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Cruz KJC, de Oliveira ARS, Fontenelle LC, Morais JBS, de Sousa Melo SR, Dos Santos LR, de Sousa TGV, de Freitas ST, Henriques GS, Bordin S, Maia CSC, de Oliveira FE, Costa CHN, de Matos Neto EM, do Nascimento Marreiro D. Relationship Between Zinc, Selenium, and Magnesium Status and Markers of Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obesity Phenotypes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3449-3464. [PMID: 37957519 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03938-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to investigate the relationship between zinc, selenium, and magnesium status and markers of metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity phenotypes. This was a cross-sectional study with 140 women: metabolically healthy obese women (n = 35), metabolically unhealthy obese women (n = 28), and normal-weight women (n = 77). We have calculated the body mass index, waist-hip ratio, waist-height ratio and some adiposity indices. Additionally, we evaluated endocrine-metabolic parameters and estimated the dietary intake of energy, macronutrients, zinc, selenium, and magnesium. The mineral concentrations in plasma, erythrocytes, and urine were assessed. In obese patients, there was a significant decrease in dietary zinc, selenium, and magnesium intake per kilogram of body weight, as well as lower mineral concentrations in both plasma and erythrocytes. Additionally, these patients exhibited higher urinary mineral levels compared to the control group, regardless of whether they had healthy or unhealthy phenotypes. We observed a significant correlation between deficiencies in zinc, selenium, and magnesium and obesity-associated metabolic disorders, including dyslipidemias and redox status disturbances. This study highlights a connection between deficiencies in zinc, selenium, and magnesium and metabolic disorders linked to obesity, including dyslipidemias, alterations in redox status, and thyroid hormonal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyria Jayanne Clímaco Cruz
- Postgraduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Ana Raquel Soares de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Larissa Cristina Fontenelle
- Postgraduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Jennifer Beatriz Silva Morais
- Postgraduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Stéfany Rodrigues de Sousa Melo
- Postgraduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Loanne Rocha Dos Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gilberto Simeone Henriques
- School of Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 6627 Pres. Antônio Carlos Ave. Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Emídio Marques de Matos Neto
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
| | - Dilina do Nascimento Marreiro
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Campus Minister Petrônio Portela, Ininga, Teresina, Piaui, Brazil
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Kemp JA, Britto IK, Ribeiro M, Baptista B, Reis DCMV, Fonseca L, Correa Leite PE, Ribeiro-Alves M, Mafra D. Serum Magnesium Levels in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Is There a Relationship with Inflammation Status? Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1983-1990. [PMID: 37658221 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03829-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium (Mg2+) is a fundamental mineral that maintains cellular function, and low levels may be linked to inflammation in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This cross-sectional study evaluated the correlation between serum Mg2+ levels and the inflammatory status in patients undergoing dialysis. METHODS Two hundred patients with CKD [150 undergoing hemodialysis (HD), 50 (18) years; BMI 24 (4.8) kg/m²; and 50 patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD), 54 (17.7) years; BMI, 27.5 (7.3) kg/m²] were included. Serum Mg2+ levels were evaluated using a colourimetric test and commercial kit. Inflammatory markers were assessed by ELISA and multiplex bead-based assay. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated using thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. RESULTS The median serum Mg2+ levels were 2.3 (0.5) mg/dL, and 21% of patients presented Mg2+ deficiency (< 2.07 mg/dL or 0.85 mmol/L). We found no difference in Mg2+ serum levels between the two groups. A significant negative correlation was observed between serum Mg2+ levels and plasma hs-CRP (r =-0.17, p = 0.01), IL-8 (r =-0.35, p = 0.01), and MCP-1 (r =-0.31, p = 0.03) levels. CONCLUSION Mg2+ serum levels were negatively correlated with inflammatory status in patients with CKD on dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ann Kemp
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Isadora K Britto
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Marcia Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Beatriz Baptista
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Drielly C M V Reis
- Division of Nephrology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Larissa Fonseca
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Emilio Correa Leite
- Graduate Program in Science and Biotechnology, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves
- HIV/AIDS Clinical Research Center, National Institute of Infectology Evandro Chagas (INI/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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AlShanableh Z, Ray EC. Magnesium in hypertension: mechanisms and clinical implications. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1363975. [PMID: 38665599 PMCID: PMC11044701 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1363975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and death. Evidence suggests that Mg2+ depletion contributes to hypertension. It is estimated that 25% or more of the United States population experiences chronic, latent Mg2+ depletion. This review explores mechanisms by which Mg2+ influences blood pressure, modifying risk of hypertension and complicating its treatment. Mechanisms addressed include effects upon i) sympathetic tone, via the modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and N-type Ca2+ channel activity, influencing catecholamine release from sympathetic nerve endings; ii) vascular tone, via alteration of L-type Ca2+ and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity and prostacyclin release; iii) renal K+ handling, influencing systemic K+ balance and potentially indirectly influencing blood pressure; iv) aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex; and v) modulation of pro-hypertensive inflammatory processes in dendritic cells and macrophages, including activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and stimulation of isolevuglandin (IsoLG) production. Discovery of these mechanisms has furthered our understanding of the pathogenesis of hypertension, with implications for treatment and has highlighted the role of Mg2+ balance in hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evan C. Ray
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, UPMC and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Joshi A, Kaur S, Taneja SK, Mandal R. Review Article on Molecular Mechanism of Regulation of Hypertension by Macro-elements (Na, K, Ca and Mg), Micro-elements/Trace Metals (Zn and Cu) and Toxic Elements (Pb and As). Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1477-1502. [PMID: 37523058 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension (HT) is a medical condition arising due to increase in blood pressure (BP) prevalent worldwide. The balanced dietary intakes of macro-elements and micro-elements including Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Cu have been described to maintain BP in humans by regulating the osmolarity of blood, cells/tissues, prevention of generation of oxidative and nitrosative stress (OANS), and endothelial damage through their functioning as important components of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), antioxidant enzyme defense system, and maintenance of blood vascular-endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) functions. However, inadequate/excess dietary intakes of Na/K, Ca/Mg, and Zn/Cu along with higher Pb and As exposures recognized to induce HT through common mechanisms including the followings: endothelial dysfunctions due to impairment of vasodilatation, increased vasoconstriction and arterial stiffness, blood clotting, inflammation, modification of sympathetic activity and higher catecholamine release, increased peripheral vascular resistance, and cardiac output; increased OANS due to reduced and elevated activities of extracellular superoxide dismutase and NAD(P)H oxidase, less nitric oxide bioavailability, decrease in cGMP and guanylate cyclase activity, increase in intracellular Ca2+ ions in VSMCs, and higher pro-inflammatory cytokines; higher parathyroid and calcitriol hormones; activation/suppression of RAAS resulting imbalance in blood Na+, K+, and water regulated by renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone through affecting natriuresis/kaliuresis/diuresis; elevation in serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, decrease in HDL cholesterol due to defect in lipoprotein metabolism. The present study recommends the need to review simple dietary mineral intervention studies/supplementation trials before keeping their individual dietary excess intakes/exposures in consideration because their interactions lead to elevation and fall of their concentrations in body affecting onset of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Joshi
- PG Department of Biotechnology and Microbial Biotechnology, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Sector-26, Chandigarh, UT, India
| | - Sukhbir Kaur
- Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh, UT, India
| | | | - Reshu Mandal
- PG Department of Zoology, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Sector-26, Chandigarh, UT, India.
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Souza ACR, Vasconcelos AR, Dias DD, Komoni G, Name JJ. The Integral Role of Magnesium in Muscle Integrity and Aging: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:5127. [PMID: 38140385 PMCID: PMC10745813 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by significant physiological changes, with the degree of decline varying significantly among individuals. The preservation of intrinsic capacity over the course of an individual's lifespan is fundamental for healthy aging. Locomotion, which entails the capacity for independent movement, is intricately connected with various dimensions of human life, including cognition, vitality, sensory perception, and psychological well-being. Notably, skeletal muscle functions as a pivotal nexus within this intricate framework. Any perturbation in its functionality can manifest as compromised physical performance and an elevated susceptibility to frailty. Magnesium is an essential mineral that plays a central role in approximately 800 biochemical reactions within the human body. Its distinctive physical and chemical attributes render it an indispensable stabilizing factor in the orchestration of diverse cellular reactions and organelle functions, thereby rendering it irreplaceable in processes directly impacting muscle health. This narrative review offers a comprehensive exploration of the pivotal role played by magnesium in maintaining skeletal muscle integrity, emphasizing the critical importance of maintaining optimal magnesium levels for promoting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - José João Name
- Kilyos Assessoria, Cursos e Palestras, São Paulo 01311-100, Brazil; (A.C.R.S.); (A.R.V.); (D.D.D.); (G.K.)
