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Ganouna-Cohen G, Marcouiller F, Blachot-Minassian B, Demarest M, Beauparlant CJ, Droit A, Belaidi E, Bairam A, Joseph V. Loss of testosterone induces postprandial insulin resistance and increases the expression of the hepatic antioxidant flavin-containing monooxygenases in mice exposed to intermittent hypoxia. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14089. [PMID: 38230898 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
AIM We tested the hypothesis that low testosterone alters the effects of intermittent hypoxia (IH) on glucose homeostasis, hepatic oxidative stress, and transcriptomic profile in male mice. METHODS We used sham-operated or orchiectomized (ORX) mice exposed to normoxia (Nx) or IH for 2 weeks. We performed fasting insulin and glucose tolerance tests and assessed fasting and postprandial insulin resistance with the HOMA-IR. The activity of hepatic prooxidant (NADPH oxidase-NOX), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase-SOD, Cat, GPx), lipid peroxidation (MDA concentration), and the total concentration of glutathione (GSH) were measured under postprandial conditions. mRNA sequencing and pathway enrichment analyses were used to identify hepatic genes underlying the interactions between IH and testosterone. RESULTS In Sham mice, IH improves fasting insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, while there are no effects of IH in ORX mice. In ORX mice, IH induces postprandial hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and a prooxidant profile of enzyme activity (low SOD activity) without altering hepatic MDA and GSH content. ORX and IH altered the expression of genes involved in oxidoreductase activities, cytochromes-dependent pathways, and glutathione metabolism. Among the genes upregulated in ORX-IH mice, the flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMO) are particularly relevant since these are potent hepatic antioxidants that could help prevent overt oxidative stress in ORX-IH mice. CONCLUSION Low levels of testosterone in male mice exposed to IH induce post-prandial hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance and determine the mechanisms by which the liver handles IH-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauthier Ganouna-Cohen
- Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - François Marcouiller
- Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Britanny Blachot-Minassian
- Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- HP2, INSERM, U1300, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Maud Demarest
- Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charles Joly Beauparlant
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elise Belaidi
- HP2, INSERM, U1300, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- UMR5305-LBTI, CNRS, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, Lyon, France
| | - Aida Bairam
- Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Joseph
- Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
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2
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Luna-Marco C, de Marañon AM, Hermo-Argibay A, Rodriguez-Hernandez Y, Hermenejildo J, Fernandez-Reyes M, Apostolova N, Vila J, Sola E, Morillas C, Rovira-Llopis S, Rocha M, Victor VM. Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on mitochondrial function, inflammatory markers and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in type 2 diabetes. Redox Biol 2023; 66:102849. [PMID: 37591012 PMCID: PMC10457591 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is linked to metabolic, mitochondrial and inflammatory alterations, atherosclerosis development and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aim was to investigate the potential therapeutic benefits of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) on oxidative stress, mitochondrial respiration, leukocyte-endothelial interactions, inflammation and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in T2D patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Type 2 diabetic patients (255) and control subjects (175) were recruited, paired by age and sex, and separated into two groups: without GLP-1 RA treatment (196) and treated with GLP-1 RA (59). Peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were isolated to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by flow cytometry and oxygen consumption with a Clark electrode. PMNs were also used to assess leukocyte-endothelial interactions. Circulating levels of adhesion molecules and inflammatory markers were quantified by Luminex's technology, and CIMT was measured as surrogate marker of atherosclerosis. RESULTS Treatment with GLP-1 RA reduced ROS production and recovered mitochondrial membrane potential, oxygen consumption and MPO levels. The velocity of leukocytes rolling over endothelial cells increased in PMNs from GLP-1 RA-treated patients, whereas rolling and adhesion were diminished. ICAM-1, VCAM-1, IL-6, TNFα and IL-12 protein levels also decreased in the GLP-1 RA-treated group, while IL-10 increased. CIMT was lower in GLP-1 RA-treated T2D patients than in T2D patients without GLP-1 RA treatment. CONCLUSIONS GLP-1 RA treatment improves the redox state and mitochondrial respiration, and reduces leukocyte-endothelial interactions, inflammation and CIMT in T2D patients, thereby potentially diminishing the risk of atherosclerosis and CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Luna-Marco
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Arantxa M de Marañon
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain; Cancer Research @UCC, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Ireland.
| | - Alberto Hermo-Argibay
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Yohaly Rodriguez-Hernandez
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jonathan Hermenejildo
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Meylin Fernandez-Reyes
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Nadezda Apostolova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; National Network of Biomedical Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jose Vila
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, INCLIVA (Biomedical Research Institute Valencia), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Eva Sola
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carlos Morillas
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Susana Rovira-Llopis
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, INCLIVA (Biomedical Research Institute Valencia), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Victor M Victor
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain; National Network of Biomedical Research on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, INCLIVA (Biomedical Research Institute Valencia), Valencia, Spain.
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Ritou E, Satta S, Petcherski A, Daskou M, Sharma M, Vasilopoulos H, Murakami E, Shirihai OS, Kelesidis T. Blood immune cells from people with HIV on antiviral regimens that contain tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) have differential metabolic signatures. Metabolism 2023; 141:155395. [PMID: 36842771 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria regulate immune and organ function. It is unknown whether higher intracellular drug levels observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated with tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) compared to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) may alter mitochondrial function and energy production in immune cells in HIV(+) patients. METHODS Cellular bioenergetics were determined in PBMCs from HIV-1(-) participants exposed to TAF versus TDF in vitro, at a comparable concentration to a clinically relevant plasma exposure. A decrease in cellular oxygen consumption rate (OCR) at baseline (basal-OCR) and under cellular stress (max-OCR) may suggest mitochondrial dysfunction. We also assessed the in vivo impact of TAF vs TDF on OCR in PBMCs from 26 people with HIV (PWH) interchanged from TDF-based to TAF-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) over a 9-month period in the setting of an open label clinical trial. The Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney tests were used for comparison of continuous variables. RESULTS PBMCs from HIV-1(-) participants exposed in vitro to a concentration of 0.12-3.3 μM for TAF and TDF at 2 and 24 h, reduced basal and maximal OCR compared to vehicle control. Switch studies of antivirals (TAF vs TDF) within the same PWH showed that TAF-based ART was associated with reduced OCR compared to TDF-based ART in PBMCs. We observed that TAF-treated PBMCs selectively relied more on glucose/pyruvate supply rather than fatty acid to fuel their mitochondria. CONCLUSIONS Compared to TDF, TAF may alter bioenergetics in immune cells from PWH in vitro and in vivo. The clinical significance in terms of the differential impact caused by TAF versus TDF on mitochondrial function and energy production in immune cells, a regulator of immune function, requires further studied in HIV, preexposure prophylaxis and hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Ritou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandro Satta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anton Petcherski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maria Daskou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Madhav Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hariclea Vasilopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eisuke Murakami
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theodoros Kelesidis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Morrison T, Watts ER, Sadiku P, Walmsley SR. The emerging role for metabolism in fueling neutrophilic inflammation. Immunol Rev 2023; 314:427-441. [PMID: 36326284 PMCID: PMC10953397 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are a critical element of host defense and are rapidly recruited to inflammatory sites. Such sites are frequently limited in oxygen and/or nutrient availability, presenting a metabolic challenge for infiltrating cells. Long believed to be uniquely dependent on glycolysis, it is now clear that neutrophils possess far greater metabolic plasticity than previously thought, with the capacity to generate energy stores and utilize extracellular proteins to fuel central carbon metabolism and biosynthetic activity. Out-with cellular energetics, metabolic programs have also been implicated in the production of neutrophils and their progenitors in the bone marrow compartment, activation of neutrophil antimicrobial responses, inflammatory and cell survival signaling cascades, and training of the innate immune response. Thus, understanding the mechanisms by which metabolic processes sustain changes in neutrophil effector functions and how these are subverted in disease states provides exciting new avenues for the treatment of dysfunctional neutrophilic inflammation which are lacking in clinical practice to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Morrison
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Emily R. Watts
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Pranvera Sadiku
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Sarah R. Walmsley
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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Baumgardt SL, Fang J, Fu X, Liu Y, Xia Z, Zhao M, Chen L, Mishra R, Gunasekaran M, Saha P, Forbess JM, Bosnjak ZJ, Camara AKS, Kersten JR, Thorp E, Kaushal S, Ge ZD. Augmentation of Histone Deacetylase 6 Activity Impairs Mitochondrial Respiratory Complex I in Ischemic/Reperfused Diabetic Hearts. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.21.529462. [PMID: 36865233 PMCID: PMC9980088 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.21.529462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes augments activity of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) and generation of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and impairs the physiological function of mitochondrial complex I (mCI) which oxidizes reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to sustain the tricarboxylic acid cycle and β-oxidation. Here we examined how HDAC6 regulates TNFα production, mCI activity, mitochondrial morphology and NADH levels, and cardiac function in ischemic/reperfused diabetic hearts. METHODS HDAC6 knockout, streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic, and obese type 2 diabetic db/db mice underwent myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo or ex vivo in a Langendorff-perfused system. H9c2 cardiomyocytes with and without HDAC6 knockdown were subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in the presence of high glucose. We compared the activities of HDAC6 and mCI, TNFα and mitochondrial NADH levels, mitochondrial morphology, myocardial infarct size, and cardiac function between groups. RESULTS Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and diabetes synergistically augmented myocardial HDCA6 activity, myocardial TNFα levels, and mitochondrial fission and inhibited mCI activity. Interestingly, neutralization of TNFα with an anti-TNFα monoclonal antibody augmented myocardial mCI activity. Importantly, genetic disruption or inhibition of HDAC6 with tubastatin A decreased TNFα levels, mitochondrial fission, and myocardial mitochondrial NADH levels in ischemic/reperfused diabetic mice, concomitant with augmented mCI activity, decreased infarct size, and ameliorated cardiac dysfunction. In H9c2 cardiomyocytes cultured in high glucose, hypoxia/reoxygenation augmented HDAC6 activity and TNFα levels and decreased mCI activity. These negative effects were blocked by HDAC6 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS Augmenting HDAC6 activity inhibits mCI activity by increasing TNFα levels in ischemic/reperfused diabetic hearts. The HDAC6 inhibitor, tubastatin A, has high therapeutic potential for acute myocardial infarction in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley L. Baumgardt
