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Robertson MJ, Chambers C, Spanner EA, de Graaf SP, Rickard JP. The Assessment of Sperm DNA Integrity: Implications for Assisted Reproductive Technology Fertility Outcomes across Livestock Species. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:539. [PMID: 39056730 PMCID: PMC11273975 DOI: 10.3390/biology13070539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Sperm DNA integrity is increasingly considered a useful measure of semen quality in mammalian reproduction. However, the definition of DNA integrity, the ideal means by which it should be measured, and its predictive value for fertility remain a topic of much discussion. With an emphasis on livestock species, this review discusses the assays that have been developed to measure DNA integrity as well as their correlation with in vitro and in vivo fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jessica P. Rickard
- Faculty of Science, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (M.J.R.); (S.P.d.G.)
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Amrutesh Reddy A, Gopi Chander N, Ramesh Reddy J, Muthukumar B. Assessment of differences in stress markers of edentulous patients rehabilitated with complete dentures. Med J Armed Forces India 2024; 80:428-432. [PMID: 39071756 PMCID: PMC11279717 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Biomarkers can aid in determining the success of complete denture. Fewer studies evaluated the biomarkers in edentulous patients. This can aid in planning of better qualitative care for edentulous patients. The study compared the quantities of nitric oxide (NO), salivary alpha amylase (SAA) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) before and after denture insertion in complete denture patients. Methods The study involved 25 edentulous patients. The saliva samples were obtained from patients prior, 1 h, and 1 week after denture insertion. Standardized procedure was followed in sample management, transportation and storing. The investigations varied with the biomarkers. SAA was estimated by enzymatic assay. TBARS by lipid peroxidation and NO was assessed by Griess reaction. The obtained data were tabled and statistically analyzed. Results The results displayed variation in the level of markers between before and after denture insertion. The mean levels of SAA decreased from 8.26 ± 1.32 nm/ml to 3.44 ± 1.25 nm/ml in following denture insertion. The mean of TBARS and NO increased after denture insertion to 14.33 ± 4.72 nm/ml and NO 22.92 ± 5.79 ng/ml. The results were statistically significant with p < 0.05. Conclusion The study concluded that denture insertion decreased the levels of psychological stress marker (SAA) and increased the Oxidative stress marker (TBARS, NO).
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Angjelova A, Jovanova E, Polizzi A, Laganà L, Santonocito S, Ragusa R, Isola G. Impact of Periodontitis on Endothelial Risk Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress Improvement in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3781. [PMID: 38999345 PMCID: PMC11242897 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease that affects the periodontium and overall oral health and is primarily caused by a dysbiotic gingival biofilm, which includes, among others, Gram-negative bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Tannerella forsythensis that colonize gingival tissues and that can lead, if not properly treated, to periodontal tissue destruction and tooth loss. In the last few decades, several large-scale epidemiological studies have evidenced that mild and severe forms of periodontitis are strictly bilaterally associated with several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), stroke, and endothelial dysfunction. Specifically, it is hypothesized that patients with severe periodontitis would have compromised endothelial function, a crucial step in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and several CVD forms. In this regard, it was postulated that periodontal treatment would ameliorate endothelial dysfunction, hence bolstering the notion that therapeutic approaches targeted at diminishing cardiovascular risk factors and different forms of periodontal treatment could improve several CVD biomarker outcomes in the short- and long-term in CVD patients. The aim of this review is to update and analyze the link between periodontitis and CVD, focusing on the inflammatory nature of periodontitis and its correlation with CVD, the effects of periodontal therapy on endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress, and the impact of such therapy on CVD biomarkers and outcomes. The article also discusses future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Angjelova
- University Dental Clinical Center St. Pantelejmon, Skopje, Faculty of Dentistry, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Elena Jovanova
- University Dental Clinical Center St. Pantelejmon, Skopje, Faculty of Dentistry, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Ludovica Laganà
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Simona Santonocito
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalia Ragusa
- Health Direction of Policlinic Hospital, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
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Ovchinnikov AN, Paoli A. Saliva as a Diagnostic Tool for Early Detection of Exercise-Induced Oxidative Damage in Female Athletes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1006. [PMID: 38790968 PMCID: PMC11118847 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Although blood still remains the most commonly utilized medium to detect increased levels of oxidative damage induced by exercise, saliva diagnostics have gained increasing popularity due to their non-invasive nature and athlete-friendly collection process. Given that the contribution of various phases of the menstrual cycle to the levels of oxidative damage may differ, the aim of this study was to evaluate an agreement between salivary and plasmatic levels of lipid peroxidation products in female swimmers in both the follicular (F) and luteal (L) phases of the menstrual cycle at rest and following exercise. Twelve well-trained female swimmers aged 19.6 ± 1.1 years old were examined. We measured diene conjugates (DCs), triene conjugates (TCs), and Schiff bases (SBs) in lipids immediately after their extraction from both saliva and blood plasma. All female swimmers were studied two times each, in the two different phases of one menstrual cycle, before and after high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Salivary and plasmatic levels of DCs, TCs, and SBs significantly increased post-exercise compared to pre-exercise, in both the F and L phases. A high positive correlation was observed between the concentrations of DCs, TCs, and SBs in the saliva and blood plasma of participants in the F and L phases, both at rest and following HIIE. Ordinary least products regression analysis indicates that there was no proportional and differential bias in the data. The Bland-Altman method also declares that there was no differential bias, since the line of equality was within the 95% confidence interval of the mean difference between salivary and plasmatic levels of DCs, TCs, and SBs in female swimmers, in both the F and L phases, before and after HIIE. There was also no proportional bias in the Bland-Altman plots. Thus, this is the first study to report a high agreement between the quantifications of DCs, TCs, and SBs in the saliva and blood plasma of female swimmers in both the F and L phases, at rest and following HIIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr N. Ovchinnikov
- Laboratory of Non-Invasive Diagnostics in Sports, Department of Sports Medicine and Psychology, Lobachevsky University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy;
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Nocella C, D’Amico A, Cangemi R, Fossati C, Pigozzi F, Mannacio E, Cammisotto V, Bartimoccia S, Castellani V, Sarto G, Simeone B, Rocco E, Frati G, Sciarretta S, Pignatelli P, Carnevale R. NOX2 as a Biomarker of Academic Performance: Evidence from University Students during Examination. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:551. [PMID: 38790656 PMCID: PMC11118804 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cortisol levels, oxidative stress, and lower cerebral performance seem to be closely related. This study aimed to evaluate the question of whether exam stress affected oxidative stress and endothelial function parameters in the salivary samples of students. METHODS A total of 114 healthy students were recruited. All students were subjected to a 21-item DASS questionnaire to assess perceived stress. Cortisol levels, biomarkers of oxidative stress, and endothelial function were evaluated at T0, during the semester, and T1, in the morning before the exam, in saliva samples. In vitro, HUVECs were stimulated with cortisol, and oxidative stress and endothelial function parameters were evaluated. RESULTS At T1, cortisol levels were significantly increased compared with the levels during the semester. Moreover, exam results correlated inversely with the DASS score at T1. In addition, NOX2, H2O2 and endothelin-1 significantly increased, while NO bioavailability decreased. In vitro, HUVECs treatment with human cortisol determined the increase of oxidative stress and the decrease of endothelial function, in association with impaired eNOS phosphorylation. CONCLUSION NOX2-mediated oxidative stress is a mechanism that could mediate cortisol-induced transient endothelial dysfunction during academic examination. Therefore, strategies to monitor or modulate oxidative stress could help students to reduce the impact of examination-related stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Nocella
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Alessandra D’Amico
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (A.D.); (S.B.); (G.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Roberto Cangemi
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Chiara Fossati
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (F.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Fabio Pigozzi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (F.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Elena Mannacio
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (F.P.); (E.M.)
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Simona Bartimoccia
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (A.D.); (S.B.); (G.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Valentina Castellani
- Department of General and Specialistic Surgery “Paride Stefanini”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gianmarco Sarto
- Cardiology Division, ICOT, University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (G.S.); (B.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Beatrice Simeone
- Cardiology Division, ICOT, University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (G.S.); (B.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Erica Rocco
- Cardiology Division, ICOT, University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (G.S.); (B.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (A.D.); (S.B.); (G.F.); (S.S.)
- IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (A.D.); (S.B.); (G.F.); (S.S.)
- IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (P.P.)
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (A.D.); (S.B.); (G.F.); (S.S.)
- IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - SMiLe Group
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Course E, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy;
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Korolev VA, Felker EV, Yachmeneva LA, Babkina LA, Azarova YA, Churilin MI, Milova AI. Dynamics of the content of reactive oxygen species and the state of the glutathione system in the oral cavity during subchronic intoxication wuth the fungicide thiram and its antioxidant correction. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2024; 70:73-82. [PMID: 38711406 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20247002073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Thiram is a dithiocarbamate derivative, which is used as a fungicide for seed dressing and spraying during the vegetation period of plants, and also as an active vulcanization accelerator in the production of rubber-based rubber products. In this study the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the state of the glutathione system have been investigated in the oral fluid and gum tissues of adult male Wistar rats treated with thiram for 28 days during its administration with food at a dose of 1/50 LD50. Thiram induced formation of ROS in the oral cavity; this was accompanied by an imbalance in the ratio of reduced and oxidized forms of glutathione due to a decrease in glutathione and an increase in its oxidized form as compared to the control. Thiram administration caused an increase in the activity of glutathione-dependent enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase, and glutathione reductase). However, the time-course of enzyme activation in the gum tissues and oral fluid varied in dependence on the time of exposure to thiram. In the oral fluid of thiram-treated rats changes in the antioxidant glutathione system appeared earlier. The standard diet did not allow the glutathione pool to be fully restored to physiological levels after cessation of thiram intake. The use of exogenous antioxidants resviratrol and an Echinacea purpurea extract led to the restoration of redox homeostasis in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Korolev
- Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
| | - E V Felker
- Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
| | | | - L A Babkina
- Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
| | - Y A Azarova
- Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
| | | | - A I Milova
- Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
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Diab R, Choufani A, Dagher J, Chahine N. The Influence of Circadian Rhythm on the Antioxidant Capacity of Saliva in Periodontal Diseases. Cureus 2024; 16:e56174. [PMID: 38618333 PMCID: PMC11015908 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Saliva has a powerful antioxidant activity proposing that it might have a protective role in the oral cavity. It is yet unclear, how circadian rhythm might affect this activity. Objective The main goal of this study was to compare the antioxidant status of saliva in patients with periodontal diseases (PD) to that of healthy people on a diurnal basis. Material and methods A total of 18 periodontal healthy individuals and 18 patients with chronic periodontitis were chosen. Samples of saliva were collected in the morning between 6:00 and 8:00 and in the evening between 6:00 and 8:00 (both stimulated and non-stimulated). The amount of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant status (TAS) in the salivary samples were analyzed, and its flow was also assessed. In addition, the scavenging capacity of saliva was tested in three systems generating oxygen free radicals. Results Results showed that GSH and TAS concentrations in the evening saliva of healthy subjects were significantly higher than those in the morning saliva, while MDA levels decreased (p<0.05). Conversely, there was no significant increase in GSH and TAS levels in the evening saliva of subjects with PD, and lipid peroxidation remained constant. On the other hand, the evening saliva of healthy subjects but not of subjects with PD was significantly more potent in scavenging free radicals in vitro than the morning saliva, especially for the superoxide (O2.-) radical (p<0.05). Moreover, scavenging activity was higher in stimulated than non-stimulated saliva. This activity was higher in evening saliva compared to the morning one and greater in healthy subjects compared to patients with PD (p<0.05). Conclusion A balance exists between oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanisms to maintain homeostasis in the oral cavity. This balance is deregulated in patients with PD as their saliva is unable to properly scavenge free radicals that might potentially increase over the day. Antioxidant supplements may be used in accordance with the circadian rhythm to minimize oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa Diab
- Faculty of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, LBN
| | | | - Jihad Dagher
- Faculty of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, LBN
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Mohamed RK, Elsayed NM, Mahmoud SA, Gaweesh YY. Photobiomodulation versus corticosteroid in the management of erosive oral lichen planus: a randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:246. [PMID: 38365694 PMCID: PMC10873933 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03976-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic illness of immune origin that is typically treated with corticosteroids as a gold standard therapy. Photobiomodulation (PBM) may represent an alternative remedy that has the potential to treat a variety of pathological conditions by alleviating pain, reducing inflammation, and promoting tissue healing without the drawbacks of steroid therapies. Thus, the aim of the current study was to compare the effect of photobiomodulation to topical 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide on erosive oral lichen planus. METHODS This randomized controlled clinical trial involved 44 patients complaining of erosive oral lichen planus. Patients were assigned to one of two groups: control group (n = 22) received 0.1% topical triamcinolone acetonide three times daily with miconazole oral gel once daily for 4 weeks, and photobiomodulation group (n = 22) received laser therapy by 980 nm diode laser utilizing output power 300 mW twice weekly for 5 weeks (a total of 10 sessions). The evaluation of patients was performed at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks postoperatively in terms of pain, clinical scores, and biochemical evaluation of salivary malondialdehyde levels. All recorded data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test to compare the two studied groups regarding pain, lesion size, and salivary levels of malondialdehyde. Friedman test, followed by post hoc test, was used for comparison of the data within the same group along the 3 periods at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. RESULTS Both groups showed significant improvement in pain and clinical scores, with no statistical difference between them. Moreover, there was a significant improvement in salivary malondialdehyde levels for both groups, with no significant difference between them. CONCLUSIONS Photobiomodulation could be a promising therapeutic modality for management of erosive oral lichen planus without the side effects of steroid therapy. The salivary malondialdehyde level could be used as a biomarker to evaluate the disease severity and its response to the treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05951361) (19/07/2023).
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Kamal Mohamed
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Oral Medicine, Periodontology and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champollion St., Azarita, Alexandria Governorate, 21527, Egypt.
| | - Naguiba Mahmoud Elsayed
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Oral Medicine, Periodontology and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champollion St., Azarita, Alexandria Governorate, 21527, Egypt
| | - Sabah Abdelhady Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Champollion street،, Al Mesallah Sharq, Al Attarin, Alexandria, Alexandria Governorate, 21568, Egypt
| | - Yasmine Youssri Gaweesh
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Oral Medicine, Periodontology and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champollion St., Azarita, Alexandria Governorate, 21527, Egypt
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Xu M, Zhang C, Han Y, Zhang J, Chang X, Hou J, Li S. TNF-α promotes expression of inflammatory factors by upregulating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-2 expression in human gingival fibroblasts. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:211-219. [PMID: 38303789 PMCID: PMC10829565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease. The oxidative stress environment can cause or exacerbate the inflammation in periodontitis. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) may be the most important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in periodontal tissues. The pathological mechanism of periodontitis may be related to the increased ROS caused by enhanced NOX activity. The purpose was to investigate the effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) on inflammatory cytokines and ROS, and the role of NOX-2 in human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Materials and methods HGFs were cultured and divided into the normal control group (NC group) and the inflammatory model group (TNF-α group) induced by 10 ng/ml TNF-α. Thereafter, NOX-2 siRNA was used to knock down NOX-2 gene expression. Quantitative real-time PCR was applied to detect IL-6, MCP-1, and NOX-2 mRNA levels. The levels of IL-6 and MCP-1 protein were examined by ELISA. The level of NOX-2 was evaluated by Western blot. ROS expression was measured by the fluorescence microplate. Results The mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-6, MCP-1, and NOX-2 were significantly increased, and the expression of ROS was significantly elevated in response to 10 ng/ml TNF-α. Compared with the si-NC group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-6 and MCP-1 were significantly down-regulated and ROS expression was significantly decreased in the si-NOX2 group stimulated by 10 ng/ml TNF-α. Conclusion TNF-α promotes the expression of NOX-2 in human gingival fibroblasts and enhances the expression of inflammatory factors and ROS in human gingival fibroblasts through the upregulation of NOX-2 partly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- Department of Periodontology, National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Churen Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ye Han
- Department of Periodontology, National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochi Chang
- Department of Periodontology, National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxia Hou
- Department of Periodontology, National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Sha Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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González-Arostegui LG, Cerón JJ, Gök G, Neselioglu S, Erel O, Rubio CP. Validation of assays for measurement of oxidant compounds in saliva of pigs: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), carbonyl, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Res Vet Sci 2023; 165:105069. [PMID: 37951004 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), carbonyls and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are oxidant compounds that can provide useful information on the oxidative status. Pigs can be affected by oxidative stress in different situations including physiological conditions such as lactation and also in different diseases, and the measurement of these three analytes in saliva could be potentially useful as biomarkers of the redox status in this species. Assays for the measurement of TBARS and carbonyls by spectrophotometry and ROS by luminol-based chemiluminescence in pigs' saliva were analytically validated and were applied in saliva of pigs after an in vitro incubation with different doses of ascorbic acid (AA). All the assays showed a satisfactory analytical precision and accuracy. The 240 h-incubation of saliva samples with 60 mM of AA induced to an increased TBARS and carbonyls production. TBARS, carbonyls and ROS can be estimated in saliva of pigs by the assays validated in this report. In addition, these assays can detect changes in the concentration of these analytes associated to incubation of saliva samples with AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G González-Arostegui
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - J J Cerón
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain
| | - G Gök
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yildrim Bezayit University, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - S Neselioglu
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yildrim Bezayit University, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - O Erel
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yildrim Bezayit University, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - C P Rubio
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, Murcia 30100, Spain; Department of Animal and Food Science, School of Veterinary Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona 08193, Spain.