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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Lin W, Tang Y, Chen L, Gao Y, Gao G, Luo X, Chen A, Lin C. Role of magnesium-L-Threonate in alleviating skin/muscle incision and retraction induced mechanical allodynia and anxiodepressive-like behaviors in male rats. Brain Res 2023; 1817:148476. [PMID: 37406874 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) and its emotional comorbidities poses health burden to patients who have received the surgical treatment. However, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Emerging studies indicate that magnesium deficiency is associated with neurological diseases, and magnesium supplement confers protection under these disease conditions. In this study, we examined the role and mechanism of magnesium deficiency in the pathology of surgery-induced allodynia and negative emotion using a rat model of skin/muscle incision and retraction (SMIR) and investigated the therapeutic effects of magnesium supplementation by oral magnesium-L-Threonate (L-TAMS) in SMIR-injured rats. In the SMIR model, rats developed mechanical allodynia and anxiodepressive-like behaviors. Further, SMIR caused microglia and astrocyte activation and enhanced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Importantly, magnesium ion (Mg2+) levels decreased in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of SMIR-injured rats, which exhibited high correlation with pain and emotion behavioral phenotypes in these rats. Repeated oral administration of L-TAMS increased serum and CSF levels of Mg2+ in SMIR-injured rats. Notably, L-TAMS administration reversed SMIR-induced mechanical allodynia and anxiodepressive-like behaviors but did not affect pain and emotional behaviors in sham rats. Moreover, L-TAMS administration suppressed SMIR-caused glial activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression in the ACC but had no such effect in sham rats. Together, our study demonstrates the contributing role of magnesium deficiency in the pathology of surgery-induced chronic pain and negative emotion. Moreover, we suggest that L-TAMS might be a novel approach to treat CPSP and its emotional comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Yimeng Zhang
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Guangcheng Gao
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, China.
| | - Aiqin Chen
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China.
| | - Chun Lin
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, China; Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China.
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Schwenger KJP, Ghorbani Y, Rezaei K, Fischer SE, Jackson TD, Okrainec A, Allard JP. Relationship between dietary intake components and hepatic fibrosis in those with obesity before and 1 year after bariatric surgery. Nutrition 2023; 114:112095. [PMID: 37437418 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is highly prevalent in the bariatric population but not all patients develop liver fibrosis. Considering that fibrosis may affect clinical outcomes, it is important to assess and treat contributing factors. In this population, it is not clear whether dietary intake is a contributor. The objective was to determine the relationship between dietary intake components and liver fibrosis before and 1 y after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). METHODS This was a prospective cross-sectional (n = 133) study conducted between 2013 and 2022. In addition, a subgroup of 44 patients were followed for 1 y post-RYGB. Anthropometrics, biochemical measurements, and 3-d food records and liver biopsies were obtained presurgery and, in a subgroup of patients, as for the cohort, 1 y post-RYGB. RESULTS In the cross-sectional study, 78.2% were female, with a median age of 48 y and body mass index of 46.8 kg/m2; 33.8% had type 2 diabetes mellitus and 57.1% had metabolic syndrome. In a multivariate analysis, age (odds ratio; 95% CI) (1.076; 1.014-1.141), alanine transaminase (1.068; 1.025-1.112), calorie intake (1.001; 1.000-1.002), and dietary copper (0.127; 0.022-0.752) were independently associated with fibrosis (<0.05). At 1 y post-RYGB, no independent risk factors were associated with persistent fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS In bariatric patients before surgery, higher age, alanine transaminase, and total calorie and lower copper intakes were independent risk factors associated with liver fibrosis. These relationships were no longer observed after RYGB, likely due to the effect of surgery on weight and similar postsurgery diet among patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasaman Ghorbani
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kuorosh Rezaei
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sandra E Fischer
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Timothy D Jackson
- Division of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of General Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allan Okrainec
- Division of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of General Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Johane P Allard
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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8
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Ashique S, Kumar S, Hussain A, Mishra N, Garg A, Gowda BHJ, Farid A, Gupta G, Dua K, Taghizadeh-Hesary F. A narrative review on the role of magnesium in immune regulation, inflammation, infectious diseases, and cancer. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2023; 42:74. [PMID: 37501216 PMCID: PMC10375690 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00423-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium (Mg) has gained much importance recently because of its unique range of biological functions. It is one of the most significant micronutrients in biological systems. This review aims to outline the immune-regulating actions of Mg and its crucial role in regulating inflammation and immune response to infectious agents and malignancies. METHODS We conducted a literature review on MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science to determine the impact of Mg on immune regulation in three settings of inflammation, infection, and cancer. We thoroughly examined all abstracts and full-text articles and selected the most relevant ones for inclusion in this review. RESULTS Mg has long been associated with immunological responses, both nonspecific and specific. It plays a pivotal role in diverse immune responses by participating in multiple mechanisms. It facilitates substance P binding to lymphoblasts, promotes T helper, B cell, and macrophage responses to lymphokines, and facilitates antibody-dependent cytolysis and immune cell adherence. Besides, Mg serves as a cofactor for C'3 convertase and immunoglobulin synthesis. It additionally boasts a significant anti-cancer effect. Chronic Mg deficiency leads to enhanced baseline inflammation associated with oxidative stress, related to various age-associated morbidities. A deficiency of Mg in rodents has been observed to impact the cell-mediated immunity and synthesis of IgG adversely. This deficiency can lead to various complications, such as lymphoma, histaminosis, hypereosinophilia, increased levels of IgE, and atrophy of the thymus. The immunological consequences of Mg deficiency in humans can be influenced by the genetic regulation of Mg levels in blood cells. Mg can also mediate cell cycle progression. There has been a renewed interest in the physiology and therapeutic efficacy of Mg. However, the in-depth mechanisms, their clinical significance, and their importance in malignancies and inflammatory disorders still need to be clarified. CONCLUSIONS Mg is essential for optimal immune function and regulating inflammation. Deficiency in Mg can lead to temporary or long-term immune dysfunction. A balanced diet usually provides sufficient Mg, but supplementation may be necessary in some cases. Excessive supplementation can have negative impacts on immune function and should be avoided. This review provides an update on the importance of Mg in an immune response against cancer cells and infectious agents and how it regulates inflammation, oxidative stress, cell progression, differentiation, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pandaveswar School of Pharmacy, Pandaveswar, West Bengal, 713378, India
| | - Shubneesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Bharat Institute of Technology (BIT), Meerut, 250103, UP, India
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neeraj Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh (AUMP), Gwalior, MP, 474005, India
| | - Ashish Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Guru Ramdas Khalsa Institute of Science and Technology (Pharmacy), Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - B H Jaswanth Gowda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Arshad Farid
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Oost LJ, Tack CJ, de Baaij JHF. Hypomagnesemia and Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes. Endocr Rev 2022; 44:357-378. [PMID: 36346820 PMCID: PMC10166267 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypomagnesemia is tenfold more common in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), compared to the healthy population. Factors that are involved in this high prevalence are low Mg2+ intake, gut microbiome composition, medication use and presumably genetics. Hypomagnesemia is associated with insulin resistance, which subsequently increases the risk to develop T2D or deteriorates glycaemic control in existing diabetes. Mg2+ supplementation decreases T2D associated features like dyslipidaemia and inflammation; which are important risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse association between serum Mg2+ and the risk to develop heart failure (HF), atrial fibrillation (AF) and microvascular disease in T2D. The potential protective effect of Mg2+ on HF and AF may be explained by reduced oxidative stress, fibrosis and electrical remodeling in the heart. In microvascular disease, Mg2+ reduces the detrimental effects of hyperglycemia and improves endothelial dysfunction. Though, clinical studies assessing the effect of long-term Mg2+ supplementation on CVD incidents are lacking and gaps remain on how Mg2+ may reduce CVD risk in T2D. Despite the high prevalence of hypomagnesemia in people with T2D, routine screening of Mg2+ deficiency to provide Mg2+ supplementation when needed is not implemented in clinical care as sufficient clinical evidence is lacking. In conclusion, hypomagnesemia is common in people with T2D and is both involved as cause, probably through molecular mechanisms leading to insulin resistance, and consequence and is prospectively associated with development of HF, AF and microvascular complications. Whether long-term supplementation of Mg2+ is beneficial, however, remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette J Oost
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cees J Tack
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen H F de Baaij
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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10
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The Role of Antioxidants in the Interplay between Oxidative Stress and Senescence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071224. [PMID: 35883714 PMCID: PMC9311946 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an irreversible state of cell cycle arrest occurring in response to stressful stimuli, such as telomere attrition, DNA damage, reactive oxygen species, and oncogenic proteins. Although beneficial and protective in several physiological processes, an excessive senescent cell burden has been involved in various pathological conditions including aging, tissue dysfunction and chronic diseases. Oxidative stress (OS) can drive senescence due to a loss of balance between pro-oxidant stimuli and antioxidant defences. Therefore, the identification and characterization of antioxidant compounds capable of preventing or counteracting the senescent phenotype is of major interest. However, despite the considerable number of studies, a comprehensive overview of the main antioxidant molecules capable of counteracting OS-induced senescence is still lacking. Here, besides a brief description of the molecular mechanisms implicated in OS-mediated aging, we review and discuss the role of enzymes, mitochondria-targeting compounds, vitamins, carotenoids, organosulfur compounds, nitrogen non-protein molecules, minerals, flavonoids, and non-flavonoids as antioxidant compounds with an anti-aging potential, therefore offering insights into innovative lifespan-extending approaches.
