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Kamaraj N, Velumani K, Guru A, Issac PK. Antihyperglycemic activity of 14-deoxy, 11, 12-didehydro andrographolide on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9875-9886. [PMID: 37856062 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08878-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic Mellitus is characterized by a lack or failure of insulin to bind to its target receptor or failure of the pancreas to yield insulin. This study evaluated the antihyperglycemic activity of 14-deoxy, 11, 12-didehydro andrographolide on streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic rats. Diabetic conditions were induced by administering streptozotocin at a dosage of 45 mg/kg body weight and nicotinamide at a dosage of 110 mg/kg body weight through intraperitoneal injection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetic-induced rats were treated with 14-deoxy, 11, 12-didehydro andrographolide concentrations between 10 and 500 mg/kg body weight. The blood glucose level and body weight of the rats were periodically examined. The pancreas was isolated and the histopathological staining was performed after making fine sections of the pancreas using a microtome. The influence of 14-deoxy, 11, 12-didehydro andrographolide on the expression level of various insulin signaling cascades was determined with q-PCR and western blotting. RESULTS The blood glucose level of the diabetic-induced rats was significantly (p < 0.05) higher when compared with the control group and resulted in a drop in the blood glucose level of the diabetic rats. Oral glucose level was also reduced in the treatment group and no significant reduction was noted in the untreated. The lipid profiling revealed that the atherogenic index and cholesterol ratio was increased in the diabetic group over the control group. Upregulation of the insulin cascades like IRTK and GLUT4 was observed by the q-PCR and upregulation of GLUT4 and IR-β was observed by the western blot analysis. CONCLUSION Overall, the finding indicates that 14-deoxy, 11, 12-didehydro andrographolide exhibited antihyperglycemic activity by modulating the expression of insulin cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagalakshmi Kamaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, Padalam, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, 603308, India
| | - Kadhirmathiyan Velumani
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | - Praveen Kumar Issac
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Li S, Chu KH, Wai CYY. Genomics of Shrimp Allergens and Beyond. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2145. [PMID: 38136967 PMCID: PMC10742822 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergy to shellfishes, including mollusks and crustaceans, is a growing health concern worldwide. Crustacean shellfish is one of the "Big Eight" allergens designated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and is the major cause of food-induced anaphylaxis. Shrimp is one of the most consumed crustaceans triggering immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic reactions. Over the past decades, the allergen repertoire of shrimp has been unveiled based on conventional immunodetection methods. With the availability of genomic data for penaeid shrimp and other technological advancements like transcriptomic approaches, new shrimp allergens have been identified and directed new insights into their expression levels, cross-reactivity, and functional impact. In this review paper, we summarize the current knowledge on shrimp allergens, as well as allergens from other crustaceans and mollusks. Specific emphasis is put on the genomic information of the shrimp allergens, their protein characteristics, and cross-reactivity among shrimp and other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Li
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.L.); (K.H.C.)
| | - Ka Hou Chu
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.L.); (K.H.C.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Christine Yee Yan Wai
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Hub of Paediatric Excellence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Estêvão J, Osorio H, Costas B, Cruz A, Fernández-Boo S. Search for new biomarkers of tolerance to Perkinsus olseni parasite infection in Ruditapes decussatus clams. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 134:108566. [PMID: 36736640 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The grooved carpet shell (Ruditapes decussatus) is a clam species with high economic and social importance in several European and Mediterranean countries. Production of this species suffered a decline caused by biotic (parasite infection) and abiotic factors (environmental factors, stress, poor management methods and intensive culture of the introduced species Ruditapes philippinarum). The protozoan parasite Perkinsus olseni is also responsible for the decline of production, being nowadays one of the major issues for clam culture. Molecular biomarkers that might represent tolerance of R. decussatus to P. olseni have already been uncovered, shedding light in a possible production improvement by selecting those clams with a strongest immune response. In the present study, new tolerance biomarkers to P. olseni infection in R. decussatus were identified. The haemolymph proteomic profiles of naturally non/low-infected (tolerant) and highly-infected (susceptible) clams by the parasite across several heavy affected areas of Europe were characterized through a shotgun proteomics approach. Also, the mechanisms that might be involved in the responses against the disease in chronic infections were explored. Proteins related to energy restoration and balance, metabolic regulation, energy accumulation, ROS production, lysosomal activity, amino acid synthesis, proteolytic activity, iron regulation, iron withholding, and immune response modulation were significantly regulated in susceptible clams. In the tolerant group, proteins related to phagocytosis regulation, control of cell growth and proliferation, gonadal maturation, regulation of apoptosis, growth modulation, response to oxidative stress, iron regulation, shell development and metabolic regulation were significantly expressed. In summary, the protein expression profile of tolerant individuals suggests that an efficient pathogen elimination mechanism coupled to a better metabolic regulation leads to a tolerance to the parasite infection by limiting the spread through the tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Estêvão
- Animal Health and Aquaculture (A2S), CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Osorio
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Ipatimup-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Benjamin Costas
- Animal Health and Aquaculture (A2S), CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Cruz
- Oceano Fresco S.A, Porto de Abrigo, 2450-075, Nazaré, Portugal
| | - Sergio Fernández-Boo
