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Wang YH, Pan W. Serum Bilirubin as a Novel Biomarker of Carotid Atherosclerosis. Angiology 2024; 75:998-999. [PMID: 37694686 DOI: 10.1177/00033197231202026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hong Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, China
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2
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Schoissengeier V, Maqboul L, Weber D, Grune T, Bürkle A, Moreno-Villaneuva M, Franceschi C, Capri M, Bernhard J, Toussaint O, Debacq-Chainiaux F, Weinberger B, Gonos ES, Sikora E, Dollé M, Jansen E, Slagboom PE, Hervonnen A, Hurme M, Breusing N, Frank J, Bulmer AC, Wagner KH. Association between bilirubin and biomarkers of metabolic health and oxidative stress in the MARK-AGE cohort. iScience 2024; 27:110234. [PMID: 39021797 PMCID: PMC11253506 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that elevated concentrations of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) may be a protective host factor against the development of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), whereas low levels of UCB are associated with the opposite effect. The results of this European study, in which 2,489 samples were tested for their UCB concentration using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and additional data from the MARK-AGE database were used for analysis, provide further evidence that elevated UCB concentrations are linked to a lower risk of developing NCDs and may act as a predictive marker of biological aging as individuals with elevated UCB concentrations showed favorable outcomes in metabolic health and oxidative-stress-related biomarkers. These findings underline the significance of studying individuals with moderate hyperbilirubinemia and investigate UCB routinely, also in the setting of aging, since this condition affects millions of people worldwide but has been underrepresented in clinical research and practice until now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Schoissengeier
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School for Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences (PhaNuSpo), University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lina Maqboul
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Daniela Weber
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Food4Future (F4F), c/o Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Maria Moreno-Villaneuva
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
- Human Performance Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Healthy Aging, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine and Institute of Information Technology, Mathematics and Mechanics, Department of Applied Mathematics, Lobachevsky State University, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Miriam Capri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center - Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change - University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Birgit Weinberger
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Efstathios S. Gonos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, 116 35 Athens, Greece
| | - Ewa Sikora
- Laboratory of the Molecular Bases of Ageing, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 00-901 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martijn Dollé
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Eugène Jansen
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3720BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - P. Eline Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Antti Hervonnen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikko Hurme
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland
| | - Nicolle Breusing
- Department of Applied Nutritional Science/Dietetics, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jan Frank
- Department of Food Biofunctionality, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andrew C. Bulmer
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
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Gutierrez V, Kim-Vasquez D, Shum M, Yang Q, Dikeman D, Louie SG, Shirihai OS, Tsukamoto H, Liesa M. The mitochondrial biliverdin exporter ABCB10 in hepatocytes mitigates neutrophilic inflammation in alcoholic hepatitis. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103052. [PMID: 38290384 PMCID: PMC10844117 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure caused by alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is only effectively treated with liver transplantation. Livers of patients with AH show a unique molecular signature characterized by defective hepatocellular redox metabolism, concurrent to hepatic infiltration of neutrophils that express myeloperoxidase (MPO) and form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Exacerbated NET formation and MPO activity contribute to liver damage in mice with AH and predicts poor prognosis in AH patients. The identification of pathways that maladaptively exacerbate neutrophilic activity in liver could inform of novel therapeutic approaches to treat AH. Whether the redox defects of hepatocytes in AH directly exacerbate neutrophilic inflammation and NET formation is unclear. Here we identify that the protein content of the mitochondrial biliverdin exporter ABCB10, which increases hepatocyte-autonomous synthesis of the ROS-scavenger bilirubin, is decreased in livers from humans and mice with AH. Increasing ABCB10 expression selectively in hepatocytes of mice with AH is sufficient to decrease MPO gene expression and histone H3 citrullination, a specific marker of NET formation. These anti-inflammatory effects can be explained by ABCB10 function reducing ROS-mediated actions in liver. Accordingly, ABCB10 gain-of-function selectively increased the mitochondrial GSH/GSSG ratio and decreased hepatic 4-HNE protein adducts, without elevating mitochondrial fat expenditure capacity, nor mitigating steatosis and hepatocyte death. Thus, our study supports that ABCB10 function regulating ROS-mediated actions within surviving hepatocytes mitigates the maladaptive activation of infiltrated neutrophils in AH. Consequently, ABCB10 gain-of-function in human hepatocytes could potentially decrease acute liver failure by decreasing the inflammatory flare caused by excessive neutrophil activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Gutierrez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular and Cellular Integrative Physiology, Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Doyeon Kim-Vasquez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Shum
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Qihong Yang
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dante Dikeman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Stan G Louie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular and Cellular Integrative Physiology, Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hidekazu Tsukamoto
- Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis and Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marc Liesa
- Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona, IBMB, CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Panasenko OM, Vladimirov YA, Sergienko VI. Free Radical Lipid Peroxidation Induced by Reactive Halogen Species. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:S148-S179. [PMID: 38621749 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924140098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The review is devoted to the mechanisms of free radical lipid peroxidation (LPO) initiated by reactive halogen species (RHS) produced in mammals, including humans, by heme peroxidase enzymes, primarily myeloperoxidase (MPO). It has been shown that RHS can participate in LPO both in the initiation and branching steps of the LPO chain reactions. The initiation step of RHS-induced LPO mainly involves formation of free radicals in the reactions of RHS with nitrite and/or with amino groups of phosphatidylethanolamine or Lys. The branching step of the oxidative chain is the reaction of RHS with lipid hydroperoxides, in which peroxyl and alkoxyl radicals are formed. The role of RHS-induced LPO in the development of human inflammatory diseases (cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis) is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg M Panasenko
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yury A Vladimirov
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery I Sergienko