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11
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Magnesium Status and Calcium/Magnesium Ratios in a Series of Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091793. [PMID: 35565764 PMCID: PMC9104329 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is an essential micronutrient that participates in various enzymatic reactions that regulate vital biological functions. The main aim was to assess the Mg status and its association with nutritional indicators in seventeen cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The serum Mg and calcium (Ca) levels were determined using standardized methods and the dietary Mg intake by prospective 72 h dietary surveys. The mean serum Ca (2.45 mmol/L) and Mg (0.82 mmol/L) had normal levels, and the mean dietary intake of the Ca (127% DRI: Dietary Reference Intake) and Mg (125% DRI) were high. No patients had an abnormal serum Ca. A total of 47% of the subjects had hypomagnesemia and 12% insufficient Mg consumption. One patient had a serum Mg deficiency and inadequate Mg intake. A total of 47 and 82% of our series had a high serum Ca/Mg ratio of >4.70 (mean 4.89) and a low Ca/Mg intake ratio of <1.70 (mean 1.10), respectively. The likelihood of a high Ca/Mg ratio was 49 times higher in patients with a serum Mg deficiency than in normal serum Mg patients. Both Ca/Mg ratios were associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and even several cancers. Therefore, 53% of the CF patients were at high risk of a Mg deficiency and developing other chronic diseases.
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Arancibia-Hernández YL, Aranda-Rivera AK, Cruz-Gregorio A, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Antioxidant/anti-inflammatory effect of Mg 2+ in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Rev Med Virol 2022; 32:e2348. [PMID: 35357063 PMCID: PMC9111052 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), characterised by high levels of inflammation and oxidative stress (OS). Oxidative stress induces oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA, causing tissue damage. Both inflammation and OS contribute to multi-organ failure in severe cases. Magnesium (Mg2+ ) regulates many processes, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses, as well as the proper functioning of other micronutrients such as vitamin D. In addition, Mg2+ participates as a second signalling messenger in the activation of T cells. Therefore, Mg2+ deficiency can cause immunodeficiency, exaggerated acute inflammatory response, decreased antioxidant response, and OS. Supplementation with Mg2+ has an anti-inflammatory response by reducing the levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin (IL) -6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Furthermore, Mg2+ supplementation improves mitochondrial function and increases the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) content, reducing OS. Therefore, Mg2+ supplementation is a potential way to reduce inflammation and OS, strengthening the immune system to manage COVID-19. This narrative review will address Mg2+ deficiency associated with a worse disease prognosis, Mg2+ supplementation as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapy during and after COVID-19 disease, and suggest that randomised controlled trials are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Karina Aranda-Rivera
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio F-315, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Gregorio
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio F-315, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio F-315, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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13
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Đuric D, Milošević F, Todorović D, Živković V, Srejović I, Jakovljević V, Stojiljković M, Škrbić R, Dragičević-Cvjetković D, Vučković S. The effects of subchronic intake of magnesium hydrocarbonate-rich mineral water on body weight and cardiovascular variables in rats with streptozotocin: Induced diabetes. SCRIPTA MEDICA 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed53-41584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: Optimal intake of magnesium minerals is essential in maintaining the coordinated physiological functions of cells, tissues and organs. The importance of this element is reflected in the fact that it is the fourth most abundant cation in the human body, participating as a cofactor in more than three hundred enzymatic reactions. Its presence is necessary for the proper functioning of a number of vital functions, such as glycaemic control, the work of the heart and the vascular system and it can potentially play a role in the regulation of body weight. Aim of this study was to investigate the effects of subchronic intake of magnesium hydrocarbonate-rich water on changes in body weight, organ weight and cardiovascular variables in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Methods: Wistar rats (n = 28) were divided into 4 groups: two control groups, on tap water (TW-C, n = 7) and magnesium hydrocarbonate-rich water (MW-C, n = 7); and two experimental groups with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, on tap water (TW-DM, n = 7) and magnesium hydrocarbonate-rich water (MW-DM, n = 7). The values of body weight, organ weight and cardiovascular parameters were compared after 6 weeks between control groups of rats on subchronic treatment with tap water (TW-C) and magnesium hydrocarbonate-rich water (MW-C) and between groups with streptozotocin-induced diabetes on tap water (TW-DM) and with magnesium hydrocarbonate-rich water (MW-DM). Results: By comparing the values of cardiovascular parameters between groups, significant (p < 0.05) positive effects of magnesium hydrocarbonate-rich water were registered on the values of systolic and pulse blood pressure in diabetic rats fed with magnesium hydrocarbonate-rich water (MW-DM) compared to those fed with tap water (TW-DM). In contrast, no significant effect of magnesium hydrocarbonate on changes in body weight and organ weight was observed. Conclusion: Based on the results, the beneficial effects of magnesium hydrocarbonate-rich water in the regulation of blood pressure can be clearly observed. Potential effects on other cardiovascular variables and body weight and organ weight should be further investigated.
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Zamir A, Ben-Zeev T, Hoffman JR. Manipulation of Dietary Intake on Changes in Circulating Testosterone Concentrations. Nutrients 2021; 13:3375. [PMID: 34684376 PMCID: PMC8538516 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevations in the circulating concentration of androgens are thought to have a positive effect on the anabolic processes leading to improved athletic performance. Anabolic-androgenic steroids have often been used by competitive athletes to augment this effect. Although there has been concerted effort on examining how manipulating training variables (e.g., intensity and volume of training) can influence the androgen response to exercise, there has been much less effort directed at understanding how changes in both macronutrient and micronutrient intake can impact the androgen response. Thus, the focus of this review is to examine the effect that manipulating energy and nutrient intake has on circulating concentrations of testosterone and what the potential mechanism is governing these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jay R. Hoffman
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, 40700 Ariel, Israel; (A.Z.); (T.B.-Z.)
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Xu X, Wei W, Xu J, Huang J, Li L, Han T, Qi J, Sun C, Li Y, Jiang W. The association of minerals intake in three meals with cancer and all-cause mortality: the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2014. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:912. [PMID: 34380458 PMCID: PMC8359108 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08643-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intake time of diet has recently been demonstrated to be associated with the internal clock and circadian pattern. However, whether and how the intake time of minerals would influence the natural course of cancer was largely unknown. METHODS This study aimed to assess the association of mineral intake at different periods with cancer and all-cause mortality. A total of 27,455 participants aged 18-85 years old in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were recruited. The main exposures were the mineral intakes in the morning, afternoon and evening, which were categorized into quintiles, respectively. The main outcomes were mortality of cancer and all causes. RESULTS During the 178,182 person-years of follow-up, 2680 deaths, including 601 deaths due to cancer, were documented. After adjusting for potential confounders, compared to the participants who were in the lowest quintile(quintile-1) of mineral intakes at dinner, the participants in the highest quintile intake(quintile-5) of dietary potassium, calcium and magnesium had lower mortality risks of cancer (HRpotassium = 0.72, 95% CI:0.55-0.94, P for trend = 0.023; HRcalcium = 0.74, 95% CI:0.57-0.98, P for trend = 0.05; HRmagnesium = 0.75, 95% CI:0.56-0.99, P for trend = 0.037) and all-cause (HRpotassium = 0.83, 95% CI:0.73-0.94, P for trend = 0.012; HRcalcium = 0.87, 95% CI:0.76-0.99, P for trend = 0.025; HRmagnesium = 0.85, 95% CI:0.74-0.97, P for trend = 0.011; HRcopper = 0.80, 95%CI: 0.68-0.94, P for trend = 0.012). Further, equivalently replacing 10% of dietary potassium, calcium and magnesium consumed in the morning with those in the evening were associated with lower mortality risk of cancer (HRpotassium = 0.94, 95%CI:0.91-0.97; HRcalcium = 0.95, 95%CI:0.92-0.98; HRmagnesium = 0.95, 95%CI: 0.92-0.98). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the optimal intake time of potassium, calcium and magnesium for reducing the risk of cancer and all-cause mortality was in the evening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, People's Republic of China, 150081
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, People's Republic of China, 150081
| | - Jiaxu Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, People's Republic of China, 150081
| | - Jiaxin Huang
- Department of Postgraduate, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No.150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, People's Republic of China, 150081
| | - Tianshu Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, People's Republic of China, 150081
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayue Qi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, People's Republic of China, 150081
| | - Changhao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, People's Republic of China, 150081
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, People's Republic of China, 150081.
| | - Wenbo Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, People's Republic of China, 150081.
