, 22860, B.C., México.
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Zhu HJ, Qiang J, Tao YF, Ngoepe TK, Bao JW, Chen DJ, Xu P. Physiological and gut microbiome changes associated with low dietary protein level in genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus) determined by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1000. [PMID: 32175701 PMCID: PMC7938414 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different dietary protein levels on the growth, physiological parameters, and gut microbiome of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus). Two pellet feed diets with low (25%, LPD) and normal (35%, NPD) protein levels were fed to GIFT in aquaria at 28°C for 8 weeks. The LPD reduced trypsin activity and inhibited the growth of GIFT. The serum alanine amino transferase and aspartate transaminase activities, hepatic malondialdehyde content, and superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities were significantly higher in LPD GIFT than in NPD GIFT (p < .05). The LPD led to decreased lysozyme activity and increased levels of C3 (p < .05). A 16S rRNA gene profiling analysis showed that the LPD significantly affected the gut microbial composition. Compared with the NPD, the LPD significantly decreased intestinal microbial diversity (p < .05). The macronutrient distribution affected the taxonomic profile of gut bacteria, mainly the phyla Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes. The LPD favored growth of the genus Bacteroides. The NPD appeared to increase the abundance of the genera Lawsonia, Romboutsia, and Sphingomonas. Our results showed that, compared with NPD GIFT, the LPD GIFT had weakened nonspecific immune function, altered microbial community structure, and decreased gut microbial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jun Zhu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Jun Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Yi-Fan Tao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Tlou Kevin Ngoepe
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Jing-Wen Bao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - De-Ju Chen
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
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40
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Song Y, Yan L, Jiang W, Xiao W, Feng L, Wu P, Liu Y, Kuang S, Tang L, Zhou X. Enzyme-treated soy protein supplementation in low protein diet improved flesh tenderness, juiciness, flavor, healthiness, and antioxidant capacity in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:213-230. [PMID: 31701282 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00710-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of enzyme-treated soy protein (ETSP) supplementation in low protein diets on growth performance as well as flesh sensory quality and healthiness in on-growing grass carp. A total of 540 on-growing grass carp (initial average weight 325.72 ± 0.60 g) were fed six diets, which included a normal protein diet (28% crude protein) and five low protein diets (26% crude protein) supplemented with graded levels of ETSP (0.0, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, and 2.0%). The results showed that reducing dietary protein by 2% decreased percentage weight gain, feed intake, and flesh flavor (aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine, and 5'-inosinic acid contents) and healthiness-related indices (linolenic acid (LA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) contents and polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids ratio). Under the condition of reducing dietary protein by 2%, 0.8-1.2% ETSP supplementation restored above parameters to levels equal or superior to those in 28% crude protein diet group. Although reducing dietary protein by 2% did not deteriorate flesh tenderness and juiciness, 0.8-1.2% ETSP supplementation in low protein diets also improved the two indices compared with 28% crude protein diet. Moreover, ETSP-improved flesh quality was partly related to increased muscle antioxidant enzymes activities and their mRNA levels. In addition, ESTP-enhanced antioxidant enzyme mRNA levels were partly associated with the upregulation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling. Collectively, 0.8-1.2% ETSP supplementation in low protein diets improved growth performance as well as flesh sensory quality and healthiness in on-growing grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - LiangChao Yan
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - WeiDan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- The Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - WeiWei Xiao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Chengdu Mytech Biotech Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610222, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- The Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- The Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- The Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - ShengYao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - XiaoQiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- The Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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41
