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Gaborit B, Julla JB, Fournel J, Ancel P, Soghomonian A, Deprade C, Lasbleiz A, Houssays M, Ghattas B, Gascon P, Righini M, Matonti F, Venteclef N, Potier L, Gautier JF, Resseguier N, Bartoli A, Mourre F, Darmon P, Jacquier A, Dutour A. Fully automated epicardial adipose tissue volume quantification with deep learning and relationship with CAC score and micro/macrovascular complications in people living with type 2 diabetes: the multicenter EPIDIAB study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:328. [PMID: 39227844 PMCID: PMC11373274 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02411-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study (EPIDIAB) was to assess the relationship between epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and the micro and macrovascular complications (MVC) of type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS EPIDIAB is a post hoc analysis from the AngioSafe T2D study, which is a multicentric study aimed at determining the safety of antihyperglycemic drugs on retina and including patients with T2D screened for diabetic retinopathy (DR) (n = 7200) and deeply phenotyped for MVC. Patients included who had undergone cardiac CT for CAC (Coronary Artery Calcium) scoring after inclusion (n = 1253) were tested with a validated deep learning segmentation pipeline for EAT volume quantification. RESULTS Median age of the study population was 61 [54;67], with a majority of men (57%) a median duration of the disease 11 years [5;18] and a mean HbA1c of7.8 ± 1.4%. EAT was significantly associated with all traditional CV risk factors. EAT volume significantly increased with chronic kidney disease (CKD vs no CKD: 87.8 [63.5;118.6] vs 82.7 mL [58.8;110.8], p = 0.008), coronary artery disease (CAD vs no CAD: 112.2 [82.7;133.3] vs 83.8 mL [59.4;112.1], p = 0.0004, peripheral arterial disease (PAD vs no PAD: 107 [76.2;141] vs 84.6 mL[59.2; 114], p = 0.0005 and elevated CAC score (> 100 vs < 100 AU: 96.8 mL [69.1;130] vs 77.9 mL [53.8;107.7], p < 0.0001). By contrast, EAT volume was neither associated with DR, nor with peripheral neuropathy. We further evidenced a subgroup of patients with high EAT volume and a null CAC score. Interestingly, this group were more likely to be composed of young women with a high BMI, a lower duration of T2D, a lower prevalence of microvascular complications, and a higher inflammatory profile. CONCLUSIONS Fully-automated EAT volume quantification could provide useful information about the risk of both renal and macrovascular complications in T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Gaborit
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France.
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Pôle ENDO, Chemin des Bourrely, APHM, Hôpital Nord, 13915 Marseille Cedex 20, Marseille, France.
| | - Jean Baptiste Julla
- IMMEDIAB Laboratory, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), CNRS UMR 8253, INSERM U1151, Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
- Diabetology and Endocrinology Department, Féderation de Diabétologie, Université Paris Cité, Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, 75015, Paris, France
| | | | - Patricia Ancel
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Astrid Soghomonian
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Pôle ENDO, Chemin des Bourrely, APHM, Hôpital Nord, 13915 Marseille Cedex 20, Marseille, France
| | - Camille Deprade
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Pôle ENDO, Chemin des Bourrely, APHM, Hôpital Nord, 13915 Marseille Cedex 20, Marseille, France
| | - Adèle Lasbleiz
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Pôle ENDO, Chemin des Bourrely, APHM, Hôpital Nord, 13915 Marseille Cedex 20, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France
| | - Marie Houssays
- Medical Evaluation Department, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, CIC-CPCET, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Badih Ghattas
- Aix Marseille School of Economics, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Gascon
- Centre Monticelli Paradis, 433 Bis Rue Paradis, 13008, Marseille, France
| | - Maud Righini
- Ophtalmology Department, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Univ, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Frédéric Matonti
- Centre Monticelli Paradis, 433 Bis Rue Paradis, 13008, Marseille, France
- National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Timone Neuroscience Institute (INT), Aix Marseille Univ, 13008, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Venteclef
- IMMEDIAB Laboratory, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), CNRS UMR 8253, INSERM U1151, Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Louis Potier
- IMMEDIAB Laboratory, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), CNRS UMR 8253, INSERM U1151, Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
- Diabetology and Endocrinology Department, Fédération de Diabétologie, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jean François Gautier
- IMMEDIAB Laboratory, Institut Necker Enfants Malades (INEM), CNRS UMR 8253, INSERM U1151, Université Paris Cité, 75015, Paris, France
- Diabetology and Endocrinology Department, Féderation de Diabétologie, Université Paris Cité, Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Noémie Resseguier
- Support Unit for Clinical Research and Economic Evaluation, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13385, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Univ, EA 3279 CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Marseille, France
| | - Axel Bartoli
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France
- Department of Radiology, Hôpital de la TIMONE, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Florian Mourre
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Pôle ENDO, Chemin des Bourrely, APHM, Hôpital Nord, 13915 Marseille Cedex 20, Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Darmon
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Pôle ENDO, Chemin des Bourrely, APHM, Hôpital Nord, 13915 Marseille Cedex 20, Marseille, France
| | - Alexis Jacquier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France
- Department of Radiology, Hôpital de la TIMONE, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Dutour
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition, Pôle ENDO, Chemin des Bourrely, APHM, Hôpital Nord, 13915 Marseille Cedex 20, Marseille, France
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Simantiris S, Pappa A, Papastamos C, Korkonikitas P, Antoniades C, Tsioufis C, Tousoulis D. Perivascular Fat: A Novel Risk Factor for Coronary Artery Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1830. [PMID: 39202318 PMCID: PMC11353828 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14161830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) interacts with the vascular wall and secretes bioactive factors which regulate vascular wall physiology. Vice versa, vascular wall inflammation affects the adjacent PVAT via paracrine signals, which induce cachexia-type morphological changes in perivascular fat. These changes can be quantified in pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT), as an increase in PCAT attenuation in coronary computed tomography angiography images. Fat attenuation index (FAI), a novel imaging biomarker, measures PCAT attenuation around coronary artery segments and is associated with coronary artery disease presence, progression, and plaque instability. Beyond its diagnostic capacity, PCAT attenuation can also ameliorate cardiac risk stratification, thus representing an innovative prognostic biomarker of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, technical, biological, and anatomical factors are weakly related to PCAT attenuation and cause variation in its measurement. Thus, to integrate FAI, a research tool, into clinical practice, a medical device has been designed to provide FAI values standardized for these factors. In this review, we discuss the interplay of PVAT with the vascular wall, the diagnostic and prognostic value of PCAT attenuation, and its integration as a CVD risk marker in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Simantiris
- 1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.S.)
| | - Aikaterini Pappa
- Cardiology Department, Konstantopouleio General Hospital, 14233 Nea Ionia, Greece
| | - Charalampos Papastamos
- 1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.S.)
| | | | - Charalambos Antoniades
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Constantinos Tsioufis
- 1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.S.)
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.S.)
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Sigdel S, Udoh G, Albalawy R, Wang J. Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Perivascular Adipose Tissue-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: New Insights in Vascular Disease. Cells 2024; 13:1309. [PMID: 39195199 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a special deposit of fat tissue surrounding the vasculature. Previous studies suggest that PVAT modulates the vasculature function in physiological conditions and is implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Understanding how PVAT influences vasculature function and vascular disease progression is important. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are novel mediators of intercellular communication. EVs encapsulate molecular cargo such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. EVs can influence cellular functions by transferring the carried bioactive molecules. Emerging evidence indicates that PVAT-derived EVs play an important role in vascular functions under health and disease conditions. This review will focus on the roles of PVAT and PVAT-EVs in obesity, diabetic, and metabolic syndrome-related vascular diseases, offering novel insights into therapeutic targets for vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smara Sigdel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Gideon Udoh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Rakan Albalawy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Jinju Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
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Ferreira-Junior MD, Cavalcante KVN, Costa JM, Bessa ASM, Amaro A, de Castro CH, Xavier CH, Silva S, Fonseca DA, Matafome P, Gomes RM. Early Methylglyoxal Exposure Leads to Worsened Cardiovascular Function in Young Rats. Nutrients 2024; 16:2029. [PMID: 38999777 PMCID: PMC11243563 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though maternal diabetes effects are well described in the literature, the effects of maternal diabetes in postnatal phases are often overlooked. Diabetic individuals have higher levels of circulating glycotoxins, and there is a positive correlation between maternal-derived glycotoxins and circulating glycotoxins in their progeny. Previous studies evaluated the metabolic effects of high glycotoxin exposure during lactation in adult animals. However, here we focus on the cardiovascular system of juvenile rats. METHODS For this, we used two experimental models: 1. High Methylglyoxal (MG) environment: pregnant Wistar rats were injected with PBS (VEH group) or Methylglyoxal (MG group; 60 mg/kg/day; orally, postnatal day (PND) 3 to PND14). 2. GLO-1 inhibition: pregnant Wistar rats were injected with dimethyl sulfoxide (VEH group) or a GLO-1 inhibitor (BBGC group; 5 mg/kg/day; subcutaneously, PND1-PND5). The offspring were evaluated at PND45. RESULTS MG offspring presented cardiac dysfunction and subtly worsened vasomotor responses in the presence of perivascular adipose tissue, without morphological alterations. In addition, an endogenous increase in maternal glycotoxins impacts offspring vasomotricity due to impaired redox status. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that early glycotoxin exposure led to cardiac and vascular impairments, which may increase the risk for developing cardiovascular diseases later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Divino Ferreira-Junior
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal (A.A.); (S.S.); (D.A.F.)
