1
|
Vilas-Boas EA, Kowaltowski AJ. Mitochondrial redox state, bioenergetics, and calcium transport in caloric restriction: A metabolic nexus. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 219:195-214. [PMID: 38677486 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.04.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria congregate central reactions in energy metabolism, many of which involve electron transfer. As such, they are expected to both respond to changes in nutrient supply and demand and also provide signals that integrate energy metabolism intracellularly. In this review, we discuss how mitochondrial bioenergetics and reactive oxygen species production is impacted by dietary interventions that change nutrient availability and impact on aging, such as calorie restriction. We also discuss how dietary interventions alter mitochondrial Ca2+ transport, regulating both mitochondrial and cytosolic processes modulated by this ion. Overall, a plethora of literature data support the idea that mitochondrial oxidants and calcium transport act as integrating signals coordinating the response to changes in nutritional supply and demand in cells, tissues, and animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa A Vilas-Boas
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
George M, Reddy AP, Reddy PH, Kshirsagar S. Unraveling the NRF2 confusion: Distinguishing nuclear respiratory factor 2 from nuclear erythroid factor 2. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102353. [PMID: 38815934 PMCID: PMC11176867 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the acronym NRF2 has garnered significant attention in scientific discourse. However, this attention has occasionally led to confusion due to the existence of two distinct proteins sharing the same acronym: Nuclear Respiratory Factor 2 (NRF2), also known as GA-binding protein transcription factor subunit alpha (GABPA), and Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor 2 (NFE2L2 or NRF2). This confusion has been highlighted in various scientific forums, including PubPeer and anonymous reader comments, where the confusion between the two proteins has been expressed. In this article, we aim to elucidate the disparities between these two proteins. Both are transcription factors that play pivotal roles in cellular homeostasis and response to stress, with some overlapping functional aspects. Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor 2 (NFE2L2) is a key regulator of the antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway. It functions by binding to antioxidant response elements in the promoters of target genes, thereby orchestrating the expression of various cytoprotective enzymes and proteins involved in detoxification, redox balance, and cellular defense against oxidative stress. Conversely, Nuclear Respiratory Factor 2 (GABPA) is primarily associated with the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, in relation to PGC1α, and maintaining cellular energy metabolism. It is important to recognize and differentiate between these two proteins to avoid misconceptions and misinterpretations in scientific literature and discussions. Our laboratories (Arubala P Reddy and P. Hemachandra Reddy) focued on Nuclear Respiratory Factor 2 (NRF2), but not on Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor 2 (NFE2L2). We hope that the facts, figures, and discussions presented in this article will clarify the current controversy regarding the sizes, structural features, and functional aspects of these proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathew George
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Arubala P Reddy
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Nutritional Sciences Department, College Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA 5. Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - Sudhir Kshirsagar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shrestha U, Chae HD, Fang Q, Lee RJ, Packiasamy J, Huynh L, Blecha J, Huynh TL, VanBrocklin HF, Levi J, Seo Y. A feasibility study of [18F]F-AraG positron emission tomography (PET) for cardiac imaging - myocardial viability in ischemia-reperfusion injury model. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4244476. [PMID: 38746162 PMCID: PMC11092840 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4244476/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Myocardial infarction (MI) with subsequent inflammation is one of the most common heart conditions leading to progressive tissue damage. A reliable imaging marker to assess tissue viability after MI would help determine the risks and benefits of any intervention. In this study, we investigate whether a new mitochondria-targeted imaging agent, 18F-labeled 2'-deoxy-2'-18F-fluoro-9-β-d-arabinofuranosylguanine ([18F]F-AraG), a positron emission tomography (PET) agent developed for imaging activated T cells, is suitable for cardiac imaging and to test the myocardial viability after MI. Procedure To test whether the myocardial [18F]-F-AraG signal is coming from cardiomyocytes or immune infiltrates, we compared cardiac signal in wild-type (WT) mice with that of T cell deficient Rag1 knockout (Rag1 KO) mice. We assessed the effect of dietary nucleotides on myocardial [18F]F-AraG uptake in normal heart by comparing [18F]F-AraG signals between mice fed with purified diet and those fed with purified diet supplemented with nucleotides. The myocardial viability was investigated in rodent model by imaging rat with [18F]F-AraG and 2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) before and after MI. All PET signals were quantified in terms of the percent injected dose per cc (%ID/cc). We also explored [18F]FDG signal variability and potential T cell infiltration into fibrotic area in the affected myocardium with H&E analysis. Results The difference in %ID/cc for Rag1 KO and WT mice was not significant (p = ns) indicating that the [18F]F-AraG signal in the myocardium was primarily coming from cardiomyocytes. No difference in myocardial uptake was observed between [18F]F-AraG signals in mice fed with purified diet and with purified diet supplemented with nucleotides (p = ns). The [18F]FDG signals showed wider variability at different time points. Noticeable [18F]F-AraG signals were observed in the affected MI regions. There were T cells in the fibrotic area in the H&E analysis, but they did not constitute the predominant infiltrates. Conclusions Our preliminary preclinical data show that [18F]F-AraG accumulates in cardiomyocytes indicating that it may be suitable for cardiac imaging and to evaluate the myocardial viability after MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lyna Huynh
- UCSF: University of California San Francisco
| | | | | | | | - Jelena Levi
- UCSF: University of California San Francisco
| | - Youngho Seo
- UCSF: University of California San Francisco
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Danylovych H, Danylovych Y, Chunikhin A, Cherenok S, Kalchenko V, Kosterin S. Use of thiacalix[4]arene C-1193 for a directed influence on the functional activity of mitochondria and simulation of this process using a Petri nets. BIOTECHNOLOGIA 2024; 105:69-81. [PMID: 38633893 PMCID: PMC11020151 DOI: 10.5114/bta.2024.135643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In molecular biological studies, considerable attention is paid to macrocyclic nanoscale compounds known as calix[4]arenes. An imperative concern in biochemical membranology and molecular biotechnology is the exploration of effectors capable of modifying the intensity of redox reactions within the inner mitochondrial membrane and influencing the activity of its Ca2+ transport systems. The simulation model development is relevant to formalize and generalize the experimental data and assess the conformity of experimental results with theoretical predictions. Experiments were carried out on a suspension of isolated rat myometrial mitochondria. The synthesized thiacalix[4]arene C-1193, containing four sulfur atoms, was employed. Demonstrations of time-dependent and concentration-dependent (0.01-10 μM) inhibition of Ca2+ accumulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation by mitochondria in the presence of C-1193 were observed. While C-1193 inhibited the oxidation of NADH and FADH2, it did not induce mitochondrial swelling. The thiacalix[4]arene also inhibited the synthesis of nitric oxide, with a Ki of 5.5 ± 1.7 nM, positioning it as a high-affinity blocker of endogenous NO generation in mitochondria. These results are the basis for the possible application of the synthesized thiacalix[4]arene as a tool in researching biochemical processes in mitochondria. A simulation model employing functional hybrid Petri nets was developed, reproducing the functional activity of mitochondria, including simultaneous NADH oxidation, ROS formation, NO synthesis, and Ca2+ accumulation. The derived equations formalize and describe the time dependencies of the listed processes in the medium under the influence of thiacalix[4]arene C-1193.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Danylovych
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yurii Danylovych
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alexander Chunikhin
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergiy Cherenok
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vitaly Kalchenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergiy Kosterin
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wankhede NL, Kale MB, Umare MD, Lokhande S, Upaganlawar AB, Wal P, Taksande BG, Umekar MJ, Khandige PS, Singh B, Sadananda V, Ramniwas S, Behl T. Revisiting the Mitochondrial Function and Communication in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:902-911. [PMID: 38482626 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128286655240304070740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are distinguished by the progressive loss of anatomically or physiologically relevant neural systems. Atypical mitochondrial morphology and metabolic malfunction are found in many neurodegenerative disorders. Alteration in mitochondrial function can occur as a result of aberrant mitochondrial DNA, altered nuclear enzymes that interact with mitochondria actively or passively, or due to unexplained reasons. Mitochondria are intimately linked to the Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and ER-mitochondrial communication governs several of the physiological functions and procedures that are disrupted in neurodegenerative disorders. Numerous researchers have associated these disorders with ER-mitochondrial interaction disturbance. In addition, aberrant mitochondrial DNA mutation and increased ROS production resulting in ionic imbalance and leading to functional and structural alterations in the brain as well as cellular damage may have an essential role in disease progression via mitochondrial malfunction. In this review, we explored the evidence highlighting the role of mitochondrial alterations in neurodegenerative pathways in most serious ailments, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitu L Wankhede
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mayur B Kale
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohit D Umare
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanket Lokhande
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aman B Upaganlawar
- SNJB's Shriman Sureshdada Jain College of Pharmacy, Neminagar, Chandawad 423101, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- Department of Pharmacy, Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, NH-19, Bhauti Road, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Brijesh G Taksande
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Milind J Umekar
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee 441002, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prasanna Shama Khandige
- Department of Conservative, Dentistry and Endodontics, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhupendra Singh
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India
- Department of Pharmacy, S.N. Medical College, Agra, India
| | - Vandana Sadananda
- Department of Conservative, Dentistry and Endodontics, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- University Centre for Research and Development, University of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Amity School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amity University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Venkatesan D, Iyer M, Narayanasamy A, Gopalakrishnan AV, Vellingiri B. Plausible Role of Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Neurodegeneration-a Need for Therapeutic Approach in Parkinson's Disease (PD). Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6992-7008. [PMID: 37523043 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03500-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an advancing age-associated progressive brain disorder which has various diverse factors, among them mitochondrial dysfunction involves in dopaminergic (DA) degeneration. Aging causes a rise in mitochondrial abnormalities which leads to structural and functional modifications in neuronal activity and cell death in PD. This ends in deterioration of mitochondrial function, mitochondrial alterations, mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA CN) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity. mtDNA levels or mtDNA CN in PD have reported that mtDNA depletion would be a predisposing factor in PD pathogenesis. To maintain the mtDNA levels, therapeutic approaches have been focused on mitochondrial biogenesis in PD. The depletion of mtDNA levels in PD can be influenced by autophagic dysregulation, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, sirtuins, and calcium homeostasis. The current review describes the regulation of mtDNA levels and discusses the plausible molecular pathways in mtDNA CN depletion in PD pathogenesis. We conclude by suggesting further research on mtDNA depletion which might show a promising effect in predicting and diagnosing PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhivya Venkatesan