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11
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Çalışkan C, Durmuş B, Yıldırım HS, Demir F, Sözeri B. Comparison of Oral Health and Salivary Biomarkers in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Healthy Individuals. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:1808-1816. [PMID: 38158346 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_169_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM This study examines the effects of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) on the oral health and detectability of inflammatory biomarkers IL-17, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and total antioxidant status (TAS) in the saliva of children with JIA. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study included 117 participants (39 patients with JIA and 78 systemically healthy subjects aged 8-12 years). Demographic data, responses to an oral health-related questionnaire, saliva samples, periodontal parameters [plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and bleeding on probing (BOP)] and dental recordings [facial profile (FP) and dental occlusion relationship (DOR)] were obtained. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to determine the levels of salivary IL-17, TNF-α and TAS. RESULTS The Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) index, FP and DOR distributions did not change between groups (P > 0.05). JIA patients had more temporomandibular joint (TMJ) discomfort than gingivitis patients and healthy subjects (P < 0.05). JIA patients had greater salivary IL-17 levels than healthy subjects (P < 0.05). The healthy group's TAS was higher than that of the JIA and gingivitis groups (P < 0.05). Saliva TNF-α levels were similar between groups (P > 0.05). PI, GI, BOP and TNF-α were positively associated with salivary IL-17 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Elevated salivary IL-17 and TAS levels could be used as biological markers for discriminating the clinical health status of children with JIA and gingivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Çalışkan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul
| | - B Durmuş
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul
| | - H S Yıldırım
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul
| | - F Demir
- University of Health Sciences, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Sözeri
- University of Health Sciences, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Goldoni R, Thomaz DV, Strambini L, Tumedei M, Dongiovanni P, Isola G, Tartaglia G. Quality-by-Design R&D of a Novel Nanozyme-Based Sensor for Saliva Antioxidant Capacity Evaluation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051120. [PMID: 37237985 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the main causes of cell damage, leading to the onset of several diseases, and antioxidants represent a barrier against the production of reactive species. Saliva is receiving increasing interest as a promising biofluid to study the onset of diseases and assess the overall health status of an individual. The antioxidant capacity of saliva can be a useful indicator of the health status of the oral cavity, and it is nowadays evaluated mainly through spectroscopic methods that rely on benchtop machines and liquid reagents. We developed a low-cost screen-printed sensor based on cerium oxide nanoparticles that can be used to assess the antioxidant capacity of biofluids as an alternative to traditional methods. The sensor development process was investigated via a quality-by-design approach to identify the most critical parameters of the process for further optimization. The sensor was tested in the detection of ascorbic acid, which is used as an equivalent in the assessment of overall antioxidant capacity. The LoDs ranged from 0.1147 to 0.3528 mM, while the recoveries varied from 80% to 121.1%, being therefore comparable with those of the golden standard SAT test, whose recovery value was 96.3%. Therefore, the sensor achieved a satisfactory sensitivity and linearity in the range of clinical interest for saliva and was validated against the state-of-the-art equipment for antioxidant capacity evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Goldoni
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico Di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- CNR-Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell'Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Douglas Vieira Thomaz
- National Enterprise for NanoScience and NanoTechnology (NEST), Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucanos Strambini
- CNR-Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell'Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Margherita Tumedei
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy
- UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- Medicine and Metabolic Diseases Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tartaglia
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy
- UOC Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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13
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Simoura JADS, Pires ALPV, Alves LDB, Arsati F, Lima-Arsati YBDO, Santos JND, Freitas VS. Psychological profile and α-amylase levels in oral lichen planus patients: A case-control preliminary study. Oral Dis 2023; 29:1242-1249. [PMID: 34797946 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate psychological (anxiety, depression, and stress) and salivary (flow and concentration of α-amylase) profile associated with oral lichen planus. MATERIALS AND METHODS A case-control preliminary study with oral lichen planus patients and age-gender matched controls was conducted. The participants underwent psychological tests (Beck depression and anxiety inventories and perceived stress scale) and saliva collection to determine the unstimulated salivary flow and α-amylase levels at three moments along the day. The data were analyzed statistically using Mann-Whitney, McNemar chi-square and Friedman tests, and the Spearman correlation coefficient. The significance level adopted was 5%. RESULTS A total of 46 case-control pairs were recruited. There was a significant correlation between anxiety, depression, stress, and oral lichen planus, as well as the stress and decline of salivary α-amylase levels. Higher concentrations of this biomarker were found in the case group thirty minutes post-awakening. CONCLUSION The applied psychological tests indicated that factors such as anxiety, depression, and stress were associated with oral lichen planus. Salivary analyses demonstrated a higher concentration of α-amylase thirty minutes post-awakening on individuals with the disease and its decline correlated with stress, suggesting the role of α-amylase as a promising biomarker for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Franco Arsati
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Jean Nunes Dos Santos
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Valéria Souza Freitas
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
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14
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Urbizu A, Arnaldo L, Beyer K. Obtaining miRNA from Saliva-Comparison of Sampling and Purification Methods. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032386. [PMID: 36768706 PMCID: PMC9916721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of saliva as a biomarker source has advantages over other biofluids and imaging techniques, and miRNAs are ideal biomarker candidates. They are involved in numerous cellular processes, and their altered expression suggests that miRNAs play a crucial regulatory role in disease development. We wanted to find an easily reproducible and executable miRNA-obtaining methodology suitable for quantification. Three commercial miRNA extraction kits (mirVana, Nucleospin and miRNeasy) and three saliva collectors (50 mL tubes, Salimetrics and Oragene) were tested. Several features, including RNA quality and technical parameters, were evaluated. The expression of five synthetic spike-in controls and seven saliva-miRNAs was analyzed independently and grouped by the collectors and the extraction kits. The combination of Oragene and miRNeasy assured the most sensitive detection of all seven saliva miRNAs. Testing different combinations of saliva collectors and RNA purification kits permitted the establishment of combinations for different uses. The results of our study highlight that optimization of resources for biomarker studies is possible after careful planning of each study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aintzane Urbizu
- Department of Pathology, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Laura Arnaldo
- Department of Pathology, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katrin Beyer
- Department of Pathology, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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15
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Pre-Treatment Physical Activity Could Positively Influence Pregnancy Rates in IVF despite the Induced Oxidative Stress: A Cohort Study on Salivary 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081586. [PMID: 36009306 PMCID: PMC9405380 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study was designed to define whether pretreatment habitual physical activity (PA)-induced oxidative stress (OS) influences outcome measures by using 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in saliva samples of patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). (2) Method: In this cohort study, samples were obtained from 26 patients (age: 34.6 ± 5.5 years, BMI: 25.3 ± 5.1, infertility: 51.0 ± 28.7 months) before the treatment and a follow-up of outcome measures of IVF/ICSI. The 8-OHdG was evaluated by Abcam’s ELISA (ab201734), PA patterns by GPAQ-H and ActiGraph GT3X; (3) Results: The number of matured oocytes was positively influenced by the GPAQ-H recreation MET (R2 = 0.367, F = 10.994, p = 0.004; β = 0.005, p = 0.004, B Constant = 4.604) and a positive significant relationship (R2 = 0.757, F = 17.692, p < 0.001, B Constant = 1.342) was found with GPAQ-H recreational PA MET (β = 0.004, p < 0.001), and Grade 1 embryos and higher very vigorous activity (GT3X) were accompanied (R2 = 0.958, F = 408.479, p < 0.001) by higher ß-hCG levels (β = 63.703, p ≤ 0.001). Unanticipated positive correlation between 8-OHdG and ß-hCG level (R = 0.467, p = 0.028) was noticed, and there were significant differences in 8-OHdG in biochemical pregnancies (pregnant: 54.82 ± 35.56 ng/mL, non-pregnant: 30.06 ± 10.40 ng/mL, p = 0.022) as well. (4) Conclusions: Pretreatment PA could positively influence reproductive performance in IVF/ICSI despite the induced OS. However, a more sensitive biomarker and the recommended amount of activity should be further investigated.
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16
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Dos Santos JDMB, do Amaral JB, França CN, Monteiro FR, Alvares-Saraiva AM, Kalil S, Durigon EL, Oliveira DBL, Rodrigues SS, Heller D, Welter EAR, Pinho JRR, Vieira RP, Bachi ALL. Distinct Immunological Profiles Help in the Maintenance of Salivary Secretory IgA Production in Mild Symptoms COVID-19 Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:890887. [PMID: 35686128 PMCID: PMC9171398 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.890887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Relevant aspects regarding the SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and the systemic immune response to this infection have been reported. However, the mucosal immune response of the upper airways two months after SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with mild/moderate symptoms is still not completely described. Therefore, we investigated the immune/inflammatory responses of the mucosa of the upper airways of mild/moderate symptom COVID-19 patients two months after the SARS-CoV-2 infection in comparison to a control group composed of non-COVID-19 healthy individuals. Methods A cohort of 80 volunteers (age 37.2 ± 8.2), including non-COVID-19 healthy individuals (n=24) and COVID-19 patients (n=56) who presented mild/moderate symptoms during a COVID-19 outbreak in Brazil in November and December of 2020. Saliva samples were obtained two months after the COVID-19 diagnosis to assess the levels of SIgA by ELISA and the cytokines by multiplex analysis. Results Salivary levels of SIgA were detected in 39 volunteers into the COVID-19 group and, unexpectedly, in 14 volunteers in the control group. Based on this observation, we distributed the volunteers of the control group into without SIgA or with SIgA sub-groups, and COVID-19 group into without SIgA or with SIgA sub-groups. Individuals with SIgA showed higher levels of IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-γ, IL-12p70, IL-13, and IFN-α than those without SIgA. In intergroup analysis, the COVID-19 groups showed higher salivary levels of IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, and IFN-α than the control group. No statistical differences were verified in the salivary levels of IL-6 and IFN-β. Lower IL-12p70/IL-10 and IFN-γ/IL-10 ratios were found in the control group without SIgA than the control group with SIgA and the COVID-19 group with SIgA. Conclusion We were able to present, for the first time, that associations between distinct immunological profiles can help the mucosal immunity to maintain the salivary levels of SIgA in COVID-19 patients two months after the SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonatas Bussador do Amaral
- ENT Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology -Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Nunes França
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sandra Kalil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Ambiental e Experimental, Universidade Paulista - Unip, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Scientific Platform Pasteur, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle Bruna Leal Oliveira
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Albert Einstein Institute for Teaching and Research (IIEP), Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Sanches Rodrigues
- Albert Einstein Institute for Teaching and Research (IIEP), Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora Heller
- Albert Einstein Institute for Teaching and Research (IIEP), Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Cruzeiro Do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | | | - João Renato Rebello Pinho
- Albert Einstein Institute for Teaching and Research (IIEP), Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Gastroenterology (LIM07), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Clinical Laboratories (LIM 03), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo P Vieira
- Post-Graduation Program in Science of Human and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Unievangélica, Anápolis, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Bioengineering, Universidade Brasil, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Luis Lacerda Bachi
- ENT Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology -Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Ovchinnikov AN, Paoli A, Seleznev VV, Deryugina AV. Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation Products and Creatine Kinase in Blood Plasma and Saliva of Athletes at Rest and following Exercise. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113098. [PMID: 35683484 PMCID: PMC9181342 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the agreement between quantitative measurements of plasmatic and salivary biomarkers capable of identifying oxidative stress and muscle damage in athletes at rest and following exercise. Thirty-nine high-level athletes participating in track and field (running), swimming or rowing were recruited and assigned to one of three groups depending on the sport. Each athlete group underwent its specific exercise. Blood and saliva samples were collected before and immediately after the exercise. Diene conjugates (DC), triene conjugates (TC), Schiff bases (SB), and creatine kinase (CK) were measured. Comparisons were made using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Correlation analysis and Bland−Altman method were applied. DC levels were elevated in plasma (p < 0.01) and saliva (p < 0.01) in response to exercise in all three groups, as were the plasmatic (p < 0.01) and salivary (p < 0.01) TC and SB concentrations. CK activity was also significantly higher at postexercise compared to pre-exercise in both plasma (p < 0.01) and saliva (p < 0.01) in all groups. Strong positive correlation between salivary and plasmatic DC (p < 0.001), TC (p < 0.001), SB (p < 0.01), and CK (p < 0.001) was observed at rest and following exercise in each athlete group. The bias calculated for DC, TC, SB, and CK using the Bland−Altman statistics was not significant at both pre-exercise and postexercise in all three groups. The line of equality was within the confidence interval of the mean difference. All of the data points lay within the respective agreement limits. Salivary concentrations of DC, TC, SB, and CK are able to reliably reflect their plasma levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr N. Ovchinnikov
- Department of Sports Medicine and Psychology, Lobachevsky University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Laboratory of Integral Human Health, Lobachevsky University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.P.); (A.V.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Laboratory of Integral Human Health, Lobachevsky University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.P.); (A.V.D.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Vladislav V. Seleznev
- Department of Theory and Methodology of Sport Training, Lobachevsky University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia;
| | - Anna V. Deryugina
- Laboratory of Integral Human Health, Lobachevsky University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (A.P.); (A.V.D.)