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900 Goiás, Brazil; (J.M.C.); (A.S.M.B.); (C.H.d.C.); (C.H.X.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Keilah Valéria N. Cavalcante
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal (A.A.); (S.S.); (D.A.F.)
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900 Goiás, Brazil; (J.M.C.); (A.S.M.B.); (C.H.d.C.); (C.H.X.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Jaqueline M. Costa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900 Goiás, Brazil; (J.M.C.); (A.S.M.B.); (C.H.d.C.); (C.H.X.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Amanda S. M. Bessa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900 Goiás, Brazil; (J.M.C.); (A.S.M.B.); (C.H.d.C.); (C.H.X.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Andreia Amaro
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal (A.A.); (S.S.); (D.A.F.)
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Henrique de Castro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900 Goiás, Brazil; (J.M.C.); (A.S.M.B.); (C.H.d.C.); (C.H.X.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Carlos Henrique Xavier
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900 Goiás, Brazil; (J.M.C.); (A.S.M.B.); (C.H.d.C.); (C.H.X.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Sónia Silva
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal (A.A.); (S.S.); (D.A.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diogo A. Fonseca
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal (A.A.); (S.S.); (D.A.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Matafome
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal (A.A.); (S.S.); (D.A.F.)
- Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Polytechnic University of Coimbra, 3045-043 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Mello Gomes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900 Goiás, Brazil; (J.M.C.); (A.S.M.B.); (C.H.d.C.); (C.H.X.); (R.M.G.)
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Liu Y, Dong Y, Wang X, Xu X. Association between metformin treatment and coronary artery inflammation based on pericoronary adipose tissue attenuation in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2024; 26:330-337. [PMID: 38430483 PMCID: PMC11007798 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The role of metformin in reducing cardiovascular events is well-established, but its effect on coronary artery inflammation in T2DM patients is still unclear. In this study, we evaluated 547 T2DM patients who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) at Wuhan Central Hospital. Using propensity score matching, we compared the attenuation of pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT), an imaging marker of coronary artery inflammation, between patients treated with and without metformin. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the influence of metformin on PCAT attenuation. The results of the propensity-matched analysis showed that patients on metformin therapy had significantly lower PCAT attenuation, indicating reduced coronary inflammation. Specifically, the PCAT attenuation in the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and right coronary artery (RCA) was lower in the metformin group compared to the non-metformin group. Metformin use was independently associated with decreased LAD-PCAT attenuation in the multivariate regression analysis. The association of metformin with PCAT attenuation differed significantly in populations analyzed in subgroups of patients with obesity and chronic kidney disease. In conclusion, our study shows a preliminary signal that metformin therapy may be associated with decreased coronary artery inflammation in T2DM patients, as indicated by PCAT attenuation on CCTA. And this correlation may vary depending on the patient population. This initial finding suggests that PCAT attenuation could be potentially used as an imaging biomarker to monitor the anti-inflammatory effects of medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Liyuan HospitalTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuchang District, WuhanChina
| | - Yue Dong
- Department of Radiology, Liyuan HospitalTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuchang District, WuhanChina
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of RadiologyCentral Hospital of WuhanJiangan District, WuhanChina
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Department of Radiology, Liyuan HospitalTongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuchang District, WuhanChina
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Conklin DJ, Haberzettl P, MacKinlay KG, Murphy D, Jin L, Yuan F, Srivastava S, Bhatnagar A. Aldose Reductase (AR) Mediates and Perivascular Adipose Tissue (PVAT) Modulates Endothelial Dysfunction of Short-Term High-Fat Diet Feeding in Mice. Metabolites 2023; 13:1172. [PMID: 38132854 PMCID: PMC10744918 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13121172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased adiposity of both visceral and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) depots is associated with an increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Under healthy conditions, PVAT modulates vascular tone via the release of PVAT-derived relaxing factors, including adiponectin and leptin. However, when PVAT expands with high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, it appears to contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction (ED). Yet, the mechanisms by which PVAT alters vascular health are unclear. Aldose reductase (AR) catalyzes glucose reduction in the first step of the polyol pathway and has been long implicated in diabetic complications including neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and vascular diseases. To better understand the roles of both PVAT and AR in HFD-induced ED, we studied structural and functional changes in aortic PVAT induced by short-term HFD (60% kcal fat) feeding in wild type (WT) and aldose reductase-null (AR-null) mice. Although 4 weeks of HFD feeding significantly increased body fat and PVAT mass in both WT and AR-null mice, HFD feeding induced ED in the aortas of WT mice but not of AR-null mice. Moreover, HFD feeding augmented endothelial-dependent relaxation in aortas with intact PVAT only in WT and not in AR-null mice. These data indicate that AR mediates ED associated with short-term HFD feeding and that ED appears to provoke 'compensatory changes' in PVAT induced by HFD. As these data support that the ED of HFD feeding is AR-dependent, vascular-localized AR remains a potential target of temporally selective intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Conklin
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (P.H.); (D.M.); (L.J.); (S.S.); (A.B.)
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Petra Haberzettl
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (P.H.); (D.M.); (L.J.); (S.S.); (A.B.)
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | | | - Daniel Murphy
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (P.H.); (D.M.); (L.J.); (S.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Lexiao Jin
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (P.H.); (D.M.); (L.J.); (S.S.); (A.B.)
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Fangping Yuan
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (P.H.); (D.M.); (L.J.); (S.S.); (A.B.)
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Center for Cardiometabolic Science, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; (P.H.); (D.M.); (L.J.); (S.S.); (A.B.)
