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Fructuoso M, Fernández-Blanco Á, Gallego-Román A, Sierra C, de Lagrán MM, Lorenzon N, De Toma I, Langohr K, Martín-García E, Maldonado R, Dairou J, Janel N, Dierssen M. Exploring the link between hedonic overeating and prefrontal cortex dysfunction in the Ts65Dn trisomic mouse model. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:370. [PMID: 37989807 PMCID: PMC11072570 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have a higher prevalence of obesity compared to the general population. Conventionally, this has been attributed to endocrine issues and lack of exercise. However, deficits in neural reward responses and dopaminergic disturbances in DS may be contributing factors. To investigate this, we focused on a mouse model (Ts65Dn) bearing some triplicated genes homologous to trisomy 21. Through detailed meal pattern analysis in male Ts65Dn mice, we observed an increased preference for energy-dense food, pointing towards a potential "hedonic" overeating behavior. Moreover, trisomic mice exhibited higher scores in compulsivity and inflexibility tests when limited access to energy-dense food and quinine hydrochloride adulteration were introduced, compared to euploid controls. Interestingly, when we activated prelimbic-to-nucleus accumbens projections in Ts65Dn male mice using a chemogenetic approach, impulsive and compulsive behaviors significantly decreased, shedding light on a promising intervention avenue. Our findings uncover a novel mechanism behind the vulnerability to overeating and offer potential new pathways for tackling obesity through innovative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fructuoso
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Blanco
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Gallego-Román
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cèsar Sierra
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Martínez de Lagrán
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicola Lorenzon
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ilario De Toma
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Klaus Langohr
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya/ BARCELONATECH, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martín-García
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de Les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologique, UMR 8601, CNRS, Université de Paris, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julien Dairou
- Departament de Psicobiologia i Metodologia de Les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologique, UMR 8601, CNRS, Université de Paris, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Janel
- BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Université de Paris, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-Neurophar, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Nguyen DT, Bricout VA, Tran HT, Pham VH, Duong-Quy S. Sleep apnea in people with Down syndrome: Causes and effects of physical activity? Front Neurol 2023; 14:1123624. [PMID: 36816555 PMCID: PMC9931749 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1123624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor sleep quality is recognized as a major risk factor for poor health, increasing the incidence of serious chronic diseases. In people with Down syndrome, sleep apnea prevalence is significantly greater, it is caused by genetic, anatomical, endocrine, and metabolic abnormalities. The consequences of sleep disruption due to sleep apnea are very serious, especially in terms of neurocognitive and cardiovascular effects, leading to reduced life expectancy and quality of life in this population. However, the management, care, and treatment of related disorders in people with Down syndrome are still inadequate and limited. Therefore, this article wants to increase understanding and awareness about sleep apnea and the benefits of physical activity in improving sleep quality in the Down syndrome community, families, and their care specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy-Thai Nguyen
- Clinical Research Committee, Vietnam Society of Sleep Medicine (VSSM), Da Lat, Vietnam,National Institute for Control of Vaccines and Biologicals, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Hong-Tram Tran
- National Institute for Control of Vaccines and Biologicals, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van-Hung Pham
- National Institute for Control of Vaccines and Biologicals, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sy Duong-Quy
- Sleep Lab Centre, Bio-Medical Research Centre, Lam Dong Medical College, Da Lat, Vietnam,Immuno-Allergology Division, Hershey Medical Center, Penn State Medical College, Hershey, PA, United States,Sleep Lab Unit, Outpatient Department, Pham Ngoc Thach Medical University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,Department of Respiratory Functional Exploration, University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,*Correspondence: Sy Duong-Quy ✉
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3
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Sarver DC, Xu C, Velez LM, Aja S, Jaffe AE, Seldin MM, Reeves RH, Wong GW. Dysregulated systemic metabolism in a Down syndrome mouse model. Mol Metab 2023; 68:101666. [PMID: 36587842 PMCID: PMC9841171 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Trisomy 21 is one of the most complex genetic perturbations compatible with postnatal survival. Dosage imbalance arising from the triplication of genes on human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) affects multiple organ systems. Much of Down syndrome (DS) research, however, has focused on addressing how aneuploidy dysregulates CNS function leading to cognitive deficit. Although obesity, diabetes, and associated sequelae such as fatty liver and dyslipidemia are well documented in the DS population, only limited studies have been conducted to determine how gene dosage imbalance affects whole-body metabolism. Here, we conduct a comprehensive and systematic analysis of key metabolic parameters