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Kaliaperumal R, Venkatachalam R, Nagarajan P, Sabapathy SK. Association of Serum Magnesium with Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Cataract. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2869-2873. [PMID: 33037494 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02429-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium deficiency enhances oxidative stress which contributes to early development of cataract formation, and also the progression in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients remains unclear. The present study was designed to evaluate the serum levels of magnesium, oxidative stress marker and antioxidant status and to find out if there is any association between them in the pathogenesis of diabetic cataract compared with non-diabetic senile cataract, diabetes without cataract and normal healthy subjects. This comparative study includes 90 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with cataract, 90 non-diabetic senile cataract patients, 90 type 2 diabetes mellitus without cataract and 90 normal healthy individual subjects without cataract in the age group between 40 and 75 years of both genders. Serum magnesium was estimated by using a fully automated analyser. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of oxidative stress biomarker, was determined by spectrophotometry, and the antioxidant status such as serum reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase-3(GPX-3) levels was estimated by ELISA method. The present study shows significantly decreased levels of magnesium, GSH, GPX-3 and increased level of MDA in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with cataract when compared with non-diabetic senile cataract patients, type 2 DM without cataract and normal healthy individuals. A significant negative correlation of serum magnesium with MDA and positive correlation with GPX-3 were observed. The present findings indicate that hypomagnesaemia is a significant pathogenic factor which causes increased oxidative stress which may trigger earlier cataractogenesis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramesh Venkatachalam
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Puducherry, 605502, India
| | - Prithiviraj Nagarajan
- Multi-Disciplinary Centre for Biomedical Research, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College & Hospital, Vinayaga Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, 607403, India
| | - Satheesh Kumar Sabapathy
- Multi-Disciplinary Centre for Biomedical Research, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College & Hospital, Vinayaga Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, 607403, India
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Yeh WJ, Ko J, Cheng WY, Yang HY. Dehulled Adlay Consumption Modulates Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and Overweight and Obese Young Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072305. [PMID: 34371815 PMCID: PMC8308423 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High blood pressure is a crucial risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases, and a diet rich in whole-grain foods may modulate blood pressure. This study investigated the effects of dehulled adlay consumption on blood pressure in vivo. We initially fed spontaneous hypertensive rats diets without (SHR group) or with 12 or 24% dehulled adlay (SHR + LA and SHR + HA groups), and discovered that it could limit blood pressure increases over a 12-week experimental period. Although we found no significant changes in plasma, heart, and kidney angiotensin-converting enzyme activities, both adlay-consuming groups had lower endothelin-1 and creatinine concentrations than the SHR group; the SHR + HA group also had lower aspartate aminotransferase and uric acid levels than the SHR group did. We later recruited 23 participants with overweight and obesity, and they consumed 60 g of dehulled adlay daily for a six-week experimental period. At the end of the study, we observed a significant decrease in the group's systolic blood pressure (SBP), and the change in SBP was even more evident in participants with high baseline SBP. In conclusion, our results suggested that daily intake of dehulled adlay had beneficial effects in blood-pressure management. Future studies may further clarify the possible underlying mechanisms for the consuming of dehulled adlay as a beneficial dietary approach for people at risk of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ju Yeh
- Graduate Program of Nutrition Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 106308, Taiwan;
| | - Jung Ko
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;
| | - Wei-Yi Cheng
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 824005, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-Yi Yang
- Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, No.510, Zhongzheng Rd., Xinzhuang Dist., New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-29053621; Fax: +886-2-29021215
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Asbaghi O, Hosseini R, Boozari B, Ghaedi E, Kashkooli S, Moradi S. The Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Blood Pressure and Obesity Measure Among Type 2 Diabetes Patient: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:413-424. [PMID: 32385715 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to systematically review the literature to evaluate the effects of magnesium (Mg) supplementation on blood pressure (BP) and obesity measure among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Major electronic databases of Web of Science, the Cochrane library, PubMed, and Scopus were searched completely from the inception until 15 October 2019 to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) pertaining to the topic of interest. All outcomes were pooled using a random-effects model and expressed as weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidential intervals (CI). Heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were also assessed using standard methods. The pooled analysis of five RCTs showed that Mg supplementation did not affect body weight (WMD: - 0.01 kg, 95% CI: - 0.36 to 0.33), BMI (WMD: - 0.07, 95% CI: - 0.18 to 0.04), and waist circumference (WMD: 0.12, 95% CI: - 1.24 to 1.48) in T2DM patients compared to the control groups of the patients who received placebo. However, pooling seven RCTs together showed significant reduction of systolic blood pressure (WMD: - 5.78 mmHg, 95% CI: - 11.37 to - 0.19) and diastolic blood pressure (WMD: - 2.50 mmHg, 95% CI: - 4.58 to - 0.41) in T2DM patients. Furthermore, subgroup analysis by dose of intervention, intervention duration, and type of intervention suggested that Mg supplementation for > 12 weeks, in doses higher than 300 mg/day or inorganic forms, could significantly decrease both systolic and diastolic BP in T2DM patients. Based on the findings, Mg supplementation has beneficial effects on BP in type 2 diabetes patients independent of body weight status. However, further investigations are needed to provide more reliable evidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Asbaghi
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Reza Hosseini
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behnoosh Boozari
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Kashkooli
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Sajjad Moradi
- Halal Research Centre of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Maier JA, Castiglioni S, Locatelli L, Zocchi M, Mazur A. Magnesium and inflammation: Advances and perspectives. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 115:37-44. [PMID: 33221129 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium is an essential element of life, involved in the regulation of metabolism and homeostasis of all the tissues. It also regulates immunological functions, acting on the cells of innate and adaptive immune systems. Magnesium deficiency primes phagocytes, enhances granulocyte oxidative burst, activates endothelial cells and increases the levels of cytokines, thus promoting inflammation. Consequently, a low magnesium status, which is often underdiagnosed, potentiates the reactivity to various immune challenges and is implicated in the pathophysiology of many common chronic diseases. Here we summarize recent advances supporting the link between magnesium deficiency, inflammatory responses and diseases, and offer new hints towards a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette A Maier
- Università di Milano, Department Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Via GB Grassi 74, I20157 Milano, Italy.
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- Università di Milano, Department Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Via GB Grassi 74, I20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Locatelli
- Università di Milano, Department Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Via GB Grassi 74, I20157 Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Zocchi
- Università di Milano, Department Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Via GB Grassi 74, I20157 Milano, Italy
| | - André Mazur
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Liu M, Dudley SC. Magnesium, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E907. [PMID: 32977544 PMCID: PMC7598282 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypomagnesemia is commonly observed in heart failure, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Low serum magnesium (Mg) is a predictor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality and treating Mg deficiency may help prevent cardiovascular disease. In this review, we discuss the possible mechanisms by which Mg deficiency plays detrimental roles in cardiovascular diseases and review the results of clinical trials of Mg supplementation for heart failure, arrhythmias and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Samuel C. Dudley
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Abstract
The joint attack on the body by metabolic acidosis and oxidative stress suggests that treatment in degenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), may require a normalizing of extracellular and intracellular pH with simultaneous supplementation of an antioxidant combination cocktail at a sufficiently high dose. Evidence is also accumulating that combinations of antioxidants may be more effective, taking advantage of synergistic effects of appropriate antioxidants as well as a nutrient-rich diet to prevent and reverse AD. This review focuses on nutritional, nutraceutical and antioxidant treatments of AD, although they can also be used in other chronic degenerative and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Veurink
- Naturels, Armadale, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - George Perry
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Lucknow 226002, India.,Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGI Campus, Lucknow 226014, India
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22
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Simon MISDS, Dalle Molle R, Silva FM, Rodrigues TW, Feldmann M, Forte GC, Marostica PJC. Antioxidant Micronutrients and Essential Fatty Acids Supplementation on Cystic Fibrosis Outcomes: A Systematic Review. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020; 120:1016-1033.e1. [PMID: 32249071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antioxidant micronutrients and essential fatty acids supplementation intake appears to have a protective effect in some diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and asthma. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review to evaluate the effects of these nutrients on nutritional and clinical outcomes of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). METHODS This is a systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in CF. MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, and Scopus databases were searched for RCTs published from 1948 through February 2019. Two investigators independently reviewed the titles and abstracts and then extracted the data from the included studies using a standardized predesigned form. Two reviewers independently performed the quality assessment of the RCTs according to the Cochrane risk of bias tools. RESULTS A total of 4,792 studies were identified, and 23 were eligible (8 antioxidant micronutrient and 15 essential fatty acids). The interventions found were beta-carotene, zinc, magnesium, multivitamin, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), linoleic acid and lipid matrix with choline supplementation. A significant improvement was observed in: (a) pulmonary function with magnesium (n=1) and essential fatty acids (n=2) supplementation; (b) less pulmonary exacerbations with beta-carotene (n=1), zinc (n=1), antioxidant-enriched multivitamin (n=1) and essential fatty acids (n=2) supplementation. One study with antioxidant-enriched multivitamin and four studies with EPA/DHA supplementation reported significant reductions in inflammatory markers. Nutritional status was not modified by antioxidants supplementation in any of the studies, while in five studies there was an improvement with fatty acids supplementation. The risk of bias of the majority of the parallel studies was high. CONCLUSIONS The benefits of antioxidants or DHA/EPA supplementation for CF, although observed in some studies, are not consistent enough to recommend routine use of these supplements. The mechanisms of action of these nutrients, dose levels and timing should be further explored in future studies.