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He P, Jiang WD, Liu XA, Feng L, Wu P, Liu Y, Jiang J, Tan BP, Yang QH, Kuang SY, Tang L, Zhou XQ. Dietary biotin deficiency decreased growth performance and impaired the immune function of the head kidney, spleen and skin in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 97:216-234. [PMID: 31857225 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary biotin deficiency on the growth performance and immune function of the head kidney, spleen and skin in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 on-growing grass carp (117.11 ± 0.48 g) were fed six diets containing increasing levels of biotin (0.012, 0.110, 0.214, 0.311, 0.427 and 0.518 mg/kg diet) for 70 days. Subsequently, a challenge experiment was performed by infecting them with Aeromonas hydrophila for six days. Our results showed that compared with the appropriate biotin level, (1) biotin deficiency (0.012 mg/kg diet) reduced the activities of lysozyme (LZ) and acid phosphatase (ACP), decreased the contents of complement 3 (C3), C4 and immunoglobulin M (IgM), as well as reduced the mRNA levels of antimicrobial peptides in the head kidney, spleen and skin of on-growing grass carp; (2) biotin deficiency reduced the mRNA levels of anti-microbial substances: liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP) -2A, LEAP-2B, hepcidin, β-defensin-1 and mucin 2 in the head kidney, spleen and skin of on-growing grass carp; (3) biotin deficiency increased the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p40, IL-15, IL-17D, tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interferon γ2 (IFN-γ2) partially in association with nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalling and reduced anti-inflammatory IL-4/13A, IL-10, IL-11 and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) mRNA levels partially in association with target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling in the head kidney, spleen and skin of on-growing grass carp. Interestingly, biotin deficiency had no effect on the expression of IL-12p35, IL-4/13B, TGF-β2, 4E-BP1 (skin only) or IKKα in the head kidney, spleen and skin of on-growing grass carp. In conclusion, the results indicated that biotin deficiency impaired the immune function of the head kidney, spleen and skin in fish. Finally, based on the percent weight gain (PWG), the ability to prevent skin haemorrhages and lesions, the LZ activity in the head kidney and the C4 content in the spleen, the optimal dietary biotin levels for on-growing grass carp (117-534 g) were estimated as 0.210, 0.230, 0.245 and 0.238 mg/kg diet, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng He
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiang-An Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bei-Ping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Qi-Hui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Zhao Y, Li JY, Jiang Q, Zhou XQ, Feng L, Liu Y, Jiang WD, Wu P, Zhou J, Zhao J, Jiang J. Leucine Improved Growth Performance, Muscle Growth, and Muscle Protein Deposition Through AKT/TOR and AKT/FOXO3a Signaling Pathways in Hybrid Catfish Pelteobagrus v achelli × Leiocassis longirostris. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020327. [PMID: 32019276 PMCID: PMC7072317 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: l-leucine (Leu) plays a positive role in regulating protein turnover in skeletal muscle in mammal. However, the molecular mechanism for the effects of Leu on muscle growth and protein deposition is not clearly demonstrated in fish. This study investigated the effects of dietary Leu on growth performance and muscle growth, protein synthesis, and degradation-related signaling pathways of hybrid catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli♀ × Leiocassis longirostris♂). (2) Methods: A total of 630 hybrid catfish (23.19 ± 0.20 g) were fed 6 different experimental diets containing graded levels of Leu at 10.0 (control), 15.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 35.0, and 40.0 g Leu kg-1 for 8 weeks. (3) Results: Results showed that dietary Leu increased percent weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate (SGR), FI (feed intake), feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER), muscle fibers diameter, and muscle fibers density; up-regulated insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), myogenic regulation factors (MyoD, Myf5, MyoG, and Mrf4), and MyHC mRNA levels; increased muscle protein synthesis via regulating the AKT/TOR signaling pathway; and attenuated protein degradation via regulating the AKT/FOXO3a signaling pathway. (4) Conclusions: These results suggest that Leu has potential role to improve muscle growth and protein deposition in fish, which might be due to the regulation of IGF mRNA expression, muscle growth related gene, and protein synthesis and degradation-related signaling pathways. Based on the broken-line model, the Leu requirement of hybrid catfish (23.19-54.55 g) for PWG was estimated to be 28.10 g kg-1 of the diet (73.04 g kg-1 of dietary protein). These results will improve our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for muscle growth and protein deposition effects of Leu in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jin-Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Fisheries Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-28-8629-1133