across different physiological states in the Ts65Dn trisomic mouse model of DS. METHODS Ts65Dn mice and euploid littermates were subjected to comprehensive metabolic phenotyping under basal (chow-fed) state and the pathophysiological state of obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). RNA sequencing of liver, skeletal muscle, and two major fat depots were conducted to determine the impact of aneuploidy on tissue transcriptome. Pathway enrichments, gene-centrality, and key driver estimates were performed to provide insights into tissue autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms contributing to the dysregulation of systemic metabolism. RESULTS Under the basal state, chow-fed Ts65Dn mice of both sexes had elevated locomotor activity and energy expenditure, reduced fasting serum cholesterol levels, and mild glucose intolerance. Sexually dimorphic deterioration in metabolic homeostasis became apparent when mice were challenged with a high-fat diet. While obese Ts65Dn mice of both sexes exhibited dyslipidemia, male mice also showed impaired systemic insulin sensitivity, reduced mitochondrial activity, and elevated fibrotic and inflammatory gene signatures in the liver and adipose tissue. Systems-level analysis highlighted conserved pathways and potential endocrine drivers of adipose-liver crosstalk that contribute to dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS A combined alteration in the expression of trisomic and disomic genes in peripheral tissues contribute to metabolic dysregulations in Ts65Dn mice. These data lay the groundwork for understanding the impact of aneuploidy on in vivo metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan C Sarver
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leandro M Velez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Susan Aja
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew E Jaffe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marcus M Seldin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA; Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Roger H Reeves
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - G William Wong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Sarver DC, Xu C, Rodriguez S, Aja S, Jaffe AE, Gao FJ, Delannoy M, Periasamy M, Kazuki Y, Oshimura M, Reeves RH, Wong GW. Hypermetabolism in mice carrying a near complete human chromosome 21. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.30.526183. [PMID: 36778465 PMCID: PMC9915508 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.30.526183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The consequences of aneuploidy have traditionally been studied in cell and animal models in which the extrachromosomal DNA is from the same species. Here, we explore a fundamental question concerning the impact of aneuploidy on systemic metabolism using a non-mosaic transchromosomic mouse model (TcMAC21) carrying a near complete human chromosome 21. Independent of diets and housing temperatures, TcMAC21 mice consume more calories, are hyperactive and hypermetabolic, remain consistently lean and profoundly insulin sensitive, and have a higher body temperature. The hypermetabolism and elevated thermogenesis are due to sarcolipin overexpression in the skeletal muscle, resulting in futile sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase (SERCA) activity and energy dissipation. Mitochondrial respiration is also markedly increased in skeletal muscle to meet the high ATP demand created by the futile cycle. This serendipitous discovery provides proof-of-concept that sarcolipin-mediated thermogenesis via uncoupling of the SERCA pump can be harnessed to promote energy expenditure and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan C. Sarver
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susana Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan Aja
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew E. Jaffe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,The Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Feng J. Gao
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Delannoy
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Muthu Periasamy
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan,Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Roger H. Reeves
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - G. William Wong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,Correspondence:
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Genetics of Obesity in Humans: A Clinical Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911005. [PMID: 36232301 PMCID: PMC9569701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex multifactorial disorder with genetic and environmental factors. There is an increase in the worldwide prevalence of obesity in both developed and developing countries. The development of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) has increased the discovery of genetic associations and awareness of monogenic and polygenic causes of obesity. The genetics of obesity could be classified into syndromic and non-syndromic obesity. Prader–Willi, fragile X, Bardet–Biedl, Cohen, and Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy (AHO) syndromes are examples of syndromic obesity, which are associated with developmental delay and early onset obesity. Non-syndromic obesity could be monogenic, polygenic, or chromosomal in origin. Monogenic obesity is caused by variants of single genes while polygenic obesity includes several genes with the involvement of members of gene families. New advances in genetic testing have led to the identification of obesity-related genes. Leptin (LEP), the leptin receptor (LEPR), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), prohormone convertase 1 (PCSK1), the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), single-minded homolog 1 (SIM1), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2 gene (NTRK2) have been reported as causative genes for obesity. NGS is now in use and emerging as a useful tool to search for candidate genes for obesity in clinical settings.