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Hussein AA, Ahmed NA, Sakr HI, Atia T, Ahmed OM. Omentin roles in physiology and pathophysiology: an up-to-date comprehensive review. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37994431 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2023.2283685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Omentin (intelectin) was first detected in the visceral omental adipose tissue. It has mainly two isoforms, omentin-1 and -2, with isoform-1 being the main form in human blood. It possesses insulin-sensitizing, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, cardio-protective, and oxidative stress-decreasing effects. Omentin's cardiovascular protective actions are caused by the improved endothelial cell survival and function, increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, enhanced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) relaxation with reduced proliferation, decreased inflammation, and suppressed oxidative stress. Omentin may also have a potential role in different cancer types and rheumatic diseases. Thus, omentin is an excellent therapeutic target in many diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM), metabolic syndrome (MetS), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), inflammatory diseases, and cancer. This review demonstrates the physiological functions of omentin in ameliorating insulin resistance (IR), vascular function, and inflammation and its possible share in managing obesity-linked diseases, such as metabolic disorders, DM, and cardiovascular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida A Hussein
- Zoology Department, Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Noha A Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Hader I Sakr
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Medical Physiology, General Medicine Practice Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek Atia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Osama M Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
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8
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Antoniades C, Tousoulis D, Vavlukis M, Fleming I, Duncker DJ, Eringa E, Manfrini O, Antonopoulos AS, Oikonomou E, Padró T, Trifunovic-Zamaklar D, De Luca G, Guzik T, Cenko E, Djordjevic-Dikic A, Crea F. Perivascular adipose tissue as a source of therapeutic targets and clinical biomarkers. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:3827-3844. [PMID: 37599464 PMCID: PMC10568001 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor, but adipose tissue (AT) depots in humans are anatomically, histologically, and functionally heterogeneous. For example, visceral AT is a pro-atherogenic secretory AT depot, while subcutaneous AT represents a more classical energy storage depot. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) regulates vascular biology via paracrine cross-talk signals. In this position paper, the state-of-the-art knowledge of various AT depots is reviewed providing a consensus definition of PVAT around the coronary arteries, as the AT surrounding the artery up to a distance from its outer wall equal to the luminal diameter of the artery. Special focus is given to the interactions between PVAT and the vascular wall that render PVAT a potential therapeutic target in cardiovascular diseases. This Clinical Consensus Statement also discusses the role of PVAT as a clinically relevant source of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of vascular function, which may guide precision medicine in atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure, and other cardiovascular diseases. In this article, its role as a 'biosensor' of vascular inflammation is highlighted with description of recent imaging technologies that visualize PVAT in clinical practice, allowing non-invasive quantification of coronary inflammation and the related residual cardiovascular inflammatory risk, guiding deployment of therapeutic interventions. Finally, the current and future clinical applicability of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies is reviewed that integrate PVAT information into prognostic models to provide clinically meaningful information in primary and secondary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalambos Antoniades
- Acute Multidisciplinary Imaging and Interventional Centre, RDM Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford OX39DU, UK
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Cardiology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Marija Vavlukis
- Medical Faculty, University Clinic for Cardiology, University Ss’ Cyril and Methodius in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dirk J Duncker
- Department of Cardiology, Thorax Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Etto Eringa
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, Research Institute—Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olivia Manfrini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alexios S Antonopoulos
- Acute Multidisciplinary Imaging and Interventional Centre, RDM Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford OX39DU, UK
- 1st Cardiology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- 1st Cardiology Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Teresa Padró
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- CiberCV, Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Giuseppe De Luca
- Division of Cardiology, AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Cardiologia Ospedaliera, Nuovo Galeazzi-Sant’Ambrogio, Milan, Italy
| | - Tomasz Guzik
- Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow, Poland
| | - Edina Cenko
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ana Djordjevic-Dikic
- Medical Faculty, Cardiology Clinic, University Clinical Center, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Zhang Q, Wu C, Liu Y, Tan X, Li C, Li L, Hu S. Chronic Inflammation Plays a Role of a Bridge Between Cardiovascular Disease and Hyperglycemia. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2023; 21:468-474. [PMID: 37792412 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic inflammation is believed to play a key role in managing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and glycometabolism, but the specific effects remain unclear. The subclinical features of CVD events and hyperglycemia linked to inflammatory status were evaluated in this study. In addition, independent factors associated with inflammatory status were identified. Methods: Inflammatory status was measured by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), CVD events estimated by carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), and hyperglycemia determined by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Univariate analysis was performed to identify the characteristics of HbA1c-defined normoglycemia, prediabetes, and diabetes, whereas multivariate linear regression analysis was conducted to identify independent factors that correlated with hs-CRP levels. Results: Compared with HbA1c-defined normoglycemia, individuals with prediabetes and diabetes had significantly higher risks of cIMT thickening [risk ratio (RR) was 2.21 and 2.40, respectively], carotid atherosclerosis (RR was 2.29 and 3.04, respectively), and carotid plaque (RR was 2.15 and 2.63, respectively). Diabetes had higher risks of carotid atherosclerosis (RR was 1.33) and carotid plaque (RR was 1.22) than prediabetes. Increasing prevalence of cIMT thickening, atherosclerosis, and plaque was correlated with hs-CRP levels rising. There was a notable linear relationship between HbA1c and hs-CRP levels (R2 = 0.8685). In addition, both men and women showed an independent correlation of hs-CRP levels with HbA1c and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, whereas men also had thyroid-stimulating hormone and women had age as an independent factor. Conclusions: Chronic inflammation links hyperglycemia to CVD events, and the relevant risk factors would be potential targets for alleviating inflammation and delaying the progression of the atherogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Health Management Center, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunxi Wu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Health Management Center, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Tan
- Health Management Center, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Can Li
- Health Management Center, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Health Management Center, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Shixia Hu
- Health Management Center, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
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Wei J, Li Y, Ye Z, Li Y, Zhou Z. Citrus Carotenoid Extracts Exert Anticancer Effects through Anti-Proliferation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial-Dependent Apoptosis in MCF-7 Cells. Foods 2023; 12:3469. [PMID: 37761178 PMCID: PMC10529845 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus is a globally popular fruit crop that contains bioactive compounds with numerous health benefits. Carotenoids are one of the main bioactive compounds present in citrus pulp. They possess exceptional antioxidant and anticancer properties, making them potentially effective in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Different citrus species, identified as ZMPG, DFGJ, NFMJ, XY, and ZHQC, were studied for their antioxidant activity and anticancer activity. XY had the highest total carotenoid content (75.30 µg/g FW), and ZHQC (ZH) had the lowest carotenoid content (19.74 µg/g FW). The composition of NFMJ, ZMPG, and DFHJ consisted of the most abundant number of carotenoids, while XY only had three types. The antioxidant capacity of the carotenoid extracts was evaluated, and ZH and DFHJ were identified as good sources of antioxidants. XY and ZH significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and arresting cells during the G0/G1 phase. XY and ZH enhanced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS); reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP); reduced the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and peroxidase (POD); decreased glutathione (GSH) levels; and increased the malonaldehyde (MDA) content. Apoptosis occurred through the mitochondrial-mediated pathway through the up-regulation of BAX, caspase-3, and caspase-9 and the down-regulation of Bcl-2. In this study, the carotenoid-rich extracts of citrus pulp were found to induce oxidative stress through their pro-oxidant potential and regulate cell apoptosis in MCF-7 cancer cells. These results indicate that citrus carotenoids act as pro-oxidants and have the potential to be utilized for the development of anti-breast cancer products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China; (J.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Yurong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China; (J.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zimao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China; (J.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Yi Li
- Zhejiang Citrus Research Institute, Taizhou 318020, China;
| | - Zhiqin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China; (J.W.); (Y.L.); (Z.Y.)
- The Southwest Institute of Fruits Nutrition, Banan District, Chongqing 400054, China
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11
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Man AWC, Zhou Y, Xia N, Li H. Perivascular Adipose Tissue Oxidative Stress in Obesity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1595. [PMID: 37627590 PMCID: PMC10451984 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) adheres to most systemic blood vessels in the body. Healthy PVAT exerts anticontractile effects on blood vessels and further protects against cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Healthy PVAT regulates vascular homeostasis via secreting an array of adipokine, hormones, and growth factors. Normally, homeostatic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PVAT act as secondary messengers in various signalling pathways and contribute to vascular tone regulation. Excessive ROS are eliminated by the antioxidant defence system in PVAT. Oxidative stress occurs when the production of ROS exceeds the endogenous antioxidant defence, leading to a redox imbalance. Oxidative stress is a pivotal pathophysiological process in cardiovascular and metabolic complications. In obesity, PVAT becomes dysfunctional and exerts detrimental effects on the blood vessels. Therefore, redox balance in PVAT emerges as a potential pathophysiological mechanism underlying obesity-induced cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarise new findings describing different ROS, the major sources of ROS and antioxidant defence in PVAT, as well as potential pharmacological intervention of PVAT oxidative stress in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.W.C.M.); (Y.Z.); (N.X.)