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
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Marghani BH, Ateya AI, Othman BH, Rizk MA, El-Adl M. UGT1A1 morpholino antisense oligonucleotides produce mild unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in cyclosporine A-induced cardiovascular disorders in BLC57 mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 104:104321. [PMID: 37984676 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the induction of mild unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in hepatic UGT1A1 inhibition by Morpholinos antisense in CsA-treated BLC57 mice in comparison with the efficacy of chitosan (CH) as an anti-hypolipidemic natural product. Antisense morpholino oligonucleotides were injected intravenously into CsA-treated mice for 14 days thrice a week. Serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant status, and gene expression analysis of eNOS, PPAR-α, NF-kB, cFn, AT1-R, and ETA-R were determined in cardiac tissues with confirmation by histopathology. Inhibition of UGT1A1 significantly elevated serum unconjugated bilirubin within a physiological range. Furthermore, induced mild hyperbilirubinemia reduces hyperlipidemia, improves antioxidant status, and significantly increases the expression of the cardiac PPAR-α gene while decreasing, ETA-R, iNOS, NF-kB, cFn and AT1-R gene expression in CsA-treated mice. Importantly, mild unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia within physiological ranges may be used as a novel therapeutic strategy to lower hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and the CVD outcomes in CsA- treated transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma H Marghani
- Department of Biochemistry, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, King Salman International University, South of Sinai 46612, Egypt; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Ateya
- Department of Husbandry & Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Basma H Othman
- Medical Experimental Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdo Rizk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Adl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
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Zhang W, Zhong J, Li R, Li L, Ma X, Ji Y, Li G, Francisco JS, An T. Distinctive Heterogeneous Reaction Mechanism of ClNO 2 on the Air-Water Surface Containing Cl. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22649-22658. [PMID: 37811579 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneous reaction of nitryl chloride (ClNO2) on the air-water surface plays a significant role in the chloride lifecycle. The air-water surface is ubiquitous on ice surfaces under supercooled conditions, affecting the uptake and heterogeneous reaction processes of trace gases. Previous studies suggest that ClNO2 is formed on Cl-doped ice surfaces following the N2O5 uptake. Herein, a distinctive heterogeneous reaction mechanism of ClNO2 is suggested on an air-water surface containing Cl under supercooled conditions using combined classic molecular dynamics (MD) and Born-Oppenheimer MD simulations. It is found that N2O5 dissociates into a NO2+ and NO3- ionic pair on the top air-water surface. In the top layer of the surface containing barely any Cl-, NO2+ proceeds through hydrolysis and produces H3O+ and HNO3. Thus, surface acidification appears because of H3O+ yields. With NO2+ diffusion to the deep layer of the surface, NO2+ reacts with Cl- and forms ClNO2. Note that ClNO2 formation competes with NO2+ hydrolysis, and the rate of ClNO2 formation is 27.7[Cl-] larger than that of NO2+ hydrolysis. Afterward, the reaction of ClNO2 with Cl- becomes barrierless with the catalysis by H3O+, which is not feasible on a neutral surface. Cl2 is thus generated and escapes into the atmosphere (low solubility of Cl2), contributing to the Cl radical. The proposed mechanism bolsters the current understanding of ClNO2's fate and its role in Cl chemistry in extremely cold environments like the Arctic and other high-latitude regions in wintertime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Ruijing Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liwen Li
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuemeng Ji
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6316, United States
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Cao YX, Liu HH, Li S, Zhang M, Guo YL, Wu NQ, Zhu CG, Dong Q, Qian J, Li JJ. Circulating Total Bilirubin and Long-Term Prognosis in Patients With Previous Myocardial Infarction. JACC. ASIA 2023; 3:242-251. [PMID: 37181387 PMCID: PMC10167506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacasi.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Although experimental studies have demonstrated the protective role of total bilirubin (TBil) in cardiovascular diseases, several previous clinical observations are controversial. More importantly, no data are currently available regarding the relation of TBil to major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with previous myocardial infarction (MI). Objectives This study sought to explore the association between TBil and long-term clinical outcomes in patients with previous MI. Methods A total of 3,809 patients who are post-MI were consecutively enrolled in this prospective study. Cox regression models using HRs and CIs were applied to investigate associations between the TBil concentration category (group 1: bottom to median tertiles within the reference range; group 2: top tertile; group 3: above reference range) and main outcome (recurrent MACE) as well as secondary outcomes (hard endpoints and all-cause mortality). Results During the 4-year follow-up period, 440 patients (11.6%) suffered from recurrent MACE. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed the lowest MACE incidence in group 2 (P < 0.001). When compared with the reference group (group 1) in multivariable analysis, a J-shaped association was apparent for MACE, with decreased risk in group 2 (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59-0.96) and elevated risk in group 3 (HR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.03-1.61). Similar associations were identified regarding hard endpoints and all-cause mortality. Moreover, TBil demonstrated incremental discriminatory strength when added to the predictive model. Conclusions In this prospective cohort study with long-term follow-up, higher TBil levels within the physiological range reduced the incidence of long-term cardiovascular events in patients who are post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Xuan Cao
- Cardio-Metabolic Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Hui Liu
- Cardio-Metabolic Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sha Li
- Cardio-Metabolic Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Cardio-Metabolic Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Guo
- Cardio-Metabolic Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Na-Qiong Wu
- Cardio-Metabolic Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Zhu
- Cardio-Metabolic Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Dong
- Cardio-Metabolic Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Qian
- Cardio-Metabolic Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Cardio-Metabolic Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Alouffi S. Serum bilirubin levels are negatively associated with atherogenic lipids in Saudi subjects with type 2 diabetes: A pilot study. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/12777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
<b>Background: </b>Recent research has demonstrated the possible relevance of bilirubin in metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipid abnormalities are a major problem that is related with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in diabetics. This study examined the relationship between serum bilirubin and direct bilirubin concentrations and atherogenic lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).<br />
<b>Methods</b>: This cross-sectional included 67 patients with type 2 diabetes and 39 matched healthy control. The lipid profile, including total cholesterol, HDL-C, and TG levels, fasting blood glucose, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, ALT, AST, and ALP were measured using a dimension EXL clinical chemistry analyzer (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics). Cholesterol in VLDL, LDL, and sdLDL were calculated from standard lipid assay results by the equations of Sampson et al.<br />