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6
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Martinez de Lagran M, Elizalde-Torrent A, Paredes R, Clotet B, Dierssen M. Lamivudine, a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, rescues cognitive deficits in a mouse model of down syndrome. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4210-4215. [PMID: 35762509 PMCID: PMC9344819 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An elevated activity of retrotransposons is increasingly recognized to be implicated in a wide range of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic disorder associated with intellectual disability and a genetic form of Alzheimer's disease. For this reason, we hypothesized that treatment with reverse transcriptase inhibitors could ameliorate DS phenotypes. In this proof of concept study, we treated trisomic (Ts65Dn) mice, a model of DS, with lamivudine, a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. We detected a significant improvement of neurobehavioural phenotypes, and a complete rescue of the hippocampal‐dependent recognition memory upon treatment with lamivudine. Despite clinical studies in patients with DS are warranted, this study lays the groundwork for a novel and actionable therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Martinez de Lagran
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Roger Paredes
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Tallino S, Winslow W, Bartholomew SK, Velazquez R. Temporal and brain region-specific elevations of soluble Amyloid-β 40-42 in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13590. [PMID: 35290711 PMCID: PMC9009111 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a leading cause of intellectual disability that also results in hallmark Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathologies such as amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau. The Ts65Dn mouse model is commonly used to study DS, as trisomic Ts65Dn mice carry 2/3 of the triplicated gene homologues as occur in human DS. The Ts65Dn strain also allows investigation of mechanisms common to DS and AD pathology, with many of these triplicated genes implicated in AD; for example, trisomic Ts65Dn mice overproduce amyloid precursor protein (APP), which is then processed into soluble Aβ40-42 fragments. Notably, Ts65Dn mice show alterations to the basal forebrain, which parallels the loss of function in this region observed in DS and AD patients early on in disease progression. However, a complete picture of soluble Aβ40-42 accumulation in a region-, age-, and sex-specific manner has not yet been characterized in the Ts65Dn model. Here, we show that trisomic mice accumulate soluble Aβ40-42 in the basal forebrain, frontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum in an age-specific manner, with elevation in the frontal cortex and hippocampus as early as 4 months of age. Furthermore, we detected sex differences in accumulation of Aβ40-42 within the basal forebrain, with females having significantly higher Aβ40-42 at 7-8 months of age. Lastly, we show that APP expression in the basal forebrain and hippocampus inversely correlates with Aβ40-42 levels. This spatial and temporal characterization of soluble Aβ40-42 in the Ts65Dn model allows for further exploration of the role soluble Aβ plays in the progression of other AD-like pathologies in these key brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah Tallino
- Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
- School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Wendy Winslow
- Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Samantha K. Bartholomew
- Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Ramon Velazquez
- Arizona State University‐Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
- School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium Phoenix Arizona USA
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Alldred MJ, Lee SH, Ginsberg SD. Adiponectin Modulation by Genotype and Maternal Choline Supplementation in a Mouse Model of Down Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2994. [PMID: 34279477 PMCID: PMC8267749 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder caused by the triplication of human chromosome 21, which results in neurological and physiological pathologies. These deficits increase during aging and are exacerbated by cognitive decline and increase of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology. A nontoxic, noninvasive treatment, maternal choline supplementation (MCS) attenuates cognitive decline in mouse models of DS and AD. To evaluate potential underlying mechanisms, laser capture microdissection of individual neuronal populations of MCS offspring was performed, followed by RNA sequencing and bioinformatic inquiry. Results at ~6 months of age (MO) revealed DS mice (the well-established Ts65Dn model) have significant dysregulation of select genes within the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) signaling pathway relative to normal disomic (2N) littermates. Accordingly, we interrogated key T2DM protein hormones by ELISA assay in addition to gene and encoded protein levels in the brain. We found dysregulation of adiponectin (APN) protein levels in the frontal cortex of ~6 MO trisomic mice, which was attenuated by MCS. APN receptors also displayed expression level changes in response to MCS. APN is a potential biomarker for AD pathology and may be relevant in DS. We posit that changes in APN signaling may be an early marker of cognitive decline and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J. Alldred