- Animal Health and Aquaculture (A2S), CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Zhao J, Timira V, Ahmed I, Chen Y, Wang H, Zhang Z, Lin H, Li Z. Crustacean shellfish allergens: influence of food processing and their detection strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3794-3822. [PMID: 36263970 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2135485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Despite the increasing popularity of crustacean shellfish among consumers due to their rich nutrients, they can induce a serious allergic response, sometimes even life-threatening. In the past decades, a variety of crustacean allergens have been identified to facilitate the diagnosis and management of crustacean allergies. Although food processing techniques can ease the risk of crustacean shellfish allergy, no available processing methods to tackle crustacean allergies thoroughly. Strict dietary avoidance of crustacean shellfish and its component is the best option for the protection of sensitized individuals, which should rely on the compliance of food labeling and, as such, on their verification by sensitive, reliable, and accurate detection techniques. In this present review, the physiochemical properties, structure aspects, and immunological characteristics of the major crustacean allergens have been described and discussed. Subsequently, the current research progresses on how various processing techniques cause the alterations and modifications in crustacean allergens to produce hypoallergenic crustacean food products were summarized and discussed. Particularly, various analytical methodologies employed in crustacean shellfish allergen detection, and the effect of food processing and matrix on these techniques, are also herein emphasized for the appropriate selection of analytical detection tools to safeguard consumers safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Vaileth Timira
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ishfaq Ahmed
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Chaoyang District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ziye Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxing Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
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Kumar IP, Snega Priya P, Meenatchi R, Oyouni AAA, Al-Amer OM, Aljohani SAS, Pashameah RA, Hamadi A, Alanazi MA, Arockiaraj J. Potential mechanism of Jatropha gossypifolia phenolic derivatives in enhancing insulin-signalling cascades GLUT 4, IRβ and GSK-3β in streptozotocin nicotinamide induced type II diabetic in wistar rat model. JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY - SCIENCE 2022; 34:102223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2022.102223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
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Wu Z, Liu Y, Zheng J, Zhou Y, Xing K, Sun Y, Zhang J. Genomic structure, expression and functional characterization of arginine kinase (EcAK) from Exopalaemon carinicauda. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 109:82-86. [PMID: 33352337 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arginine kinase (AK, EC 2.7.3.3) plays an important role in cells with high, fluctuating energy requirements. In invertebrates, AK is the major phosphagen kinase that modulates the energy metabolism. Here, the full-length cDNA sequence encoding arginine kinase (EcAK) was obtained from the Exopalaemon carinicauda. The complete nucleotide sequence of EcAK contained a 1068 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding EcAK precursor of 355 amino acids. The genomic DNA fragment of EcAK with the corresponding cDNA sequence is composed of 4 exons and 3 introns. The domain architecture of the deduced EcAK protein contained an ATP-gua_PtransN domain and an ATP-gua_Ptrans domain. EcAK mRNA was predominantly expressed in the muscle. The expression of EcAK in the prawns challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Aeromonas hydrophila changed in a time-dependent manner. Then, EcAK was recombinantly expressed in Pichia pastoris and the purified recombinant EcAK had the same enzymatic characterization as AK from the muscle of Euphausia superba. In conclusion, EcAK may play the same biological activity in E. carinicauda as those from other crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Jiaqi Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yongzhao Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Kefan Xing
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yuying Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - Jiquan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
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Huang Y, Wu D, Li Y, Chen Q, Zhao Y. Characterization and expression of arginine kinase 2 from Macrobrachium nipponense in response to salinity stress. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 113:103804. [PMID: 32738337 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a fundamental environmental factor in aquaculture, and arginine kinase (AK) plays imperative roles in innate immune feedback and stress resistance in invertebrates. In the current study, we cloned a full-length cDNA of arginine kinase 2 (MnAK2, GenBank number, MN149533) in Macrobrachium nipponense and analyzed its function through a salinity challenge using bioinformatic approaches. MnAK2 was expressed at the highest levels in hepatopancreas and muscle. Changes in the expression levels of MnAK2, enzymes involved in innate immunity, antioxidant enzymes, and antioxidant enzyme-related genes, and the glutathione and malondialdehyde contents were investigated after 6-week salinity treatment. The expression of MnAK2 gradually increased as salinity increased, and western blotting showed that MnAK2 was significantly upregulated in the 14 and 22 ppt salinity-treatment groups relative to the control group. The findings indicate that high salinity produces oxidative stress and that salinity below isotonic salinity might improve the antioxidant response in M. nipponense. MnAK2 may play a crucial role in the response to salinity stress in M. nipponense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhui Huang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Donglei Wu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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Jiang B, Hu L, Zhang X, Zhang H, Zhang F, Chen L, Li Z, Zhao X, Xue C, Jiang X. Uncovering proteome variations of differently heat-treated sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) by label-free mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2020; 344:128575. [PMID: 33191009 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of heat treatment on the proteome of Apostichopus japonicus have been evaluated using label-free quantitative proteomics by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time of flight (UHPLC-Q/TOF) mass spectrometry with sequential window acquisition of all the theoretical fragment ion (SWATH) acquisition mode. Chemometric tools are integrated to reveal proteomic changes by mining the protein quantitation data from fresh and differently heat-treated samples. SWATH allows the quantitation of 548 proteins, of which 24 proteins are significantly sensitive to heat treatment and 13 proteins vary significantly responding to different heat procedures (boiling, steaming, and microwave heating), and 5 of them are sharing proteins. Gene ontology (GO) annotation of the differentiating proteins highlights most of them are relevant to molecular functions. The results can be favorable to evaluate the effects of heat treatment on the nutrition and function of processed sea cucumbers and facilitate the selection of an optimal thermal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxue Jiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - Lingping Hu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Technology Center of Qingdao Customs District, No.70 Qutangxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266002, PR China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Technology Center of Qingdao Customs District, No.70 Qutangxia Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266002, PR China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Lipin Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - Zhaojie Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - Xue Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266237, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China.