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53206
| | - Juan Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53206
| | - Xuebin Fu
- Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery and the Heart Center, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Yanan Liu
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53206
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, The People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhao
- The Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 E. Superior Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Ling Chen
- Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery and the Heart Center, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Rachana Mishra
- Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery and the Heart Center, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Muthukumar Gunasekaran
- Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery and the Heart Center, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Progyaparamita Saha
- Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery and the Heart Center, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Joseph M. Forbess
- Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery and the Heart Center, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Zeljko J. Bosnjak
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53206
| | - Amadou KS Camara
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53206
| | - Judy R. Kersten
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53206
| | - Edward Thorp
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 E. Superior Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Sunjay Kaushal
- Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery and the Heart Center, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Zhi-Dong Ge
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53206
- Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgery and the Heart Center, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Departments of Pediatrics and Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 E. Superior Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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Chen Y, Yang F, Chu Y, Yun Z, Yan Y, Jin J. Mitochondrial transplantation: opportunities and challenges in the treatment of obesity, diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Lab Invest 2022; 20:483. [PMID: 36273156 PMCID: PMC9588235 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), are rising in both incidence and prevalence and remain a major global health and socioeconomic burden in the twenty-first century. Despite an increasing understanding of these diseases, the lack of effective treatments remains an ongoing challenge. Mitochondria are key players in intracellular energy production, calcium homeostasis, signaling, and apoptosis. Emerging evidence shows that mitochondrial dysfunction participates in the pathogeneses of metabolic diseases. Exogenous supplementation with healthy mitochondria is emerging as a promising therapeutic approach to treating these diseases. This article reviews recent advances in the use of mitochondrial transplantation therapy (MRT) in such treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University (The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu Province, China.,School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, ZhenjiangJiangsu Province, 212013, China
| | - Fuji Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University (The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu Province, China.,School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, ZhenjiangJiangsu Province, 212013, China
| | - Ying Chu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University (The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu Province, China.,Central Laboratory, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University (The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhihua Yun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University (The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yongmin Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University (The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Central Laboratory, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University (The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Jianhua Jin
- Department of Oncology, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University (The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Changzhou, 213017, Jiangsu Province, China.
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7
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Elder J, Broome JA, Bushnell EAC. Computational Insights into the Regeneration of Ovothiol and Ergothioneine and Their Selenium Analogues by Glutathione. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:31813-31821. [PMID: 36120043 PMCID: PMC9476190 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ovothiol and ergothioneine are powerful antioxidants that readily react with oxidants by forming their respective disulfides. In fact, ovothiol is widely considered one of the most powerful natural antioxidants. However, for these antioxidants to be again involved in reacting with oxidants, they must be regenerated via the reduction of the disulfide bonds. In the present work, the regeneration of the antioxidants ovothiol and ergothioneine and their selenium analogues, by the closed-shell nucleophilic attack of glutathione, was investigated using density functional theory. From the calculated thermodynamic data, the attack of glutathione on OSSO and EYYE (where Y = S and/or Se) will readily occur in solution. Moreover, in comparison to the reference reaction GSH + GSSG → GSSG + GSH, all reactions are expected to be faster. Overall, the results presented herein show that the key antioxidant GSH should readily recycle ovothiol, ovoselenol, ergothioneine, and ergoseloneine from OYYO and EYYE (where Y = S and/or Se).
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8
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Flotyńska J, Klause D, Kulecki M, Cieluch A, Chomicka-Pawlak R, Zozulińska-Ziółkiewicz D, Uruska A. Higher NADH Dehydrogenase [Ubiquinone] Iron–Sulfur Protein 8 (NDUFS8) Serum Levels Correlate with Better Insulin Sensitivity in Type 1 Diabetes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3872-3883. [PMID: 36135178 PMCID: PMC9497649 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44090266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron–sulfur protein 8 (NDUFS8) serum concentration as a marker of Complex I, and the relationship with insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Design and methods: Participants were adults with T1DM, recruited over the course of 1 year (2018–2019). NDUFS8 protein serum concentration was measured using the ELISA test. Insulin resistance was evaluated with indirect marker estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR). The group was divided on the base of median value of eGDR (higher eGDR—better insulin sensitivity). Results: The study group consists of 12 women and 24 men. Medians of eGDR and NDUFS8 protein concentration are 7.6 (5.58–8.99) mg/kg/min and 2.25 (0.72–3.81) ng/mL, respectively. The group with higher insulin sensitivity has higher NDUFS8 protein serum concentration, lower waist to hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), and they are younger. A negative correlation is observed between NDUFS8 protein serum concentration and WHR (rs = −0.35, p = 0.03), whereas a positive correlation is observed between NDUFS8 protein serum concentration and eGDR (rs = 0.43, p = 0.008). Univariate logistic regression shows a significant association between insulin sensitivity and lower age, as well as a higher NDUFS8 serum level. A multivariate logistic regression model confirms the significance (AOR 2.38 (1.04–5.48). p = 0.042). Multivariate linear regression confirms a significant association between insulin sensitivity and better mitochondrial function (beta = 0.54, p = 0.003), independent of age, duration of diabetes, and smoking. Conclusions: Higher NDUFS8 protein serum concentration is associated with higher insulin sensitivity among adults with T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Flotyńska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Raszeja Hospital, Mickiewicza 2, 60-834 Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Collegium Stomatologicum, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-8474579
| | - Daria Klause
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Raszeja Hospital, Mickiewicza 2, 60-834 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Kulecki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Raszeja Hospital, Mickiewicza 2, 60-834 Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Cieluch
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Raszeja Hospital, Mickiewicza 2, 60-834 Poznan, Poland
| | - Regina Chomicka-Pawlak
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, University Hospital of Lord’s Transfiguration, Długa ½, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dorota Zozulińska-Ziółkiewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Raszeja Hospital, Mickiewicza 2, 60-834 Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Uruska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Raszeja Hospital, Mickiewicza 2, 60-834 Poznan, Poland
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9
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Choi KM, Ryan KK, Yoon JC. Adipose Mitochondrial Complex I Deficiency Modulates Inflammation and Glucose Homeostasis in a Sex-Dependent Manner. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6529386. [PMID: 35171275 PMCID: PMC8900697 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction in adipose tissue has been associated with type 2 diabetes, but it is unclear whether it is a cause or the consequence. Mitochondrial complex I is a major site of reactive oxygen species generation and a therapeutic target. Here we report that genetic deletion of the complex I subunit Ndufs4 specifically in adipose tissue results in an increased propensity to develop diet-induced weight gain, glucose intolerance, and elevated levels of fat inflammatory genes. This outcome is apparent in young males but not in young females, suggesting that females are relatively protected from the adverse consequences of adipose mitochondrial dysfunction for metabolic health. Mutant mice of both sexes exhibit defects in brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) signaling in adipose tissue is selectively blunted in male mutant mice relative to wild-type littermates, consistent with sex-dependent regulation of its autocrine/paracrine action in adipocytes. Together, these findings support that adipocyte-specific mitochondrial dysfunction is sufficient to induce tissue inflammation and can cause systemic glucose abnormalities in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Mi Choi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Karen K Ryan
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - John C Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence: John C. Yoon, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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10
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Post A, Groothof D, Schutten JC, Flores‐Guerrero JL, Swarte JC, Douwes RM, Kema IP, de Boer RA, Garcia E, Connelly MA, Wallimann T, Dullaart RPF, Franssen CFM, Bakker SJL. Plasma creatine and incident type 2 diabetes in a general population-based cohort: The PREVEND study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2021; 94:563-574. [PMID: 33348429 PMCID: PMC8048485 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is associated with both impaired insulin action at target tissues and impaired insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction may play a role in both insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Plasma creatine has been proposed as a potential marker for mitochondrial dysfunction. We aimed to investigate the association between plasma creatine and incident type 2 diabetes. METHODS We measured fasting plasma creatine concentrations by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in participants of the general population-based PREVEND study. The study outcome was incident type 2 diabetes, defined as a fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dl); a random sample plasma glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dl); self-report of a physician diagnosis or the use of glucose-lowering medications based on a central pharmacy registration. Associations of plasma creatine with type 2 diabetes were quantified using Cox proportional hazards models and were adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS We included 4735 participants aged 52 ± 11 years, of whom 49% were male. Mean plasma creatine concentrations were 36.7 ± 17.6 µmol/L, with lower concentrations in males than in females (30.4 ± 15.1 µmol/L vs. 42.7 ± 17.7 µmol/L; p for difference <.001). During 7.3 [6.2-7.7] years of follow-up, 235 (5.4%) participants developed type 2 diabetes. Higher plasma creatine concentrations were associated with an increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes (HR per SD change: 1.27 [95% CI: 1.11-1.44]; p < .001), independent of potential confounders. This association was strongly modified by sex (p interaction <.001). Higher plasma creatine was associated with an increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes in males (HR: 1.40 [1.17-1.67]; p < .001), but not in females (HR: 1.10 [0.90-1.34]; p = .37). CONCLUSION Fasting plasma creatine concentrations are lower in males than in females. Higher plasma creatine is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Post