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to Be University), Coimbatore, 641021, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to Be University), Coimbatore, 641021, India
| | - Arul Narayanasamy
- Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ouyang J, Li Q, Zhou H, Li G, Wu Y, Yang L, Li G. Tryptophan alleviates chronic heat stress-induced impairment of antioxidant capacities, inflammatory response, and mitochondrial function in broilers. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:425. [PMID: 38030895 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03842-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary tryptophan (Trp) supplementation on serum biochemical indices, antioxidant indices, cytokine levels, mitochondrial biosynthesis, and mitochondrial morphology of heat-stressed broilers. A total of 180 female Arbor Acres broilers (18-day-old) were randomly allocated into three groups with six replicates of 10 broilers each. Broilers in thermoneutral (TN) (23 ± 1 °C) group were fed a basal diet; the other two groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0 or 0.18% Trp under heat stress (HS) (34 ± 1 °C for 8 h/day (h/day) and 23 ± 1°C for the remaining time) condition. The heat stress lasted for 21 days (days 21 to 42). The results indicated that heat stress reduced serum total protein content (TP) and decreased the activities of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), but increased the levels of serum uric acid (UA), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-18 (P < 0.05) compared to the TN group. However, dietary supplementation with 0.18% Trp enhanced serum TP content, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), SOD, catalase (CAT) activities, and T-AOC; decreased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities (P < 0.05); and lowered serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18 contents (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, heat stress exposure downregulated the mRNA expression of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1), and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A (COX5A) in ileum (P < 0.05) as compared to the TN group. Dietary Trp supplementation enhanced the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the mRNA expression of TFAM, COX1 in ileum mucosa (P < 0.05) and ameliorated the damage of mitochondrial structure. Collectively, dietary supplementation with Trp could improve antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial structure and regulate mitochondrial function-related genes and decrease inflammatory response in heat-stressed broilers. Dietary Trp supplementation might be an effective nutritional strategy to protect against heat stress impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Ouyang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Qiufen Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Guiyao Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yajing Wu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Guanhong Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
- Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guo Z, Wang Z, Liang R, Tian H, Chen X, Chen M. Reactive oxygen species activated by mitochondria-specific camptothecin prodrug for enhanced chemotherapy. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2022; 22:934-948. [PMID: 35801419 PMCID: PMC9589304 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2022.7194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT) has attracted much attention due to its potent antitumor activities. However, the undesirable physicochemical properties, including poor water-solubility, unstable lactone ring and severe adverse effects limit its further application. In this study, two water-soluble prodrugs, CPT-lysine (CPTK) and CPT-arginine (CPTR), were designed and synthesized by conjugating lysine or arginine with CPT, improving its solubility, pharmacokinetic properties and tumor penetration. Importantly, the introduction of arginine into CPTR contributed to the mitochondria-specific delivery, which increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, induced mitochondria dysfunction and enhanced cell apoptosis and in vivo anti-cancer effect. This strategy is believed to hold great potential for organelle-specific synergistic anti-tumor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaopei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ruifeng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Huayu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Meiwan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu YZ, Li ZX, Zhang LL, Wang D, Liu YP. Phenotypic plasticity of vascular smooth muscle cells in vascular calcification: Role of mitochondria. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:972836. [PMID: 36312244 PMCID: PMC9597684 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.972836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is an important hallmark of cardiovascular disease, the osteo-/chondrocyte phenotype differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is the main cause of vascular calcification. Accumulating evidence shows that mitochondrial dysfunction may ultimately be more detrimental in the VSMCs calcification. Mitochondrial participate in essential cellular functions, including energy production, metabolism, redox homeostasis regulation, intracellular calcium homeostasis, apoptosis, and signal transduction. Mitochondrial dysfunction under pathological conditions results in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and metabolic disorders, which further lead to abnormal phenotypic differentiation of VSMCs. In this review, we summarize existing studies targeting mitochondria as a treatment for VC, and focus on VSMCs, highlighting recent progress in determining the roles of mitochondrial processes in regulating the phenotype transition of VSMCs, including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, mitochondrial energy metabolism, and mitochondria/ER interactions. Along these lines, the impact of mitochondrial homeostasis on VC is discussed.
Collapse
|
10
|
Fontenot CR, Cheng Z, Ding H. Nitric oxide reversibly binds the reduced [2Fe-2S] cluster in mitochondrial outer membrane protein mitoNEET and inhibits its electron transfer activity. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:995421. [PMID: 36158570 PMCID: PMC9490426 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.995421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MitoNEET is a mitochondrial outer membrane protein that regulates energy metabolism, iron homeostasis, and production of reactive oxygen species in cells. Aberrant expression of mitoNEET in tissues has been linked to type II diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and several types of cancer. Structurally, the N-terminal domain of mitoNEET has a single transmembrane alpha helix that anchors the protein to mitochondrial outer membrane. The C-terminal cytosolic domain of mitoNEET hosts a redox active [2Fe-2S] cluster via an unusual ligand arrangement of three cysteine and one histidine residues. Here we report that the reduced [2Fe-2S] cluster in the C-terminal cytosolic domain of mitoNEET (mitoNEET45-108) is able to bind nitric oxide (NO) without disruption of the cluster. Importantly, binding of NO at the reduced [2Fe-2S] cluster effectively inhibits the redox transition of the cluster in mitoNEET45-108. While the NO-bound [2Fe-2S] cluster in mitoNEET45-108 is stable, light excitation releases NO from the NO-bound [2Fe-2S] cluster and restores the redox transition activity of the cluster in mitoNEET45-108. The results suggest that NO may regulate the electron transfer activity of mitoNEET in mitochondrial outer membrane via reversible binding to its reduced [2Fe-2S] cluster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Huangen Ding
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Alvarez Villela M, Dunworth SA, Kraft BD, Harlan NP, Natoli MJ, Suliman HB, Moon RE. Effects of high-intensity interval training with hyperbaric oxygen. Front Physiol 2022; 13:963799. [PMID: 36060678 PMCID: PMC9437248 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.963799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric Oxygen (HBO2) has been proposed as a pre-conditioning method to enhance exercise performance. Most prior studies testing this effect have been limited by inadequate methodologies. Its potential efficacy and mechanism of action remain unknown. We hypothesized that HBO2 could enhance aerobic capacity by inducing mitochondrial biogenesis via redox signaling in skeletal muscle. HBO2 was administered in combination with high-intensity interval training (HIIT), a potent redox stimulus known to induce mitochondrial biogenesis. Aerobic capacity was tested during acute hypobaric hypoxia seeking to shift the limiting site of whole body V̇O2 from convection to diffusion, more closely isolating any effect of improved oxidative capacity. Healthy volunteers were screened with sea-level (SL) V̇O2peak testing. Seventeen subjects were enrolled (10 men, 7 women, ages 26.5±1.3 years, BMI 24.6±0.6 kg m−2, V̇O2peak SL = 43.4±2.1). Each completed 6 HIIT sessions over 2 weeks randomized to breathing normobaric air, “HIIT+Air” (PiO2 = 0.21 ATM) or HBO2 (PiO2 = 1.4 ATM) during training, “HIIT+HBO2” group. Training workloads were individualized based on V̇O2peak SL test. Vastus Lateralis (VL) muscle biopsies were performed before and after HIIT in both groups. Baseline and post-training V̇O2peak tests were conducted in a hypobaric chamber at PiO2 = 0.12 ATM. HIIT significantly increased V̇O2peak in both groups: HIIT+HBO2 31.4±1.5 to 35.2±1.2 ml kg−1·min−1 and HIIT+Air 29.0±3.1 to 33.2±2.5 ml kg−1·min−1 (p = 0.005) without an additional effect of HBO2 (p = 0.9 for interaction of HIIT x HBO2). Subjects randomized to HIIT+HBO2 displayed higher skeletal muscle mRNA levels of PPARGC1A, a regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, and HK2 and SLC2A4, regulators of glucose utilization and storage. All other tested markers of mitochondrial biogenesis showed no additional effect of HBO2 to HIIT. When combined with HIIT, short-term modest HBO2 (1.4 ATA) has does not increase whole-body V̇O2peak during acute hypobaric hypoxia. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02356900; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02356900).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Alvarez Villela
- Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sophia A. Dunworth
- Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Bryan D. Kraft
- Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Nicole P. Harlan
- Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Michael J. Natoli
- Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Hagir B. Suliman
- Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Richard E. Moon
- Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Environmental Physiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Richard E. Moon,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bioactive Peptides and Exercise Modulate the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α/FOXO3 Pathway as a Therapeutic Approach for Hypertensive Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070819. [PMID: 35890118 PMCID: PMC9319799 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides are fragments of fundamental protein sequences that may have health benefits in addition to basic dietary benefits. Recently, we have reported on the pharmacological benefits of alcalase potato protein hydrolysate (APPH) and bioactive peptides isolated from APPH. The aim was to evaluate the synergistic effect of exercise along with DIKTNKPVIF (DF) peptides in ameliorating hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) rats. We examined ECG parameters, lipid profiles, cardiac markers, and histology, and quantified the proteins associated with fibrosis, hypertrophy, apoptosis, mitochondrial biogenesis, and longevity pathways. DF peptide administration, along with exercise, reduced the blood pressure and cardiac marker levels in serum. Furthermore, it also suppressed the expression of fibrosis markers COL1A1, CTGF, and uPA and downregulated cardiac-hypertrophy-associated markers such as calcineurin, NFATC3, GATA4, pGATA4 and BNP. Exercise synergistically increases the expression of IFG1, PI3K, and AKT cell-survival pathway proteins, along with DF administration. Moreover, AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α/FOXO3 pathway protein expression was increased with the combinatorial administration of DF and exercise. Our data suggest that exercise, along with DF peptides, act synergistically in alleviating hypertension by activating the mitochondrial biogenesis pathway.