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Lobachevsky University, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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Dysregulation of a Heme Oxygenase–Synuclein Axis in Parkinson Disease. NEUROSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/neurosci3020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein is a key driver of the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD). Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a stress protein that catalyzes the conversion of heme to biliverdin, carbon monoxide and free ferrous iron, is elevated in PD-affected neural tissues and promotes iron deposition and mitochondrial dysfunction in models of the disease, pathways also impacted by α-synuclein. Elevated expression of human HO-1 in astrocytes of GFAP.HMOX1 transgenic mice between 8.5 and 19 months of age elicits a parkinsonian phenotype characterized by nigrostriatal hypodopaminergia, locomotor incoordination and overproduction of neurotoxic native S129-phospho-α-synuclein. Two microRNAs (miRNA) known to regulate α-synuclein, miR-153 and miR-223, are significantly decreased in the basal ganglia of GFAP.HMOX1 mice. Serum concentrations of both miRNAs progressively decline in wild-type (WT) and GFAP.HMOX1 mice between 11 and 18 months of age. Moreover, circulating levels of miR-153 and miR-223 are significantly lower, and erythrocyte α-synuclein concentrations are increased, in GFAP.HMOX1 mice relative to WT values. MiR-153 and miR-223 are similarly decreased in the saliva of PD patients compared to healthy controls. Upregulation of glial HO-1 may promote parkinsonism by suppressing miR-153 and miR-223, which, in turn, enhance production of neurotoxic α-synuclein. The aim of the current review is to explore the link between HO-1, α-synuclein and PD, evaluating evidence derived from our laboratory and others. HO-1, miR-153 and miR-223 and α-synuclein may serve as potential biomarkers and targets for disease-modifying therapy in idiopathic PD.
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Hemmendinger M, Sauvain JJ, Hopf NB, Suárez G, Guseva Canu I. Challenges in Quantifying 8-OHdG and 8-Isoprostane in Exhaled Breath Condensate. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050830. [PMID: 35624694 PMCID: PMC9138069 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) has attracted substantial interest in the last few years, enabling the assessment of airway inflammation with a non-invasive method. Concentrations of 8-Hydroxydesoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 8-isoprostane in EBC have been suggested as candidate biomarkers for lung diseases associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. EBC is a diluted biological matrix and consequently, requires highly sensitive chemical analytic methods (picomolar range) for biomarker quantification. We developed a new liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry method to quantify 8-OHdG and 8-isoprostane in EBC simultaneously. We applied this novel biomarker method in EBC obtained from 10 healthy subjects, 7 asthmatic subjects, and 9 subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Both biomarkers were below the limit of detection (LOD) despite the good sensitivity of the chemical analytical method (LOD = 0.5 pg/mL for 8-OHdG; 1 pg/mL for 8-isoprostane). This lack of detection might result from factors affecting EBC collections. These findings are in line with methodological concerns already raised regarding the reliability of EBC collection for quantification of 8-OHdG and 8-isoprostane. Precaution is therefore needed when comparing literature results without considering methodological issues relative to EBC collection and analysis. Loss of analyte during EBC collection procedures still needs to be resolved before using these oxidative stress biomarkers in EBC.
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Uchida H, Ovitt CE. Novel impacts of saliva with regard to oral health. J Prosthet Dent 2022; 127:383-391. [PMID: 34140141 PMCID: PMC8669010 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of balanced oral homeostasis depends on saliva. A readily available and molecularly rich source of biological fluid, saliva fulfills many functions in the oral cavity, including lubrication, pH buffering, and tooth mineralization. Saliva composition and flow can be modulated by different factors, including circadian rhythm, diet, age, drugs, and disease. Recent events have revealed that saliva plays a central role in the dissemination and detection of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. A working knowledge of saliva function and physiology is essential for dental health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Uchida
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Catherine E. Ovitt
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
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21
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Non-Invasive Measurement of Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress in Response to Physical Activity. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10122008. [PMID: 34943111 PMCID: PMC8698343 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10122008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity may benefit health by modulating oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the selection of suitable exercise-induced oxidative stress biomarkers is still challenging. This study aimed at systematically summarizing the available evidence on exercise-induced oxidative stress measured in urine and/or saliva. Two meta-analyses including the most frequently quantified biomarkers of oxidative stress, namely, urinary isoprostane and DNA oxidation products, were performed. Three electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane CENTRAL) were interrogated. Among 4479 records, 43 original articles were included in the systematic review and 11 articles were included in meta-analysis I and II, respectively. We observed a pooled trend of increase of urinary isoprostanes in response to physical activity (+0.95, 95% CI: -0.18; 2.09). In comparison with aerobic exercise, anaerobic training determined a greater induction of isoprostanes (+5.21, 95% CI: 2.76; 7.66, p < 0.0001), which were markedly increased after vigorous physical activity (+6.01, 95% CI: 1.18; 10.84, p < 0.001) and slightly decreased in response to exercise interventions protracted over time (e.g., months) (-1.19, 95% CI: -2.25; -0.12, p < 0.001). We recommend the most integrative approach of oxidative stress multi-marker panels in response to physical activity instead of selecting one preferential biomarker to quantify physical activity-induced oxidative stress in humans.
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22
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The markers of stress in swine oral fluid. J Vet Res 2021; 65:487-495. [PMID: 35112004 PMCID: PMC8775724 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2021-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The study measured the hormonal and protein markers of acute stress, those of oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in swine oral fluid, determined which of these parameters would be the most appropriate for future livestock welfare assessment and established the time when the samples should be taken. Material and Methods Stress was induced in 7 out of 14 castrated six-week-old Danbred×Duroc pigs by immobilisation on a nasal snare at 8 a.m., 1 p.m., and 6 p.m. and samples were taken both directly after the stressor was applied and 30 min later. The remaining pigs were the control group, which were not immobilised; their samples were taken at the same times. The concentrations of hormones and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, while those of alpha-amylase and TAC were measured using spectrophotometry. Results The levels of cortisol and cortisone increased with statistical significance immediately after the acute stress response and 30 min later. A cut-off value set at 0.25 ng/mL cortisol concentration was capable of distinguishing between the stressed and control groups with 100% accuracy in evening samples and 95% accuracy overall. Prednisolone was not present, and the levels of testosterone and corticosterone were low and not distinctive. Alpha-amylase became significantly more concentrated during stress induction and 30 min later. The TAC and MDA levels rose after the stress but without statistical significance. Conclusion The most suitable markers of acute stress were cortisol, cortisone and alpha-amylase. Oral fluid is a reliable material for monitoring the level of pigs’ stress and should be collected in the evening.
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N-doped MoS 2-nanoflowers as peroxidase-like nanozymes for total antioxidant capacity assay. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1180:338740. [PMID: 34538313 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) Assay plays an important role in evaluating the quality of antioxidant food and monitoring the oxidative stress level of human body. It is mainly achieved by measuring the contents of antioxidants such as AA, L-Cys and GSH, while TAC can be detected by using peroxidase-like activity of artificial nanoenzyme materials. In this work, the N-Doped, defect-rich N-MoS2NFs nano-materials were used to build the nano enzyme, which has strong stability and high peroxidase-like activity. H2O2 was detected because it can be catalyzed to generate the intermediate ·OH and make TMB appears blue. However, when H2O2, AA, L-Cys and GSH coexist in solution, due to the oxidation resistance of AA, L-Cys and GSH, they can competitively react with ·OH in solution or reduce TMB in oxidation state (oxTMB), which reduces the characteristic absorption of oxTMB, indirectly achieves the purpose of detecting AA, L-Cys and GSH, and finally realizes the determination of TAC, even in actual serum and saliva samples. At the same time, the N-MoS2 NFs/NH2-MIL-53(Al)+OPD system is further constructed. Based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between NH2-MIL-53(Al) and oxidized OPD (oxOPD), the purpose of detecting TAC by fluorescence method was realized.
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Salivary Oxidative Stress Markers' Relation to Oral Diseases in Children and Adolescents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101540. [PMID: 34679675 PMCID: PMC8533237 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence suggests that salivary markers of oxidative stress are indicative of clinical disease indices such as the papillary bleeding index (PBI) and the caries index (CI). The aim of this study was to assess the relation of oxidative stress markers with oral dental caries and periodontal problems in a pediatric population. In our case-control study, unstimulated whole saliva was collected from individuals aged 3–18 years (n = 177); 14 individuals were excluded. Study subjects were divided into those with caries (CI = 2, n = 78) and those who were caries-free (n = 85). These groups were then divided into another subset consisting of children (mean age 7.3 years, n = 121) and adolescents (mean age 16.1 years, n = 42). The PBI was determined in all groups. We then assessed salivary levels of oxidative stress markers. Our results showed that, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level increased in patients with more gingival bleeding (p < 0.05) in the study group aged 3–18 years. In addition, TAC showed a significant decrease in samples with caries when compared to the caries-free group in adolescents (p = 0.008). In conclusion, TAC levels may be a marker of both gingival bleeding and dental caries in young adult populations. We hope that in the near future, prophylaxis, control, follow up and even possible therapeutic use of oxidative stress markers in a chairside way will become possible as antioxidants have been shown to be effective against oral diseases.