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Dion Groothof
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Joëlle C. Schutten
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jose L. Flores‐Guerrero
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - J. Casper Swarte
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Rianne M. Douwes
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Ido P. Kema
- Department of Laboratory MedicineUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A. de Boer
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Erwin Garcia
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (LabCorp)MorrisvilleNCUSA
| | - Marge A. Connelly
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (LabCorp)MorrisvilleNCUSA
| | | | - Robin P. F. Dullaart
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Casper F. M. Franssen
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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11
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Zhang CL, Han QW, Chen NH, Yuan YH. Research on developing drugs for Parkinson's disease. Brain Res Bull 2020; 168:100-109. [PMID: 33387636 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Current treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD) are mainly dopaminergic drugs. However, dopaminergic drugs are only symptomatic treatments and limited by several side effects. Recent studies into drug development focused on emerging new molecular mechanisms, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, nuclear receptor-related 1 (Nurr1), adenosine receptor A2, nicotine receptor, metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), and glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Also, immunotherapy and common pathological mechanisms shared with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and diabetes have attracted much attention. In this review, we summarized the development of preclinical and clinical studies of novel drugs and the improvement of dopaminergic drugs to provide a prospect for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica& Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qi-Wen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica& Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica& Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yu-He Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica& Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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12
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Rocha M, Apostolova N, Diaz-Rua R, Muntane J, Victor VM. Mitochondria and T2D: Role of Autophagy, ER Stress, and Inflammasome. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:725-741. [PMID: 32265079 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the main current threats to human health. Both T2D and its numerous clinical complications are related to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Over the past decade, great progress has been made in extending our knowledge about the signaling events regulated by mitochondria. However, the links among mitochondrial impairment, oxidative stress, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and activation of the inflammasome still need to be clarified. In light of this deficit, we aim to provide a review of the existing literature concerning the complicated crosstalk between mitochondrial impairment, autophagy, ER stress, and the inflammasome in the molecular pathogenesis of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Ruben Diaz-Rua
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Muntane
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital 'Virgen del Rocío'/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain; Department of General Surgery, University Hospital 'Virgen del Rocío'/CSIC/University of Seville/IBiS/CSIC/University of Seville, Spain
| | - Victor M Victor
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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13
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Iannantuoni F, M. de Marañon A, Abad-Jiménez Z, Canet F, Díaz-Pozo P, López-Domènech S, Morillas C, Rocha M, Víctor VM. Mitochondrial Alterations and Enhanced Human Leukocyte/Endothelial Cell Interactions in Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072155. [PMID: 32650465 PMCID: PMC7408780 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes has been associated with oxidative stress. This study evaluates the rates of oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, leukocyte–endothelium interactions and adhesion molecules in type 1 diabetic patients. The study population consisted of 52 diabetic patients and 46 body-composition and age-matched controls. We assessed anthropometric and metabolic parameters, oxidative stress and mitochondrial function by evaluating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) expression in polymorphonuclear leukocytes from type 1 diabetic patients. In addition, we evaluated interactions between leukocytes and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), and serum expression of adhesion molecules (P-selectin, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNFα) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). HbA1C and glucose levels were higher in diabetic patients than in control subjects, as expected. Mitochondrial function was altered and leukocyte–endothelium interactions were enhanced in diabetic patients, which was evident in the increase in total and mitochondrial ROS production, higher mitochondrial membrane potential, enhanced leukocyte rolling and adhesion, and decreased rolling velocity. Furthermore, we observed an increase in levels of adhesion molecules P-selectin, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 in these subjects. In addition, type 1 diabetic patients exhibited an increase in proinflammatory mediators TNFα and MPO, and a decreased expression of SOD. The enhancement of leukocyte–endothelium interactions and proinflammatory markers correlated with glucose and HbA1Clevels. Mitochondrial alteration, oxidative stress, and enhanced leukocyte–endothelium interactions are features of type 1 diabetes and may be related to cardiovascular implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Iannantuoni
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (F.I.); (A.M.d.M.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Aranzazu M. de Marañon
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (F.I.); (A.M.d.M.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Zaida Abad-Jiménez
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (F.I.); (A.M.d.M.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Francisco Canet
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (F.I.); (A.M.d.M.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Pedro Díaz-Pozo
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (F.I.); (A.M.d.M.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Sandra López-Domènech
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (F.I.); (A.M.d.M.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Carlos Morillas
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (F.I.); (A.M.d.M.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (F.I.); (A.M.d.M.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
- CIBERehd—Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (V.M.V.)
| | - Víctor M. Víctor
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46017 Valencia, Spain; (F.I.); (A.M.d.M.); (Z.A.-J.); (F.C.); (P.D.-P.); (S.L.-D.); (C.M.)
- CIBERehd—Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (V.M.V.)
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14
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Apostolova N, Iannantuoni F, Gruevska A, Muntane J, Rocha M, Victor VM. Mechanisms of action of metformin in type 2 diabetes: Effects on mitochondria and leukocyte-endothelium interactions. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101517. [PMID: 32535544 PMCID: PMC7296337 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a very prevalent, multisystemic, chronic metabolic disorder closely related to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. It is characterised by mitochondrial dysfunction and the presence of oxidative stress. Metformin is one of the safest and most effective anti-hyperglycaemic agents currently employed as first-line oral therapy for T2D. It has demonstrated additional beneficial effects, unrelated to its hypoglycaemic action, on weight loss and several diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders and metabolic diseases, including thyroid diseases. Despite the vast clinical experience gained over several decades of use, the mechanism of action of metformin is still not fully understood. This review provides an overview of the existing literature concerning the beneficial mitochondrial and vascular effects of metformin, which it exerts by diminishing oxidative stress and reducing leukocyte-endothelium interactions. Specifically, we describe the molecular mechanisms involved in metformin's effect on gluconeogenesis, its capacity to interfere with major metabolic pathways (AMPK and mTORC1), its action on mitochondria and its antioxidant effects. We also discuss potential targets for therapeutic intervention based on these molecular actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda Apostolova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia - FISABIO (Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region), Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd (Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Francesca Iannantuoni
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition. University Hospital Doctor Peset, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aleksandra Gruevska
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia - FISABIO (Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Muntane
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), University Hospital "Virgen del Rocío"/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- CIBERehd (Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases), Valencia, Spain; Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition. University Hospital Doctor Peset, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor M Victor
- CIBERehd (Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Hepatic and Digestive Diseases), Valencia, Spain; Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition. University Hospital Doctor Peset, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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15
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Dietary weight loss intervention improves subclinical atherosclerosis and oxidative stress markers in leukocytes of obese humans. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 43:2200-2209. [PMID: 30622308 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between caloric restriction-mediated weight loss and the generation of ROS and its effects on atherosclerotic markers in obesity is not fully understood. Therefore, we set out to investigate whether dietary weight loss intervention improves markers of oxidative stress in leukocytes and subclinical parameters of atherosclerosis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This was an interventional study of 59 obese subjects (BMI > 35 kg/m2) who underwent 6 months of dietary therapy, including a 6-week very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) followed by an 18-week low-calorie diet (LCD). We determined clinical parameters, inflammatory markers-hsCRP, TNFα and NFκB -, oxidative stress parameters-total superoxide, glutathione, catalase activity and protein carbonyl groups-, soluble cellular adhesion molecules-sICAM, sP-selectin, sPSGL-1 -, myeloperoxidase (MPO), leukocyte-endothelium cell interactions-rolling flux, velocity and adhesion-and LDL subfractions, before and after the dietary intervention. RESULTS After losing weight, an improvement was observed in the patients' anthropometric, blood pressure and metabolic parameters, and was associated with reduced inflammatory response (hsCRP, TNFα and NFκB). Oxidative stress parameters improved, since superoxide production and protein carbonyl content were reduced and antioxidant systems were enhanced. In addition, a significant reduction of subclinical markers of atherosclerosis-small and dense LDL particles, MPO, sP-selectin and leukocyte adhesion-and an increase in soluble PSGL-1 were reported. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that the improvement of subclinical atherosclerotic markers after dietary weight loss intervention is associated with a reduction of oxidative stress in leukocytes and inflammatory pathways, suggesting that these are the underlying mechanisms responsible for the reduced risk of cardiovascular disease in obese subjects after losing weight.