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Issac PK, Guru A, Chandrakumar SS, Lite C, Saraswathi NT, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Arshad A, Arockiaraj J. Molecular process of glucose uptake and glycogen storage due to hamamelitannin via insulin signalling cascade in glucose metabolism. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:6727-6740. [PMID: 32809102 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism by which the exogenous biomolecule modulates the GLUT-4 signalling cascade along with the information on glucose metabolism is essential for finding solutions to increasing cases of diabetes and metabolic disease. This study aimed at investigating the effect of hamamelitannin on glycogen synthesis in an insulin resistance model using L6 myotubes. Glucose uptake was determined using 2-deoxy-D-[1-3H] glucose and glycogen synthesis were also estimated in L6 myotubes. The expression levels of key genes and proteins involved in the insulin-signaling pathway were determined using real-time PCR and western blot techniques. The cells treated with various concentrations of hamamelitannin (20 µM to 100 µM) for 24 h showed that, the exposure of hamamelitannin was not cytotoxic to L6 myotubes. Further the 2-deoxy-D-[1-3H] glucose uptake assay was carried out in the presence of wortmannin and Genistein inhibitor for studying the GLUT-4 dependent cell surface recruitment. Hamamelitannin exhibited anti-diabetic activity by displaying a significant increase in glucose uptake (125.1%) and glycogen storage (8.7 mM) in a dose-dependent manner. The optimum concentration evincing maximum activity was found to be 100 µm. In addition, the expression of key genes and proteins involved in the insulin signaling pathway was studied to be upregulated by hamamelitannin treatment. Western blot analysis confirmed the translocation of GLUT-4 protein from an intracellular pool to the plasma membrane. Therefore, it can be conceived that hamamelitannin exhibited an insulinomimetic effect by enhancing the glucose uptake and its further conversion into glycogen by regulating glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Issac
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Sri Snehaa Chandrakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 024, India
| | - Christy Lite
- Endocrine and Exposome Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Madras Christian College, Tambaram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 059, India
| | - N T Saraswathi
- Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aziz Arshad
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, 71050, Malaysia
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India.
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Yang Z, Huang X, Liao H, Zhang Z, Sun F, Kou S, Bao Z. Structure and functional analysis reveal an important regulated role of arginine kinase in Patinopecten yessoensis under low pH stress. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 222:105452. [PMID: 32092594 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arginine kinase (AK), an important member of the phosphokinase family, is involved in temporal and spatial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) buffering systems. AK plays an important role in physiological function and metabolic regulations, in particular tissues with high and fluctuating energy demands. In present study, four AK genes were firstly identified from Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) genome, respectively named PyAK1-4. PyAKs have highly conserved structures with a six-exon/five-exon structure, except for PyAK3. PyAK3 contains an unusual two-domain structure and a "bridge intron" between the two domains, which may originate from gene duplication and subsequent fusion. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all PyAKs belonged to an AK supercluster together with other AK proteins from Mollusca, Platyhelminthes, Arthropoda, and Nematode. A transcriptome database demonstrated that PyAK3 and PyAK4 were the main functional executors with high expression level during larval development and in adult tissues, while PyAK1 and PyAK2 were expressed at a low level. Furthermore, both PyAK2 and PyAK3 showed notably high expression in the male gonad, and PyAK4 was broadly expressed in almost all tissues with the highest level in striated muscle, indicating a tissue-specific expression pattern of PyAKs. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR results demonstrated that the expression of PyAK2, PyAK3 and PyAK4 were significantly upregulated in response to pH stress, especially in an extremely acidifying condition (pH 6.5), revealing the possible involvement of PyAKs in energetic homeostasis during environmental changes. Collectively, a comprehensive analysis of PyAKs was conducted in P. yessoensis. The diversity of PyAKs and their specific expression patterns promote a better understanding of energy metabolism in the growth, development and environmental response of P. yessoensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zujing Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoting Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| | - Huan Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; College of Animal Biotechnology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhengrui Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Fanhua Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Sihua Kou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Havanapan PO, Mangkalanan S, Phungthanom N, Krittanai C. Proteomic analysis and white spot syndrome virus interaction of mud crab (Scylla olivacea) revealed responsive roles of the hemocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:458-467. [PMID: 30954523 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