Collapse
|
13
|
Powers SK, Schrager M. Redox signaling regulates skeletal muscle remodeling in response to exercise and prolonged inactivity. Redox Biol 2022; 54:102374. [PMID: 35738088 PMCID: PMC9233275 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fibers are malleable and undergo rapid remodeling in response to increased contractile activity (i.e., exercise) or prolonged periods of muscle inactivity (e.g., prolonged bedrest). Exploration of the cell signaling pathways regulating these skeletal muscle adaptations reveal that redox signaling pathways play a key role in the control of muscle remodeling during both exercise and prolonged muscle inactivity. In this regard, muscular exercise results in an acute increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the contracting fibers; however, this contraction-induced rise in ROS production rapidly declines when contractions cease. In contrast, prolonged muscle disuse results in a chronic elevation in ROS production within the inactive fibers. This difference in the temporal pattern of ROS production in muscle during exercise and muscle inactivity stimulates divergent cell-signaling pathways that activate both genomic and nongenomic mechanisms to promote muscle remodeling. This review examines the role that redox signaling plays in skeletal muscle adaptation in response to both prolonged muscle inactivity and endurance exercise training. We begin with a summary of the sites of ROS production in muscle fibers followed by a review of the cellular antioxidants that are responsible for regulation of ROS levels in the cell. We then discuss the specific redox-sensitive signaling pathways that promote skeletal muscle adaptation in response to both prolonged muscle inactivity and exercise. To stimulate future research, we close with a discussion of unanswered questions in this exciting field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Powers
- Department of Health Sciences, Stetson University, Deland, FL, 32723, USA.
| | - Matthew Schrager
- Department of Health Sciences, Stetson University, Deland, FL, 32723, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tripathi V, Jaiswal P, Assaiya A, Kumar J, Parmar HS. Anti-Cancer Effects of 5-Aminoimidazole-4-Carboxamide-1-β-D-Ribofuranoside (AICAR) on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Cells: Mitochondrial Modulation may be an Underlying Mechanism. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:245-256. [PMID: 35135451 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220207101212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known for Warburg-metabolism and defects in the mitochondria. AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) activates the downstream transcription factors PGC-1α, PGC-1β, or FOXO1 which participate in mitochondrial biogenesis. 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) is an analog of adenosine monophosphate and is a direct activator of AMPK. OBJECTIVES In the present study, we attempt to understand the influence of AICAR on TNBC cells MDA-MB-231 and the underlying changes in mitochondrial biogenesis, if any. METHODS We investigated AICAR induced changes in cell viability, apoptosis, migratory potential, and changes in the sensitivity of doxorubicin. RESULTS In response to the treatment of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with 750 µM of AICAR for 72 hours, followed by 48 hours in fresh media without AICAR, we observed a decrease in viability via MTT assay, reduction in cell numbers along with the apoptotic appearance, increased cell death by ELISA, decreased lactate in conditioned medium and decrease in migration by scratch and transwell migration assays. These changes in the cancer phenotype were accompanied by an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis, as observed by increased mitochondrial DNA to nuclear DNA ratio, a decrease in lactic acid concentration, increase in mitotracker green and red staining, and increased expression of transcription factors PGC-1α, NRF-1, NRF-2, and TFAM that contribute in mitochondrial biogenesis. Pre-treatment of cells with AICAR for 72 hours followed by 48 hours treatment with 1 µM doxorubicin showed an increased sensitivity to doxorubicin as assessed by MTT assay. CONCLUSION Our results show that AICAR exerts beneficial effects on TNBC cells possibly via switching off the Warburg metabolism and switching on the anti-Warburg metabolism through mitochondrial modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Versha Tripathi
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore-452001. M.P., India
| | - Pooja Jaiswal
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore-452001. M.P., India
| | - Anshul Assaiya
- Laboratory of Membrane Protein Biology, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, S. P. Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Janesh Kumar
- Laboratory of Membrane Protein Biology, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, S. P. Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bisdemethoxycurcumin Protects Small Intestine from Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction via Activating Mitochondrial Antioxidant Systems and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Broiler Chickens. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9927864. [PMID: 34795844 PMCID: PMC8595021 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9927864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bisdemethoxycurcumin is one of the three curcuminoids of turmeric and exhibits good antioxidant activity in animal models. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of bisdemethoxycurcumin on small intestinal mitochondrial dysfunction in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) treated broilers, especially on the mitochondrial thioredoxin 2 system and mitochondrial biogenesis. A total of 320 broiler chickens were randomly assigned into four experimental diets using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with diet (0 and 150 mg/kg bisdemethoxycurcumin supplementation) and stress (saline or LPS challenge) for 20 days. Broilers received a dose of LPS (1 mg/kg body weight) or sterile saline intraperitoneally on days 16, 18, and 20 of the trial. Bisdemethoxycurcumin mitigated the mitochondrial dysfunction of jejunum and ileum induced by LPS, as evident by the reduced reactive oxygen species levels and the increased mitochondrial membrane potential. Bisdemethoxycurcumin partially reversed the decrease in the mitochondrial DNA copy number and the depletion of ATP levels. Bisdemethoxycurcumin activated the mitochondrial antioxidant response, including the prevention of lipid peroxidation, enhancement of manganese superoxide dismutase activity, and the upregulation of the mitochondrial glutaredoxin 5 and thioredoxin 2 system. The enhanced mitochondrial respiratory complex activities in jejunum and ileum were also attributed to bisdemethoxycurcumin treatment. In addition, bisdemethoxycurcumin induced mitochondrial biogenesis via transcriptional regulation of proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha pathway. In conclusion, our results demonstrated the potential of bisdemethoxycurcumin to attenuate small intestinal mitochondrial dysfunction, which might be mediated via activating the mitochondrial antioxidant system and mitochondrial biogenesis in LPS-treated broilers.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kumar P, Saini K, Saini V, Mitchell T. Oxalate Alters Cellular Bioenergetics, Redox Homeostasis, Antibacterial Response, and Immune Response in Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 12:694865. [PMID: 34745086 PMCID: PMC8566947 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.694865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stones can have secondarily infected calculi which may play a role in the development of recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI). Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the most common causative pathogen of UTIs. Macrophages play a critical role in host immune defense against bacterial infections. Our previous study demonstrated that oxalate, an important component of the most common type of kidney stone, impairs monocyte cellular bioenergetics and redox homeostasis. The objective of this study was to investigate whether oxalate compromises macrophage metabolism, redox status, anti-bacterial response, and immune response. Monocytes (THP-1, a human monocytic cell line) were exposed to sodium oxalate (soluble oxalate; 50 µM) for 48 hours prior to being differentiated into macrophages. Macrophages were subsequently exposed to calcium oxalate crystals (50 µM) for 48 hours followed by UPEC (MOI 1:2 or 1:5) for 2 hours. Peritoneal macrophages and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) from C57BL/6 mice were also exposed to oxalate. THP-1 macrophages treated with oxalate had decreased cellular bioenergetics, mitochondrial complex I and IV activity, and ATP levels compared to control cells. In addition, these cells had a significant increase in mitochondrial and total reactive oxygen species levels, mitochondrial gene expression, and pro-inflammatory cytokine (i.e. Interleukin-1β, IL-1β and Interleukin-6, IL-6) mRNA levels and secretion. In contrast, oxalate significantly decreased the mRNA levels and secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, Interleukin-10 (IL-10). Further, oxalate increased the bacterial burden of primary macrophages. Our findings demonstrate that oxalate compromises macrophage metabolism, redox homeostasis, and cytokine signaling leading to a reduction in anti-bacterial response and increased infection. These data highlight a novel role of oxalate on macrophage function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Kumar
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kanchan Saini
- Laboratory of Infection Biology and Translational Research, Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikram Saini
- Laboratory of Infection Biology and Translational Research, Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanecia Mitchell
- Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Qin J, Guo S, Yang J, Qazi IH, Pan B, Lv T, Zang S, Fang Y, Zhou G. Melatonin Promotes in vitro Development of Vitrified-Warmed Mouse GV Oocytes, Potentially by Modulating Phosphorylation of Drp1. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:752001. [PMID: 34631868 PMCID: PMC8497800 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.752001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that melatonin can mitigate cryopreservation-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in oocytes; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether melatonin can improve the mitochondrial function during in vitro maturation of vitrified-warmed mouse germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes by modulating phosphorylation of dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1). Vitrification/warming procedures resulted in the following: (1) After cryopreservation of mouse GV oocytes, the phosphorylation level of Drp1 at Ser616 (p-Drp1 Ser616) in metaphase II (MII) oocytes was increased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the rates of in vitro maturation, cleavage and blastocyst formation after parthenogenetic activation were decreased (P < 0.05). (2) In MII oocytes, the expression levels of translocase of the mitochondrial outer membrane 20 (TOMM20), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, and mRNA levels of mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes (Sirt1, Pgc-1α, Tfam) were all decreased (P < 0.05), and (3) Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, early apoptosis level, Cytochrome C release and mRNA levels of pro-apoptotic related genes (Bax, Caspase9, Caspase3) in MII oocytes were all increased (P < 0.05). The results of this study further revealed that negative impacts of GV oocyte cryopreservation were mitigated by supplementation of warming and in vitro maturation media with 10−7mol /L melatonin or 2 x 10−5mol/L Mdivi-1 (Drp1 inhibitor). Therefore, we concluded that 10−7mol/L melatonin improved mitochondrial function, reduced oxidative stress and inhibited apoptosis by regulating phosphorylation of Drp1, thereby enhancing in vitro development of vitrified-warmed mouse GV oocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianpeng Qin
- Department of Animal Science, Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shichao Guo
- Department of Animal Science, Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinyu Yang
- Department of Animal Science, Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Izhar Hyder Qazi
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Histology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Pakistan
| | - Bo Pan
- Department of Animal Science, Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianyi Lv
- Department of Animal Science, Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengqin Zang
- Department of Animal Science, Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Grassland Resources and Animal Husbandry, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Grassland Farming, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agoecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Guangbin Zhou
