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Mudaliar SB, Poojary SS, Bharath Prasad AS, Mazumder N. Probiotics and Paraprobiotics: Effects on Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis and Their Consequent Potential in Neuropsychiatric Therapy. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:1440-1464. [PMID: 38294675 PMCID: PMC11322360 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are clinical conditions that affect cognitive function and emotional stability, often resulting from damage or disease in the central nervous system (CNS). These disorders are a worldwide concern, impacting approximately 12.5% of the global population. The gut microbiota has been linked to neurological development and function, implicating its involvement in neuropsychiatric conditions. Due to their interaction with gut microbial communities, probiotics offer a natural alternative to traditional treatments such as therapeutic drugs and interventions for alleviating neuropsychiatric symptoms. Introduced by Metchnikoff in the early 1900s, probiotics are live microorganisms that provide various health benefits, including improved digestion, enhanced sleep quality, and reduced mental problems. However, concerns about their safety, particularly in immunocompromised patients, warrant further investigation; this has led to the concept of "paraprobiotics", inactivated forms of beneficial microorganisms that offer a safer alternative. This review begins by exploring different methods of inactivation, each targeting specific cellular components like DNA or proteins. The choice of inactivation method is crucial, as the health benefits may vary depending on the conditions employed for inactivation. The subsequent sections focus on the potential mechanisms of action and specific applications of probiotics and paraprobiotics in neuropsychiatric therapy. Probiotics and paraprobiotics interact with gut microbes, modulating the gut microbial composition and alleviating gut dysbiosis. The resulting neuropsychiatric benefits primarily stem from the gut-brain axis, a bidirectional communication channel involving various pathways discussed in the review. While further research is needed, probiotics and paraprobiotics are promising therapeutic agents for the management of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samriti Balaji Mudaliar
- Department of Public Health & Genomics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sumith Sundara Poojary
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Alevoor Srinivas Bharath Prasad
- Department of Public Health & Genomics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Nirmal Mazumder
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Ruiz AC, de Lara Machado W, D'avila HF, Feoli AMP. Intuitive eating in the COVID-19 era: a study with university students in Brazil. PSICOLOGIA-REFLEXAO E CRITICA 2024; 37:28. [PMID: 39052133 PMCID: PMC11272766 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-024-00306-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recurrence of weight gain is attributed to the homeostatic regulation of hunger and satiety signals, influenced by metabolic state, nutrient availability, and non-homeostatic mechanisms shaped by reinforced consequences from experiences. In response, Evelyn Tribole and Elyse Resch proposed Intuitive Eating (IE) in 1980, countering restrictive diets. IE, inversely correlated with Body Mass Index (BMI), binge eating, and anxiety/depression symptoms, fosters mind-body-food harmony by recognizing hunger and satiety cues. IE encourages meeting physiological, not emotional, needs, permitting unconditional eating, and relying on internal signals for food decisions. Amidst university students' stress, exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic, understanding their eating behavior, particularly intuitive eating levels, becomes crucial. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the IE level of Brazilian students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This cross-sectional study, the first to analyze the Intuitive Eating of students in Brazil during the pandemic, was conducted using an online questionnaire. RESULTS The sample comprised 1335 students, most of whom were women (82.17%), with a mean age of 26.12 ± 7.9 years, and a healthy nutritional status (57.58%). The mean IE score was 3.2 ± 0.6. A significant association was found between the confinement situation, the type of housing unit, and the IE subscale-Unconditional Permission to Eat (p = 0.043). However, there was no association between the other subscales and the total IE scale. Regarding self-reported mental and eating disorders, the most frequent were anxiety (21.2%), depression (6.5%), and binge eating disorder (BED) (4.7%). IE was negatively associated with BED (B = - 0.66; p < .001), bulimia nervosa (B = - 0.58; p < .001), body mass index (BMI) (p < .001) and self-reported anxiety (B = - .102; p = 0.16). The male sex showed a higher IE score compared with the female sex (p < .001). CONCLUSION While no significant association was found between IE and the confinement situation, a significant association was found between housing type and the Unconditional Permission to Eat subscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Corrêa Ruiz
- Postgraduate Program in Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681-Partenon, Porto Alegre, Brazil-RS, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Wagner de Lara Machado
- Postgraduate Program in Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681-Partenon, Porto Alegre, Brazil-RS, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Helen Freitas D'avila
- Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Av. Independência, 2293, Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil-RS, 96815-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Pandolfo Feoli
- Postgraduate Program in Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Ipiranga, 6681-Partenon, Porto Alegre, Brazil-RS, 90619-900, Brazil.
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Ferdous MZ, Islam MS, Kundu LR, Islam US, Banik R, Pardhan S. Patterns of eating behaviors, physical activity, and lifestyle modifications among Bangladeshi adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302571. [PMID: 38723060 PMCID: PMC11081215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several safety measures like movement restrictions, closure of educational institutions, and social distancing measures continue over the world including Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to examine the patterns of eating behaviors, physical activity, and lifestyle modifications among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic residing in Bangladesh. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed among 490 adolescents in Bangladesh from December 2020 to May 2021. The survey was carried out through a semi-structured web-based questionnaire that asked questions about socio-demographics (i.e., age, sex, marital status, education, residence), perceived health status and quality of life, anthropometrics (i.e., height, weight), dietary habits (i.e., frequency of eating, daily intake of certain foods, number of meals eaten daily), and physical activity (i.e., modified version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form [IPAQ-SF]), as well as, pre- and during COVID-19 information on stress, and sleep. RESULTS During the pandemic, 43.7% participants reported weight gain; and 23.5% reported an increased number of meals per day during COVID-19. Additionally, the participants' eating habits diverged from the local balanced diet principles and were more akin to 'unhealthy' eating patterns. Though, during the COVID-19 pandemic, physical exercise slightly increased (>3 times/ week: 8.2% vs. 13.5%; p<0.001) compared to pre-COVID-19 period, the screen time for entertainment increased drastically (>5 hours/ week: 12.2% vs. 27.3%; p<0.001). Compared to the pre-pandemic, a sizeable proportion of individuals experienced more physical tiredness, emotional exhaustion, irritation, and stress (p<0.001) during the pandemic. During the pandemic, 47.5% of participants experienced different sleep difficulties. CONCLUSIONS Although lockdowns and social distancing are important safety measures to protect people from COVID-19, findings reveal that they might cause a variety of lifestyle changes, physical inactivity, and psychological issues in Bangladeshi adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Most. Zannatul Ferdous
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Saiful Islam
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Centre for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Lakshmi Rani Kundu
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ummay Soumayia Islam
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rajon Banik
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shahina Pardhan
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, School of Medicine, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Kiran NS, Yashaswini C, Chatterjee A. Zebrafish: A trending model for gut-brain axis investigation. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 270:106902. [PMID: 38537435 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has ascended as a pivotal model organism in the realm of gut-brain axis research, principally owing to its high-throughput experimental capabilities and evolutionary alignment with mammals. The inherent transparency of zebrafish embryos facilitates unprecedented real-time imaging, affording unparalleled insights into the intricate dynamics of bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain. Noteworthy are the structural and functional parallels shared between the zebrafish and mammalian gut-brain axis components, rendering zebrafish an invaluable model for probing the molecular and cellular intricacies inherent in this critical physiological interaction. Recent investigations in zebrafish have systematically explored the impact of gut microbiota on neurodevelopment, behaviour, and disease susceptibility, underscoring the model's prowess in unravelling the multifaceted influence of microbial communities in shaping gut-brain interactions. Leveraging the genetic manipulability inherent in zebrafish, researchers have embarked on targeted explorations of specific pathways and molecular mechanisms, providing nuanced insights into the fundamental functioning of the gut-brain axis. This comprehensive review synthesizes pivotal findings and methodological advancements derived from zebrafish-based gut-brain axis research, accentuating the model's potential to significantly advance our understanding of this complex interplay. Furthermore, it underscores the translational significance of these insights, offering promising avenues for the identification of therapeutic targets in neuro-gastroenterological disorders and psychiatric conditions intricately linked with gut-brain interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelakanta Sarvashiva Kiran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Chandrashekar Yashaswini
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Ankita Chatterjee
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Kattigenahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India.
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Mukherjee A, Breselge S, Dimidi E, Marco ML, Cotter PD. Fermented foods and gastrointestinal health: underlying mechanisms. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:248-266. [PMID: 38081933 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Although fermentation probably originally developed as a means of preserving food substrates, many fermented foods (FFs), and components therein, are thought to have a beneficial effect on various aspects of human health, and gastrointestinal health in particular. It is important that any such perceived benefits are underpinned by rigorous scientific research to understand the associated mechanisms of action. Here, we review in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies that have provided insights into the ways in which the specific food components, including FF microorganisms and a variety of bioactives, can contribute to health-promoting activities. More specifically, we draw on representative examples of FFs to discuss the mechanisms through which functional components are produced or enriched during fermentation (such as bioactive peptides and exopolysaccharides), potentially toxic or harmful compounds (such as phytic acid, mycotoxins and lactose) are removed from the food substrate, and how the introduction of fermentation-associated live or dead microorganisms, or components thereof, to the gut can convey health benefits. These studies, combined with a deeper understanding of the microbial composition of a wider variety of modern and traditional FFs, can facilitate the future optimization of FFs, and associated microorganisms, to retain and maximize beneficial effects in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Breselge
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eirini Dimidi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maria L Marco
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Cork, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland.
- VistaMilk, Cork, Ireland.
