1
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Ang BJ, Suardi N, Abduraman MA. Exploring differentiation-dependent responses to 532 nm green laser photobiomodulation in SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:147. [PMID: 38822930 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04102-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) holds promise as a therapy modality, but its applicability is hindered by the lack of a quantitative model to predict the optimal dose for all forms of PBM. This study investigated the optimal PBM parameters for 532 nm green laser irradiation on SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells, a commonly used in vitro model for neurodegenerative disease studies. A two-tailed, two sample t-test with equal variance was used to obtain the p-values and statistical significance. There are 3 sets of parameters showing significant ( p < 0 . 01 ) positive percentage biostimulation. 160 m W , 15 m i n produce a percentage biostimulation of ( 9 ± 10 ) % ; 180 m W , 5 m i n produce a percentage biostimulation of ( 19 ± 7 ) % ; and ( 200 m W , 5 m i n ) produce a percentage biostimulation of ( 9 ± 2 ) % . The highest significant ( p < 0 . 01 ) percentage bioinhibition observed is for 220 m W , 15 m i n (dose: 1008 J / c m 2 ) producing a bioinhibition of ( 54 ± 1 ) % . After identifying several parameters that produce noticeable photobiological effects (biostimulation and bioinhibition), this study compared the reaction of undifferentiated and differentiated SHSY5Y cells to laser irradiation and found that undifferentiated SHSY5Y cells shows greater photobiological effect from 532 nm laser irradiation ( p < 0 . 01 ) . This study demonstrated the differentiation-dependant photobiological effect of SHSY5Y in 532 nm laser PBM. This shows that considerations on the differentiation state of cells is important in PBM studies. The hypothesis of difference in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation from laser irradiation can serve as a versatile explanation of the observed difference in photobiological effect. Further investigation into the role of ROS as a mediator of various photobiological effects from laser of different wavelengths is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beng Jiong Ang
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nursakinah Suardi
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Asyraf Abduraman
- Eman Biodiscoveries Sdn Bhd, A1-4, Lot 5, Persiaran 2/1, Kedah Halal Park, Sungai Petani Industrial Area, 08000, Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia
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2
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Alvariño R, Alfonso A, Tabudravu JN, González-Jartín J, Al Maqbali KS, Elhariry M, Vieytes MR, Botana LM. Psammaplin A and Its Analogs Attenuate Oxidative Stress in Neuronal Cells through Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Activation. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:1187-1196. [PMID: 38632902 PMCID: PMC11061836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.4c00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Psammaplins are sulfur containing bromotyrosine alkaloids that have shown antitumor activity through the inhibition of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs). The cytotoxic properties of psammaplin A (1), the parent compound, are related to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) activation, but the mechanism of action of its analogs psammaplin K (2) and bisaprasin (3) has not been elucidated. In this study, the protective effects against oxidative stress of compounds 1-3, isolated from the sponge Aplysinella rhax, were evaluated in SH-SY5Y cells. The compounds improved cell survival, recovered glutathione (GSH) content, and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) release at nanomolar concentrations. Psammaplins restored mitochondrial membrane potential by blocking mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and reducing cyclophilin D expression. This effect was mediated by the capacity of 1-3 to activate PPARγ, enhancing gene expression of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and glutathione peroxidase. Finally, HDAC3 activity was reduced by 1-3 under oxidative stress conditions. This work is the first description of the neuroprotective activity of 1 at low concentrations and the mechanism of action of 2 and 3. Moreover, it links for the first time the previously described effects of 1 in HDAC3 and PPARγ signaling, opening a new research field for the therapeutic potential of this compound family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Alvariño
- Departamento
de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, IDIS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, España
| | - Amparo Alfonso
- Departamento
de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, IDIS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, España
| | - Jioji N. Tabudravu
- School
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University
of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Jesús González-Jartín
- Departamento
de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, IDIS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, España
| | - Khalid S. Al Maqbali
- School
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University
of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Marwa Elhariry
- School
of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University
of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
| | - Mercedes R. Vieytes
- Departamento
de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, IDIS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, España
| | - Luis M. Botana
- Departamento
de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, IDIS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo 27002, España
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3
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Bilginer Kartal R, Arslan Yildiz A. Exploring Neuronal Differentiation Profiles in SH-SY5Y Cells through Magnetic Levitation Analysis. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:14955-14962. [PMID: 38585102 PMCID: PMC10993277 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic levitation (MagLev) is a powerful and versatile technique that can sort objects based on their density differences. This paper reports the sorting of SH-SY5Y cells for neuronal differentiation by the MagLev technique. Herein, SH-SY5Y cells were differentiated with retinoic acid (RA) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Neuronal differentiation was confirmed by neurite extension measurement and the immunostaining assay. Neurites reached the maximum length on day 9 after sequential treatment with RA-BDNF. Neuronal marker expression of un-/differentiated cells was investigated by β-III tubulin and neuronal nuclei (NeuN) and differentiated cells exhibited a higher fluorescence intensity compared to un-/differentiated cells. MagLev results revealed that the density of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells gradually increased from 1.04 to 1.06 g/mL, while it remained stable at 1.05 g/mL for un-/differentiated cells. These findings signified that cell density would be a potent indicator of neuronal differentiation. Overall, it was shown that MagLev methodology can provide rapid, label-free, and easy sorting to analyze the differentiation of cells at a single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahu Arslan Yildiz
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology (IZTECH), 35430 Izmir, Turkey
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4
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Matrella ML, Valletti A, Gigante I, De Rasmo D, Signorile A, Russo S, Lobasso S, Lobraico D, Dibattista M, Pacelli C, Cocco T. High OXPHOS efficiency in RA-FUdr-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells: involvement of cAMP signalling and respiratory supercomplexes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7411. [PMID: 38548913 PMCID: PMC10978939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57613-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly dependent on mitochondria to meet their bioenergetic needs and understanding the metabolic changes during the differentiation process is crucial in the neurodegeneration context. Several in vitro approaches have been developed to study neuronal differentiation and bioenergetic changes. The human SH-SY5Y cell line is a widely used cellular model and several differentiation protocols have been developed to induce a neuron-like phenotype including retinoic acid (RA) treatment. In this work we obtained a homogeneous functional population of neuron-like cells by a two-step differentiation protocol in which SH-SY5Y cells were treated with RA plus the mitotic inhibitor 2-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (FUdr). RA-FUdr treatment induced a neuronal phenotype characterized by increased expression of neuronal markers and electrical properties specific to excitable cells. In addition, the RA-FUdr differentiated cells showed an enrichment of long chain and unsaturated fatty acids (FA) in the acyl chain composition of cardiolipin (CL) and the bioenergetic analysis evidences a high coupled and maximal respiration associated with high mitochondrial ATP levels. Our results suggest that the observed high oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity may be related to the activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway and the assembly of respiratory supercomplexes (SCs), highlighting the change in mitochondrial phenotype during neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Matrella
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessio Valletti
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
- MASMEC Biomed S.p.A, 70026, Modugno, Italy
| | - Isabella Gigante
- National Institute of Gastroenterology- IRCCS "Saverio De Bellis", Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico De Rasmo
- Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, CNR-Institute of Biomembranes, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Signorile
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Russo
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Lobasso
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Donatella Lobraico
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Dibattista
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Consiglia Pacelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Cocco
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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Scibetta S, Miceli M, Iuliano M, Stefanuto L, Carbone E, Piscopo P, Petrozza V, Romeo G, Mangino G, Calogero A, Gasperi T, Rosa P. In Vitro Evaluation of the Antioxidant Capacity of 3,3-Disubstituted-3H-benzofuran-2-one Derivatives in a Cellular Model of Neurodegeneration. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:422. [PMID: 38672695 PMCID: PMC11051253 DOI: 10.3390/life14040422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress represents a hallmark for many degenerative pathologies of the Central Nervous System. Throughout life, the constant pressure of noxious stimuli and/or episodes of traumatic events may expose the brain to a microenvironment where the non-balanced reactive oxygen species inevitably lead to neuronal loss and cognitive decline. HO-1, a 32 kDa heat-shock protein catalyzing the degradation of heme into carbon monoxide (CO), iron and biliverdin/bilirubin is considered one of the main antioxidant defense mechanisms playing pivotal roles in neuroprotection. Restoring the redox homeostasis is the goal of many natural or synthetic antioxidant molecules pursuing beneficial effects on brain functions. Here, we investigated the antioxidant capacity of four selected benzofuran-2-one derivatives in a cellular model of neurodegeneration represented by differentiated SH-SY5Y cells exposed to catechol-induced oxidative stress. Our main results highlight how all the molecules have antioxidant properties, especially compound 9, showing great abilities in reducing intracellular ROS levels and protecting differentiated SH-SY5Y cells from catechol-induced death. This compound above all seems to boost HO-1 mRNA and perinuclear HO-1 protein isoform expression when cells are exposed to the oxidative insult. Our findings open the way to consider benzofuran-2-ones as a novel and promising adjuvant antioxidant strategy for many neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Scibetta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.S.); (M.I.); (V.P.); (G.R.); (G.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Martina Miceli
- Department of Science, University of Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Marco Iuliano
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.S.); (M.I.); (V.P.); (G.R.); (G.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Luca Stefanuto
- Department of Science, University of Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (L.S.)
| | - Elena Carbone
- Department of Neuroscience, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Paola Piscopo
- Department of Neuroscience, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Petrozza
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.S.); (M.I.); (V.P.); (G.R.); (G.M.); (A.C.)
- Istituto Chirurgico Ortopedico Traumatologico (ICOT), 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Romeo
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.S.); (M.I.); (V.P.); (G.R.); (G.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Giorgio Mangino
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.S.); (M.I.); (V.P.); (G.R.); (G.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonella Calogero
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.S.); (M.I.); (V.P.); (G.R.); (G.M.); (A.C.)
- Istituto Chirurgico Ortopedico Traumatologico (ICOT), 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Tecla Gasperi
- Department of Science, University of Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (L.S.)
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Rosa
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Rome Sapienza, Polo Pontino, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.S.); (M.I.); (V.P.); (G.R.); (G.M.); (A.C.)