- Department of Animal Science, Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Oliveira TT, Fontes-Dantas FL, de Medeiros Oliveira RK, Pinheiro DML, Coutinho LG, da Silva VL, de Souza SJ, Agnez-Lima LF. Chemical Inhibition of Apurinic-Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 Redox and DNA Repair Functions Affects the Inflammatory Response via Different but Overlapping Mechanisms. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:731588. [PMID: 34616737 PMCID: PMC8488223 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.731588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of oxidized DNA lesions, such as 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) and apurinic/apyrimidinic sites (AP sites), has been described as epigenetic signals that are involved in gene expression control. In mammals, Apurinic-apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/Redox factor-1 (APE1/Ref-1) is the main AP endonuclease of the base excision repair (BER) pathway and is involved in active demethylation processes. In addition, APE1/Ref-1, through its redox function, regulates several transcriptional factors. However, the transcriptional control targets of each APE1 function are not completely known. In this study, a transcriptomic approach was used to investigate the effects of chemical inhibition of APE1/Ref-1 redox or DNA repair functions by E3330 or methoxyamine (MX) in an inflammatory cellular model. Under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, both E3330 and MX reduced the expression of some cytokines and chemokines. Interestingly, E3330 treatment reduced cell viability after 48 h of the treatment. Genes related to inflammatory response and mitochondrial processes were downregulated in both treatments. In the E3330 treatment, RNA processing and ribosome biogenesis genes were downregulated, while they were upregulated in the MX treatment. Furthermore, in the E3330 treatment, the cellular stress response was the main upregulated process, while the cellular macromolecule metabolic process was observed in MX-upregulated genes. Nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) was predicted to be a master regulator of the downregulated genes in both treatments, while the ETS transcription factor ELK1 (ELK1) was predicted to be a master regulator only for E3330 treatment. Decreased expression of ELK1 and its target genes and a reduced 28S/18S ratio were observed, suggesting impaired rRNA processing. In addition, both redox and repair functions can affect the expression of NRF1 and GABPA target genes. The master regulators predicted for upregulated genes were YY1 and FLI1 for the E3330 and MX treatments, respectively. In summary, the chemical inhibition of APE1/Ref-1 affects gene expression regulated mainly by transcriptional factors of the ETS family, showing partial overlap of APE1 redox and DNA repair functions, suggesting that these activities are not entirely independent. This work provides a new perspective on the interaction between APE1 redox and DNA repair activity in inflammatory response modulation and transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thais Teixeira Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, Brazil
| | - Fabrícia Lima Fontes-Dantas
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leonam Gomes Coutinho
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, Brazil.,Instituto Federal de Educação Tecnológica do Rio Grande do Norte, IFRN, São Paulo do Potengi, Brazil
| | - Vandeclecio Lira da Silva
- Instituto do Cérebro, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment (BioME), IMD, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Sandro José de Souza
- Instituto do Cérebro, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment (BioME), IMD, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nehmi VA, Murata GM, Moraes RCMD, Lima GCA, De Miranda DA, Radloff K, Costa RGF, Jesus JDCRD, De Freitas JA, Viana NI, Pimenta R, Leite KRM, Otoch JP, Pessoa AFM. A novel supplement with yeast β-glucan, prebiotic, minerals and Silybum marianum synergistically modulates metabolic and inflammatory pathways and improves steatosis in obese mice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 19:439-450. [PMID: 34108131 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the synergic effects of a novel oral supplement formulation, containing prebiotics, yeast β-glucans, minerals and silymarin (Silybum marianum), on lipid and glycidic metabolism, inflammatory and mitochondrial proteins of the liver, in control and high-fat diet-induced obese mice. METHODS After an acclimation period, 32 male C57BL/6 mice were divided into the following groups: nonfat diet (NFD) vehicle, NFD supplemented, high-fat diet (HFD) vehicle and HFD supplemented. The vehicle and experimental formulation were administered orally by gavage once a day during the last four weeks of the diet (28 consecutive days). We then evaluated energy homeostasis, inflammation, and mitochondrial protein expression in these groups of mice. RESULTS After four weeks of supplementation, study groups experienced reduced glycemia, dyslipidemia, fat, and hepatic fibrosis levels. Additionally, proliferator-activated receptor-α, AMP-activated protein kinase-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α, and mitochondrial transcription factor A expression levels were augmented; however, levels of inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB kinase subunit α and p65 nuclear factor-κB expression, and oxidative markers were reduced. Notably, the cortisol/C-reactive protein ratio, a well-characterized marker of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis immune interface status, was found to be modulated by the supplement. CONCLUSION We discovered that the novel supplement was able to modify different antioxidant, metabolic and inflammatory pathways, improving the energy homeostasis and inflammatory status, and consequently alleviated hepatic steatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Abou Nehmi
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM-26), Department of Surgery, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP 01246903, Brazil
| | - Gilson Masahiro Murata
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM-29), Clinic Medical Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP 01246903, Brazil
| | - Ruan Carlos Macêdo de Moraes
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM-26), Department of Surgery, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP 01246903, Brazil
| | - Gabriely Cristina Alves Lima
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM-26), Department of Surgery, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP 01246903, Brazil
| | - Danielle Araujo De Miranda
- Department of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04023062, Brazil
| | - Katrin Radloff
- Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, BW 76131, Germany
| | - Raquel Galvão Figuerêdo Costa
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Joyce de Cassia Rosa de Jesus
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM-26), Department of Surgery, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP 01246903, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Alves De Freitas
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM-29), Clinic Medical Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP 01246903, Brazil
| | - Nayara Izabel Viana
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM-55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP 01246903, Brazil
| | - Ruan Pimenta
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM-55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP 01246903, Brazil; D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Katia Ramos Moreira Leite
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM-55), Urology Department, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP 01246903, Brazil
| | - José Pinhata Otoch
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM-26), Department of Surgery, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP 01246903, Brazil; Program in Anesthesiology, Surgical Sciences, and Perioperative Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246903, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Marçal Pessoa
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM-26), Department of Surgery, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP 01246903, Brazil; Program in Anesthesiology, Surgical Sciences, and Perioperative Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246903, Brazil; Brazilian Academic Consortium for Integrative Health (CABSIN), Natural Products Committee, São Paulo, SP 05449-070, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Akakpo JY, Jaeschke MW, Ramachandran A, Curry SC, Rumack BH, Jaeschke H. Delayed administration of N-acetylcysteine blunts recovery after an acetaminophen overdose unlike 4-methylpyrazole. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3377-3391. [PMID: 34420083 PMCID: PMC8448936 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is the only clinically approved antidote against acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity. Despite its efficacy in patients treated early after APAP overdose, NAC has been implicated in impairing liver recovery in mice. More recently, 4-methylpyrazole (4MP, Fomepizole) emerged as a potential antidote in the mouse APAP hepatotoxicity model. The objective of this manuscript was to verify the detrimental effect of NAC and its potential mechanism and assess whether 4MP has the same liability. C57BL/6J mice were treated with 300 mg/kg APAP; 9h after APAP and every 12h after that, the animals received either 100 mg/kg NAC or 184.5 mg/kg 4MP. At 24 or 48h after APAP, parameters of liver injury, mitochondrial biogenesis and cell proliferation were evaluated. Delayed NAC treatment had no effect on APAP-induced liver injury at 24h but reduced the decline of plasma ALT activities and prevented the shrinkage of the areas of necrosis at 48h. This effect correlated with down-regulation of key activators of mitochondrial biogenesis (AMPK, PGC-1α, Nrf1/2, TFAM) and reduced expression of Tom 20 (mitochondrial mass) and PCNA (cell proliferation). In contrast, 4MP attenuated liver injury at 24h and promoted recovery at 48h, which correlated with enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and hepatocyte proliferation. In human hepatocytes, 4MP demonstrated higher efficacy in preventing cell death compared to NAC when treated at 18h after APAP. Thus, due to the wider treatment window and lack of detrimental effects on recovery, it appears that at least in preclinical models, 4MP is superior to NAC as an antidote against APAP overdose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jephte Y Akakpo
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Matthew W Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Steven C Curry
- Division of Clinical Data Analytics and Decision Support, and Division of Medical Toxicology and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Barry H Rumack
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ostrom EL, Valencia AP, Marcinek DJ, Traustadóttir T. High intensity muscle stimulation activates a systemic Nrf2-mediated redox stress response. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:82-89. [PMID: 34089788 PMCID: PMC8355059 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High intensity exercise is a popular mode of exercise to elicit similar or greater adaptive responses compared to traditional moderate intensity continuous exercise. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these adaptive responses are still unclear. The purpose of this pilot study was to compare high and low intensity contractile stimulus on the Nrf2-mediated redox stress response in mouse skeletal muscle. An intra-animal design was used to control for variations in individual responses to muscle stimulation by comparing a stimulated limb (STIM) to the contralateral unstimulated control limb (CON). High Intensity (HI - 100Hz), Low Intensity (LI - 50Hz), and Naïve Control (NC - Mock stimulation vs CON) groups were used to compare these effects on Nrf2-ARE binding, Keap1 protein, and downstream gene and protein expression of Nrf2 target genes. Muscle stimulation significantly increased Nrf2-ARE binding in LI-STIM compared to LI-CON (p = 0.0098), while Nrf2-ARE binding was elevated in both HI-CON and HI-STIM compared to NC (p = 0.0007). The Nrf2-ARE results were mirrored in the downregulation of Keap1, where Keap1 expression in HI-CON and HI-STIM were both significantly lower than NC (p = 0.008) and decreased in LI-STIM compared to LI-CON (p = 0.015). In addition, stimulation increased NQO1 protein compared to contralateral control regardless of stimulation intensity (p = 0.019), and HO1 protein was significantly higher in high intensity compared to the Naïve control group (p = 0.002). Taken together, these data suggest a systemic redox signaling exerkine is activating Nrf2-ARE binding and is intensity gated, where Nrf2-ARE activation in contralateral control limbs were only seen in the HI group. Other research in exercise induced Nrf2 signaling support the general finding that Nrf2 is activated in peripheral tissues in response to exercise, however the specific exerkine responsible for the systemic signaling effects is not known. Future work should aim to delineate these redox sensitive systemic signaling mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan L Ostrom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, United States
| | - Ana P Valencia
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, United States
| | - David J Marcinek
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, United States; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, United States
| | - Tinna Traustadóttir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jin X, Guo JL, Wang L, Zhong X, Yao WF, Gao H, Liu MY. Natural products as pharmacological modulators of mitochondrial dysfunctions for the treatments of Alzheimer's disease: A comprehensive review. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 218:113401. [PMID: 33831779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuronal loss and cognitive impairment that harshly affect the elderly individuals. Currently, the available anti-AD pharmacological approaches are purely symptomatic to alleviate AD symptoms, and the curative effects of novel anti-AD drugs focused on Aβ target are disappointing. Hence, there is a tremendous need to adjust AD therapeutic targets and discover novel anti-AD agents. In AD, mitochondrial dysfunction gradually triggers neuronal death from different aspects and worsens the occurrence and progress of AD. Consequently, it has been proposed that the intervention of impaired mitochondria represents an attractive breakthrough point for AD treatments. Due to chemical diversity, poly-pharmacological activities, few adverse effects and multiple targeting, natural products (NPs) have been identified as a valuable treasure for drug discovery and development. Multiple lines of studies have scientifically proven that NPs display ameliorative benefits in AD treatment in relation to mitochondrial dysfunction. This review surveys the complicated implications for mitochondrial dysregulation and AD, and then summarizes the potentials of NPs and their underlying molecular mechanisms against AD via reducing or improving mitochondrial dysfunction. It is expected that this work may open the window to speed up the development of innovative anti-AD drugs originated from NPs and improve upcoming AD therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-Ling Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei-Fan Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hua Gao