White spot disease (WSD) is a highly virulent viral disease in shrimps. Clinical signs and high mortality of WSD is generally observed after a few days of infection by White Spot Syndrome virus (WSSV). Mud crabs are the major carrier and persistent host for the WSSV. However, an elucidation of viral interaction and persistent mode of WSSV infection in mud crab is still limited. We investigated the defensive role of mud crab (Scylla olivacea) hemocytes against WSSV infection by using comparative proteomic analysis coupled with electrospray ionization liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-LC/MS/MS). The proteomic maps of expressed proteins obtained from WSSV infected hemocytes revealed differential proteins related to various biological functions, including immune response, anti-apoptosis, endocytosis, phosphorylation signaling, stress response, oxygen transport, molting, metabolism, and biosynthesis. Four distinctive cell types of crab hemocytes: hyaline cells (HC), small granular cells (SGC), large granular cells (LGC) and mixed granular cells (MGC) were found susceptible to WSSV. However, immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated a complete replication of WSSV only in SGC and LGC. WSSV induced apoptosis was also observed in HC, SGC and MGC except for LGC. These results suggested that HC and MGC may undergo apoptosis prior to a complete assembly of virion, while SGC is more susceptible showing higher amplification and releasing of virion. In contrast, WSSV may inhibit apoptosis in infected LGC to stay in latency. This present finding provides an insight for the responsive roles of crustacean hemocyte cells involved in molecular interaction and defense mechanism against WSSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phattara-Orn Havanapan
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Seksan Mangkalanan
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand; Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Nuanwan Phungthanom
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Chartchai Krittanai
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
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Chen S, Yu Y, Gao Y, Yin P, Tian L, Niu J, Liu Y. Exposure to acute ammonia stress influences survival, immune response and antioxidant status of pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) pretreated with diverse levels of inositol. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:248-256. [PMID: 30951852 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of acute ammonia challenge on survival, immune response and antioxidant status of Litopenaeus vannamei pretreated with diets containing different inositol levels was investigated. Shrimp (initial mean weight 0.40 ± 0.00 g) were randomly allocated in 18 tanks (30 shrimp per tank) and triplicate tanks were fed with a control diet without myo-inositol (MI) supplementation (242.6 mg inositol kg-1 diet) or diets containing diverse levels of inositol (368.8, 459.7, 673.1, 993.8 and 1674.4 mg kg-1 diet) as treatment groups for 8-week. Randomly selected 10 shrimp per tank (final mean weight approximately 11.1-13.8g) were exposed to ammonia stress (total ammonia-nitrogen, 60.21 mg L-1) for 24 h after feeding trial. The results showed that after exposed to ammonia stress, survival rates of MI-supplemented groups were enhanced by 31-77% when compared with the control group. MI supplementation increased activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) in plasma, and reduced its activities in hepatopancreas. It also enhanced activities of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and content of reduced glutathione (GSH), and lowered malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) content in plasma or hepatopancreas. In addition, mRNA expression levels of ferritin (FT), arginine kinase (AK), thioredoxin (Trx), heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), catalase (CAT) and peroxiredoxin (Prx) were significantly differentially regulated in hepatopancreas owing to MI supplementation. Therefore, it suggested that L. vannamei pretreated with higher dietary inositol content may have better ammonia stress tolerance and antioxidant status after ammonia stress, and the optimum levels ranged from 459.7 to 993.8 mg inositol kg-1 when total ammonia-nitrogen concentration was 60.21 mg L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Yingying Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Yujie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China
| | - Peng Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Lixia Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
| | - Jin Niu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
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Petkowski JJ, Bains W, Seager S. Natural Products Containing 'Rare' Organophosphorus Functional Groups. Molecules 2019; 24:E866. [PMID: 30823503 PMCID: PMC6429109 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorous-containing molecules are essential constituents of all living cells. While the phosphate functional group is very common in small molecule natural products, nucleic acids, and as chemical modification in protein and peptides, phosphorous can form P⁻N (phosphoramidate), P⁻S (phosphorothioate), and P⁻C (e.g., phosphonate and phosphinate) linkages. While rare, these moieties play critical roles in many processes and in all forms of life. In this review we thoroughly categorize P⁻N, P⁻S, and P⁻C natural organophosphorus compounds. Information on biological source, biological activity, and biosynthesis is included, if known. This review also summarizes the role of phosphorylation on unusual amino acids in proteins (N- and S-phosphorylation) and reviews the natural phosphorothioate (P⁻S) and phosphoramidate (P⁻N) modifications of DNA and nucleotides with an emphasis on their role in the metabolism of the cell. We challenge the commonly held notion that nonphosphate organophosphorus functional groups are an oddity of biochemistry, with no central role in the metabolism of the cell. We postulate that the extent of utilization of some phosphorus groups by life, especially those containing P⁻N bonds, is likely severely underestimated and has been largely overlooked, mainly due to the technological limitations in their detection and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz J Petkowski
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Mass. Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - William Bains
- Rufus Scientific, 37 The Moor, Melbourn, Royston, Herts SG8 6ED, UK.