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12
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Kuneš J, Hojná S, Mráziková L, Montezano A, Touyz RM, Maletínská L. Obesity, Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Potential Common Mechanisms. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S73-S90. [PMID: 37565414 PMCID: PMC10660578 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide increase in the incidence of obesity and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, e.g. Alzheimer's disease, is related to many factors, including an unhealthy lifestyle and aging populations. However, the interconnection between these diseases is not entirely clear, and it is unknown whether common mechanisms underlie these conditions. Moreover, there are currently no fully effective therapies for obesity and neurodegeneration. While there has been extensive research in preclinical models addressing these issues, the experimental findings have not been translated to the clinic. Another challenge relates to the time of onset of individual diseases, which may not be easily identified, since there are no specific indicators or biomarkers that define disease onset. Hence knowing when to commence preventive treatment is unclear. This is especially pertinent in neurodegenerative diseases, where the onset of the disease may be subtle and occur decades before the signs and symptoms manifest. In metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, the risk may occur in-utero, in line with the concept of fetal programming. This review provides a brief overview of the link between obesity, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and discusses potential common mechanisms including the role of the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kuneš
- Institute of Physiology AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic. . Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Québac, Canada,
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13
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Jiang W, Zhang Y, Zeng J, Yao J, Lu A, Fang Z, Wang G, Wang W, Zhang Y. Composition analysis of acid hydrolysates from Cucurbita moschata Duch. polysaccharides and their effect on oxidative stress resistance of Caenorhabditis elegans. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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14
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Taguchi K, Okudaira K, Matsumoto T, Kobayashi T. Ginkgolide B caused the activation of the Akt/eNOS pathway through the antioxidant effect of SOD1 in the diabetic aorta. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:453-463. [PMID: 36715760 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02790-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) helps lower cardiovascular disease risk. Diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced endothelial dysfunction is a critical and initiating factor in the beginning of diabetic vascular complications. It was reported that GBE causes an endothelial-dependent relaxation. This study was designed to figure out the molecular basis on which GBE protects from endothelial dysfunction in diabetes because the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Studies were performed in a normal control group and streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced DM group. In aortas, notably diabetic aortas, GBE, and ginkgolide B (GB), a constituent of GBE, produced a dose-dependent relaxation. The relaxation by GB was abolished by prior incubation with L-NNA (an endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor), LY294002 (a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor), and Akt inhibitor, confirming the essential role of PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway. We also demonstrated that GB induced the phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS in aortas. The superoxide dismutase1 (SOD1) expression level decreased in DM aortas, but GB stimulation increased SOD activity and SOD1 expression in DM aortas. Our novel findings suggest that in DM aortas, endothelial-dependent relaxation induced by GB was mediated by activation of SOD1, resulting in activation of the Akt/eNOS signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kanami Okudaira
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
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15
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Cheng CK, Ding H, Jiang M, Yin H, Gollasch M, Huang Y. Perivascular adipose tissue: Fine-tuner of vascular redox status and inflammation. Redox Biol 2023; 62:102683. [PMID: 36958248 PMCID: PMC10038789 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) refers to the aggregate of adipose tissue surrounding the vasculature, exhibiting the phenotypes of white, beige and brown adipocytes. PVAT has emerged as an active modulator of vascular homeostasis and pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases in addition to its structural role to provide mechanical support to blood vessels. More specifically, PVAT is closely involved in the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and inflammation along the vascular tree, through the tight interaction between PVAT and cellular components of the vascular wall. Furthermore, the phenotype-genotype of PVAT at different regions of vasculature varies corresponding to different cardiovascular risks. During ageing and obesity, the cellular proportions and signaling pathways of PVAT vary in favor of cardiovascular pathogenesis by promoting ROS generation and inflammation. Physiological means and drugs that alter PVAT mass, components and signaling may provide new therapeutic insights in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we aim to provide an updated understanding towards PVAT in the context of redox regulation, and to highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting PVAT against cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chak Kwong Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Huanyu Ding
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Minchun Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huiyong Yin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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16
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Cinnamaldehyde Supplementation Reverts Endothelial Dysfunction in Rat Models of Diet-Induced Obesity: Role of NF-E2-Related Factor-2. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010082. [PMID: 36670944 PMCID: PMC9854673 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde (CN) is an activator of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which has the potential to reduce endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation in metabolic disorders. Our main purpose was to evaluate the effects of CN on vascular dysfunction in metabolic syndrome rats. Normal Wistar (W) rats were divided into eight groups: (1) Wistar (W) rats; (2) W rats fed with a high-fat diet (WHFD); (3) W rats fed with a sucrose diet (WS); (4) WHFD fed with a sucrose diet (WHFDS); (5) W treated with CN (WCn); (6) WS treated with CN (WSCn); (7) WHFD treated with CN (WHFDCn); (8) WHFDS treated with CN (WHFDSCn). CN treatment with 20 mg/kg/day was administered for 8 weeks. Evaluation of metabolic profile, inflammation, endothelial function, oxidative stress, eNOS expression levels and Nrf2 activation was performed. The metabolic dysfunction was greatly exacerbated in the WHFDS rats, accompanied by significantly higher levels of vascular oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. In addition, the WHFDS rats displayed significantly reduced activity of Nrf2 at the vascular level. CN significantly reverted endothelial dysfunction in the aortas and the mesenteric arteries. In addition, CN significantly decreased vascular oxidative damage, inflammation at vascular and perivascular level and up-regulated Nrf2 activity in the arteries of WHFDS rats. Cinnamaldehyde, an activator of Nrf2, can be used to improve metabolic profile, and to revert endothelial dysfunction in obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Gonçalves JS, Seiça RM, Laranjinha J, Lourenço CF. Impairment of neurovascular coupling in the hippocampus due to decreased nitric oxide bioavailability supports early cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetic rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:669-675. [PMID: 36372286 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological and preclinical studies have established a strong correlation between type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cognitive impairment and T2DM is now established as an undisputable risk factor in different forms of dementia. However, the mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in T2DM are still not fully understood. The temporal and spatial coupling between neuronal activity and cerebral blood flow (CBF) - neurovascular coupling (NVC) - is essential for normal brain function. Neuronal-derived nitric oxide (⦁NO) produced through the nNOS-NMDAr pathway, is recognized as a key messenger in NVC, especially in the hippocampus. Of note, impaired hippocampal perfusion in T2DM patients has been closely linked to learning and memory dysfunction. In this study, we aimed to investigate the functionality of NVC, in terms of neuronal-•NO signaling and spatial memory performance, in young Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, a non-obese model of T2DM. For that, we performed direct and simultaneous measurements of •NO concentration dynamics and microvascular CBF changes in the hippocampus upon glutamatergic activation. We found that limited •NO bioavailability, connected to shorter and faster •NO transients in response to glutamatergic neuronal activation, is associated with decreased hemodynamic responses and a decline in spatial memory performance. This evidence supports a close mechanistic association between neuronal-triggered •NO concentration dynamics in the hippocampus, local microvascular responses, and cognitive performance in young diabetic animals, establishing the functionality of NVC as a critical early factor to consider in the cascade of events leading to cognitive decline in T2DM. These results suggest that strategies capable to overcome the limited •NO bioavailability in early stages of T2DM and maintaining a functional NVC pathway may configure pertinent therapeutic approaches to mitigate the risk for cognitive impairment in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- João S Gonçalves
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel M Seiça
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Laranjinha
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Cátia F Lourenço
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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18
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AlZaim I, Eid AH, Abd-Elrahman KS, El-Yazbi AF. Adipose Tissue Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cardiometabolic Diseases: On the Search for Novel Molecular Targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Pinho ACO, Santos D, Baldeiras I, Burgeiro A, Leal EC, Carvalho E. Mitochondrial respiration in thoracic perivascular adipose tissue of diabetic mice. J Endocrinol 2022; 254:169-184. [PMID: 35904484 DOI: 10.1530/joe-21-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Thoracic perivascular adipose tissue (tPVAT) has a phenotype resembling brown AT. Dysfunctional tPVAT appears to be linked to vascular dysfunction. Methods We evaluated uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression by Western blot, oxidative stress by measuring lipid peroxidation, the antioxidant capacity by HPLC and spectrophotometry, and mitochondrial respiration by high-resolution respirometry (HRR) in tPVAT, compared to inguinal white AT (iWAT), obtained from non-diabetic (NDM) and streptozocin-induced diabetic (STZ-DM) mice. Mitochondrial respiration was assessed by HRR using protocol 1: complex I and II oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and protocol 2: fatty acid oxidation (FAO) OXPHOS. OXPHOS capacity in tPVAT was also evaluated after UCP1 inhibition by guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP). Results UCP1 expression was higher in tPVAT when compared with iWAT in both NDM and STZ-DM mice. The malondialdehyde concentration was elevated in tPVAT from STZ-DM compared to NDM mice. Glutathione peroxidase and reductase activities, as well as reduced glutathione levels, were not different between tPVAT from NDM and STZ-DM mice but were lower compared to iWAT of STZ-DM mice. OXPHOS capacity of tPVAT was significantly decreased after UCP1 inhibition by GDP in protocol 1. While there were no differences in the OXPHOS capacity between NDM and STZ-DM mice in protocol 1, it was increased in STZ-DM compared to NDM mice in protocol 2. Moreover, complex II- and FAO-linked respiration were elevated in STZ-DM mice under UCP1 inhibition. Conclusions Pharmacological therapies could be targeted to modulate UCP1 activity with a significant impact in the uncoupling of mitochondrial bioenergetics in tPVAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryane Cruz Oliveira Pinho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diana Santos
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Baldeiras
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Burgeiro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Emelindo C Leal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Carvalho
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, Rua Dom Francisco de Lemos, Coimbra, Portugal
- APDP-Portuguese Diabetes Association, Lisbon, Portugal
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Ahmed IA, Mikail MA, Zamakshshari NH, Mustafa MR, Hashim NM, Othman R. Trends and challenges in phytotherapy and phytocosmetics for skin aging. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103363. [PMID: 35813113 PMCID: PMC9260296 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Free radicals, oxidative stress, and inflammation contribute to the etiology of most chronic diseases. Natural products can be incorporated into cosmetics, cosmeceuticals, and nutricosmetics to tackle inflammation-related diseases. The use of alternative green extraction solvents such as natural deep eutectic solvents and electrochemically reduced water is trending. Delivery systems are important for the enhancement of the bioavailability, stability, solubility, and controlled release profile of the bioactives.