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Mazidi M, Ofori-Asenso R, George ES, Vatanparast H. Association Between Nutrient Patterns and Hypertension Among Adults in the United States: A Population-Based Survey. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2020; 27:133-138. [PMID: 32185752 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-020-00364-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertension (HTN) is a common medical condition associated with many adverse health outcomes. Diet plays a crucial role in the pathology, prevention, and management of HTN. AIM To identify nutrient patterns (NPs) and to investigate their association with the risk of HTN among adults in the United States (US). METHODS This cross-sectional study used data from the US community-based National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants with data on dietary intake and blood pressure were analyzed. NPs were determined by principal components analysis (PCA). In all the analyses (analysis of covariance and multivariate logistic regression), we accounted for the survey design and sample weights. RESULTS Overall, 22,184 (4002 hypertensive and 18,182 normotensive) individuals were included. We identified three NPs which explained 50.8% of the variance of the dietary nutrient consumption. There was a graded decrease in the odds of association with HTN by quartiles of mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) dietary pattern where the 4th quartile was associated with a 28% (odds ratio [OR] 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63-0.82; p < 0.001) lower odds of HTN compared with the first quartile. The second NP "high in micronutrients and vitamins" presented a decreasing trend in the odds of association with HTN with the 4th quartile having a 20% [OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.63-0.97; p < 0.001] lower odds of HTN compared with the 1st quartile. CONCLUSION Our findings provide further evidence on the inverse association between a high intake of minerals, vitamins, and MUFA and the risk of HTN. Further observational studies and clinical trials are needed to better understand the influence of MUFA, vitamins, and mineral consumption on HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK.
| | - Richard Ofori-Asenso
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
| | - Elena S George
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Hassan Vatanparast
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Health Sciences E-Wing, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada
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Marchi R, Silva ES, Santos JJ, Guiloski IC, de Jesus HCR, de Aguiar I, Kock FVC, Venâncio T, da Silva MFGF, Fernandes JB, Vital MABF, Souza LC, Silva de Assis HC, Skibsted LH, Carlos RM. Synthesis, Characterization, and Low-Toxicity Study of a Magnesium(II) Complex Containing an Isovanillate Group. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:3504-3512. [PMID: 32118165 PMCID: PMC7045549 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial effect of polyphenols and magnesium(II) against oxidative stress motivated our research group to explore the antioxidant activity of phenMgIso, an aqueous soluble magnesium(II) complex containing 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and isovanillic acid (Iso) as ligands. Combined electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry and DOSY-NMR techniques identified two complexes in methanolic solution: hexacoordinated [Mg(phen)2(Iso)]+ and tetracoordinated [Mg(phen)(Iso)]+. The cyclic voltammogram of phenMgIso in the anodic region showed a cyclic process that interrupts the isovanillic acid degradation, probably by stabilization of the corresponding phenoxyl radical via complexation with Mg(II), which is interesting for antioxidant applications. phenMgIso competes with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine by 1O2 with IC50(1O2) = 15 μg m-1 and with nitrotetrazolium blue chloride by superoxide ions (IC50(O2 •-) = 3.6 μg mL-1). Exposure of both zebrafish (2 mg L-1) and wistar male rats (3 mg kg-1 day-1 dose for 21 days) to phenMgIso does not cause mortality or visual changes compared with the respective control groups, thus phenMgIso could be considered safe under the conditions of this study. Moreover, no significant changes in comparison to both control groups were observed in the biochemical parameters on the brain-acetylcholinesterase activity, digestive tract enzyme catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase. Conversely, the performance of superoxide dismutase activity in wistar male rats increased in the presence of a complex, resulting in enhanced capacity of rats for superoxide radical enzymatic scavenging. The synergistic action of phenMgIso may be explained by the strong electrostatic interaction between Mg(II) and the O,O(phenolate) group, which makes the Iso ligand easier to oxidize and deprotonate, generating a cyclic stable species under oxidative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael
C. Marchi
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 CP 676, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eldevan S. Silva
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 CP 676, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josenilton J. Santos
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 CP 676, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Izonete C. Guiloski
- Departamento
de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do
Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Hugo Cesar R. de Jesus
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 CP 676, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Inara de Aguiar
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 CP 676, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavio V. C. Kock
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 CP 676, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Venâncio
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 CP 676, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Fátima G. F. da Silva
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 CP 676, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Batista Fernandes
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 CP 676, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria A. B. F. Vital
- Departamento
de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do
Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Castro Souza
- Departamento
de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do
Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Helena C. Silva de Assis
- Departamento
de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do
Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Leif H. Skibsted
- Department
of Food Science (UCPH FOOD), University
of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej
26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Rose M. Carlos
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade Federal
de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 CP 676, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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The Role of Magnesium in the Secondary Phase After Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. A Prospective Clinical Observer Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8110509. [PMID: 31653023 PMCID: PMC6912766 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the secondary injury phase after traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI), oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory responses at the site of injury constitute crucial factors controlling damage extent and may serve as potential therapeutic targets. We determined Magnesium (Mg) serum concentration dynamics in context with the potential of neurological remission in patients with TSCI as Mg is suspected to limit the production of reactive oxygen species and reduce lipid peroxidation. A total of 29 patients with acute TSCI were enrolled, and blood samples were drawn over 3 months at 11 time-points and Mg quantification was performed. Patients were divided into those with (G1, n = 18) or without neurological remission (G0, n = 11). Results show a slight drop in Mg level during the first 4 h after injury, then remained almost unchanged in G1, but increased continuously during the first 7 days after injury in G0. At day 7 Mg concentrations in G1 and G0 were significantly different (p = 0.039, G0 > G1). Significant differences were detected between patients in G1 that presented an AIS (ASIA Impairment Scale) conversion of 1 level versus those with more than 1 level (p = 0.014, G1 AIS imp. = +1 > G1 AI imp. > +1). Low and decreasing levels of Mg within the first 7 days are indicative of a high probability of neurological remission, whereas increasing levels are associated with poor neurological outcome.
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Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Screening for Magnesium Deficiency. Cardiol Res Pract 2019; 2019:4874921. [PMID: 31192005 PMCID: PMC6525869 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4874921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium is an essential mineral naturally present in the human body, where it acts as cofactor in several enzymatic reactions. Magnesium is a key cardiovascular regulator, which maintains electrical, metabolic, and vascular homeostasis. Moreover, magnesium participates in inflammation and oxidative processes. In fact, magnesium deficiency is involved in the pathophysiology of arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, endothelial dysfunction, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. In consideration of the great public-health impact of cardiovascular disease, the recognition of the negative effects of magnesium deficiency suggests the possible role of hypomagnesaemia as cardiovascular risk factor and the use of serum magnesium level for the screening and prevention of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, it might help with the identification of new therapeutical strategies for the management of cardiovascular disease through magnesium supplementation.
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27
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Nielsen FH. Dietary Magnesium and Chronic Disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2018; 25:230-235. [PMID: 29793661 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although official magnesium (Mg) dietary reference intakes are open to question, a significant number of adults likely have intakes that are in the range of 50%-99% of the requirement. This moderate or marginal (subclinical) deficient Mg intake generally is asymptomatic. Animal studies, however, indicate that moderate or subclinical Mg deficiency primes phagocytic cells for the release of proinflammatory cytokines leading to chronic inflammatory and oxidative stress. Human studies have found that dietary Mg is inversely related to serum or plasma C-reactive protein (CRP). Individuals with apparently deficient Mg intakes have an increased likelihood of serum or plasma CRP ≥3.0 mg/L, considered an indicator of chronic inflammatory stress that increases the risk for chronic disease. In addition, elevated serum or plasma CRP in individuals with chronic disease is decreased by Mg supplementation, which suggests that Mg decreases the risk for chronic disease. The importance of dietary Mg intake on the risk for chronic disease through affecting inflammatory and oxidative stress is supported by numerous meta-analyses and systematic reviews that have found dietary Mg is inversely associated with chronic diseases such hypertension, ischemic heart disease, stroke, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and colorectal cancer.
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Abstract
The heart failure accounts for the highest mortality rate all over the world. The development of preventive therapeutic approaches is still in their infancy. Owing to the extremely high energy demand of the heart, the bioenergetics pathways need to respond efficiently based on substrate availability. The metabolic regulation of such heart bioenergetics is mediated by various rate limiting enzymes involved in energy metabolism. Although all the pertinent mechanisms are not clearly understood, the progressive decline in the activity of metabolic enzymes leading to diminished ATP production is known to cause progression of the heart failure. Therefore, metabolic therapy that can maintain the appropriate activities of metabolic enzymes can be a promising approach for the prevention and treatment of the heart failure. The flavonoids that constitute various human dietary ingredients also effectively offer a variety of health benefits. The flavonoids target a variety of metabolic enzymes and facilitate effective management of the equilibrium between production and utilization of energy in the heart. This review discusses the broad impact of metabolic enzymes in the heart functions and explains how the dysregulated enzyme activity causes the heart failure. In addition, the prospects of targeting dysregulated metabolic enzymes by developing flavonoid-based metabolic approaches are discussed.