<b>Results</b>: Serum bilirubin was lower in non T2DM subjects nearly significant (p=0.0.51) whereas direct bilirubin concentrations were lower in T2DM (p=0.008). ALT, AST, and ALP levels were higher in T2DM groups. The mean values of LDL-C, sdLDL-C, non HDL-C and VLDL-C were significantly increased in T2DM group and lower HDL-C. An inverse relationship could be observed with increase in serum total bilirubin and serum levels of LDL-C (r<sup>2</sup>=0.139, p<0.005), sdLDL-C (r<sup>2</sup>=0.137, p<0.005), VLDL-C (r<sup>2</sup>=0.074, p<0.044), and non HDL-C (r<sup>2</sup>=0.166, p<0.002) in T2DM group. The same inverse relationship was observed with serum direct bilirubin and serum levels of LDL-C (r<sup>2</sup>=0.133, p<0.006), sdLDL-C (r<sup>2</sup>=0.172, p<0.001), VLDL-C (r<sup>2</sup>=0.118, p<0.01), and non HDL-C (r<sup>2</sup>=0.182, p<0.001) in T2DM group.<br />
<b>Conclusions</b>: A significant negative association was found between serum bilirubin levels and direct serum bilirubin with atherogenic lipids, suggesting that serum bilirubin may protect T2DM patients from development of cardiovascular disease. These findings indicate the need for additional research in a large cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Alouffi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, SAUDI ARABIA
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9
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Zhao K, Wang R, Chen R, Liu J, Ye Q, Wang K, Li J. Association between bilirubin levels with incidence and prognosis of stroke: A meta-analysis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1122235. [PMID: 36866331 PMCID: PMC9971723 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1122235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Bilirubin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties, but the association between bilirubin and stroke remains contentious. A meta-analysis of extensive observational studies on the relationship was conducted. Methods Studies published before August 2022 were searched in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Cohort, cross-sectional and case-control studies that examined the association between circulating bilirubin and stroke were included. The primary outcome included the incidence of stroke and bilirubin quantitative expression level between stroke and control, and the secondary outcome was stroke severity. All pooled outcome measures were determined using random-effects models. The meta-analysis, subgroup analysis, and sensitivity analysis were performed using Stata 17. Results A total of 17 studies were included. Patients with stroke had a lower total bilirubin level (mean difference = -1.33 μmol/L, 95% CI: -2.12 to -0.53, P < 0.001). Compared with the lowest bilirubin level, total odds ratio (OR) of the highest bilirubin for the occurrence of stroke was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.61-0.82) and ischemic stroke was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.57-0.91), especially in cohort studies with accepted heterogeneity (I 2 = 0). Serum total and direct bilirubin levels were significantly and positively associated with stroke severity. A stratified analysis based on gender showed that the total bilirubin level in males correlated with ischemic stroke or stroke, which was not noted in females. Conclusion While our findings suggest associations between bilirubin levels and stroke risk, existing evidence is insufficient to establish a definitive association. Better-designed prospective cohort studies should further clarify pertinent questions (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022374893).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jialei Liu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juebao Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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10
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Qin L, Li L, Fan H, Gu Y, He W, Zhang K, Sun Y, Zhao W, Niu X, Wei C, Li L, Wang H. Longitudinal Associations Between Serum Bilirubin Level and Carotid Atherosclerosis Plaque in a Health Screening Population. Angiology 2022; 74:452-460. [PMID: 35759358 DOI: 10.1177/00033197221110966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the relationship between bilirubin levels and carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) in the health screening population. After propensity score matching, this retrospective cohort study included 4360 subjects who underwent health examinations regularly in Hebei General Hospital between January 2010 and December 2019 and had no carotid plaque at baseline. After an average follow-up of 26.76 months, the main endpoint Cox regression analysis of carotid plaques was performed. After adjusting the confounding factors, Cox regression analysis showed that when serum total bilirubin (TBIL) and unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) increased by 1 standard deviation (SD), the risk of carotid plaque decreased by 7.30% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.80-11.60%) and 15.70% (95% CI: 11.40-19.80%), respectively. When conjugated bilirubin (CB) increased by 1 SD, the risk of carotid plaques increased by 24.3% (95% CI: 19.7-29.0%). TBIL and UCB levels were negatively associated with CAS, and CB levels were positively associated with CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qin
- Graduate school, 12553Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Neurology, 117872Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Li
- Graduate school, 12553Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Neurology, 117872Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongzhen Fan
- Department of Neurology, 117872Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongsheng Gu
- Graduate school, 12553Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Neurology, 117872Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weiliang He
- Department of Neurology, 117872Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kaihua Zhang
- Department of Neurology, 117872Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yingru Sun
- Department of Neurology, 117872Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wannian Zhao
- Graduate school, 12553Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Neurology, 117872Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoli Niu
- Department of Neurology, 117872Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ci Wei
- Department of Neurology, 117872Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Litao Li
- Department of Neurology, 117872Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hebo Wang
- Graduate school, 12553Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Neurology, 117872Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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11
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Adin CA. Bilirubin as a Therapeutic Molecule: Challenges and Opportunities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1536. [PMID: 34679671 PMCID: PMC8532879 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is strong evidence that serum free bilirubin concentration has significant effects on morbidity and mortality in the most significant health conditions of our times, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity/metabolic syndrome. Supplementation of bilirubin in animal and experimental models has reproduced these protective effects, but several factors have slowed the application bilirubin as a therapeutic agent in human patients. Bilirubin is poorly soluble in water, and is a complex molecule that is difficult to synthesize. Current sources of this molecule are animal-derived, creating concerns regarding the risk of virus or prion transmission. However, recent developments in nanoparticle drug delivery, biosynthetic strategies, and drug synthesis have opened new avenues for applying bilirubin as a pharmaceutical agent. This article reviews the chemistry and physiology of bilirubin, potential clinical applications and summarizes current strategies for safe and efficient drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Adin
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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12