Oxidative stress and inflammation mostly contribute to aging and age-related conditions including skin aging. The potential of natural products in the form of naturally-derived cosmetics, cosmeceuticals, and nutricosmetics have, however, not been fully harnessed. This review, thus, critically analyzes the potential roles of natural products in inflammation-related skin aging diseases due to the increasing consumers’ concerns and demands for efficacious, safe, natural, sustainable, and religiously permitted alternatives to synthetic products. The information and data were collated from various resources and literature databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley, Springer, Taylor and Francis, Scopus, Inflibnet, Google, and Google Scholar using relevant keywords and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). The role of green extraction solvents as promising alternatives is also elucidated. The potential enhancements of the bioavailability, stability, solubility and controlled release profile of the bioactives using different delivery systems are also presented. The current potential global market value, motivators, drivers, trends, challenges, halal, and other regulatory certifications for cosmeceuticals and nutricosmetics are equally discussed. The adoption of the suggested extractions and delivery systems would enhance the stability, bioavailability, and target delivery of the bioactives.
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21
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Wang Z, Lu H, Garcia-Barrio M, Guo Y, Zhang J, Chen YE, Chang L. RNA sequencing reveals perivascular adipose tissue plasticity in response to angiotensin II. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106183. [PMID: 35306139 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Most blood vessels are surrounded by perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), which is a unique adipose tissue that plays critical roles in vascular physiology and pathophysiology. PVAT displays regional differences that impact vascular homeostasis. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the main biologically active component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which has been extensively studied in vascular biology. However, the effects of Ang II on PVAT are less explored and remain to be elucidated. In this study, we systematically investigated the regional heterogeneity of three portions of aortic PVAT, i.e., ascending thoracic aortic PVAT (ATA-PVAT), descending thoracic aortic PVAT (DTA-PVAT) and abdominal aortic PVAT (AA-PVAT), and their responses to 7-day Ang II infusion using RNA sequencing. We found that AA-PVAT is clearly distinguished from both ATA-PVAT and DTA-PVAT, with significantly down-regulated oxidative phosphorylation and up-regulated inflammatory response pathways. Furthermore, AA-PVAT expresses lower levels of brown adipocyte marker genes, such as Ucp1, Cidea, Cox8b, Dio2 and Pgc1α, but expresses higher levels of proinflammatory genes, such as Ccl2, Il1β and Tnfα, and components of the RAAS, including Agt, Ace and Agtr1a. Ang II infusion significantly down-regulated oxidative phosphorylation in all regions of aortic PVAT and significantly up-regulated inflammatory response specifically in ATA-PVAT and DTA-PVAT. Moreover, ATA-PVAT was most responsive to Ang II induced inflammation. We further used CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 1 (a.k.a. mitoNEET) transgenic mice that exhibit enhanced brown adipose tissue (BAT)-like phenotype in aortic PVAT, as indicated by elevated expression levels of brown adipocyte marker genes, and found that the enhanced BAT-like phenotype of aortic PVAT could counterbalance Ang II induced inflammatory and oxidative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Haocheng Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Minerva Garcia-Barrio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
| | - Lin Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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22
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Perivascular Adipose Tissue Inflammation: The Anti-Inflammatory Role of Ghrelin in Atherosclerosis Progression. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12073307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and its adipokines engage in bidirectional crosstalk with the vascular wall. Atherosclerosis disrupts this interaction through inflammation, rupture-prone plaques, and subsequent thrombosis. The cardioprotective effects of ghrelin are in contradiction to its adipogenic properties. The concurrent research of anti-/pro-atherogenic mechanisms of ghrelin and PVAT-derived adipokines provides a better understanding of atherosclerosis progression in metabolic disorders. In-depth coverage of the characteristic features of PVAT concerning vascular dysfunction, with a survey of ghrelin-induced anti-inflammatory effects on adipose tissue macrophage infiltration and the inhibitory activity of ghrelin on the proinflammatory adipokine secretion, show that the impact of ghrelin on the endothelial function should be studied in relation to PVAT.
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23
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Clare J, Ganly J, Bursill CA, Sumer H, Kingshott P, de Haan JB. The Mechanisms of Restenosis and Relevance to Next Generation Stent Design. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030430. [PMID: 35327622 PMCID: PMC8945897 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Stents are lifesaving mechanical devices that re-establish essential blood flow to the coronary circulation after significant vessel occlusion due to coronary vessel disease or thrombolytic blockade. Improvements in stent surface engineering over the last 20 years have seen significant reductions in complications arising due to restenosis and thrombosis. However, under certain conditions such as diabetes mellitus (DM), the incidence of stent-mediated complications remains 2–4-fold higher than seen in non-diabetic patients. The stents with the largest market share are designed to target the mechanisms behind neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) through anti-proliferative drugs that prevent the formation of a neointima by halting the cell cycle of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Thrombosis is treated through dual anti-platelet therapy (DAPT), which is the continual use of aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor for 6–12 months. While the most common stents currently in use are reasonably effective at treating these complications, there is still significant room for improvement. Recently, inflammation and redox stress have been identified as major contributing factors that increase the risk of stent-related complications following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The aim of this review is to examine the mechanisms behind inflammation and redox stress through the lens of PCI and its complications and to establish whether tailored targeting of these key mechanistic pathways offers improved outcomes for patients, particularly those where stent placement remains vulnerable to complications. In summary, our review highlights the most recent and promising research being undertaken in understanding the mechanisms of redox biology and inflammation in the context of stent design. We emphasize the benefits of a targeted mechanistic approach to decrease all-cause mortality, even in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Clare
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia; (J.C.); (J.G.); (P.K.)
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Justin Ganly
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia; (J.C.); (J.G.); (P.K.)
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Christina A. Bursill
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Huseyin Sumer
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia; (J.C.); (J.G.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (J.B.d.H.)
| | - Peter Kingshott
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia; (J.C.); (J.G.); (P.K.)
- ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Judy B. de Haan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia; (J.C.); (J.G.); (P.K.)
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (J.B.d.H.)
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24
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Queiroz M, Leandro A, Azul L, Figueirinha A, Seiça R, Sena CM. Luteolin Improves Perivascular Adipose Tissue Profile and Vascular Dysfunction in Goto-Kakizaki Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413671. [PMID: 34948468 PMCID: PMC8706309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of luteolin on metabolism, vascular reactivity, and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in nonobese type 2 diabetes mellitus animal model, Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. Methods: Wistar and GK rats were divided in two groups: (1) control groups treated with vehicle; (2) groups treated with luteolin (10 mg/kg/day, for 2 months). Several metabolic parameters such as adiposity index, lipid profile, fasting glucose levels, glucose and insulin tolerance tests were determined. Endothelial function and contraction studies were performed in aortas with (PVAT+) or without (PVAT−) periaortic adipose tissue. We also studied vascular oxidative stress, glycation and assessed CRP, CCL2, and nitrotyrosine levels in PVAT. Results: Endothelial function was impaired in diabetic GK rats (47% (GK − PVAT) and 65% (GK + PVAT) inhibition of maximal endothelial dependent relaxation) and significantly improved by luteolin treatment (29% (GK − PVAT) and 22% (GK + PVAT) inhibition of maximal endothelial dependent relaxation, p < 0.01). Vascular oxidative stress and advanced glycation end-products’ levels were increased in aortic rings (~2-fold, p < 0.05) of diabetic rats and significantly improved by luteolin treatment (to levels not significantly different from controls). Periaortic adipose tissue anti-contractile action was significantly rescued with luteolin administration (p < 0.001). In addition, luteolin treatment significantly recovered proinflammatory and pro-oxidant PVAT phenotype, and improved systemic and metabolic parameters in GK rats. Conclusions: Luteolin ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes and exhibits therapeutic potential for the treatment of vascular complications associated with type 2 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue/metabolism
- Animals
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Luteolin/administration & dosage
- Luteolin/pharmacology
- Male
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives
- Tyrosine/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Queiroz
- Institute of Physiology, iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.Q.); (A.L.); (L.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Adriana Leandro
- Institute of Physiology, iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.Q.); (A.L.); (L.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Lara Azul
- Institute of Physiology, iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.Q.); (A.L.); (L.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Artur Figueirinha
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Farmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Raquel Seiça
- Institute of Physiology, iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.Q.); (A.L.); (L.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Cristina M. Sena
- Institute of Physiology, iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.Q.); (A.L.); (L.A.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-239-480034; Fax: +351-239-480034
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25
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Li H, Liu L, Cao Z, Li W, Liu R, Chen Y, Li C, Song Y, Liu G, Hu J, Liu Z, Lu C, Liu Y. Naringenin ameliorates homocysteine induced endothelial damage via the AMPKα/Sirt1 pathway. J Adv Res 2021; 34:137-147. [PMID: 35024186 PMCID: PMC8655233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Endothelial damage (ED) has been implicated in accelerating the development of atherosclerosis. The latter condition is a risk factor for developing several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) associated with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Objectives In our previous studies, we found naringenin (Nar), a bioactive flavanone compound, to protect against mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress. Though the pleiotropic effects of Nar have been well described, precise cytoprotective mechanisms of Nar against homocysteine (Hcy) induced ED remains elusive. Understanding these events may give an insight in to prevention and treatment of CVDs. Methods After ruling out the NMDA-R1 mediated pathway, RNA-Seq, a novel transcriptomic technique uncovered AMPK signaling pathway was identified as the mechanism with which Nar corrects ED. Further in vivo and in vitro tests validated the role of Nar against ED. Results In particular, Nar activates AMPKα/Sirt1 signaling pathway, which restores mitochondrial Ca2+ balance and ultimately lowered production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Activated AMPKα/Sirt1 signaling pathway also up-regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, and then increasing the production of nitric oxide (NO), ultimately ameliorating ED. Conclusion Nar could increase the ROS elimination and decrease eNOS uncoupling, subsequently upregulate the NO bioavailability and endothelial function by activating AMPKα/Sirt1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhiwen Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Youwen Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yurong Song
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guangzhi Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jinghong Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhenli Liu
- Institution of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuanyan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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26
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Sarmiento-Salinas FL, Perez-Gonzalez A, Acosta-Casique A, Ix-Ballote A, Diaz A, Treviño S, Rosas-Murrieta NH, Millán-Perez-Peña L, Maycotte P. Reactive oxygen species: Role in carcinogenesis, cancer cell signaling and tumor progression. Life Sci 2021; 284:119942. [PMID: 34506835 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of death in the world and its global burden is expected to continue increasing. In several types of cancers, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been extensively linked to carcinogenesis and cancer progression. However, studies have reported conflicting evidence regarding the role of ROS in cancer, mostly dependent on the cancer type or the step of the tumorigenic process. We review recent studies describing diverse aspects of the interplay of ROS with cancer in the different stages of cancer progression, with a special focus on their role in carcinogenesis, their importance for cancer cell signaling and their relationship to the most prevalent cancer risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Lilí Sarmiento-Salinas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Atlixco, Puebla, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Andrea Perez-Gonzalez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Atlixco, Puebla, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Adilene Acosta-Casique
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Atlixco, Puebla, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Adrián Ix-Ballote
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Atlixco, Puebla, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias y Tecnologías Biomédicas, Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Diaz
- Posgrado en Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Samuel Treviño
- Posgrado en Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | | | - Paola Maycotte
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Atlixco, Puebla, Mexico.