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sang Han Lee
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA;
- Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Stephen D. Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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9
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Lanzillotta C, Tramutola A, Di Giacomo G, Marini F, Butterfield DA, Di Domenico F, Perluigi M, Barone E. Insulin resistance, oxidative stress and mitochondrial defects in Ts65dn mice brain: A harmful synergistic path in down syndrome. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:152-170. [PMID: 33516914 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of brain insulin signaling with reduced downstream neuronal survival and plasticity mechanisms are fundamental abnormalities observed in Alzheimer disease (AD). This phenomenon, known as brain insulin resistance, is associated with poor cognitive performance and is driven by the inhibition of IRS1. Since Down syndrome (DS) and AD neuropathology share many common features, we investigated metabolic aspects of neurodegeneration in DS and whether they contribute to early onset AD in DS. We evaluated levels and activation of proteins belonging to the insulin signaling pathway (IR, IRS1, BVR-A, MAPK, PTEN, Akt, GSK3β, PKCζ, AS160, GLUT4) in the frontal cortex of Ts65dn (DS model) (n = 5-6/group) and euploid mice (n = 6/group) at different ages (1, 3, 9 and 18 months). Furthermore, we analyzed whether changes of brain insulin signaling were associated with alterations of: (i) proteins regulating brain energy metabolism (mitochondrial complexes, hexokinase-II, Sirt1); (ii) oxidative stress (OS) markers (iii) APP cleavage; and (iv) proteins mediating synaptic plasticity mechanisms (PSD95, syntaxin-1 and BDNF). Ts65dn mice showed an overall impairment of the above-mentioned pathways, mainly characterized by defects of proteins activation state. Such alterations start early in life (at 1 month, during brain maturation). In particular, accumulation of inhibited IRS1, together with the uncoupling among the proteins downstream from IRS1 (brain insulin resistance), characterize Ts65dn mice. Furthermore, reduced levels of mitochondrial complexes and Sirt1, as well as increased indices of OS also were observed. These alterations precede the accumulation of APP-C99 in Ts65dn mice. Tellingly, oxidative stress levels were negatively associated with IR, IRS1 and AS160 activation as well as mitochondrial complexes levels in Ts65dn mice, suggesting a role for oxidative stress in the observed alterations. We propose that a close link exists among brain insulin resistance, mitochondrial defects and OS that contributes to brain dysfunctions observed in DS, likely favoring the development of AD in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lanzillotta
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Graziella Di Giacomo
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Federico Marini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0055, USA
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy.
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10
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Moreau M, Benhaddou S, Dard R, Tolu S, Hamzé R, Vialard F, Movassat J, Janel N. Metabolic Diseases and Down Syndrome: How Are They Linked Together? Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020221. [PMID: 33671490 PMCID: PMC7926648 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of a third copy of chromosome 21, associated with intellectual disabilities. Down syndrome is associated with anomalies of both the nervous and endocrine systems. Over the past decades, dramatic advances in Down syndrome research and treatment have helped to extend the life expectancy of these patients. Improved life expectancy is obviously a positive outcome, but it is accompanied with the need to address previously overlooked complications and comorbidities of Down syndrome, including obesity and diabetes, in order to improve the quality of life of Down syndrome patients. In this focused review, we describe the associations between Down syndrome and comorbidities, obesity and diabetes, and we discuss the understanding of proposed mechanisms for the association of Down syndrome with metabolic disorders. Drawing molecular mechanisms through which Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes could be linked to Down syndrome could allow identification of novel drug targets and provide therapeutic solutions to limit the development of metabolic and cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Moreau
- Laboratoire Processus Dégénératifs, Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Stress et Vieillissemen, F-75013 Paris, France; (M.M.); (S.B.); (R.D.)
| | - Soukaina Benhaddou
- Laboratoire Processus Dégénératifs, Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Stress et Vieillissemen, F-75013 Paris, France; (M.M.); (S.B.); (R.D.)
| | - Rodolphe Dard
- Laboratoire Processus Dégénératifs, Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Stress et Vieillissemen, F-75013 Paris, France; (M.M.); (S.B.); (R.D.)
