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Carreño-González AJ, Liberato JL, Celani MVB, Lopes NP, Lopes JLC, Gobbo-Neto L, Fontana ACK, Dos Santos WF. Neuroprotective effects of chlorogenic acid against oxidative stress in rats subjected to lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03080-0. [PMID: 38625552 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a condition marked by sudden, self-sustained, and recurring brain events, showcasing unique electro-clinical and neuropathological phenomena that can alter the structure and functioning of the brain, resulting in diverse manifestations. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can be very effective in 30% of patients in controlling seizures. Several factors contribute to this: drug resistance, individual variability, side effects, complexity of epilepsy, incomplete understanding, comorbidities, drug interactions, and no adherence to treatment. Therefore, research into new AEDs is important for several reasons such as improved efficacy, reduced side effects, expanded treatment options, treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy, improved safety profiles, targeted therapies, and innovation and progress. Animal models serve as crucial biological tools for comprehending neuronal damage and aiding in the discovery of more effective new AEDs. The utilization of antioxidant agents that act on the central nervous system may serve as a supplementary approach in the secondary prevention of epilepsy, both in laboratory animals and potentially in humans. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a significant compound, widely prevalent in numerous medicinal and food plants, exhibiting an extensive spectrum of biological activities such as neuroprotection, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects, among others. In this research, we assessed the neuroprotective effects of commercially available CGA in Wistar rats submitted to lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) model. After 72-h induction of SE, rats received thiopental and were treated for three consecutive days (1st, 2nd, and 3rd doses). Next, brains were collected and studied histologically for viable cells in the hippocampus with staining for cresyl-violet (Nissl staining) and for degenerating cells with Fluoro-Jade C (FJC) staining. Moreover, to evaluate oxidative stress, the presence of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was quantified. Rats administered with CGA (30 mg/kg) demonstrated a significant decrease of 59% in the number of hippocampal cell loss in the CA3, and of 48% in the hilus layers after SE. A significant reduction of 75% in the cell loss in the CA3, shown by FJC+ staining, was also observed with the administration of CGA (30 mg/kg). Furthermore, significant decreases of 49% in MDA production and 72% in the activity of SOD were seen, when compared to animals subjected to SE that received vehicle. This study introduces a novel finding: the administration of CGA at a dosage of 30 mg/kg effectively reduced oxidative stress induced by lithium-pilocarpine, with its effects lasting until the peak of neural damage 72 h following the onset of SE. Overall, the research and development of new AEDs are essential for advancing epilepsy treatment, improving patient outcomes, and ultimately enhancing the quality of life for individuals living with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberth Jonnathan Carreño-González
- Department of Biology, College of Philosophy, Sciences, and Literature (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Zip code: 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Liberato
- Department of Biology, College of Philosophy, Sciences, and Literature (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Zip code: 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Batista Celani
- Department of Biology, College of Philosophy, Sciences, and Literature (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Zip code: 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), NPPNS, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Luís Callegari Lopes
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), NPPNS, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Gobbo-Neto
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), NPPNS, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Wagner Ferreira Dos Santos
- Department of Biology, College of Philosophy, Sciences, and Literature (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Zip code: 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento, INeC, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Makiso MU, Tola YB, Ogah O, Endale FL. Bioactive compounds in coffee and their role in lowering the risk of major public health consequences: A review. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:734-764. [PMID: 38370073 PMCID: PMC10867520 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This article addresses the bioactive components in coffee aroma, their metabolism, and the mechanism of action in lowering the risk of various potential health problems. The main bioactive components involved in the perceived aroma of coffee and its related health benefits are caffeine, chlorogenic acid (CGA), trigonelline, diterpenes, and melanoids. These compounds are involved in various physiological activities. Caffeine has been shown to have anticancer properties, as well as the ability to prevent the onset and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and to be anti-inflammatory. CGA exhibits antioxidant action and is implicated in gut health, neurodegenerative disease protection, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease prevention. Furthermore, together with diterpenes, CGA has been linked to anticancer activity. Trigonelline, on the other side, has been found to lower oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and scavenging reactive oxygen species. It also prevents the formation of kidney stones. Diterpenes and melanoids possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, respectively. Consuming three to four cups of filtered coffee per day, depending on an individual's physiological condition and health status, has been linked to a lower risk of several degenerative diseases. Despite their health benefits, excessive coffee intake above the recommended daily dosage, calcium and vitamin D deficiency, and unfiltered coffee consumption all increase the risk of potential health concerns. In conclusion, moderate coffee consumption lowers the risk of different noncommunicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markos Urugo Makiso
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest TechnologyCollege of Agricultural SciencesWachemo UniversityHossanaEthiopia
- Department of Postharvest ManagementCollege of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineJimma UniversityJimmaEthiopia
| | - Yetenayet Bekele Tola
- Department of Postharvest ManagementCollege of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineJimma UniversityJimmaEthiopia
| | - Onwuchekwa Ogah
- Department of Applied BiologyEbonyi State UniversityIsiekeNigeria
| | - Fitsum Liben Endale
- Department of Public HealthCollege of Medicine and Health SciencesWachemo UniversityHossanaEthiopia
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3
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Vo QV, Thuy Hoa DT, Hoa NT, Tran MD, Mechler A. The radical scavenging activity of monocaffeoylquinic acids: the role of neighboring hydroxyl groups and pH levels. RSC Adv 2024; 14:4179-4187. [PMID: 38292262 PMCID: PMC10825902 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08460d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) are well-known antioxidants. However, a key aspect of their radical scavenging activity - the mechanism of action - has not been addressed in detail thus far. Here we report on a computational study of the mechanism of activity of CQAs in scavenging hydroperoxyl radicals. In water at physiological pH, the CQAs demonstrated ≈ 104 times higher HOO˙ antiradical activity than in lipid medium (k(lipid) ≈ 104 M-1 s-1). The activity in the aqueous solution was determined by the hydrogen transfer mechanism of the adjacent hydroxyl group (O6'-H) of the dianion states (Γ = 93.2-95.2%), while the single electron transfer reaction of these species contributed 4.8-6.8% to the total rate constants. The kinetics estimated by the calculations are consistent with experimental findings in water (pH = 7.5), yielding a kcalculated/kexperimental = 2.4, reinforcing the reliability and precision of the computational method and demonstrating its utility for evaluating radical reactions in silico. The results also revealed the pH dependence of the HOO˙ scavenging activity of the CQAs; activity was comparable for all compounds below pH 3, however at higher pH values 5CQA reacted with the HOO˙ with lower activity than 3CQA or 4CQA. It was also found that CQAs are less active than Trolox below pH 4.7, however over pH 5.0 they showed higher activity than the reference. The CQAs had the best HOO˙ antiradical activity at pH values between 5.0 and 8.6. Therefore, in the physiological environment, the hydroperoxyl antiradical capacity of CQAs exhibits similarity to renowned natural antioxidants including resveratrol, ascorbic acid, and Trolox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan V Vo
- The University of Danang - University of Technology and Education Danang 550000 Vietnam
| | - Duong Thi Thuy Hoa
- The University of Danang - University of Sciences and Education Danang 550000 Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hoa
- The University of Danang - University of Technology and Education Danang 550000 Vietnam
| | - Manh Duc Tran
- The University of Danang - University of Sciences and Education Danang 550000 Vietnam
| | - Adam Mechler
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe University Victoria 3086 Australia
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4
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Getachew B, Hauser SR, Bennani S, El Kouhen N, Sari Y, Tizabi Y. Adolescent alcohol drinking interaction with the gut microbiome: implications for adult alcohol use disorder. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2024; 4:11881. [PMID: 38322648 PMCID: PMC10846679 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2024.11881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Reciprocal communication between the gut microbiota and the brain, commonly referred to as the "gut-brain-axis" is crucial in maintaining overall physiological homeostasis. Gut microbiota development and brain maturation (neuronal connectivity and plasticity) appear to be synchronized and to follow the same timeline during childhood (immature), adolescence (expansion) and adulthood (completion). It is important to note that the mesolimbic reward circuitry develops early on, whereas the maturation of the inhibitory frontal cortical neurons is delayed. This imbalance can lead to increased acquirement of reward-seeking and risk-taking behaviors during adolescence, and consequently eventuate in heightened risk for substance abuse. Thus, there is high initiation of alcohol drinking in early adolescence that significantly increases the risk of alcohol use disorder (AUD) in adulthood. The underlying causes for heightened AUD risk are not well understood. It is suggested that alcohol-associated gut microbiota impairment during adolescence plays a key role in AUD neurodevelopment in adulthood. Furthermore, alcohol-induced dysregulation of microglia, either directly or indirectly through interaction with gut microbiota, may be a critical neuroinflammatory pathway leading to neurodevelopmental impairments and AUD. In this review article, we highlight the influence of adolescent alcohol drinking on gut microbiota, gut-brain axis and microglia, and eventual manifestation of AUD. Furthermore, novel therapeutic interventions via gut microbiota manipulations are discussed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruk Getachew
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Sheketha R. Hauser
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Samia Bennani
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Nacer El Kouhen
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Youssef Sari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