- Division of Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gautam S, Kumar U, Kumar M, Rana D, Dada R. Yoga improves mitochondrial health and reduces severity of autoimmune inflammatory arthritis: A randomized controlled trial. Mitochondrion 2021; 58:147-159. [PMID: 33741520 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress (OS) and mitochondrial alterations have been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Various environmental triggers like air pollutants, smoking, unhealthy social habits and sedentary lifestyle induce OS, which may compromise mitochondrial integrity. This trial was designed to explore the effect of 8-weeks yoga practice on mitochondrial health and disease severity in an active RA group compared with a usual-care control group. METHODS A total of 70 subjects were randomized into two groups: yoga group and non-yoga group. Mitochondrial health was assessed by calculation of mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN), OS markers, mitochondrial activity, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), circadian rhythm markers and transcripts associated with mitochondrial integrity: AMPK, TIMP-1, KLOTHO, SIRT-1, and TFAM. Parameters of disease activity and disability quotient were also assessed by disease activity score - erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) and health assessment questionnaire-disability index (HAQ-DI), respectively. RESULTS In yoga group, there was a significant upregulation of mtDNA-CN, mitochondrial activity markers, ΔΨm, and transcripts that maintain mitochondrial integrity after 8-weeks of yoga. There was optimization of OS markers, and circadian rhythm markers post 8-weeks practice of yoga. Yoga group participants showed significant improvements in DAS28-ESR (p < 0.05) and HAQ-DI (p < 0.05) over the non-yoga group. CONCLUSION Adoption of yoga by RA patients holds the key to enhance mitochondrial health, improve circadian rhythm markers, OS marker regulation, upregulation of transcripts that maintain mitochondrial integrity, reduce disease activity and its associated consequences on health outcome and hence can be beneficial as an adjunct therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Gautam
- Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Uma Kumar
- Department of Rheumatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Deeksha Rana
- Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rima Dada
- Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Seo Y, Kim YW, Lee D, Kim D, Kim K, Kim T, Baek C, Lee Y, Lee J, Lee H, Jang G, Jeong W, Choi J, Hwang D, Suh JS, Kim SW, Kim HK, Han J, Bang H, Kim JH, Zhou T, Ko JH. Far-infrared rays enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and GLUT3 expression under low glucose conditions in rat skeletal muscle cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 25:167-175. [PMID: 33602887 PMCID: PMC7893496 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2021.25.2.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Far-infrared rays (FIR) are known to have various effects on atoms and molecular structures within cells owing to their radiation and vibration frequencies. The present study examined the effects of FIR on gene expression related to glucose transport through microarray analysis in rat skeletal muscle cells, as well as on mitochondrial biogenesis, at high and low glucose conditions. FIR were emitted from a bio-active material coated fabric (BMCF). L6 cells were treated with 30% BMCF for 24 h in medium containing 25 or 5.5 mM glucose, and changes in the expression of glucose transporter genes were determined. The expression of GLUT3 (Slc2a3) increased 2.0-fold (p < 0.05) under 5.5 mM glucose and 30% BMCF. In addition, mitochondrial oxygen consumption and membrane potential (ΔΨm) increased 1.5- and 3.4-fold (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001), respectively, but no significant change in expression of Pgc-1a, a regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, was observed in 24 h. To analyze the relationship between GLUT3 expression and mitochondrial biogenesis under FIR, GLUT3 was down-modulated by siRNA for 72 h. As a result, the ΔΨm of the GLUT3 siRNA-treated cells increased 3.0-fold (p < 0.001), whereas that of the control group increased 4.6-fold (p < 0.001). Moreover, Pgc-1a expression increased upon 30% BMCF treatment for 72 h; an effect that was more pronounced in the presence of GLUT3. These results suggest that FIR may hold therapeutic potential for improving glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function in metabolic diseases associated with insufficient glucose supply, such as type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yelim Seo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Young-Won Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Donghee Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Donghyeon Kim
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Kyoungseo Kim
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Taewoo Kim
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Changyeob Baek
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Yerim Lee
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Junhyeok Lee
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Hosung Lee
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Geonwoo Jang
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Wonyeong Jeong
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Junho Choi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Doegeun Hwang
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Jung Soo Suh
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Kim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, SMART Marine Therapeutics Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Hyoung Kyu Kim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, SMART Marine Therapeutics Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Jin Han
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, SMART Marine Therapeutics Center, Inje University, Busan 47392, Korea
| | - Hyoweon Bang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Jung-Ha Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul 06973, Korea
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Jae-Hong Ko
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jamwal S, Blackburn JK, Elsworth JD. PPARγ/PGC1α signaling as a potential therapeutic target for mitochondrial biogenesis in neurodegenerative disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 219:107705. [PMID: 33039420 PMCID: PMC7887032 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases represent some of the most devastating neurological disorders, characterized by progressive loss of the structure and function of neurons. Current therapy for neurodegenerative disorders is limited to symptomatic treatment rather than disease modifying interventions, emphasizing the desperate need for improved approaches. Abundant evidence indicates that impaired mitochondrial function plays a crucial role in pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases and so biochemical factors in mitochondria are considered promising targets for pharmacological-based therapies. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-γ (PPARγ) are ligand-inducible transcription factors involved in regulating various genes including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1 alpha (PGC1α). This review summarizes the evidence supporting the ability of PPARγ-PGC1α to coordinately up-regulate the expression of genes required for mitochondrial biogenesis in neurons and provide directions for future work to explore the potential benefit of targeting mitochondrial biogenesis in neurodegenerative disorders. We have highlighted key roles of NRF2, uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2), and paraoxonase-2 (PON2) signaling in mediating PGC1α-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. In addition, the status of PPARγ modulators being used in clinical trials for Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Huntington's disease (HD) has been compiled. The overall purpose of this review is to update and critique our understanding of the role of PPARγ-PGC1α-NRF2 in the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis together with suggestions for strategies to target PPARγ-PGC1α-NRF2 signaling in order to combat mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Jamwal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jennifer K Blackburn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - John D Elsworth
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li G, Li Y, Xiao B, Cui D, Lin Y, Zeng J, Li J, Cao MJ, Liu J. Antioxidant Activity of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and Its Regulatory Roles in Mitochondria. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:1647-1655. [PMID: 33497204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are single-electron-bearing oxidation-reduction products that are mainly produced in mitochondria. Excessive ROS accumulation may lead to oxidative damage. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an essential component of brain phospholipids and is mainly derived from the diet. Its antioxidant activities have been extensively studied. However, its regulatory roles in mitochondria and the underlying mechanism remain to be elucidated. In this study, the DHA's effect on cellular antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial functions was examined in HepG2 cells. The results showed that 100 μM DHA decreased cellular and mitochondrial ROS levels to 75.2 ± 9.4% (P < 0.05) and 55.1 ± 1.4% (P < 0.01), respectively. It also increased the total antioxidant capacity by 55.6 ± 0.1 and 49.2 ± 1.1% (P < 0.05), based on ABTS and FRAP assay results, respectively. Consistently, it increased the activities and gene expression of major antioxidant enzymes by at least 35 and 40% (P < 0.05), respectively. Furthermore, DHA promoted mitochondrial functions and biogenesis. These data suggested that DHA's antioxidant activity can be attributed to its enhancement of mitochondrial functions and biogenesis. This study may shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying DHA's function in improving resistance to and relieving the symptoms of chronic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guiling Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, No. 43 Yindou Road, Jimei District, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Marine Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, No. 43 Yindou Road, Jimei District, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Marine Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Baoping Xiao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, No. 43 Yindou Road, Jimei District, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Marine Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Dongyue Cui
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, No. 43 Yindou Road, Jimei District, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Marine Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Yanqi Lin
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, No. 43 Yindou Road, Jimei District, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Marine Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zeng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, No. 43 Yindou Road, Jimei District, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Marine Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, No. 43 Yindou Road, Jimei District, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Marine Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Min-Jie Cao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, No. 43 Yindou Road, Jimei District, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
- Fujian Marine Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, No. 43 Yindou Road, Jimei District, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chimienti G, Picca A, Fracasso F, Russo F, Orlando A, Riezzo G, Leeuwenburgh C, Pesce V, Lezza AMS. The Age-Sensitive Efficacy of Calorie Restriction on Mitochondrial Biogenesis and mtDNA Damage in Rat Liver. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041665. [PMID: 33562258 PMCID: PMC7915472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) is the most efficacious treatment to delay the onset of age-related changes such as mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the sensitivity of mitochondrial markers to CR and the age-related boundaries of CR efficacy are not fully elucidated. We used liver samples from ad libitum-fed (AL) rats divided in: 18-month-old (AL-18), 28-month-old (AL-28), and 32-month-old (AL-32) groups, and from CR-treated (CR) 28-month-old (CR-28) and 32-month-old (CR-32) counterparts to assay the effect of CR on several mitochondrial markers. The age-related decreases in citrate synthase activity, in TFAM, MFN2, and DRP1 protein amounts and in the mtDNA content in the AL-28 group were prevented in CR-28 counterparts. Accordingly, CR reduced oxidative mtDNA damage assessed through the incidence of oxidized purines at specific mtDNA regions in CR-28 animals. These findings support the anti-aging effect of CR up to 28 months. Conversely, the protein amounts of LonP1, Cyt c, OGG1, and APE1 and the 4.8 Kb mtDNA deletion content were not affected in CR-28 rats. The absence of significant differences between the AL-32 values and the CR-32 counterparts suggests an age-related boundary of CR efficacy at this age. However, this only partially curtails the CR benefits in counteracting the generalized aging decline and the related mitochondrial involvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmina Chimienti
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (F.F.); (V.P.)
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, L.go F. Vito 8, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, 11330 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Flavio Fracasso
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (F.F.); (V.P.)
| | - Francesco Russo
- Laboratory of Nutritional Pathophysiology, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (F.R.); (A.O.); (G.R.)
| | - Antonella Orlando
- Laboratory of Nutritional Pathophysiology, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (F.R.); (A.O.); (G.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Riezzo
- Laboratory of Nutritional Pathophysiology, National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis”, Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (F.R.); (A.O.); (G.R.)