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Savvopoulou N, Asimakopoulos K, Gourzis P, Jelastopulu E. Exploring the Psychological Impact of Quarantine: An Investigation into Eating Patterns, Emotions, and Loneliness During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Greece. Cureus 2024; 16:e58411. [PMID: 38756319 PMCID: PMC11098525 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The implementation of quarantine measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic presented challenges linked to adverse psychological effects, notably affecting individuals' eating patterns. This study aimed to investigate the eating patterns of individuals during lockdowns compared across sex, age, and income levels, and examine the influence of positive and negative emotions, as well as loneliness, on these patterns. METHODS A cross-sectional online study was conducted with 450 participants (aged 18-74 years old). One questionnaire about demographics, the Demographic Questionnaire, and three validated self-report scales (Eating Attitudes Test, comprising the Dieting, Bulimia, and Food Preoccupation, and Oral Control subscales, the Modified Differential Emotions Scale, and the UCLA Loneliness Scale) were employed. Convenience and snowball sampling were used. The data were collected between April and May 2021, primarily through social media platforms, such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. The survey questionnaire was shared via these platforms and users could answer if they wanted. Also, they were asked to send the questionnaire to their close contacts. Additionally, the survey questionnaire was distributed face-to-face to 80 participants. The statistical analyses included linear regression and mediation analyses. RESULTS Abnormal eating patterns (e.g. eating behaviors that tend to have signs of diet such as constant avoidance of fattening foods, the individual's involvement with becoming leaner, extreme control or preoccupation with food, overeating and purging methods) were identified in 25% of the 450 participants participated in this survey, aged 18-74 years. Moderate levels of negative/positive emotions and loneliness were predominantly reported. Female sex was significantly associated with abnormal eating patterns (p=0.010), particularly dietary behaviors (p=0.029). Negative emotions (p=0.032) and loneliness (p=0.001) emerged as predictive factors for overall eating patterns and bulimic behaviors. Negative emotions exhibited a direct correlation with eating patterns, while loneliness played a significant mediating role (p=0.032). Furthermore, the association between negative emotions and bulimia was partially mediated by loneliness (p=0.018). CONCLUSIONS This study underscores the pivotal roles of negative emotions and loneliness in shaping eating patterns during quarantine. Multilevel public health interventions are needed to address the negative effects of quarantine and pandemics in general. Screening tests for mental health in the school and job environments could highlight the need for shaping interventions, such as counseling, group empowerment, and family support in order to mitigate the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating behaviors and mental health in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolia Savvopoulou
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, GRC
| | | | - Philippos Gourzis
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, GRC
| | - Eleni Jelastopulu
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, GRC
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Mohammed Salah Gabal HA, Manzour AF. Lifestyle and eating habits changes among adults during COVID-19 era in Egypt: a population-based study. BMC Nutr 2024; 10:52. [PMID: 38504309 PMCID: PMC10949811 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-024-00852-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2019 recent Coronavirus is without a doubt one of the most complicated viruses to ever pose a threat to humanity. Numerous viral containment strategies forced sedentary behaviors and dietary changes that would-otherwise- increase the chances of acquiring non-communicable diseases. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the current study are to identify any changes in eating behaviors through the Mediterranean Diet Adherence in a sample of Egyptians throughout the COVID-19 era. METHODS A cross-sectional study was done on a sample of 205 Egyptians by an online self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included socio-demographic factors, self-reported weights and heights, a validated Arabic form of the well-known International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF), a validated Arabic version of 14-items Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), in addition to a section assessing dietetic changes. The data was then analyzed using the SPSS version 20 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). RESULTS The majority of the study sample were females (74.6%); had a high level of education (93.2%); and about 75% were married. Most of the participants were non-smokers, with around a 7% increased frequency of smoking after the COVID-19 pandemic. Fast food consumption was also reported by a major percentage of study participants (60%). Low Mediterranean Diet Adherence was found in 52.7%. Moreover, Physical Activity (PA) decreased to 61%. Moreover, there was a statistically significant increase seen in the participants' BMI as well as the number of sleeping hours (p = 0.001 and 0.043 respectively) after the pandemic. Both changed hunger sensation and any changes in physical activity were significantly associated with increased BMI (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS A substantial proportion of the participants showed unhealthy changes in their dietary habits as well as physical activity. Consequently, this calls for urgent public health policies and interventions to guard against the consequences of such unhealthy behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayat F Manzour
- Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Balasubramanian R, Schneider E, Gunnigle E, Cotter PD, Cryan JF. Fermented foods: Harnessing their potential to modulate the microbiota-gut-brain axis for mental health. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 158:105562. [PMID: 38278378 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, whole food supplementation strategies have been leveraged to target mental health. In addition, there has been increasing attention on the ability of gut microbes, so called psychobiotics, to positively impact behaviour though the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Fermented foods offer themselves as a combined whole food microbiota modulating intervention. Indeed, they contain potentially beneficial microbes, microbial metabolites and other bioactives, which are being harnessed to target the microbiota-gut-brain axis for positive benefits. This review highlights the diverse nature of fermented foods in terms of the raw materials used and type of fermentation employed, and summarises their potential to shape composition of the gut microbiota, the gut to brain communication pathways including the immune system and, ultimately, modulate the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Throughout, we identify knowledge gaps and challenges faced in designing human studies for investigating the mental health-promoting potential of individual fermented foods or components thereof. Importantly, we also suggest solutions that can advance understanding of the therapeutic merit of fermented foods to modulate the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Balasubramanian
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61C996, County Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Eoin Gunnigle
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D Cotter
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61C996, County Cork, Ireland.
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Yılmaz C, Ecem Berk Ş, Gökmen V. Effect of different stress conditions on the formation of amino acid derivatives by Brewer's and Baker's yeast during fermentation. Food Chem 2024; 435:137513. [PMID: 37774628 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of environmental stresses on the formation of amino acid derivatives by Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC 88 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC 79 were investigated. Fermentation was performed in model systems under different temperature, pH, alcohol, phenolic, and osmotic stress conditions, as well as in beer and dough. According to stress response molecules, yeasts were more affected by osmotic, temperature, and alcohol stresses. Both yeast strains increased the formation of kynurenic acid, tryptophan ethyl ester, tryptophol, and gamma-aminobutyric acid under osmotic stress conditions in model systems. Indole-3-acetic acid was found to be higher in the ferulic acid stress dough (262 µg/kg dry weight, d.w.) compared to the control dough (132 µg/kg d.w.) at the end of the fermentation. The results may enable the development of new strategies for designing novel foods with a desired composition of bioactive amino acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemile Yılmaz
- Food Quality and Safety (FoQuS) Research Group, Department of Food Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Şenel Ecem Berk
- Food Quality and Safety (FoQuS) Research Group, Department of Food Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Vural Gökmen
- Food Quality and Safety (FoQuS) Research Group, Department of Food Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkiye.
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Huang Y, Zhang J, You D, Chen S, Lin Z, Li B, Ling M, Tong H, Li F. Mechanisms underlying palmitic acid-induced disruption of locomotor activity and sleep behavior in Drosophila. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 276:109813. [PMID: 38070757 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The globally prevalent of sleep disorders is partly attributed to unhealthy dietary habits. This study investigated the underlying mechanisms of elevated palmitic acid (PA) intake on locomotor activity and sleep behavior in Drosophila. Our results indicate that exposure to PA significantly elevated Drosophila's daytime and nighttime locomotor activity while concurrently reducing overall sleep duration. Utilizing 16S rRNA sequencing, we observed substantial alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota induced by PA, notably, characterized by a significant reduction in Lactobacillus plantarum. Furthermore, PA significantly increased the levels of inflammatory factors Upd3 and Eiger in Drosophila intestines, and downregulated the expression of Gad and Tph, as well as 5-HT1A. Conversely, Gdh and Hdc were significantly upregulated in the PA group. Supplementation with L. plantarum or lactic acid significantly ameliorated PA-induced disruptions in both locomotor activity and sleep behavior. This supplementation also suppressed the expression of intestinal inflammatory factors, thus restoring impaired neurotransmitter-mediated sleep-wake regulation. Moreover, specific knockdown of intestinal epithelial Upd3 or Eiger similarly restored disrupted neurotransmitter expression, ultimately improving PA-induced disturbances in Drosophila locomotor activity and sleep behavior. These findings provide important insights into the intricate interplay between dietary components and essential behaviors, highlighting potential avenues for addressing health challenges associated with modern dietary habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Huang
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Dongdong You
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Shangqin Chen
- Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Zhongdong Lin
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Boyang Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Menglai Ling
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Haibin Tong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China.
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, PR China.
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11
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Wang C, Tan W, Liu X, He M, Zeng S, Sun M, Yan L, Li M, Zhan K, Wang K, Li Q. Habitual salt preference worsens blood pressure in hospitalized hypertensive patients with omicron infection under epidemic-related stress. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:134. [PMID: 38195459 PMCID: PMC10777613 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17633-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the synergistic effect of stress and habitual salt preference (SP) on blood pressure (BP) in the hospitalized Omicron-infected patients. METHODS From 15,185 hospitalized Omicron-infected patients who reported having high BP or hypertension, we recruited 662 patients. All patients completed an electronic questionnaire on diet and stress, and were required to complete morning BP monitoring at least three times. RESULTS The hypertensive group (n = 309) had higher habitual SP (P = 0.015) and COVID-19 related stress (P < 0.001), and had longer hospital stays (7.4 ± 1.5 days vs. 7.2 ± 0.5 days, P = 0.019) compared with controls (n = 353). After adjusting for a wide range of covariates including Omicron epidemic-related stress, habitual SP was found to increase both systolic (4.9 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.3-7.4] mmHg, P < 0.001) and diastolic (2.1 [95%CI, 0.6-3.6] mmHg, P = 0.006) BP in hypertensive patients, and increase diastolic BP (2.0 [95%CI, 0.2-3.7] mmHg, P = 0.026) in the control group. 31 (8.8%) patients without a history of hypertension were discovered to have elevated BP during hospitalization, and stress was shown to be different in those patients (P < 0.001). In contrast, habitual SP was more common in hypertensive patients with uncontrolled BP, compared with patients with controlled BP (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Habitual SP and psychosocial stress were associated with higher BP in Omicron-infected patients both with and without hypertension. Nonpharmaceutical intervention including dietary guidance and psychiatric therapy are crucial for BP control during the long COVID-19 period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Wang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 400042, Chongqing, China
| | - Wanhong Tan
- Chongqing Yuzhong District Daping Street Community Health Service Center, 400042, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Army Medical University, 400042, Chongqing, PR China
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100853, Beijing, China
| | - Miao He
- Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Army Medical University, 400042, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Shi Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Chongqing Banan District, 401320, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Maojie Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Seventh People's Hospital of Chongqing, 400054, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Lijuan Yan
- Department of Urology Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 400042, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Urology Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 400042, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Zhan
- Department of Urology Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 400042, Chongqing, China
| | - Kaifa Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Southwest University, 400715, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Qiang Li
- Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Army Medical University, 400042, Chongqing, PR China.