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Condensed tannins decreased the growth performance and impaired intestinal immune function in on-growing grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella). Br J Nutr 2019; 123:737-755. [PMID: 31831090 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519003295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of condensed tannins (CT) on intestinal immune function in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 healthy grass carp were fed six diets containing different levels of CT (0, 10·00, 20·00, 30·00, 40·00 and 50·00 g/kg diet) for 70 d and then challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila for 14 d. The results showed that, compared with the control group, dietary CT (1) induced intestinal histopathological lesions and aggravated enteritis; (2) decreased lysozyme and acid phosphatase activities, complement 3 (C3), C4 and IgM contents and down-regulated the Hepcidin, liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP)-2A, LEAP-2B, Mucin2 and β-defensin-1 mRNA levels in the proximal intestine (PI), mid intestine (MI) and distal intestine (DI) (P < 0·05); (3) down-regulated the mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, TGF-β2 (not in MI and DI), IL-4/13A (not IL-4/13B), IL-10 and IL-11 partly correlated with target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling; and (4) up-regulated the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 (not in PI), IL-12p35, IL-12p40, IL-15 and IL-17D partly related to NF-κB signalling in the intestine of on-growing grass carp. Overall, the results indicated that CT could impair the intestinal immune function, and its potential regulation mechanisms were partly associated with the TOR and NF-κB signalling pathways. Finally, based on the percentage weight gain and enteritis morbidity, the maximum allowable levels of CT for on-growing grass carp (232·22-890·11 g) were estimated to be 18·6 and 17·4 g/kg diet, respectively.
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Jiang WD, Chen L, Liu Y, Feng L, Wu P, Jiang J, Kuang SY, Tang L, Tang WN, Zhou XQ. Impact and consequences of dietary riboflavin deficiency treatment on flesh quality loss in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Food Funct 2019; 10:3396-3409. [PMID: 31112144 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01943f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fish is among the cheapest and most promising sources of animal protein. The main edible portion of fish is muscle. This study explored the impact of dietary riboflavin on fish flesh quality and showed the possible role of muscle antioxidant defense in flesh quality in relation to dietary riboflavin. On-growing grass carp (initial average weight of 275.82 ± 0.57 g) were fed diets containing graded levels of riboflavin (0.63, 1.95, 3.98, 6.02, 7.96, and 10.04 mg kg-1 diet) for eight weeks. The results indicated that compared with the optimal riboflavin levels (3.98 and/or 6.02 mg riboflavin per kg diet), riboflavin deficiency treatment (0.63 mg riboflavin per kg diet) significantly reduced the muscle nutrients, including the protein, lipid, flavor amino acid, and total essential amino acid contents. Furthermore, the muscle shear force, pH value, and hydroxyproline concentration were reduced, while the muscle cooking loss and lactic acid content increased (P < 0.05). Compared with optimal riboflavin levels, the riboflavin deficiency treatment increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl contents, while riboflavin treatments of 3.98-10.04 mg riboflavin per kg diet showed the lowest ROS and MDA contents (P < 0.05). Compared with the optimal riboflavin levels, the riboflavin deficiency treatment decreased the activities of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reduced the glutathione (GSH) content (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the relative mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes, including CuZnSOD, CAT, GR and GPx, and antioxidant-related signaling molecules, including NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and casein kinase 2, were down-regulated, while those of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1b were up-regulated (P < 0.05). Collectively, the present study indicates that riboflavin deficiency treatment reduces the flesh quality, partly due to inhibition of the antioxidant defense through the Nrf2 signaling pathway, while optimal riboflavin levels reverse these negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Chen J, Long L, Jiang Q, Kang B, Li Y, Yin J. Effects of dietary supplementation of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on growth performance, immune status, antioxidant capacity and selected microbial populations of weaned piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 104:1106-1115. [PMID: 31746060 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) are a complex mixture of highly branched and partially characterised polysaccharides and proteoglycans extracted from the goji berry. This mixture has great potential as a novel feed supplement for pigs. Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation with LBPs on the growth performance, immune status, antioxidant capacity and selected intestinal microbial populations in weaned piglets. In trial 1, a total of 400 weaned piglets [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average body weight (BW) of 6.34 ± 0.16 kg (21 days of age) were divided into five groups and fed a basal diet (control group) or a basal diet containing 1,000, 2,000, 4,000 or 6,000 mg/kg LBPs (supplemented at the expense of corn). Supplementation with 4,000 or 6,000 mg/kg LBPs for 2 weeks significantly increased the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of the pigs compared with the control group (p < .05). In trial 2, thirty-two 21-days-old weaned piglets (BW: 6.33 ± 0.11 kg) were allotted to a control group (fed with a basal diet) or an experimental group (basal diet containing 4,000 mg/kg LBPs). The experiment lasted for 14 days. Pigs fed LBP diets exhibited an increased ADG and ADFI, and a decreased diarrhoeal incidence compared with those fed the basal diets (p < .05). Supplementation with LBPs increased the serum IgG and IgM levels (p < .05). Dietary LBPs effectively promoted antioxidant defence properties through enhancing the activities of serum, liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), in addition to decreasing the malondialdehyde (MDA) content (p < .05). The addition of LBPs increased the amounts of Bacteroidetes in the ileum and caecum and the caecal contents of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. (p < .05), while decreased the populations of Escherichia coli and Firmicutes in the ileum and caecum (p < .05) compared with the control group. Our results suggest that dietary supplementation with LBPs can enhance growth performance, immune status and antioxidant capacity, and improve the intestinal microbial populations of weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Lina Long
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Baoju Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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Yu H, Liang H, Ren M, Ji K, Yang Q, Ge X, Xi B, Pan L. Effects of dietary fenugreek seed extracts on growth performance, plasma biochemical parameters, lipid metabolism, Nrf2 antioxidant capacity and immune response of juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:211-219. [PMID: 31499200 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dietary administration of some plant-derived substances have been proved of great economic value in aquaculture. In order to investigate the effects of dietary fenugreek seed extracts (FSE) on juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala), a feeding trial was conducted for 8 weeks. The results showed that final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and specific growth rate (SGR) were not significantly affected by dietary FSE levels. The whole body lipid contents of fish fed with 0.04%, 0.08% and 0.16% FSE diets were significantly lowered compared to the control group. Dietary FSE diets significantly affected plasma complement component 3 (C3), immunoglobulin M (IgM), albumin (ALB) and total protein (TP). The relative expressions of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP1) mRNA in the liver of fish decreased significantly with increasing dietary FSE levels from 0% up to 0.04%. FSE supplementation diets lowered the liver pro-inflammatory genes expressions by regulating tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) mRNA levels and increased anti-inflammatory genes expression by regulating transforming growth factor (TGF-β) and interleukin 10 (IL-10). FSE diets increased growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and target of rapamycin (TOR) mRNA levels from 0% up to 0.04%, 0.04% FSE diets significantly increased growth factor-1 (IGF-1) mRNA levels and S6 kinase-polypeptide 1 (S6K1) mRNA levels compared to the control group. 0.04% FSE diets significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and 0.08% FSE diets significantly increased catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, 0.16% FSE diets significantly increased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activities compared to the control group. Additionally, compared to the control group, 0.04% dietary FSE significantly up-regulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA levels and glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1) mRNA levels, at the same time, 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.08%, 0.16% FSE diets significantly down-regulated kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) mRNA levels. However, no significant effects were observed on copper zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) and manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD). Our study indicated that dietary FSE could improve plasma biochemical parameters, regulate lipid metabolism related genes, promote Nrf2 antioxidant capacity and enhance immune response of juvenile blunt snout bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Hualiang Liang
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Mingchun Ren
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China; Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China.