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27
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Li T, Quan H, Zhang H, Lin L, Ou Q, Chen K. Silencing cyclophilin A improves insulin secretion, reduces cell apoptosis, and alleviates inflammation as well as oxidant stress in high glucose-induced pancreatic β-cells via MAPK/NF-kb signaling pathway. Bioengineered 2021; 11:1047-1057. [PMID: 32970961 PMCID: PMC8291783 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1823729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilin A is increased in the plasm of diabetic patients, while its effects on high glucose (HG)-stimulated pancreatic β-cells are still pending. The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of cyclophilin A inhibition on HG-challenged pancreatic β-cells. For investigating the effects of cyclophilin A decrease on HG-induced pancreatic β-cells, the cells were separated into normal glucose (NG), Mannitol, HG, HG + shRNA-NC, and HG + shRNA-Cyclophilin A-1 groups. The protein and mRNA expression were detected via Western blot and qRT-PCR. CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were employed for assessing cell viability and apoptosis. The levels of oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin secretion were detected by corresponding kits. The cyclophilin A was higher in HG group. Knockdown of cyclophilin A was able to increase insulin secretion, decrease cell apoptosis, and alleviate inflammation as well as oxidant stress in HG-treated pancreatic β-cells via MAPK/NF-kb pathway. Taken together, Cyclophilin A, highly expressed in pancreatic β-cells induced by HG, is a promising therapeutic target for diabetes. Knockdown of cyclophilin A has protective effects against HG-challenged pancreatic β-cells via regulation of MAPK/NF-kb pathway. The findings in this study provided a new strategy for diabetic treatment and paved the way for future researches on diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangying Li
- Department of Health Care Centre, Hainan General Hospital , Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Huibiao Quan
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital , Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Huachuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology Laboratory, Hainan General Hospital , Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Leweihua Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital , Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qianying Ou
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital , Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Kaining Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hainan General Hospital , Haikou, Hainan, China
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28
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Nathu H, Mbuyama KR, Adarkwah-Yiadom M, Serem JC, Ibrahim MA, Duodu KG, Gaspar ARM, Bester MJ. Antioxidant properties and inhibition of lipid formation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes of in vitro digested mageu, a commercial sample. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13929. [PMID: 34519069 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mageu is a fermented, non-alcoholic maize-derived product unique to southern Africa. The aim of this study was to identify the health benefits of a polyphenolic extract of commercially produced mageu related to the antioxidant properties and effects on lipid accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. A pooled sample of mageu Number 1 brand (original non-flavored) was subjected to in vitro gastroduodenal digestion (GDD). Reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography of unfractionated undigested (UD) and GDD mageu revealed that with digestion there was an increased extraction of 1.2, 1.83, 1.45, 4.86, and 3.17-fold of caffeic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, 4 hydroxybenzoic acid and ferulic acid, respectively. An associated increase in the total phenolic acid content and antioxidant activity in the <3 kDa fraction was obtained. In contrast with digestion, inhibition of advanced glycation end products formation and low-density lipoprotein oxidation was found in the <30 kDa fraction indicating the contribution of larger, possibly feruloylated polysaccharides, to activity. Cellular antioxidant activity in Caco-2 cells was >90% for all UD fractions, but with GDD was reduced. All fractions had low scavenging of nitric oxide in the lipopolysaccharide/murine cell model. Exposure of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to all the UD and GDD mageu fractions (at 1% and 10% concentrations) during differentiation resulted in at least a 35% reduction in lipid accumulation, which was not associated with a loss of cellular viability. In conclusion, mageu, UD, and subjected to GDD contains phenolic acids with beneficial bioactive properties that contribute to antioxidant activity and reduces lipid accumulation in adipocytes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Mageu is a non-alcoholic fermented maize product which when digested has increased bioactivity. Its reported health benefits are due to its caloric content therefore the practical application of this research is to validate the scientific benefits of this food and encourage increased consumption of this functional food. This is especially important in the context of the South African population where this product is widely consumed as increasing obesity is associated with an increased risk of non-communicable disease. Furthermore, as a non-alcoholic drink, consumption can be promoted for all ages' groups and religions, and a commercialized manufacture processes can be optimized to increase phenolic acid release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleema Nathu
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kabuzi R Mbuyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Martin Adarkwah-Yiadom
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - June C Serem
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Kwaku G Duodu
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Anabella R M Gaspar
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Megan J Bester
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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29
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Dwaib HS, AlZaim I, Eid AH, Obeid O, El-Yazbi AF. Modulatory Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Adipose Tissue Inflammation: Amelioration of Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Early Metabolic Impairment. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:626313. [PMID: 33897419 PMCID: PMC8062864 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.626313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) is a cluster of maladaptive cardiovascular, renal, thrombotic, inflammatory, and metabolic disorders. It confers a high risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. CMS is triggered by major shifts in lifestyle and dietary habits with increased consumption of refined, calorie-dense diets. Evidence indicates that diet-induced CMS is linked to Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation. This led to the proposal that adipose inflammation may be involved in metabolic derangements, such as insulin resistance and poor glycemic control, as well as the contribution to the inflammatory process predisposing patients to increased cardiovascular risk. Therefore, in the absence of direct pharmacological interventions for the subclinical phase of CMS, time restricted feeding regimens were anticipated to alleviate early metabolic damage and subsequent comorbidities. These regimens, referred to as intermittent fasting (IF), showed a strong positive impact on the metabolic state of obese and non-obese human subjects and animal models, positive AT remodeling in face of overnutrition and high fat diet (HFD) consumption, and improved CV outcomes. Here, we summarize the available evidence on the role of adipose inflammation in triggering cardiovascular impairment in the context of diet induced CMS with an emphasis on the involvement of perivascular adipose tissue. As well, we propose some possible molecular pathways linking intermittent fasting to the ameliorative effect on adipose inflammation and cardiovascular dysfunction under such circumstances. We highlight a number of targets, whose function changes in perivascular adipose tissue inflammation and could be modified by intermittent fasting acting as a novel approach to ameliorate the inflammatory status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen S. Dwaib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar Obeid
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmed F. El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Alamein International University, Alamein, Egypt
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Torrado-Salmerón C, Guarnizo-Herrero V, Henriques J, Seiça R, Sena CM, Torrado-Santiago S. Multiparticulate Systems of Ezetimibe Micellar System and Atorvastatin Solid Dispersion Efficacy of Low-Dose Ezetimibe/Atorvastatin on High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia and Hepatic Steatosis in Diabetic Rats. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:421. [PMID: 33804727 PMCID: PMC8004026 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop multiparticulate systems with a combination of ezetimibe micellar systems and atorvastatin solid dispersions using croscarmellose as a hydrophilic vehicle and Kolliphor RH40 as a surfactant. The presence of a surfactant with low hydrophilic polymer ratios produces the rapid dissolution of ezetimibe through a drug-polymer interaction that reduces its crystallinity. The solid dispersion of atorvastatin with low proportions of croscarmellose showed drug-polymer interactions sufficient to produce the fast dissolution of atorvastatin. Efficacy studies were performed in diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats with induced hyperlipidemia. The administration of multiparticulate systems of ezetimibe and atorvastatin at low (2 and 6.7 mg/kg) and high (3 and 10 mg/kg) doses showed similar improvements in levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoproteins, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase compared to the high-fat diet group. Multiparticulate systems at low doses (2 and 6.7 mg/kg of ezetimibe and atorvastatin) had a similar improvement in hepatic steatosis compared to the administration of ezetimibe and atorvastatin raw materials at high doses (3 and 10 mg/kg). These results confirm the effectiveness of solid dispersions with low doses of ezetimibe and atorvastatin to reduce high lipid levels and hepatic steatosis in diabetic rats fed a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Torrado-Salmerón
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.T.-S.); (V.G.-H.)