- Istituto Chirurgico Ortopedico Traumatologico (ICOT), 04100 Latina, Italy
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6
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Pandey M, Karmakar V, Majie A, Dwivedi M, Md S, Gorain B. The SH-SY5Y cell line: a valuable tool for Parkinson's disease drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:303-316. [PMID: 38112196 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2293158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Owing to limited efficient treatment strategies for highly prevalent and distressing Parkinson's disease (PD), an impending need emerged for deciphering new modes and mechanisms for effective management. SH-SY5Y-based in vitro neuronal models have emerged as a new possibility for the elucidation of cellular and molecular processes in the pathogenesis of PD. SH-SY5Y cells are of human origin, adhered to catecholaminergic neuronal attributes, which consequences in imparting wide acceptance and significance to this model over conventional in vitro PD models for high-throughput screening of therapeutics. AREAS COVERED Herein, the authors review the SH-SY5Y cell line and its value to PD research. The authors also provide the reader with their expert perspectives on how these developments can lead to the development of new impactful therapeutics. EXPERT OPINION Encouraged by recent research on SH-SY5Y cell lines, it was envisaged that this in vitro model can serve as a primary model for assessing efficacy and toxicity of new therapeutics as well as for nanocarriers' capacity in delivering therapeutic agents across BBB. Considering the proximity with human neuronal environment as in pathogenic PD conditions, SH-SY5Y cell lines vindicated consistency and reproducibility in experimental results. Accordingly, exploitation of this standardized SH-SY5Y cell line can fast-track the drug discovery and development path for novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Varnita Karmakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Ankit Majie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Monika Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
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7
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Kuil LE, Chauhan RK, de Graaf BM, Cheng WW, Kakiailatu NJM, Lasabuda R, Verhaeghe C, Windster JD, Schriemer D, Azmani Z, Brooks AS, Edie S, Reeves RH, Eggen BJL, Shepherd IT, Burns AJ, Hofstra RMW, Melotte V, Brosens E, Alves MM. ATP5PO levels regulate enteric nervous system development in zebrafish, linking Hirschsprung disease to Down Syndrome. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166991. [PMID: 38128843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a complex genetic disorder characterized by the absence of enteric nervous system (ENS) in the distal region of the intestine. Down Syndrome (DS) patients have a >50-fold higher risk of developing HSCR than the general population, suggesting that overexpression of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) genes contribute to HSCR etiology. However, identification of responsible genes remains challenging. Here, we describe a genetic screening of potential candidate genes located on Hsa21, using the zebrafish. Candidate genes were located in the DS-HSCR susceptibility region, expressed in the human intestine, were known potential biomarkers for DS prenatal diagnosis, and were present in the zebrafish genome. With this approach, four genes were selected: RCAN1, ITSN1, ATP5PO and SUMO3. However, only overexpression of ATP5PO, coding for a component of the mitochondrial ATPase, led to significant reduction of ENS cells. Paradoxically, in vitro studies showed that overexpression of ATP5PO led to a reduction of ATP5PO protein levels. Impaired neuronal differentiation and reduced mitochondrial ATP production, were also detected in vitro, after overexpression of ATP5PO in a neuroblastoma cell line. Finally, epistasis was observed between ATP5PO and ret, the most important HSCR gene. Taken together, our results identify ATP5PO as the gene responsible for the increased risk of HSCR in DS patients in particular if RET variants are also present, and show that a balanced expression of ATP5PO is required for normal ENS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Kuil
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R K Chauhan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - B M de Graaf
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W W Cheng
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - N J M Kakiailatu
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R Lasabuda
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C Verhaeghe
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J D Windster
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Sophia's Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D Schriemer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Z Azmani
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A S Brooks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Edie
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - R H Reeves
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology and McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - B J L Eggen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - I T Shepherd
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - A J Burns
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Birth Defects Research Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom; Gastrointestinal Drug Discovery Unit, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - R M W Hofstra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - V Melotte
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - E Brosens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M M Alves
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Sophia's Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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8
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Sendra M, Cavia-Saiz M, Múñiz P. Are the BPA analogues an alternative to classical BPA? Comparison between 2D and alternative 3D in vitro neuron model to assess cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. Toxicology 2024; 502:153715. [PMID: 38211720 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BPA is used in a wide range of consumer products with very concern toxicological properties. The European Union has restricted its use to protect human health. Industry has substituted BPA by BPA analogues. However, there is a lack of knowledge about their impacts. In this work, BPA and 5 BPA analogues (BPS, BPAP, BPAF, BPFL and BPC) have been studied in classical SH-SY5Y and the alternative 3D in vitro models after 24 and 96 h of exposure. Cell viability, percentage of ROS, cell cycle phases as well as the morphology of the spheroids were measured. The 2D model was more sensitive than the 3D models with differences in cell viability higher than 60% after 24 h of exposure, and different mechanisms of ROS production. After chronic exposure, both models were more affected in comparison to the 24 h exposure. After a recovery time (96 h), the spheroids exposed to 2.5-40 µM were able to recover cell viability and the morphology. Among the BPs tested, BPFL>BPAF>BPAP and >BPC revealed higher toxicological effects, while BPS was the only one with lower effects than BPA. To conclude, the SH-SY5Y 3D model is a suitable candidate to perform more reliable in vitro neurotoxicity tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sendra
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, 09001 Burgos, Spain; International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials for Advanced Industrial Technologies (ICCRAM), R&D Center, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza de Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
| | - Mónica Cavia-Saiz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Pilar Múñiz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos, 09001 Burgos, Spain
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9
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Leung TCN, Lu SN, Chu CN, Lee J, Liu X, Ngai SM. Temporal Quantitative Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Profiling of SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 Neuroblastoma Cells during All- Trans-Retinoic Acid-Induced Neuronal Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1047. [PMID: 38256121 PMCID: PMC10816102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The human neuroblastoma cell lines SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 can be differentiated into neuron-like phenotypes through treatment with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). After differentiation, these cell lines are extensively utilized as in vitro models to study various aspects of neuronal cell biology. However, temporal and quantitative profiling of the proteome and phosphoproteome of SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 cells throughout ATRA-induced differentiation has been limited. Here, we performed relative quantification of the proteomes and phosphoproteomes of SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 cells at multiple time points during ATRA-induced differentiation. Relative quantification of proteins and phosphopeptides with subsequent gene ontology analysis revealed that several biological processes, including cytoskeleton organization, cell division, chaperone function and protein folding, and one-carbon metabolism, were associated with ATRA-induced differentiation in both cell lines. Furthermore, kinase-substrate enrichment analysis predicted altered activities of several kinases during differentiation. Among these, CDK5 exhibited increased activity, while CDK2 displayed reduced activity. The data presented serve as a valuable resource for investigating temporal protein and phosphoprotein abundance changes in SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 cells during ATRA-induced differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C. N. Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Scott Ninghai Lu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.N.L.); (C.N.C.); (J.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Cheuk Ning Chu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.N.L.); (C.N.C.); (J.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Joy Lee
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.N.L.); (C.N.C.); (J.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xingyu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.N.L.); (C.N.C.); (J.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Sai Ming Ngai
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.N.L.); (C.N.C.); (J.L.); (X.L.)
- AoE Centre for Genomic Studies on Plant-Environment Interaction for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Voogd EJHF, Doorn N, Levers MR, Hofmeijer J, Frega M. Degree of differentiation impacts neurobiological signature and resistance to hypoxia of SH-SY5Y cells. J Neural Eng 2024; 20:066038. [PMID: 38128130 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad17f3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective.SH-SY5Y cells are valuable neuronalin vitromodels for studying patho-mechanisms and treatment targets in brain disorders due to their easy maintenance, rapid expansion, and low costs. However, the use of various degrees of differentiation hampers appreciation of results and may limit the translation of findings to neurons or the brain. Here, we studied the neurobiological signatures of SH-SY5Y cells in terms of morphology, expression of neuronal markers, and functionality at various degrees of differentiation, as well as their resistance to hypoxia. We compared these to neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), a well-characterized neuronalin vitromodel.Approach.We cultured SH-SY5Y cells and neurons derived from hiPSCs on glass coverslips or micro-electrode arrays. We studied expression of mature neuronal markers, electrophysiological activity, and sensitivity to hypoxia at various degrees of differentiation (one day up to three weeks) in SH-SY5Y cells. We used hiPSC derived neurons as a reference.Main results.Undifferentiated and shortly differentiated SH-SY5Y cells lacked neuronal characteristics. Expression of neuronal markers and formation of synaptic puncta increased during differentiation. Longer differentiation was associated with lower resistance to hypoxia. At three weeks of differentiation, MAP2 expression and vulnerability to hypoxia were similar to hiPSC-derived neurons, while the number of synaptic puncta and detected events were significantly lower. Our results show that at least three weeks of differentiation are necessary to obtain neurobiological signatures that are comparable to those of hiPSC-derived neurons, as well as similar sensitivities to metabolic stress. Significance.This indicates that extended differentiation protocols should be used to study neuronal characteristics and to model brain disorders with SH-SY5Y cells. We provided insights that may offer the basis for the utilization of SH-SY5Y cells as a more relevant neuronal model in the study of brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J H F Voogd
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - N Doorn
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - M R Levers
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - J Hofmeijer
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - M Frega
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
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11
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Horwitz A, Levi-Carmel N, Shnaider O, Birk R. BBS genes are involved in accelerated proliferation and early differentiation of BBS-related tissues. Differentiation 2024; 135:100745. [PMID: 38215537 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2024.100745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is an inherited disorder primarily ciliopathy with pleiotropic multi-systemic phenotypic involvement, including adipose, nerve, retinal, kidney, Etc. Consequently, it is characterized by obesity, cognitive impairment and retinal, kidney and cutaneous abnormalities. Initial studies, including ours have shown that BBS genes play a role in the early developmental stages of adipocytes and β-cells. However, this role in other BBS-related tissues is unknown. We investigated BBS genes involvement in the proliferation and early differentiation of different BBS cell types. The involvement of BBS genes in cellular proliferation were studied in seven in-vitro and transgenic cell models; keratinocytes (hHaCaT) and Ras-transfected keratinocytes (Ras-hHaCaT), neuronal cell lines (hSH-SY5Y and rPC-12), silenced BBS4 neural cell lines (siBbs4 hSH-SY5Y and siBbs4 rPC-12), adipocytes (m3T3L1), and ex-vivo transformed B-cells obtain from BBS4 patients, using molecular and biochemical methodologies. RashHaCaT cells showed an accelerated proliferation rate in parallel to significant reduction in the transcript levels of BBS1, 2, and 4. BBS1, 2, and 4 transcripts linked with hHaCaT cell cycle arrest (G1 phase) using both chemical (CDK4 inhibitor) and serum deprivation methodologies. Adipocyte (m3T3-L1) Bbs1, 2 and 4 transcript levels corresponded to the cell cycle phase (CDK4 inhibitor and serum deprivation). SiBBS4 hSH-SY5Y cells exhibited early cell proliferation and differentiation (wound healing assay) rates. SiBbs4 rPC-12 models exhibited significant proliferation and differentiation rate corresponding to Nestin expression levels. BBS4 patients-transformed B-cells exhibited an accelerated proliferation rate (LPS-induced methodology). In conclusions, the BBS4 gene plays a significant, similar and global role in the cellular proliferation of various BBS related tissues. These results highlight the universal role of the BBS gene in the cell cycle, and further deepen the knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the development of BBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avital Horwitz
- Nutrition Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Ariel University, Israel
| | | | - Olga Shnaider
- Nutrition Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Ariel University, Israel
| | - Ruth Birk
- Nutrition Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Ariel University, Israel.
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12
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Elmorsy E, Al-Ghafari A, Al Doghaither H, Hashish S, Salama M, Mudyanselage AW, James L, Carter WG. Differential Effects of Paraquat, Rotenone, and MPTP on Cellular Bioenergetics of Undifferentiated and Differentiated Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1717. [PMID: 38137165 PMCID: PMC10741680 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ), rotenone (RO), and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) are neurotoxicants that can damage human health. Exposure to these neurotoxicants has been linked to neurodegeneration, particularly Parkinson's disease. However, their mechanisms of action have not been fully elucidated, nor has the relative vulnerability of neuronal subtypes to their exposures. To address this, the current study investigated the cytotoxic effects of PQ, RO, and MPTP and their relative effects on cellular bioenergetics and oxidative stress on undifferentiated human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells and those differentiated to dopaminergic (DA) or cholinergic (CH) phenotypes. The tested neurotoxicants were all cytotoxic to the three cell phenotypes that correlated with both concentration and exposure duration. At half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50s), there were significant reductions in cellular ATP levels and reduced activity of the mitochondrial complexes I and III, with a parallel increase in lactate production. PQ at 10 µM significantly decreased ATP production and mitochondrial complex III activity only in DA cells. RO was the most potent inhibitor of mitochondrial complex 1 and did not inhibit mitochondrial complex III even at concentrations that induced a 50% loss of cell viability. MPTP was the most potent toxicant in undifferentiated cells. All neurotoxicants significantly increased reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and nuclear expression of Nrf2, with a corresponding inhibition of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase. At a 10 µM exposure to PQ or RO, oxidative stress biomarkers were significant in DA cells. Collectively, this study underscores the importance of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in PQ, RO, and MPTP-induced cytotoxicity and that neuronal phenotypes display differential vulnerability to these neurotoxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekramy Elmorsy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayat Al-Ghafari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.-G.); (H.A.D.)
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Al Doghaither
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.-G.); (H.A.D.)
| | - Sara Hashish
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, The American University in Cairo (AUC), Cairo 11385, Egypt; (S.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Mohamed Salama
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, The American University in Cairo (AUC), Cairo 11385, Egypt; (S.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Anusha W. Mudyanselage
- Clinical Toxicology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK; (A.W.M.); (L.J.)