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16
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Escribano-Lopez I, Diaz-Morales N, Iannantuoni F, Lopez-Domenech S, de Marañon AM, Abad-Jimenez Z, Bañuls C, Rovira-Llopis S, Herance JR, Rocha M, Victor VM. The mitochondrial antioxidant SS-31 increases SIRT1 levels and ameliorates inflammation, oxidative stress and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15862. [PMID: 30367115 PMCID: PMC6203778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing focus on mitochondrial impairment and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in type 2 diabetes (T2D), and the development of novel therapeutic strategies in this context. It is unknown whether mitochondrial-targeting antioxidants such as SS-31 protect sufficiently against oxidative damage in diabetes. We aimed to evaluate if SS-31 modulates SIRT1 levels and ameliorates leukocyte-endothelium interactions, oxidative stress and inflammation in T2D patients. Anthropometric and metabolic parameters were studied in 51 T2D patients and 57 controls. Production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential, glutathione content, leukocyte-endothelium interactions, NFκB-p65, TNFα and SIRT1 levels was measured in leukocytes treated or not with SS-31. We observed increased mitochondrial ROS production that was restored by SS-31 treatment. SS-31 also increased mitochondrial membrane potential, glutathione content, SIRT1 levels and leukocyte rolling velocity and reduced rolling flux and adhesion in T2D patients. NFκB-p65 and TNFα, which were enhanced in diabetic patients, were also reduced by SS-31 treatment. Our results reveal that SS-31 exerts beneficial effects on the leukocytes of T2D patients by reducing oxidative stress, leukocyte-endothelium interactions, NFκB and TNFα and by increasing SIRT1 levels. These actions support its use as a potential agent against CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Escribano-Lopez
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Noelia Diaz-Morales
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Francesca Iannantuoni
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Lopez-Domenech
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Aranzazu M de Marañon
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Zaida Abad-Jimenez
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Rovira-Llopis
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose R Herance
- Medical Molecular Imaging Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), CIBBIM Nanomedicine, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain. .,CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Victor M Victor
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain. .,CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. .,Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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17
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López-Domènech S, Bañuls C, Díaz-Morales N, Escribano-López I, Morillas C, Veses S, Orden S, Álvarez Á, Víctor VM, Hernández-Mijares A, Rocha M. Obesity impairs leukocyte-endothelium cell interactions and oxidative stress in humans. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48:e12985. [PMID: 29924382 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the relationship between leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and oxidative stress parameters in non-diabetic patients with different grades of obesity. MATERIAL AND METHODS For this cross-sectional study, 225 subjects were recruited from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2016 and divided into groups according to BMI (<30 kg/m2 , 30-40 kg/m2 and >40 kg/m²). We determined clinical parameters, systemic inflammatory markers, soluble cellular adhesion molecules, leukocyte-endothelium cell interactions-rolling flux, velocity and adhesion-, oxidative stress parameters-total ROS, total superoxide, glutathione-and mitochondrial membrane potential in leukocytes. RESULTS We verified that HOMA-IR and hsCRP increased progressively as obesity developed, whereas A1c, IL6 and TNFα were augmented in the BMI > 40 kg/m² group. The cellular adhesion molecule sP-selectin was increased in patients with obesity, while sICAM, total ROS, total superoxide and mitochondrial membrane potential were selectively higher in the BMI > 40 kg/m² group. Obesity induced a progressive decrease in rolling velocity and an enhancement of rolling flux and leukocyte adhesion. CONCLUSION Our findings reveal that endothelial dysfunction markers are altered in human obesity and are associated with proinflammatory cytokines and increased oxidative stress parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra López-Domènech
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain.,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Noelia Díaz-Morales
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Escribano-López
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Morillas
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Veses
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Samuel Orden
- CIBER CB06/04/0071 Research Group, CIBER Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángeles Álvarez
- CIBER CB06/04/0071 Research Group, CIBER Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Víctor M Víctor
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain.,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER CB06/04/0071 Research Group, CIBER Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernández-Mijares
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain.,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain.,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER CB06/04/0071 Research Group, CIBER Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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18
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Diminished stress resistance and defective adaptive homeostasis in age-related diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2573-2599. [PMID: 29070521 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive homeostasis is defined as the transient expansion or contraction of the homeostatic range following exposure to subtoxic, non-damaging, signaling molecules or events, or the removal or cessation of such molecules or events (Mol. Aspects Med. (2016) 49, 1-7). Adaptive homeostasis allows us to transiently adapt (and then de-adapt) to fluctuating levels of internal and external stressors. The ability to cope with transient changes in internal and external environmental stress, however, diminishes with age. Declining adaptive homeostasis may make older people more susceptible to many diseases. Chronic oxidative stress and defective protein homeostasis (proteostasis) are two major factors associated with the etiology of age-related disorders. In the present paper, we review the contribution of impaired responses to oxidative stress and defective adaptive homeostasis in the development of age-associated diseases.
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Rovira-Llopis S, Bañuls C, de Marañon AM, Diaz-Morales N, Jover A, Garzon S, Rocha M, Victor VM, Hernandez-Mijares A. Low testosterone levels are related to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and altered subclinical atherosclerotic markers in type 2 diabetic male patients. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:155-162. [PMID: 28359952 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low testosterone levels in men are associated with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk. However, the role of testosterone in mitochondrial function and leukocyte-endothelium interactions is unknown. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between testosterone levels, metabolic parameters, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, inflammation and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in type 2 diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was performed in 280 male type 2 diabetic patients and 50 control subjects. Anthropometric and metabolic parameters, testosterone levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential, TNFα, adhesion molecules and leukocyte-endothelium cell interactions were evaluated. RESULTS Testosterone levels were lower in diabetic patients. Total and mitochondrial ROS were increased and mitochondrial membrane potential, SOD and GSR expression levels were reduced in diabetic patients. TNFα, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels, leukocyte rolling flux and adhesion were all enhanced in diabetic patients, while rolling velocity was reduced. Testosterone levels correlated negatively with glucose, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, triglycerides, nonHDL-c, ApoB, hs-CRP and AIP, and positively with HDL-c and ApoA1. The multivariable regression model showed that HDL-c, HOMA-IR and age were independently associated with testosterone. Furthermore, testosterone levels correlated positively with membrane potential and rolling velocity and negatively with ROS production, VCAM-1, rolling flux and adhesion. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlight that low testosterone levels in diabetic men are related to impaired metabolic profile and mitochondrial function and enhanced inflammation and leukocyte-endothelium cell interaction, which leaves said patients at risk of cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rovira-Llopis
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Aranzazu M de Marañon
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Noelia Diaz-Morales
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Jover
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Garzon
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain; CIBER CB06/04/0071 Research Group, CIBER Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor M Victor
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain; CIBER CB06/04/0071 Research Group, CIBER Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Hernandez-Mijares
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset-FISABIO, Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Rovira-Llopis S, Bañuls C, Diaz-Morales N, Hernandez-Mijares A, Rocha M, Victor VM. Mitochondrial dynamics in type 2 diabetes: Pathophysiological implications. Redox Biol 2017; 11:637-645. [PMID: 28131082 PMCID: PMC5284490 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in maintaining cellular metabolic homeostasis. These organelles have a high plasticity and are involved in dynamic processes such as mitochondrial fusion and fission, mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. Type 2 diabetes is characterised by mitochondrial dysfunction, high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and low levels of ATP. Mitochondrial fusion is modulated by different proteins, including mitofusin-1 (MFN1), mitofusin-2 (MFN2) and optic atrophy (OPA-1), while fission is controlled by mitochondrial fission 1 (FIS1), dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) and mitochondrial fission factor (MFF). PARKIN and (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) participate in the process of mitophagy, for which mitochondrial fission is necessary. In this review, we discuss the molecular pathways of mitochondrial dynamics, their impairment under type 2 diabetes, and pharmaceutical approaches for targeting mitochondrial dynamics, such as mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (mdivi-1), dynasore, P110 and 15-oxospiramilactone. Furthermore, we discuss the pathophysiological implications of impaired mitochondrial dynamics, especially in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rovira-Llopis
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Noelia Diaz-Morales
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernandez-Mijares
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor M Victor
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Liu D, Wang R, Grant AR, Zhang J, Gordon PM, Wei Y, Chen P. Immune adaptation to chronic intense exercise training: new microarray evidence. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:29. [PMID: 28056786 PMCID: PMC5216585 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3388-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endurance exercise training, especially the high-intensity training, exhibits a strong influence on the immune system. However, the mechanisms underpinning the immune-regulatory effect of exercise remain unclear. Consequently, we chose to investigate the alterations in the transcriptional profile of blood leukocytes in young endurance athletes as compared with healthy sedentary controls, using Affymetrix human gene 1.1 ST array. RESULTS Group differences in the transcriptome were analyzed using Intensity-based Hierarchical Bayes method followed by a Logistic Regression-based gene set enrichment method. We identified 72 significant transcripts differentially expressed in the leukocyte transcriptome of young endurance athletes as compared with non-athlete controls with a false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05, comprising mainly the genes encoding ribosomal proteins and the genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Gene set enrichment analysis identified three major gene set clusters: two were up-regulated in athletes including gene translation and ribosomal protein production, and mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation and biogenesis; one gene set cluster identified as transcriptionally downregulated in athletes was related to inflammation and immune activity. CONCLUSION Our data indicates that in young healthy individuals, intense endurance exercise training (exemplifed by athletic training) can chronically induce transcriptional changes in the peripheral blood leukocytes, upregulating genes related to protein production and mitochondrial energetics, and downregulating genes involved in inflammatory response. The findings of the study also provide support for the notion that peripheral blood can be used as a surrogate tissue to study the systemic effect of exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Qinyuanhuan Road, #650, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Qinyuanhuan Road, #650, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Ana R. Grant
- Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics / Bioinformatics Core, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Jinming Zhang
- College of sports medicine and rehabilitation, Taishan Medical University, Shandong Province, China
| | - Paul M. Gordon
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX USA
| | - Yuqin Wei
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Qinyuanhuan Road, #650, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijie Chen
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Qinyuanhuan Road, #650, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
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22
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Escribano-Lopez I, Diaz-Morales N, Rovira-Llopis S, de Marañon AM, Orden S, Alvarez A, Bañuls C, Rocha M, Murphy MP, Hernandez-Mijares A, Victor VM. The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ modulates oxidative stress, inflammation and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in leukocytes isolated from type 2 diabetic patients. Redox Biol 2016; 10:200-205. [PMID: 27810734 PMCID: PMC5094376 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is not known if the mitochondria-targeted antioxidants such as mitoquinone (MitoQ) can modulate oxidative stress and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in T2D patients. We aimed to evaluate the beneficial effect of MitoQ on oxidative stress parameters and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in leukocytes of T2D patients. The study population consisted of 98 T2D patients and 71 control subjects. We assessed metabolic and anthropometric parameters, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX-1), NFκB-p65, TNFα and leukocyte-endothelium interactions. Diabetic patients exhibited higher weight, BMI, waist circumference, SBP, DBP, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, triglycerides, hs-CRP and lower HDL-c with respect to controls. Mitochondrial ROS production was enhanced in T2D patients and decreased by MitoQ. The antioxidant also increased GPX-1 levels and PMN rolling velocity and decreased PMN rolling flux and PMN adhesion in T2D patients. NFκB-p65 and TNFα were augmented in T2D and were both reduced by MitoQ treatment. Our findings support that the antioxidant MitoQ has an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action in the leukocytes of T2D patients by decreasing ROS production, leukocyte-endothelium interactions and TNFα through the action of NFκB. These data suggest that mitochondria-targeted antioxidants such as MitoQ should be investigated as a novel means of preventing cardiovascular events in T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Escribano-Lopez
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Noelia Diaz-Morales
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Rovira-Llopis
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Arantxa Martinez de Marañon
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Samuel Orden
- CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Angeles Alvarez
- CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Hernandez-Mijares
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor M Victor
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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23
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Di Meo S, Reed TT, Venditti P, Victor VM. Role of ROS and RNS Sources in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:1245049. [PMID: 27478531 PMCID: PMC4960346 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1245049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 756] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is significant evidence that, in living systems, free radicals and other reactive oxygen and nitrogen species play a double role, because they can cause oxidative damage and tissue dysfunction and serve as molecular signals activating stress responses that are beneficial to the organism. Mitochondria have been thought to both play a major role in tissue oxidative damage and dysfunction and provide protection against excessive tissue dysfunction through several mechanisms, including stimulation of opening of permeability transition pores. Until recently, the functional significance of ROS sources different from mitochondria has received lesser attention. However, the most recent data, besides confirming the mitochondrial role in tissue oxidative stress and protection, show interplay between mitochondria and other ROS cellular sources, so that activation of one can lead to activation of other sources. Thus, it is currently accepted that in various conditions all cellular sources of ROS provide significant contribution to processes that oxidatively damage tissues and assure their survival, through mechanisms such as autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Di Meo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Tanea T. Reed
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, KY 40475, USA
| | - Paola Venditti
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Victor Manuel Victor
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Wu J, Jin Z, Zheng H, Yan LJ. Sources and implications of NADH/NAD(+) redox imbalance in diabetes and its complications. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2016; 9:145-53. [PMID: 27274295 PMCID: PMC4869616 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s106087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
NAD(+) is a fundamental molecule in metabolism and redox signaling. In diabetes and its complications, the balance between NADH and NAD(+) can be severely perturbed. On one hand, NADH is overproduced due to influx of hyperglycemia to the glycolytic and Krebs cycle pathways and activation of the polyol pathway. On the other hand, NAD(+) can be diminished or depleted by overactivation of poly ADP ribose polymerase that uses NAD(+) as its substrate. Moreover, sirtuins, another class of enzymes that also use NAD(+) as their substrate for catalyzing protein deacetylation reactions, can also affect cellular content of NAD(+). Impairment of NAD(+) regeneration enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase in erythrocytes and complex I in mitochondria can also contribute to NADH accumulation and NAD(+) deficiency. The consequence of NADH/NAD(+) redox imbalance is initially reductive stress that eventually leads to oxidative stress and oxidative damage to macromolecules, including DNA, lipids, and proteins. Accordingly, redox imbalance-triggered oxidative damage has been thought to be a major factor contributing to the development of diabetes and its complications. Future studies on restoring NADH/NAD(+) redox balance could provide further insights into design of novel antidiabetic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Zhen Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
- Department of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
- Correspondence: Liang-Jun Yan, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA, Tel +1 817 735 2386, Fax +1 817 735 2603, Email
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Rovira-Llopis S, Díaz-Morales N, Bañuls C, Blas-García A, Polo M, López-Domenech S, Jover A, Rocha M, Hernández-Mijares A, Víctor VM. Is Autophagy Altered in the Leukocytes of Type 2 Diabetic Patients? Antioxid Redox Signal 2015. [PMID: 26218267 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
It is unknown whether autophagy is altered in the leukocytes of type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients and whether oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresses regulate this mechanism. We studied anthropometric and metabolic parameters and evaluated oxidative stress, chromatin condensation, ER stress, and autophagy parameters in leukocytes of 103 T2D patients versus 109 sex- and age-matched controls. Patients showed increases in glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) compared with controls (p < 0.001). Leukocytes displayed enhanced total and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced mitochondrial mass, and increased chromatin condensation (p < 0.05). ER stress was also activated in diabetic patients, who displayed augmented glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa (GRP78), phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2, subunit 1 alpha (P-eIF2α), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) levels (p < 0.05). We also observed an increase in the autophagy markers, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)-II and Beclin 1 (p < 0.05), and significant positive correlations between Beclin 1 and total ROS (r = 0.667), GRP78 (r = 0.925) and P-eIF2α (r = 0.644), and between LC3-II and P-eIF2α (r = 0.636) and ATF6 (r = 0.601). Our results lead to the hypothesis that autophagy is activated in the leukocytes of T2D patients and that both oxidative and ER stress signaling pathways may be implicated in the induction of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rovira-Llopis
- 1 Service of Endocrinology, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset , Valencia, Spain .,2 Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Noelia Díaz-Morales
- 1 Service of Endocrinology, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset , Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- 1 Service of Endocrinology, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset , Valencia, Spain .,2 Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Blas-García
- 1 Service of Endocrinology, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset , Valencia, Spain .,3 CIBERehd-Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Miriam Polo
- 1 Service of Endocrinology, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset , Valencia, Spain .,3 CIBERehd-Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra López-Domenech
- 1 Service of Endocrinology, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset , Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Jover
- 1 Service of Endocrinology, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset , Valencia, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- 1 Service of Endocrinology, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset , Valencia, Spain .,2 Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain .,3 CIBERehd-Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernández-Mijares
- 1 Service of Endocrinology, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset , Valencia, Spain .,2 Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain .,4 Department of Medicine, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
| | - Víctor M Víctor
- 1 Service of Endocrinology, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), University Hospital Doctor Peset , Valencia, Spain .,2 Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain .,3 CIBERehd-Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain .,5 Department of Physiology, University of Valencia , Valencia, Spain