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Vladimir-Knežević S, Bival Štefan M, Blažeković B, Jelić D, Petković T, Mandić M, Šprajc E, Lovković S. Src Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitory and Antioxidant Activity of Black Chokeberry and Bilberry Fruit Extracts Rich in Chlorogenic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15512. [PMID: 37958496 PMCID: PMC10650546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible berries such as the fruits of black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott) and bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) are considered to be rich in phenolic compounds, which are nowadays attracting great interest due to their promising health benefits. The main objective of our study was to investigate, for the first time, their inhibitory properties on Src tyrosine kinase activity, as this enzyme plays an important role in multiple cellular processes and is activated in both cancer and inflammatory cells. In hydroethanolic fruit extracts, 5.0-5.9% of total polyphenols were determined spectrophotometrically, including high amounts of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. HPLC analysis revealed that the black chokeberry and bilberry extracts contained 2.05 mg/g and 2.54 mg/g of chlorogenic acid, respectively. Using a time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) assay, the extracts studied were found to have comparable inhibitory effects on Src tyrosine kinase, with IC50 values of 366 µg/mL and 369 µg/mL, respectively. The results also indicated that chlorogenic acid contributes significantly to the observed effect. In addition, both fruit extracts exhibited antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH and NO radicals with SC50 values of 153-352 µg/mL. Our study suggested that black chokeberry and bilberry fruits may be beneficial in cancer and other inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanda Vladimir-Knežević
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.V.-K.); (B.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Maja Bival Štefan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.V.-K.); (B.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Biljana Blažeković
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.V.-K.); (B.B.); (T.P.)
| | | | - Tea Petković
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.V.-K.); (B.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Marta Mandić
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
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Socodato R, Rodrigues-Santos A, Tedim-Moreira J, Almeida TO, Canedo T, Portugal CC, Relvas JB. RhoA balances microglial reactivity and survival during neuroinflammation. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:690. [PMID: 37863874 PMCID: PMC10589285 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06217-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are the largest myeloid cell population in the brain. During injury, disease, or inflammation, microglia adopt different functional states primarily involved in restoring brain homeostasis. However, sustained or exacerbated microglia inflammatory reactivity can lead to brain damage. Dynamic cytoskeleton reorganization correlates with alterations of microglial reactivity driven by external cues, and proteins controlling cytoskeletal reorganization, such as the Rho GTPase RhoA, are well positioned to refine or adjust the functional state of the microglia during injury, disease, or inflammation. Here, we use multi-biosensor-based live-cell imaging approaches and tissue-specific conditional gene ablation in mice to understand the role of RhoA in microglial response to inflammation. We found that a decrease in RhoA activity is an absolute requirement for microglial metabolic reprogramming and reactivity to inflammation. However, without RhoA, inflammation disrupts Ca2+ and pH homeostasis, dampening mitochondrial function, worsening microglial necrosis, and triggering microglial apoptosis. Our results suggest that a minimum level of RhoA activity is obligatory to concatenate microglia inflammatory reactivity and survival during neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Socodato
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) and Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Artur Rodrigues-Santos
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) and Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Tedim-Moreira
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) and Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago O Almeida
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) and Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Canedo
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) and Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Camila C Portugal
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) and Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João B Relvas
- Institute of Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) and Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.
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Cao D, Li B, Cao C, Zhang J, Li X, Li H, Yu Z, Shen H, Ye M. Caveolin-1 aggravates neurological deficits by activating neuroinflammation following experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Exp Neurol 2023; 368:114508. [PMID: 37598879 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the stroke subtypes with the highest mortality. Secondary brain injury is associated with neurological dysfunction and poor prognosis after ICH. Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is the key protein of Caveolae. Previous studies have shown that CAV1 plays an important role in central nervous system diseases, and pointed out that in a collagenase-induced ICH model in vivo, CAV1 is associated with neuroinflammatory activation and poor neurological prognosis. In this study, we explore the role and the molecular mechanism of CAV1 in brain injury via a rat autologous whole blood injection model and an in vitro model of ICH. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats ICH model was induced through autologous whole blood injecting into the right basal ganglia. The changes in protein levels of CAV1 in brain tissues of ICH rats were detected by western blot analysis. The immunofluorescent staining was used to explore the changes of CAV1 in microglia/macrophages (Iba1+ cells). Lentivirus vectors were administered by intracerebroventricular injection to induce CAV1 overexpression and knockdown respectively. The western blot analysis, immunofluorescence staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling and Nissl staining were performed to explore the role of CAV1 in secondary brain injury after ICH. Meanwhile, the rotarod test, foot fault test, adhesive-removal test, and Modified Garcia Test, as well as Morris Water Maze test, were performed to evaluate the behavioral cognitive impairment of ICH rats after genetic intervention. Additionally, BV-2 cells treated with oxygen hemoglobin for 24 h, were used as an in vitro model of ICH in this study to explore the molecular mechanism of CAV1 in brain injury; we performed western blot analysis after precise regulation of CAV1 in BV2 cells to observe changes in protein levels and phosphorylated levels of C-Src, IKK-β, and NF-κB. RESULTS The expression of CAV1 in microglia/macrophages (Iba1+ cells) was elevated and reached the peak at 24 h after ICH. CAV1 knockdown ameliorated ICH-induced neurological deficits, while CAV1 overexpression significantly worsened neurological dysfunction of ICH rats. CAV1 knockdown attenuated cellular apoptosis and promoted neuronal survival in brain tissues of ICH rats, while the ICH rats with CAV1 overexpression presented more cellular apoptosis and neuronal loss. Meanwhile, CAV1 knockdown inhibited the microglia activation and neuroinflammatory response, while CAV1 overexpression abolished these effects and aggravated neuroinflammation in brain tissues of ICH rats. Additionally, by inducing to CAV1 knockdown in BV2 cells in an in vitro model of ICH, the levels of p-C-Src, CAV-1, p-CAV-1, and p-IKK-β in cytoplasm and the level of NF-κB p65 in nucleus of BV2 cells were significantly decreased, while they were increased by inducing to CAV1 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS Our research revealed CAV1 aggravated neurological dysfunction in a rat ICH model. CAV1 knockdown exerted neuroprotective effect by suppressing microglia activation and neuroinflammation after ICH might via the C-Src/CAV1/IKK-β/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demao Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Yancheng City No.1 People's Hospital, Yancheng First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Yancheng 224006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cheng Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Neurocritical Intensive Care Unit, Jiangyin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical College, Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Juyi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Ming Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Salsinha AS, Socodato R, Rodrigues A, Vale-Silva R, Relvas JB, Pintado M, Rodríguez-Alcalá LM. Potential of omega-3 and conjugated fatty acids to control microglia inflammatory imbalance elicited by obesogenic nutrients. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159331. [PMID: 37172801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diet-induced obesity detrimentally affects brain function by inducing chronic low-grade inflammation. This neuroinflammation is, at least in part, likely to be mediated by microglia, which are the main immune cell population in the brain. Microglia express a wide range of lipid-sensitive receptors and their activity can be modulated by fatty acids that cross the blood-brain barrier. Here, by combining live cell imaging and FRET technology we assessed how different fatty acids modulate microglia activity. We demonstrate that the combined action of fructose and palmitic acid induce Ikβα degradation and nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit nuclear factor kB (NF-κB) in HCM3 human microglia. Such obesogenic nutrients also lead to reactive oxygen species production and LynSrc activation (critical regulators of microglia inflammation). Importantly, short-time exposure to omega-3 (EPA and DHA), CLA and CLNA are sufficient to abolish NF-κB pathway activation, suggesting a potential neuroprotective role. Omega-3 and CLA also show an antioxidant potential by inhibiting reactive oxygen species production, and the activation of LynSrc in microglia. Furthermore, using chemical agonists (TUG-891) and antagonists (AH7614) of GPR120/FFA4, we demonstrated that omega-3, CLA and CLNA inhibition of the NF-κB pathway is mediated by this receptor, while omega-3 and CLA antioxidant potential occurs through different signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Salsinha
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - R Socodato
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - A Rodrigues
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - R Vale-Silva
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - J B Relvas
- Department of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Neurobiology and Neurological Disease, Glial Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - L M Rodríguez-Alcalá
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua de Diogo Botelho, 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
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Murai T, Matsuda S. The Chemopreventive Effects of Chlorogenic Acids, Phenolic Compounds in Coffee, against Inflammation, Cancer, and Neurological Diseases. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052381. [PMID: 36903626 PMCID: PMC10005755 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages, which has several effects on the human body. In particular, current evidence suggests that coffee consumption is associated with a reduced risk of inflammation, various types of cancers, and certain neurodegenerative diseases. Among the various constituents of coffee, phenolic phytochemicals, more specifically chlorogenic acids, are the most abundant, and there have been many attempts to utilize coffee chlorogenic acid for cancer prevention and therapy. Due to its beneficial biological effect on the human body, coffee is regarded as a functional food. In this review article, we summarize the recent advances and knowledge on the association of phytochemicals contained in coffee as nutraceuticals, with a particular focus on phenolic compounds, their intake, and nutritional biomarkers, with the reduction of disease risk, including inflammation, cancer, and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Murai