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka
| | - Lipta James
- Clinical Toxicology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK; (A.W.M.); (L.J.)
| | - Wayne G. Carter
- Clinical Toxicology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby DE22 3DT, UK; (A.W.M.); (L.J.)
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13
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Ouyang X, Wani WY, Benavides GA, Redmann MJ, Vo H, van Groen T, Darley-Usmar VM, Zhang J. Cathepsin D overexpression in the nervous system rescues lethality and A β42 accumulation of cathepsin D systemic knockout in vivo. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4172-4184. [PMID: 37799377 PMCID: PMC10547960 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The lysosome is responsible for protein and organelle degradation and homeostasis and the cathepsins play a key role in maintaining protein quality control. Cathepsin D (CTSD), is one such lysosomal protease, which when deficient in humans lead to neurolipofuscinosis (NCL) and is important in removing toxic protein aggregates. Prior studies demonstrated that CTSD germ-line knockout-CtsdKO (CDKO) resulted in accumulation of protein aggregates, decreased proteasomal activities, and postnatal lethality on Day 26 ± 1. Overexpression of wildtype CTSD, but not cathepsin B, L or mutant CTSD, decreased α-synuclein toxicity in worms and mammalian cells. In this study we generated a mouse line expressing human CTSD with a floxed STOP cassette between the ubiquitous CAG promoter and the cDNA. After crossing with Nestin-cre, the STOP cassette is deleted in NESTIN + cells to allow CTSD overexpression-CTSDtg (CDtg). The CDtg mice exhibited normal behavior and similar sensitivity to sub-chronic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced neurodegeneration. By breeding CDtg mice with CDKO mice, we found that over-expression of CTSD extended the lifespan of the CDKO mice, partially rescued proteasomal deficits and the accumulation of Aβ42 in the CDKO. This new transgenic mouse provides supports for the key role of CTSD in protecting against proteotoxicity and offers a new model to study the role of CTSD enhancement in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosen Ouyang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Willayat Y. Wani
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Gloria A. Benavides
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Matthew J. Redmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Hai Vo
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Thomas van Groen
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | | | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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14
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Novorolsky RJ, Kasheke GDS, Hakim A, Foldvari M, Dorighello GG, Sekler I, Vuligonda V, Sanders ME, Renden RB, Wilson JJ, Robertson GS. Preserving and enhancing mitochondrial function after stroke to protect and repair the neurovascular unit: novel opportunities for nanoparticle-based drug delivery. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1226630. [PMID: 37484823 PMCID: PMC10360135 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1226630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) is composed of vascular cells, glia, and neurons that form the basic component of the blood brain barrier. This intricate structure rapidly adjusts cerebral blood flow to match the metabolic needs of brain activity. However, the NVU is exquisitely sensitive to damage and displays limited repair after a stroke. To effectively treat stroke, it is therefore considered crucial to both protect and repair the NVU. Mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) uptake supports NVU function by buffering Ca2+ and stimulating energy production. However, excessive mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake causes toxic mitochondrial Ca2+ overloading that triggers numerous cell death pathways which destroy the NVU. Mitochondrial damage is one of the earliest pathological events in stroke. Drugs that preserve mitochondrial integrity and function should therefore confer profound NVU protection by blocking the initiation of numerous injury events. We have shown that mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and efflux in the brain are mediated by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter complex (MCUcx) and sodium/Ca2+/lithium exchanger (NCLX), respectively. Moreover, our recent pharmacological studies have demonstrated that MCUcx inhibition and NCLX activation suppress ischemic and excitotoxic neuronal cell death by blocking mitochondrial Ca2+ overloading. These findings suggest that combining MCUcx inhibition with NCLX activation should markedly protect the NVU. In terms of promoting NVU repair, nuclear hormone receptor activation is a promising approach. Retinoid X receptor (RXR) and thyroid hormone receptor (TR) agonists activate complementary transcriptional programs that stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis, suppress inflammation, and enhance the production of new vascular cells, glia, and neurons. RXR and TR agonism should thus further improve the clinical benefits of MCUcx inhibition and NCLX activation by increasing NVU repair. However, drugs that either inhibit the MCUcx, or stimulate the NCLX, or activate the RXR or TR, suffer from adverse effects caused by undesired actions on healthy tissues. To overcome this problem, we describe the use of nanoparticle drug formulations that preferentially target metabolically compromised and damaged NVUs after an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. These nanoparticle-based approaches have the potential to improve clinical safety and efficacy by maximizing drug delivery to diseased NVUs and minimizing drug exposure in healthy brain and peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn J. Novorolsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Gracious D. S. Kasheke
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Antoine Hakim
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Marianna Foldvari
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Gabriel G. Dorighello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Israel Sekler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beersheva, Israel
| | | | | | - Robert B. Renden
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Justin J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - George S. Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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15
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Ramirez-Cando LJ, Guzmán-Vallejos MS, Aguayo LG, Vera-Erazo FD, Ballaz SJ. Neurocytotoxicity of imidacloprid- and acetamiprid-based comercial insecticides over the differentiation of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15840. [PMID: 37180892 PMCID: PMC10172787 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are effective insecticides with specificity for invertebrate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Neonicotinoids are chemically stable and tend to remain in the environment for long so concerns about their neurotoxicity in humans do nothing but increase. Herein, we evaluated the chronic toxic effects of acetamiprid- and imidacloprid-based insecticides over the differentiation of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, which were exposed to these insecticides at a concentration range similar to that applied to crop fields (0.01-0.5 mM). Both insecticides did not have acute cytotoxic effects in both non-differentiated and in staurosporine-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells cytotoxicity as measured by the MTT and vital-dye exclusion tests. However, after a chronic (7-day) treatment, only imidacloprid dose-dependently decreased the viability of SH-SY5Y cells (F(4,39) = 43.05, P < 0.001), largely when administered-during cell differentiation (F(4,39) = 51.86, P < 0.001). A well-defined dose-response curve was constructed for imidacloprid on day 4 (R2 = 0.945, EC50 = 0.14 mM). During differentiation, either imidacloprid or acetamiprid dose-dependently caused neurite branch retraction on day 3, likely because of oxidative stress, to the extent that cells turned into spheres without neurites after 7-day treatment. Despite their apparent safety, the neurodevelopmental vulnerability of SH-SY5Y neurons to the chronic exposure to imidacloprid and to a lesser extent to acetamiprid points to a neurotoxic risk for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luis G. Aguayo
- Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Chile
| | - Fernando D. Vera-Erazo
- Department of Physiology, School of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Chile
| | - Santiago J. Ballaz
- Medical School, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador
- Corresponding author. School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San José s/n, Proyecto Yachay. 100115, Urcuquí. Ecuador.
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16
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Hinojosa MG, Gutiérrez-Praena D, López S, Prieto AI, Moreno FJ, Jos Á, Cameán AM. Toxic effects of the cylindrospermopsin and chlorpyrifos combination on the differentiated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line. Toxicon 2023; 227:107091. [PMID: 36965714 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Due to climate change and anthropogenic activities, the levels of pollution of aquatic and terrestrial environments have increased in the last decades. In this sense, the rise of cyanobacterial blooms, which release secondary metabolites with toxic properties, and the global use of pesticides for agricultural purposes have a negative impact on ecosystems. Thus, it would be interesting to study the concomitance of both types of toxicants in the same sample, since it is possible that they appear together. The aim of the present work was to state the effects of the interaction between the cyanotoxin cylindrospermopsin and the pesticide chlorpyrifos in differentiated SH-SY5Y neuronal cells to assess how they could affect the nervous system. To this end, cytotoxicity, morphological, and acetylcholinesterase activity studies were performed during 24 and 48 h. The results revealed a concentration-dependent decrease in viability and interaction between both toxicants, together with clear signs of apoptosis and necrosis induction. In this sense, different stages on the differentiation process would lead to differences in the toxicity exerted by the compounds both isolated as in combination, which it is not observed in non-differentiated cells. Additionally, the acetylcholinesterase activity appeared not to be affected, which is a clear difference compared to non-differentiated cells. These results show the importance of studying not only the toxicants themselves, but also in combination, to assess their possible effects in a more realistic scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- María G Hinojosa
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Sergio López
- Área de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes S/n, 41012, Sevilla, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana I Prieto
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco J Moreno
- Área de Biología Celular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes S/n, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ángeles Jos
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana M Cameán
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Profesor García González 2, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
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17
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Scordino M, Frinchi M, Urone G, Nuzzo D, Mudò G, Di Liberto V. Manipulation of HSP70-SOD1 Expression Modulates SH-SY5Y Differentiation and Susceptibility to Oxidative Stress-Dependent Cell Damage: Involvement in Oxotremorine-M-Mediated Neuroprotective Effects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030687. [PMID: 36978935 PMCID: PMC10045076 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of neural progenitors is a complex process that integrates different signals to drive transcriptional changes, which mediate metabolic, electrophysiological, and morphological cellular specializations. Understanding these adjustments is essential within the framework of stem cell and cancer research and therapy. Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, widely used in neurobiology research, can be differentiated into neuronal-like cells through serum deprivation and retinoic acid (RA) supplementation. In our study, we observed that the differentiation process triggers the expression of Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70). Notably, inhibition of HSP70 expression by KNK437 causes a dramatic increase in cell death. While undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells show a dose-dependent decrease in cell survival following exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), differentiated cells become resistant to H2O2-induced cell death. Interestingly, the differentiation process enhances the expression of SOD1 protein, and inhibition of HSP70 expression counteracts this effect and increases the susceptibility of differentiated cells to H2O2-induced cell death, suggesting that the cascade HSP70-SOD1 is involved in promoting survival against oxidative stress-dependent damage. Treatment of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells with Oxotremorine-M (Oxo), a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, enhances the expression of HSP70 and SOD1 and counteracts tert–Butyl hydroperoxide-induced cell death and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. It is worth noting that co-treatment with KNK437 reduces SOD1 expression and Oxo-induced protection against oxidative stress damage, suggesting the involvement of HSP70/SOD1 signaling in this beneficial effect. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that manipulation of the HSP70 signal modulates SH-SY5Y differentiation and susceptibility to oxidative stress-dependent cell death and unravels novel mechanisms involved in Oxo neuroprotective functions. Altogether these data provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying neuronal differentiation and preservation under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriana Scordino
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Monica Frinchi
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Urone
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Nuzzo
- Istituto per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione Biomedica (IRIB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (V.D.L.)
| | - Valentina Di Liberto
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina, Neuroscienze e Diagnostica Avanzata, Università di Palermo, Corso Tukory 129, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (V.D.L.)