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Wagner KH, Khoei NS, Hana CA, Doberer D, Marculescu R, Bulmer AC, Hörmann-Wallner M, Mölzer C. Oxidative Stress and Related Biomarkers in Gilbert's Syndrome: A Secondary Analysis of Two Case-Control Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091474. [PMID: 34573106 PMCID: PMC8472792 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilirubin is an important antioxidant and a modulator of biological functions. However, most of the protection against oxidative stress was shown in vitro or ex vivo. The aim of this case-control study was to investigate whether subjects with Gilbert’s syndrome (GS) experience different levels of lipid and protein oxidation (as well as differences in oxidative stress related markers) compared to healthy controls. GS subjects (n = 119) demonstrated higher serum levels of unconjugated bilirubin (p < 0.001), a lower BMI (p < 0.001), 37% higher antioxidant potential assessed as ferric reducing ability potential (p < 0.001), higher advanced oxidation protein products (p < 0.01) andlower apolipoprotein B (p < 0.05), hs-C-reactive protein (p < 0.05), interleukin 6 (p < 0.001) and interleukin 1 beta (p < 0.05) values compared to healthy controls (n = 119). Furthermore, the resting heart rate was significantly lower in the GS group (p < 0.05). Stronger protective effects for GS subjects were demonstrated in the older subgroup (n = 104, average age 50 years) compared to those of the younger group (n = 134, average age 27 years). Although not all markers related to oxidative stress were different between the groups (e.g., malondialdehyde, homocysteine, oxLDL, and myeloperoxidase; p > 0.05), the observed differences contribute to the explanation of why GS serves as an important protector in the pathogenesis of metabolic, oxidative stress related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-4277 (ext. 54930)
| | | | - Claudia Anna Hana
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Daniel Doberer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Rodrig Marculescu
- Clinical Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Andrew Cameron Bulmer
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4222, Australia;
| | - Marlies Hörmann-Wallner
- Institute for Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences FH JOANNEUM, 8020 Graz, Austria;
| | - Christine Mölzer
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK;
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13
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Han Y, Zhuang Y, Tang W, Chen L, Chen Y, Gong Q, Zhang X. Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia and drug-induced liver injury present as bland cholestasis: A case report. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:456. [PMID: 33777192 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Anemias and drug-induced liver injury(DILI) are separate disorders, which are difficult to diagnose. The clinical effects of DILI vary among individuals. However, the outcome determinants remain to be fully established. To the best of our knowledge, the role of anemia in DILI has yet to be reported. The present study reported on the case of one Chinese patient (male; age, 21 years) who experienced obvious drug-induced cholestasis. Of note, the hepatocyte injury was minimal compared with that in previously reported cases treated with the same drug. In addition, the patient suffered from mild hemolytic anemia with no obvious cause. A genetic pedigree analysis revealed compound heterozygous mutations in the congenital anemia-associated gene codanin 1, including the novel rare p.R1067H mutation. Treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid alone sufficed and the outcome was good. Therefore, whilst chronic hemolysis predisposed the liver to cholestasis, it could have shielded the liver from further injuries, since bilirubin, a by-product of hemolysis, is a known antioxidant. The results of the present study indicated that genetic screening may be used for the diagnosis of liver injury concurring with undiagnosed anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China.,Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Weiliang Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Yejing Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Qionghai People's Hospital, Hainan 571400, P.R. China
| | - Qiming Gong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China.,Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Center, Ruijin Hospital North Campus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
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14
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Xie J, Zhang Z, Liang Y, Yang Z. Decreased Bilirubin is Associated With Disease Activity of Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. Arch Rheumatol 2021; 35:351-356. [PMID: 33458658 PMCID: PMC7788656 DOI: 10.46497/archrheumatol.2020.7633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to determine the serum bilirubin levels in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients and to explore clinical significance of bilirubin in pSS. Patients and methods Retrospective analysis of electronic medical records was performed in 97 pSS patients (12 males, 85 females; mean age 54±15 years; range, 15 to 91 years) and 100 healthy controls (17 males, 83 females; mean age 51±14 years; range, 25 to 75 years). Serum bilirubin and other variables were compared between pSS patients and healthy controls. The European League Against Rheumatism Sjögren's syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI) was used to assess the disease activity of pSS, and ESSDAI ≥5 was defined as moderate to high activity. The relationship between bilirubin and ESSDAI was analyzed by Spearman's correlation analysis and multivariable logistic regression. Results The median level of serum bilirubin was 9 μmol/L (interquartile range (IQR), 7-13 μmol/L) in pSS patients, much lower than healthy controls (median, IQR, 13, 10-18 μmol/L) (p<0.001). It was positively correlated with age (r=0.255, p=0.012), but negatively with immunoglobulin (Ig) A (r=-0.314, p=0.003), IgG (r=-0.265, p=0.015), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r=-0.309, p=0.002) and ESSDAI (r=-0.342, p=0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that increased bilirubin was independently associated with decreased risk of moderate to high disease activity (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 0.852, 0.730-0.955). Conclusion Serum bilirubin is decreased in pSS patients and may be a useful biomarker for reflecting pSS disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine,Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhencheng Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine,Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zaixing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine,Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
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15
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Shiels RG, Hewage W, Pennell EN, Vidimce J, Grant G, Pearson AG, Wagner KH, Morgan M, Bulmer AC. Biliverdin and bilirubin sulfonate inhibit monosodium urate induced sterile inflammation in the rat. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 155:105546. [PMID: 32927072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biliverdin, a by-product of haem catabolism, possesses potent endogenous antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Bilirubin-C10-sulfonate (BRS), an active metabolite formed after enteral administration of BV in the rat, also possess antioxidant properties. Therefore, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of BV and BRS in an in vivo model of monosodium urate induced sterile inflammation. METHODS Subcutaneous air pouches were created on the dorsal flanks of Wistar rats (10-12 weeks of age). Prior to stimulation of the 6-day old pouch with monosodium urate (25 mg), groups were pre-treated with intraperitoneal BRS (27 mg/kg) and BV (27 mg/kg). Total and differential leukocyte counts were determined in pouch fluid aspirate at 1, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h after monosodium urate stimulation. Biliverdin (BV), BRS and unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) concentrations in the serum and pouch fluid were quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Pouch fluid cytokine concentrations (IL-1β, IL-1α, TNF-α, IL-17A, IL-12, GM-CSF, IL-33, IFN-γ, IL-18, IL-10, MCP-1, CXCL-1 and IL-6) were assessed after 6 h. In addition, 24 h protein carbonyl and chloramine concentrations were assessed in pouch fluid using ELISA and spectrophotometry, respectively. RESULTS BRS and BV significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited leukocyte (total, neutrophil and macrophage) infiltration into the pouch fluid from 6 to 48 h. For example, after 6 h neutrophil counts decreased following BRS (0.32 ± 0.11 × 106 cells mL-1) and BV (0.17 ± 0.03 × 106 cells mL-1) compared to MSU only (3.51 ± 1.07 × 106 cells mL-1). Both BV and BRS significantly (p < 0.05) reduced pouch GM-CSF (BV: 5.8 ± 1.2 pg mL-1, BRS: 6.9 ± 1.5 pg mL-1 vs MSU only: 13.0 ± 1.9 pg mL-1) and MCP-1 concentrations at 6 h (BV: 1804 ± 269 pg mL-1, BRS: 7927 ± 2668 pg mL-1 vs MSU only: 17,290 ± 4503 pg ml-1), whilst BV additionally inhibited IL-6 (4354 ± 977 pg mL-1 vs MSU only: 25,070 ± 5178 pg mL-1) and IL-18 (17.6 ± 2.0 pg mL-1 vs MSU only: 81.5 ± 19.9 pg mL-1) concentrations at 6 h (p < 0.05). Despite these differences, no change in pouch chloramine or protein carbonyl concentrations occurred at 24 h (p > 0.05). Serum BV concentrations rapidly diminished over 6 h, however, BRS was readily detected in the serum over 48 h, and in pouch fluid over 12 h. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to elucidate anti-inflammatory activity of BRS and the efficacy of BV administration in a model of gouty inflammation. Reduced leukocyte infiltration and cytokine production in response to sterile inflammation further support the importance of these molecules in physiology and their therapeutic potential in sterile inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan G Shiels
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wenu Hewage
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Evan N Pennell
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Josif Vidimce
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gary Grant
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew G Pearson
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Morgan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew C Bulmer
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
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16
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Hao H, Guo H, Ma RL, Yan YZ, Hu YH, Ma JL, Zhang XH, Wang XP, Wang K, Mu LT, Song YP, Zhang JY, He J, Guo SX. Association of total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin content with metabolic syndrome among Kazakhs in Xinjiang. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:110. [PMID: 32698889 PMCID: PMC7376964 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-00563-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have shown that a high level of bilirubin is a protective factor against metabolic syndrome (MS), while a high level of transaminase is a risk factor for MS. However, the existing results are inconsistent and few cohort studies have been published. METHODS Using an ambispective cohort study, 565 Kazakhs from Xinjiang, China were selected as the study subjects. The baseline serum bilirubin and transaminase levels of the subjects were divided into quartiles and the relationship between these values and the incidence of MS was analyzed. The definition of MS was based on the Joint Interim Statement (JIS) diagnostic criteria. RESULTS The average follow-up time for the subjects was 5.72 years. The cumulative incidence of MS was 36.11% (204 of the 565 subjects), and the incidence density was 63.10/1000 person-years. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the levels of total bilirubin (TBIL) and indirect bilirubin (IBIL) were negatively correlated with the occurrence of MS, Compared to the lowest quartile level (Q1), the hazard ratios of MS the TBIL levels at the Q2-Q4 quartiles were: 0.47 (0.31-0.71), 0.53 (0.35-0.79), and 0.48 (0.32-0.72), respectively, while IBIL levels at the Q2-Q4 quartiles showed an MS hazard ratio of 0.48 (0.32-0.72), 0.54(0.36-0.81), and 0.52 (0.35-0.77), respectively, all at a 95% confidence level. However, no relationship was found between transaminase levels and the incidence of MS. CONCLUSION Serum TBIL and IBIL levels were negatively correlated with the incidence of MS in a Kazakh population in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hao
- Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Heng Guo
- Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ru-Lin Ma
- Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yi-Zhong Yan
- Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yun-Hua Hu
- Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiao-Long Ma
- Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiang-Hui Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xin-Ping Wang
- Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - La-Ti Mu
- Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yan-Peng Song
- Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jing-Yu Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Shu-Xia Guo
- Department of Public Health, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
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17
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Why some organ allografts are tolerated better than others: new insights for an old question. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2020; 24:49-57. [PMID: 30516578 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is great variability in how different organ allografts respond to the same tolerance induction protocol. Well known examples of this phenomenon include the protolerogenic nature of kidney and liver allografts as opposed to the tolerance-resistance of heart and lung allografts. This suggests there are organ-specific factors which differentially drive the immune response following transplantation. RECENT FINDINGS The specific cells or cell products that make one organ allograft more likely to be accepted off immunosuppression than another are largely unknown. However, new insights have been made in this area recently. SUMMARY The current review will focus on the organ-intrinsic factors that contribute to the organ-specific differences observed in tolerance induction with a view to developing therapeutic strategies to better prevent organ rejection and promote tolerance induction of all organs.
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18
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Lan Y, Liu H, Liu J, Zhao H, Wang H. Is serum total bilirubin a predictor of prognosis in arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease? A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17544. [PMID: 31626117 PMCID: PMC6824698 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective role of serum total bilirubin, a widely recognized antioxidant, has been approved by numerous updating studies. However, regarding the effect of high serum total bilirubin level (STBL) in arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) are conflicting in different sources of data. We, therefore, performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the influence of STBL on risk of ASCVD.Four databases were used to identify the literature with a date of search of January, 2019. Finally, a total of 20 studies had been adopted. ASCVD was defined as acute coronary syndrome, stable angina, coronary revascularization, atherosclerotic stroke or transient ischemic attack, and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). All relevant data were collected from studies meeting the inclusion criteria.A total of 20 published studies (323,891 cases) met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed that, in studies excluding heterogeneity, STBL was significantly positively related to in-hospital cardiovascular mortality (odds ratio [OR] 2.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.83-4.36, Z = 4.69, P < .001) and major adverse cardiac events (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.414-2.491, Z = 4.36, P < .001), also negatively associated with prognosis of acute myocardial infarction, pooled hazard ratio (HR) = 0.804 (95% CI 0.700-0.923, Z = 3.08, P = .002). The correlation similarity was also reflected in terms of patients with stroke (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.70-0.88, Z = 4.24, P = .003). Combined analysis revealed that lower STBL was significantly associated with PAD, pooled OR = 0.91 (95% CI 0.85-0.98, Z = 2.39, P = .017). In general analysis, a conclusion can be drawn, that higher STBL was significantly negative correlated with cardiovascular disease, pooled HR = 0.83 (95% CI 0.73-0.94, Z = 3.02, P = .003).Higher STBL significantly improved the prognosis of ASCVD; furthermore, STBL was an important factor in the long-term prognosis of vascular-related disease prevention and can be used as a predictor in vascular-related disease risk prediction.