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
- Correspondence:
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10
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Liberato JL, Rosa MN, Miranda MCR, Lopes JLC, Lopes NP, Gobbo-Neto L, Fontana ACK, Dos Santos WF. Neuroprotective Properties of Chlorogenic Acid and 4,5-Caffeoylquinic Acid from Brazilian arnica (Lychnophora ericoides) after Acute Retinal Ischemia. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:183-193. [PMID: 36220097 DOI: 10.1055/a-1903-2387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lychnophora is a genus of South American flowering plants in the daisy family, popularly known as "Brazilian arnica". It is used in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent, whose active components are derived from chlorogenic acid (CGA) and C-flavonoids. Since the drugs currently used are ineffective to treat glaucoma, agents with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties may represent new alternatives in preventing cellular lesions in retinal ischemia. In this study, we report the neuroprotective effects of CGA and 4,5-di-O-[E]-caffeoylquinic (CQA) acid, isolated from Lychnophora plants, in a rodent glaucoma model. Wistar rats were administered intravitreally with 10 µg CGA or CGA, and then subjected to acute retinal ischemia (ISC) by increasing intraocular pressure (IPO) for 45 minutes followed (or not) by 15 minutes of reperfusion (I/R). Qualitative and quantitative analyses of neurodegeneration were performed using hematoxylin-eosin or Fluoro-Jade C staining protocols. All retinas submitted to ISC or I/R exhibited matrix disorganization, pyknotic nuclei, and pronounced vacuolization of the cytoplasm in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner nuclear layer (INL). Pretreatment with CGA or CQA resulted in the protection of the retinal layers against matrix disorganization and a reduction in the number of vacuolized cells and pyknotic nuclei. Also, pretreatment with CGA or CQA resulted in a significant reduction in neuronal death in the GCL, the INL, and the outer nuclear layer (ONL) after ischemic insult. Our study demonstrated that CGA and CQA exhibit neuroprotective activities in retinas subjected to ISC and I/R induced by IPO in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luiz Liberato
- Department of Biology, College of Philosophy, Sciences and Literature (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento, INeC, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcela Nunes Rosa
- Department of Biology, College of Philosophy, Sciences and Literature (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus C Romeiro Miranda
- Department of Biology, College of Philosophy, Sciences and Literature (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Luís Callegari Lopes
- NPPNS, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- NPPNS, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Gobbo-Neto
- NPPNS, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreia C K Fontana
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Wagner Ferreira Dos Santos
- Department of Biology, College of Philosophy, Sciences and Literature (FFCLRP), University of São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento, INeC, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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11
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Portugal CC, Almeida TO, Socodato R, Relvas JB. Src family kinases (SFKs): critical regulators of microglial homeostatic functions and neurodegeneration in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. FEBS J 2022; 289:7760-7775. [PMID: 34510775 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
c-Src was the first protein kinase to be described as capable of phosphorylating tyrosine residues. Subsequent identification of other tyrosine-phosphorylating protein kinases with a similar structure to c-Src gave rise to the concept of Src family kinases (SFKs). Microglia are the resident innate immune cell population of the CNS. Under physiological conditions, microglia actively participate in brain tissue homeostasis, continuously patrolling the neuronal parenchyma and exerting neuroprotective actions. Activation of pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) and damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) receptors induces microglial proliferation, migration toward pathological foci, phagocytosis, and changes in gene expression, concurrent with the secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. A significant body of literature shows that SFK stimulation positively associates with microglial activation and neuropathological conditions, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Here, we review essential microglial homeostatic functions regulated by SFKs, including phagocytosis, environmental sensing, and secretion of inflammatory mediators. In addition, we discuss the potential of SFK modulation for microglial homeostasis in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila C Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago O Almeida
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Portugal.,Doutoramento em Ciências Biomédicas, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Renato Socodato
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - João B Relvas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
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12
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Zeng L, Xiang R, Fu C, Qu Z, Liu C. The Regulatory effect of chlorogenic acid on gut-brain function and its mechanism: A systematic review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112831. [PMID: 35303566 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a phenolic compound that is widely distributed in honeysuckle, Eucommia, fruits and vegetables. It has various biological functions, including cardiovascular, nerve, kidney, and liver protection, and it exerts a protective effect on human health, according to clinical research and basic research. The intestine and brain are two important organs that are closely related in the human body. The intestine is even called the "second brain" in humans. However, among the many reports in the literature, an article systematically reporting the regulatory effects and specific mechanisms of CGA on the intestines and brain has not been published. In this context, this review uses the regulatory role and mechanism of CGA in the intestine and brain as the starting point and comprehensively reviews CGA metabolism in the body and the regulatory role and mechanism of CGA in the intestine and brain described in recent years. Additionally, the review speculates on the potential biological actions of CGA in the gut-brain axis. This study provides a scientific theory for CGA research in the brain and intestines and promotes the transformation of basic research and the application of CGA in food nutrition and health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- Southwest Hunan Research Center of Engineering for Development and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan 422000, China; National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
| | - Rong Xiang
- The Library of Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan 422000, China
| | - Chunyan Fu
- Southwest Hunan Research Center of Engineering for Development and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan 422000, China
| | - Zhihao Qu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Changwei Liu
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
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13
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Canedo T, Portugal CC, Socodato R, Almeida TO, Terceiro AF, Bravo J, Silva AI, Magalhães JD, Guerra-Gomes S, Oliveira JF, Sousa N, Magalhães A, Relvas JB, Summavielle T. Astrocyte-derived TNF and glutamate critically modulate microglia activation by methamphetamine. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:2358-2370. [PMID: 34400780 PMCID: PMC8581027 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (Meth) is a powerful illicit psychostimulant, widely used for recreational purposes. Besides disrupting the monoaminergic system and promoting oxidative brain damage, Meth also causes neuroinflammation, contributing to synaptic dysfunction and behavioral deficits. Aberrant activation of microglia, the largest myeloid cell population in the brain, is a common feature in neurological disorders triggered by neuroinflammation. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the aberrant activation of microglia elicited by Meth in the adult mouse brain. We found that binge Meth exposure caused microgliosis and disrupted risk assessment behavior (a feature that usually occurs in individuals who abuse Meth), both of which required astrocyte-to-microglia crosstalk. Mechanistically, Meth triggered a detrimental increase of glutamate exocytosis from astrocytes (in a process dependent on TNF production and calcium mobilization), promoting microglial expansion and reactivity. Ablating TNF production, or suppressing astrocytic calcium mobilization, prevented Meth-elicited microglia reactivity and re-established risk assessment behavior as tested by elevated plus maze (EPM). Overall, our data indicate that glial crosstalk is critical to relay alterations caused by acute Meth exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Canedo
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Addiction Biology Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Camila Cabral Portugal
- Glial Cell Biology Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Renato Socodato
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Glial Cell Biology Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Oliveira Almeida
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Glial Cell Biology Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Terceiro
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Addiction Biology Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Bravo
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Addiction Biology Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Silva
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Addiction Biology Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Duarte Magalhães
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Addiction Biology Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Guerra-Gomes
- grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - João Filipe Oliveira
- grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal ,grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal ,grid.410922.c0000 0001 0180 6901IPCA-EST-2Ai, Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave, Applied Artificial Intelligence, Barcelos, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XLife and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal ,grid.10328.380000 0001 2159 175XICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ana Magalhães
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Addiction Biology Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Bettencourt Relvas
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Glial Cell Biology Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Summavielle
- Addiction Biology Group, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,ESS.PP, Escola Superior de Saúde do Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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14