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Razzaghi R, Pidar F, Momen-Heravi M, Bahmani F, Akbari H, Asemi Z. Magnesium Supplementation and the Effects on Wound Healing and Metabolic Status in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcer: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 181:207-215. [PMID: 28540570 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hypomagnesemia is associated with the development of neuropathy and abnormal platelet activity, both of which are risk factors for diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of magnesium administration on wound healing and metabolic status in subjects with DFU. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed among 70 subjects with grade 3 DFU. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups (35 subjects each group) to receive either 250 mg magnesium oxide supplements or placebo daily for 12 weeks. Pre- and post-intervention wound depth and appearance were scored in accordance with the "Wagner-Meggitt's" wound assessment tool. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after the 12-week intervention to assess related markers. After the 12-week treatment, compared with the placebo, magnesium supplementation resulted in a significant increase in serum magnesium (+0.3 ± 0.3 vs. -0.1 ± 0.2 mg/dL, P < 0.001) and significant reductions in ulcer length (-1.8 ± 2.0 vs. -0.9 ± 1.1 cm, P = 0.01), width (-1.6 ± 2.0 vs. -0.8 ± 0.9 cm, P = 0.02), and depth (-0.8 ± 0.8 vs. -0.3 ± 0.5 cm, P = 0.003). In addition, significant reductions in fasting plasma glucose (-45.4 ± 82.6 vs. -10.6 ± 53.7 mg/dL, P = 0.04), serum insulin values (-2.4 ± 5.6 vs. +1.5 ± 9.6 μIU/mL, P = 0.04), and HbA1c (-0.7 ± 1.5 vs. -0.1 ± 0.4%, P = 0.03) and a significant rise in the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0.01 ± 0.01 vs. -0.004 ± 0.02, P = 0.01) were seen following supplementation of magnesium compared with the placebo. Additionally, compared with the placebo, taking magnesium resulted in significant decrease in serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (-19.6 ± 32.5 vs. -4.8 ± 11.2 mg/L, P = 0.01) and significant increase in plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) concentrations (+6.4 ± 65.2 vs. -129.9 ± 208.3 mmol/L, P < 0.001). Overall, magnesium supplementation for 12 weeks among subjects with DFU had beneficial effects on parameters of ulcer size, glucose metabolism, serum hs-CRP, and plasma TAC levels. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER http://www.irct.ir : IRCT201612225623N96.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Razzaghi
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR, Iran
| | - Farangis Pidar
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR, Iran
| | - Mansooreh Momen-Heravi
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Bahmani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR, Iran
| | - Hossein Akbari
- Department of Biostatistics, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR, Iran.
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30
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Rosique-Esteban N, Guasch-Ferré M, Hernández-Alonso P, Salas-Salvadó J. Dietary Magnesium and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review with Emphasis in Epidemiological Studies. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020168. [PMID: 29389872 PMCID: PMC5852744 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is an essential dietary element for humans involved in key biological processes. A growing body of evidence from epidemiological studies, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses have indicated inverse associations between Mg intake and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The present review aims to summarize recent scientific evidence on the topic, with a focus on data from epidemiological studies assessing the associations between Mg intake and major cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and CVD. We also aimed to review current literature on circulating Mg and CVD, as well as potential biological processes underlying these observations. We concluded that high Mg intake is associated with lower risk of major CV risk factors (mainly metabolic syndrome, diabetes and hypertension), stroke and total CVD. Higher levels of circulating Mg are associated with lower risk of CVD, mainly ischemic heart disease and coronary heart disease. Further, RCTs and prospective studies would help to clarify whether Mg intake and Mg circulating levels may also protect against other CVDs and CVD death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Rosique-Esteban
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Pere Virgili Institute for Health Research, Rovira i Virgili University, St/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Pere Virgili Institute for Health Research, Rovira i Virgili University, St/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Pablo Hernández-Alonso
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Pere Virgili Institute for Health Research, Rovira i Virgili University, St/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, Pere Virgili Institute for Health Research, Rovira i Virgili University, St/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
Animal studies have shown that magnesium deficiency induces an inflammatory response that results in leukocyte and macrophage activation, release of inflammatory cytokines and acute-phase proteins, and excessive production of free radicals. Animal and in vitro studies indicate that the primary mechanism through which magnesium deficiency has this effect is through increasing cellular Ca2+, which is the signal that results in the priming of cells to give the inflammatory response. Primary pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-1; the messenger cytokine IL-6; cytokine responders E-selectin, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; and acute-phase reactants C-reactive protein and fibrinogen have been determined to associate magnesium deficiency with chronic low-grade inflammation (inflammatory stress). When magnesium dietary intake, supplementation, and/or serum concentration suggest/s the presence of magnesium deficiency, it often is associated with low-grade inflammation and/or with pathological conditions for which inflammatory stress is considered a risk factor. When magnesium intake, supplementation, and/or serum concentration suggest/s an adequate status, magnesium generally has not been found to significantly affect markers of chronic low-grade inflammation or chronic disease. The consistency of these findings can be modified by other nutritional and metabolic factors that affect inflammatory and oxidative stress. In spite of this, findings to date provide convincing evidence that magnesium deficiency is a significant contributor to chronic low-grade inflammation that is a risk factor for a variety of pathological conditions such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes. Because magnesium deficiency commonly occurs in countries where foods rich in magnesium are not consumed in recommended amounts, magnesium should be considered an element of significant nutritional concern for health and well-being in these countries.
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Magnesium intake and mortality due to liver diseases: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Cohort. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17913. [PMID: 29263344 PMCID: PMC5738415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
People with fatty liver disease are at high risk of magnesium deficiency. Meanwhile, low magnesium status is linked to both chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. However, no study has investigated the association between intake of magnesium and risk of mortality due to liver diseases. We evaluated the association between total magnesium intake and mortality due to liver diseases in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES III) cohort, which included 13,504 participants who completed liver ultrasound examination for hepatic steatosis. Overall magnesium intake was associated with a reduced risk of mortality due to liver disease at borderline significance (P = 0.05). In fully-adjusted analyses, every 100 mg increase in intake of magnesium was associated with a 49% reduction in the risk for mortality due to liver diseases. Although interactions between magnesium intake and alcohol use and hepatic steatosis at baseline were not significant (P > 0.05), inverse associations between magnesium intake and liver disease mortality were stronger among alcohol drinkers and those with hepatic steatosis. Our findings suggest higher intakes of magnesium may be associated with a reduced risk of mortality due to liver disease particularly among alcohol drinkers and those with hepatic steatosis. Further studies are warranted to confirm the findings.
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Zheltova AA, Kharitonova MV, Iezhitsa IN, Spasov AA. Magnesium deficiency and oxidative stress: an update. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2016; 6:20. [PMID: 27854048 PMCID: PMC5112180 DOI: 10.7603/s40681-016-0020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium deficiency (MgD) has been shown to impact numerous biological processes at the cellular and molecular levels. In the present review, we discuss the relationship between MgD and oxidative stress (OS). MgD is accompanied by increased levels of OS markers such as lipid, protein and DNA oxidative modification products. Additionally, a relationship was detected between MgD and a weakened antioxidant defence. Different mechanisms associated with MgD are involved in the development and maintenance of OS. These mechanisms include systemic reactions such as inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, as well as changes at the cellular level, such as mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive fatty acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia A Zheltova
- Department of Pharmacology, Volgograd State Medical University, Pl. Pavshikh Bortsov, 1, Volgograd, 400131, Russia.,Department of Immunology and Allergology, Volgograd State Medical University, Pl. Pavshikh Bortsov, 1, Volgograd, 400131, Russia
| | - Maria V Kharitonova
- Department of Pharmacology, Volgograd State Medical University, Pl. Pavshikh Bortsov, 1, Volgograd, 400131, Russia.,Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82/III, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Igor N Iezhitsa
- Department of Pharmacology, Volgograd State Medical University, Pl. Pavshikh Bortsov, 1, Volgograd, 400131, Russia. .,Centre for Neuroscience Research (NeuRon), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. .,RIG "Molecular Pharmacology and Advanced Therapeutics", Pharmaceutical & Life Sciences (PLS) Communities of Research (CoRe),, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. .,Faculty of Medicine, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Alexander A Spasov
- Department of Pharmacology, Volgograd State Medical University, Pl. Pavshikh Bortsov, 1, Volgograd, 400131, Russia
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Huang Z, Filipovic Z, Mp N, Ung C, Troy EL, Colburn RW, Iaci JF, Hackett C, Button DC, Caggiano AO, Parry TJ. AC105 Increases Extracellular Magnesium Delivery and Reduces Excitotoxic Glutamate Exposure within Injured Spinal Cords in Rats. J Neurotrauma 2016; 34:685-694. [PMID: 27503053 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) homeostasis is impaired following spinal cord injury (SCI) and the loss of extracellular Mg2+ contributes to secondary injury by various mechanisms, including glutamate neurotoxicity. The neuroprotective effects of high dose Mg2+ supplementation have been reported in many animal models. Recent studies found that lower Mg2+ doses also improved neurologic outcomes when Mg2+ was formulated with polyethylene glycol (PEG), suggesting that a PEG/ Mg2+ formulation might increase Mg2+ delivery to the injured spinal cord, compared with that of MgSO4 alone. Here, we assessed spinal extracellular Mg2+ and glutamate levels following SCI in rats using microdialysis. Basal levels of extracellular Mg2+ (∼0.5 mM) were significantly reduced to 0.15 mM in the core and 0.12 mM in the rostral peri-lesion area after SCI. A single intravenous infusion of saline or of MgSO4 at 192 μmoL/kg did not significantly change extracellular Mg2+ concentrations. However, a single infusion of AC105 (a MgCl2 in PEG) at an equimolar Mg2+ dose significantly increased the Mg2+ concentration to 0.3 mM (core area) and 0.25 mM (rostral peri-lesion area). Moreover, multiple AC105 treatments completely restored the depleted extracellular Mg2+ concentrations after SCI to levels in the uninjured spinal cord. Repeated MgSO4 infusions slightly increased the Mg2+ concentrations while saline infusion had no effect. In addition, AC105 treatment significantly reduced extracellular glutamate levels in the lesion center after SCI. These results indicate that intravenous infusion of PEG-formulated Mg2+ normalized the Mg2+ homeostasis following SCI and reduced potentially neurotoxic glutamate levels, consistent with a neuroprotective mechanism of blocking excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chia Ung