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12
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Bonmatí-Carrión MÁ, Rol MA. Melatonin as a Mediator of the Gut Microbiota-Host Interaction: Implications for Health and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:34. [PMID: 38247459 PMCID: PMC10812647 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the role played by melatonin on the gut microbiota has gained increasingly greater attention. Additionally, the gut microbiota has been proposed as an alternative source of melatonin, suggesting that this antioxidant indoleamine could act as a sort of messenger between the gut microbiota and the host. This review analyses the available scientific literature about possible mechanisms involved in this mediating role, highlighting its antioxidant effects and influence on this interaction. In addition, we also review the available knowledge on the effects of melatonin on gut microbiota composition, as well as its ability to alleviate dysbiosis related to sleep deprivation or chronodisruptive conditions. The melatonin-gut microbiota relationship has also been discussed in terms of its role in the development of different disorders, from inflammatory or metabolic disorders to psychiatric and neurological conditions, also considering oxidative stress and the reactive oxygen species-scavenging properties of melatonin as the main factors mediating this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Ángeles Bonmatí-Carrión
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, Mare Nostrum Campus, University of Murcia, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Envejecimiento, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria-Angeles Rol
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Biology, Mare Nostrum Campus, University of Murcia, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Envejecimiento, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria-Arrixaca, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
- Ciber Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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13
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Liang Y, Zhan X, Wei X, Zhong J, Deng J, Chen Y, Pan L, Zhang J, Li M, Huang R, Wang H, Sun Y. Study on the material basis and mechanism of Hemerocallis citrina Baroni on sleep-improvement using Drosophila activity monitoring, metabolomic, targeted screening and transcriptomic. Food Res Int 2023; 172:112562. [PMID: 37689837 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Daylily (Hemerocallis citrina Baroni, HC) is an edible plant and is traditionally considered with potential to improve sleep. Herein, based on the Drosophila activity monitoring, metabolome, targeted screening and transcriptome, the material basis and mechanism of HC on sleep-improvement was investigated. The results showed that the aqueous extracts of HC (HAE) as well as the ethanol extracts (HEE) all prolonged the total sleep time of insomnia fruit flies, especially HEE-60 and HEE-95 exhibited more significant effects. In addition, 539 of 728 found metabolites were screened as potential sleep-improved metabolites, and quercetin, linoleic acid, phenethyl caffeate, L-methionine and γ-aminobutyric acid were considered as core active metabolites. Meanwhile, 368 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were revealed by transcriptomics analysis, and the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction was deduced as the main pathway by KEGG pathway enrichment. Furthermore, nine DEGs located in this pathway, namely betaTry, deltaTry, gammaTry, epsilonTry, etaTry, iotaTry, lambdaTry, kappaTry and CG30031 were proven being up-regulated. All these results contribute to the development of HC-related functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Liang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhan
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wei
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jie Deng
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongchun Chen
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Luyi Pan
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Meiying Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Riming Huang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Yuanming Sun
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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14
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Meesakul P, Shea T, Wong SX, Kuroki Y, Cao S. Hawaiian Plants with Beneficial Effects on Sleep, Anxiety, and Mood, etc. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1228. [PMID: 37765036 PMCID: PMC10538232 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse chemical messengers are responsible for maintaining homeostasis in the human body, for example, hormones and neurotransmitters. Various Hawaiian plant species produce compounds that exert effects on these messengers and the systems of which they are a part. The main purpose of this review article is to evaluate the potential effects of Hawaiian plants on reducing pain and anxiety and improving sleep and mood. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in SciFinder, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Scientific Information Database between 2019 and 2023 to identify related articles. Results indicate that several Hawaiian plant species, such as M. citrifolia and P. methysticum, have medicinal properties associated with these effects. These plants have been used in traditional Hawaiian cultural practices for centuries, suggesting their potential to benefit human health and well-being. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the available evidence concerning the potential impacts of Hawaiian plants on sleep, anxiety, mood, and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornphimon Meesakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili St., Hilo, HI 96720, USA;
| | - Tyler Shea
- Chemistry Department, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili St., Hilo, HI 96720, USA;
| | - Shi Xuan Wong
- Delightex Pte. Ltd., 230 Victoria Street, #15-01/08 Bugis Junction Towers, Singapore 188024, Singapore; (S.X.W.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yutaka Kuroki
- Delightex Pte. Ltd., 230 Victoria Street, #15-01/08 Bugis Junction Towers, Singapore 188024, Singapore; (S.X.W.); (Y.K.)
| | - Shugeng Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai’i at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili St., Hilo, HI 96720, USA;
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15
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Huang H, Leung KSK, Garg T, Mazzoleni A, Miteu GD, Zakariya F, Awuah WA, Yin ETS, Haroon F, Hussain Z, Aji N, Jaiswal V, Tse G. Barriers and shortcomings in access to cardiovascular management and prevention for familial hypercholesterolemia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clin Cardiol 2023; 46:831-844. [PMID: 37260143 PMCID: PMC10436799 DOI: 10.1002/clc.24059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a hereditary condition caused by mutations in the lipid pathway. The goal in managing FH is to reduce circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and, therefore, reduce the risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Because FH patients were considered high risk groups due to an increased susceptible for contracting COVID-19 infection, we hypothesized whether the effects of the pandemic hindered access to cardiovascular care. In this review, we conducted a literature search in databases Pubmed/Medline and ScienceDirect. We included a comprehensive analysis of findings from articles in English related and summarized the effects of the pandemic on cardiovascular care through direct and indirect effects. During the COVID-19 pandemic, FH patients presented with worse outcomes and prognosis, especially those that have suffered from early ASCVD. This caused avoidance in seeking care due to fear of transmission. The pandemic severely impacted consultations with lipidologists and cardiologists, causing a decline in lipid profile evaluations. Low socioeconomic communities and ethnic minorities were hit the hardest with job displacements and lacked healthcare coverage respectively, leading to treatment nonadherence. Lock-down restrictions promoted sedentary lifestyles and intake of fatty meals, but it is unclear whether these factors attenuated cardiovascular risk in FH. To prevent early atherogenesis in FH patients, universal screening programs, telemedicine, and lifestyle interventions are important recommendations that could improve outcomes in FH patients. However, the need to research in depth on the disproportionate impact within different subgroups should be the forefront of FH research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Huang
- Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandFaculty of Medicine and Health ScienceDublinIreland
| | - Keith S. K. Leung
- Aston University Medical School, Faculty of Health & Life SciencesAston UniversityBirminghamUK
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Cardiovascular Analytics GroupChina‐UK CollaborationHong KongChina
| | - Tulika Garg
- Government Medical College and Hospital ChandigarhChandigarhIndia
| | - Adele Mazzoleni
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and DentistryLondonUK
| | - Goshen D. Miteu
- School of Biosciences, BiotechnologyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
- Department of BiochemistryCaleb University LagosLagosNigeria
| | - Farida Zakariya
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesAhmadu Bello UniversityZariaNigeria
| | | | | | | | - Zarish Hussain
- Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandMedical University of BahrainBusaiteenBahrain
| | - Narjiss Aji
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of RabatMohammed V UniversityRabatMorocco
| | - Vikash Jaiswal
- Department of Cardiology ResearchLarkin Community HospitalSouth MiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Gary Tse
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Cardiovascular Analytics GroupChina‐UK CollaborationHong KongChina
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic‐Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of CardiologySecond Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
- Kent and Medway Medical SchoolCanterburyUK
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16
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Xiong RG, Li J, Cheng J, Zhou DD, Wu SX, Huang SY, Saimaiti A, Yang ZJ, Gan RY, Li HB. The Role of Gut Microbiota in Anxiety, Depression, and Other Mental Disorders as Well as the Protective Effects of Dietary Components. Nutrients 2023; 15:3258. [PMID: 37513676 PMCID: PMC10384867 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of individuals experiencing mental disorders (e.g., anxiety and depression) has significantly risen in recent years. Therefore, it is essential to seek prevention and treatment strategies for mental disorders. Several gut microbiota, especially Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, are demonstrated to affect mental health through microbiota-gut-brain axis, and the gut microbiota dysbiosis can be related to mental disorders, such as anxiety, depression, and other mental disorders. On the other hand, dietary components, including probiotics (e.g., Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium), prebiotics (e.g., dietary fiber and alpha-lactalbumin), synbiotics, postbiotics (e.g., short-chain fatty acids), dairy products, spices (e.g., Zanthoxylum bungeanum, curcumin, and capsaicin), fruits, vegetables, medicinal herbs, and so on, could exert protective effects against mental disorders by enhancing beneficial gut microbiota while suppressing harmful ones. In this paper, the mental disorder-associated gut microbiota are summarized. In addition, the protective effects of dietary components on mental health through targeting the gut microbiota are discussed. This paper can be helpful to develop some dietary natural products into pharmaceuticals and functional foods to prevent and treat mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Gu Xiong
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Jiahui Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Jin Cheng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Dan-Dan Zhou
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Si-Xia Wu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Si-Yu Huang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Adila Saimaiti
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Zhi-Jun Yang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669, Singapore
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; (R.-G.X.); (J.C.); (D.-D.Z.); (S.-X.W.); (S.-Y.H.); (A.S.); (Z.-J.Y.)