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The Antimicrobial Effect of Pomegranate Peel Extract versus Chlorhexidine in High Caries Risk Individuals Using Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction: A Randomized Triple-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:5563945. [PMID: 34512759 PMCID: PMC8424245 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5563945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the antibacterial effectiveness of chlorhexidine and PPE oral rinse on S. mutans, Lactobacilli, and Veillonella, in clinical salivary samples of patients with advanced stages of dental caries at baseline and two and four weeks with PCR technique. This triple-blind randomized clinical trial involved 60 high caries risk adult patients, 19–59 years of age, randomly allocated into two groups of 30 subjects each. The intervention group received pomegranate peel extract mouthwash, whereas the control group received chlorhexidine mouthwash. Unstimulated pooled saliva was collected from the floor of the mouth before and after the intervention. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was employed to analyze the bacterial copies of each salivary sample at baseline and two and four weeks. The significance level was fixed at 5% (α = 0.05). Overall comparison of antimicrobial effectiveness across both groups revealed insignificant outcomes. The control group evinced a significant reduction in S. mutans between a specific time, i.e., baseline and 4 weeks (p=0.043). PPE oral rinse as a natural product or ecological alternative was effective in disrupting activity across all microorganisms tested in this triple-blind RCT; however, the nutraceutical, when compared to chlorhexidine, was not as effective against S. mutans.
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A Disposable Saliva Electrochemical MIP-Based Biosensor for Detection of the Stress Biomarker α-Amylase in Point-of-Care Applications. ELECTROCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/electrochem2030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The design and synthesis of artificial receptors based on molecular imprinting (MI) technology for the development of a new MIP-based biosensor for detection of the stress biomarker α-amylase in human saliva in point-of-care (PoC) applications is described in this work. The portable electrochemical devices for monitoring α-amylase consists of cost-effective and disposable gold screen-printed electrodes (AuSPEs). To build the electrochemical device, the template biomolecule was firstly immobilized directly over the working area of the gold chip previously activated with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of cysteamine (CA). Then, pyrrole (Py) monomer was selected as building block of a polymeric network prepared by CV electropolymerization. After the electropolymerization process, the enzyme was removed from the polymer film in order to build the specific recognition sites for the target enzyme. The MIP biosensor showed a very wide linear concentration range (between 3.0 × 10−4 to 0.60 mg mL−1 in buffer solution and between 3.0 × 10−4 to 3.0 × 10−2 mg mL−1 in human saliva) and low detection levels were achieved (LOD < 3.0 × 10−4 mg mL−1) using square wave voltammetry (SWV) as the electroanalytical technique.
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A Comparative Study of Antioxidative Activity of Saliva in Children and Young Teenagers with and without Gingivitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57060569. [PMID: 34204920 PMCID: PMC8228018 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57060569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the values of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the saliva of children and young teenagers with and without gingivitis. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 children and young teenagers of the mean age of 12.2 participated in the research. Gingival condition was assessed using the Löe and Silness Gingival Index. The subjects were divided into groups of those without gingivitis and those with gingivitis. Samples of unstimulated saliva were collected, and TAC, CAT and GPX were determined spectrophotometrically. Results: By comparing the values of TAC, CAT and GPX in subjects with and without gingivitis, significantly lower values of TAC (p < 0.001) and CAT (p < 0.001) were observed in the group of subjects with gingivitis. The correlation analysis of these values showed a positive correlation in groups of subjects not suffering from gingival inflammation and those with gingival inflammation. Conclusions: The study showed significantly lower values of TAC and CAT in the saliva of subjects with gingivitis. This indicates their possible role as a potential biomarker in the early diagnosis and expression of periodontal disease in children and young teenagers.
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Korac B, Kalezic A, Pekovic-Vaughan V, Korac A, Jankovic A. Redox changes in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Redox Biol 2021; 42:101887. [PMID: 33579666 PMCID: PMC8113039 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
"Life is an instantaneous encounter of circulating matter and flowing energy" (Jean Giaja, Serbian physiologist), is one of the most elegant definitions not only of life but the relationship of redox biology and metabolism. Their evolutionary liaison has created inseparable yet dynamic homeostasis in health, which, when disrupted, leads to disease. This interconnection is even more pertinent today, in an era of increasing metabolic diseases of epidemic proportions such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Despite great advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of redox and metabolic regulation, we face significant challenges in preventing, diagnosing, and treating metabolic diseases. The etiological association and temporal overlap of these syndromes present significant challenges for the discrimination of appropriate clinical biomarkers for diagnosis, treatment, and outcome prediction. These multifactorial, multiorgan metabolic syndromes with complex etiopathogenic mechanisms are accompanied by disturbed redox equilibrium in target tissues and circulation. Free radicals and reactive species are considered both a causal factor and a consequence of disease status. Thus, determining the subtypes and levels of free radicals and reactive species, oxidatively damaged biomolecules (lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) and antioxidant defense components as well as redox-sensitive transcription factors and fluxes of redox-dependent metabolic pathways will help define existing and establish novel redox biomarkers for stratifying metabolic diseases. This review aims to discuss diverse redox/metabolic aspects in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes, with the imperative to help establish a platform for emerging and future redox-metabolic biomarkers research in precision medicine. Future research warrants detailed investigations into the status of redox biomarkers in healthy subjects and patients, including the use of emerging 'omic' profiling technologies (e.g., redox proteomes, lipidomes, metabolomes, and transcriptomes), taking into account the influence of lifestyle (diet, physical activity, sleep, work patterns) as well as circadian ~24h fluctuations in circulatory factors and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bato Korac
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia; Center for Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Andjelika Kalezic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vanja Pekovic-Vaughan
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, William Henry Duncan Building, University of Liverpool, L7 8TX, Liverpool, UK
| | - Aleksandra Korac
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Jankovic
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"- National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Kang WS, Jung WK, Park SB, Kim HR, Kim J. Gemigliptin suppresses salivary dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 137:111297. [PMID: 33493968 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes commonly experience hyposalivation, which induces discomfort in eating, swallowing, dryness, smell, and speaking, as well as increases the incidence of periodontal disease. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors are frequently used as antidiabetic drugs that lower glucose levels by utilizing similar mechanisms; however, additional protective functions of each gliptin have been discovered. In this study, the protective roles of gemigliptin, a DPP4 inhibitor, against salivary dysfunction under diabetic conditions were investigated. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats received gemigliptin 10 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg via oral gavage for 3 weeks. The weights of salivary gland tissues, saliva secretion, and antioxidant capacity in salivary glands were reduced after diabetes induction, but were significantly preserved following gemigliptin treatment. In salivary gland analysis, expression of apoptotic proteins, as well as amylase and aquaporin-5 (AQP5) protein expression, were increased following gemigliptin treatment. Furthermore, the number of TUNEL-positive cells decreased after gemigliptin treatment. Therefore, gemigliptin has protective roles against salivary dysfunction observed in diabetes, mediated via antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and salivary secretion mechanisms. These results may help in selecting a suitable drug for patients with diabetes experiencing salivary dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Seok Kang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea; Central R&D Center, Bioresources and Technology (B&Tech) Co., Ltd., Gwangju, 61239, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Kwon Jung
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Bin Park
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Rae Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Salivary Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Stroke Patients: From Basic Research to Clinical Practice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5545330. [PMID: 33897941 PMCID: PMC8052150 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5545330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral stroke is a serious worldwide health problem, as can be seen by the global epidemic of the disease. In this disorder, when the blood flow is compromised by ruptures or blocked arteries, sudden death of neurons is observed as a result of a lack of oxygen and nutrients. Numerous severe problems and frequent complications also exist in stroke patients; therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic methods for the disease. At present, the diagnosis of stroke is based on a neurological examination, medical history, and neuroimaging, due to the fact that rapid and noninvasive diagnostic tests are unavailable. Nevertheless, oxidative stress and inflammation are considered key factors in stroke pathogenesis. Oxygen free radicals are responsible for oxidation of lipids, proteins, and DNA/RNA, which in turn contributes to oxidative damage of the brain. Toxic products of the oxidation reactions act cytostatically on the cell by damaging cell membranes and leading to neuronal death by apoptosis or necrosis. Thus, it seems that redox/inflammatory biomarkers might be used in the diagnosis of the disease. Nowadays, saliva is of increasing interest in clinical laboratory medicine. Redox biomarkers could be obtained easily, noninvasively, cheaply, and stress-free from saliva. This minireview is aimed at presenting the current knowledge concerning the use of salivary biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in the diagnosis and prognosis of stroke.