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18
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Mikeli M, Fujikawa M, Tanabe T. GPD2: The relationship with cancer and neural stemness. Cells Dev 2023; 173:203824. [PMID: 36592694 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2022.203824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that knocking down GPD2 (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2), responsible for the glycerol-phosphate shuttle, causes human hepatocarcinoma-derived HuH-7 cells, lowering the cancer stemness. After examining whether GPD2 expression in the other cell lines could affect their cancer stemness, this study showed that human neuroblastoma-derived SH-SY5Y cells also lower the ability of sphere formation by knocking down GPD2. This suggests that GPD2 relates to the common mechanism for maintaining cancer stem cells, as in the cases like SH-SY5Y and HuH-7 cells. In addition, knocking down GPD2 in SH-SY5Y cells showed a morphological change and increasing tendency of neuronal marker genes, including GAP43, NeuN, and TUBB3, indicating that GPD2 may contribute to not only cancer but also neural stem cell maintenance. After all, GPD2 may play a role in maintaining cancer and neural stemness, although further rigorous studies are essential to conclude this. It is expected that GPD2 will be a novel target gene for cancer therapy, stem cell research, and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maimaiti Mikeli
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Fujikawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Tanabe
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Barron A, Manna S, McElwain CJ, Musumeci A, McCarthy FP, O’Keeffe GW, McCarthy CM. Maternal pre-eclampsia serum increases neurite growth and mitochondrial function through a potential IL-6-dependent mechanism in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1043481. [PMID: 36714304 PMCID: PMC9877349 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1043481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a common and serious hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, which affects 3%-5% of first-time pregnancies and is a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Prenatal exposure to PE is associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in affected offspring, although the cellular and molecular basis of this increased risk is largely unknown. Methods: Here, we examined the effects of exposure to maternal serum from women with PE or a healthy uncomplicated pregnancy on the survival, neurite growth and mitochondrial function of neuronally differentiated human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, which are commonly used to study neurite growth. Neurite growth and mitochondrial function are two strongly linked neurodevelopmental parameters in which alterations have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders. Following this, we investigated the pleiotropic cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels as a potential mechanism. Results: Cells exposed to 3% (v/v) PE serum for 72 h exhibited increased neurite growth (p < 0.05), which was validated in the human neural progenitor cell line, ReNcell® VM (p < 0.01), and mitochondrial respiration (elevated oxygen consumption rate (p < 0.05), basal mitochondrial respiration, proton leak, ATP synthesis, and non-mitochondrial respiration) compared to control serum-treated cells. ELISA analysis showed elevations in maternal IL-6 in PE sera (p < 0.05) and placental explants (p < 0.05). In support of this, SH-SY5Y cells exposed to 3% (v/v) PE serum for 24 h had increased phospho-STAT3 levels, which is a key intracellular mediator of IL-6 signalling (p < 0.05). Furthermore, treatment with anti-IL-6 neutralizing antibody blocked the effects of PE serum on neurite growth (p < 0.05), and exposure to IL-6 promoted neurite growth in SH-SY5Y cells (p < 0.01). Discussion: Collectively these data show elevated serum levels of maternal IL-6 in PE, which increases neurite growth and mitochondrial function in SH-SY5Y cells. This rationalizes the further study of IL-6 as a potential mediator between PE exposure and neurodevelopmental outcome in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Barron
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College, Cork, Ireland,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Samprikta Manna
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colm J. McElwain
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Andrea Musumeci
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fergus P. McCarthy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard W. O’Keeffe
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College, Cork, Ireland,Cork Neuroscience Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,*Correspondence: Gerard W. O’Keeffe, ; Cathal M. McCarthy,
| | - Cathal M. McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,*Correspondence: Gerard W. O’Keeffe, ; Cathal M. McCarthy,
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Zohar K, Giladi E, Eliyahu T, Linial M. Oxidative Stress and Its Modulation by Ladostigil Alter the Expression of Abundant Long Non-Coding RNAs in SH-SY5Y Cells. Noncoding RNA 2022; 8:ncrna8060072. [PMID: 36412908 PMCID: PMC9680243 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna8060072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, brain injury, and the decline in cognitive function with aging are accompanied by a reduced capacity of cells in the brain to cope with oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, we focused on the response to oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y, a human neuroblastoma cell line. We monitored the viability of the cells in the presence of oxidative stress. Such stress was induced by hydrogen peroxide or by Sin1 (3-morpholinosydnonimine) that generates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). Both stressors caused significant cell death. Our results from the RNA-seq experiments show that SH-SY5Y cells treated with Sin1 for 24 h resulted in 94 differently expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), including many abundant ones. Among the abundant lncRNAs that were upregulated by exposing the cells to Sin1 were those implicated in redox homeostasis, energy metabolism, and neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., MALAT1, MIAT, GABPB1-AS1, NEAT1, MIAT, GABPB1-AS1, and HAND2-AS1). Another group of abundant lncRNAs that were significantly altered under oxidative stress included cancer-related SNHG family members. We tested the impact of ladostigil, a bifunctional reagent with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, on the lncRNA expression levels. Ladostigil was previously shown to enhance learning and memory in the brains of elderly rats. In SH-SY5Y cells, several lncRNAs involved in transcription regulation and the chromatin structure were significantly induced by ladostigil. We anticipate that these poorly studied lncRNAs may act as enhancers (eRNA), regulating transcription and splicing, and in competition for miRNA binding (ceRNA). We found that the induction of abundant lncRNAs, such as MALAT1, NEAT-1, MIAT, and SHNG12, by the Sin1 oxidative stress paradigm specifies only the undifferentiated cell state. We conclude that a global alteration in the lncRNA profiles upon stress in SH-SY5Y may shift cell homeostasis and is an attractive in vitro system to characterize drugs that impact the redox state of the cells and their viability.
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21
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Ouma PA, Mwaeni VK, Amwayi PW, Isaac AO, Nyariki JN. Calcium carbide-induced derangement of hematopoiesis and organ toxicity ameliorated by cyanocobalamin in a mouse model. Lab Anim Res 2022; 38:26. [PMID: 35962424 PMCID: PMC9373447 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-022-00136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Calcium carbide (CaC2) is a chemical primarily used in the production of acetylene gas. The misuse of CaC2 to induce fruit ripening is a global challenge with a potential adverse effects to human health. Additionally, CaC2 is known to contain some reasonable amount of arsenic and phosphorous compounds that are toxic and pose a danger to human health when ingested. The current study sought to characterize CaC2 toxicity and elucidate any protective effects by cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12), a well-established antioxidant and anti-inflammatory bio-molecule. Female Swiss white mice were randomly assigned into three groups; the first group was the control, while the second group was administered with CaC2. The third group received CaC2 followed by administration of vitamin B12. The mice were sacrificed at 60 days post treatment, hematological, biochemical, glutathione assay, cytokine ELISA and standard histopathology was performed. Results CaC2 administration did not significantly alter the mice body weight. CaC2 administration resulted in a significant decrease in packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs) and RBC indices; indicative of CaC2-driven normochromic microcytic anaemia. Further analysis showed CaC2-driven leukopenia. Evidently, vitamin B12 blocked CaC2-driven suppression of PCV, Hb, RBCs and WBCs. Monocytes and neutrophils were significantly up-regulated by CaC2. CaC2-induced elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and bilirubin signaled significant liver damage. Notably, vitamin B12 stabilized AST, ALT and bilirubin in the presence of CaC2, an indication of a protective effect. Histopathological analysis depicted that vitamin B12 ameliorated CaC2-driven liver and kidney injury. CaC2 resulted in the depletion of glutathione (GSH) levels in the liver; while in the brain, kidney and lungs, the GSH levels were elevated. CaC2 administration resulted in elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ. Vitamin B12 assuaged the CaC2-induced elevation of these pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions These findings demonstrate for the first time that oral supplementation with vitamin B12 can protect mice against CaC2-mediated toxicity, inflammation and oxidative stress. The findings provide vital tools for forensic and diagnostic indicators for harmful CaC2 exposure; while providing useful insights into how vitamin B12 can be explored further as an adjunct therapy for CaC2 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pherah A Ouma
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, 00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Victoria K Mwaeni
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, 00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Peris W Amwayi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, 00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Alfred Orina Isaac
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, School of Health Sciences and Technology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, 00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James Nyabuga Nyariki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Kenya, P. O. Box 52428, 00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
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22
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The SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line, a relevant in vitro cell model for investigating neurotoxicology in human: focus on organic pollutants. Neurotoxicology 2022; 92:131-155. [PMID: 35914637 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of the toxicity triggered by chemicals on the human brain has traditionally relied on approaches using rodent in vivo models and in vitro cell models including primary neuronal cultures and cell lines from rodents. The issues of species differences between humans and rodents, the animal ethical concerns and the time and cost required for neurotoxicity studies on in vivo animal models, do limit the use of animal-based models in neurotoxicology. In this context, human cell models appear relevant in elucidating cellular and molecular impacts of neurotoxicants and facilitating prioritization of in vivo testing. The SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line (ATCC® CRL-2266TM) is one of the most used cell lines in neurosciences, either undifferentiated or differentiated into neuron-like cells. This review presents the characteristics of the SH-SY5Y cell line and proposes the results of a systematic review of literature on the use of this in vitro cell model for neurotoxicity research by focusing on organic environmental pollutants including pesticides, 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), flame retardants, PFASs, parabens, bisphenols, phthalates, and PAHs. Organic environmental pollutants are widely present in the environment and increasingly known to cause clinical neurotoxic effects during fetal & child development and adulthood. Their effects on cultured SH-SY5Y cells include autophagy, cell death (apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, or necrosis), increased oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, disruption of neurotransmitter homeostasis, and alteration of neuritic length. Finally, the inherent advantages and limitations of the SH-SY5Y cell model are discussed in the context of chemical testing.
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Lian N, Mao X, Su Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen H, Zhu R, Yu Y, Xie K. Hydrogen-rich medium ameliorates lipopolysaccharides-induced mitochondrial fission and dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) via up-regulating HO-1 expression. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:108936. [PMID: 35738091 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. It has been showed that the change of mitochondrial dynamics has been proved to be one of the main causes of death in patients with severe sepsis. And hydrogen has been proved to exert its protective effects against sepsis via heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). This study was designed to demonstrate that whether the benefit effects of hydrogen can maintain the dynamic process of mitochondrial fusion/fission to mitigate human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injury exposed to endotoxin through HO-1. METHODS HUVECs cells cultured with medium which contained Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), Saline, hydrogen, Mdivi-1 (a dynamin-related protein 1 [Drp1] inhibitor) or zinc protoporphyrin IX (Znpp) (a HO-1 inhibitor) were also used in the research. Cell death and apoptosis were assessed using FITC annexin V and PI. Mitochondria were stained with Mitotracker orange and observed by confocal microscope. Oxygen consumption rate was assessed by seahorse xf24 extracellular analyzer. Mitochondrial membrane potential monitored by JC-1 dye. The expressions of Drp1 and HO-1 were tested by Western blot. The co-localization of Drp1 and mitochondria was determined by immunofluorescence. RESULTS LPS caused a decrease in ATP content, mitochondrial membrane potential, and maximal respiration rate. At the same time, increased expression of Drp1 were observed in LPS-stimulated HUVECs, concomitantly with excessive mitochondrial fission. We found that hydrogen-rich medium can increase ATP content, mitochondrial membrane potential and maximal respiration rate, and decrease the expression of Drp1 in LPS-treated HUVECs. Meanwhile, hydrogen can ameliorate excessive mitochondrial fission caused by LPS. Furthermore, hydrogen-rich medium had a similar effect to Mdivi-1, a mitochondrial fission blocker. Both of them rescued the up-regulation of Drp1 and mitochondrial fission induced by LPS, then normalized mitochondrial shape after LPS stimulation. But after Znpp pretreatment, HO-1 expression was inhibited and the protective effects of hydrogen were abrogated. CONCLUSIONS Hydrogen-rich medium can alleviate the LPS-induced mitochondrial fusion/fission and dysfunction in HUVECs via HO-1 up-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naqi Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xing Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yanchao Su
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yaoqi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yuzun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Hongguang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Ruqing Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stomatology Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Keliang Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China.