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17
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Lima GPP, Costa VE, Nunes A, Basílio LSP, Borges CV, Monteiro GC, Minatel IO, Denadai JC, Orsi R, Vianello F, Maraschin M. Biogenic amines and stable isotopes in the quality and authenticity of honeys from Brazil. Food Chem 2023; 427:136702. [PMID: 37393636 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The identification of biogenic amines and some precursor amino acids and the adulteration through stable isotopes was carried out in 114 honey from different geographic regions in Brazil (states of São Paulo (SP) and Santa Catarina (SC)) as support for evaluating quality control and food safety. Serotonin was detected in all samples, while melatonin was quantified in 92.2% of honey from SP and in 94% of SC. l-Dopa, dopamine and histamine appeared at higher levels in honey from SP. Cadaverine, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, varied little according to botanical source. Three honey from the metropolitan region of SP were considered adulterated (C4SUGARS > 7%), 92 were authentic samples (C4SUGARS - 7 to 7%) and 19 unadulterated (C4SUGARS less than - 7%), with isotopic values of δ13CH and δ13CP > 7%. The data were important for differentiating quality as a function of biogenic amines and stable isotope technique was important in detecting honey adulteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima
- São Paulo State University, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Vladmir Eliodoro Costa
- São Paulo State University, Stable Isotopes Center, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Nunes
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Plant Morphogenesis and Biochemistry Laboratory, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Leticia Silva Pereira Basílio
- São Paulo State University, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristine Vanz Borges
- Health Sciences, Universidade Alto Vale do Rio do Peixe (UNIARP), Caçador, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gean Charles Monteiro
- São Paulo State University, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Otavio Minatel
- São Paulo State University, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Celia Denadai
- São Paulo State University, Stable Isotopes Center, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Orsi
- São Paulo State University, Center of Education, Science and Technology in Rational Beekeeping (NECTAR), College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Vianello
- University of Padua, Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Marcelo Maraschin
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Plant Morphogenesis and Biochemistry Laboratory, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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18
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Abed Alah M, Abdeen S, Selim N, Tayar E, Al-Dahshan A, Kehyayan V, AlDahnaim L, Bougmiza I. A Sociodemographic Analysis of the Impact of COVID-19-Related Schools' Closure on the Diet and Physical Activity of Children and Adolescents in Qatar. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2023; 13:248-265. [PMID: 37140850 PMCID: PMC10157550 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-023-00101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of the COVID-19-related closure of government schools in Qatar on children and adolescents' dietary habits and physical activities and associated sociodemographic factors. METHODS An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted between June and August 2022 utilizing the national electronic health records system in Qatar to extract a sampling frame of students enrolled in governmental schools, specifically targeting students in 3rd to 9th grades, stratified by sex and developmental stage. A stratified sampling technique was employed to randomly select a proportionate number of students from each stratum, and data were collected through telephone interviews with the parents of selected students. RESULTS A total of 1546 interviews were completed by the end of the study. Of the included sample, 845 (54.7%) were between 8 and 11 years of age (middle childhood), while the rest were 12-15 years old (young teens and teenagers). Male to female ratio was almost 1:1. We found a significant decrease in the intake of vegetables, increases in the intake of soft drinks, fried food, fast food, and sweets, and a reduction in physical activity during schools' closure compared to before. Higher parental educational levels, maternal employment, and having a positive family history of obesity and/or overweight in first-degree relatives were significantly associated with adverse lifestyle changes during schools' closure. CONCLUSION The trends of lifestyle changes reported in this study during the periods of COVID-19-related schools' closure were found to be going in a health-compromising direction. These results underscore the importance of implementing targeted interventions to promote healthy lifestyles during such disruptions and emphasize the need to address lifestyle changes beyond emergencies and outbreaks to mitigate potential long-term health consequences, including the increased risk of non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Abed Alah
- Community Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar.
| | - Sami Abdeen
- Community Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Nagah Selim
- Community Medicine Department, Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC), Doha, Qatar
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Elias Tayar
- Community Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Ayman Al-Dahshan
- Community Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Vahe Kehyayan
- Healthcare Administration Department, College of Business Management, University of Doha for Science and Technology, Doha, Qatar
| | - Layla AlDahnaim
- School Health Services and Programs, Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Iheb Bougmiza
- Community Medicine Department, Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC), Doha, Qatar
- Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Sousse University, Sousse, Tunisia
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Bartkiene E, Rimsa A, Zokaityte E, Starkute V, Mockus E, Cernauskas D, Rocha JM, Klupsaite D. Changes in the Physicochemical Properties of Chia ( Salvia hispanica L.) Seeds during Solid-State and Submerged Fermentation and Their Influence on Wheat Bread Quality and Sensory Profile. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112093. [PMID: 37297338 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the impacts of 24 h of either solid-state fermentation (SSF) or submerged fermentation (SMF) with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain No. 122 on the physico-chemical attributes of chia seeds (CS). Furthermore, this study examined how adding fermented chia seeds (10, 20, and 30% concentrations) affected the properties and sensory profile of wheat bread. Acidity, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) viable counts, biogenic amine (BA), and fatty acid (FA) profiles of fermented chia seeds were analysed. The main quality parameters, acrylamide concentration, FA and volatile compound (VC) profiles, sensory characteristics, and overall acceptability of the obtained breads, were analysed. A decline in the concentration of certain BA and saturated FA and an increase in polyunsaturated FA and omega-3 (ω-3) were found in fermented CS (FCS). The same tendency in the FA profile was observed in both breads, i.e., breads with non-fermented CS (NFCS) or FCS. The quality parameters, VC profile, and sensory attributes of wheat bread were significantly affected by the addition of NFCS or FCS to the main bread formula. All supplemented breads had reduced specific volume and porosity, but SSF chia seeds increased moisture and decreased mass loss after baking. The lowest acrylamide content was found in bread with a 30% concentration of SSF chia seeds (11.5 µg/kg). The overall acceptance of supplemented breads was lower than the control bread, but breads with 10 and 20% SMF chia seed concentrations were still well accepted (on average, 7.4 score). Obtained results highlight that fermentation with Lp. plantarum positively contributes to chia seed nutritional value, while incorporation of NFCS and FCS at certain levels results in an improved FA profile, certain sensory attributes, and reduced acrylamide content in wheat bread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bartkiene
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Arnoldas Rimsa
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Egle Zokaityte
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vytaute Starkute
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ernestas Mockus
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Darius Cernauskas
- Food Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Road 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - João Miguel Rocha
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Dovile Klupsaite
- Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilzes Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
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20
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de Oliveira Moura Araújo E, Gavioli EC, Holanda VAD, da Silva VC, Oliveira Nunes Messias TB, Dutra LMG, de Oliveira MC, Ramos do Egypto Queiroga RDC, Guerra GCB, Soares JKB. REPEATED DONKEY MILK CONSUMPTION REDUCES ANXIETY-LIKE BEHAVIORS AND BRAIN OXIDATIVE DAMAGE TO LIPIDS IN MICE. Behav Brain Res 2023; 449:114477. [PMID: 37150444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Donkey milk (DM) is a source of bioactive compounds that can benefit neural functioning. In the present study, we investigated the effects of DM consumption on anxiolytic-related, despair-like, locomotion and coordination behaviors, as well as the provision of protection from oxidative damage to lipids and proteins in brain tissues and melatonin plasma levels. To achieve this, male mice orally received DM (4g.kg-1) or vehicle for 18 days. Their behavior was assessed in the following tests: elevated plus maze (EPM), open field and rotarod tests (OF, RR) and forced swimming test (FST). Acute treatments with diazepam (DZP, 1.5mg.kg-1, v.o.), fluoxetine (FLX, 20mg.kg-1, i.p.) and nortriptyline (NTP, 20mg.kg-1, i.p.) were used as positive controls. On the eighteenth day, the animals were euthanized and brain tissue and blood were collected to measure oxidative damage, and melatonin plasma levels. Similar to DZP, repeated DM consumption reduced exploration to open areas in the EPM test. Under our experimental conditions, conventional antidepressants reduced immobility time in the FST, and the benzodiazepine treatment impaired motor coordination in mice. No significant differences in locomotion, motor coordination and despair-related behaviors were observed in the mice treated with DM when assessed in the EPM, OF, RR and FST, respectively. Biochemical assays showed that repeated DM exposition protected against oxidative damage to lipids and increased plasma levels of melatonin. These findings suggest consumption of DM may be a promising food for the treatment of anxiety-related disorders, without depressant effects on the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elaine Cristina Gavioli
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Centre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Valéria Costa da Silva
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Centre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Matheus Cardoso de Oliveira
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Biosciences Centre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Juliana Kessia Barbosa Soares
- Department of Food Engineering, Technology Centre, Federal University of Paraíba, Brazil; Center of Education and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil
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Keathley J, White J, Reid G. The Impact of Nutrition, Physical Activity, Beneficial Microbes, and Fecal Microbiota Transplant for Improving Health. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051124. [PMID: 37240769 DOI: 10.3390/life13051124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The recognition that microbes are integral to human life has led to studies on how to manipulate them in favor of health outcomes. To date, there has been no conjoint recommendation for the intake of dietary compounds that can complement the ingested organisms in terms of promoting an improved health outcome. The aim of this review is to discuss how beneficial microbes in the form of probiotics, fermented foods, and donor feces are being used to manage health. In addition, we explore the rationale for selecting beneficial microbial strains and aligning diets to accommodate their propagation in the gut. A pilot clinical trial design is presented to examine the effects of probiotics and exercise in patients with phenylketonuria (PKU); it is the most common inborn error of amino acid metabolism, and it is a complication that requires lifelong dietary intervention. The example design is provided to illustrate the importance of using omics technology to see if the intervention elevates neuroactive biogenic amines in the plasma; increases the abundance of Eubacterium rectale, Coprococcus eutactus, Akkermansia muciniphila, or Butyricicoccus; and increases Escherichia/Shigella in the gut, all as markers of improved health. By emphasizing the combined importance of diet, microbial supplements, and the gut microbiome, we hope that future studies will better align these components, not only to improve outcomes, but also to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Keathley
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jessica White
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia College, 1285 Western Road, London, ON N6G 1H2, Canada
| | - Gregor Reid
- Departments of Microbiology & Immunology and Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
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Onyenweaku E, Fila W, Akpanukoh A, Kalu M, Kamgain AT, Kesa H. The role of nutrition knowledge in dietary adjustments during COVID-19 pandemic. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15044. [PMID: 37035377 PMCID: PMC10065808 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge/awareness significantly influences people's dietary choices, lifestyle, and inadvertently their health outcomes; hence it is imperative that people have correct information with regards to food and health. This study was undertaken to establish the role of nutrition knowledge on dietary choices and habits of people in Calabar, especially after the hard COVID-19 lockdown, and to ascertain if there was any positive or negative effect on the lifestyle of the people. It consisted of a cross-sectional survey in Calabar, Cross River State - Nigeria. An online questionnaire was prepared after sample size determination and its content validated. The questionnaire was designed to obtain data on the socio-economic status, participants' lifestyle, and changes in dietary intake/health before and during the COVID-19 lockdown, while the questionnaire link was in circulation for 6 weeks (April/May 2021). Descriptive statistics was used to define the proportion of responses for each question and Pearson's correlation was used to check for association between variables. Most participants were undergraduates depending on parents/sponsors. Financial decline appeared to have contributed to a post lockdown decrease in food consumption. Many (82.6%) respondents recorded high nutrition knowledge scores (NKS) and 83.1% of the respondents had high health scores. The results show that NKS influenced the kind of foods the respondents consumed frequently and there was a positive correlation between NKS consumption of fruits/vegetables. NKS had effect on their access to healthy foods and it varied significantly with respondent's total health score. No association existed between NKS and the reason for skipping meal - 'lack of time to prepare meals'. Nutrition knowledge and proper awareness, contributed significantly in dietary choices (regardless of limited resources), thus ensuring adequate nutrition and reduced health problems (most respondents recorded high health scores) during a pandemic. This study affirms the effectiveness of adequate nutrition education and awareness in ensuring healthy dietary choices, promoting optimal health, and reducing risks of diseases.