| | - Ke Ji
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Jiangsu Tianshen Co., Ltd, Huai'an, 223003, China
| | - Xianping Ge
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China; Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Bingwen Xi
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China; Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Liangkun Pan
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China
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Wang YL, Zhou XQ, Jiang WD, Wu P, Liu Y, Jiang J, Wang SW, Kuang SY, Tang L, Feng L. Effects of Dietary Zearalenone on Oxidative Stress, Cell Apoptosis, and Tight Junction in the Intestine of Juvenile Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella). Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11060333. [PMID: 31212760 PMCID: PMC6628422 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11060333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a prevalent mycotoxin with high toxicity in animals. In order to study its effect on juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), six diets supplemented with different levels of ZEA (0, 535, 1041, 1548, 2002, and 2507 μg/kg diet) for 10 weeks were studied to assess its toxicity on intestinal structural integrity and potential mechanisms of action. Our report firstly proved that ZEA led to growth retardation and body deformity, and impaired the intestinal structural integrity of juvenile grass carp, as revealed by the following findings: (1) ZEA accumulated in the intestine and caused histopathological lesions; (2) ZEA resulted in oxidative injury, apoptosis, and breached tight junctions in the fish intestine, which were probably associated with Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), p38 mitogen activated protein kinases (p38MAPK), and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) signaling pathways, respectively. ZEA had no influence on the antioxidant gene levels of Kelch-like ECH associating protein 1 (Keap1)b (rather than Keap1a), glutathione-S-transferase (GST)P1, GSTP2 (not in the distal intestine (DI)), tight junctions occludin, claudin-c (not in the proximal intestine (PI)), or claudin-3c (not in the mid intestine (MI) or DI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Fish Nutrition and safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Fish Nutrition and safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Fish Nutrition and safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Fish Nutrition and safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Shang-Wen Wang
- Tongwei Research Institute, Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu 600438, China.
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed. Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed. Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Fish Nutrition and safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Khan NA, Sharma J, Chakrabarti R. The study of ameliorative effect of dietary supplementation of vitamin C, vitamin E, and tryptophan on Labeo rohita (Cyprinidae) fry exposed to intense light. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1153-1165. [PMID: 30847628 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00626-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The stress ameliorating effect of dietary supplementation of vitamin C, vitamin E, and tryptophan on rohu Labeo rohita fry was evaluated. Rohu fry (1.1 ± 0.03 g) were cultured under five different feeding regimes: enriched with 0.08% vitamin C (D1), 0.02% vitamin E (D2), 1.42% tryptophan (D3), a combination of these three ingredients at similar doses (D4), and control diet (D5). Rohu fry of D5 were divided into two groups-exposed to experimental light (D5FL) and ambient light (114 ± 4 lx, D5AL). All fry (except D5AL) were exposed at light intensity of 3442 ± 648 lx. Feeding of rohu with enriched diets significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the survival rate and average weight. A 15-25% higher survival and 1.3-1.8-fold higher average weight were recorded in rohu fed with enriched diet compared to D5FL treatment. Supplementation of vitamin C in diet (D1) of rohu resulted in 4.1-fold and 6.9-fold higher nitric oxide synthase and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, respectively compared to the D5FL treatment. The tryptophan-enriched diet (D3) showed 5.8-fold higher melatonin and 4.4-fold lower cortisol levels in rohu compared to the D5FL treatment. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher nitric oxide synthase, GSH and melatonin, and lower cortisol, glucose, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, carbonyl protein, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase levels were found in D4 diet fed rohu compared to the other treatments. Reduced level of stress in D4 treatment resulted in best performance of rohu in terms of less swimming activity and higher survival and growth compared to the other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaz Alam Khan
- Aqua Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - JaiGopal Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Rina Chakrabarti
- Aqua Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India.