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Neuroprotective Effect of Luteolin-7-O-Glucoside against 6-OHDA-Induced Damage in Undifferentiated and RA-Differentiated SH-SY5Y Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062914. [PMID: 35328335 PMCID: PMC8949357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Luteolin is one of the most common flavonoids present in edible plants and its potential benefits to the central nervous system include decrease of microglia activation, neuronal damage and high antioxidant properties. The aim of this research was to evaluate the neuroprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of luteolin-7-O-glucoside (Lut7). Undifferentiated and retinoic acid (RA)-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with Lut7 and incubated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Cytotoxic and neuroprotective effects were determined by MTT assay. Antioxidant capacity was determined by DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC assays. ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), Caspase–3 activity, acetylcholinesterase inhibition (AChEI) and nuclear damage were also determined in SH-SY5Y cells. TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 release were evaluated in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells by ELISA. In undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells, Lut7 increased cell viability after 24 h, while in RA-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, Lut7 increased cell viability after 24 and 48 h. Lut7 showed a high antioxidant activity when compared with synthetic antioxidants. In undifferentiated cells, Lut7 prevented mitochondrial membrane depolarization induced by 6-OHDA treatment, decreased Caspase-3 and AChE activity, and inhibited nuclear condensation and fragmentation. In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, Lut7 treatment reduced TNF-α levels and increased IL-10 levels after 3 and 24 h, respectively. In summary, the results suggest that Lut7 has neuroprotective effects, thus, further studies should be considered to validate its pharmacological potential in more complex models, aiming the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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25
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Dodson M, Benavides GA, Darley-Usmar V, Zhang J. Differential Effects of 2-Deoxyglucose and Glucose Deprivation on 4-Hydroxynonenal Dependent Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Primary Neurons. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:812810. [PMID: 35821809 PMCID: PMC9261388 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.812810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic decline are prevalent features of aging and age-related disorders, including neurodegeneration. Neurodegenerative diseases are associated with a progressive loss of metabolic homeostasis. This pathogenic decline in metabolism is the result of several factors, including decreased mitochondrial function, increased oxidative stress, inhibited autophagic flux, and altered metabolic substrate availability. One critical metabolite for maintaining neuronal function is glucose, which is utilized by the brain more than any other organ to meet its substantial metabolic demand. Enzymatic conversion of glucose into its downstream metabolites is critical for maintaining neuronal cell growth and overall metabolic homeostasis. Perturbation of glycolysis could significantly hinder neuronal metabolism by affecting key metabolic pathways. Here, we demonstrate that the glucose analogue 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) decreases cell viability, as well as both basal and maximal mitochondrial oxygen consumption in response to the neurotoxic lipid 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), whereas glucose deprivation has a minimal effect. Furthermore, using a cell permeabilization assay we found that 2DG has a more pronounced effect on HNE-dependent inhibition of mitochondrial complex I and II than glucose deprivation. Importantly, these findings indicate that altered glucose utilization plays a critical role in dictating neuronal survival by regulating the mitochondrial response to electrophilic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Dodson
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Gloria A. Benavides
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham VA Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: Jianhua Zhang,
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26
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Pandey A, Sarkar S, Yadav SK, Yadav SS, Srikrishna S, Siddiqui MH, Parmar D, Yadav S. Studies on Regulation of Global Protein Profile and Cellular Bioenergetics of Differentiating SH-SY5Y Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:1799-1818. [PMID: 35025051 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The SH-SY5Y cells differentiated by sequential exposure of retinoic acid (RA) and brain-derived neurotrophic growth factor (BDNF) are a well-employed cellular model for studying the mechanistic aspects of neural development and neurodegeneration. Earlier studies from our lab have identified dramatic upregulation (77 miRNAs) and downregulation (17 miRNAs) of miRNAs in SH-SY5Y cells differentiated with successive exposure of RA + BDNF and demonstrated the essential role of increased levels of P53 proteins in coping with the differentiation-induced changes in protein levels. In continuation to our earlier studies, we have performed unbiased LC-MS/MS global protein profiling of naïve and differentiated SH-SY5Y cells and analyzed the identified proteins in reference to miRNAs identified in our earlier studies to identify the cellular events regulated by both identified miRNAs and proteins. Analysis of LC-MS/MS data has shown a significant increase and decrease in levels of 215 and 163 proteins, respectively, in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. Integrative analysis of miRNA identified in our previous studies and protein identified in the present study is carried out to discover novel miRNA-protein regulatory modules to elucidate miRNA-protein regulatory relationships of differentiating neurons. In silico network analysis of miRNAs and proteins deregulated upon SH-SY5Y differentiation identified cell cycle, synapse formation, axonogenesis, differentiation, neuron projection, and neurotransmission, as the topmost involved pathways. Further, measuring mitochondrial dynamics and cellular bioenergetics using qPCR and Seahorse XFp Flux Analyzer, respectively, showed that differentiated cells possess increased mitochondrial dynamics and OCR relative to undifferentiated cells. In summary, our studies have identified a novel set of proteins deregulated during neuronal differentiation and establish the role of miRNAs identified in earlier studies in the regulation of proteins identified by LC-MS/MS-based global profiling of differentiating neurons, which will help in future studies related to neural development and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Pandey
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, , CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Uttar Pradesh, Vishvigyan Bhawan, Lucknow, India.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Sana Sarkar
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, , CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Uttar Pradesh, Vishvigyan Bhawan, Lucknow, India.,Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Yadav
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, , CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Uttar Pradesh, Vishvigyan Bhawan, Lucknow, India
| | - Smriti Singh Yadav
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, , CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Uttar Pradesh, Vishvigyan Bhawan, Lucknow, India
| | - Saripella Srikrishna
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Devendra Parmar
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, , CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Uttar Pradesh, Vishvigyan Bhawan, Lucknow, India.
| | - Sanjay Yadav
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, , CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Uttar Pradesh, Vishvigyan Bhawan, Lucknow, India. .,All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Uttar Pradesh, Raebareli, India.
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27
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Turkez H, Arslan ME, Yilmaz A, Doru F, Caglar O, Arslan E, Tatar A, Hacımuftuoglu A, Abd El-Aty AM, Mardinoglu A. In vitro transcriptome response to propolis in differentiated SH-SY5Y neurons. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13990. [PMID: 34730243 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Propolis is the extract of a resinous compound that protects plants from both cold and microorganism attack and has gained a strong and sticky property because it is transformed after being collected by honey bees. Up to date, many studies have shown that propolis exhibited various beneficial biological activities, such as antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, antimutagenic, and antitumor effects. Recent reports propounded the in vitro and in vivo neuroprotective effect of propolis; however, the exact molecular genetic mechanisms are still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the toxicogenomic and beneficial properties, including cytotoxic, antioxidant, apoptotic/necrotic as well as genotoxic effects of propolis (1.56-200 µg/ml) on differentiated SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. Additionally, microarray analysis was conducted on cell cultures following propolis application to explore gene differentiation. Differentially expressed genes were further analyzed using string software to characterize protein-protein interactions between gene pathways. Our results revealed that propolis applications could not have a prominent effect on cell viability even at concentrations up to 200 µg/ml. The highest propolis concentration induced apoptotic rather than necrotic cell death. The alterations in gene expression profiles, including CYP26A1, DHRS2, DHRS3, DYNC1I1, IGF2, ITGA4, SVIL, TGFβ1, and TGM2 could participate in the neuroprotective effects of propolis. In conclusion, propolis supplementation exerted remarkable advantageous; thus, it may offer great potential as a natural component in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Whole-genome gene expression pattern following propolis application was investigated for the first time in neuronal cell culture to fill a gap in the literature about propolis toxicogenomics. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Propolis is a very rich product in terms of benefits. In addition to its antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory content, it is known to have preventive and therapeutic properties for many different ailments. On the other hand, molecular mechanisms of propolis on gene expression differentiations haven't been investigated until now. Moreover, gene expression pattern is vital for all living organisms to maintain homeostasis. Thus, we conduct an experiment series for analyzing gene expression differentiation effects on neuronal cells to understand beneficial properties of propolis. Hence, it could be possible to comment on the use of propolis as a nutritional factor and beneficial diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Enes Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yilmaz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Funda Doru
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozge Caglar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Elif Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Abdulgani Tatar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hacımuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK
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Daneshgar N, Baguley AW, Liang PI, Wu F, Chu Y, Kinter MT, Benavides GA, Johnson MS, Darley-Usmar V, Zhang J, Chan KS, Dai DF. Metabolic derangement in polycystic kidney disease mouse models is ameliorated by mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1200. [PMID: 34671066 PMCID: PMC8528863 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02730-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by progressively enlarging cysts. Here we elucidate the interplay between oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and metabolic derangement using two mouse models of PKD1 mutation, PKD1RC/null and PKD1RC/RC. Mouse kidneys with PKD1 mutation have decreased mitochondrial complexes activity. Targeted proteomics analysis shows a significant decrease in proteins involved in the TCA cycle, fatty acid oxidation (FAO), respiratory complexes, and endogenous antioxidants. Overexpressing mitochondrial-targeted catalase (mCAT) using adeno-associated virus reduces mitochondrial ROS, oxidative damage, ameliorates the progression of PKD and partially restores expression of proteins involved in FAO and the TCA cycle. In human ADPKD cells, inducing mitochondrial ROS increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation and decreased AMPK phosphorylation, whereas the converse was observed with increased scavenging of ROS in the mitochondria. Treatment with the mitochondrial protective peptide, SS31, recapitulates the beneficial effects of mCAT, supporting its potential application as a novel therapeutic for ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Daneshgar
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Andrew W Baguley
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Peir-In Liang
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Yi Chu
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael T Kinter
- Aging & Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Gloria A Benavides
- Department of Pathology, Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michelle S Johnson
- Department of Pathology, Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kung-Sik Chan
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Dao-Fu Dai
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Zohar K, Lezmi E, Eliyahu T, Linial M. Ladostigil Attenuates Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblast-like SH-SY5Y Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091251. [PMID: 34572436 PMCID: PMC8471141 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of the aging brain is the robust inflammation mediated by microglial activation. Pathophysiology of common neurodegenerative diseases involves oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Chronic treatment of aging rats by ladostigil, a compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory function, prevented microglial activation and learning deficits. In this study, we further investigate the effect of ladostigil on undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells. We show that SH-SY5Y cells exposed to acute (by H2O2) or chronic oxidative stress (by Sin1, 3-morpholinosydnonimine) induced apoptotic cell death. However, in the presence of ladostigil, the decline in cell viability and the increase of oxidative levels were partially reversed. RNA-seq analysis showed that prolonged oxidation by Sin1 resulted in a simultaneous reduction of the expression level of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) genes that participate in proteostasis. By comparing the differential gene expression profile of Sin1 treated cells to cells incubated with ladostigil before being exposed to Sin1, we observed an over-expression of Clk1 (Cdc2-like kinase 1) which was implicated in psychophysiological stress in mice and Alzheimer’s disease. Ladostigil also suppressed the expression of Ccpg1 (Cell cycle progression 1) and Synj1 (Synaptojanin 1) that are involved in ER-autophagy and endocytic pathways. We postulate that ladostigil alleviated cell damage induced by oxidation. Therefore, under conditions of chronic stress that are observed in the aging brain, ladostigil may block oxidative stress processes and consequently reduce neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Zohar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; (K.Z.); (T.E.)
| | - Elyad Lezmi
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;
| | - Tsiona Eliyahu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; (K.Z.); (T.E.)
| | - Michal Linial
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; (K.Z.); (T.E.)