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, Division of Biology of Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Vito Pesce
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (F.F.); (V.P.)
| | - Angela Maria Serena Lezza
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (G.C.); (F.F.); (V.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-5443309
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ali A, Wang Y, Wu L, Yang G. Gasotransmitter signaling in energy homeostasis and metabolic disorders. Free Radic Res 2020; 55:83-105. [PMID: 33297784 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1862827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Gasotransmitters are small molecules of gases, including nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and carbon monoxide (CO). These three gasotransmitters can be endogenously produced and regulate a wide range of pathophysiological processes by interacting with specific targets upon diffusion in the biological media. By redox and epigenetic regulation of various physiological functions, NO, H2S, and CO are critical for the maintenance of intracellular energy homeostasis. Accumulated evidence has shown that these three gasotransmitters control ATP generation, mitochondrial biogenesis, glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, and thermogenesis, etc. Abnormal generation and metabolism of NO, H2S, and/or CO are involved in various abnormal metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. In this review, we summarized the roles of NO, H2S, and CO in the regulation of energy homeostasis as well as their involvements in the metabolism of dysfunction-related diseases. Understanding the interaction among these gasotransmitters and their specific molecular targets are very important for therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amr Ali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Yuehong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Lingyun Wu
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.,School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.,Health Science North Research Institute, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Guangdong Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Alhayaza R, Haque E, Karbasiafshar C, Sellke FW, Abid MR. The Relationship Between Reactive Oxygen Species and Endothelial Cell Metabolism. Front Chem 2020; 8:592688. [PMID: 33330380 PMCID: PMC7732658 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.592688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the leading cause of death for many decades, highlighting the importance of new research and treatments in the field. The role of hypoxia and subsequent free radical production [reactive oxygen species (ROS)] have become an area of particular interest in CVD. Interestingly, our laboratory and other laboratories have recently reported positive roles of subcellular ROS in modulating endothelial cell (EC) metabolism, proliferation, and angiogenesis. This bidirectional relationship between ROS and EC metabolism, as well as functional changes, continues to be an area of active research. Interestingly, ECs have been shown to rely on anaerobic processes for ATP generation, despite their direct access to oxygen. This paradox has proven to be beneficial as the major reliance on glycolysis produces ATP faster, preserves oxygen, and results in reduced ROS levels in contrast to oxidative phosphorylation. This review will address the relationship between ROS and carbohydrate, lipid, and nitrogen metabolism in ECs, and their effects on EC phenotype such as sprouting angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raid Alhayaza
- Alfaisal University School of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emaan Haque
- Alfaisal University School of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Catherine Karbasiafshar
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Frank W. Sellke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, United States
| | - M. Ruhul Abid
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wan X, Ju G, Xu L, Yang H, Wang Z. Selenomethionine Improves Antioxidant Capacity of Breast Muscle in Geese Via Stimulating Glutathione System and Thiol Pool. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 198:253-259. [PMID: 31989436 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant capacity of breast muscle in geese fed diets with sodium selenite (SS) or selenomethionine (SeMet) were investigated in the present study. Two hundred healthy 28-day-old male geese were randomly allotted into four groups (one inorganic group and three organic groups) with five replicates per group. Geese in the four groups were fed the basal diet with 0.3 mg selenium (Se)/kg SS, and the basal diet with 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mg Se/kg SeMet, respectively. The experiment lasted for 42 days. Diets with SS or SeMet had no significant effect on growth performance of geese. Geese fed diets with SeMet had higher Se content of breast muscle than SS (P < 0.001). Compared to SS, SeMet increased scavenging abilities of 2, 2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt free radical, hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical, the concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH), total thiol and non-protein thiol, as well as the activity of glutathione peroxidase in breast muscle of geese (P < 0.05). Moreover, dietary SeMet reduced the concentrations of reactive oxygen metabolites, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl in breast muscle of geese compared to SS (P < 0.05). Therefore, SeMet improved the antioxidant capacity of breast muscle in geese, which might be related to the stimulated GSH-system and thiol pool. The recommended inclusion level of SeMet in goose diet is 0.2 mg Se/kg.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Gengyue Ju
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiming Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, People's Republic of China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang SW, Sheng H, Bai YF, Weng YY, Fan XY, Lou LJ, Zhang F. Neohesperidin enhances PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis and alleviates hepatic steatosis in high fat diet fed mice. Nutr Diabetes 2020; 10:27. [PMID: 32759940 PMCID: PMC7406515 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-020-00130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Mitochondria plays a critical role in the development and pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Neohesperidin (NHP) could lower blood glucose and prevent obesity in mice. However, the direct effect of NHP on hepatic steatosis has not been reported. METHODS Mice were fed with either a chow diet or HFD with or without oral gavage of NHP for 12 weeks. A variety of biochemical and histological indicators were examined. In vitro cell culture model was utilized to demonstrate underlying molecular mechanism of the effect induced by NHP treatment. RESULTS NHP increases mitochondrial biogenesis, improves hepatic steatosis and systematic insulin resistance in high fat diet (HFD) fed mice. NHP elevates hepatic mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation by increasing PGC-1α expression. Mechanistically, the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is involved in NHP induced PGC-1α expression. CONCLUSIONS PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis plays a vital role in the mitigation of hepatic steatosis treated by NHP. Our result suggests that NHP is a good candidate to be dietary supplement for the auxiliary treatment of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Wei Wang
- Department of Core Facility, The People's Hospital of Quzhou, 324000, Quzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Quzhou, 324000, Quzhou, China
| | - Hao Sheng
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Feng Bai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Quzhou, 324000, Quzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Weng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Quzhou, 324000, Quzhou, China
| | - Xue-Yu Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Quzhou, 324000, Quzhou, China
| | - Li-Jun Lou
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Quzhou, 324000, Quzhou, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Core Facility, The People's Hospital of Quzhou, 324000, Quzhou, China. .,Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058, Hangzhou, China. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Quzhou, 324000, Quzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mason SA, Trewin AJ, Parker L, Wadley GD. Antioxidant supplements and endurance exercise: Current evidence and mechanistic insights. Redox Biol 2020; 35:101471. [PMID: 32127289 PMCID: PMC7284926 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant supplements are commonly consumed by endurance athletes to minimize exercise-induced oxidative stress, with the intention of enhancing recovery and improving performance. There are numerous commercially available nutritional supplements that are targeted to athletes and health enthusiasts that allegedly possess antioxidant properties. However, most of these compounds are poorly investigated with respect to their in vivo redox activity and efficacy in humans. Therefore, this review will firstly provide a background to endurance exercise-related redox signalling and the subsequent adaptations in skeletal muscle and vascular function. The review will then discuss commonly available compounds with purported antioxidant effects for use by athletes. N-acetyl cysteine may be of benefit over the days prior to an endurance event; while chronic intake of combined 1000 mg vitamin C + vitamin E is not recommended during periods of heavy training associated with adaptations in skeletal muscle. Melatonin, vitamin E and α-lipoic acid appear effective at decreasing markers of exercise-induced oxidative stress. However, evidence on their effects on endurance performance are either lacking or not supportive. Catechins, anthocyanins, coenzyme Q10 and vitamin C may improve vascular function, however, evidence is either limited to specific sub-populations and/or does not translate to improved performance. Finally, additional research should clarify the potential benefits of curcumin in improving muscle recovery post intensive exercise; and the potential hampering effects of astaxanthin, selenium and vitamin A on skeletal muscle adaptations to endurance training. Overall, we highlight the lack of supportive evidence for most antioxidant compounds to recommend to athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun A Mason
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adam J Trewin
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Glenn D Wadley
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yu T, Dohl J, Wang L, Chen Y, Gasier HG, Deuster PA. Curcumin Ameliorates Heat-Induced Injury through NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Redox Signaling and Mitochondrial Preservation in C2C12 Myoblasts and Mouse Skeletal Muscle. J Nutr 2020; 150:2257-2267. [PMID: 32692359 PMCID: PMC7919340 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and the mitochondrial electron transport chain are the primary sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Previous studies have shown that severe heat exposure damages mitochondria and causes excessive mitochondrial ROS production that contributes to the pathogenesis of heat-related illnesses. OBJECTIVES We tested whether the antioxidant curcumin could protect against heat-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and skeletal muscle injury, and characterized the possible mechanism. METHODS Mouse C2C12 myoblasts and rat flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) myofibers were treated with 5 μM curcumin; adult male C57BL/6J mice received daily curcumin (15, 50, or 100 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for 10 consecutive days. We compared ROS levels and mitochondrial morphology and function between treatment and nontreatment groups under unheated or heat conditions, and investigated the upstream mechanism and the downstream effect of curcumin-regulated ROS production. RESULTS In C2C12 myoblasts, curcumin prevented heat-induced mitochondrial fragmentation, ROS overproduction, and apoptosis (all P < 0.05). Curcumin treatment for 2 and 4 h at 37°C induced increases in ROS levels by 42% and 59% (dihydroethidium-derived fluorescence), accompanied by increases in NADPH oxidase protein expression by 24% and 32%, respectively (all P < 0.01). In curcumin-treated cells, chemical inhibition and genetic knockdown of NADPH oxidase restored ROS to levels similar to those of controls, indicating NADPH oxidase mediates curcumin-stimulated ROS production. Moreover, curcumin induced ROS-dependent shifting of the mitochondrial fission-fusion balance toward fusion, and increases in mitochondrial mass by 143% and membrane potential by 30% (both P < 0.01). In rat FDB myofibers and mouse gastrocnemius muscles, curcumin preserved mitochondrial morphology and function during heat stress, and prevented heat-induced mitochondrial ROS overproduction and tissue injury (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Curcumin regulates ROS hormesis favoring mitochondrial fusion/elongation, biogenesis, and improved function in rodent skeletal muscle. Curcumin may be an effective therapeutic target for heat-related illness and other mitochondrial diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob Dohl
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA,Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yifan Chen
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Heath G Gasier
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA,Department of Anesthesiology, Center for Hyperbaric Medicine & Environmental Physiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Patricia A Deuster
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Manouchehri N, Khodagholi F, Dargahi L, Ahmadiani A. Mitochondrial Complex I Is an Essential Player in LPS-Induced Preconditioning in Differentiated PC12 Cells. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2020; 18:1445-1455. [PMID: 32641953 PMCID: PMC6934967 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.1100711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Preconditioning (PC) as a protective strategy against noxious insults can decline cell death and apoptosis. It has been approved that mitochondria play a key role in PC mechanism. The critical role of complex I (CI) in oxidative phosphorylation machinery and intracellular ROS production, particularly in the brain, accentuates its possible role in PC-induced neuroprotection. Here, differentiated PC12 cells were preconditioned with ultra-low dose LPS (ULD, 3 μg/mL) prior to exposure to high concentration of LPS (HD, 750 μg/mL). Our results showed that HD LPS treatment reduces cell viability and CI activity, and intensifies expression of cleaved caspase 3 compared to the control group. Intriguingly, PC induction resulted in enhancement of cell viability and CI activity and reduction of caspase3 cleavage compared to HD LPS group. In order to explore the role of CI in PC, we combined the ULD LPS with rotenone, a CI inhibitor. Following rotenone administration, cell viability significantly reduced while caspase3 cleavage increased compared to PC induction group. Taken together, cell survival and reduction of apoptosis followed by PC can be at least partially attributed to the preservation of mitochondrial CI function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Manouchehri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kolbasina NA, Gureev AP, Serzhantova OV, Mikhailov AA, Moshurov IP, Starkov AA, Popov VN. Lung cancer increases H 2O 2 concentration in the exhaled breath condensate, extent of mtDNA damage, and mtDNA copy number in buccal mucosa. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04303. [PMID: 32637695 PMCID: PMC7327746 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We have shown that the H2O2 concentration in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in lung cancer patients increases significantly compared to the EBC of healthy people and revealed the correlation between the H2O2 level in the EBC and amount of mtDNA damage in buccal mucosa cells. The H2O2 hyper-production may trigger mitochondrial biogenesis, thereby resulting in an increase in mtDNA copy number. However, we did not observe a significant difference in the studied parameters between smokers and non-smokers. Overall, our data suggest that H2O2 concentration in the EBC, the extent of mtDNA damage, and mtDNA copy number in buccal mucosa could be potential as an early diagnostic marker of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalya A. Kolbasina
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Artem P. Gureev
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Olga V. Serzhantova
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
- Voronezh Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Mikhailov
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
- Voronezh Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Ivan P. Moshurov
- Voronezh Regional Clinical Oncological Dispensary, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Anatoly A. Starkov
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vasily N. Popov
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
- Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial biogenesis are potential therapeutic targets for abdominal aortic aneurysm. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 133:2023-2028. [PMID: 31654572 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are crucial organelles for cell homeostasis and alterations of these organelles have been implicated in cardiovascular disease. However, their roles in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) pathogenesis remain largely unknown. In a recent issue of Clinical Science, Navas-Madronal et al. ((2019), 133(13), 1421-1438) reported that enhanced ER stress and dysregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis are associated with AAA pathogenesis in humans. The authors also proposed that disruption in oxysterols network such as an elevated concentration of 7-ketocholestyerol in plasma is a causative factor for AAA progression. Their findings highlight new insights into the underlying mechanism of AAA progression through ER stress and dysregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. Here, we will discuss the background, significance of the study, and future directions.