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Barbosa EA, Plácido A, Moreira DC, Albuquerque L, Dematei A, Silva-Carvalho AÉ, Cabral WF, Báo SN, Saldanha-Araújo F, Kuckelhaus SAS, Borges TK, Portugal CC, Socodato R, Teixeira C, Lima FCDA, Batagin-Neto A, Sebben A, Eaton P, Gomes P, Brand GD, Relvas JB, Kato MJ, Leite JRSA. The peptide secreted at the water to land transition in a model amphibian has antioxidant effects. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20211531. [PMID: 34753356 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the morphophysiological changes experienced by amphibians during metamorphosis, they must also deal with a different set of environmental constraints when they shift from the water to the land. We found that Pithecopus azureus secretes a single peptide ([M + H]+ = 658.38 Da) at the developmental stage that precedes the onset of terrestrial behaviour. De novo peptide and cDNA sequencing revealed that the peptide, named PaT-2, is expressed in tandem and is a member of the tryptophyllins family. In silico studies allowed us to identify the position of reactive sites and infer possible antioxidant mechanisms of the compounds. Cell-based assays confirmed the predicted antioxidant activity in mammalian microglia and neuroblast cells. The potential neuroprotective effect of PaT-2 was further corroborated in FRET-based live cell imaging assays, where the peptide prevented lipopolysaccharide-induced ROS production and glutamate release in human microglia. In summary, PaT-2 is the first peptide expressed during the ontogeny of P. azureus, right before the metamorphosing froglet leaves the aquatic environment to occupy terrestrial habitats. The antioxidant activity of PaT-2, predicted by in silico analyses and confirmed by cell-based assays, might be relevant for the protection of the skin of P. azureus adults against increased O2 levels and UV exposure on land compared with aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eder Alves Barbosa
- Laboratório de Síntese e Análise de Biomoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massa, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Plácido
- Bioprospectum, Lda, UPTEC, Porto, Portugal.,LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel C Moreira
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Morfologia e Imunologia Aplicada (NuPMIA), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Lucas Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular, NuPMIA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Anderson Dematei
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Morfologia e Imunologia Aplicada (NuPMIA), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Amandda É Silva-Carvalho
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Celulas-tronco, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Wanessa F Cabral
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Morfologia e Imunologia Aplicada (NuPMIA), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Sonia N Báo
- Laboratório de Microscopia e Microanálise, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Felipe Saldanha-Araújo
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Celulas-tronco, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Selma A S Kuckelhaus
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Morfologia e Imunologia Aplicada (NuPMIA), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Tatiana K Borges
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular, NuPMIA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Camila C Portugal
- Glial Cell Biology Lab, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Renato Socodato
- Glial Cell Biology Lab, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cátia Teixeira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Antônio Sebben
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Peter Eaton
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,The Bridge, School of Chemistry, Joseph Banks Laboratories, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Paula Gomes
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Guilherme D Brand
- Laboratório de Síntese e Análise de Biomoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Joao B Relvas
- Glial Cell Biology Lab, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Massuo J Kato
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose Roberto S A Leite
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Morfologia e Imunologia Aplicada (NuPMIA), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.,Bioprospectum, Lda, UPTEC, Porto, Portugal
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15
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Nutt D, Hayes A, Fonville L, Zafar R, Palmer EO, Paterson L, Lingford-Hughes A. Alcohol and the Brain. Nutrients 2021; 13:3938. [PMID: 34836193 PMCID: PMC8625009 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol works on the brain to produce its desired effects, e.g., sociability and intoxication, and hence the brain is an important organ for exploring subsequent harms. These come in many different forms such as the consequences of damage during intoxication, e.g., from falls and fights, damage from withdrawal, damage from the toxicity of alcohol and its metabolites and altered brain structure and function with implications for behavioral processes such as craving and addiction. On top of that are peripheral factors that compound brain damage such as poor diet, vitamin deficiencies leading to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Prenatal alcohol exposure can also have a profound impact on brain development and lead to irremediable changes of fetal alcohol syndrome. This chapter briefly reviews aspects of these with a particular focus on recent brain imaging results. Cardiovascular effects of alcohol that lead to brain pathology are not covered as they are dealt with elsewhere in the volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Nutt
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Division of Psychiatry, Department of Brain Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London W12 ONN, UK; (A.H.); (L.F.); (R.Z.); (E.O.C.P.); (L.P.); (A.L.-H.)
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16
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Fernandes MYD, Dobrachinski F, Silva HB, Lopes JP, Gonçalves FQ, Soares FAA, Porciúncula LO, Andrade GM, Cunha RA, Tomé AR. Neuromodulation and neuroprotective effects of chlorogenic acids in excitatory synapses of mouse hippocampal slices. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10488. [PMID: 34006978 PMCID: PMC8131611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89964-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased healthspan afforded by coffee intake provides novel opportunities to identify new therapeutic strategies. Caffeine has been proposed to afford benefits through adenosine A2A receptors, which can control synaptic dysfunction underlying some brain disease. However, decaffeinated coffee and other main components of coffee such as chlorogenic acids, also attenuate brain dysfunction, although it is unknown if they control synaptic function. We now used electrophysiological recordings in mouse hippocampal slices to test if realistic concentrations of chlorogenic acids directly affect synaptic transmission and plasticity. 3-(3,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl)quinic acid (CA, 1-10 μM) and 5-O-(trans-3,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl)-D-quinic acid (NCA, 1-10 μM) were devoid of effect on synaptic transmission, paired-pulse facilitation or long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) in Schaffer collaterals-CA1 pyramidal synapses. However, CA and NCA increased the recovery of synaptic transmission upon re-oxygenation following 7 min of oxygen/glucose deprivation, an in vitro ischemia model. Also, CA and NCA attenuated the shift of LTD into LTP observed in hippocampal slices from animals with hippocampal-dependent memory deterioration after exposure to β-amyloid 1-42 (2 nmol, icv), in the context of Alzheimer's disease. These findings show that chlorogenic acids do not directly affect synaptic transmission and plasticity but can indirectly affect other cellular targets to correct synaptic dysfunction. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms of action of chlorogenic acids will allow the design of hitherto unrecognized novel neuroprotective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Yone D Fernandes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Fernando Dobrachinski
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica E Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Henrique B Silva
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Lopes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Q Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Felix A A Soares
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Departamento de Bioquímica E Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Lisiane O Porciúncula
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Geanne M Andrade
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Angelo R Tomé
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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17
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Socodato R, Portugal CC, Canedo T, Rodrigues A, Almeida TO, Henriques JF, Vaz SH, Magalhães J, Silva CM, Baptista FI, Alves RL, Coelho-Santos V, Silva AP, Paes-de-Carvalho R, Magalhães A, Brakebusch C, Sebastião AM, Summavielle T, Ambrósio AF, Relvas JB. Microglia Dysfunction Caused by the Loss of Rhoa Disrupts Neuronal Physiology and Leads to Neurodegeneration. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107796. [PMID: 32579923 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nervous tissue homeostasis requires the regulation of microglia activity. Using conditional gene targeting in mice, we demonstrate that genetic ablation of the small GTPase Rhoa in adult microglia is sufficient to trigger spontaneous microglia activation, producing a neurological phenotype (including synapse and neuron loss, impairment of long-term potentiation [LTP], formation of β-amyloid plaques, and memory deficits). Mechanistically, loss of Rhoa in microglia triggers Src activation and Src-mediated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production, leading to excitotoxic glutamate secretion. Inhibiting Src in microglia Rhoa-deficient mice attenuates microglia dysregulation and the ensuing neurological phenotype. We also find that the Rhoa/Src signaling pathway is disrupted in microglia of the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer disease and that low doses of Aβ oligomers trigger microglia neurotoxic polarization through the disruption of Rhoa-to-Src signaling. Overall, our results indicate that disturbing Rho GTPase signaling in microglia can directly cause neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Socodato
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Camila C Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Canedo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Artur Rodrigues
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago O Almeida
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana F Henriques
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra H Vaz
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Magalhães
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cátia M Silva
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa I Baptista
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Renata L Alves
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Coelho-Santos
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Silva
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Roberto Paes-de-Carvalho
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Ana Magalhães
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cord Brakebusch
- Molecular Pathology Section, BRIC, Københavns Biocenter, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa Summavielle
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal; Escola Superior de Saúde, Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António F Ambrósio
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal; Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João B Relvas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; The Discoveries Centre for Regeneration and Precision Medicine, Porto Campus, Porto, Portugal.