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19
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Dong Y, Zhang J, Gao Z, Zhao H, Sun G, Wang X, Jia L. Characterization and anti-hyperlipidemia effects of enzymatic residue polysaccharides from Pleurotus ostreatus. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 129:316-325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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20
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Tang LH, Huang C, Feng YQ. Serum total bilirubin concentration is associated with carotid atherosclerosis in patients with prehypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2018; 41:682-686. [PMID: 30376387 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2018.1539094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-hui Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Hypertension Research Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Hypertension Research Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-qing Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Hypertension Research Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Sundararaghavan VL, Binepal S, Stec DE, Sindhwani P, Hinds TD. Bilirubin, a new therapeutic for kidney transplant? Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2018; 32:234-240. [PMID: 29983261 PMCID: PMC6535229 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In patients with end-stage renal disease, kidney transplantation has been associated with numerous benefits, including increased daily activity, and better survival rates. However, over 20% of kidney transplants result in rejection within five years. Rejection is primarily due to a hypersensitive immune system and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Bilirubin has been shown to be a potent antioxidant that is capable of potentially reversing or preventing damage from reactive oxygen species generated from ischemia and reperfusion. Additionally, bilirubin has several immunomodulatory effects that can dampen the immune system to promote organ acceptance. Increased bilirubin has also been shown to have a positive impact on renal hemodynamics, which is critical post-transplantation. Lastly, bilirubin levels have been correlated with biomarkers of successful transplantation. In this review, we discuss a multitude of potentially beneficial effects that bilirubin has on kidney acceptance of transplantation based on numerous clinical trials and animal models. Exogenous bilirubin delivery or increasing endogenous levels pre- or post-transplantation may have therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram L Sundararaghavan
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplant, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Sivjot Binepal
- Internal Medicine Department, Kettering Medical Center, Kettering, OH 45429, USA
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Puneet Sindhwani
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplant, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Terry D Hinds
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplant, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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22
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Bulmer AC, Bakrania B, Du Toit EF, Boon AC, Clark PJ, Powell LW, Wagner KH, Headrick JP. Bilirubin acts as a multipotent guardian of cardiovascular integrity: more than just a radical idea. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H429-H447. [PMID: 29600900 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00417.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bilirubin, a potentially toxic catabolite of heme and indicator of hepatobiliary insufficiency, exhibits potent cardiac and vascular protective properties. Individuals with Gilbert's syndrome (GS) may experience hyperbilirubinemia in response to stressors including reduced hepatic bilirubin excretion/increased red blood cell breakdown, with individuals usually informed by their clinician that their condition is of little consequence. However, GS appears to protect from all-cause mortality, with progressively elevated total bilirubin associated with protection from ischemic heart and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Bilirubin may protect against these diseases and associated mortality by reducing circulating cholesterol, oxidative lipid/protein modifications, and blood pressure. In addition, bilirubin inhibits platelet activation and protects the heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury. These effects attenuate multiple stages of the atherosclerotic process in addition to protecting the heart during resultant ischemic stress, likely underpinning the profound reduction in cardiovascular mortality in hyperbilirubinemic GS. This review outlines our current knowledge of and uses for bilirubin in clinical medicine and summarizes recent progress in revealing the physiological importance of this poorly understood molecule. We believe that this review will be of significant interest to clinicians, medical researchers, and individuals who have GS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Bulmer
- School of Medical Science and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University , Gold Coast, Queensland , Australia
| | - Bhavisha Bakrania
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Centre , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Eugene F Du Toit
- School of Medical Science and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University , Gold Coast, Queensland , Australia
| | - Ai-Ching Boon
- School of Medical Science and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University , Gold Coast, Queensland , Australia
| | - Paul J Clark
- QIMR-Berghofer Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Queensland and Princess Alexandra and Mater Hospitals , Brisbane, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Lawrie W Powell
- The Centre for the Advancement of Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research , Brisbane, Queensland , Australia
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - John P Headrick
- School of Medical Science and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University , Gold Coast, Queensland , Australia
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23
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Chen W, Maghzal GJ, Ayer A, Suarna C, Dunn LL, Stocker R. Absence of the biliverdin reductase-a gene is associated with increased endogenous oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 115:156-165. [PMID: 29195835 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bilirubin, a byproduct of heme catabolism, has been shown to be an effective lipid-soluble antioxidant in vitro. Bilirubin is able to inhibit free radical chain reactions and protects against oxidant-induced damage in vitro and ex vivo. However, direct evidence for bilirubin's antioxidant effects in vivo remains limited. As bilirubin is formed from biliverdin by biliverdin reductase, we generated global biliverdin reductase-a gene knockout (Bvra-/-) mice to assess the contribution of bilirubin as an endogenous antioxidant. Bvra-/- mice appear normal and are born at the expected Mendelian ratio from Bvra+/- x Bvra+/- matings. Compared with corresponding littermate Bvra+/+ and Bvra+/- animals, Bvra-/- mice have green gall bladders and their plasma concentrations of biliverdin and bilirubin are approximately 25-fold higher and 100-fold lower, respectively. Naïve Bvra-/- and Bvra+/+ mice have comparable plasma lipid profiles and low-molecular weight antioxidants, i.e., ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol and ubiquinol-9. Compared with wild-type littermates, however, plasma from Bvra-/- mice contains higher concentrations of cholesteryl ester hydroperoxides (CE-OOH), and their peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2) in erythrocytes is more oxidized as assessed by the extent of Prx2 dimerization. These data show that Bvra-/- mice experience higher oxidative stress in blood, implying that plasma bilirubin attenuates endogenous oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Chen
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ghassan J Maghzal
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anita Ayer
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cacang Suarna
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Louise L Dunn
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Roland Stocker
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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24