Collapse
|
37
|
Troiano A, Pacelli C, Ruggieri V, Scrima R, Addeo M, Agriesti F, Lucci V, Cavaliere G, Mollica MP, Caterino M, Ruoppolo M, Paladino S, Sarnataro D, Visconte F, Tucci F, Lopriore P, Calabrò V, Capitanio N, Piccoli C, Falco G. ZSCAN4 + mouse embryonic stem cells have an oxidative and flexible metabolic profile. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48942. [PMID: 32424995 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cultured mouse embryonic stem cells are a heterogeneous population with diverse differentiation potential. In particular, the subpopulation marked by Zscan4 expression has high stem cell potency and shares with 2 cell stage preimplantation embryos both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that orchestrate zygotic genome activation. Although embryonic de novo genome activation is known to rely on metabolites, a more extensive metabolic characterization is missing. Here we analyze the Zscan4+ mouse stem cell metabolic phenotype associated with pluripotency maintenance and cell reprogramming. We show that Zscan4+ cells have an oxidative and adaptable metabolism, which, on one hand, fuels a high bioenergetic demand and, on the other hand, provides intermediate metabolites for epigenetic reprogramming. Our findings enhance our understanding of the metastable Zscan4+ stem cell state with potential applications in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annaelena Troiano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche Gaetano Salvatore Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Consiglia Pacelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vitalba Ruggieri
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Rosella Scrima
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Martina Addeo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche Gaetano Salvatore Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Francesca Agriesti
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Valeria Lucci
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,IEOS-CNR, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore" - National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Marianna Caterino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Ruoppolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Paladino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Sarnataro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Tucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Piervito Lopriore
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Viola Calabrò
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nazzareno Capitanio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Claudia Piccoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Geppino Falco
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche Gaetano Salvatore Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Italy.,IEOS-CNR, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore" - National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Granat L, Hunt RJ, Bateman JM. Mitochondrial retrograde signalling in neurological disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190415. [PMID: 32362256 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction causes primary mitochondrial diseases and likely contributes to neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction has also been documented in neurodevelopmental disorders such as tuberous sclerosis complex and autism spectrum disorder. Only symptomatic treatments exist for neurodevelopmental disorders, while neurodegenerative diseases are largely untreatable. Altered mitochondrial function activates mitochondrial retrograde signalling pathways, which enable signalling to the nucleus to reprogramme nuclear gene expression. In this review, we discuss the role of mitochondrial retrograde signalling in neurological diseases. We summarize how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to neurodegenerative disease and neurodevelopmental disorders. Mitochondrial signalling mechanisms that have relevance to neurological disease are discussed. We then describe studies documenting retrograde signalling pathways in neurons and glia, and in animal models of neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction and neurological disease. Finally, we suggest how specific retrograde signalling pathways can be targeted to develop novel treatments for neurological diseases. This article is part of the theme issue 'Retrograde signalling from endosymbiotic organelles'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Granat
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Rachel J Hunt
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Joseph M Bateman
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Redox reactions control fundamental processes of human biology. Therefore, it is safe to assume that the responses and adaptations to exercise are, at least in part, mediated by redox reactions. In this review, we are trying to show that redox reactions are the basis of exercise physiology by outlining the redox signaling pathways that regulate four characteristic acute exercise-induced responses (muscle contractile function, glucose uptake, blood flow and bioenergetics) and four chronic exercise-induced adaptations (mitochondrial biogenesis, muscle hypertrophy, angiogenesis and redox homeostasis). Based on our analysis, we argue that redox regulation should be acknowledged as central to exercise physiology.
Collapse
|
40
|
Wan XL, Ju GY, Xu L, Yang HM, Wang ZY. Dietary selenomethionine increases antioxidant capacity of geese by improving glutathione and thioredoxin systems. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3763-3769. [PMID: 30815679 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 200 healthy 28-day-old male Jiangnan White geese were used to investigate the free radical scavenging ability, reduced glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin systems, and the concentrations of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl (PC) in geese fed diets with organic selenium (Se) (Selenomethionine, SeMet) and inorganic Se (sodium selenite, SS). All geese were randomly allotted into 4 groups with 5 replicates of 10 geese each, and received basal diet supplemented with 0.3 mg Se/kg SS, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mg Se/kg SeMet until 70 D of age, respectively. Geese in the SS and SeMet groups exhibited similar growth performance. Diet with SeMet increased the scavenging abilities of 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt free radical (ABTS•+, P < 0.001) and superoxide radical (O2-•, P = 0.002) in the serum of geese, as well as the scavenging abilities of ABTS•+ (P = 0.023), hydroxyl radical (P = 0.009) and O2-• (P = 0.019) in the liver of geese. Compared to the SS group, SeMet increased hepatic GSH concentration (P = 0.002), the activities of glutathione peroxidase (P = 0.031), γ-glutamate cysteine ligase (P < 0.001), and thioredoxin reductase (P < 0.001), and decreased the concentrations of ROM, MDA, and PC in the serum and liver of geese (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary SeMet inclusion would be more effective than SS in increasing the antioxidant capacity of geese, possibly by improving GSH and thioredoxin systems, and 0.2 mg Se/kg SeMet in goose diet is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X L Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, P. R. China
| | - G Y Ju
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, P. R. China
| | - L Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, P. R. China
| | - H M Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, P. R. China
| | - Z Y Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, P. R. China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Acute Exposure to Permethrin Modulates Behavioral Functions, Redox, and Bioenergetics Parameters and Induces DNA Damage and Cell Death in Larval Zebrafish. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9149203. [PMID: 31827707 PMCID: PMC6885249 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9149203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Permethrin (PM) is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide widely used as domestic repellent. Damage effects to nontarget organisms have been reported, particularly in the early stages of development. Studies indicate redox unbalance as secondary PM effect. Therefore, our goal was to investigate the acute PM effects on larval zebrafish. Larvae (6 days postfertilization) were exposed to PM (25–600 μg/L) during 24 hours, and 50% lethal concentration was estimated. For subsequent assays, the sublethal PM concentrations of 25 and 50 μg/L were used. PM increased anxiety-like behaviors according to the Novel Tank and Light-Dark tests. At the molecular level, PM induced increased ROS, which may be related to the increased lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and apoptosis detected in PM-exposed organisms. In parallel, upregulation of the antioxidant system was detected after PM exposure, with increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase activities, and thiol levels. The increased of Nrf2 target genes and the activation of an electrophile response element-driven reporter Tg(EPRE:LUC-EGFP) suggest that the Nrf2 pathway can mediate a fast response to PM, leading to antioxidant amplification. By using high-resolution respirometry, we found that exposure to PM decreased the oxygen consumption in all respiratory stages, disrupting the oxidative phosphorylation and inhibiting the electron transfer system, leading to decrease in bioenergetics capacity. In addition, PM led to increases of residual oxygen consumption and changes in substrate control ratio. Glucose metabolism seems to be affected by PM, with increased lactate dehydrogenase and decreased citrate synthase activities. Taken together, our results demonstrated the adverse effects of acute sublethal PM concentrations during larval development in zebrafish, causing apparent mitochondrial dysfunction, indicating a potential mechanism to redox unbalance and oxidative stress, which may be linked to the detected cell death and alterations in normal behavior patterns caused by acute PM exposure.
Collapse
|
42
|
The Overcrowded Crossroads: Mitochondria, Alpha-Synuclein, and the Endo-Lysosomal System Interaction in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215312. [PMID: 31731450 PMCID: PMC6862467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder worldwide, mainly affecting the elderly. The disease progresses gradually, with core motor presentations and a multitude of non-motor manifestations. There are two neuropathological hallmarks of PD, the dopaminergic neuronal loss and the alpha-synuclein-containing Lewy body inclusions in the substantia nigra. While the exact pathomechanisms of PD remain unclear, genetic investigations have revealed evidence of the involvement of mitochondrial function, alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation, and the endo-lysosomal system, in disease pathogenesis. Due to the high energy demand of dopaminergic neurons, mitochondria are of special importance acting as the cellular powerhouse. Mitochondrial dynamic fusion and fission, and autophagy quality control keep the mitochondrial network in a healthy state. Should defects of the organelle occur, a variety of reactions would ensue at the cellular level, including disrupted mitochondrial respiratory network and perturbed calcium homeostasis, possibly resulting in cellular death. Meanwhile, α-syn is a presynaptic protein that helps regulate synaptic vesicle transportation and endocytosis. Its misfolding into oligomeric sheets and fibrillation is toxic to the mitochondria and neurons. Increased cellular oxidative stress leads to α-syn accumulation, causing mitochondrial dysfunction. The proteasome and endo-lysosomal systems function to regulate damage and unwanted waste management within the cell while facilitating the quality control of mitochondria and α-syn. This review will analyze the biological functions and interactions between mitochondria, α-syn, and the endo-lysosomal system in the pathogenesis of PD.