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23
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Bioaccessibility of bioactive amines in dark chocolates made with different proportions of under-fermented and fermented cocoa beans. Food Chem 2023; 404:134725. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Valorization of Spent Brewer’s Yeast for the Production of High-Value Products, Materials, and Biofuels and Environmental Application. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9030208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Spent brewer’s yeast (SBY) is a byproduct of the brewing industry traditionally used as a feed additive, although it could have much broader applications. In this paper, a comprehensive review of valorization of SBY for the production of high-value products, new materials, and biofuels, as well as environmental application, is presented. An economic perspective is given by mirroring marketing of conventional SBY with innovative high-value products. Cascading utilization of fine chemicals, biofuels, and nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids released by various SBY treatments has been proposed as a means to maximize the sustainable and circular economy.
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Advances in the Role and Mechanisms of Essential Oils and Plant Extracts as Natural Preservatives to Extend the Postharvest Shelf Life of Edible Mushrooms. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040801. [PMID: 36832876 PMCID: PMC9956186 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
China has a large variety of edible mushrooms and ranks first in the world in terms of production and variety. Nevertheless, due to their high moisture content and rapid respiration rate, they experience constant quality deterioration, browning of color, loss of moisture, changes in texture, increases in microbial populations, and loss of nutrition and flavor during postharvest storage. Therefore, this paper reviews the effects of essential oils and plant extracts on the preservation of edible mushrooms and summarizes their mechanisms of action to better understand their effects during the storage of mushrooms. The quality degradation process of edible mushrooms is complex and influenced by internal and external factors. Essential oils and plant extracts are considered environmentally friendly preservation methods for better postharvest quality. This review aims to provide a reference for the development of new green and safe preservation and provides research directions for the postharvest processing and product development of edible mushrooms.
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Wu C, Wang Y, Sun H. Targeted and untargeted metabolomics reveals deep analysis of drought stress responses in needles and roots of Pinus taeda seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1031466. [PMID: 36798806 PMCID: PMC9927248 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1031466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of major environmental stresses affecting plant growth and yield. Although Pinus taeda trees are planted in rainy southern China, local drought sometime occurs and can last several months, further affecting their growth and resin production. In this study, P. taeda seedlings were treated with long-term drought (42 d), and then targeted and untargeted metabolomics analysis were carried out to evaluate drought tolerance of P. taeda. Targeted metabolomics analysis showed that levels of some sugars, phytohormones, and amino acids significantly increased in the roots and needles of water-stressed (WS) P. taeda seedlings, compared with well-watered (WW) pine seedlings. These metabolites included sucrose in pine roots, the phytohormones abscisic acid and sacylic acid in pine needles, the phytohormone gibberellin (GA4) and the two amino acids, glycine and asparagine, in WS pine roots. Compared with WW pine seedlings, the neurotransmitter acetylcholine significantly increased in needles of WS pine seedlings, but significantly reduced in their roots. The neurotransmitters L-glutamine and hydroxytyramine significantly increased in roots and needles of WS pine seedlings, respectively, compared with WW pine seedlings, but the neurotransmitter noradrenaline significantly reduced in needles of WS pine seedlings. Levels of some unsaturated fatty acids significantly reduced in roots or needles of WS pine seedlings, compared with WW pine seedlings, such as linoleic acid, oleic acid, myristelaidic acid, myristoleic acid in WS pine roots, and palmitelaidic acid, erucic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid in WS pine needles. However, three saturated fatty acids significantly increased in WS pine seedlings, i.e., dodecanoic acid in WS pine needles, tricosanoic acid and heptadecanoic acid in WS pine roots. Untargeted metabolomics analysis showed that levels of some metabolites increased in WS pine seedlings, especially sugars, long-chain lipids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. A few of specific metabolites increased greatly, such as androsin, piceatanol, and panaxatriol in roots and needles of WS pine seedlings. Comparing with WW pine seedlings, it was found that the most enriched pathways in WS pine needles included flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, ABC transporters, diterpenoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and flavonoid biosynthesis; in WS pine roots, the most enriched pathways included tryptophan metabolism, caffeine metabolism, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. Under long-term drought stress, P. taeda seedlings showed their own metabolomics characteristics, and some new metabolites and biosynthesis pathways were found, providing a guideline for breeding drought-tolerant cultivars of P. taeda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Wu
- College of Horticulture & Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Honggang Sun
- Institute of Subtropic Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, Zhejiang, China
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Silveira PTDS, Glória MBA, Tonin IP, Martins MOP, Efraim P. Varietal Influence on the Formation of Bioactive Amines during the Processing of Fermented Cocoa with Different Pulp Contents. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030495. [PMID: 36766023 PMCID: PMC9914241 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
During cocoa processing, there can be the formation of bioactive amines, which are compounds that play relevant roles not only in plant development but also in human health. Thus, we aimed to investigate the presence and levels of bioactive amines during the processing of two important varieties of cocoa (PS 1319 and Parazinho). The seeds were fermented using five different pulp proportions: 100% (E1), 80% (E2), 60% (E3), and 0% (total pulp removal) (E4). The beans were fermented and dried on a farm following traditional procedures. Soon after, they were roasted and processed into chocolates with 60% cocoa in the laboratory. Bioactive amine contents were determined by ion-pair reversed-phase HPLC and fluorometric detection in the samples before, during, and after fermentation, after drying and roasting (nibs), and in the liquor and chocolate. The only amines found before processing in PS 1319 and Parazinho, respectively, in dry weight basis (dwb), were putrescine (pulp, 13.77 and 12.31; seed, 5.88 and 4.58) and serotonin (seed, 2.70 and 2.54). Fermentation was shorter for Parazinho (156 h) compared to PS 1319 (180 h). The changes in amines were affected by the cocoa variety. During drying, the presence of cadaverine stood out, appearing in all treatments of the PS 1319 variety, reaching 17.96 mg/kg dwb, and in two treatments of the Parazinho variety (100 and 60% pulp). During roasting, most of the amines decreased, except for phenylethylamine, which increased up to 2.47 mg/kg dwb for Parazinho and 1.73 mg/kg dwb for PS 1319. Most of the amines formed and built up (e.g., tyramine, putrescine, and cadaverine) during fermentation were not available or were at low levels in the nibs. Most of the amines found during processing did not reach the final product (chocolate), except for cadaverine in PS 1319 without pulp (7.54 mg/kg dwb). Finally, we confirmed how pulp content, processing, and variety influence the content of bioactive amines in cocoa and chocolate. These changes can be better demonstrated through a heatmap and principal component analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Priscilla Efraim
- School of Food Engineering, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-19-35214006
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Motiwala ZY, Khan IR, Ahmad S, Abedi AJ. Dietary Changes among the Indian Population during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Indian J Community Med 2023; 48:137-141. [PMID: 37082413 PMCID: PMC10112769 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_521_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background After the COVID-19 outbreak, significant changes in lifestyle and dietary patterns were observed. There are many studies indicating lifestyle changes but very few pointing out the intricate changes in consumption of different food groups, so our aim is to analyze the same. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 450 participants between the age group of 18 and 60 years. A self-developed questionnaire with questions regarding the change in consumption of different food groups during the pandemic was circulated online among the urban population. Results It was observed that 46% participants turned down their consumption of fish and seafood and 48.2% participants lowered frozen protein consumption. 44.9% respondents increased their milk consumption and 41.8% reduced their intake of ice-creams. It was observed that 42.4% participants turned up their consumption of bread and buns and 47.3% of respondents increased their rice intake. It was further recorded that 39.6% and 40.9% participants raised their intake of sweets and chocolates and biscuits and cookies, respectively. 50% and 61.3% respondents ate more green leafy vegetables and fruits during the pandemic. There was a 53.3%, 46.9%, and 38.7% reduction in the consumption of hamburgers, pizza, and fried foods, respectively. Conclusion Majority of the participants have increased consumption of healthy foods like milk, fruits, vegetables, and nuts, while reduced the consumption of junk foods, carbonated drinks, and ice-cream. There has been a positive shift in the dietary pattern of the Indian population toward foods that help develop immunity despite its limited availability during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Y. Motiwala
- Third Year MBBS Student, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Isna R. Khan
- Third Year MBBS Student, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sameena Ahmad
- Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ali J. Abedi
- Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zong X, Wu J, Chen Z, He L, Wen J, Li L. Impact of Qingke (hulless barley) application on antioxidant capacity and flavor compounds of beer. J Cereal Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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30
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Alomari MA, Khabour OF, Alzoubi KH, Keewan E. Changes in dietary habits and eating behaviors during COVID-19 induced confinement: A study from Jordan. HUMAN NUTRITION & METABOLISM 2022; 30:200169. [PMID: 38620861 PMCID: PMC9659356 DOI: 10.1016/j.hnm.2022.200169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate dietary habits (DH) and eating behaviors (EB) among adults during confinement induced by COVID-19 in Jordan. Method In this cross-sectional study, an online survey designed to assess the change in DH and EB during April and May 2020 was distributed using various social media platforms. Results The survey was completed by a total of 1844 adult (18-72 years) participants from the public in Jordan. The results indicated an increase (42.5-61.8%) in most of the DH and EB examined in the current study in the majority of participants. Among these changes, they have increased (p < 0.05) the prevalence of fruit and vegetable, immune boosters, water, and hot beverage consumption, as well as decreased (p < 0.05) eating in restaurants and fatty food consumption, indicating a positive change. Conversely, a larger (p < 0.05) proportion of participants reported increased consumption of high-calorie food and late-night eating, indicating a risky behavior for obesity and subsequent chronic complications. Additionally, age, sex, obesity, education, income, and type of job appeared to contribute (p < 0.05) to changes in DH and EB. Overall, confinement caused by COVID-19 appears to compel adults to adopt a specific DH and EB. Although most of these changes were positive, some were negative. Conclusion This study provides essential information for designing subpopulation recommendations and developmental programs for adults under such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Alomari