- Correspondence:
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30
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Szychowski KA, Skóra B, Mańdziuk M. Tris (2,3-Dibromopropyl) Isocyanurate (TDBP-TAZTO or TBC) Shows Different Toxicity Depending on the Degree of Differentiation of the Human Neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) Cell Line. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1575-1588. [PMID: 34342853 PMCID: PMC8429403 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate (TDBP-TAZTO or TBC) is a heterocyclic hexabromated flame retardant. It is widely used during the production of many synthetic compounds. High concentrations of TDBP-TAZTO were found in river water, surface sediments, soil, earthworms, and carp tissues. Moreover, it has been shown that this compound can cross the blood–brain barrier and accumulate in the gut and brain of carp. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has been characterized as a multifunctional intracellular sensor and receptor. AhR is an activator of cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1A2, which metabolize various toxic compounds. The aim of the study was to explain how/whether TDBP-TAZTO increases the expression and/or activity of the CYP1A1 enzyme and the AhR and TUBB3 expression during SH-SY5Y cell differentiation. SH-SY5Y cells were differentiated for 7 and 14 days using retinoic acid. Cell viability, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, and mRNA expression of CYP1A1, AhR, and TUBB3 were assessed. Our experiment showed that, during the differentiation process, the ability of TDBP-TAZTO to induce EROD activity in SH-SY5Y cells subsequently decreased, which may have been an effect of cell differentiation into neurons. Moreover, the results suggest that TDBP-TAZTO can affect the differentiation process. Since no CYP2B6 mRNA expression was detected, the CAR receptor may not be involved in the TDBP-TAZTO mechanism of action. However, more research is needed in this field to elucidate this mechanism precisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad A Szychowski
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Skóra
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Marzena Mańdziuk
- Department of Physiotherapy, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225, Rzeszow, Poland
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31
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da Costa RT, dos Santos MB, Silva ICS, de Almeida RP, Teruel MS, Carrettiero DC, Ribeiro CAJ. Methylmalonic Acid Compromises Respiration and Reduces the Expression of Differentiation Markers of SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cells. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2608-2618. [PMID: 34191487 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmalonic acidemia is a rare metabolic disorder caused by the deficient activity of l-methylmalonyl-CoA mutase or its cofactor 5-deoxyadenosylcobalamin and is characterized by accumulation of methylmalonic acid (MMA) and alternative metabolites. The brain is one of the most affected tissues and neurologic symptoms, characterized by seizures, mental retardation, psychomotor abnormalities, and coma, commonly appear in newborns. The molecular mechanisms of neuropathogenesis in methylmalonic acidemia are still poorly understood, specifically regarding the impairments in neuronal development, maturation, and differentiation. In this study, we investigated the effects of MMA in both undifferentiated and differentiated phenotypes of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. We observed an increase in glucose consumption and reduction in respiratory parameters of both undifferentiated and differentiated cells after exposition to MMA, suggesting that differentiated cells are slightly more prone to perturbations in respiratory parameters by MMA than undifferentiated cells. Next, we performed qPCR of mature neuronal-specific gene markers and measured mitochondrial functioning to evaluate the role of MMA during differentiation. Our results showed that MMA impairs the respiratory parameters only at the late stage of differentiation and downregulates the transcriptional gene profile of mature neuronal markers neuron-specific enolase (ENO2) and synaptophysin (SYP). Altogether, our findings point out important changes observed during neuronal maturation and energetic stress vulnerability that can play a role in the neurological clinical symptoms at the newborn period and reveal important molecular mechanisms that could help the screening of targets to new approaches in the therapies of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata T. da Costa
- Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), São Bernardo do Campo, SP 09606-070, Brazil
| | - Marcella B. dos Santos
- Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), São Bernardo do Campo, SP 09606-070, Brazil
| | - Izabel C. S. Silva
- Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), São Bernardo do Campo, SP 09606-070, Brazil
| | - Raquel P. de Almeida
- Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), São Bernardo do Campo, SP 09606-070, Brazil
| | - Marcela S. Teruel
- Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), São Bernardo do Campo, SP 09606-070, Brazil
| | - Daniel C. Carrettiero
- Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), São Bernardo do Campo, SP 09606-070, Brazil
| | - César A. J. Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), São Bernardo do Campo, SP 09606-070, Brazil
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32
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Ademowo OS, Dias IHK, Diaz-Sanchez L, Sanchez-Aranguren L, Stahl W, Griffiths HR. Partial Mitigation of Oxidized Phospholipid-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neuronal Cells by Oxocarotenoids. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 74:113-126. [PMID: 31985464 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are important (patho)physiological sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that mediate mitochondrial dysfunction and phospholipid oxidation; an increase in mitochondrial content of oxidized phospholipid (OxPL) associates with cell death. Previously we showed that the circulating OxPL 1-palmitoyl-2-(5'-oxo-valeroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POVPC) increases in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and associates with lower plasma antioxidant oxocarotenoids, zeaxanthin, and lutein. Since oxocarotenoids are metabolized in mitochondria, we propose that during AD, lower concentrations of mitochondrial zeaxanthin and lutein may result in greater phospholipid oxidation and predispose to neurodegeneration. Here, we have investigated whether non-toxic POVPC concentrations impair mitochondrial metabolism in differentiated (d)SH-SY5Y neuronal cells and whether there is any protective role for oxocarotenoids against mitochondrial dysfunction. After 24 hours, glutathione (GSH) concentration was lower in neuronal cells exposed to POVPC (1-20 μM) compared with vehicle control without loss of viability compared to control. However, mitochondrial ROS production (determined by MitoSOX oxidation) was increased by 50% only after 20 μM POVPC. Following delivery of lutein (0.1-1 μM) and zeaxanthin (0.5-5 μM) over 24 hours in vitro, oxocarotenoid recovery from dSH-SY5Y cells was > 50%. Co-incubation with oxocarotenoids prevented loss of GSH after 1 μM but not 20 μM POVPC, whereas the increase in ROS production induced by 20 μM POVPC was prevented by lutein and zeaxanthin. Mitochondrial uncoupling increases and ATP production is inhibited by 20 μM but not 1 μM POVPC; carotenoids protected against uncoupling although did not restore ATP production. In summary, 20 μM POVPC induced loss of GSH and a mitochondrial bioenergetic deficit in neuronal cells that was not mitigated by oxocarotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi S Ademowo
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Irundika H K Dias
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lorena Diaz-Sanchez
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Wilhelm Stahl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 1, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Helen R Griffiths
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford, UK
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33
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Naia L, Pinho CM, Dentoni G, Liu J, Leal NS, Ferreira DMS, Schreiner B, Filadi R, Fão L, Connolly NMC, Forsell P, Nordvall G, Shimozawa M, Greotti E, Basso E, Theurey P, Gioran A, Joselin A, Arsenian-Henriksson M, Nilsson P, Rego AC, Ruas JL, Park D, Bano D, Pizzo P, Prehn JHM, Ankarcrona M. Neuronal cell-based high-throughput screen for enhancers of mitochondrial function reveals luteolin as a modulator of mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum coupling. BMC Biol 2021; 19:57. [PMID: 33761951 PMCID: PMC7989211 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-00979-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common feature of aging, neurodegeneration, and metabolic diseases. Hence, mitotherapeutics may be valuable disease modifiers for a large number of conditions. In this study, we have set up a large-scale screening platform for mitochondrial-based modulators with promising therapeutic potential. RESULTS Using differentiated human neuroblastoma cells, we screened 1200 FDA-approved compounds and identified 61 molecules that significantly increased cellular ATP without any cytotoxic effect. Following dose response curve-dependent selection, we identified the flavonoid luteolin as a primary hit. Further validation in neuronal models indicated that luteolin increased mitochondrial respiration in primary neurons, despite not affecting mitochondrial mass, structure, or mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species. However, we found that luteolin increased contacts between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), contributing to increased mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) and Ca2+-dependent pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. This signaling pathway likely contributed to the observed effect of luteolin on enhanced mitochondrial complexes I and II activities. Importantly, we observed that increased mitochondrial functions were dependent on the activity of ER Ca2+-releasing channels inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) both in neurons and in isolated synaptosomes. Additionally, luteolin treatment improved mitochondrial and locomotory activities in primary neurons and Caenorhabditis elegans expressing an expanded polyglutamine tract of the huntingtin protein. CONCLUSION We provide a new screening platform for drug discovery validated in vitro and ex vivo. In addition, we describe a novel mechanism through which luteolin modulates mitochondrial activity in neuronal models with potential therapeutic validity for treatment of a variety of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Naia
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catarina M Pinho
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giacomo Dentoni
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Medicine-Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nuno Santos Leal
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Duarte M S Ferreira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bernadette Schreiner
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Riccardo Filadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Lígia Fão
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Niamh M C Connolly
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Department of Physiology & Medical Physics Department, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Makoto Shimozawa
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisa Greotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Emy Basso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Pierre Theurey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Gioran
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Alvin Joselin
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Per Nilsson
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Cristina Rego
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Park
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Daniele Bano
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Department of Physiology & Medical Physics Department, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maria Ankarcrona
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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34
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Valek L, Tegeder I. Nucleoredoxin Knockdown in SH-SY5Y Cells Promotes Cell Renewal. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030449. [PMID: 33805811 PMCID: PMC7999887 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleoredoxin (NXN) is a redox regulator of Disheveled and thereby of WNT signaling. Deficiency in mice leads to cranial dysmorphisms and defects of heart, brain, and bone, suggesting defects of cell fate determination. We used shRNA-mediated knockdown of NXN in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to study its impact on neuronal cells. We expected that shNXN cells would easily succumb to redox stress, but there were no differences in viability on stimulation with hydrogen peroxide. Instead, the proliferation of naïve shNXN cells was increased with a higher rate of mitotic cells in cell cycle analyses. In addition, basal respiratory rates were higher, whereas the relative change in oxygen consumption upon mitochondrial stressors was similar to control cells. shNXN cells had an increased expression of redox-sensitive heat shock proteins, Hsc70/HSPA8 and HSP90, and autophagy markers suggested an increase in autophagosome formation upon stimulation with bafilomycin and higher flux under low dose rapamycin. A high rate of self-renewal, autophagy, and upregulation of redox-sensitive chaperones appears to be an attractive anti-aging combination if it were to occur in neurons in vivo for which SH-SY5Y cells are a model.
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35
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Douida A, Batista F, Boto P, Regdon Z, Robaszkiewicz A, Tar K. Cells Lacking PA200 Adapt to Mitochondrial Dysfunction by Enhancing Glycolysis via Distinct Opa1 Processing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041629. [PMID: 33562813 PMCID: PMC7914502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The conserved Blm10/PA200 proteins are proteasome activators. Previously, we identified PA200-enriched regions in the genome of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and ChIP-seq analysis. We also found that selective mitochondrial inhibitors induced PA200 redistribution in the genome. Collectively, our data indicated that PA200 regulates cellular homeostasis at the transcriptional level. In the present study, our aim is to investigate the impact of stable PA200 depletion (shPA200) on the overall transcriptome of SH-SY5Y cells. RNA-seq data analysis reveals that the genetic ablation of PA200 leads to overall changes in the transcriptional landscape of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. PA200 activates and represses genes regulating metabolic processes, such as the glycolysis and mitochondrial function. Using metabolic assays in live cells, we showed that stable knockdown of PA200 does not change basal respiration. Spare respiratory capacity and proton leak however are slightly, yet significantly, reduced in PA200-deficient cells by 99.834% and 84.147%, respectively, compared to control. Glycolysis and glycolytic capacity show a 42.186% and 26.104% increase in shPA200 cells, respectively, compared to control. These data suggest a shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis especially when cells are exposed to oligomycin-induced stress. Furthermore, we observed a preserved long and compact tubular mitochondrial morphology after inhibition of ATP synthase by oligomycin, which might be associated with the glycolytic change of shPA200 cells. The present study also demonstrates that the proteolytic cleavage of Opa1 is affected, and that the level of OMA1 is significantly reduced in shPA200 cells upon oligomycin-induced mitochondrial insult. Together, these findings suggest a role for PA200 in the regulation of metabolic changes in response to selective inhibition of ATP synthase in an in vitro cellular model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdennour Douida
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.D.); (Z.R.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Frank Batista
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Pal Boto
- Stem Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Zsolt Regdon
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.D.); (Z.R.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Agnieszka Robaszkiewicz
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Krisztina Tar
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.D.); (Z.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-52-412-345
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36
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Simões RF, Ferrão R, Silva MR, Pinho SLC, Ferreira L, Oliveira PJ, Cunha-Oliveira T. Refinement of a differentiation protocol using neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells for use in neurotoxicology research. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 149:111967. [PMID: 33417974 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.111967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since most models used to study neuronal dysfunction display disadvantages and ethical concerns, a fast and reproducible in vitro model to study mitochondria-related neurodegeneration is required. Here, we optimized and characterized a 3-day retinoic acid-based protocol to differentiate the SH-SY5Y cell line into a neuronal-like phenotype and investigated alterations in mitochondrial physiology and distribution. Differentiation was associated with p21-linked cell cycle arrest and an increase in cell mass and area, possibly associated with the development of neurite-like extensions. Notably, increased expression of mature neuronal markers (neuronal-specific nuclear protein, microtubule-associated protein 2, βIII tubulin and enolase 2) was observed in differentiated cells. Moreover, increased mitochondrial content and maximal area per cell suggests mitochondrial remodeling. To demonstrate that this model is appropriate to study mitochondrial dysfunction, cells were treated for 6 h with mitochondrial toxicants (rotenone, antimycin A, carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)). Differentiated cells were more susceptible to increasing concentrations of FCCP, antimycin A, and rotenone, while 6-OHDA showed a distinct dose-dependent neurotoxicity pattern. Even though differentiated cells did not exhibit a fully mature/differentiated neuronal phenotype, the protocol developed can be used to study neurotoxicity processes, mitochondrial dynamics, and bioenergetic impairment, representing an alternative to study mitochondrial impairment-related pathologies in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui F Simões
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech Building, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, 3060-197, Portugal; Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rafaela Ferrão
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech Building, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, 3060-197, Portugal
| | - Margarida R Silva
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech Building, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, 3060-197, Portugal
| | - Sonia L C Pinho
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech Building, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, 3060-197, Portugal; CIVG- Vasco da Gama Research Center, Vasco da Gama University School, 3020-210, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lino Ferreira
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech Building, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, 3060-197, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech Building, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, 3060-197, Portugal
| | - Teresa Cunha-Oliveira
- CNC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech Building, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, 3060-197, Portugal.