Collapse
|
43
|
Suliman HB, Nozik-Grayck E. Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Metabolic Drivers of Pulmonary Hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:843-857. [PMID: 30604624 PMCID: PMC6751393 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling and lung vasculopathy. The disease displays progressive dyspnea, pulmonary artery uncoupling and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. The overall survival rate is ranging from 28-72%. Recent Advances: The molecular events that promote the development of PH are complex and incompletely understood. Metabolic impairment has been proposed to contribute to the pathophysiology of PH with evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction involving the electron transport chain proteins, antioxidant enzymes, apoptosis regulators, and mitochondrial quality control. Critical Issues: It is vital to characterize the mechanisms by which mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to PH pathogenesis. This review focuses on the currently available publications that supports mitochondrial mechanisms in PH pathophysiology. Future Directions: Further studies of these metabolic mitochondrial alterations in PH could be viable targets of diagnostic and therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hagir B Suliman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Labs and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Huang L, Cai C, Dang W, Lu JH, Hu GF, Gu J. Propyl isothiocyanate induces apoptosis in gastric cancer cells by oxidative stress via glutathione depletion. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5490-5498. [PMID: 31612057 PMCID: PMC6781591 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Isothiocyanates are a group of compounds that exist in the majority of cruciferous plants. A number of isothiocyanates have been demonstrated to exhibit anticancer effects; however, antitumor properties of propyl isothiocyanate (PITC) have not been evaluated previously. In this study, the possible effects of PITC on gastric cancer (GC) cells were investigated, and the potential underlying mechanisms were explored. The results demonstrated that PITC inhibited cell viability of two GC cell lines and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Treatment with PITC promoted total glutathione depletion in GC cell lines, leading to reactive oxygen species accumulation and DNA damage, which activated the mitochondria-dependent and p53 signaling pathways to trigger apoptosis in GC cells. The effects of PITC were reversed by N-Acetyl-L-cysteine. The results of the present study revealed the potential mechanisms of PITC on apoptosis induction in GC cells, which may be mediated by mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.,Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Chen Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.,Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Wei Dang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.,Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.,Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Gang-Feng Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Chongming Branch, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 202150, P.R. China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.,Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kamm A, Przychodzen P, Kuban-Jankowska A, Jacewicz D, Dabrowska AM, Nussberger S, Wozniak M, Gorska-Ponikowska M. Nitric oxide and its derivatives in the cancer battlefield. Nitric Oxide 2019; 93:102-114. [PMID: 31541733 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of reactive nitrogen species, alteration in redox balance and deregulated redox signaling are common hallmarks of cancer progression and chemoresistance. However, depending on the cellular context, distinct reactive nitrogen species are also hypothesized to mediate cytotoxic activity and are thus used in anticancer therapies. We present here the dual face of nitric oxide and its derivatives in cancer biology. Main derivatives of nitric oxide, such as nitrogen dioxide and peroxynitrite cause cell death by inducing protein and lipid peroxidation and/or DNA damage. Moreover, they control the activity of important protein players within the pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways. Thus, the control of intracellular reactive nitrogen species may become a sophisticated tool in anticancer strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kamm
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paulina Przychodzen
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Kuban-Jankowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | | | - Stephan Nussberger
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michal Wozniak
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gorska-Ponikowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany; Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tarnopolsky MA, Nilsson MI. Nutrition and exercise in Pompe disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:282. [PMID: 31392194 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.05.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The current standard of care for Pompe disease (PD) is the administration of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Exercise and nutrition are often considered as complementary strategies rather than "treatments" per se. Nutritional assessment is important in patients with locomotor disability because the relative hypodynamia limits energy expenditure and thus the total amount of energy must be reduced to avoid obesity. A lower total energy intake often leads to lower protein and micronutrient intake. Consequently, ensuring that Pompe patients are tested for and replaced for deficiencies (protein, vitamin D, vitamin B12, etc.) is an important aspect of care. Furthermore, given the role of autophagy in the pathophysiology of PD and the fact that fasting induces autophagy, it is important that strategies such as nutritional timing and amino acid intake (L-arginine, L-leucine) be evaluated as therapies. Exercise interventions have been shown to improve six-minute walk testing distance by more than what was seen in the seminal ERT study in late-onset PD. Exercise therapy can also activate autophagy, and this is likely another component of its efficacy. The current review will evaluate the theoretical and practical aspects of nutrition and exercise as therapies for patients with PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mats I Nilsson
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nilsson MI, Tarnopolsky MA. Mitochondria and Aging-The Role of Exercise as a Countermeasure. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8020040. [PMID: 31083586 PMCID: PMC6627948 DOI: 10.3390/biology8020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria orchestrate the life and death of most eukaryotic cells by virtue of their ability to supply adenosine triphosphate from aerobic respiration for growth, development, and maintenance of the ‘physiologic reserve’. Although their double-membrane structure and primary role as ‘powerhouses of the cell’ have essentially remained the same for ~2 billion years, they have evolved to regulate other cell functions that contribute to the aging process, such as reactive oxygen species generation, inflammation, senescence, and apoptosis. Biological aging is characterized by buildup of intracellular debris (e.g., oxidative damage, protein aggregates, and lipofuscin), which fuels a ‘vicious cycle’ of cell/DNA danger response activation (CDR and DDR, respectively), chronic inflammation (‘inflammaging’), and progressive cell deterioration. Therapeutic options that coordinately mitigate age-related declines in mitochondria and organelles involved in quality control, repair, and recycling are therefore highly desirable. Rejuvenation by exercise is a non-pharmacological approach that targets all the major hallmarks of aging and extends both health- and lifespan in modern humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mats I Nilsson
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Center, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yu J, Zheng J, Lu J, Sun Z, Wang Z, Zhang J. AdipoRon Protects Against Secondary Brain Injury After Intracerebral Hemorrhage via Alleviating Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Possible Involvement of AdipoR1-AMPK-PGC1α Pathway. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:1678-1689. [PMID: 30982205 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02794-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a stroke subtype that is associated with high mortality and disability rate. Mitochondria plays a crucial role in neuronal survival after ICH. This study first showed that activation of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) by AdipoRon could attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction after ICH. In vivo, experimental ICH model was established by autologous blood injection in mice. AdipoRon was injected intraperitoneally (50 mg/kg). Immunofluorescence staining were performed to explicit the location of AdipoR1, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1a (PGC1α). The PI staining was used to quantify neuronal survival. The expression of AdipoR1 and its downstream signaling molecules were detected by Western blotting. In vitro, 10 μM oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb) was used to induce the neuronal injury in SH-SY5Y cells. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining was used to detect the neuronal apoptosis and necrosis. Mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) was measured by a JC-1 kit and mitochondrial mass was quantified by mitochondrial fluorescent probe. In vivo, PI staining showed that the administration of AdipoRon could reduce neuronal death at 72 h after ICH in mice. AdipoRon treatment enhanced ATP levels and reduced ROS levels in perihematoma tissues, and increased the protein expression of AdipoR1, P-AMPK, PGC1α, NRF1 and TFAM. In vitro, the JC-1 staining and Mito-tracker™ Green showed that AdipoRon significantly alleviated OxyHb-induced collapse of Δψm and enhanced mitochondrial mass. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis indicated that the neurons treated with AdipoRon showed low necrotic and apoptotic rate. AdipoRon alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction after intracerebral hemorrhage via the AdipoR1-AMPK-PGC1α pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingwei Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianan Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zeyu Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zefeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China. .,Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ji Y, Dai F, Zhou B. Designing salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazones as Cu(II) ionophores with tunable chelation and release of copper for hitting redox Achilles heel of cancer cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:215-226. [PMID: 30240704 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Higher levels of copper, reduced glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) observed in cancer cells than in normal cells, favor the idea of developing copper ionophores as prooxidative anticancer agents (PAAs) to hit the altered redox homeostasis (redox Achilles heel) of cancer cells. In this work, we used salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (SIH-1) as a basic scaffold to design Cu(II) ionophores with tunable chelation and release of Cu(II) by introducing electron-withdrawing nitro and electron-donating methoxyl groups in the para position to phenolic hydroxyl, or by blocking the phenolic hydroxyl site using methyl. These molecules were used to probe how chelation and release of copper influence their ionophoric role and ability to target redox Achilles heel of cancer cells. Among these molecules, SIH-1 was identified as the most potent Cu(II) ionophore to kill preferentially HepG2 cells over HUVEC cells, and also superior to clioquinol, a copper ionophore evaluated in clinical trials, in terms of its relatively higher cytotoxicity and better selectivity. Higher oxidative potential, despite of lower stability constant, of the Cu(II) complex formed by SIH-1 than by the other molecules, is responsible for its stronger ability in releasing copper by GSH, inducing redox imbalance and triggering mitochondria-mediated apoptosis of HepG2 cells. This work gives useful information on how to design copper ionophores as PAAs for selective killing of cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Fang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Margaritelis NV, Paschalis V, Theodorou AA, Kyparos A, Nikolaidis MG. Antioxidants in Personalized Nutrition and Exercise. Adv Nutr 2018; 9:813-823. [PMID: 30256898 PMCID: PMC6247356 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review highlights the idea that antioxidant supplementation can be optimized when tailored to the precise antioxidant status of each individual. A novel methodologic approach involving personalized nutrition, the mechanisms by which antioxidant status regulates human metabolism and performance, and similarities between antioxidants and other nutritional supplements are described. The usefulness of higher-level phenotypes for data-driven personalized treatments is also explained. We conclude that personally tailored antioxidant interventions based on specific antioxidant inadequacies or deficiencies could result in improved exercise performance accompanied by consistent alterations in redox profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikos V Margaritelis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece,Intensive Care Unit, 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece,Address correspondence to NVM (e-mail: )
| | - Vassilis Paschalis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios A Theodorou
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Antonios Kyparos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Michalis G Nikolaidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| |
Collapse
|