- Acorda Therapeutics, Inc. , Ardsley, New York
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tom J Parry
- Acorda Therapeutics, Inc. , Ardsley, New York
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35
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Zhang X, Li Y, Del Gobbo LC, Rosanoff A, Wang J, Zhang W, Song Y. Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2016; 68:324-33. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The antihypertensive effect of magnesium (Mg) supplementation remains controversial. We aimed to quantify the effect of oral Mg supplementation on blood pressure (BP) by synthesizing available evidence from randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. We searched trials of Mg supplementation on normotensive and hypertensive adults published up to February 1, 2016 from MEDLINE and EMBASE databases; 34 trials involving 2028 participants were eligible for this meta-analysis. Weighted mean differences of changes in BP and serum Mg were calculated by random-effects meta-analysis. Mg supplementation at a median dose of 368 mg/d for a median duration of 3 months significantly reduced systolic BP by 2.00 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, 0.43–3.58) and diastolic BP by 1.78 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, 0.73–2.82); these reductions were accompanied by 0.05 mmol/L (95% confidence interval, 0.03, 0.07) elevation of serum Mg compared with placebo. Using a restricted cubic spline curve, we found that Mg supplementation with a dose of 300 mg/d or duration of 1 month is sufficient to elevate serum Mg and reduce BP; and serum Mg was negatively associated with diastolic BP but not systolic BP (all
P
<0.05). In the stratified analyses, a greater reduction in BP tended to be found in trials with high quality or low dropout rate (all
P
values for interaction <0.05). However, residual heterogeneity may still exist after considering these possible factors. Our findings indicate a causal effect of Mg supplementation on lowering BPs in adults. Further well-designed trials are warranted to validate the BP-lowering efficacy of optimal Mg treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University (X.Z., Y.S.); Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Pinggu Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.L.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, CA (L.C.D.G.); Center for Magnesium Education and Research, Pahoa, HI (A.R.); Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.W.); and Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine,
| | - Yufeng Li
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University (X.Z., Y.S.); Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Pinggu Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.L.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, CA (L.C.D.G.); Center for Magnesium Education and Research, Pahoa, HI (A.R.); Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.W.); and Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine,
| | - Liana C. Del Gobbo
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University (X.Z., Y.S.); Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Pinggu Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.L.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, CA (L.C.D.G.); Center for Magnesium Education and Research, Pahoa, HI (A.R.); Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.W.); and Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine,
| | - Andrea Rosanoff
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University (X.Z., Y.S.); Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Pinggu Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.L.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, CA (L.C.D.G.); Center for Magnesium Education and Research, Pahoa, HI (A.R.); Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.W.); and Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine,
| | - Jiawei Wang
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University (X.Z., Y.S.); Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Pinggu Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.L.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, CA (L.C.D.G.); Center for Magnesium Education and Research, Pahoa, HI (A.R.); Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.W.); and Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine,
| | - Wen Zhang
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University (X.Z., Y.S.); Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Pinggu Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.L.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, CA (L.C.D.G.); Center for Magnesium Education and Research, Pahoa, HI (A.R.); Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.W.); and Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine,
| | - Yiqing Song
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University (X.Z., Y.S.); Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Pinggu Hospital, Beijing, China (Y.L.); Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, CA (L.C.D.G.); Center for Magnesium Education and Research, Pahoa, HI (A.R.); Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (J.W.); and Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine,
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Dwijayanti DR, Widodo, Ibrahim M, Rifa'i M. EMSA Eritin polyherbal can suppress NF-κB activation and decrease IL-17 cytokine in an irradiated mice model. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2015.1126233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Blache D, Bourdon E, Salloignon P, Lucchi G, Ducoroy P, Petit JM, Verges B, Lagrost L. Glycated albumin with loss of fatty acid binding capacity contributes to enhanced arachidonate oxygenation and platelet hyperactivity: relevance in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2015; 64:960-72. [PMID: 25157094 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
High plasma concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs), transported bound to serum albumin, are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The effects of albumin on platelet function were investigated in vitro. Modifications of albumin, such as those due to glycoxidation, were found in patients with T2D, and the consequences of these modifications on biological mechanisms related to NEFA handling were investigated. Mass spectrometry profiles of albumin from patients with T2D differed from those from healthy control subjects. Diabetic albumin showed impaired NEFA binding capacity, and both structural and functional alterations could be reproduced in vitro by incubating native albumin with glucose and methylglyoxal. Platelets incubated with albumin isolated from patients with T2D aggregated approximately twice as much as platelets incubated with albumin isolated from healthy control subjects. Accordingly, platelets incubated with modified albumin produced significantly higher amounts of arachidonate metabolites than did platelets incubated with control albumin. We concluded that higher amounts of free arachidonate are made available for the generation of active metabolites in platelets when the NEFA binding capacity of albumin is blunted by glycoxidation. This newly described mechanism, in addition to hypoalbuminemia, may contribute to platelet hyperactivity and increased thrombosis, known to occur in patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Blache
- Centre de Recherche INSERM UMR 866, Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Emmanuel Bourdon
- Centre de Recherche INSERM UMR 866, Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Pauline Salloignon
- Clinical and Innovation Plateforme de Protéomique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France
| | - Géraldine Lucchi
- Clinical and Innovation Plateforme de Protéomique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France
| | - Patrick Ducoroy
- Clinical and Innovation Plateforme de Protéomique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France
| | - Jean-Michel Petit
- Centre de Recherche INSERM UMR 866, Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France
| | - Bruno Verges
- Centre de Recherche INSERM UMR 866, Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Dijon, France
| | - Laurent Lagrost
- Centre de Recherche INSERM UMR 866, Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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Barbagallo M, Belvedere M, Sprini D, Dominguez LJ. Magnesium and Alzheimer’s Disease. DIET AND NUTRITION IN DEMENTIA AND COGNITIVE DECLINE 2015:585-592. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407824-6.00054-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Solanki MH, Chatterjee PK, Gupta M, Xue X, Plagov A, Metz MH, Mintz R, Singhal PC, Metz CN. Magnesium protects against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by regulating platinum accumulation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F369-84. [PMID: 24944268 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00127.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its success as a potent antineoplastic agent, ∼25% of patients receiving cisplatin experience acute kidney injury (AKI) and must discontinue therapy. Impaired magnesium homeostasis has been linked to cisplatin-mediated AKI, and because magnesium deficiency is widespread, we examined the effect of magnesium deficiency and replacement on cisplatin-induced AKI in physiologically relevant older female mice. Magnesium deficiency significantly increased cisplatin-associated weight loss and markers of renal damage (plasma blood urea nitrogen and creatinine), histological changes, inflammation, and renal cell apoptosis and modulated signaling pathways (e.g., ERK1/2, p53, and STAT3). Conversely, these damaging effects were reversed by magnesium. Magnesium deficiency alone significantly induced basal and cisplatin-mediated oxidative stress, whereas magnesium replacement attenuated these effects. Similar results were observed using cisplatin-treated LLC-PK1 renal epithelial cells exposed to various magnesium concentrations. Magnesium deficiency significantly amplified renal platinum accumulation, whereas magnesium replacement blocked the augmented platinum accumulation after magnesium deficiency. Increased renal platinum accumulation during magnesium deficiency was accompanied by reduced renal efflux transporter expression, which was reversed by magnesium replacement. These findings demonstrate the role of magnesium in regulating cisplatin-induced AKI by enhancing oxidative stress and thus promoting cisplatin-mediated damage. Additional in vitro experiments using ovarian, breast, and lung cancer cell lines showed that magnesium supplementation did not compromise cisplatin's chemotherapeutic efficacy. Finally, because no consistently successful therapy to prevent or treat cisplatin-mediated AKI is available for humans, these results support developing more conservative magnesium replacement guidelines for reducing cisplatin-induced AKI in cancer patients at risk for magnesium deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvika H Solanki
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, New York; The Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, New York; and
| | - Prodyot K Chatterjee
- The Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, New York; and
| | - Madhu Gupta
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, New York; The Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, New York; and
| | - Xiangying Xue
- The Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, New York; and
| | - Andrei Plagov
- The Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, New York; and
| | - Margot H Metz
- The Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, New York; and
| | - Rachel Mintz
- The Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, New York; and
| | - Pravin C Singhal