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Victor VM, Rovira-Llopis S, Bañuls C, Diaz-Morales N, Castelló R, Falcón R, Gómez M, Rocha M, Hernández-Mijares A. Effects of metformin on mitochondrial function of leukocytes from polycystic ovary syndrome patients with insulin resistance. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 173:683-91. [PMID: 26320144 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-0572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are implicated in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The present study assesses the effect of metformin treatment on mitochondrial function in polymorphonuclear cells from PCOS subjects. Additionally, we evaluate endocrine parameters and levels of interleukin 6 (IL6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). DESIGN AND METHODS Our study population was comprised of 35 women of reproductive age diagnosed with PCOS and treated with metformin for 12 weeks, and their corresponding controls (n=41), adjusted by age and BMI. We evaluated the alteration of endocrinological and anthropometrical parameters and androgen levels. Mitochondrial O2 consumption (using a Clark-type O2 electrode), membrane potential, mitochondrial mass, and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) (by means of fluorescence microscopy) were assessed in poymorphonuclear cells. H2O2 was evaluated with the Amplex Red(R) H2O2/Peroxidase Assay kit. IL6 and TNFα were measured using the Luminex 200 flow analyser system. RESULTS Metformin had beneficial effects on patients by increasing mitochondrial O2 consumption, membrane potential, mitochondrial mass and glutathione levels, and by decreasing levels of reactive oxygen species and H2O2. In addition, metformin reduced glucose, follicle-stimulating hormone, IL6 and TNFα levels and increased dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels. HOMA-IR and mitochondrial function biomarkers positively correlated with ROS production (r=0.486, P=0.025), GSH content (r=0.710, P=0.049) and H2O2 (r=0.837, P=0.010), and negatively correlated with membrane potential (r=-0.829, P=0.011) at baseline. These differences disappeared after metformin treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the beneficial effects of metformin treatment on mitochondrial function in leukocytes of PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Victor
- Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Rovira-Llopis
- Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Noelia Diaz-Morales
- Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raquel Castelló
- Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Falcón
- Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marcelino Gómez
- Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernández-Mijares
- Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain Service of EndocrinologyUniversity Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Avenida Gaspar Aguilar 90, 46017 Valencia, SpainInstitute of Health Research INCLIVAUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainCIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, SpainDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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27
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Hernández-Mijares A, Bañuls C, Rovira-Llopis S, Álvarez Á, Orden S, Rubio-Puchol O, Víctor VM, Rocha M. Chronic consumption of an inositol-enriched beverage ameliorates endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Víctor VM, Rovira-Llopis S, Saiz-Alarcón V, Sangüesa MC, Rojo-Bofill L, Bañuls C, de Pablo C, Álvarez Á, Rojo L, Rocha M, Hernández-Mijares A. Involvement of leucocyte/endothelial cell interactions in anorexia nervosa. Eur J Clin Invest 2015; 45:670-8. [PMID: 25944525 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa is a common psychiatric disorder in adolescence and is related to cardiovascular complications. Our aim was to study the effect of anorexia nervosa on metabolic parameters, leucocyte-endothelium interactions, adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. MATERIALS AND METHODS This multicentre, cross-sectional, case-control study employed a population of 24 anorexic female patients and 36 controls. We evaluated anthropometric and metabolic parameters, interactions between leucocytes polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), proinflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) including E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). RESULTS Anorexia nervosa was related to a decrease in weight, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR, and an increase in HDL cholesterol. These effects disappeared after adjusting for BMI. Anorexia nervosa induced a decrease in PMN rolling velocity and an increase in PMN rolling flux and PMN adhesion. Increases in IL-6 and TNF-α and adhesion molecule VCAM-1 were also observed. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the hypothesis of an association between anorexia nervosa, inflammation and the induction of leucocyte-endothelium interactions. These findings may explain, in part at least, the increased risk of vascular disease among patients with anorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M Víctor
- Foundation for the Promotion of Healthcare and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.,Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Rovira-Llopis
- Foundation for the Promotion of Healthcare and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.,Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Celia Bañuls
- Foundation for the Promotion of Healthcare and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.,Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen de Pablo
- Department of Pharmacology and CIBER CB06/04/0071 Research Group, CIBER Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángeles Álvarez
- Department of Pharmacology and CIBER CB06/04/0071 Research Group, CIBER Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Fundacion General de la Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Rojo
- Psychiatry Service, University Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Research Group CIBER CB/06/02/0045 CIBER actions - Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Foundation for the Promotion of Healthcare and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.,Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernández-Mijares
- Foundation for the Promotion of Healthcare and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.,Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain.,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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29
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Luo X, Li R, Yan LJ. Roles of Pyruvate, NADH, and Mitochondrial Complex I in Redox Balance and Imbalance in β Cell Function and Dysfunction. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:512618. [PMID: 26568959 PMCID: PMC4629043 DOI: 10.1155/2015/512618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cells not only use glucose as an energy source, but also sense blood glucose levels for insulin secretion. While pyruvate and NADH metabolic pathways are known to be involved in regulating insulin secretion in response to glucose stimulation, the roles of many other components along the metabolic pathways remain poorly understood. Such is the case for mitochondrial complex I (NADH/ubiquinone oxidoreductase). It is known that normal complex I function is absolutely required for episodic insulin secretion after a meal, but the role of complex I in β cells in the diabetic pancreas remains to be investigated. In this paper, we review the roles of pyruvate, NADH, and complex I in insulin secretion and hypothesize that complex I plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of β cell dysfunction in the diabetic pancreas. This hypothesis is based on the establishment that chronic hyperglycemia overloads complex I with NADH leading to enhanced complex I production of reactive oxygen species. As nearly all metabolic pathways are impaired in diabetes, understanding how complex I in the β cells copes with elevated levels of NADH in the diabetic pancreas may provide potential therapeutic strategies for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
- *Liang-Jun Yan:
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30
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Hartman ML, Shirihai OS, Holbrook M, Xu G, Kocherla M, Shah A, Fetterman JL, Kluge MA, Frame AA, Hamburg NM, Vita JA. Relation of mitochondrial oxygen consumption in peripheral blood mononuclear cells to vascular function in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Vasc Med 2014; 19:67-74. [PMID: 24558030 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x14521315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown mitochondrial dysfunction and increased production of reactive oxygen species in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and endothelial cells from patients with diabetes mellitus. Mitochondria oxygen consumption is coupled to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and also occurs in an uncoupled fashion during formation of reactive oxygen species by components of the electron transport chain and other enzymatic sites. We therefore hypothesized that diabetes would be associated with higher total and uncoupled oxygen consumption in PBMCs that would correlate with endothelial dysfunction. We developed a method to measure oxygen consumption in freshly isolated PBMCs and applied it to 26 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 28 non-diabetic controls. Basal (192 ± 47 vs 161 ± 44 pmoles/min, p = 0.01), uncoupled (64 ± 16 vs 53 ± 13 pmoles/min, p = 0.007), and maximal (795 ± 87 vs 715 ± 128 pmoles/min, p=0.01) oxygen consumption rates were higher in diabetic patients compared to controls. There were no significant correlations between oxygen consumption rates and endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation measured by vascular ultrasound. Non-endothelium-dependent nitroglycerin-mediated dilation was lower in diabetics (10.1 ± 6.6 vs 15.8 ± 4.8%, p = 0.03) and correlated with maximal oxygen consumption (r = -0.64, p=0.001). In summary, we found that diabetes mellitus is associated with a pattern of mitochondrial oxygen consumption consistent with higher production of reactive oxygen species. The correlation between oxygen consumption and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation may suggest a link between mitochondrial dysfunction and vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction that merits further study. Finally, the described method may have utility for the assessment of mitochondrial function in larger scale observational and interventional studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mor-Li Hartman
- Evans Department of Medicine and the Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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31
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Victor VM, Rovira-Llopis S, Saiz-Alarcon V, Sangüesa MC, Rojo-Bofill L, Bañuls C, Falcón R, Castelló R, Rojo L, Rocha M, Hernández-Mijares A. Altered mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in leukocytes of anorexia nervosa patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106463. [PMID: 25254642 PMCID: PMC4177818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Anorexia nervosa is a common illness among adolescents and is characterised by oxidative stress. Objective The effects of anorexia on mitochondrial function and redox state in leukocytes from anorexic subjects were evaluated. Design and setting A multi-centre, cross-sectional case-control study was performed. Patients Our study population consisted of 20 anorexic patients and 20 age-matched controls, all of which were Caucasian women. Main outcome measures Anthropometric and metabolic parameters were evaluated in the study population. To assess whether anorexia nervosa affects mitochondrial function and redox state in leukocytes of anorexic patients, we measured mitochondrial oxygen consumption, membrane potential, reactive oxygen species production, glutathione levels, mitochondrial mass, and complex I and III activity in polymorphonuclear cells. Results Mitochondrial function was impaired in the leukocytes of the anorexic patients. This was evident in a decrease in mitochondrial O2 consumption (P<0.05), mitochondrial membrane potential (P<0.01) and GSH levels (P<0.05), and an increase in ROS production (P<0.05) with respect to control subjects. Furthermore, a reduction of mitochondrial mass was detected in leukocytes of the anorexic patients (P<0.05), while the activity of mitochondrial complex I (P<0.001), but not that of complex III, was found to be inhibited in the same population. Conclusions Oxidative stress is produced in the leukocytes of anorexic patients and is closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Our results lead us to propose that the oxidative stress that occurs in anorexia takes place at mitochondrial complex I. Future research concerning mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress should aim to determine the physiological mechanism involved in this effect and the physiological impact of anorexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M. Victor
- Foundation for the Promotion of Healthcare and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail: (VMV); (AHM)
| | - Susana Rovira-Llopis
- Foundation for the Promotion of Healthcare and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vanessa Saiz-Alarcon
- Psychiatry Service, University Hospital La Fe, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria C. Sangüesa
- Psychiatry Service, University Hospital La Fe, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Rojo-Bofill
- Psychiatry Service, University Hospital La Fe, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- Foundation for the Promotion of Healthcare and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Falcón