| | - Sara Seager
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Mass. Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Mass. Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Mass. Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Hui M, Cheng J, Sha Z. First comprehensive analysis of lysine acetylation in Alvinocaris longirostris from the deep-sea hydrothermal vents. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:352. [PMID: 29747590 PMCID: PMC5946511 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4745-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are unique chemoautotrophic ecosystems with harsh conditions. Alvinocaris longirostris is one of the dominant crustacean species inhabiting in these extreme environments. It is significant to clarify mechanisms in their adaptation to the vents. Lysine acetylation has been known to play critical roles in the regulation of many cellular processes. However, its function in A. longirostris and even marine invertebrates remains elusive. Our study is the first, to our knowledge, to comprehensively investigate lysine acetylome in A. longirostris. Results In total, 501 unique acetylation sites from 206 proteins were identified by combination of affinity enrichment and high-sensitive-massspectrometer. It was revealed that Arg, His and Lys occurred most frequently at the + 1 position downstream of the acetylation sites, which were all alkaline amino acids and positively charged. Functional analysis revealed that the protein acetylation was involved in diverse cellular processes, such as biosynthesis of amino acids, citrate cycle, fatty acid degradation and oxidative phosphorylation. Acetylated proteins were found enriched in mitochondrion and peroxisome, and many stress response related proteins were also discovered to be acetylated, like arginine kinases, heat shock protein 70, and hemocyanins. In the two hemocyanins, nine acetylation sites were identified, among which one acetylation site was unique in A. longirostris when compared with other shallow water shrimps. Further studies are warranted to verify its function. Conclusion The lysine acetylome of A. longirostris is investigated for the first time and brings new insights into the regulation function of the lysine acetylation. The results supply abundant resources for exploring the functions of acetylation in A. longirostris and other shrimps. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4745-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hui
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiao Cheng
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhongli Sha
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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15
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Lv Z, Qiu L, Wang W, Liu Z, Xue Z, Yu Z, Song X, Chen H, Wang L, Song L. A GTP-dependent Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase from Crassostrea gigas Involved in Immune Recognition. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 77:318-329. [PMID: 28888537 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) is well known as a key enzyme involved in the metabolic pathway of gluconeogenesis in organisms, but the information about its involvement in immune response is still very limited. In the present study, a novel PEPCK homolog named CgPEPCK was identified from oyster Crassostrea gigas. The deduced amino acid sequence of CgPEPCK shared 52%-74% similarities with those from other known PEPCKs. There were one conserved guanosine triphosphate (GTP) binding site, one substrate binding site, one metal binding site and one active site in CgPEPCK. The mRNA transcripts of CgPEPCK were constitutively expressed in all the tested tissues including hemolymph, mantle, gill, muscle, gonad and hepatopancreas. CgPEPCK proteins were mainly distributed in adductor muscle, gonad, gill and mantle, and rarely detected in hepatopancreas by using immunohistochemical analysis. After the stimulations with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN), Vibrio splendidus and V. anguillarum, CgPEPCK transcripts in hemocytes were significantly up-regulated and peaked at 6 h (LPS, 9.62-fold, p < 0.01), 9 h (PGN, 4.25-fold, p < 0.01), 12 h (V. splendidus, 5.72-fold, p < 0.01), 3 h (V. anguillarum, 2.87-fold, p < 0.01), respectively. The recombinant CgPEPCK protein (rCgPEPCK) exhibited Mn2+/Mg2+ dependent GTP binding activity, and the activities to bind LPS and PGN, but not β-1,3-glucan (GLU), lipoteichoic acid (LTA), mannan (MAN) nor polyinosinic-polycytidylic (Poly I: C). It could also bind Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus and significantly inhibit their growth. All these results collectively suggested that CgPEPCK could not only exert GTP binding activity involved in gluconeogenesis, but also mediate the bacteria recognition and clearance in immune response of oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Limei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaoqun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhuang Xue
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zichao Yu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaorui Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
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Xiong YM, Yan ZH, Zhang JE, Li HY. Analysis of albumen gland proteins suggests survival strategies of developing embryos of Pomacea canaliculata. MOLLUSCAN RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13235818.2017.1385896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ming Xiong
- Department of Aquiculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Hui Yan
- Department of Aquiculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-En Zhang
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yun Li
- Department of Aquiculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Kumaresan V, Palanisamy R, Pasupuleti M, Arockiaraj J. Impacts of environmental and biological stressors on immune system of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. REVIEWS IN AQUACULTURE 2017; 9:283-307. [DOI: 10.1111/raq.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
AbstractMacrobrachium rosenbergii commonly called giant freshwater prawn is a widely farmed crustacean in freshwater. Similar to other aquatic organisms, their growth and well‐being is influenced by various physical, chemical and biological factors. We discuss about the critical growth limiting factors as well as disease causing agents and the potential immune molecules of M. rosenbergii that are proved to involve in preventing and/or responding to those limiting factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Kumaresan
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Humanities SRM University Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Rajesh Palanisamy
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Humanities SRM University Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | - Mukesh Pasupuleti
- Lab PCN 206 Microbiology Division CSIR‐Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Humanities SRM University Chennai Tamil Nadu India
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18