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18
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Socodato R, Henriques JF, Portugal CC, Almeida TO, Tedim-Moreira J, Alves RL, Canedo T, Silva C, Magalhães A, Summavielle T, Relvas JB. Daily alcohol intake triggers aberrant synaptic pruning leading to synapse loss and anxiety-like behavior. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/650/eaba5754. [PMID: 32963013 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aba5754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse adversely affects the lives of millions of people worldwide. Deficits in synaptic transmission and in microglial function are commonly found in human alcohol abusers and in animal models of alcohol intoxication. Here, we found that a protocol simulating chronic binge drinking in male mice resulted in aberrant synaptic pruning and substantial loss of excitatory synapses in the prefrontal cortex, which resulted in increased anxiety-like behavior. Mechanistically, alcohol intake increased the engulfment capacity of microglia in a manner dependent on the kinase Src, the subsequent activation of the transcription factor NF-κB, and the consequent production of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF. Pharmacological blockade of Src activation or of TNF production in microglia, genetic ablation of Tnf, or conditional ablation of microglia attenuated aberrant synaptic pruning, thereby preventing the neuronal and behavioral effects of the alcohol. Our data suggest that aberrant pruning of excitatory synapses by microglia may disrupt synaptic transmission in response to alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Socodato
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana F Henriques
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Camila C Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago O Almeida
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Tedim-Moreira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Renata L Alves
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Canedo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cátia Silva
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Magalhães
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Summavielle
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - João B Relvas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal. .,Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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19
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Serino A, Zhao Y, Hwang J, Cullen A, Deeb C, Akhavan N, Arjmandi B, Salazar G. Gender differences in the effect of blackberry supplementation in vascular senescence and atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- mice. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 80:108375. [PMID: 32248057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As the cardiovascular system ages, it becomes more vulnerable to the effects of oxidative stress and inflammation. The aging process, along with external factors such as radiation exposure and lifestyle, induces vascular senescence and accelerates atherosclerotic plaque accumulation. Expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 1 (Nox1), which produces superoxide, is associated with senescence in vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro and atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice in vivo. However, it is unknown whether Nox1 could be down-regulated by nutritional interventions aimed to reduce atherosclerosis. Here we study the effect of blackberry supplementation in Nox1 expression and atherosclerosis. Four-month-old ApoE-/- male and female mice were fed low-fat, high-fat or high-fat supplemented with 2% freeze-dried blackberry powder diets for 5 weeks. Analysis of the aorta showed that diet supplemented with blackberry significantly decreased plaque accumulation, senescence associated-β-galactosidase and Nox1 expression in the aorta of male but not female mice. The lipid profile was unchanged by blackberry in both female and male animals. Thus, the known role of Nox1 in atherosclerosis suggests that the atheroprotective effect of blackberry is mediated by Nox1 down-regulation in male mice and that Nox1 is regulated in a gender-dependent manner in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Serino
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Yitong Zhao
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jingwen Hwang
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Abigail Cullen
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Carolyn Deeb
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Neda Akhavan
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Bahram Arjmandi
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging (CAENRA), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Gloria Salazar
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging (CAENRA), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
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20
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Caffeine exposure ameliorates acute ischemic cell death in avian developing retina. Purinergic Signal 2020; 16:41-59. [PMID: 32078115 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09687-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In infants, the main cause of blindness is retinopathy of prematurity that stems in a hypoxic-ischemic condition. Caffeine is a psychoactive compound that at low to moderate concentrations, selectively inhibits adenosine A1 and A2A receptors. Caffeine exerts beneficial effects in central nervous system of adult animal models and humans, whereas it seems to have malefic effect on the developing tissue. We observed that 48-h exposure (during synaptogenesis) to a moderate dose of caffeine (30 mg/kg of egg) activated pro-survival signaling pathways, including ERK, CREB, and Akt phosphorylation, alongside BDNF production, and reduced retinal cell death promoted by oxygen glucose deprivation in the chick retina. Blockade of TrkB receptors and inhibition of CREB prevented caffeine protection effect. Similar signaling pathways were described in previously reported data concerning chemical preconditioning mechanism triggered by NMDA receptors activation, with low concentrations of agonist. In agreement to these data, caffeine increased NMDA receptor activity. Caffeine decreased the levels of the chloride co-transporter KCC2 and delayed the developmental shift on GABAA receptor response from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing. These results suggest that the caffeine-induced delaying in depolarizing effect of GABA could be facilitating NMDA receptor activity. DPCPX, an A1 adenosine receptor antagonist, but not A2A receptor inhibitor, mimicked the effect of caffeine, suggesting that the effect of caffeine occurs through A1 receptor blockade. In summary, an in vivo caffeine exposure could increase the resistance of the retina to ischemia-induced cell death, by triggering survival pathways involving CREB phosphorylation and BDNF production/TrkB activation.