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
- Department of Physical Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Esra'a Keewan
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
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Wang L, Wang S, Zhang Q, He C, Fu C, Wei Q. The role of the gut microbiota in health and cardiovascular diseases. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:30. [PMID: 36219347 PMCID: PMC9554112 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is critical to human health, such as digesting nutrients, forming the intestinal epithelial barrier, regulating immune function, producing vitamins and hormones, and producing metabolites to interact with the host. Meanwhile, increasing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota has a strong correlation with the occurrence, progression and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In patients with CVDs and corresponding risk factors, the composition and ratio of gut microbiota have significant differences compared with their healthy counterparts. Therefore, gut microbiota dysbiosis, gut microbiota-generated metabolites, and the related signaling pathway may serve as explanations for some of the mechanisms about the occurrence and development of CVDs. Several studies have also demonstrated that many traditional and latest therapeutic treatments of CVDs are associated with the gut microbiota and its generated metabolites and related signaling pathways. Given that information, we summarized the latest advances in the current research regarding the effect of gut microbiota on health, the main cardiovascular risk factors, and CVDs, highlighted the roles and mechanisms of several metabolites, and introduced corresponding promising treatments for CVDs regarding the gut microbiota. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on exploring the role of gut microbiota related metabolites and their therapeutic potential in CVDs, which may eventually provide better solutions in the development of therapeutic treatment as well as the prevention of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengqi He
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenying Fu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Aging and Geriatric Mechanism Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan Wei
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China ,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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Ghali H, Ghammem R, Baccouche I, Hamrouni M, Jedidi N, Smaali H, Earbi S, Hajji B, Kastalli A, Khalifa H, Maagli KB, Romdhani R, Halleb H, Jdidi F. Association between lifestyle choices and mental health among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274525. [PMID: 36206267 PMCID: PMC9543638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mental health is recognized as a critical component of public health Given the close relationship between mental health and life style and the importance of students as valuable human resources, the present study aimed at determining the relationship between life style and mental health among medical students in Sousse during COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional observational study in university students from the first to the fifth grade of the Faculty of Medicine of Sousse during the academic year 2020/2021. Data were collected anonymously via an online questionnaire published on the Facebook groups of each grade, on december 2020. The online survey consisted of three sections. The first one aimed to collect sociodemographic information. The second section of the survey addressed recent lifestyle choices and the third one assessed psychological distress using the French version of 12 items of The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). The significance level was considered 0.05. RESULTS Overall 147 were studied. Using the bimodal scoring, the total score was between 0 and 12, to evoke psychiatric disorders, we set the threshold of 4. For our sample, the median scale was 7 [4-9], and more than half of the students (68%; n = 100) had a score higher than 4. Psychiatric disorder was significantly more frequent in female students (73.3% vs 42.3%; p = 0.002). Higher GHQ-scale was found in younger students, foreigners, students who need more than 30 minutes to get to the faculty, unemployed students, and students of fifth grade. However, differences were not statistically significant. Regarding lifestyle choices, we found that physical inactivity, no smoking habits, no alcohol use, no illicit substance use, other substance use, changing in eating habits, and absence of coping methods of stress were higher in students with psychiatric disorders. However, this association was statistically significant only for physical activity (p = 0.016). The results of the regression analysis suggest female gender as an independent predictor of high GHQ-12 scores. Practicing physical activity was found as protective factor for psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSION Considering the vital role of medical students in providing and promoting community health, the need for more detailed planning and interventions to improve their life style and mental health is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hela Ghali
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Department of Prevention and Security of Care, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
- * E-mail:
| | - Rim Ghammem
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
- Department of Epidemiology, Farhat Hached Hospital, «LR19SP03», Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Imen Baccouche
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Hamrouni
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Nada Jedidi
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Smaali
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Souha Earbi
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Balkis Hajji
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Amina Kastalli
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Hind Khalifa
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | - Rawia Romdhani
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Heni Halleb
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Farouk Jdidi
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
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Abstract
Tunisia recorded the highest rate of COVID-19 positive cases and deaths in Africa but no studies assessed the impact of the pandemic on eating patterns as in the case of several countries. The objective of the present study was to investigate the perception of changes in food habits, appetite and body weight in Tunisian adults of both genders aged 20–74 years old. A cross-sectional study has been carried out with a non-probabilistic sampling method based on an online self-administered survey. Of overall 1082 adults included in the study, 57⋅8 % reported a change in their eating habits: 21⋅2 % an increase in their consumption of fresh fruits, vegetables, pulses, pasta and bread, while 36⋅6 % an increase of homemade cakes and biscuits, sweets, processed meat, sugary drinks and alcoholic drinks. In addition, tea, coffee and herbal tea have been reported as excessively consumed during the lockdown period. More than half experienced appetite variations (34⋅6 % increased appetite and 23⋅0 % appetite loss). Inequality detrimental to women was reported regarding eating habit changes (women consumed more unhealthier foods than men). Elderly subjects (over 60 years) were less likely to negatively change food habits in comparison with young adults (20–25 years), while ungraduated respondents were more prone to negatively change their food habits. Almost half reported weight gain. As the negative influence of the lockdown period on eating habits with the increase of obesity risk has been detected, health policy may be advised to focus on using mass media campaigns to promote healthy eating habits, in particular for illiterate and young people.
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Cao L, Du C, Zhai X, Li J, Meng J, Shao Y, Gao J. Codonopsis pilosula Polysaccharide Improved Spleen Deficiency in Mice by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Energy Related Metabolisms. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:862763. [PMID: 35559259 PMCID: PMC9086242 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.862763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Codonopsis Radix (CR) is an important traditional Chinese medicine used for the treatment of spleen deficiency syndrome (SDS). Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharides (CPP) in CR are considered to be responsible for tonifying the spleen function; however, the mechanisms of the polysaccharides have remained unclear. This study aimed to investigate the treatment mechanisms of CPP in SDS mice using a combinational strategy of 16S rRNA gene sequencing and targeted metabolomics. Here, studies demonstrated that CPP had invigorating effect in vivo in Sennae Folium-induced SDS in mice by organ indexes, D-xylose determination, gastrointestinal hormones levels and goblet cells observation. Antibiotic treatment revealed that the intestinal microbiota was required for the invigorating spleen effect of CPP. Furthermore, gut microbiota analysis found that CPP significantly enriched probiotic Lactobacillus and decreased the abundance of some opportunistic pathogens, such as Enterococcus and Shigella. The metabolic profile analysis of the colonic content revealed that 25 chemicals were altered significantly by CPP, including amino acids, organic acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates and carnitine etc., which are mainly related to “energy conversion” related processes such as amino acids metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and nitrogen metabolism. Spearman’s correlation assays displayed there were strong correlations among biochemical indicators-gut microbiota-metabolomics. In summary, these results provided a new perspective for CPP improving SDS by regulating energy metabolism related bacteria and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingya Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Changli Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiankuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jingyi Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yunyun Shao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianping Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Ayag N, Dagdemir E, Hayaloglu AA. Comparison of γ-aminobutyric acid and free amino acid contents of some common varieties of Turkish cheeses. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Oral Habits during the Lockdown from the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in the Romanian Population. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58030387. [PMID: 35334563 PMCID: PMC8950074 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58030387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic led to changes in population daily patterns. In order to adapt oral health promotion measures for future similar conditions, the main objective of the study was to assess changes in dental hygiene and eating and smoking habits during the government lockdown in Romania. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted immediately after the end of the lockdown and consisted of 800 adult subjects. Data collection was done via an online survey. Participants were divided into two groups: non-medical/dental practitioners (N-M/D group) and medical/dental practitioners (M/D group). Results: An increased use of dental floss from 27% (pre-lockdown) to 30.5% (during lockdown) was identified in the M/D group, while the manual toothbrush usage increased to 64.8% (during lockdown) from 61.7% (pre-lockdown) in the N-MD/group. No significant differences regarding toothbrushing frequency were observed in either group. A change in the number of daily snacks was identified in both groups (3–4 snacks per day: from 11% to 20.2% in the N-M/D group, from 13.1% to 22.2% in the M/D group). The consumption of sweets as a preferred snack was also noticed. A decrease of tobacco consumers was assessed in the lockdown period (from 66.6% to 60.4% in the M/D group, from 68.5% to 61.9% in the N-/M/D group). Conclusions: Oral habits were changed during the pandemic lockdown through the increase in the frequency of the consumption of snacks and sweets and the decrease in frequency of smokers. Only minor changes were observed in oral hygiene.