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Sürmelioğlu D, Gündoğar H, Taysi S, Bağiş YH. Effect of different bleaching techniques on DNA damage biomarkers in serum, saliva, and GCF. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1332-1341. [PMID: 33622079 DOI: 10.1177/0960327121996030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Bleaching agents containing a high concentration of H2O2 in the dental market lead to formation of reactive oxygen species, which have genotoxic effects. However, ozone bleaching, one of the most effective oxidants known, stimulates blood circulation and immune response and thus it has strong antimicrobial activity against viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. For these reasons, one of our hypothesis was ozone bleaching would reduce local and systemic DNA damage in the body. Hence, we aimed to determine the oxidative DNA damage biomarker levels in serum, saliva, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) by measuring 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) after different bleaching methods.Forty-eight volunteers who requested dental bleaching were divided into three treatment groups (n = 16). Group 1: ozone bleaching with the ozone-releasing machine; Group 2: chemical bleaching with 40% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) gel; Group 3: 40% H2O2 gel activated with the diode laser. Initial and post-operative (immediately after bleaching and two weeks later) color measurements were performed with a spectrophotometer. The color changes were calculated with the CIEDE2000 (ΔE 00) formula. 8-OHdG levels in serum, saliva, and GCF samples were determined with ELISA. All three treatments resulted in efficient and statistically similar bleaching. The 8-OHdG levels in the serum and saliva were not affected by all bleaching methods (p > 0.05), but a temporary increase was observed in the GCF for chemical and laser-assisted groups except the ozone group (p > 0.05). According to the findings, chemical and laser-assisted bleaching can affect DNA damage locally but not systemically. Bleaching with ozone may eliminate this local DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sürmelioğlu
- Dentistry Faculty, Department of Restorative Dentistry, 37512Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - H Gündoğar
- Dentistry Faculty, Department of Periodontology, 37512Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - S Taysi
- Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry, 37512Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Y H Bağiş
- Dentistry Faculty, Department of Restorative Dentistry, 37504Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Ganta SR, Chittemsetti S, Sravya T, Guttikonda VR. Salivary malondialdehyde in oral submucous fibrosis - A marker for oxidative damage. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2021; 25:82-87. [PMID: 34349416 PMCID: PMC8272490 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_279_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disorder of oral mucosa and its malignant transformation rate accounts to about 7%-13%. Oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation plays an important role in OSMF. Lipid peroxidation has not been widely investigated in OSMF patients with respect to clinical staging and histopathological grading. As human saliva is a diagnostic fluid which can be obtained in a noninvasive procedure as compared to the blood for serum analysis, the present study was aimed at evaluating the salivary malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in OSMF and comparison with respect to clinical staging and histopathological grading. AIM This study aims to evaluate salivary MDA levels in OSMF and compare the levels with respect to clinical and histopathological grading systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty cases of clinically diagnosed and histopathologically proven cases of OSMF were included for the purpose of this study. As controls 40 age-matched individuals without any systemic disease were selected. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from each individual, centrifuged and frozen at - 20°C until analysis. Lipid peroxidation products MDA were analyzed by thiobarbituric acid reaction. RESULTS Salivary MDA levels were significantly increased in OSMF patients compared to controls. The progressively increased salivary MDA levels showed a positive correlation with the clinical stages and histopathological grades of OSMF and the results were statistically significant. CONCLUSION The increased salivary MDA levels in OSMF patients compared to the control group suggests an increased oxidative stress levels in the potentially malignant disorders such as OSMF. The mean salivary MDA levels were increased significantly as the clinical stage and histopathological grade of OSMF advances, suggesting MDA to be used as a reliable biochemical marker and also a prognostic marker to assess the extent of oxidative damage in OSMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Raj Ganta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, MDS, Mamata Dental College, Khammam, Telangana, India
| | - Samatha Chittemsetti
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, MDS, Mamata Dental College, Khammam, Telangana, India
| | - Taneeru Sravya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, MDS, Mamata Dental College, Khammam, Telangana, India
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Borodina I, Kenny LC, McCarthy CM, Paramasivan K, Pretorius E, Roberts TJ, van der Hoek SA, Kell DB. The biology of ergothioneine, an antioxidant nutraceutical. Nutr Res Rev 2020; 33:190-217. [PMID: 32051057 PMCID: PMC7653990 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422419000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ergothioneine (ERG) is an unusual thio-histidine betaine amino acid that has potent antioxidant activities. It is synthesised by a variety of microbes, especially fungi (including in mushroom fruiting bodies) and actinobacteria, but is not synthesised by plants and animals who acquire it via the soil and their diet, respectively. Animals have evolved a highly selective transporter for it, known as solute carrier family 22, member 4 (SLC22A4) in humans, signifying its importance, and ERG may even have the status of a vitamin. ERG accumulates differentially in various tissues, according to their expression of SLC22A4, favouring those such as erythrocytes that may be subject to oxidative stress. Mushroom or ERG consumption seems to provide significant prevention against oxidative stress in a large variety of systems. ERG seems to have strong cytoprotective status, and its concentration is lowered in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases. It has been passed as safe by regulatory agencies, and may have value as a nutraceutical and antioxidant more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Borodina
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Louise C. Kenny
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, LiverpoolL8 7SS, UK
| | - Cathal M. McCarthy
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Republic of Ireland
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - Kalaivani Paramasivan
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Timothy J. Roberts
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, LiverpoolL69 7ZB, UK
| | - Steven A. van der Hoek
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, Technical University of Denmark, 2800Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland, 7602, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, LiverpoolL69 7ZB, UK
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Sczepanik FSC, Grossi ML, Casati M, Goldberg M, Glogauer M, Fine N, Tenenbaum HC. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of oxidative stress: We should treat it that way. Periodontol 2000 2020; 84:45-68. [PMID: 32844417 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a highly prevalent disease. As it progresses, it causes serious morbidity in the form of periodontal abscesses and tooth loss and, in the latter stages, pain. It is also now known that periodontitis is strongly associated with several nonoral diseases. Thus, patients with periodontitis are at greater risk for the development and/or exacerbation of diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular diseases, among other conditions. Although it is without question that specific groups of oral bacteria which populate dental plaque play a causative role in the development of periodontitis, it is now thought that once this disease has been triggered, other factors play an equal, and possibly more important, role in its progression, particularly in severe cases or in cases that prove difficult to treat. In this regard, we allude to the host response, specifically the notion that the host, once infected with oral periodontal pathogenic bacteria, will mount a defense response mediated largely through the innate immune system. The most abundant cell type of the innate immune system - polymorphonuclear neutrophils - can, when protecting the host from microbial invasion, mount a response that includes upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and reactive oxygen species, all of which then contribute to the tissue damage and loss of teeth commonly associated with periodontitis. Of the mechanisms referred to here, we suggest that upregulation of reactive oxygen species might play one of the most important roles in the establishment and progression of periodontitis (as well as in other diseases of inflammation) through the development of oxidative stress. In this overview, we discuss both innate and epigenetic factors (eg, diabetes, smoking) that lead to the development of oxidative stress. This oxidative stress then provides an environment conducive to the destructive processes observed in periodontitis. Therefore, we shall describe some of the fundamental characteristics of oxidative stress and its effects on the periodontium, discuss the diseases and other factors that cause oxidative stress, and, finally, review potentially novel therapeutic approaches for the management (and possibly even the reversal) of periodontitis, which rely on the use of therapies, such as resveratrol and other antioxidants, that provide increased antioxidant activity in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Márcio Lima Grossi
- School of Health Sciences, Dentistry, Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Prosthodontics, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Márcio Casati
- Dental Research Division, School of Dentistry, Paulista University (UNIP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Michael Goldberg
- Discipline of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Dentistry, Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Periodontology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Dentistry, Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Noah Fine
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Howard C Tenenbaum
- Department of Dentistry, Mount Sinai Hospital, Thodupuzha, India.,Faculty of Dentistry, Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Chen Y, Jiao L, Yan H, Xu W, Wu Y, Wang H, Gu W, Zhu C. Hierarchically Porous S/N Codoped Carbon Nanozymes with Enhanced Peroxidase-like Activity for Total Antioxidant Capacity Biosensing. Anal Chem 2020; 92:13518-13524. [PMID: 32869631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Design of highly active carbon nanozymes and further establishment of ultrasensitive biosensors remain a challenge. Herein, hierarchically porous carbon nanozymes with sulfur (S)/nitrogen (N) codoping (SNC) were developed. Compared with N-doped carbon (NC) nanozymes, SNC nanozymes have a smaller Michaelis-Menten constant and higher specific activities, demonstrating that the S-doping in SNC nanozymes could not only enhance their affinity toward substrates but also improve their catalytic performance. These results may be caused by the synergistic effect of heteroatoms (S and N). Because of the good enzyme-like activity, the proposed SNC nanozymes were exploited to the colorimetric detection of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) using ascorbic acid as a typical model with a limit of detection of 0.08 mM. Because of its high sensitivity and selectivity and encouraging performance, the detection method presented practical feasibility for the TAC assay in commercial beverages. This work paves a way to design the highly active carbon nanozymes and expand their applications in the construction of high-performance biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Lei Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Hongye Yan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Weiqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Hengjia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Wenling Gu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
| | - Chengzhou Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China
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Gerreth P, Maciejczyk M, Zalewska A, Gerreth K, Hojan K. Comprehensive Evaluation of the Oral Health Status, Salivary Gland Function, and Oxidative Stress in the Saliva of Patients with Subacute Phase of Stroke: A Case-Control Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072252. [PMID: 32679906 PMCID: PMC7408698 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first study to assess, comprehensively, the oral health status; salivary glands’ function and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense; and oxidative damage to proteins and lipids in the non-stimulated (NWS) and stimulated (SWS) whole saliva of stroke patients. The study included 30 patients in the subacute phase of the stroke and an age and gender-matched control group. We showed that the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and salivary peroxidase) was significantly higher in both NWS and SWS of stroke patients, similarly to uric acid concentration. However, in the study group, the reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration in SWS decreased. The contents of protein glycooxidation products (advanced glycation end products (AGE) and protein oxidation products (AOPP)) and lipid hydroperoxides were significantly higher in NWS and SWS of stroke patients. In the study group there was also a decrease in stimulated saliva secretion and total protein content. Interestingly, products of protein and lipid oxidation correlate negatively with SWS flow. The ROC analysis showed that salivary GSH with 100% specificity and 100% sensitivity differentiates the analyzed groups (AUC = 1.0). To sum up, in subacute stroke patients there are redox imbalances and oxidative damage to proteins and lipids in non-stimulated and stimulated saliva. Stroke patients also suffer from salivary gland dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gerreth
- Private Dental Practice, 57 Kasztelanska Street, 60-316 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Maciejczyk
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 2C Adama Mickiewicza Street, 15-022 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (K.G.); Tel.: +48-604-998-854 (M.M.); Tel.: +48-602-423-085 (K.G.)