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21
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Sousa NA, Oliveira GAL, de Oliveira AP, Lopes ALF, Iles B, Nogueira KM, Araújo TSL, Souza LKM, Araújo AR, Ramos-Jesus J, Plácido A, Amaral C, Campelo YDM, Barbosa EA, Portugal CC, Socodato R, Lobo A, Relvas J, Bemquerer M, Eaton P, Leite JRSA, Medeiros JVR. Novel Ocellatin Peptides Mitigate LPS-induced ROS Formation and NF-kB Activation in Microglia and Hippocampal Neurons. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2696. [PMID: 32060388 PMCID: PMC7021831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59665-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous secretions of amphibians have bioactive compounds, such as peptides, with potential for biotechnological applications. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the primary structure and investigate peptides obtained from the cutaneous secretions of the amphibian, Leptodactylus vastus, as a source of bioactive molecules. The peptides obtained possessed the amino acid sequences, GVVDILKGAAKDLAGH and GVVDILKGAAKDLAGHLASKV, with monoisotopic masses of [M + H]± = 1563.8 Da and [M + H]± = 2062.4 Da, respectively. The molecules were characterized as peptides of the class of ocellatins and were named as Ocellatin-K1(1-16) and Ocellatin-K1(1-21). Functional analysis revealed that Ocellatin-K1(1-16) and Ocellatin-K1(1-21) showed weak antibacterial activity. However, treatment of mice with these ocellatins reduced the nitrite and malondialdehyde content. Moreover, superoxide dismutase enzymatic activity and glutathione concentration were increased in the hippocampus of mice. In addition, Ocellatin-K1(1-16) and Ocellatin-K1(1-21) were effective in impairing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and NF-kB activation in living microglia. We incubated hippocampal neurons with microglial conditioned media treated with LPS and LPS in the presence of Ocellatin-K1(1-16) and Ocellatin-K1(1-21) and observed that both peptides reduced the oxidative stress in hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, these ocellatins demonstrated low cytotoxicity towards erythrocytes. These functional properties suggest possible to neuromodulatory therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara A Sousa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e Doenças Gastrintestinais, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, UFDPar, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Guilherme A L Oliveira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e Doenças Gastrintestinais, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, UFDPar, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Ana Patrícia de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e Doenças Gastrintestinais, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, UFDPar, Piauí, Brazil
| | - André Luís F Lopes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e Doenças Gastrintestinais, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, UFDPar, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Bruno Iles
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e Doenças Gastrintestinais, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, UFDPar, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Kerolayne M Nogueira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e Doenças Gastrintestinais, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, UFDPar, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Thiago S L Araújo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e Doenças Gastrintestinais, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, UFDPar, Piauí, Brazil.,Instituto de Educação Superior do Vale do Parnaíba, FAHESP/IESVAP/NRE, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Luan K M Souza
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e Doenças Gastrintestinais, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, UFDPar, Piauí, Brazil.,Instituto de Educação Superior do Vale do Parnaíba, FAHESP/IESVAP/NRE, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Alyne R Araújo
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, UFPI, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Joilson Ramos-Jesus
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, UFPI, Piauí, Brazil.,Instituto de Educação Superior do Vale do Parnaíba, FAHESP/IESVAP/NRE, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Plácido
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Constança Amaral
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, IMM, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Yuri D M Campelo
- Instituto de Educação Superior do Vale do Parnaíba, FAHESP/IESVAP/NRE, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Eder Alves Barbosa
- Laboratório de Síntese e Análise de Biomoléculas, LSAB, Instituto de Química, UnB, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Camila C Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Renato Socodato
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andrea Lobo
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joao Relvas
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Peter Eaton
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, IMM, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Roberto S A Leite
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Morfologia e Imunonologia Aplicada, NuPMIA, Área Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, UnB, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Jand Venes R Medeiros
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e Doenças Gastrintestinais, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, UFDPar, Piauí, Brazil. .,Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, UFPI, Piauí, Brazil.
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22
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Serhan A, Aerts JL, Boddeke EW, Kooijman R. Neuroprotection by Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 in Rats with Ischemic Stroke is Associated with Microglial Changes and a Reduction in Neuroinflammation. Neuroscience 2020; 426:101-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Cossenza
- Program of Neurosciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
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24
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Domith I, Duarte-Silva AT, Garcia CG, Calaza KDC, Paes-de-Carvalho R, Cossenza M. Chlorogenic acids inhibit glutamate dehydrogenase and decrease intracellular ATP levels in cultures of chick embryo retina cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 155:393-402. [PMID: 30031809 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acids (CGAs) are a group of phenolic compounds found in worldwide consumed beverages such as coffee and green tea. They are synthesized from an esterification reaction between cinnamic acids, including caffeic (CFA), ferulic and p-coumaric acids with quinic acid (QA), forming several mono- and di-esterified isomers. The most prevalent and studied compounds are 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3-CQA), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (4-CQA) and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA), widely described as having antioxidant and cell protection effects. CGAs can also modulate glutamate release from microglia by a mechanism involving a decrease of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increased energy metabolism is highly associated with enhancement of ROS production and cellular damage. Glutamate can also be used as an energy source by glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) enzyme, providing α-ketoglutarate to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle for ATP synthesis. High GDH activity is associated with some disorders, such as schizophrenia and hyperinsulinemia/hyperammonemia syndrome. In line with this, our objective was to investigate the effect of CGAs on GDH activity. We show that CGAs and CFA inhibits GDH activity in dose-dependent manner, reaching complete inhibition at high concentration with IC50 of 52 μM for 3-CQA and 158.2 μM for CFA. Using live imaging confocal microscopy and microplate reader, we observed that 3-CQA and CFA can be transported into neuronal cells by an Na+-dependent mechanism. Moreover, neuronal cells treated with CGAs presented lower intracellular ATP levels. Overall, these data suggest that CGAs have therapeutic potential for treatment of disorders associated with high GDH activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Domith
- Program of Neurosciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | | | - Karin da Costa Calaza
- Program of Neurosciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil; Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Roberto Paes-de-Carvalho
- Program of Neurosciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil; Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Cossenza
- Program of Neurosciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.
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25
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Socodato R, Portugal CC, Rodrigues A, Henriques J, Rodrigues C, Figueira C, Relvas JB. Redox tuning of Ca 2+ signaling in microglia drives glutamate release during hypoxia. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 118:137-149. [PMID: 29501565 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia causes oxidative stress and excitotoxicity, culminating in neuronal damage during brain ischemia. Hypoxia also activates microglia, the myeloid resident cells of the brain parenchyma. Upon activation, microglia release high amounts of the neurotransmitter glutamate, contributing for neuronal excitotoxicity during brain insults. Here, we reveal a signaling pathway controlling glutamate release from human microglia during hypoxia. We show that hypoxia-mediated redox imbalance promotes the activation of endoplasmic reticulum inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) receptors leading to Ca2+ mobilization into the cytosol. Increasing cytosolic Ca2+ signaling in microglia activates the non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase Src at the plasma membrane. Src activation enhances the permeability of microglial gap junctions promoting the release of glutamate during hypoxia. Preventing the hypoxia-triggered redox imbalance, using the dietary antioxidants neochlorogenic acid or vitamin C, inhibits InsP3-dependent Ca2+ signaling and abrogates the release of glutamate. Overall, modulating microglial Ca2+ signaling in response to changes in the redox microenvironment might be critical for controlling glutamate excitotoxicity during hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Socodato
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC) and The Discoveries Centre for Regeneration and Precision Medicine - Porto campus, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Camila C Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC) and The Discoveries Centre for Regeneration and Precision Medicine - Porto campus, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Artur Rodrigues
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC) and The Discoveries Centre for Regeneration and Precision Medicine - Porto campus, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Henriques
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC) and The Discoveries Centre for Regeneration and Precision Medicine - Porto campus, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Rodrigues
- Diverge, Grupo Nabeiro Innovation Center, Alameda dos Oceanos 65, 1.1, 1900-208 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Figueira
- Diverge, Grupo Nabeiro Innovation Center, Alameda dos Oceanos 65, 1.1, 1900-208 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João B Relvas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC) and The Discoveries Centre for Regeneration and Precision Medicine - Porto campus, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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26