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Chmielewski P, Strzelec B, Chmielowiec J, Chmielowiec K, Borysławski K. Association of serum bilirubin with longevity: Evidence from a retrospective longitudinal study and cross-sectional data. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/anre-2017-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Bilirubin is a potent antioxidant and an important anti-inflammatory factor. Therefore, there has been an increasing focus on serum bilirubin as a negative risk factor of cardiovascular mortality in men and an indicator of improved survival in both sexes, but the direct mechanisms of these links and the causes of sex differences are not well understood. Moreover, the evidence from longitudinal studies on effects of bilirubin on longevity is limited. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed two groups of older adults to explore age-dependent changes in serum bilirubin levels and their associations with long-term survival in both sexes. Longitudinal data from 142 individuals (68 men and 74 women) aged 45 to 70 years were compared with cross-sectional data from 225 individuals (113 men and 112 women). The latter group was divided into four categories of survival, i.e. 53, 63, 68, and 76+ based on data on lifespan. ANOVA, t-test, and regression analysis were run. The analysis of the longitudinal data showed an increase in serum total bilirubin levels in men (0.3038e0.093x, R2 = 0.667) and women (0.1838e0.0187x, R2 = 0.950), while the analysis of cross-sectional data revealed a U-shaped pattern of age-related changes in men (0.001x2 - 0.1263x + 4.4524, R2 = 0.999) but an inverted U-shaped pattern in women (0.0006x2 + 0.072x - 1.6924, R2 = 0.195). On balance, these results suggest that elevated but normal bilirubin levels might confer a survival advantage in older men but not women. Alternatively, the positive relationship between serum total bilirubin and lifespan was not causal but coincidental. Further studies are needed to elucidate the direct mechanisms of the association between serum bilirubin levels and longevity in elderly people of both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Chmielewski
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Strzelec
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
- Department and Clinic of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Jolanta Chmielowiec
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Zielona Gora , Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Borysławski
- Department of Anthropology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland
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25
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Bakrania B, Du Toit EF, Ashton KJ, Wagner KH, Headrick JP, Bulmer AC. Chronically elevated bilirubin protects from cardiac reperfusion injury in the male Gunn rat. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 220:461-470. [PMID: 28207997 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Bilirubin is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, as evidenced in conditions of mild hyperbilirubinaemia (Gilbert's Syndrome). Little is known regarding myocardial stress resistance in hyperbilirubinaemic conditions or whether life-long exposure modifies cardiac function, which might contribute to protection from cardiovascular disease. METHODS Hyperbilirubinaemic rats and littermate controls underwent echocardiography at 3, 6 and 12 months of age, with hearts subsequently assessed for resistance to 30 min of ischaemia. Heart tissue was then collected for assessment of bilirubin content. RESULTS No difference in baseline cardiac function was evident until 6 months onwards, where Gunn rats demonstrated aortic dilatation and reduced peak ejection velocities. Additionally, duration of ventricular ejection increased progressively, indicating a negative inotropic effect of bilirubin in vivo. Ex vivo analysis of baseline function revealed reduced left ventricular pressure development (LVDP) and contractility in hyperbilirubinaemic rats. Furthermore, stress resistance was improved in Gunn hearts: post-ischaemic recoveries of LVDP (76 ± 22% vs. 29 ± 17% Control, P < 0.01) and coronary flow (96 ± 9% vs. 86 ± 16% Control, P < 0.01) were improved in Gunn hearts, accompanied by reduced infarct area (21 ± 5% vs. 47 ± 15% Control, P < 0.01), and ventricular malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl content. Expression of myocardial nitric oxide-regulating genes including Nos1 and Noa1 were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal life-long hyperbilirubinaemia induces age-dependent hypocontractility in male Gunn rats, and improved stress resistance. In addition, bilirubin exerts sex-independent effects on vascular structure, myocardial function and ischaemic tolerance, the latter likely mediated via bilirubin's antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Bakrania
- Heart Foundation Research Centre; Menzies Health Institute Queensland; Griffith University; Gold Coast Qld Australia
| | - E. F. Du Toit
- Heart Foundation Research Centre; Menzies Health Institute Queensland; Griffith University; Gold Coast Qld Australia
| | - K. J. Ashton
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine; Bond University; Gold Coast Qld Australia
| | - K-H. Wagner
- Heart Foundation Research Centre; Menzies Health Institute Queensland; Griffith University; Gold Coast Qld Australia
- Department of Nutritional Science; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - J. P. Headrick
- Heart Foundation Research Centre; Menzies Health Institute Queensland; Griffith University; Gold Coast Qld Australia
| | - A. C. Bulmer
- Heart Foundation Research Centre; Menzies Health Institute Queensland; Griffith University; Gold Coast Qld Australia
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26
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Gazzin S, Masutti F, Vitek L, Tiribelli C. The molecular basis of jaundice: An old symptom revisited. Liver Int 2017; 37:1094-1102. [PMID: 28004508 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Increased serum bilirubin level is a widely used diagnostic marker for hepatic illnesses. Nevertheless, mild elevation of unconjugated serum bilirubin (such as in Gilbert syndrome) has been recently demonstrated to correlate with low risk of chronic inflammatory and/or oxidative stress-mediated diseases. In accord, a low serum bilirubin level has emerged as an important predisposing factor or a biomarker of these pathologic conditions including cardiovascular, tumour, and possibly neurodegenerative diseases. Bilirubin possesses multiple biological actions with interaction in a complex network of enzymatic and signalling pathways. The fact that the liver is the main organ controlling the bioavailability of bilirubin emphasizes the central role of this organ in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gazzin
- Liver Research Center, Italian Liver Foundation - ONLUS, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy
| | - Flora Masutti
- Liver Research Center, Italian Liver Foundation - ONLUS, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy.,Center for Liver Diseases, Azienda Sanitaria Integrata (ASUITS), Trieste, Italy
| | - Libor Vitek
- 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Liver Research Center, Italian Liver Foundation - ONLUS, AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy
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27
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Abstract
Heme oxygenases are composed of two isozymes, Hmox1 and Hmox2, that catalyze the degradation of heme to carbon monoxide (CO), ferrous iron, and biliverdin, the latter of which is subsequently converted to bilirubin. While initially considered to be waste products, CO and biliverdin/bilirubin have been shown over the last 20 years to modulate key cellular processes, such as inflammation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis, as well as antioxidant defense. This shift in paradigm has led to the importance of heme oxygenases and their products in cell physiology now being well accepted. The identification of the two human cases thus far of heme oxygenase deficiency and the generation of mice deficient in Hmox1 or Hmox2 have reiterated a role for these enzymes in both normal cell function and disease pathogenesis, especially in the context of cardiovascular disease. This review covers the current knowledge on the function of both Hmox1 and Hmox2 at both a cellular and tissue level in the cardiovascular system. Initially, the roles of heme oxygenases in vascular health and the regulation of processes central to vascular diseases are outlined, followed by an evaluation of the role(s) of Hmox1 and Hmox2 in various diseases such as atherosclerosis, intimal hyperplasia, myocardial infarction, and angiogenesis. Finally, the therapeutic potential of heme oxygenases and their products are examined in a cardiovascular disease context, with a focus on how the knowledge we have gained on these enzymes may be capitalized in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Ayer
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia; and Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Abolfazl Zarjou