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Rontani P, Perche O, Greetham L, Jullien N, Gepner B, Féron F, Nivet E, Erard-Garcia M. Impaired expression of the COSMOC/MOCOS gene unit in ASD patient stem cells. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1606-1618. [PMID: 32327736 PMCID: PMC8159765 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex neurodevelopmental disorders with a very large number of risk loci detected in the genome. However, at best, each of them explains rare cases, the majority being idiopathic. Genomic data on ASD derive mostly from post-mortem brain analyses or cell lines derived from blood or patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCS). Therefore, the transcriptional and regulatory architecture of the nervous system, particularly during early developmental periods, remains highly incomplete. To access the critical disturbances that may have occurred during pregnancy or early childhood, we recently isolated stem cells from the nasal cavity of anesthetized patients diagnosed for ASD and compared them to stem cells from gender-matched control individuals without neuropsychiatric disorders. This allowed us to discover MOCOS, a non-mutated molybdenum cofactor sulfurase-coding gene that was under-expressed in the stem cells of most ASD patients of our cohort, disturbing redox homeostasis and synaptogenesis. We now report that a divergent transcription upstream of MOCOS generates an antisense long noncoding RNA, to which we coined the name COSMOC. Surprisingly, COSMOC is strongly under-expressed in all ASD patients of our cohort with the exception of a patient affected by Asperger syndrome. Knockdown studies indicate that loss of COSMOC reduces MOCOS expression, destabilizes lipid and energy metabolisms of stem cells, but also affects neuronal maturation and splicing of synaptic genes. Impaired expression of the COSMOC/MOCOS bidirectional unit might shed new lights on the origins of ASD that could be of importance for future translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Rontani
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INP, UMR 7051 Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Perche
- grid.112485.b0000 0001 0217 6921Orléans University, CNRS, INEM, UMR 7355 Orleans, France ,Department of Genetics, Regional Hospital, Orleans, France
| | - Louise Greetham
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INP, UMR 7051 Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Jullien
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INP, UMR 7051 Marseille, France
| | - Bruno Gepner
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INP, UMR 7051 Marseille, France
| | - François Féron
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INP, UMR 7051 Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuel Nivet
- grid.5399.60000 0001 2176 4817Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INP, UMR 7051 Marseille, France
| | - Madeleine Erard-Garcia
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INP, UMR 7051, Marseille, France. .,Orléans University, CNRS, INEM, UMR 7355, Orleans, France.
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38
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Li D, Ding Z, Gui M, Hou Y, Xie K. Metabolic Enhancement of Glycolysis and Mitochondrial Respiration Are Essential for Neuronal Differentiation. Cell Reprogram 2020; 22:291-299. [DOI: 10.1089/cell.2020.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Li
- College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Zhexu Ding
- College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Manjin Gui
- College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Hou
- Ausnutria Hyproca Nutrition Co. Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Kui Xie
- College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
- Ausnutria Hyproca Nutrition Co. Ltd., Changsha, China
- Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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39
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Proctor EC, Turton N, Boan EJ, Bennett E, Philips S, Heaton RA, Hargreaves IP. The Effect of Methylmalonic Acid Treatment on Human Neuronal Cell Coenzyme Q 10 Status and Mitochondrial Function. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9137. [PMID: 33266298 PMCID: PMC7730949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmalonic acidemia is an inborn metabolic disease of propionate catabolism, biochemically characterized by accumulation of methylmalonic acid (MMA) to millimolar concentrations in tissues and body fluids. However, MMA's role in the pathophysiology of the disorder and its status as a "toxic intermediate" is unclear, despite evidence for its ability to compromise antioxidant defenses and induce mitochondrial dysfunction. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a prominent electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) and a lipid-soluble antioxidant which has been reported to be deficient in patient-derived fibroblasts and renal tissue from an animal model of the disease. However, at present, it is uncertain which factors are responsible for inducing this CoQ10 deficiency or the effect of this deficit in CoQ10 status on mitochondrial function. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the potential of MMA, the principal metabolite that accumulates in methylmalonic acidemia, to induce a cellular CoQ10 deficiency. In view of the severe neurological presentation of patients with this condition, human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were used as a neuronal cell model for this investigation. Following treatment with pathological concentrations of MMA (>0.5 mM), we found a significant (p = 0.0087) ~75% reduction in neuronal cell CoQ10 status together with a significant (p = 0.0099) decrease in MRC complex II-III activity at higher concentrations (>2 mM). The deficits in neuronal CoQ10 status and MRC complex II-III activity were associated with a loss of cell viability. However, no significant impairment of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was detectable. These findings indicate the potential of pathological concentrations of MMA to induce a neuronal cell CoQ10 deficiency with an associated loss of MRC complex II-III activity. However, in the absence of an impairment of ΔΨm, the contribution this potential deficit in cellular CoQ10 status makes towards the disease pathophysiology methylmalonic acidemia has yet to be fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C. Proctor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK;
| | - Nadia Turton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (N.T.); (E.J.B.); (E.B.); (R.A.H.)
| | - Elle Jo Boan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (N.T.); (E.J.B.); (E.B.); (R.A.H.)
| | - Emily Bennett
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (N.T.); (E.J.B.); (E.B.); (R.A.H.)
| | - Suzannah Philips
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, The Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen NHS Trust, Prescot Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK;
| | - Robert A. Heaton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (N.T.); (E.J.B.); (E.B.); (R.A.H.)
| | - Iain P. Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (N.T.); (E.J.B.); (E.B.); (R.A.H.)
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40
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Nuclear receptor binding factor 2 (NRBF2) is required for learning and memory. J Transl Med 2020; 100:1238-1251. [PMID: 32350405 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms which underlie defects in learning and memory are a major area of focus with the increasing incidence of Alzheimer's disease in the aging population. The complex genetically-controlled, age-, and environmentally-dependent onset and progression of the cognitive deficits and neuronal pathology call for better understanding of the fundamental biology of the nervous system function. In this study, we focus on nuclear receptor binding factor-2 (NRBF2) which modulates the transcriptional activities of retinoic acid receptor α and retinoid X receptor α, and the autophagic activities of the BECN1-VPS34 complex. Since both transcriptional regulation and autophagic function are important in supporting neuronal function, we hypothesized that NRBF2 deficiency may lead to cognitive deficits. To test this, we developed a new mouse model with nervous system-specific knockout of Nrbf2. In a series of behavioral assessment, we demonstrate that NRBF2 knockout in the nervous system results in profound learning and memory deficits. Interestingly, we did not find deficits in autophagic flux in primary neurons and the autophagy deficits were minimal in the brain. In contrast, RNAseq analyses have identified altered expression of genes that have been shown to impact neuronal function. The observation that NRBF2 is involved in learning and memory suggests a new mechanism regulating cognition involving the role of this protein in regulating networks related to the function of retinoic acid receptors, protein folding, and quality control.
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Gasca CA, Moreira NCS, de Almeida FC, Dutra Gomes JV, Castillo WO, Fagg CW, Magalhães PO, Fonseca-Bazzo YM, Sakamoto-Hojo E, de Medeiros YK, de Souza Borges W, Silveira D. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective potential of Hippeastrum psittacinum (Ker Gawl.) herb (Amaryllidaceae). Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111703. [PMID: 32858133 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hippeastrum psittacinum, Amaryllidaceae, is used in traditional medicine as a purgative, aphrodisiac, and anticough remedy. The ethanol extract (EE) and alkaloid-rich fractions (ARF) from H. psittacinum bulbs were evaluated for their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition. The EE cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory effects in RAW 264.7 cells, and the neuroprotective and genotoxic activities in SH-SY5Y cells, were also estimated. Fifteen alkaloids were identified in the EE by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. ARFs were less active for AChE inhibition than EE. The viability of both cell lines was higher than 70% with EE concentrations below 25 μg/mL. The EE decreased nitrite release in RAW cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, showing values of 83, 67, and 53% at 6.25, 12.5, and 25 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the EE partially protected SH-SY5Y cells from hydrogen peroxide-mediated deleterious effects by approximately 50% at the same concentrations. The micronucleus assays showed that the extract caused chromosomal missegregation at concentrations above 12.5 μg/mL. The in silico analyses showed that some alkaloids presented properties of permeation of the blood-brain barrier and the intestine. Our findings present new evidence of the potential of H. psittacinum potential as an AChE inhibitor, as well as an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian A Gasca
- Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasilia - Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Natalia C S Moreira
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, CEP: 14049-900, Ribeirão, Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C de Almeida
- School of Medicine, University of Brasilia - Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - João V Dutra Gomes
- Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasilia - Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Willian O Castillo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Education, University of Cauca, Cra 2 No 2N-57, Popayán, 19003, Colombia
| | - Christopher W Fagg
- Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasilia, CEP 70919-970, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Pérola O Magalhães
- Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasilia - Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Yris M Fonseca-Bazzo
- Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasilia - Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Elza Sakamoto-Hojo
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, CEP: 14049-900, Ribeirão, Preto, Brazil; Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo; CEP 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Yanna K de Medeiros
- School of Medicine, University of Brasilia - Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Warley de Souza Borges
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, CEP 29075-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Dâmaris Silveira
- Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasilia - Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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42
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Biswas S, Das H, Das U, Sengupta A, Dey Sharma R, Biswas SC, Dey S. Smokeless tobacco induces toxicity and apoptosis in neuronal cells: a mechanistic evaluation. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:477-496. [PMID: 32842814 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1805446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Smokeless tobacco (SLT) or chewing tobacco has been a highly addictive practice in India across ages, posing major threat to the systemic health and possibly neurodegeneration. Earlier studies showed components of SLT could be harmful to neuronal health. However, mechanism of SLT in neurodegeneration remained unexplored. This study investigated the detrimental role of SLT on differentiated neuronal cell lines, PC12 and SH-SY5Y by using graded doses of water soluble lyophilised SLT. Reduced cell viability, compromised mitochondrial structure and functions were observed when neuronal cell lines were treated with SLT (6 mg/mL) for 24 h. There was reduction of oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysis as determined by diminution of ATP production (2.5X) and basal respiration (1.9X). Mitochondrial membrane potential was dropped by 3.5 times. Bid, a pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein, has imperative role in regulating mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and subsequent cytochrome c release leading to apoptosis. This article for the first time indicated the involvement of Bid in SLT mediated neurotoxicity and possibly neurodegeneration. SLT treatment enhanced expression of cleaved-Bid in time dependent manner. The involvement of Bid was further confirmed by using Bid specific shRNA which reversed the effects of SLT and conferred significant protection from apoptosis up to 72 h. Thus, our results clearly indicated that SLT induced neuronal cell death occurred via production of ROS, alteration of mitochondrial morphology, membrane potential and oxidative phosphorylation, inactivation of survival pathway and activation of apoptotic markers mediated by Bid. Therefore, Bid could be a potential future therapeutic target for SLT induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushobhan Biswas
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Hrishita Das
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Ujjal Das
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Aaveri Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Subhas Chandra Biswas
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Sanjit Dey
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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43
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Zielinski J, Ducray AD, Moeller AM, Murbach M, Kuster N, Mevissen M. Effects of pulse-modulated radiofrequency magnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure on apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress and electron chain transport function in human neuroblastoma and murine microglial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 68:104963. [PMID: 32777439 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of body-worn wireless devices with different communication protocols and rapidly changing exposure scenarios is still multiplying and the need to identify possible health effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure with extremely low-frequency (ELF) modulation envelops. In this study, effects of ELF-modulated 935 MHz RF-EMF on apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress and electron exchange in N9 microglial and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were investigated. Cells were exposed at 4 W/kg or sham-exposed for 2 and 24 h. RF-EMF exposure of both cell types did not alter apoptosis, the number of living cells nor the apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), irrespective of the exposure duration. RF-EMF exposure for 24, but not for 2 h, increased protein levels of the autophagy marker ATG5, whereas LC3B-I and II and pERK were not altered in both cell types and exposure times investigated. A transient increase in glutathione (GSH), but not hydrogen peroxide and cytochrome c oxidase was found only in SH-SY5Y cells, indicating that short-time RF-EMF at SAR levels accepted by today's safety guidelines might cause autophagy and oxidative stress with the effect being dependent on cell type and exposure duration. Further studies are needed to evaluate possible underlying mechanisms involved in pulse-modulated RF-EMF exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Zielinski
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Angélique D Ducray
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Anja M Moeller
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Manuel Murbach
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Rämistrasse 101, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.