- The Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, New York; and Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York
| | - Christine N Metz
- Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, New York; The Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Manhasset, New York; and Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York
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Abstract
The biochemical perturbations in diabetes mellitus (DM) create the conditions for the production of free radicals, the consequence of which is increased oxidative stress. Evidence has accrued over the past 2 decades that suggests that oxidative stress is an important pathogenetic factor in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Experimental data show that the use of strategies that ameliorate oxidative stress can prevent and retard the development of DR in the animal model. Clinical observations also suggest that reducing oxidative stress may help to reverse pathological manifestations of DR. The present article constitutes an examination of the role of antioxidants in the management of DR and the current state of clinically relevant knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Williams
- Medical Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland, UK
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Jin K, Kim TH, Kim YH, Kim YW. Additional antihypertensive effect of magnesium supplementation with an angiotensin II receptor blocker in hypomagnesemic rats. Korean J Intern Med 2013; 28:197-205. [PMID: 23526071 PMCID: PMC3604610 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2013.28.2.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Magnesium (Mg) is an essential element for vascular function and blood pressure regulation. Several studies have demonstrated that Mg concentration is inversely associated with blood pressure, and that Mg supplementation attenuates hypertension. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary Mg supplementation on the blood pressure effects of an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) in hypomagnesemic rats. METHODS Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into Mg-deficient (n = 30), normal diet plus Mg (n = 10), and control groups (n = 10). Mg-free, high-Mg, and normal-Mg diets were respectively fed to the rats. After 14 weeks, 10 of the 30 Mg-deficient rats were treated with Mg, 10 Mg-deficient rats received an ARB, and 10 Mg-deficient rats received an ARB plus Mg for 4 weeks. RESULTS Systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in the Mg-deficient rats than in the control rats at week 14. Hypomagnesemic rats exhibited decreased systolic blood pressure after treatment with Mg, and systolic blood pressure showed a greater decrease after ARB treatment. Treatment with the ARB/Mg combination resulted in the greatest decrease in systolic blood pressure. Mg deficiency did not affect the serum angiotensin II level, but did increase the serum aldosterone concentration. Concomitant Mg/ARB supplementation significantly decreased the elevated serum aldosterone level in hypomagnesemic rats. Kidney tissues of the hypomagnesemic rats revealed mild to moderate inflammatory infiltrates. Mg and/or ARB treatment did not reverse the inflammatory reaction in the kidneys of hypomagnesemic rats. CONCLUSIONS Concurrent dietary Mg supplementation can enhance ARB-induced blood pressure reduction in rats with hypomagnesemic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyubok Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Tae Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Yeong Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Yang Wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
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43
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Gontijo-Amaral C, Guimarães EV, Camargos P. Oral magnesium supplementation in children with cystic fibrosis improves clinical and functional variables: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 96:50-6. [PMID: 22648717 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.034207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium is one of the most important minerals in the body. Although some studies reported that patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) lack magnesium, no international study has assessed the importance of oral magnesium supplementation in CF patients. OBJECTIVE We prospectively investigated the long-term effect of oral magnesium supplementation on respiratory muscle strength by using manuvacuometry and the Shwachman-Kulczycki (SK) score among children and adolescents with CF. DESIGN This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study included 44 CF patients (aged 7-19 y; 20 males) who were randomly assigned to receive magnesium (n = 22; 300 mg/d) or placebo (n = 22) for 8 wk with a 4-wk washout period between trials. All patients were undergoing conventional treatment of CF. The experimental protocol included clinical evaluation, assessment of urinary concentration of magnesium, and manuvacuometric measurements [maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP)]. MIP was the primary outcome. RESULTS Urinary magnesium increased after the administration of magnesium (change: 36.38 mg/d after magnesium compared with 0.72 mg/d after placebo; P < 0.001). Moreover, MIP and MEP significantly improved only after magnesium administration (change in MIP: 11% predicted after magnesium compared with 0.5% predicted after placebo; change in MEP: 11.9% predicted after magnesium compared with 0.8% predicted after placebo; P < 0.001 for both). Magnesium administration had a beneficial effect on clinical variables assessed by the SK score (change: 4.48 points after magnesium compared with -1.30 points after placebo; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Oral magnesium supplementation helped improve both the SK score and respiratory muscle strength in pediatric patients with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clésio Gontijo-Amaral
- Pediatrics Department, Diagnostic Support Action and Research Center (NUPAD), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Blache D, Gautier T, Tietge UJF, Lagrost L. Activated platelets contribute to oxidized low‐density lipoproteins and dysfunctional high‐density lipoproteins through a phospholipase A2‐dependent mechanism. FASEB J 2011; 26:927-37. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-191593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Blache
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)/Université de Bourgogne, Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, Faculté de Médecine Dijon France
| | - Thomas Gautier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)/Université de Bourgogne, Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, Faculté de Médecine Dijon France
| | - Uwe J. F. Tietge
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic DiseaseUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Laurent Lagrost
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)/Université de Bourgogne, Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer, Faculté de Médecine Dijon France
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Guo X, Lu Y, He X, Zhang B. Construction of a Magnesium-Enriched Yeast Strain and Study on Distribution of Magnesium in the Cells. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2011.590764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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47
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Wagner GR, Payne RM. Mitochondrial acetylation and diseases of aging. J Aging Res 2011; 2011:234875. [PMID: 21437190 PMCID: PMC3062109 DOI: 10.4061/2011/234875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, protein lysine acetylation has emerged as a prominent and conserved regulatory posttranslational modification that is abundant on numerous enzymes involved in the processes of intermediary metabolism. Well-characterized mitochondrial processes of carbon utilization are enriched in acetyl-lysine modifications. Although seminal discoveries have been made in the basic biology of mitochondrial acetylation, an understanding of how acetylation states influence enzyme function and metabolic reprogramming during pathological states remains largely unknown. This paper will examine our current understanding of eukaryotic acetate metabolism and present recent findings in the field of mitochondrial acetylation biology. The implications of mitochondrial acetylation for the aging process will be discussed, as well as its potential implications for the unique and localized metabolic states that occur during the aging-associated conditions of heart failure and cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Wagner
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Khan AM, Sullivan L, McCabe E, Levy D, Vasan RS, Wang TJ. Lack of association between serum magnesium and the risks of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Am Heart J 2010; 160:715-20. [PMID: 20934566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2010.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental studies have linked hypomagnesemia with the development of vascular dysfunction, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Prior clinical studies have yielded conflicting results but were limited by the use of self-reported magnesium intake or short follow-up periods. METHODS We examined the relationship between serum magnesium concentration and incident hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and mortality in 3,531 middle-aged adult participants in the Framingham Heart Study offspring cohort. Analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazards regressions, adjusted for traditional CVD risk factors. RESULTS Follow-up was 8 years for new-onset hypertension (551 events) and 20 years for CVD (554 events). There was no association between baseline serum magnesium and the development of hypertension (multivariable-adjusted hazards ratio per 0.15 mg/dL 1.03, 95% CI 0.92-1.15, P = .61), CVD (0.83, 95% CI 0.49-1.40, P = .49), or all-cause mortality (0.77, 95% CI 0.41-1.45, P = .42). Similar findings were observed in categorical analyses, in which serum magnesium was modeled in categories (<1.5, 1.5-2.2, >2.2 mg/dL) or in quartiles. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, data from this large, community-based cohort do not support the hypothesis that low serum magnesium is a risk factor for developing hypertension or CVD.
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Ames BN. Prevention of mutation, cancer, and other age-associated diseases by optimizing micronutrient intake. J Nucleic Acids 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20936173 PMCID: PMC2945683 DOI: 10.4061/2010/725071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
I review three of our research efforts which suggest that optimizing micronutrient intake will in turn optimize metabolism, resulting in decreased DNA damage and less cancer as well as other degenerative diseases of aging. (1) Research on delay of the mitochondrial decay of aging, including release of mutagenic oxidants, by supplementing rats with lipoic acid and acetyl carnitine. (2) The triage theory, which posits that modest micronutrient deficiencies (common in much of the population) accelerate molecular aging, including DNA damage, mitochondrial decay, and supportive evidence for the theory, including an in-depth analysis of vitamin K that suggests the importance of achieving optimal micronutrient intake for longevity. (3) The finding that decreased enzyme binding constants (increased Km) for coenzymes (or substrates) can result from protein deformation and loss of function due to an age-related decline in membrane fluidity, or to polymorphisms or mutation. The loss of enzyme function can be compensated by a high dietary intake of any of the B vitamins, which increases the level of the vitamin-derived coenzyme. This dietary remediation illustrates the importance of understanding the effects of age and polymorphisms on optimal micronutrient requirements. Optimizing micronutrient intake could have a major effect on the prevention of cancer and other degenerative diseases of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce N Ames
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
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50
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Magnesium and tumors: Ally or foe? Cancer Treat Rev 2009; 35:378-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2009.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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