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia; and Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia; and Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Roland Stocker
- Vascular Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Australia; and Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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28
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Morita M, Naito Y, Yoshikawa T, Niki E. Plasma lipid oxidation induced by peroxynitrite, hypochlorite, lipoxygenase and peroxyl radicals and its inhibition by antioxidants as assessed by diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine. Redox Biol 2016; 8:127-35. [PMID: 26774081 PMCID: PMC4732020 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid oxidation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Lipids are oxidized in vivo by several different oxidants to give diverse products, in general lipid hydroperoxides as the major primary product. In the present study, the production of lipid hydroperoxides in the oxidation of mouse plasma induced by multiple oxidants was measured using diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine (DPPP) as a probe. DPPP itself is not fluorescent, but it reacts with lipid hydroperoxides stochiometrically to give highly fluorescent DPPP oxide and lipid hydroxides. The production of lipid hydroperoxides could be followed continuously in the oxidation of plasma induced by peroxynitrite, hypochlorite, 15-lipoxygenase, and peroxyl radicals with a microplate reader. A clear lag phase was observed in the plasma oxidation mediated by aqueous peroxyl radicals and peroxynitrite, but not in the oxidation induced by hypochlorite and lipoxygenase. The effects of several antioxidants against lipid oxidation induced by the above oxidants were assessed. The efficacy of antioxidants was dependent markedly on the type of oxidants. α-Tocopherol exerted potent antioxidant effects against peroxyl radical-mediated lipid peroxidation, but it did not inhibit lipid oxidation induced by peroxynitrite, hypochlorite, and 15-lipoxygenase efficiently, suggesting that multiple antioxidants with different selectivities are required for the inhibition of plasma lipid oxidation in vivo. This is a novel, simple and most high throughput method to follow plasma lipid oxidation induced by different oxidants and also to assess the antioxidant effects in biologically relevant settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Morita
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; Department of Gastrointestinal Immunology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Immunology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Etsuo Niki
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology, Health Research Institute, Takamatsu 761-0395, Japan.
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29
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Wegiel B, Hauser CJ, Otterbein LE. Heme as a danger molecule in pathogen recognition. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:651-61. [PMID: 26456060 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Appropriate control of redox mechanisms are critical for and effective innate immune response, which employs multiple cell types, receptors and molecules that recognize danger signals when they reach the host. Recognition of pathogen-associated pattern molecules (PAMPs) is a fundamental host survival mechanism for efficient elimination of invading pathogens and resolution of the infection and inflammation. In addition to PAMPs, eukaryotic cells contain a plethora of intracellular molecules that are normally secured within the confines of the plasma membrane, but if liberated and encountered in the extracellular milieu can provoke rapid cell activation. These are known as Alarmins or Danger-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) and can be released actively by cells or passively as a result of sterile cellular injury after trauma, ischemia, or toxin-induced cell rupture. Both PAMPs and DAMPs are recognized by a series of cognate receptors that increase the generation of free radicals and activate specific signaling pathways that result in regulation of a variety of stress response, redox sensitive genes. Multiple mediators released, as cells die include, but are not limited to ATP, hydrogen peroxide, heme, formyl peptides, DNA or mitochondria provide the second signal to amplify immune responses. In this review, we will focus on how sterile and infective stimuli activate the stress response gene heme oxygenase-1 (Hmox1, HO-1), a master gene critical to an appropriate host response that is now recognized as one with enormous therapeutic potential. HO-1 gene expression is regulated in large part by redox-sensitive proteins including but not limited to nrf2. Both PAMPs and DAMPs increase the activation of nrf2 and HO-1. Heme is a powerful pro-oxidant and as such should be qualified as a DAMP. With its degradation by HO-1a molecule of carbon monoxide (CO) is generated that in turn serves as a bioactive signaling molecule. PAMPs such as bacterial endotoxin activate HO-1, and the CO that is generated diffuses into the extracellular milieu where it interacts with bacteria, altering their behavior to increase production of ATP, which then functions as a second signal danger molecule. This two-hit cycle scenario results in efficient and effective activation of host leukocytes to attack and clear bacteria in part via enhanced reactive oxygen species generation. We discuss this intimate communication that occurs between host and bacteria and how these molecules serve as critical regulators of the acute inflammatory response, the overall redox status of the cell, and survival of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Wegiel
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Carl J Hauser
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Leo E Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215.
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30
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Boon AC, Lam AK, Gopalan V, Benzie IF, Briskey D, Coombes JS, Fassett RG, Bulmer AC. Endogenously elevated bilirubin modulates kidney function and protects from circulating oxidative stress in a rat model of adenine-induced kidney failure. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15482. [PMID: 26498893 PMCID: PMC4620450 DOI: 10.1038/srep15482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mildly elevated bilirubin is associated with a reduction in the presence and progression of chronic kidney disease and related mortality, which may be attributed to bilirubin's antioxidant properties. This study investigated whether endogenously elevated bilirubin would protect against adenine-induced kidney damage in male hyperbilirubinaemic Gunn rats and littermate controls. Animals were orally administered adenine or methylcellulose solvent (vehicle) daily for 10 days and were then monitored for 28 days. Serum and urine were assessed throughout the protocol for parameters of kidney function and antioxidant/oxidative stress status and kidneys were harvested for histological examination upon completion of the study. Adenine-treated animals experienced weight-loss, polyuria and polydipsia; however, these effects were significantly attenuated in adenine-treated Gunn rats. No difference in the presence of dihydroadenine crystals, lymphocytic infiltration and fibrosis were noted in Gunn rat kidneys versus controls. However, plasma protein carbonyl and F2-isoprostane concentrations were significantly decreased in Gunn rats versus controls, with no change in urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine or kidney tissue F2-isoprostane concentrations. These data indicated that endogenously elevated bilirubin specifically protects from systemic oxidative stress in the vascular compartment. These data may help to clarify the protective relationship between bilirubin, kidney function and cardiovascular mortality in clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ching Boon
- Heart Foundation Research Centre, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Alfred K Lam
- School of Medicine and Cancer Molecular Pathology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Pathology Queensland, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Vinod Gopalan
- School of Medicine and Cancer Molecular Pathology, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Iris F Benzie
- Department of Health Technology &Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - David Briskey
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Jeff S Coombes
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Robert G Fassett
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Andrew C Bulmer
- Heart Foundation Research Centre, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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