| | - Anna Zalewska
- Experimental Dentistry Laboratory, Medical University of Bialystok, 24A Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Karolina Gerreth
- Department of Risk Group Dentistry, Chair of Pediatric Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 70 Bukowska Street, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (K.G.); Tel.: +48-604-998-854 (M.M.); Tel.: +48-602-423-085 (K.G.)
| | - Katarzyna Hojan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary Street, 61-866 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Rehabilitation, Greater Poland Provincial Hospital, Juraszow Street, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
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Pedone D, Moglianetti M, Lettieri M, Marrazza G, Pompa PP. Platinum Nanozyme-Enabled Colorimetric Determination of Total Antioxidant Level in Saliva. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8660-8664. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Pedone
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Center for Bio-Molecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti 14, 73010 Arnesano, Lecce, Italy
| | - Mauro Moglianetti
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Center for Bio-Molecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti 14, 73010 Arnesano, Lecce, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Lettieri
- Dipartimento di Chimica Ugo Schiff, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Fi, Italy
| | - Giovanna Marrazza
- Dipartimento di Chimica Ugo Schiff, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Fi, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Viale delle Medaglie D’Oro 305, 00136 Roma, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Pompa
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Center for Bio-Molecular Nanotechnologies, Via Barsanti 14, 73010 Arnesano, Lecce, Italy
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François M, Bull CF, Fenech MF, Leifert WR. Current State of Saliva Biomarkers for Aging and Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 16:56-66. [PMID: 30345919 DOI: 10.2174/1567205015666181022094924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aging is the primary risk factor for major human pathologies, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD). AD is a progressive degenerative disorder of the brain and is the most common form of dementia. METHODS To-date no simple, inexpensive and minimally invasive procedure is available to confirm with certainty the early diagnosis of AD prior to the manifestations of symptoms characteristic of the disease. Therefore, if population screening of individuals is to be performed, easily accessible tissues would need to be used for a diagnostic test that would identify those who exhibit altered or aberrant aging profiles that may be indicative of AD risk, so that they can be prioritized for primary prevention. This need for minimally invasive tests could be achieved by targeting saliva, since it is now well recognized that many aging diseases including AD are associated with peripheral biomarkers that are not only restricted to pathology and biomarkers within the brain. RESULTS Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize some of the main findings of salivary biomarkers of aging and AD; including various proteins, metabolites, and alterations to DNA and miRNA. The future of healthy aging resides in innovative platforms, biosensors and point-of-care devices that can extract real time information on the health status of an individual. Those platforms may be achieved through the development and validation of novel biomarkers of health using saliva which, although being the least explored for biomedical purposes, has the distinct advantage that it can be self-collected in a non-invasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime François
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Future Science Platforms Probing Biosystems, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.,CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Nutrition and Health, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Caroline F Bull
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Nutrition and Health, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Michael F Fenech
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Wayne R Leifert
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Future Science Platforms Probing Biosystems, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.,CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Nutrition and Health, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
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Ahmadian M, Dabidi Roshan V, Rezvan K, Leicht AS. Impact of exercise in high-humidity on heart rate variability and salivary oxidative stress in obese and lightweight asthmatic children. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 60:779-785. [PMID: 32141276 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.10312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma and obesity are becoming increasingly common among children. Such conditions are known to negatively affect both cardiac autonomic function and oxidative stress. We therefore investigated the heart rate variability (HRV) and oxidative (malondialdehyde, MDA) response to exercise within a high humidity environment (~65%) in obese and lightweight asthmatic children. METHODS Forty-two children participated in this study and were categorized into four groups: obese asthmatic (OA, N.=10), obese non-asthmatic (ONA, N.=15), lightweight asthmatic (LA, N.=10), and lightweight non-asthmatic (LNA, N.=7). Time-domain and nonlinear indices of HRV were assessed at rest, during, and immediately after exercise. Further, saliva samples were collected immediately before and after exercise and analyzed for the determination of MDA. RESULTS HRV significantly decreased during and after exercise compared to baseline (P<0.05) with short-term fractal scaling exponent (α1) for the LNA group significantly smaller than the OA group after exercise (P<0.05). In contrast, the long-term fractal scaling exponent (α2) was greater after exercise compared to baseline and during exercise for all groups (P<0.05). MDA significantly decreased after exercise compared to baseline (P<0.05). We also found significant correlations after exercise between salivary levels of MDA with HRV components (i.e., RMSSD, SD1, and α2) in asthmatic groups (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that exercise in high humidity environment does not significantly differentiate the autonomic response among children with various conditions (i.e., obese, asthmatic and healthy). However, a significant relationship was found between HRV and MDA in asthmatic children after exercise, highlighting the inter-relationship between oxidative stress markers and autonomic function in asthmatic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ahmadian
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Valiollah Dabidi Roshan
- Department of Sport Physiology, College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran -
| | - Khatereh Rezvan
- Department of Sport Physiology, College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Anthony S Leicht
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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Salivary Redox Biomarkers in Selected Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020497. [PMID: 32059422 PMCID: PMC7074092 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease, are disorders, which cause irreversible and progressive deterioration of the central nervous system. The pathophysiology of NDDs is still not fully explained; nevertheless, oxidative stress is considered as a critical mediator of cerebral degeneration, brain inflammation, as well as neuronal apoptosis. Therefore, it is not surprising that redox biomarkers are increasingly used in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. As saliva is a very easy to obtain bioliquid, it seems promising to use this biomaterial in the diagnosis of NDDs. Saliva collection is easy, cheap, stress-free, and non-infectious, and it does not require the help of a specialised medical personnel. Additionally, the concentrations of many salivary redox biomarkers correlate with their content in blood serum as well as the degree of disease progression, which makes them non-invasive indicators of NDDs. This paper reviews the latest knowledge concerning the use of salivary redox biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of selected neurodegenerative diseases.
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41
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Selenium: A sole treatment for erosive oral lichen planus (Randomized controlled clinical trial). Oral Dis 2020; 26:789-804. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.13285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Tvarijonaviciute A, Zamora C, Ceron JJ, Bravo-Cantero AF, Pardo-Marin L, Valverde S, Lopez-Jornet P. Salivary biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:3437-3444. [PMID: 31989369 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes that can occur in saliva components in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) of different severity and determine if any of these components could be a biomarker of this disease. Therefore, a panel of selected analytes related to the amyloid cascade, the immune and adrenergic systems, among others, were analyzed in the saliva of patients with Alzheimer's disease. METHODS A total of 152 patients with AD and controls were included. The severity of the disease was established according to the Global Deterioration Scale. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected. RESULTS Salivary amyloid-β42 was significantly lower, and complement C4 was significantly higher in the patients with AD than in the controls (p < 0.05 in both cases). Only complement C4 maintained its significant effect in the multivariate regression analysis. However, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of C4 was 0.613. No changes were found in any analyte regarding the severity of the disease. CONCLUSIONS A decrease in amyloid-β42 and an increase in complement C4 were detected in the saliva of patients with AD, but the changes did not show a high diagnostic performance for the detection of AD and were not associated with its severity. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although some analytes showed significant differences in saliva in patients with AD, in our study conditions the salivary biomarkers analyzed were not of enough diagnostic utility for being used in routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Carmen Zamora
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose J Ceron
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Luis Pardo-Marin
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sandra Valverde
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pia Lopez-Jornet
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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L-Glutamine Supplementation Improves the Benefits of Combined-Exercise Training on Oral Redox Balance and Inflammatory Status in Elderly Individuals. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2852181. [PMID: 32411324 PMCID: PMC7204202 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2852181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although regular combined aerobic-resistance exercises can ameliorate the inflammatory status and redox balance in elderly population, it is unclear whether protein or specific amino acid supplementation could improve such benefits. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the inflammatory status and redox indexes through of the saliva of 34 elderly subject nonpractitioners (NP group, 73.3 ± 6.6 years) and 49 elderly subject practitioners of a combined-exercise training in moderate intensity (CET group, 71.9 ± 5.8 years) before (pre) and after (post) 30 days of supplementation with L-glutamine (Gln) or placebo (PL). Our results showed that, both in pre- and postsupplementation, the salivary levels of nitric oxide (NO·) and TNF-α were lower, whereas the levels of uric acid and IL-10 (as well as IL-10/TNF-α ratio) were higher in the CET groups than in the NP groups. In postsupplementation, both groups supplemented with Gln (NP-Gln and CET-Gln) showed higher salivary uric acid levels compared to baseline. In addition, lower NO· levels were found in the CET-Gln group postsupplementation than presupplementation values. Whereas the CET-Gln group showed lower GSH levels postsupplementation, NP-Gln subjects showed lower GSSG levels at the same time point, both compared to baseline. Interestingly, salivary peroxidase activity was lower only in NP groups (NP-PL and NP-Gln) postsupplementation than baseline values. A positive significant correlation between salivary peroxidase activity and GSH levels, and also between salivary peroxidase activity and uric acid levels were observed in the CET-Gln group both pre- and postsupplementation. No differences were found in albumin, total antioxidant activity (TEAC), and reducing power analysis between groups, pre- or postsupplementation. In conclusion, the elderly subjects from the CET group showed a better inflammatory response and redox balance and, for the first time, it was shown that daily supplementation with Gln for 30 days can improve these benefits with putative association with a healthy aging.