- Genetics Deptartment, CHI Poissy St Germain-en-Laye, F-78300 Poissy, France;
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, ENVA, BREED, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Stefania Tolu
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine, Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France; (S.T.); (R.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Rim Hamzé
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine, Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France; (S.T.); (R.H.); (J.M.)
| | - François Vialard
- Genetics Deptartment, CHI Poissy St Germain-en-Laye, F-78300 Poissy, France;
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, ENVA, BREED, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jamileh Movassat
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine, Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France; (S.T.); (R.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Nathalie Janel
- Laboratoire Processus Dégénératifs, Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Stress et Vieillissemen, F-75013 Paris, France; (M.M.); (S.B.); (R.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-57-27-83-60; Fax: +33-1-57-27-83-54
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11
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De Toma I, Dierssen M. Network analysis of Down syndrome and SARS-CoV-2 identifies risk and protective factors for COVID-19. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1930. [PMID: 33479353 PMCID: PMC7820501 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81451-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection has spread uncontrollably worldwide while it remains unknown how vulnerable populations, such as Down syndrome (DS) individuals are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Individuals with DS have more risk of infections with respiratory complications and present signs of auto-inflammation. They also present with multiple comorbidities that are associated with poorer COVID-19 prognosis in the general population. All this might place DS individuals at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or poorer clinical outcomes. In order to get insight into the interplay between DS genes and SARS-cov2 infection and pathogenesis we identified the genes associated with the molecular pathways involved in COVID-19 and the host proteins interacting with viral proteins from SARS-CoV-2. We then analyzed the overlaps of these genes with HSA21 genes, HSA21 interactors and other genes consistently differentially expressed in DS (using public transcriptomic datasets) and created a DS-SARS-CoV-2 network. We detected COVID-19 protective and risk factors among HSA21 genes and interactors and/or DS deregulated genes that might affect the susceptibility of individuals with DS both at the infection stage and in the progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Our analysis suggests that at the infection stage DS individuals might be more susceptible to infection due to triplication of TMPRSS2, that primes the viral S protein for entry in the host cells. However, as the anti-viral interferon I signaling is also upregulated in DS, this might increase the initial anti-viral response, inhibiting viral genome release, viral replication and viral assembly. In the second pro-inflammatory immunopathogenic phase of the infection, the prognosis for DS patients might worsen due to upregulation of inflammatory genes that might favor the typical cytokine storm of COVID-19. We also detected strong downregulation of the NLRP3 gene, critical for maintenance of homeostasis against pathogenic infections, possibly leading to bacterial infection complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilario De Toma
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Networking Center On Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Dierssen M, Fructuoso M, Martínez de Lagrán M, Perluigi M, Barone E. Down Syndrome Is a Metabolic Disease: Altered Insulin Signaling Mediates Peripheral and Brain Dysfunctions. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:670. [PMID: 32733190 PMCID: PMC7360727 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is the most frequent chromosomal abnormality that causes intellectual disability, resulting from the presence of an extra complete or segment of chromosome 21 (HSA21). In addition, trisomy of HSA21 contributes to altered energy metabolism that appears to be a strong determinant in the development of pathological phenotypes associated with DS. Alterations include, among others, mitochondrial defects, increased oxidative stress levels, impaired glucose, and lipid metabolism, finally resulting in reduced energy production and cellular dysfunctions. These molecular defects seem to account for a high incidence of metabolic disorders, i.e., diabetes and/or obesity, as well as a higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in DS. A dysregulation of the insulin signaling with reduced downstream pathways represents a common pathophysiological aspect in the development of both peripheral and central alterations leading to diabetes/obesity and AD. This is further strengthened by evidence showing that the molecular mechanisms responsible for such alterations appear to be similar between peripheral organs and brain. Considering that DS subjects are at high risk to develop either peripheral or brain metabolic defects, this review will discuss current knowledge about the link between trisomy of HSA21 and defects of insulin and insulin-related pathways in DS. Drawing the molecular signature underlying these processes in DS is a key challenge to identify novel drug targets and set up new prevention strategies aimed to reduce the impact of metabolic disorders and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Dierssen
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Fructuoso
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Martínez de Lagrán