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Casas R, Raidó-Quintana B, Ruiz-León AM, Castro-Barquero S, Bertomeu I, Gonzalez-Juste J, Campolier M, Estruch R. Changes in Spanish lifestyle and dietary habits during the COVID-19 lockdown. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2417-2434. [PMID: 35129647 PMCID: PMC9279186 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-2019 pandemic forced many governments to declare the "to stay at home" which encouraged social distancing and isolation among citizens. The aim of this study was to assess the dietary and lifestyle habit changes that occurred during home confinement in Spain. METHODS An European online survey was launched in April 2020. This included 70 questions on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, dietary habits, including key Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) foods. A total of 945 Spanish adults from 1268 European that completed the online survey were included in the analysis. RESULTS Most of the Spanish participants adopted healthier dietary habits during home lockdown, which was translated to a higher MedDiet adherence. However, a negative impact on physical activity levels, sleep quality or smoking rates was observed. Low MedDiet adherence was associated with a higher risk of weight gain (OR = 1.53, CI 1.1-2.1; p = 0.016), while no snacking between meals reduced the risk by 80% (OR = 0.20, CI 0.09-0.45, p < 0.001) and eating more quantity, considering portion size, increased body weight gain risk almost sixfold more. CONCLUSION To conclude, although dietary habits were improved during home lockdown, certain unhealthy behaviours (e.g. increased snacking between meals, increased food intake, and an increase in sedentary behaviour) were increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Casas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Ana María Ruiz-León
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Mediterranean Diet Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Castro-Barquero
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Marta Campolier
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedic, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford Trauma and Emergency Care, Kadoorie Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Gryszczyńska B, Budzyń M, Grupińska J, Kasprzak MP, Gryszczyńska A. Nutritional Behaviors, Vitamin Supplementation and Physical Activity among Polish Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020331. [PMID: 35057512 PMCID: PMC8781166 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences, including social isolation, movement restrictions and work instability have altered many people’s nutritional behaviors and daily lifestyle. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on selected eating habits, physical activity and daily lifestyle changes of Polish adults (n = 145). The self-designed and anonymous questionnaire was available online from the 1 May 2021 to the 15 May 2021. In general, 60% of respondents declared that the COVID-19 pandemic did not affect their dietary habits, whereas 26% of surveyed individuals answered in the affirmative. The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on changing dietary habits was differentiated by age (Pearson’s χ2 = 12.604; p = 0.0134). The number of meals consumed by respondents per day differed across gender groups (Pearson’s χ2 = 9.653; df = 4; p = 0.0466). An increase in body weight during the COVID-19 pandemic was reported by 43% of women and 7.6% of surveyed men. Additionally, hybrid working women declared most often an increase in body mass independent of age, education level and living place. Moreover, the majority of respondents who reported the effect of the pandemic on changing dietary habits also declared more frequent sweets consumption. The study revealed that respondents who stated more frequent sweets consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic were more likely associated with an increase in body mass (OR = 6.75, 95% CI, 6.75–91.25). No increase in the consumption of vitamin D, C and Mg supplements and pickled products was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Gryszczyńska
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.B.); (J.G.); (M.P.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Magdalena Budzyń
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.B.); (J.G.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Joanna Grupińska
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.B.); (J.G.); (M.P.K.)
- Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Hospital Pharmacy, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Paulina Kasprzak
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.B.); (J.G.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Gryszczyńska
- Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, National Research Institute, 60-630 Poznan, Poland;
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OUP accepted manuscript. Nutr Rev 2022; 80:2002-2016. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Changes in the eating behavior of highly educated adults during the different stages of home confinement by COVID-19 in Iberoamerica. NUTR HOSP 2022; 39:1068-1075. [DOI: 10.20960/nh.04018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Madalı B, Alkan ŞB, Örs ED, Ayrancı M, Taşkın H, Kara HH. Emotional eating behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 46:264-270. [PMID: 34857207 PMCID: PMC8492000 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.09.745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background & aims The study aimed to evaluate emotional eating tendency of Turkish individuals during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The study comprised an online questionnaire and it was conducted from August to September 2020. The survey was distributed through social networks. Results A total of 1626 adults have been included in the study, aged between 18 and 65 years (69.6% females and 30.4% males). The average BMI of all participants was 24.4 ± 4.7 kg/m2, 6% were underweight, and 11.6% were obese. A total of 32.7% of the participants had an increase in appetite and 34.4% had a weight gain. It was found that most of the participants (75.7%) were emotional eaters at different levels. Emotional eating was more common in obese people (43.5%) than normal weight (33.5%) and underweight (18.4%) people. It was examined the increasing food intake according to the BMI, the obese increased the consumption of fresh vegetables, fruits, pastries, and, eggs; underweight increased the consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits, milk and, eggs. As in other countries, a weight gain was observed in the individuals. However, the participants resorted to emotional eating to cope with negative emotions such as depression, anxiety, and stress caused by the pandemic. Conclusions In this study, it has been provided preliminary data that can be used in future studies to determine the emotional eating behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Madalı
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Şenay Burçin Alkan
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Elif Didem Örs
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Meryem Ayrancı
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Havvanur Taşkın
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Hasan Hüseyin Kara
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Konya, Turkey.
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Abed Alah M, Abdeen S, Kehyayan V, Bougmiza I. Impact of staying at home measures during COVID-19 pandemic on the lifestyle of Qatar's population: Perceived changes in diet, physical activity, and body weight. Prev Med Rep 2021; 24:101545. [PMID: 34493967 PMCID: PMC8413097 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Countries worldwide imposed different swift protective measures such as movement restrictions and staying at home measures to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Despite the benefits gained from such measures in containing the spread of the infection, adverse lifestyle consequences happened. In this study we aimed to assess the impact of staying at home measures imposed during COVID-19 pandemic on dietary behaviors, physical activity, and body weight in Qatar's population. A population based cross sectional survey was conducted between December 2020 and February 2021 targeting adults ≥18 years. A total of 1408 participants completed the survey in four languages. Concerning the overall diet perception, 27.8%, and 33.2% perceived that their overall diet has become less healthy, or healthier respectively, since the start of staying at home measures. Almost half of all participants reported weight gain. Participants reported increased sitting/reclining time (1.94 h/day mean increase), screen times (2.05 h/day mean increase) with p < 0.001, and decreased exercise time (0.11 h/day mean reduction) with p < 0.001. The ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that the numbers of unhealthy dietary behaviors adopted by participants, and adverse changes in exercise, setting/reclining and screen times were significantly associated with weight gain. The results of this study indicate that peoples in Qatar have experienced adverse lifestyle changes with regard to their diet, physical activity, and body weight. More emphasis should be put on encouraging people to maintain healthy lifestyle behaviors during home confinement measures that might be imposed during any public health crises or any potential future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Abed Alah
- Community Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Sami Abdeen
- Community Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Iheb Bougmiza
- Community Medicine Department, Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC), Doha, Qatar
- Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Sousse University, Tunisia
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Canlı M, Çelik EE, Kocadağlı T, Kanmaz EÖ, Gökmen V. Formation of Bioactive Tyrosine Derivatives during Sprouting and Fermenting of Selected Whole Grains. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12517-12526. [PMID: 34652133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sprouting is a popular method in cereal processing because sprouted grains are accepted to have high nutritional value. The increased proteolytic activity by sprouting increases the free amino acids in grains. It was hypothesized that an increased amount of tyrosine can be utilized by microorganisms during fermentation to form higher amounts of bioactive tyrosine derivatives. Sprouting increased the tyrosine and tyramine contents considerably, but increases and decreases in l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) and dopamine were specific to the cereal. More tyramine, l-DOPA, and dopamine formation was observed during sourdough fermentation than that in yeast fermentation. As a result of the combined application of sprouting (48 h at 20 °C) and sourdough fermentation (36 h at 30 °C), the amounts of dopamine, l-DOPA, and tyramine found in rye were 27, 50, and 136 mg/kg, respectively. Cereal products rich in dopamine and l-DOPA can thus be produced as functional food ingredients with their positive effects on human health and mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Canlı
- Food Quality and Safety (FoQuS) Research Group, Department of Food Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ecem Evrim Çelik
- Food Quality and Safety (FoQuS) Research Group, Department of Food Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tolgahan Kocadağlı
- Food Quality and Safety (FoQuS) Research Group, Department of Food Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Evrim Özkaynak Kanmaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Artvin Çoruh University, 08100 Seyitler, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Vural Gökmen
- Food Quality and Safety (FoQuS) Research Group, Department of Food Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
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The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Poles' Nutritional and Health Behaviour and Quality of Life-A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010656. [PMID: 34682403 PMCID: PMC8535850 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, which has lasted for over a year, has affected everyone’s lives. It is interesting to examine how populations cope with the new situation and to learn about the impact of the epidemic on quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on changes in selected elements of lifestyle compared to the pre-pandemic period among adult Polish residents. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on selected features of quality of life was examined. It was found that, for some distinguishing factors (i.e., quality of life, health status and sleep quality), there were no statistically significant differences. Other distinguishing factors (i.e., ability to perform daily living activities, ability to work and personal relationships) were statistically different. Another part of the study was to assess changes in the frequency of consumption of specific food groups. The vast majority of respondents declared no changes in the frequency of consumption of selected food products. The majority of respondents declared that the COVID-19 pandemic did not cause a change in the frequency of drug use (i.e., cigarettes, alcohol and coffee).