| | - Víctor Guarnizo-Herrero
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.T.-S.); (V.G.-H.)
| | - Joana Henriques
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‐548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.H.); (R.S.); (C.M.S.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Seiça
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‐548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.H.); (R.S.); (C.M.S.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina M. Sena
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000‐548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.H.); (R.S.); (C.M.S.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Santiago Torrado-Santiago
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.T.-S.); (V.G.-H.)
- Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial (IUFI), Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Moraes RDA, Webb RC, Silva DF. Vascular Dysfunction in Diabetes and Obesity: Focus on TRP Channels. Front Physiol 2021; 12:645109. [PMID: 33716794 PMCID: PMC7952965 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.645109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily consists of a diverse group of non-selective cation channels that has a wide tissue distribution and is involved in many physiological processes including sensory perception, secretion of hormones, vasoconstriction/vasorelaxation, and cell cycle modulation. In the blood vessels, TRP channels are present in endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) and perivascular sensory nerves, and these channels have been implicated in the regulation of vascular tone, vascular cell proliferation, vascular wall permeability and angiogenesis. Additionally, dysfunction of TRP channels is associated with cardiometabolic diseases, such as diabetes and obesity. Unfortunately, the prevalence of diabetes and obesity is rising worldwide, becoming an important public health problems. These conditions have been associated, highlighting that obesity is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. As well, both cardiometabolic diseases have been linked to a common disorder, vascular dysfunction. In this review, we briefly consider general aspects of TRP channels, and we focus the attention on TRPC (canonical or classical), TRPV (vanilloid), TRPM (melastatin), and TRPML (mucolipin), which were shown to be involved in vascular alterations of diabetes and obesity or are potentially linked to vascular dysfunction. Therefore, elucidation of the functional and molecular mechanisms underlying the role of TRP channels in vascular dysfunction in diabetes and obesity is important for the prevention of vascular complications and end-organ damage, providing a further therapeutic target in the treatment of these metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiana Dos Anjos Moraes
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Postgraduate Course in Biotechnology in Health and Investigative Medicine, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
| | - R Clinton Webb
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy and Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Darízy Flávia Silva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.,Postgraduate Course in Biotechnology in Health and Investigative Medicine, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
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Zheng Y, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Guan J, Liu Y, Fu J. Curcumin protects against cognitive impairments in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion combined with diabetes mellitus by suppressing neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and pyroptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 93:107422. [PMID: 33548579 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is regarded as a high-risk factor for cognitive decline in vascular dementia (VaD). We have previously shown that diabetes mellitus (DM) synergistically promotes CCH-induced cognitive dysfunction via exacerbating neuroinflammation. Furthermore, curcumin has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. However, the effects of curcumin on CCH-induced cognitive impairments in DM have remained unknown. METHODS Rats were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) and injected with low-dose streptozotocin (STZ), followed by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO), to model DM and CCH in vivo. After BCCAO, curcumin (50 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally every two days for eight weeks to evaluate its therapeutic effects. Additionally, mouse BV2 microglial cells were exposed to hypoxia and high glucose to model CCH and DM pathologies in vitro. RESULTS Curcumin treatment significantly improved DM/CCH-induced cognitive deficits and attenuated neuronal cell death. Molecular analysis revealed that curcumin exerted protective effects via suppressing neuroinflammation induced by microglial activation, regulating the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2)/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, alleviating apoptosis, and reducing nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-dependent pyroptosis. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings suggest that curcumin represents a promising therapy for DM/CCH-induced cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yaxuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jian Guan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Jianliang Fu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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33
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β-blockade prevents coronary macro- and microvascular dysfunction induced by a high salt diet and insulin resistance in the Goto-Kakizaki rat. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:327-346. [PMID: 33480422 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A high salt intake exacerbates insulin resistance, evoking hypertension due to systemic perivascular inflammation, oxidative-nitrosative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have been shown to abolish inflammation and redox stress but only partially restore endothelial function in mesenteric vessels. We investigated whether sympatho-adrenal overactivation evokes coronary vascular dysfunction when a high salt intake is combined with insulin resistance in male Goto-Kakizaki (GK) and Wistar rats treated with two different classes of β-blocker or vehicle, utilising synchrotron-based microangiography in vivo. Further, we examined if chronic carvedilol (CAR) treatment preserves nitric oxide (NO)-mediated coronary dilation more than metoprolol (MET). A high salt diet (6% NaCl w/w) exacerbated coronary microvessel endothelial dysfunction and NO-resistance in vehicle-treated GK rats while Wistar rats showed modest impairment. Microvascular dysfunction was associated with elevated expression of myocardial endothelin, inducible NO synthase (NOS) protein and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT). Both CAR and MET reduced basal coronary perfusion but restored microvessel endothelium-dependent and -independent dilation indicating a role for sympatho-adrenal overactivation in vehicle-treated rats. While MET treatment reduced myocardial nitrates, only MET treatment completely restored microvessel dilation to dobutamine (DOB) stimulation in the absence of NO and prostanoids (combined inhibition), indicating that MET restored the coronary flow reserve attributable to endothelium-derived hyperpolarisation (EDH). In conclusion, sympatho-adrenal overactivation caused by high salt intake and insulin resistance evoked coronary microvessel endothelial dysfunction and diminished NO sensitivity, which were restored by MET and CAR treatment in spite of ongoing inflammation and oxidative-nitrosative stress presumably caused by uninhibited renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) overactivation.