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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13
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Gutierrez-Hervas A, Gómez-Martínez S, Izquierdo-Gómez R, Veiga OL, Perez-Bey A, Castro-Piñero J, Marcos A. Inflammation and fatness in adolescents with and without Down syndrome: UP & DOWN study. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2020; 64:170-179. [PMID: 31858639 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main objective of this study was to describe the inflammatory status of adolescents with Down syndrome (DS) and their relationship with adiposity. METHODS Ninety-five adolescents with DS (44.2% girls) and a control group of 113 adolescents (47.8% girls), aged between 11 and 18 years old, from the UP & DOWN study were included in this substudy. Serum C-reactive protein, C3 and C4 complement factors, total proteins, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α, insulin, cortisol, leptin, adiponectin, galactin-3 and visfatin were analysed; homeostatic model assessment index was calculated. In order to evaluate adiposity, we measured the following body fat variables: weight, height, waist circumference and skinfold thicknesses. Birth weight was obtained by questionnaire. In addition, body mass index, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and body fat percentage (BF%) were calculated. RESULTS Down syndrome group showed higher levels of body mass index, WHtR, waist circumference, BF% and lower birth weight than controls (P < 0.001). In the general linear model in the total sample, WHtR was positively associated with C3 and C4 (P < 0.001) as well as with leptin levels (P = 0.015). BF% was positively associated with total proteins (P = 0.093) and leptin levels (P < 0.001). DS was positively associated with total proteins (P < 0.001), C3 (P = 0.047) and C4 (P = 0.019). Despite the higher levels of adiposity found in DS group, no direct association was found between BF% and leptin levels, comparing with the control group. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that abdominal obesity should be controlled in adolescents because of its relationship with acute phase-inflammatory biomarkers but especially in DS adolescents who may show a peculiar metabolic status according to their relationship between adiposity and inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gutierrez-Hervas
- Nursing Department, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism (DMN), Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - S Gómez-Martínez
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism (DMN), Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - R Izquierdo-Gómez
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - O L Veiga
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Faculty of Education, Autonomous University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Perez-Bey
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - J Castro-Piñero
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - A Marcos
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism (DMN), Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Bontempi P, Cisterna B, Malatesta M, Nicolato E, Mucignat-Caretta C, Zancanaro C. A smaller olfactory bulb in a mouse model of Down syndrome. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2020. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2020-034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Hamlett ED, Ledreux A, Gilmore A, Vazey EM, Aston-Jones G, Boger HA, Paredes D, Granholm ACE. Inhibitory designer receptors aggravate memory loss in a mouse model of down syndrome. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 134:104616. [PMID: 31678403 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pontine nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) is the primary source of noradrenergic (NE) projections to the brain and is important for working memory, attention, and cognitive flexibility. Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) with high penetrance and often exhibit working memory deficits coupled with degeneration of LC-NE neurons early in the progression of AD pathology. Designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) are chemogenetic tools that allow targeted manipulation of discrete neuronal populations in the brain without the confounds of off-target effects. We utilized male Ts65Dn mice (a mouse model for DS), and male normosomic (NS) controls to examine the effects of inhibitory DREADDs delivered via an AAV vector under translational control of the synthetic PRSx8, dopamine β hydroxylase (DβH) promoter. This chemogenetic tool allowed LC inhibition upon administration of the inert DREADD ligand, clozapine-N-oxide (CNO). DREADD-mediated LC inhibition impaired performance in a novel object recognition task and reversal learning in a spatial task. DREADD-mediated LC inhibition gave rise to an elevation of α-adrenoreceptors both in NS and in Ts65Dn mice. Further, microglial markers showed that the inhibitory DREADD stimulation led to increased microglial activation in the hippocampus in Ts65Dn but not in NS mice. These findings strongly suggest that LC signaling is important for intact memory and learning in Ts65Dn mice and disruption of these neurons leads to increased inflammation and dysregulation of adrenergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Hamlett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Aurélie Ledreux
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Anah Gilmore
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Elena M Vazey
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Gary Aston-Jones
- Rutgers Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Heather A Boger
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Daniel Paredes
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown, Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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