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Salivary Antioxidant Barrier, Redox Status, and Oxidative Damage to Proteins and Lipids in Healthy Children, Adults, and the Elderly. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4393460. [PMID: 31885792 PMCID: PMC6915128 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4393460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the proven role of oxidative stress in numerous systemic diseases and in the process of aging, little is still known about the salivary redox balance of healthy children, adults, and the elderly. Our study was the first to assess the antioxidant barrier, redox status, and oxidative damage in nonstimulated (NWS) and stimulated (SWS) saliva as well as blood samples of healthy individuals at different ages. We divided 90 generally healthy people into three equally numbered groups based on age: 2–14 (children and adolescents), 25–45 (adults), and 65–85 (elderly people). Antioxidant enzymes (salivary peroxidase (Px), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD)), nonenzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione (GSH) and uric acid (UA)), redox status (total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI)), and oxidative damage products (advanced glycation end products (AGE), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and malondialdehyde (MDA)) were evaluated in NWS and SWS as well as in erythrocyte/plasma samples. We demonstrated that salivary and blood antioxidant defense is most effective in people aged 25–45. In the elderly, we observed a progressive decrease in the efficiency of central antioxidant systems (↓GPx, ↓SOD, ↓GSH, and ↓TAC in erythrocytes and plasma vs. adults) as well as in NWS (↓Px, ↓UA, and ↓TAC vs. adults) and SWS (↓TAC vs. adults). Both local and systemic antioxidant systems were less efficient in children and adolescents than in the group of middle-aged people, which indicates age-related immaturity of antioxidant mechanisms. Oxidative damage to proteins (↑AGE, ↑AOPP) and lipids (↑MDA) was significantly higher in saliva and plasma of elderly people in comparison with adults and children/adolescents. Of all the evaluated biomarkers, only salivary oxidative damage products generally reflected their content in blood plasma. The level of salivary redox biomarkers did not vary based on gender.
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Cressatti M, Juwara L, Galindez JM, Velly AM, Nkurunziza ES, Marier S, Canie O, Gornistky M, Schipper HM. Salivary microR‐153 and microR‐223 Levels as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers of Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2019; 35:468-477. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Cressatti
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical ResearchJewish General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Lamin Juwara
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical ResearchJewish General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Quantitative Life SciencesMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Julia M. Galindez
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical ResearchJewish General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Ana M. Velly
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical ResearchJewish General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of DentistryJewish General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
- Faculty of DentistryMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Eva S. Nkurunziza
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical ResearchJewish General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Sara Marier
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical ResearchJewish General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Olivia Canie
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical ResearchJewish General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Mervyn Gornistky
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical ResearchJewish General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of DentistryJewish General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
- Faculty of DentistryMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Hyman M. Schipper
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical ResearchJewish General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
- Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMcGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
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Pekeles H, Qureshi HY, Paudel HK, Schipper HM, Gornistky M, Chertkow H. Development and validation of a salivary tau biomarker in Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 11:53-60. [PMID: 30623019 PMCID: PMC6317325 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Total tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) are abnormally elevated in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tau is also present in the salivary gland tissue and saliva, and salivary measures might produce an accurate, accessible, and inexpensive biomarker. METHODS Using unstimulated saliva and Western blot analysis, we quantified the p-tau/t-tau ratio at different phosphorylation sites. RESULTS We found that for one phosphorylation site, S396, p-tau/t-tau ratio was significantly elevated in patients with AD compared with normal elderly control subjects. The elevation in saliva, however, did not correlate with cerebrospinal fluid tau or with brain measures such as hippocampal volume. DISCUSSION There is significant elevation of p-tau/t-tau ratio for the S396 phosphorylation site. Large variation in the AD salivary tau levels, however, limits the utility of this test as a clinical biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Pekeles
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Hemant K. Paudel
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hyman M. Schipper
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mervyn Gornistky
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Howard Chertkow
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery and Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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HS-SPME-GC-MS approach for the analysis of volatile salivary metabolites and application in a case study for the indirect assessment of gut microbiota. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:7551-7562. [PMID: 31641822 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a straightforward analytical approach based on headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed for the analysis of salivary volatile organic compounds without any prior derivatization step. With a sample volume of 500 μL, optimal conditions were achieved by allowing the sample to equilibrate for 10 min at 50 °C and then extracting the samples for 10 min at the same temperature, using a carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fibre. The method allowed the simultaneous identification and quantification of 20 compounds in sample headspace, including short-chain fatty acids and their derivatives which are commonly analysed after analyte derivatization. The proof of applicability of the methodology was performed with a case study regarding the analysis of the dynamics of volatile metabolites in saliva of a single subject undergoing 5-day treatment with rifaximin antibiotic. Non-stimulated saliva samples were collected over 3 weeks from a nominally healthy volunteer before, during, and after antibiotic treatment. The variations of some metabolites, known to be produced by the microbiota and by bacteria that are susceptible to antibiotics, suggest that the study of the dynamics of salivary metabolites can be an excellent indirect method for analysing the gut microbiota. This approach is novel from an analytical standpoint, and it encourages further studies combining saliva metabolite profiles and gut microbiota dynamics. Graphical abstract.
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A Portable System to Monitor Saliva Conductivity for Dehydration Diagnosis and Kidney Healthcare. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14771. [PMID: 31611585 PMCID: PMC6791883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51463-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a major issue in long-term healthcare. It is caused by recurrent kidney injury, which is possible induced by dehydration and heat stress. Therefore, it is important to access the dehydration diagnosis on fields. Conventional instruments for assessing dehydration from blood and urine samples are expensive and time-consuming. These disadvantages limit their applications in high-risk groups susceptible to kidney disease. To address this unmet need, this study presents a portable miniaturized device for dehydration diagnosis with clinical saliva samples. With co-plane coating-free gold electrodes, the dehydration diagnosis was achieved with a saliva specimen at low volumes (50–500 μL). To examine the characteristics, the developed device was assessed by using standard conductivity solutions and the examined variation was <5%. To validate the use for field applications, saliva samples were measured by the developed device and the measured results were compared with standard markers of serum osmolality (N = 30). These data indicate that the measured saliva conductivity is consistent with serum osmolality. And it shows significant difference between healthy adults and healthy farmers (p < 0.05), who typically suffer high risks of CKD. Based on this work, the proposed device and measurement offer a useful method to diagnosis dehydrations and indicate possible potential for CKD.
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Mingo V, Leeb C, Fahl AK, Lötters S, Brühl C, Wagner N. Validating buccal swabbing as a minimal-invasive method to detect pesticide exposure in squamate reptiles. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 229:529-537. [PMID: 31100624 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of enzymatic biomarkers constitutes a widely used approach in ecotoxicology. However, standard sampling procedures are invasive, requiring tissue, organ or blood extraction. This leads to concerns regarding conservation practice, animal welfare and restrictions in study design. New techniques are needed to avoid these problems, but still generate reliable data. Here, we aimed at validating the use of buccal swabs as a reliable method to detect pesticide exposure in reptiles. Common wall lizards (Podarcis muralis) were divided into control, dermal and oral treatment groups and exposed to different pesticide formulations. Subsequently, buccal swabs were taken and enzymatic activity was analyzed. We were able to confirm the suitability of the method to detect effects of pesticide exposure on the enzymatic level. While exposure to the formulation Roundup Ultramax® didn't match when compared to effects previously observed in situ when compared to other glyphosate based formulations, effects could still be detected. This can be seen as a strong indicator that the active ingredient of a formulation may not always be the mian driver for ecotoxicological effectsat the enzymatic level. At the same time, exposure towards the single formulation Vivando® didn't result in any effects. However, individuals residing in agricultural landscapes will mostly be exposed to pesticide mixes containing different formulations. Our results strongly advocate that buccal swabbing is a reliable minimal invasive method to generate samples for detecting effects of pesticide exposure in reptiles. Due to its easy handling, we believe it will provide new opportunities concerning study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Mingo
- Trier University, Department of Biogeography, Universitätsring 15, 54296, Trier, Germany.
| | - Christoph Leeb
- University Koblenz-Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Forststraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Fahl
- RWTH Aachen, Institute for Environmental Sciences (Biology V), Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Lötters
- Trier University, Department of Biogeography, Universitätsring 15, 54296, Trier, Germany
| | - Carsten Brühl
- University Koblenz-Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Forststraße 7, 76829, Landau, Germany
| | - Norman Wagner
- Trier University, Department of Biogeography, Universitätsring 15, 54296, Trier, Germany
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Amadeu JK, Lemes AL, Schussel JL, Amenábar JM. Effect of Storage Time and Temperature on Salivary Total Antioxidant Capacity, Total Oxidant Status, and Oxidant Stress Index. Acta Stomatol Croat 2019; 53:119-124. [PMID: 31341319 PMCID: PMC6604558 DOI: 10.15644/asc53/2/3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to compare the effects of short-term storage in two different temperatures on stability of salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidant stress index (OSI). Materials and methods Saliva samples were collected from twenty healthy volunteers for the study. An aliquot was selected for immediate analysis and the rest was stored at -20°C and -80°C for a period of 120 days, and analyzes were performed at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 days. The determination of the TOS and the TAC were performed by colorimetric methods. Results The results show that the two storage temperatures were able to preserve oxidants and antioxidants up to 60 days with similar levels when compared with fresh samples. When comparing the different storage temperatures at each time point, no significant differences were observed. Finally, the OSI remains constant over time of storage at both temperatures without statistically significant differences between them. The results were expressed as mean ± standard error of mean. Statistical analysis was performed using the repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), the Bonferroni and t-test. A p-value <0.05 was accepted to be statistically significant. Conclusion The two temperatures were able to keep salivary TOS and TAC levels similar to fresh saliva samples. Therefore they are reliable for assessing oxidative stress up to 60 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josi Karla Amadeu
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Stomatology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Aline Louise Lemes
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Stomatology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lucena Schussel
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Stomatology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Stomatology Department, Oral Biochemistry Laboratory - LABIO, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - José Miguel Amenábar
- Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Stomatology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Stomatology Department, Oral Biochemistry Laboratory - LABIO, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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