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Huang X, Ye H, Chung JS. The presence of an insulin-like androgenic gland factor (IAG) and insulin-like peptide binding protein (ILPBP) in the ovary of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus and their roles in ovarian development. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 249:64-70. [PMID: 28479084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like androgenic gland factor (IAG) that is produced by the male androgenic gland (AG), plays a role in sexual differentiation and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics in decapod crustaceans. With an earlier finding of IAG expression in a female Callinectes sapidus ovary, we aimed to examine a putative role of IAG during the ovarian development of this species. To this end, the full-length cDNA sequence of the ovarian CasIAG (termed CasIAG-ova) has been isolated. The predicted mature peptide sequence of CasIAG-ova is identical to that of the IAG from the AG, except in their signal peptide regions. The CasIAG-ova contains an alternative initiation codon (UUG) as the start codon, which suggests that the translational regulation of CasIAG-ova may differ from that of the IAG from AG. To define the function of CasIAG-ova, the expressions of CasIAG-ova as well as its putative binding protein, insulin-like peptide binding protein (ILPBP), are measured in the ovaries at various developmental stages obtained from different seasons. Season affects both CasIAG and ILPBP expression in the ovary. Overall, summer females at earlier ovarian stages contain high levels of CasIAG and ILPBP than spring or fall females. These findings indicate that CasIAG-ova and CasILPBP may be involved in the ovarian development. When comparing the levels of CasIAG and CasILPBP in the ovary, the latter are much higher (∼10-10000 fold) than the former. Expression patterns of CasILPBP differ from those of CasIAG-ova during ovarian development and by season, suggesting that ILPBP may have an additional role in ovarian development rather than a function of a putative binding protein of IAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuai Huang
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Columbus Center, 701 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Haihui Ye
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - J Sook Chung
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Columbus Center, 701 E. Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
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Ehsan M, Gao W, Gadahi JA, Lu M, Liu X, Wang Y, Yan R, Xu L, Song X, Li X. Arginine kinase from Haemonchus contortus decreased the proliferation and increased the apoptosis of goat PBMCs in vitro. Parasit Vectors 2017. [PMID: 28651566 PMCID: PMC5485575 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2244-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arginine kinase (AK), an important member of phosphagen kinase family has been extensively studied in various vertebrates and invertebrates. Immunologically, AKs are important constituents of different body parts, involved in various biological and cellular functions, and considered as immune-modulator and effector for pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, immunoregulatory changes of host cells triggered by AK protein of Haemonchus contortus, a parasitic nematode of ruminants, are still unknown. The current study was focused on cloning and characterisation of Hc-AK, and its regulatory effects on cytokines level, cell migration, cell proliferation, nitric oxide production and apoptosis of goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were observed. METHODS The full-length sequence of the Hc-AK gene was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sub-cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-32a. The biochemical characteristics of recombinant protein Hc-AK, which was purified by affinity chromatography, were performed based on the enzymatic assay. Binding of rHc-AK with PBMCs was confirmed by immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect localisation of Hc-AK within adult worms sections. The immunoregulatory effects of rHc-AK on cytokine secretions, cell proliferation, cell migration, nitric oxide production and apoptosis were determined by co-incubation of rHc-AK with goat PBMCs. RESULTS The full-length ORF (1080 bp) of the Hc-AK gene was successfully cloned, and His-tagged AK protein was expressed in the Escherichia coli strain BL21. The recombinant protein of Hc-AK (rHc-AK) was about 58.5 kDa together with the fused vector protein of 18 kDa. The biochemical assay showed that the protein encoded by the Hc-ak exhibited enzymatic activity. Western blot analysis confirmed that the rHc-AK was recognised by the sera from rat (rat-antiHc-AK). The IFA results showed that rHc-AK could bind on the surface of goat PBMCs. Immunohistochemically, Hc-AK was localised at the inner and outer membrane as well as in the gut region of adult worms. The binding of rHc-AK to host cells increased the levels of IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ, nitric oxide (NO) production and cell apoptosis of goat PBMCs, whereas, TGF-β1 levels, cell proliferation and PBMCs migration were significantly decreased in a dose dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that rHc-AK is an important excretory and secretory (ES) protein involved in host immune responses and exhibit distinct immunomodulatory properties during interaction with goat PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ehsan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - WenXiang Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Javaid Ali Gadahi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.,Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - MingMin Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - XinChao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - YuJian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - RuoFeng Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - LiXin Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoKai Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - XiangRui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Jiang S, Jia Z, Chen H, Wang L, Song L. The modulation of haemolymph arginine kinase on the extracellular ATP induced bactericidal immune responses in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 54:282-293. [PMID: 27033465 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.03.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Arginine kinase is an important phosphagen kinase (PK) which plays an essential role in ATP buffering systems in invertebrates. In the present study, an arginine kinase (designated CgAK) was isolated by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affinity chromatography from the haemolymph of Crassostrea gigas. CgAK could directly bind to LPS in a concentration-dependent manner with the dissociation constant (Kd) of 2.46 × 10(-6) M. The interaction with LPS significantly decreased the ATP hydrolytic activity of CgAK, which in turn lead to the accumulation of ATP in vitro. The extracellular ATP stimulation could induce Ca(2+) influx, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the release of lysosomal enzyme in the cellular immune response. In addition, ATP stimulation provoked the bactericidal activity towards Escherichia coli, and the scavenging ROS with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) abrogated the bactericidal activity, indicating that ATP stimulation could induce ROS-dependent antimicrobial activity in haemocytes. Collectively, the results demonstrated that the haemolymph CgAK could serve as an important purinergic regulator to modulate extracellular ATP, which might further have an important effect on the purinergic signaling-activated innate immune response of oyster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhihao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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Xia CG, Zhang D, Ma C, Zhou J, He S, Su XR. Characterization and comparison of proteomes of albino sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) by iTRAQ analysis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 51:229-239. [PMID: 26707782 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sea