- Foundation for the Promotion of Healthcare and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raquel Castelló
- Foundation for the Promotion of Healthcare and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Rojo
- Psychiatry Service, University Hospital La Fe, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Research Group CIBER CB/06/02/0045, CIBER actions, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Foundation for the Promotion of Healthcare and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernández-Mijares
- Foundation for the Promotion of Healthcare and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Community (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail: (VMV); (AHM)
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32
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Chen XL, Tang WX, Tang XH, Qin W, Gong M. Downregulation of uncoupling protein-2 by genipin exacerbates diabetes-induced kidney proximal tubular cells apoptosis. Ren Fail 2014; 36:1298-303. [PMID: 24964191 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2014.930650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal tubular epithelial cell injury is a major pathological event that contributes to the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2), a mitochondrial membrane protein, has been reported to participate in the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which contributes to tubular cell apoptosis induced by hyperglycemia. In this study, we found that genipin, a UCP2 inhibitor, dramatically boosted oxidative stress, attenuated antioxidative capacity, and exacerbated cell apoptosis accompanied with caspase-3 activation in rat renal proximal tubular cells (NRK-52E) incubated with high glucose. The present study results suggest that manipulation of UCP2 could be important in the prevention of oxidative stress damage in renal tubular epithelial cells induced by hyperglycemia in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-lei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China and
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33
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Moruzzi N, Del Sole M, Fato R, Gerdes JM, Berggren PO, Bergamini C, Brismar K. Short and prolonged exposure to hyperglycaemia in human fibroblasts and endothelial cells: metabolic and osmotic effects. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 53:66-76. [PMID: 24814290 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
High blood glucose levels are the main feature of diabetes. However, the underlying mechanism linking high glucose concentration to diabetic complications is still not fully elucidated, particularly with regard to human physiology. Excess of glucose is likely to trigger a metabolic response depending on the cell features, activating deleterious pathways involved in the complications of diabetes. In this study, we aim to elucidate how acute and prolonged hyperglycaemia alters the biology and metabolism in human fibroblasts and endothelial cells. We found that hyperglycaemia triggers a metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis that is maintained over prolonged time. Moreover, osmotic pressure is a major factor in the early metabolic response, decreasing both mitochondrial transmembrane potential and cellular proliferation. After prolonged exposure to hyperglycaemia we observed decreased mitochondrial steady-state and uncoupled respiration, together with a reduced ATP/ADP ratio. At the same time, we could not detect major changes in mitochondrial transmembrane potential and reactive oxygen species. We suggest that the physiological and metabolic alterations observed in healthy human primary fibroblasts and endothelial cells are an adaptive response to hyperglycaemia. The severity of metabolic and bioenergetics impairment associated with diabetic complications may occur after longer glucose exposure or due to interactions with cell types more sensitive to hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Moruzzi
- The Rolf Luft Research Center, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University/Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Marianna Del Sole
- The Rolf Luft Research Center, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University/Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Romana Fato
- Department of Pharmacology and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jantje M Gerdes
- The Rolf Luft Research Center, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University/Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Parkring 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- The Rolf Luft Research Center, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University/Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Bergamini
- Department of Pharmacology and Biotechnology (FaBiT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Kerstin Brismar
- The Rolf Luft Research Center, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University/Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
The growing epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity is largely attributed to the current lifestyle of over-consumption and physical inactivity. As the primary platform controlling metabolic and energy homeostasis, mitochondria show aberrant changes in T2DM and obese subjects. While the underlying mechanism is under extensive investigation, epigenetic regulation is now emerging to play an important role in mitochondrial biogenesis, function, and dynamics. In line with lifestyle modifications preventing mitochondrial alterations and metabolic disorders, exercise has been shown to change DNA methylation of the promoter of PGC1α to favor gene expression responsible for mitochondrial biogenesis and function. In this article we discuss the epigenetic mechanism of mitochondrial alteration in T2DM and obesity, and the effects of lifestyle on epigenetic regulation. Future studies designed to further explore and integrate the epigenetic mechanisms with lifestyle modification may lead to interdisciplinary interventions and novel preventive options for mitochondrial alteration and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Cheng
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise; Fralin Translational Obesity Research Center; Fralin Life Science Institute; College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, VA USA
| | - Fabio A Almeida
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise; Fralin Translational Obesity Research Center; Fralin Life Science Institute; College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, VA USA
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35
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Forbes LV, Sjögren T, Auchère F, Jenkins DW, Thong B, Laughton D, Hemsley P, Pairaudeau G, Turner R, Eriksson H, Unitt JF, Kettle AJ. Potent reversible inhibition of myeloperoxidase by aromatic hydroxamates. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:36636-47. [PMID: 24194519 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.507756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The neutrophil enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) promotes oxidative stress in numerous inflammatory pathologies by producing hypohalous acids. Its inadvertent activity is a prime target for pharmacological control. Previously, salicylhydroxamic acid was reported to be a weak reversible inhibitor of MPO. We aimed to identify related hydroxamates that are good inhibitors of the enzyme. We report on three hydroxamates as the first potent reversible inhibitors of MPO. The chlorination activity of purified MPO was inhibited by 50% by a 5 nm concentration of a trifluoromethyl-substituted aromatic hydroxamate, HX1. The hydroxamates were specific for MPO in neutrophils and more potent toward MPO compared with a broad range of redox enzymes and alternative targets. Surface plasmon resonance measurements showed that the strength of binding of hydroxamates to MPO correlated with the degree of enzyme inhibition. The crystal structure of MPO-HX1 revealed that the inhibitor was bound within the active site cavity above the heme and blocked the substrate channel. HX1 was a mixed-type inhibitor of the halogenation activity of MPO with respect to both hydrogen peroxide and halide. Spectral analyses demonstrated that hydroxamates can act variably as substrates for MPO and convert the enzyme to a nitrosyl ferrous intermediate. This property was unrelated to their ability to inhibit MPO. We propose that aromatic hydroxamates bind tightly to the active site of MPO and prevent it from producing hypohalous acids. This mode of reversible inhibition has potential for blocking the activity of MPO and limiting oxidative stress during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa V Forbes
- From the Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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Rovira-Llopis S, Rocha M, Falcon R, de Pablo C, Alvarez A, Jover A, Hernandez-Mijares A, Victor VM. Is myeloperoxidase a key component in the ROS-induced vascular damage related to nephropathy in type 2 diabetes? Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:1452-8. [PMID: 23521574 PMCID: PMC3797450 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
It is still unclear whether microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes correlate with leukocyte-endothelium interactions and/or myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels. In the present study, we found that serum levels of glucose, the rate of ROS and MPO concentration were higher in type 2 diabetic patients. Patients with nephropathy (39.6%) presented higher MPO levels that correlate positively with the albumin/creatinine ratio (r = 0.59, p<0.05). In addition, nephropatic patients showed increased leukocyte-endothelium interactions due to an undermining of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) rolling velocity and increased rolling flux and adhesion, which was accompanied by a rise in levels of the proinflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and the adhesion molecule E-selectin. Furthermore, MPO levels were positively correlated with PMN rolling flux (r = 0.855, p < 0.01) and adhesion (r = 0.682, p<0.05). Our results lead to the hypothesis that type 2 diabetes induces oxidative stress and an increase in MPO levels and leukocyte-endothelium interactions, and that these effects correlate with the development of nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rovira-Llopis
- 1 Fundacion para la Investigacion Sanitaria y Biomedica de la Comunidad Valenciana FISABIO, Endocrinology Service, University Hospital Doctor Peset , Valencia, Spain
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Hernandez-Mijares A, Rocha M, Rovira-Llopis S, Bañuls C, Bellod L, de Pablo C, Alvarez A, Roldan-Torres I, Sola-Izquierdo E, Victor VM. Human leukocyte/endothelial cell interactions and mitochondrial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients and their association with silent myocardial ischemia. Diabetes Care 2013; 36:1695-702. [PMID: 23300290 PMCID: PMC3661843 DOI: 10.2337/dc12-1224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes is associated with oxidative stress and increased mortality, but a possible correlation between leukocyte-endothelium interactions, oxidative stress, and silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) is yet to be confirmed. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Mitochondrial dysfunction and interactions between leukocytes and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were evaluated in 200 type 2 diabetic patients (25 with SMI) and 60 body composition- and age-matched control subjects. A possible correlation between these parameters and the onset of SMI was explored, and anthropometric and metabolic parameters were also analyzed. RESULTS Waist, levels of triglycerides, proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α), HbA1c, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), glucose, and insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were higher in diabetic patients than in control subjects. However, no statistical differences in hs-CRP and insulin levels were detected when the data were adjusted for waist. None of these parameters varied between SMI and non-SMI patients. Mitochondrial function was impaired and leukocyte-endothelium interactions were more frequent among diabetic patients, which was evident in the lower mitochondrial O2 consumption, membrane potential, polymorphonuclear cell rolling velocity, and GSH/GSSG ratio, and in the higher mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and rolling flux, adhesion, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin molecules observed in these subjects. Moreover, these differences correlated with SMI. Statistical differences were maintained after adjusting the data for BMI and waist, with the exception of VCAM-1 levels when adjusted for waist. CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endothelium-inducing leukocyte-endothelium interactions are features of type 2 diabetes and correlate with SMI.