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Yang B, Jiang WD, Wu P, Liu Y, Zeng YY, Jiang J, Kuang SY, Tang L, Tang WN, Wang SW, Zhou XQ, Feng L. Soybean isoflavones improve the health benefits, flavour quality indicators and physical properties of grass carp (Ctenopharygodon idella). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209570. [PMID: 30699129 PMCID: PMC6353095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Health benefits, flavour quality indicators and physical properties were analysed after feeding grass carp graded concentrations of soybean isoflavones (SIF) (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 mg/kg) for 60 days. The results demonstrated that optimal dietary SIF supplementation improved the protein and total PUFA content, especially healthcare n-3 PUFA (C18: 3n-3, EPA and DHA), and increased the flavour-related free amino acid [especially umami amino acid] and 5'-inosine monophosphate content, improving the health benefits and flavour quality indicators in the muscle of grass carp. In addition, optimal dietary SIF supplementation (25 or 50 mg SIF/kg diet) enhanced some physical properties [water-holding capacity and tenderness] and increased the collagen content; however, it reduced cathepsin activity and apoptosis. SIF supplementation enhanced the glutathione content and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (except CuZnSOD) by regulating their gene expression. The gene expression could be regulated by NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling in the muscle of grass carp. We demonstrated that optimal dietary SIF supplementation elevated the health benefits, flavour quality indicators and physical properties of fish muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun-Yun Zeng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wu-Neng Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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50
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Liang H, Mokrani A, Ji K, Ge X, Ren M, Pan L, Sun A. Effects of dietary arginine on intestinal antioxidant status and immunity involved in Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathway in juvenile blunt snout bream, Megalobrama amblycephala. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 82:243-249. [PMID: 30125704 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study assessed the effects of dietary arginine on intestinal antioxidant status and immunity involved in Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathway in juvenile blunt snout bream. Fish were fed three practical diets with graded arginine levels (0.87%, 1.62% and 2.70%) for 8 weeks. Compared with the control group (0.87%), the counts of white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) and hemoglobin (HGB) content were significantly improved at dietary arginine levels of 1.62% (P<0.05). Plasma albumin (ALB) levels and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were significantly improved at dietary arginine levels of 1.62% and 2.70% (P < 0.05). Alanine transaminase (ALT) activity was decreased in fish fed with 1.62% dietary arginine level (P<0.05). Plasma glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) activities, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activities and glutathione (GSH) levels were significantly increased at dietary arginine levels of 1.62% and 2.70% (P<0.05). Plasma total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activities and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly improved in fish fed with 1.62% dietary arginine level. Significantly higher manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activity was observed in fish fed with 1.62% dietary arginine level compared with 2.70% dietary arginine level (P<0.05). 1.62% and 2.70% dietary arginine levels significantly lowered malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The relative expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was significantly increased in fish fed with 1.62% dietary arginine level, inversely, the relative expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) showed a converse trend. 1.62% and 2.70% dietary arginine levels significantly improved the relative expressions of Cu/Zn-SOD, GPx and CAT. Furthermore, 2.70% dietary arginine level significantly lowered the relative expression of Mn-SOD compared with the control group and 1.62% dietary arginine levels. The relative expressions of Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were lowered in fish fed with 1.62% dietary arginine level. 1.62% and 2.70% dietary arginine levels significantly improved the relative expressions of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Hematocrit (HCT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, interleukin 8 (IL-8) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) expressions were not significantly affected by the graded dietary arginine levels. These results suggest that the optimal dietary arginine level plays an important role in enhancing antioxidant and immune status to maintain the intestinal health of juvenile blunt snout bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualiang Liang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Ahmed Mokrani
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Ke Ji
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Xianping Ge
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Mingchun Ren
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Liangkun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Ajun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
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