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Almutairi A, Kalevaru CS. Lifestyle changes of attendees at primary health care centers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:3838-3844. [PMID: 34934689 PMCID: PMC8653433 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_930_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has affected many individuals in the past year through increased mortality, morbidity, and economic disturbances while also affecting individual lifestyles. Healthy lifestyle practices can reduce mortality and morbidity and improve quality of life. We aimed to identify daily lifestyle changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. To do so, we examined factors related to family, livelihood, and other associated changes. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional study was conducted among attendees visiting selected primary health care centers of Qassim province. The data was collected through direct interview method, and 365 individuals participated during the study period. Data was entered in SPSS version 21.0, and necessary statistical tests were applied. RESULTS Out of 365 individuals, 27.4% were male and 72.6% were female. There was a drastic decrease in the frequency of in-person shopping (74.2%) and a steep increase in online shopping (41.4%). The mean weight increase was 4.5 (SD = 3.09) kg. Telemedicine use was 43.6%. There was a statistically significant association found between male gender and fear about COVID-19 (P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS We noticed adverse lifestyle changes in the study population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health promotional measures and lifestyle modifications are still required to combat COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Almutairi
- Family Medicine Academy, Qassim Health Cluster, Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia
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Gu X, Zhao J, Zhang R, Yu R, Guo T, Kong J. Molecular Analysis of Glutamate Decarboxylases in Enterococcus avium. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:691968. [PMID: 34566904 PMCID: PMC8461050 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.691968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus avium (E. avium) is a common bacterium inhabiting the intestines of humans and other animals. Most strains of this species can produce gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) via the glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) system, but the presence and genetic organization of their GAD systems are poorly characterized. In this study, our bioinformatics analyses showed that the GAD system in E. avium strains was generally encoded by three gadB genes (gadB1, gadB2, and gadB3), together with an antiporter gene (gadC) and regulator gene (gadR), and these genes are organized in a cluster. This finding contrasts with that for other lactic acid bacteria. E. avium SDMCC050406, a GABA producer isolated from human feces, was employed to investigate the contribution of the three gadB genes to GABA biosynthesis. The results showed that the relative expression level of gadB3 was higher than those of gadB1 and gadB2 in the exponential growth and stationary phases, and this was accompanied by the synchronous transcription of gadC. After heterologous expression of the three gadB genes in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), the Km value of the purified GAD3 was 4.26 ± 0.48 mM, a value lower than those of the purified GAD1 and GAD2. Moreover, gadB3 gene inactivation caused decreased GABA production, accompanied by a reduction in resistance to acid stress. These results indicated that gadB3 plays a crucial role in GABA biosynthesis and this property endowed the strain with acid tolerance. Our findings provided insights into how E. avium strains survive the acidic environments of fermented foods and throughout transit through the stomach and gut while maintaining cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiancun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rongling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruohan Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Villodres GC, García-Pérez L, Corpas JM, Muros JJ. Influence of Confinement Due to COVID-19 on Physical Activity and Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Its Relationship with Self-Esteem in Pre-Adolescent Students. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:848. [PMID: 34682113 PMCID: PMC8534558 DOI: 10.3390/children8100848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Regular physical activity and good adherence to the Mediterranean diet are important for improving physical and mental health. Confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a lack of exercise and poor nutrition. Preadolescent mental health, specifically regarding self-esteem, may have been affected. This is particularly relevant between the ages of 10 and 14. The influence of total confinement due to COVID-19 on physical activity and Mediterranean diet adherence, and its relationship with self-esteem was studied in third-year primary school students and first-year secondary school students in the provinces of Granada and Malaga, Spain. Validated questionnaires were administered to evaluate physical activity (PAQ-C), Mediterranean diet adherence (KIDMED) and self-esteem (Rosenberg Scale). In the same way, the FAS III test was used to evaluate socioeconomic status and an ad-hoc questionnaire was developed to collect sociodemographic data and evaluate screen time. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 25.0 statistical software. During the period of total confinement, statistically significant differences were found between examined variables, according to sex, school year, school type, socioeconomic status and whether or not the participant had contracted COVID-19. These data were compared with those collected during a previous time period. Those with a low socioeconomic status and girls were most affected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José Joaquín Muros
- Department of Didactics of Corporal Expression, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (G.C.V.); (L.G.-P.); (J.M.C.)
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48
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Cheikh Ismail L, Osaili TM, Mohamad MN, Al Marzouqi A, Jarrar AH, Zampelas A, Habib-Mourad C, Omar Abu Jamous D, Ali HI, Al Sabbah H, Hasan H, AlMarzooqi LMR, Stojanovska L, Hashim M, Shaker Obaid RR, ElFeky S, Saleh ST, Shawar ZAM, Al Dhaheri AS. Assessment of eating habits and lifestyle during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic in the Middle East and North Africa region: a cross-sectional study. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:757-766. [PMID: 33198840 PMCID: PMC7804075 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520004547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread globally, forcing countries to apply lockdowns and strict social distancing measures. The aim of this study was to assess eating habits and lifestyle behaviours among residents of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region during the lockdown. A cross-sectional study among adult residents of the MENA region was conducted using an online questionnaire designed on Google Forms during April 2020. A total of 2970 participants from eighteen countries participated in the present study. During the pandemic, over 30 % reported weight gain, 6·2 % consumed five or more meals per d compared with 2·2 % before the pandemic (P < 0·001) and 48·8 % did not consume fruits on a daily basis. Moreover, 39·1 % did not engage in physical activity, and over 35 % spent more than 5 h/d on screens. A significant association between the frequency of training during the pandemic and the reported change in weight was found (P < 0·001). A significantly higher percentage of participants reported physical and emotional exhaustion, irritability and tension either all the time or a large part of the time during the pandemic (P < 0·001). Although a high percentage of participants reported sleeping more hours per night during the pandemic, 63 % had sleep disturbances. The study highlights that the lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic caused a variety of lifestyle changes, physical inactivity and psychological problems among adults in the MENA region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Cheikh Ismail
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, College of Health Sciences, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah27272, United Arab Emirates
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 2JD, UK
| | - Tareq M. Osaili
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, College of Health Sciences, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid22110, Jordan
| | - Maysm N. Mohamad
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amina Al Marzouqi
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, College of Health Sciences, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amjad H. Jarrar
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Antonis Zampelas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855Athens, Greece
| | - Carla Habib-Mourad
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Dima Omar Abu Jamous
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba I. Ali
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haleama Al Sabbah
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai19282, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hayder Hasan
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, College of Health Sciences, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah27272, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Lily Stojanovska
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain15551, United Arab Emirates
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne14428, Australia
| | - Mona Hashim
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, College of Health Sciences, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah27272, United Arab Emirates
- Nutrition and Dietetics Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Reyad R. Shaker Obaid
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, College of Health Sciences, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Samar ElFeky
- Community-Based Initiatives and Health for Older People, Department of Healthier Population, World Health Organization, Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Cairo7608, Egypt
| | - Sheima T. Saleh
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Department, College of Health Sciences, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zahieh A. M. Shawar
- Nutrition Department, Hebron Governmental Hospital, Ministry of Health, Hebron198, Palestine
| | - Ayesha S. Al Dhaheri
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain15551, United Arab Emirates
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49
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Lifestyle Changes among Polish University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189571. [PMID: 34574496 PMCID: PMC8469884 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Students worldwide have been impacted by nationwide safety closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic, creating an environment with loss of interaction with colleagues, social isolation, boredom, and economic uncertainty. Since university students were considered uniquely vulnerable to mental health problems even before the pandemic, this study aimed to investigate lifestyle and behavioral changes experienced by this population due to the epidemiological situation and their effect on their mental health. Data were collected via an online survey conducted among university students across Poland. The survey addressed recent lifestyle changes that were a result of the pandemic as well as psychological distress, symptoms of insomnia and symptoms of post-traumatic stress. The results indicate that protective factors include maintaining a daily routine, staying physically active, following a usual eating pattern and taking care of sleep hygiene. Changes in behavior contributing to poorer mental health included giving up a daily routine, neglecting meals, tidiness, hygiene as well as social relationships, changes in food intake, sleeping schedule, a decrease in physical activity and the onset of sexual dysfunctions. A history of psychiatric treatment and an increase in self-harm as well as an increase in alcohol and tobacco consumption were also found to be associated with psychological distress. Experienced lifestyle and behavioral changes and their impact on mental health were apparent throughout the obtained data, highlighting the need for psychological support in the studied population. Based on the results we were able to establish a list of protective and risk factors influencing the everyday life and psychological wellbeing of students amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, which could also be translated into life skills.
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50
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Vidal L, Brunet G, Curutchet MR, Girona A, Pardiñas V, Guerra D, Platero E, Machado L, González F, Gugliucci V, Ares G. Is COVID-19 a threat or an opportunity for healthy eating? An exploration of the factors that moderate the impact of the pandemic on eating habits in Uruguay. Appetite 2021; 167:105651. [PMID: 34400222 PMCID: PMC8990784 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In May 2020, Uruguay was one of the few Latin American countries that had managed to control the outbreak of COVID-19 without mandatory curfews or quarantines. However, several social distancing measures created a major disruption in different aspects of the daily life of Uruguayan citizens. In this context, the objectives of the present work were i) to identify changes in eating habits perceived by Uruguayan citizens as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic, and ii) to explore factors associated with different perceived changes on eating habits. A cross-sectional online study was conducted with 891 participants, recruited using an advertisement on Facebook and Instagram. Fifty-one percent of the participants indicated that their eating habits had changed since the detection of the first cases of COVID-19 in Uruguay. Large heterogeneity in the categorization of the changes existed: 45% of the participants regarded the changes as positive, 32% as negative and 23% as neither positive nor negative. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to study the influence of explanatory variables in the likelihood of belonging to groups who reported different changes in eating habits (no changes, positive, negative, or neither positive nor negative changes). Household income and reliance on instrumental and emotional support increased the likelihood of reporting positive changes in eating habits, whereas negative changes were associated with a reduction in household income due to COVID-19 and the coping strategies self-distraction and self-blaming. Insights for policy making to reinforce positive effects and minimize threats to healthy eating are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Vidal
- Sensometrics & Consumer Science, Instituto Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Facultad de Química, Universidad de La República, By Pass de Rutas 8 y 101 S/n, CP 91000, Pando, Canelones, Uruguay.
| | - Gerónimo Brunet
- Espacio Interdisciplinario, Universidad de La República, José Enrique Rodó 1843, CP 11200, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Rosa Curutchet
- Instituto Nacional de Alimentación, Ministerio de Desarrollo Social, Piedras 165, CP 11000, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alejandra Girona
- Departamento de Nutrición Básica, Escuela de Nutrición, Universidad de La República, Av. Américo Ricaldoni S/n, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Valeria Pardiñas
- Instituto Nacional de Alimentación, Ministerio de Desarrollo Social, Piedras 165, CP 11000, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Daniella Guerra
- Instituto Nacional de Alimentación, Ministerio de Desarrollo Social, Piedras 165, CP 11000, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Estefanía Platero
- Instituto Nacional de Alimentación, Ministerio de Desarrollo Social, Piedras 165, CP 11000, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Lucía Machado
- Instituto Nacional de Alimentación, Ministerio de Desarrollo Social, Piedras 165, CP 11000, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fernanda González
- Instituto Nacional de Alimentación, Ministerio de Desarrollo Social, Piedras 165, CP 11000, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Vanessa Gugliucci
- Espacio Interdisciplinario, Universidad de La República, José Enrique Rodó 1843, CP 11200, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gastón Ares
- Sensometrics & Consumer Science, Instituto Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Facultad de Química, Universidad de La República, By Pass de Rutas 8 y 101 S/n, CP 91000, Pando, Canelones, Uruguay
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