| | - Niels Kuster
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Rämistrasse 101, Zurich 8092, Switzerland.
| | - Meike Mevissen
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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44
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L'Amoreaux N, Ali A, Iqbal S, Larsen J. Persistent prolate polymersomes for enhanced co-delivery of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:175103. [PMID: 31940601 PMCID: PMC9531343 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab6bf1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled polymersomes encapsulate, protect, and deliver hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. Though spherical polymersomes are effective, early studies suggest that non-spherical structures may enhance specificity of delivery and uptake due to similarity to endogenous uptake targets. Here we describe a method to obtain persistent non-spherical shapes, prolates, via osmotic pressure and the effect of prolates on uptake behavior. Polyethylene glycol-b-poly(lactic acid) polymersomes change in diameter from 145 ± 6 nm to 191 ± 1 nm and increase in polydispersity from 0.05 ± 0.02 to 0.12 ± 0.01 nm after addition of 50 mM salt. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy confirm changes from spheres to prolates. Prolate-like polymersomes maintain their shape in 50 mM NaCl for seven days. Nile Red and bovine serum albumin-Fluorescein dyes are taken up in greater amounts by SH-SY5Y neural cells when encapsulated in polymersomes. Prolate polymersomes may be taken up more efficiently in neural cells than spherical polymersomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L'Amoreaux
- Department of Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, United States of America
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45
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Zhou X, Bouitbir J, Liechti ME, Krähenbühl S, Mancuso RV. Para-Halogenation of Amphetamine and Methcathinone Increases the Mitochondrial Toxicity in Undifferentiated and Differentiated SH-SY5Y Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082841. [PMID: 32325754 PMCID: PMC7215714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Halogenation of amphetamines and methcathinones has become a common method to obtain novel psychoactive substances (NPS) also called “legal highs”. The para-halogenated derivatives of amphetamine and methcathinone are available over the internet and have entered the illicit drug market but studies on their potential neurotoxic effects are rare. The primary aim of this study was to explore the neurotoxicity of amphetamine, methcathinone and their para-halogenated derivatives 4-fluoroamphetamine (4-FA), 4-chloroamphetamine (PCA), 4-fluoromethcathinone (4-FMC), and 4-chloromethcathinone (4-CMC) in undifferentiated and differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. We found that 4-FA, PCA, and 4-CMC were cytotoxic (decrease in cellular ATP and plasma membrane damage) for both cell types, whereby differentiated cells were less sensitive. IC50 values for cellular ATP depletion were in the range of 1.4 mM for 4-FA, 0.4 mM for PCA and 1.4 mM for 4-CMC. The rank of cytotoxicity observed for the para-substituents was chloride > fluoride > hydrogen for both amphetamines and cathinones. Each of 4-FA, PCA and 4-CMC decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential in both cell types, and PCA and 4-CMC impaired the function of the electron transport chain of mitochondria in SH-SY5Y cells. 4-FA, PCA, and 4-CMC increased the ROS level and PCA and 4-CMC induced apoptosis by the endogenous pathway. In conclusion, para-halogenation of amphetamine and methcathinone increases their neurotoxic properties due to the impairment of mitochondrial function and induction of apoptosis. Although the cytotoxic concentrations were higher than those needed for pharmacological activity, the current findings may be important regarding the uncontrolled recreational use of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhou
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jamal Bouitbir
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias E Liechti
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Krähenbühl
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo V Mancuso
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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46
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Zhan J, Li X, Luo D, Hou Y, Hou Y, Chen S, Xiao Z, Luan J, Lin D. Polydatin promotes the neuronal differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and in vivo: Involvement of Nrf2 signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5317-5329. [PMID: 32299154 PMCID: PMC7205798 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation represents a promising repair strategy following spinal cord injury (SCI), although the therapeutic effects are minimal due to their limited neural differentiation potential. Polydatin (PD), a key component of the Chinese herb Polygonum cuspidatum, exerts significant neuroprotective effects in various central nervous system disorders and protects BMSCs against oxidative injury. However, the effect of PD on the neuronal differentiation of BMSCs, and the underlying mechanisms remain inadequately understood. In this study, we induced neuronal differentiation of BMSCs in the presence of PD, and analysed the Nrf2 signalling and neuronal differentiation markers using routine molecular assays. We also established an in vivo model of SCI and assessed the locomotor function of the mice through hindlimb movements and electrophysiological measurements. Finally, tissue regeneration was evaluated by H&E staining, Nissl staining and transmission electron microscopy. PD (30 μmol/L) markedly facilitated BMSC differentiation into neuron‐like cells by activating the Nrf2 pathway and increased the expression of neuronal markers in the transplanted BMSCs at the injured spinal cord sites. Furthermore, compared with either monotherapy, the combination of PD and BMSC transplantation promoted axonal rehabilitation, attenuated glial scar formation and promoted axonal generation across the glial scar, thereby enhancing recovery of hindlimb locomotor function. Taken together, PD augments the neuronal differentiation of BMSCs via Nrf2 activation and improves functional recovery, indicating a promising new therapeutic approach against SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiheng Zhan
- Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Li
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Hou
- Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghui Hou
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shudong Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiyao Luan
- Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingkun Lin
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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47
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Brenig K, Grube L, Schwarzländer M, Köhrer K, Stühler K, Poschmann G. The Proteomic Landscape of Cysteine Oxidation That Underpins Retinoic Acid-Induced Neuronal Differentiation. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:1923-1940. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Brenig
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Leonie Grube
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Schwarzländer
- Institute for Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Plant Energy Biology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Genomics & Transcriptomics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Centre (BMFZ), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Centre (BMFZ), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gereon Poschmann
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Jaber SM, Yadava N, Polster BM. Mapping mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiencies by respirometry: Beyond the Mito Stress Test. Exp Neurol 2020; 328:113282. [PMID: 32165258 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based respirometers, such as the Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer, are valuable tools to assess the functionality of mitochondria within adherent neurons, as well as other cell types. The Mito Stress Test is the most frequently employed protocol of drug additions to evaluate mitochondrial bioenergetic function. Sequential exposure of cells to an ATP synthase inhibitor such as oligomycin and an uncoupler such as FCCP cause changes in oxygen consumption rate that allow estimation of the cellular efficiency and capacity for mitochondrial ATP synthesis. While a useful first step in assessing whether an experimental treatment or genetic manipulation affects mitochondrial energetics, the Mito Stress Test does not identify specific sites of altered respiratory chain function. This article discusses limitations of the Mito Stress Test, proposes a refined protocol for comparing cell populations that requires independent drug titrations at multiple cell densities, and describes a stepwise series of respirometry-based assays that "map" locations of electron transport deficiency. These include strategies to test for cytochrome c release, to probe the functionality of specific electron transport chain complexes within intact or permeabilized cells, and to measure NADH oxidation by the linked activity of Complexes I, III, and IV. To illustrate utility, we show that although UK5099 and ABT-737 each decrease the spare respiratory capacity of cortical neurons, the stepwise assays reveal different underlying mechanisms consistent with their established drug targets: deficient Complex I substrate supply induced by the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier inhibitor UK5099 and cytochrome c release induced by the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family protein inhibitor ABT-737.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sausan M Jaber
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Nagendra Yadava
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Brian M Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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A Systematic Analysis Revealed the Potential Gene Regulatory Processes of ATRA-Triggered Neuroblastoma Differentiation and Identified a Novel RA Response Sequence in the NTRK2 Gene. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6734048. [PMID: 32149119 PMCID: PMC7053487 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6734048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid- (RA-) triggered neuroblastoma cell lines are widely used cell modules of neuronal differentiation in neurodegenerative disease studies, but the gene regulatory mechanism underlying differentiation is unclear now. In this study, system biological analysis was performed on public microarray data from three neuroblastoma cell lines (SK-N-SH, SH-SY5Y-A, and SH-SY5Y-E) to explore the potential molecular processes of all-trans retinoic acid- (ATRA-) triggered differentiation. RT-qPCR, functional genomics analysis, western blotting, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and homologous sequence analysis were further performed to validate the gene regulation processes and identify the RA response element in a specific gene. The potential disturbed biological pathways (111 functional GO terms in 14 interactive functional groups) and gene regulatory network (10 regulators and 71 regulated genes) in neuroblastoma differentiation were obtained. 15 of the 71 regulated genes are neuronal projection-related. Among them, NTRK2 is the only one that was dramatically upregulated in the RT-qPCR test that we performed on ATRA-treated SH-SY5Y-A cells. We further found that the overexpression of the NTRK2 gene can trigger differentiation-like changes in SH-SY5Y-A cells. Functional genomic analysis and western blotting assay suggested that, in neuroblastoma cells, ATRA may directly regulate the NTRK2 gene by activating the RA receptor (RAR) that binds in its promoter region. A novel RA response DNA element in the NTRK2 gene was then identified by bioinformatics analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. The novel element is sequence conservation and position variation among different species. Our study systematically provided the potential regulatory information of ATRA-triggered neuroblastoma differentiation, and in the NTRK2 gene, we identified a novel RA response DNA element, which may contribute to the differentiation in a human-specific manner.
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High-Resolution Respirometry in Assessment of Mitochondrial Function in Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Intact Cells. J Membr Biol 2020; 253:129-136. [PMID: 31970434 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-020-00107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles with significant cellular functions, especially cellular bioenergetics and apoptosis. They are structural and functional elements of cell respiration with the electron transport system (ETS), whose role is to provide adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. The Krebs cycle and fatty acid oxidation take place within mitochondria. Other metabolic pathways and cycles include some steps inside and outside the mitochondria (e.g., the urea cycle, steroid biosynthesis, heme biosynthesis, and cardiolipin synthesis). Dysfunction of mitochondria plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of a variety of diseases including degenerative diseases, aging, and cancer, etc. Nowadays the interest of the mitochondrial respiratory function is still increasing due to their importance in the physiology and pathophysiology of an organism. Neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y is widely used as an in vitro model in neurodegenerative diseases, where mitochondrial dysfunction is considered as a key mechanism in pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders. This paper gives first insight into the mitochondrial respiration and characterization of SH-SY5Y cells, with basic information of respiration in different coupling control states including ROUTINE, LEAK, and maximal electron transport (ET) capacity.
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