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Rocha M, Apostolova N, Herance JR, Rovira-Llopis S, Hernandez-Mijares A, Victor VM. Perspectives and Potential Applications of Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants in Cardiometabolic Diseases and Type 2 Diabetes. Med Res Rev 2013; 34:160-89. [PMID: 23650093 DOI: 10.1002/med.21285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Rocha
- Fundacion para la Investigacion Sanitaria y Biomedica de la Comunidad Valenciana FISABIO; Valencia Spain
- University Hospital Doctor Peset, Endocrinology Service; Valencia Spain
- INCLIVA Foundation; Valencia Spain
| | - Nadezda Apostolova
- Department of Pharmacology and CIBER CB06/04/0071 Research Group, CIBER Hepatic and Digestive Diseases; University of Valencia; Valencia Spain
| | - Jose Raul Herance
- CRC-Centre d'Imatge Molecular (CRC-CIM), Parc de Recerca Biomedica de Barcelona (PRBB); Barcelona Spain
| | - Susana Rovira-Llopis
- Fundacion para la Investigacion Sanitaria y Biomedica de la Comunidad Valenciana FISABIO; Valencia Spain
- University Hospital Doctor Peset, Endocrinology Service; Valencia Spain
| | - Antonio Hernandez-Mijares
- Fundacion para la Investigacion Sanitaria y Biomedica de la Comunidad Valenciana FISABIO; Valencia Spain
- University Hospital Doctor Peset, Endocrinology Service; Valencia Spain
- INCLIVA Foundation; Valencia Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia; Valencia Spain
| | - Victor M. Victor
- Fundacion para la Investigacion Sanitaria y Biomedica de la Comunidad Valenciana FISABIO; Valencia Spain
- University Hospital Doctor Peset, Endocrinology Service; Valencia Spain
- INCLIVA Foundation; Valencia Spain
- Department of Pharmacology and CIBER CB06/04/0071 Research Group, CIBER Hepatic and Digestive Diseases; University of Valencia; Valencia Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia; Valencia Spain
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Khan S, Raghuram GV, Pathak N, Jain SK, Chandra DH, Mishra PK. Impairment of mitochondrial-nuclear cross talk in neutrophils of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Indian J Clin Biochem 2013; 29:38-44. [PMID: 24478547 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-013-0321-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Increased leukocyte apoptosis is intrinsically linked to disease patho-physiology, susceptibility to and severity of infections in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. A consistent defect in neutrophil function is considered central to this increased risk for infections. Although redox imbalance is considered a potential mediator of these associated complications, detailed molecular evidence in clinical samples remains largely undetected. The study consisted of three groups (n = 50 each) of Asian Indians: early diagnosed diabetic patients, cases with late-onset diabetic complications and age and gender-matched healthy controls. We evaluated mitochondrial oxidative stress, levels of nuclear DNA damage and apoptosis in peripheral blood neutrophils isolated from T2DM patients. We observed that in both early and late diabetic subjects, the HbA1c levels in neutrophils were altered considerably with respect to healthy controls. Increased oxidative stress observed in both early and late diabetics imply the disentanglement of fine equilibrium of mitochondria-nuclear cross talk which eventually effected the augmentation of downstream nuclear γH2AX activation and caspase-3 expression. It would be overly naïve to refute the fact that mitochondrial deregulation in neutrophils perturbs immunological balance in type 2 diabetic conditions. By virtue of our data, we posit that maneuvering mitochondrial function might offer a prospective and viable method to modulate neutrophil function in T2DM. Nevertheless, similar investigations from other ethnic groups in conjunction with experimental evidences would be a preeminent need. Obviously, our study might aid to comprehend this complex interplay between mitochondrial dysfunction and neutrophil homeostasis in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. HS Gour Central University, Sagar, India ; Department of Research, Bhopal Memorial Hospital & Research Centre, Bhopal, India
| | - Gorantla V Raghuram
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. HS Gour Central University, Sagar, India ; Department of Research, Bhopal Memorial Hospital & Research Centre, Bhopal, India ; Division of Translational Research, Tata Memorial Centre, ACTREC, Navi Mumbai, 410 210 India
| | - Neelam Pathak
- Department of Research, Bhopal Memorial Hospital & Research Centre, Bhopal, India
| | - Subodh K Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. HS Gour Central University, Sagar, India
| | - Dolly H Chandra
- Department of Research, Bhopal Memorial Hospital & Research Centre, Bhopal, India
| | - Pradyumna K Mishra
- Department of Research, Bhopal Memorial Hospital & Research Centre, Bhopal, India ; Division of Translational Research, Tata Memorial Centre, ACTREC, Navi Mumbai, 410 210 India
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Zhang DX, Yan H, Hu JY, Zhang JP, Teng M, Tong DL, Xiang F, Zhang Q, Fang YD, Liang GP, Huang YS. Identification of mitochondria translation elongation factor Tu as a contributor to oxidative damage of postburn myocardium. J Proteomics 2012; 77:469-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Domínguez RO, Marschoff ER, González SE, Repetto MG, Serra JA. Type 2 diabetes and/or its treatment leads to less cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012; 98:68-74. [PMID: 22658669 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the cognitive performance of a homogeneous population of Alzheimer's disease (AD), non-demented Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DIAB), demented with concomitant diseases (AD+DIAB) and healthy control subjects. AD is a progressive dementia disorder characterized clinically by impairment of memory, cognition and behavior. Recently, a major research interest in AD has been placed on early evaluation. Diabetes is one of the clinical conditions that represent the greatest risk of developing oxidative stress and dementia. Glucose overload, leading to the development of impaired-induced insulin secretion in DIAB and has been suggested to slow or deter AD pathogenesis. METHODS The degree of cognitive impairment was determined on the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive (ADAS-Cog) and the Folstein's Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE); the severity of dementia was quantified applying the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) test; the Hamilton test was employed to evaluate depressive conditions; the final population studied was 101 subjects. RESULTS The cognitive deterioration is statistically significantly lower (p<0.05) in AD+DIAB patients as compared with AD patients. CONCLUSIONS In this longitudinal study the superimposed diabetic condition was associated with a lower rate of cognitive decline, while diabetic non-demented patients and controls present normal scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl O Domínguez
- Sirio-Libanés Hospital, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Jørgensen W, Jelnes P, Rud KA, Hansen LL, Grunnet N, Quistorff B. Progression of type 2 diabetes in GK rats affects muscle and liver mitochondria differently: pronounced reduction of complex II flux is observed in liver only. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 303:E515-23. [PMID: 22713504 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00103.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Impaired mitochondrial function is implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This was investigated in mitochondria from skeletal muscle and liver of the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat, which spontaneously develops T2DM with age. The early and the manifest stage of T2DM was studied in 6- and 16-wk-old GK rats, respectively. In GK16 compared with GK6 animals, a decrease in state 3 respiration with palmitoyl carnitine (PC) as substrate was observed in muscle. Yet an increase was seen in liver. To test the complex II contribution to the state 3 respiration, succinate was added together with PC. In liver mitochondria, this resulted in an ∼50% smaller respiratory increase in the GK6 group compared with control and no respiratory increase at all in the GK16 animals. Yet no difference between groups was seen in muscle mitochondria. RCR and P/O ratio was increased (P < 0.05) in liver but unchanged in muscle in both GK groups. We observed increased lipid peroxidation and decreased Akt phosphorylation in liver with the progression of T2DM but no change in muscle. We conclude that, during the progression of T2DM in GK rats, liver mitochondria are affected earlier and/or more severely than muscle mitochondria. Succinate dehydrogenase flux in the presence of fatty acids was reduced severely in liver but not in muscle mitochondria during manifest T2DM. The observations support the notion that T2DM pathogenesis is initiated in the liver and that only later are muscle mitochondria affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenche Jørgensen
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, NMR Center, Univ. of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mitochondria: redox metabolism and dysfunction. Biochem Res Int 2012; 2012:896751. [PMID: 22593827 PMCID: PMC3347708 DOI: 10.1155/2012/896751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main intracellular location for fuel generation; however, they are not just power plants but involved in a range of other intracellular functions including regulation of redox homeostasis and cell fate. Dysfunction of mitochondria will result in oxidative stress which is one of the underlying causal factors for a variety of diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. In this paper, generation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) in the mitochondria, redox regulatory roles of certain mitochondrial proteins, and the impact on cell fate will be discussed. The current state of our understanding in mitochondrial dysfunction in pathological states and how we could target them for therapeutic purpose will also be briefly reviewed.
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Bigagli E, Raimondi L, Mannucci E, Colombi C, Bardini G, Rotella CM, Lodovici M. Lipid and protein oxidation products, antioxidant status and vascular complications in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1474651411435588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The inter-relationships between glycaemic control, the progression of diabetes-related vascular complications, oxidative/antioxidative status and inflammation, have not been fully understood. We measured malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl residues, C-reactive protein (CRP) and antioxidant systems by means of ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, in well controlled and poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients without complications (NC) and in poorly controlled patients with microvascular (MicroVC) and with both micro- and macrovascular complications (Micro+Macro VC). All poorly controlled diabetic patients showed higher MDA and carbonyl residues compared to well controlled NC, as did those with Micro+Macro VC compared to poorly controlled NC. The higher CRP and SOD activity levels reached significance in Micro VC and Micro+Macro VC groups. FRAP decreased only in poorly controlled NC compared to well controlled NC (p<0.05). Glycated hamemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were positively correlated with MDA (p<0.05) and CRP (p<0.001) and inversely associated with FRAP (p<0.05) and SOD (p=0.06). An increase in MDA or carbonyl residues could be a marker of high risk for complications in patients with poorly controlled diabetes and they should be considered for monitoring the effectiveness of drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bigagli
- University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - E Mannucci
- Diabetes Agency, Careggi Teaching Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - C Colombi
- Diabetes Agency, Careggi Teaching Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - G Bardini
- Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - CM Rotella
- Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Garcia-Bou R, Rocha M, Apostolova N, Herance R, Hernandez-Mijares A, Victor VM. Evidence for a relationship between mitochondrial Complex I activity and mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase during nitroglycerin tolerance: effects of mitochondrial antioxidants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012; 1817:828-37. [PMID: 22366168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The medical use of nitroglycerin (GTN) is limited by patient tolerance. The present study evaluated the role of mitochondrial Complex I in GTN biotransformation and the therapeutic effect of mitochondrial antioxidants. The development of GTN tolerance (in rat and human vessels) produced a decrease in mitochondrial O(2) consumption. Co-incubation with the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant mitoquinone (MQ, 10(-6)mol/L) or with glutathione ester (GEE, 10(-4)mol/L) blocked GTN tolerance and the effects of GTN on mitochondrial respiration and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH-2) activity. Biotransformation of GTN depended on the mitochondria being functionally active, particularly mitochondrial Complex I. Tolerance induced mitochondrial ROS production and oxidative stress, though these effects were not detected in HUVECρ(0) cells or Complex I mutant cells. Experiments performed to evaluate Complex I-dependent respiration demonstrated that its inhibition by GTN was prevented by the antioxidants in control samples. These results point to a key role for mitochondrial Complex I in the adequate functioning of ALDH-2. In addition, we have identified mitochondrial Complex I as one of the targets at which the initial oxidative stress responsible for GTN tolerance takes place. Our data also suggest a role for mitochondrial-antioxidants as therapeutic tools in the control of the tolerance that accompanies chronic nitrate use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remedios Garcia-Bou
- Department of Pharmacology and CIBERehd, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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