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Feresin RG, Huang J, Klarich DS, Zhao Y, Pourafshar S, Arjmandi BH, Salazar G. Blackberry, raspberry and black raspberry polyphenol extracts attenuate angiotensin II-induced senescence in vascular smooth muscle cells. Food Funct 2018; 7:4175-4187. [PMID: 27506987 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00743k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Activation of angiotensin II (Ang II) signaling during aging increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to vascular senescence, a process linked to the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Consumption of fruits and vegetables, particularly berries, is associated with decreased incidence of CVD, which has mainly been attributed to the polyphenol content of these foods. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the role of blackberry (BL), raspberry (RB), and black raspberry (BRB) polyphenol extracts in attenuating Ang II-induced senescence in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and to determine the molecular mechanisms involved. BL, RB and BRB polyphenol extracts (200 μg ml-1) attenuated Ang II-induced senescence, denoted by decreased number of cells positive for senescence associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) and down-regulation of p21 and p53 expression, which were associated with decreased ROS levels and Ang II signaling. BL polyphenol extract increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 expression, attenuated the up-regulation of Nox1 expression and the phosphorylation of Akt, p38MAPK and ERK1/2 induced by Ang II, and reduced senescence in response to Nox1 overexpression. In contrast, RB and BRB polyphenol extracts up-regulated the expression of SOD1, SOD2, and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), but exerted no effect on Nox1 expression nor on senescence induced by Nox1 overexpression. BRB reduced signaling similar to BL, while RB was unable to reduce Akt phosphorylation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that inhibition of Akt, p38MAPK and ERK1/2 as well as down-regulation of Nox1 by siRNA prevented senescence induced by Ang II. Our findings indicate that Ang II-induced senescence is attenuated by BL polyphenols through a Nox1-dependent mechanism and by RB and BRB polyphenols in a Nox1-independent manner, likely by increasing the cellular antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela G Feresin
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA. and Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Jingwen Huang
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - DawnKylee S Klarich
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Yitong Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Shirin Pourafshar
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA. and Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging (CAENRA), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Bahram H Arjmandi
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA. and Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging (CAENRA), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Gloria Salazar
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA. and Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging (CAENRA), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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Barbosa EA, Oliveira A, Plácido A, Socodato R, Portugal CC, Mafud AC, Ombredane AS, Moreira DC, Vale N, Bessa LJ, Joanitti GA, Alves C, Gomes P, Delerue-Matos C, Mascarenhas YP, Marani MM, Relvas JB, Pintado M, Leite JRSA. Structure and function of a novel antioxidant peptide from the skin of tropical frogs. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 115:68-79. [PMID: 29162516 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The amphibian skin plays an important role protecting the organism from external harmful factors such as microorganisms or UV radiation. Based on biorational strategies, many studies have investigated the cutaneous secretion of anurans as a source of bioactive molecules. By a peptidomic approach, a novel antioxidant peptide (AOP) with in vitro free radical scavenging ability was isolated from Physalaemus nattereri. The AOP, named antioxidin-I, has a molecular weight [M+H]+ = 1543.69Da and a TWYFITPYIPDK primary amino acid sequence. The gene encoding the antioxidin-I precursor was expressed in the skin tissue of three other Tropical frog species: Phyllomedusa tarsius, P. distincta and Pithecopus rohdei. cDNA sequencing revealed highly homologous regions (signal peptide and acidic region). Mature antioxidin-I has a novel primary sequence with low similarity compared with previously described amphibian's AOPs. Antioxidin-I adopts a random structure even at high concentrations of hydrophobic solvent, it has poor antimicrobial activity and poor performance in free radical scavenging assays in vitro, with the exception of the ORAC assay. However, antioxidin-I presented a low cytotoxicity and suppressed menadione-induced redox imbalance when tested with fibroblast in culture. In addition, it had the capacity to substantially attenuate the hypoxia-induced production of reactive oxygen species when tested in hypoxia exposed living microglial cells, suggesting a potential neuroprotective role for this peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eder Alves Barbosa
- Laboratório de Espectrometria de Massa, EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, Brazil; Laboratório de Síntese e Análise de Biomoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ana Oliveira
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, CBQF, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital Apartado, 2511, Asprela, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Plácido
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, GRAQ, Instituto Superior de Engenha do Porto, ISEP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Renato Socodato
- Glial Cell Biology Lab, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Camila C Portugal
- Glial Cell Biology Lab, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Carolina Mafud
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, IFSC, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Dept Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel 4051, Switzerland
| | - Alicia S Ombredane
- Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Daniel C Moreira
- Área de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Nuno Vale
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucinda J Bessa
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Graziella A Joanitti
- Laboratório de Nanobiotecnologia, Instituto de Biologia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Campus Ceilândia, Centro Metropolitano, UnB, Ceilândia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Alves
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Gomes
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Mariela M Marani
- IPEEC-CONICET, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - João B Relvas
- Glial Cell Biology Lab, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, CBQF, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital Apartado, 2511, Asprela, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Roberto S A Leite
- Glial Cell Biology Lab, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Área de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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28
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Microglia and alcohol meet at the crossroads: Microglia as critical modulators of alcohol neurotoxicity. Toxicol Lett 2018; 283:21-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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29
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Mishra PS, Vijayalakshmi K, Nalini A, Sathyaprabha TN, Kramer BW, Alladi PA, Raju TR. Etiogenic factors present in the cerebrospinal fluid from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients induce predominantly pro-inflammatory responses in microglia. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:251. [PMID: 29246232 PMCID: PMC5732516 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-1028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microglial cell-associated neuroinflammation is considered as a potential contributor to the pathophysiology of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the specific role of microglia in the disease pathogenesis remains to be elucidated. Methods We studied the activation profiles of the microglial cultures exposed to the cerebrospinal fluid from these patients which recapitulates the neurodegeneration seen in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This was done by investigating the morphological and functional changes including the expression levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-10, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), arginase, and trophic factors. We also studied the effect of chitotriosidase, the inflammatory protein found upregulated in the cerebrospinal fluid from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients, on these cultures. Results We report that the cerebrospinal fluid from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients could induce an early and potent response in the form of microglial activation, skewed primarily towards a pro-inflammatory profile. It was seen in the form of upregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and factors including IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, COX-2, and PGE2. Concomitantly, a downregulation of beneficial trophic factors and anti-inflammatory markers including VEGF, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, and IFN-γ was seen. In addition, chitotriosidase-1 appeared to act specifically via the microglial cells. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that the cerebrospinal fluid from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients holds enough cues to induce microglial inflammatory processes as an early event, which may contribute to the neurodegeneration seen in the sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These findings highlight the dynamic role of microglial cells in the pathogenesis of the disease, thus suggesting the need for a multidimensional and temporally guarded therapeutic approach targeting the inflammatory pathways for its treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-017-1028-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja-Shree Mishra
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India.,Present Address: Centre de Recherche CERVO, Quebec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - K Vijayalakshmi
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - A Nalini
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - T N Sathyaprabha
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - B W Kramer
- School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht Universitair Medisch Centrum, Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands
| | - Phalguni Anand Alladi
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - T R Raju
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India.
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30
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A Ser75-to-Asp phospho-mimicking mutation in Src accelerates ageing-related loss of retinal ganglion cells in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16779. [PMID: 29196663 PMCID: PMC5711949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Src knockout mice show no detectable abnormalities in central nervous system (CNS) post-mitotic neurons, likely reflecting functional compensation by other Src family kinases. Cdk1- or Cdk5-dependent Ser75 phosphorylation in the amino-terminal Unique domain of Src, which shares no homology with other Src family kinases, regulates the stability of active Src. To clarify the roles of Src Ser75 phosphorylation in CNS neurons, we established two types of mutant mice with mutations in Src: phospho-mimicking Ser75Asp (SD) and non-phosphorylatable Ser75Ala (SA). In ageing SD/SD mice, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) number in whole retinas was significantly lower than that in young SD/SD mice in the absence of inflammation and elevated intraocular pressure, resembling the pathogenesis of progressive optic neuropathy. By contrast, SA/SA mice and wild-type (WT) mice exhibited no age-related RGC loss. The age-related retinal RGC number reduction was greater in the peripheral rather than the mid-peripheral region of the retina in SD/SD mice. Furthermore, Rho-associated kinase activity in whole retinas of ageing SD/SD mice was significantly higher than that in young SD/SD mice. These results suggest that Src regulates RGC survival during ageing in a manner that depends on Ser75 phosphorylation.