cucumber is a commercially important marine organism in China. Of the different colored varieties sold in China, albino sea cucumber has the greatest appeal among consumers. Identification of factors contributing to albinism in sea cucumber is therefore likely to provide a scientific basis for improving the cultivability of these strains. In this study, two-dimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification labeling was used for the first time to quantitatively define the proteome of sea cucumbers and reveal proteomic characteristics unique to albino sea cucumbers. A total of 549 proteins were identified and quantified in albino sea cucumber and the functional annotations of 485 proteins have been exhibited based on COG database. Compared with green sea cucumber, 12 proteins were identified as differentially expressed in the intestine and 16 proteins in the body wall of albino sea cucumber. Among them, 5 proteins were up-regulated in the intestine and 8 proteins were down-regulated in body wall. Gene ontology annotations of these differentially expressed proteins consisted mostly of 'biological process'. The large number of differentially expressed proteins identified here should be highly useful in further elucidating the mechanisms underlying albinism in sea cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ge Xia
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Zhejiang Province 315211, PR China; Xinlicheng Reservoir Management Bureau in Changchun, Jilin Province 130119, PR China
| | - Dijun Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Zhejiang Province 315211, PR China
| | - Chengnv Ma
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Zhejiang Province 315211, PR China
| | - Jun Zhou
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Zhejiang Province 315211, PR China
| | - Shan He
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Zhejiang Province 315211, PR China
| | - Xiu-Rong Su
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Zhejiang Province 315211, PR China.
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Rao R, Bhassu S, Bing RZY, Alinejad T, Hassan SS, Wang J. A transcriptome study on Macrobrachium rosenbergii hepatopancreas experimentally challenged with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). J Invertebr Pathol 2016; 136:10-22. [PMID: 26880158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The world production of shrimp such as the Malaysian giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii is seriously affected by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). There is an urgent need to understand the host pathogen interaction between M. rosenbergii and WSSV which will be able to provide a solution in controlling the spread of this infectious disease and lastly save the aquaculture industry. Now, using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), we will be able to capture the response of the M. rosenbergii to the pathogen and have a better understanding of the host defence mechanism. Two cDNA libraries, one of WSSV-challenged M. rosenbergii and a normal control one, were sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq™ 2000 platform. After de novo assembly and clustering of the unigenes from both libraries, 63,584 standard unigenes were generated with a mean size of 698bp and an N50 of 1137bp. We successfully annotated 35.31% of all unigenes by using BLASTX program (E-value <10-5) against NCBI non-redundant (Nr), Swiss-Prot, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome pathway (KEGG) and Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG) databases. Gene Ontology (GO) assessment was conducted using BLAST2GO software. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by using the FPKM method showed 8443 host genes were significantly up-regulated whereas 5973 genes were significantly down-regulated. The differentially expressed immune related genes were grouped into 15 animal immune functions. The present study showed that WSSV infection has a significant impact on the transcriptome profile of M. rosenbergii's hepatopancreas, and further enhanced the knowledge of this host-virus interaction. Furthermore, the high number of transcripts generated in this study will provide a platform for future genomic research on freshwater prawns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Rao
- Animal Genetics and Evolutionary Biology Laboratory and Terra-Aqua Lab, Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Subha Bhassu
- Animal Genetics and Evolutionary Biology Laboratory and Terra-Aqua Lab, Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Robin Zhu Ya Bing
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Shenzhen, 11th Floor, Main Building, Beishan, Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Tahereh Alinejad
- Animal Genetics and Evolutionary Biology Laboratory and Terra-Aqua Lab, Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sharifah Syed Hassan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Building 3, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Jun Wang
- Animal Genetics and Evolutionary Biology Laboratory and Terra-Aqua Lab, Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Hou L, Xiu Y, Wang J, Liu X, Liu Y, Gu W, Wang W, Meng Q. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of Macrobrachium rosenbergii hemocytes during Spiroplasma eriocheiris infection. J Proteomics 2015; 136:112-22. [PMID: 26746008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Spiroplasma eriocheiris, as a novel aquaculture pathogen, has led into catastrophic economic losses in aquaculture. The Macrobrachium rosenbergii hemocytes were major target cells in S. eriocheiris infection. Our study was designed to examine the hemocytes' immune response at the protein levels. The differential proteomes of the prawn hemocytes were analyzed immediately prior to injection with the pathogen, and at 192h post-injection by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantization (iTRAQ) labeling, followed by liquid chromatogramphytandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A total of 69 differentially expressed proteins were identified. Forty-nine proteins were up-regulated and 20 proteins were down-regulated resulting from a S. eriocheiris infection. Up-regulated proteins included vertebrate gliacolin-like protein, vitellogenin, Gram-negative binding protein 1, alpha2 macroglobulin isoform 2 (a2M), etc. Down-regulated proteins, involved with beta-1,3-glucan-binding protein (BGBP), immunoglobulin like, Rab7, lipopolysaccharide and β-1,3-glucan (LGBP), actin-related protein, etc. Selected bioactive factors (tachylectin, α2M and vitellogenin, BGBP, C-type lectin, LGBP and Rab7) were verified by their immune roles in the S. eriocheiris infection using real-time PCR. The present work could serve as a basis for future studies on the proteins implicated in the susceptibility/resistance of M. rosenbergii to S. eriocheiris, as well as contribute to our understanding of disease processes in prawns. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE This is the first time using an iTRAQ approach to analyze proteomes of M. rosenbergii mobilized against S. eriocheiris infection and substantiated the hemocytes' proteomic changes in M. rosenbergii using an infection model. The results reported here can provide a significant step forward toward a more complete elucidation of the immune relationship between M. rosenbergii and the pathogen S. eriocheiris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Hou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Yunji Xiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuhan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity & Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China.