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Chen Y, Qin Z, Wang Y, Li X, Zheng Y, Liu Y. Role of Inflammation in Vascular Disease-Related Perivascular Adipose Tissue Dysfunction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:710842. [PMID: 34456867 PMCID: PMC8385491 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.710842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is the connective tissue around most blood vessels throughout the body. It provides mechanical support and maintains vascular homeostasis in a paracrine/endocrine manner. Under physiological conditions, PVAT has anti-inflammatory effects, improves free fatty acid metabolism, and regulates vasodilation. In pathological conditions, PVAT is dysfunctional, secretes many anti-vasodilator factors, and participates in vascular inflammation through various cells and mediators; thus, it causes dysfunction involving vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Inflammation is an important pathophysiological event in many vascular diseases, such as vascular aging, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. Therefore, the pro-inflammatory crosstalk between PVAT and blood vessels may comprise a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of vascular diseases. In this review, we summarize findings concerning PVAT function and inflammation in different pathophysiological backgrounds, focusing on the secretory functions of PVAT and the crosstalk between PVAT and vascular inflammation in terms of vascular aging, atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and other diseases. We also discuss anti-inflammatory treatment for potential vascular diseases involving PVAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozhi Chen
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zeyu Qin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yaqiong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yunxia Liu, ; Yang Zheng,
| | - Yunxia Liu
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yunxia Liu, ; Yang Zheng,
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Leandro A, Queiroz M, Azul L, Seiça R, Sena CM. Omentin: A novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:233-242. [PMID: 33099000 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) locally influences the functioning of blood vessels and promotes vascular complications associated with diabetes and obesity. The aim of this work was to study the impact of omentin-1 on endothelial function and PVAT in a non-obese type 2 diabetes mellitus animal model, Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats with or without high fat diet. MATERIAL AND METHODS Diabetic GK rats were divided into four groups: 1) control group; 2) group treated with omentin-1; 3) group of GK rats fed a high fat diet (GKHFD) and 4) group of GKHFD treated with omentin-1. Several in vivo parameters such as adiposity and Lee indexes, lipid profile, fasting glucose levels, glucose and insulin tolerance tests were determined. At the vascular level, endothelial dependent and independent relaxation and contraction studies were performed in aortic rings in the absence (PVAT-) or in the presence (PVAT+) of thoracic PVAT. We also evaluated vascular oxidative stress and determined the pro-inflammatory status of PVAT. RESULTS Endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine, assessed by wire myography, was impaired in GK and GKHFD rats and improved by the omentin-1 treatment. In addition, vascular superoxide production was increased in the vascular wall of diabetic rats, accompanied by reduced nitric oxide bioavailability and significantly improved by omentin treatment. PVAT anti-contractile action found under physiological conditions was lost in type 2 diabetes, and partially recovered with omentin-1 administration. In addition, omentin-1 treatment significantly improved proinflammatory and pro-oxidant PVAT phenotype (decreasing C-reactive protein and nitrotyrosine levels). Furthermore, it was observed an improvement in various systemic and metabolic biochemical parameters of diabetic animals treated for one month with omentin. CONCLUSIONS Omentin-1 ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes and presents therapeutic potential for the treatment of vascular complications associated with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Leandro
- Institute of Physiology, ICBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marcelo Queiroz
- Institute of Physiology, ICBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lara Azul
- Institute of Physiology, ICBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Seiça
- Institute of Physiology, ICBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina M Sena
- Institute of Physiology, ICBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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Role of adiposopathy and physical activity in cardio-metabolic disorder diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 511:243-247. [PMID: 33148528 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Positive calorie balance disrupts the function of visceral adipose tissue, including the cardiac adipose tissue and the perivascular adipose tissue. The inflammatory and hormonal factors, which are released from adipose tissue, play a central role in inter-organ cross talk, affecting the development of obesity. Excess fat in visceral adipocytes impairs endocrine as well as immune response, leading to multiple aberrant status and posing serious risks to the future health of humans. As confirmed in previous studies, up-regulated pro-inflammatory and down-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines disturb the communication among muscle, liver, and vasculature. In other words, adiposopathy promote cardio-metabolic risk factors, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and pro-thrombotic state, which in turn directly and indirectly promote cardio-metabolic disorder diseases. Increasing evidence from human and animal studies has shown that physical activity restores the size of adipocytes and helps in re-browning of white adipose tissue (WAT). This review summarizes the current evidence on the roles of adiposopathy on cardio-metabolic disorder diseases and the importance of physical activity in restoring the function of adipocytes.
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The dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory activity and multifunctional antidiabetic properties of SQSPA: Structure - Activity relationship evaluated with alanine scanning. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:1220-1229. [PMID: 32479936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a multifactorial disease and drugs with multifunctional properties are required. The peptide, SQSPA, was reported to be a potent and gastrointestinally stable α-glucosidase inhibitory peptide. In this study, the structure-activity relationship of this peptide was studied using alanine scanning. Four analogs; AQSPA, SASPA, SQAPA and SQSAA were designed and investigated for multifunctional antidiabetic effects. Molecular docking studies on human dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) suggested that the binding affinities were in the order; AQSPA>SASPA>SQSPA>SQSAA>SQAPA while for in vitro DPP-IV inhibitory activity, it was SQSPA>SQSAA>AQSPA>SASPA>SQAPA. Enzyme kinetic studies revealed that the peptides are uncompetitive inhibitors with the exception of SQSAA and SQSPA. In 3T3-L1 differentiated adipocytes, SASPA was the only analog that significantly (p < 0.05) reduced and prevented lipid accumulation and did not induce cytotoxicity to differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. All peptides, especially SASPA scavenged methylglyoxal and peroxyl radicals thereby preventing advanced glycosylated end products formation and oxidative stress. The nitric oxide scavenging activity of all peptides was comparable to IPI and glutathione. Findings indicate that the amide side chain of Q2 is probably the most critical functional group for modulating the multifunctional antidiabetic effects of SQSPA while SASPA has been identified, as a novel peptide with enhanced multifunctional antidiabetic activity.
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Boldarine VT, Pedroso AP, Brandão-Teles C, LoTurco EG, Nascimento CMO, Oyama LM, Bueno AA, Martins-de-Souza D, Ribeiro EB. Ovariectomy modifies lipid metabolism of retroperitoneal white fat in rats: a proteomic approach. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E427-E437. [PMID: 32663100 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00094.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Menopause is often accompanied by visceral obesity. With the aim of exploring the consequences of ovarian failure on visceral fat, we evaluated the effects of ovariectomy and estrogen replacement on the proteome/phosphoproteome and on the fatty acid profile of the retroperitoneal adipose depot (RAT) of rats. Eighteen 3-mo-old female Wistar rats were either ovariectomized or sham operated and fed with standard chow for 3 mo. A subgroup of ovariectomized rats received estradiol replacement. RAT samples were analyzed with data-independent acquisitions LC-MS/MS, and pathway analysis was performed with the differentially expressed/phosphorylated proteins. RAT lipid profile was analyzed by gas chromatography. Ovariectomy induced high adiposity and insulin resistance and promoted alterations in protein expression and phosphorylation. Pathway analysis showed that five pathways were significantly affected by ovariectomy, namely, metabolism of lipids (including fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation), fatty acyl-CoA biosynthesis, innate immune system (including neutrophil degranulation), metabolism of vitamins and cofactors, and integration of energy metabolism (including ChREBP activates metabolic gene expression). Lipid profile analysis showed increased palmitic and palmitoleic acid content. The analysis of the data indicated that ovariectomy favored lipogenesis whereas it impaired fatty acid oxidation and induced a proinflammatory state in the visceral adipose tissue. These effects are consistent with the findings of high adiposity, hyperleptinemia, and impaired insulin sensitivity. The observed alterations were partially attenuated by estradiol replacement. The data point to a role of disrupted lipid metabolism in adipose tissue in the genesis of obesity after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valter T Boldarine
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda P Pedroso
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Brandão-Teles
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Edson G LoTurco
- Divisão de Urologia e Reprodução Humana, Departamento de Cirurgia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudia M O Nascimento
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lila M Oyama
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Allain A Bueno
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, São Paulo, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliane B Ribeiro
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Targeting perivascular and epicardial adipose tissue inflammation: therapeutic opportunities for cardiovascular disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:827-851. [PMID: 32271386 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Major shifts in human lifestyle and dietary habits toward sedentary behavior and refined food intake triggered steep increase in the incidence of metabolic disorders including obesity and Type 2 diabetes. Patients with metabolic disease are at a high risk of cardiovascular complications ranging from microvascular dysfunction to cardiometabolic syndromes including heart failure. Despite significant advances in the standards of care for obese and diabetic patients, current therapeutic approaches are not always successful in averting the accompanying cardiovascular deterioration. There is a strong relationship between adipose inflammation seen in metabolic disorders and detrimental changes in cardiovascular structure and function. The particular importance of epicardial and perivascular adipose pools emerged as main modulators of the physiology or pathology of heart and blood vessels. Here, we review the peculiarities of these two fat depots in terms of their origin, function, and pathological changes during metabolic deterioration. We highlight the rationale for pharmacological targeting of the perivascular and epicardial adipose tissue or associated signaling pathways as potential disease modifying approaches in cardiometabolic syndromes.
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Man AWC, Zhou Y, Xia N, Li H. Perivascular Adipose Tissue as a Target for Antioxidant Therapy for Cardiovascular Complications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E574. [PMID: 32630640 PMCID: PMC7402161 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is the connective tissue surrounding most of the systemic blood vessels. PVAT is now recognized as an important endocrine tissue that maintains vascular homeostasis. Healthy PVAT has anticontractile, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative roles. Vascular oxidative stress is an important pathophysiological event in cardiometabolic complications of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. Accumulating data from both humans and experimental animal models suggests that PVAT dysfunction is potentially linked to cardiovascular diseases, and associated with augmented vascular inflammation, oxidative stress, and arterial remodeling. Reactive oxygen species produced from PVAT can be originated from mitochondria, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, and uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase. PVAT can also sense vascular paracrine signals and response by secreting vasoactive adipokines. Therefore, PVAT may constitute a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarize recent findings on PVAT functions, ROS production, and oxidative stress in different pathophysiological settings and discuss the potential antioxidant therapies for cardiovascular diseases by targeting PVAT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.W.C.M.); (Y.Z.); (N.X.)
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