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31
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Portugal CC, Socodato R, Canedo T, Silva CM, Martins T, Coreixas VSM, Loiola EC, Gess B, Röhr D, Santiago AR, Young P, Minshall RD, Paes-de-Carvalho R, Ambrósio AF, Relvas JB. Caveolin-1-mediated internalization of the vitamin C transporter SVCT2 in microglia triggers an inflammatory phenotype. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/472/eaal2005. [PMID: 28351945 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aal2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin C is essential for the development and function of the central nervous system (CNS). The plasma membrane sodium-vitamin C cotransporter 2 (SVCT2) is the primary mediator of vitamin C uptake in neurons. SVCT2 specifically transports ascorbate, the reduced form of vitamin C, which acts as a reducing agent. We demonstrated that ascorbate uptake through SVCT2 was critical for the homeostasis of microglia, the resident myeloid cells of the CNS that are essential for proper functioning of the nervous tissue. We found that depletion of SVCT2 from the plasma membrane triggered a proinflammatory phenotype in microglia and resulted in microglia activation. Src-mediated phosphorylation of caveolin-1 on Tyr14 in microglia induced the internalization of SVCT2. Ascorbate treatment, SVCT2 overexpression, or blocking SVCT2 internalization prevented the activation of microglia. Overall, our work demonstrates the importance of the ascorbate transport system for microglial homeostasis and hints that dysregulation of ascorbate transport might play a role in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila C Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Renato Socodato
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Canedo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cátia M Silva
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Martins
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI) Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vivian S M Coreixas
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Rua Outeiro São João Batista, 24020-971 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Erick C Loiola
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Rua Outeiro São João Batista, 24020-971 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Burkhard Gess
- Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany.,Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dominik Röhr
- Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Ana R Santiago
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI) Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Peter Young
- Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology and Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Roberto Paes-de-Carvalho
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Rua Outeiro São João Batista, 24020-971 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - António F Ambrósio
- Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (CNC.IBILI) Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João B Relvas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde and Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
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32
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Dopamine promotes NMDA receptor hypofunction in the retina through D 1 receptor-mediated Csk activation, Src inhibition and decrease of GluN2B phosphorylation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40912. [PMID: 28098256 PMCID: PMC5241882 DOI: 10.1038/srep40912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine and glutamate are critical neurotransmitters involved in light-induced synaptic activity in the retina. In brain neurons, dopamine D1 receptors (D1Rs) and the cytosolic protein tyrosine kinase Src can, independently, modulate the behavior of NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs). Here we studied the interplay between D1Rs, Src and NMDARs in retinal neurons. We reveal that dopamine-mediated D1R stimulation provoked NMDAR hypofunction in retinal neurons by attenuating NMDA-gated currents, by preventing NMDA-elicited calcium mobilization and by decreasing the phosphorylation of NMDAR subunit GluN2B. This dopamine effect was dependent on upregulation of the canonical D1R/adenylyl cyclase/cAMP/PKA pathway, of PKA-induced activation of C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) and of Src inhibition. Accordingly, knocking down Csk or overexpressing a Csk phosphoresistant Src mutant abrogated the dopamine-induced NMDAR hypofunction. Overall, the interplay between dopamine and NMDAR hypofunction, through the D1R/Csk/Src/GluN2B pathway, might impact on light-regulated synaptic activity in retinal neurons.
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Figueira I, Menezes R, Macedo D, Costa I, Nunes dos Santos C. Polyphenols Beyond Barriers: A Glimpse into the Brain. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:562-594. [PMID: 27784225 PMCID: PMC5543676 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666161026151545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ageing can be simply defined as the process of becoming older, which is genetically determined but also environmentally modulated. With the continuous increase of life expectancy, quality of life during ageing has become one of the biggest challenges of developed countries. The quest for a healthy ageing has led to the extensive study of plant polyphenols with the aim to prevent age-associated deterioration and diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. The world of polyphenols has fascinated researchers over the past decades, and in vitro, cell-based, animal and human studies have attempted to unravel the mechanisms behind dietary polyphenols neuroprotection. METHODS In this review, we compiled some of the extensive and ever-growing research in the field, highlighting some of the most recent trends in the area. RESULTS The main findings regarding polypolyphenols neuroprotective potential performed using in vitro, cellular and animal studies, as well as human trials are covered in this review. Concepts like bioavailability, polyphenols biotransformation, transport of dietary polyphenols across barriers, including the blood-brain barrier, are here explored. CONCLUSION The diversity and holistic properties of polypolyphenol present them as an attractive alternative for the treatment of multifactorial diseases, where a multitude of cellular pathways are disrupted. The underlying mechanisms of polypolyphenols for nutrition or therapeutic applications must be further consolidated, however there is strong evidence of their beneficial impact on brain function during ageing. Nevertheless, only the tip of the iceberg of nutritional and pharmacological potential of dietary polyphenols is hitherto understood and further research needs to be done to fill the gaps in pursuing a healthy ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Figueira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras
| | - Regina Menezes
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras
| | - Diana Macedo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras
| | - Inês Costa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras
| | - Cláudia Nunes dos Santos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras
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Coelho-Santos V, Socodato R, Portugal C, Leitão RA, Rito M, Barbosa M, Couraud PO, Romero IA, Weksler B, Minshall RD, Fontes-Ribeiro C, Summavielle T, Relvas JB, Silva AP. Methylphenidate-triggered ROS generation promotes caveolae-mediated transcytosis via Rac1 signaling and c-Src-dependent caveolin-1 phosphorylation in human brain endothelial cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4701-4716. [PMID: 27376435 PMCID: PMC11108272 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH) is an amphetamine-like stimulant commonly prescribed for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Despite its widespread use, the cellular/molecular effects of MPH remain elusive. Here, we report a novel direct role of MPH on the regulation of macromolecular flux through human brain endothelial cells (ECs). MPH significantly increased caveolae-mediated transcytosis of horseradish peroxidase through ECs without affecting paracellular permeability. Using FRET-based live cell imaging, together with pharmacological inhibitors and lentiviral-mediated shRNA knockdown, we demonstrate that MPH promoted ROS generation via activation of Rac1-dependent NADPH oxidase (NOX) and c-Src activation at the plasma membrane. c-Src in turn was shown to mediate the phosphorylation of caveolin-1 (Cav1) on Tyr14 leading to enhanced caveolae formation and transendothelial transport. Accordingly, the inhibition of Cav1 phosphorylation by overexpression of a phosphodefective Cav1Y14F mutant or knocking down Cav1 expression abrogated MPH-induced transcytosis. In addition, both vitamin C and inhibition of NOX blocked MPH-triggered vesicular transport. This study, therefore, identifies Rac1/NOX/c-Src-dependent signaling in MPH-induced increase in transendothelial permeability of brain endothelial cell monolayers via caveolae-mediated transcytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Coelho-Santos
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Renato Socodato
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Camila Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo A Leitão
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuel Rito
- Neurosurgery Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marcos Barbosa
- Neurosurgery Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pierre-Olivier Couraud
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ignacio A Romero
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Babette Weksler
- Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard D Minshall
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carlos Fontes-Ribeiro
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Summavielle
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João B Relvas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana P Silva
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Li M, Xue S, Tan S, Qin X, Gu M, Wang D, Zhang Y, Guo L, Huang F, Yao Y, Zhou Z, Fan S, Huang C. Crabapple fruit extracts lower hypercholesterolaemia in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Mishra PS, Dhull DK, Nalini A, Vijayalakshmi K, Sathyaprabha TN, Alladi PA, Raju TR. Astroglia acquires a toxic neuroinflammatory role in response to the cerebrospinal fluid from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:212. [PMID: 27578023 PMCID: PMC5006495 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0698-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-cell autonomous toxicity is one of the potential mechanisms implicated in the etiopathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the exact role of glial cells in ALS pathology is yet to be fully understood. In a cellular model recapitulating the pathology of sporadic ALS, we have studied the inflammatory response of astroglia following exposure to the cerebrospinal fluid from ALS patients (ALS-CSF). Methods Various inflammatory markers including pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, COX-2, PGE-2, trophic factors, glutamate, nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analyzed in the rat astroglial cultures exposed to ALS-CSF and compared with the disease control or normal controls. We used immunofluorescence, ELISA, and immunoblotting techniques to investigate the protein expression and real-time PCR to study the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. Glutamate, NO, and ROS were estimated using appropriate biochemical assays. Further, the effect of conditioned medium from the astroglial cultures exposed to ALS-CSF on NSC-34 motor neuronal cell line was detected using the MTT assay. Statistical analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test, or Student’s t test, as applicable. Results Here, we report that the ALS-CSF enhanced the production and release of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, as well as COX-2 and PGE-2. Concomitantly, anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and the beneficial trophic factors, namely VEGF and GDNF, were down-regulated. We also found impaired regulation of glutamate, NO, and ROS in the astroglial cultures treated with ALS-CSF. The conditioned medium from the ALS-CSF exposed astroglial cultures induced degeneration in NSC-34 cells. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that the astroglial cells contribute to the neuroinflammation-mediated neurodegeneration in the in vitro model of sporadic ALS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0698-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja-Shree Mishra
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India.,Present address: Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec (CRIUSMQ), Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Dinesh K Dhull
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India.,Present address: Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Center of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - A Nalini
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - K Vijayalakshmi
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - T N Sathyaprabha
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Phalguni Anand Alladi
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Trichur R Raju
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India. trraju.nimhans.@gmail.com
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