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Si YX, Lee J, Zhao F, Yin SJ, Park YD, Qian GY, Jiang XM. Effects of cadmium on the cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis’ arginine kinase: unfolding kinetics integrated with computational simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2015; 34:1763-77. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1091747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Xiu Si
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P.R. China
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, P.R. China
| | - Jinhyuk Lee
- Korean Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
- Department of Nanobiotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Sciences and Technology, Daejeon 305-350, Korea
| | - Feng Zhao
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, P.R. China
| | - Shang-Jun Yin
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Doo Park
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, P.R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing 314006, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Ying Qian
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, P.R. China
| | - Xia-Min Jiang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P.R. China
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Qi XL, Su XF, Lu GQ, Liu CX, Liang GM, Cheng HM. The effect of silencing arginine kinase by RNAi on the larval development of Helicoverpa armigera. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2015; 105:555-565. [PMID: 26138927 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485315000450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Arginine kinase (AK) is an important regulation factor of energy metabolism in invertebrate. An arginine kinase gene, named HaAK, was identified to be differentially expressed between Cry1Ac-susceptible (96S) and Cry1Ac-resistant (Bt-R) Helicoverpa armigera larvae using cDNA-amplification fragment length polymorphism analysis. The full-length open reading frame sequence of HaAK gene with 1068 bp was isolated from H. armigera. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay revealed that HaAK gene is specifically expressed in multiple tissues and at larval developmental stages. The peak expression level of HaAK was detected in the midgut of the fifth-instar larvae. Moreover, the expression of HaAK was obviously down-regulated in Bt-R larvae. We further constructed a dsRNA vector directly targeting HaAK and employed RNAi technology to control the larvae. The feeding bioassays showed that minute quantities of dsRNA could greatly increase the larval mortality and delay the larval pupation. Silencing of HaAK significantly retarded the larval development, indicating that HaAK is a potential target for RNA interference-based pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-L Qi
- Biotechnology Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China
| | - X-F Su
- Biotechnology Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China
| | - G-Q Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China
| | - C-X Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China
| | - G-M Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China
| | - H-M Cheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China
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Alinejad T, Bin KQ, Vejayan J, Othman R, Bhassu S. Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed protein in hemocytes of wild giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii infected with infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV). Meta Gene 2015; 5:55-67. [PMID: 26106581 PMCID: PMC4473098 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epizootic diseases cause huge mortality and economical loses at post larvae stages in freshwater prawn aquaculture industry. These prawns seem less susceptible to viral diseases except for infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV). During viral infection in prawns, hemocytes are the primary organ that shows immunological response within the early stages of infection. We applied proteomic approaches to understand differential expression of the proteins in hemocytes during the viral disease outbreak. To aid the goal, we collected Macrobrachium rosenbergii broodstocks from the local grow out hatchery which reported the first incidence of IHHNV viral outbreak during larvae stage. Primarily, application of the OIE primer targeting 389 bp fragments of IHHNV virus was used in identification of the infected and non-infected samples of the prawn breeding line. Analysis of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed specific down-regulation of Arginine kinase and Sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein and up/down-regulation of Prophenoloxidase1 and hemocyanin isoforms. These proteins were validated using semi quantitative RT-PCR and gene transcripts at mRNA level. These identified proteins can be used as biomarkers, providing a powerful approach to better understanding of the immunity pathway of viral disease with applications in analytic and observational epidemiology diagnosis. Proteomic profiling allows deep insight into the pathogenesis of IHHNV molecular regulation and mechanism of hemocyte in freshwater prawns.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Alinejad
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Div., Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, CEBAR, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kwong Q. Bin
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Div., Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - J. Vejayan
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Sunway Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46150 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - R.Y. Othman
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Div., Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, CEBAR, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S. Bhassu
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Div., Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, CEBAR, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Rao R, Bing Zhu Y, Alinejad T, Tiruvayipati S, Lin Thong K, Wang J, Bhassu S. RNA-seq analysis of Macrobrachium rosenbergii hepatopancreas in response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. Gut Pathog 2015; 7:6. [PMID: 25922623 PMCID: PMC4411767 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-015-0052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Malaysian giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, is an economically important crustacean worldwide. However, production of this prawn is facing a serious threat from Vibriosis disease caused by Vibrio species such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Unfortunately, the mechanisms involved in the immune response of this species to bacterial infection are not fully understood. We therefore used a high-throughput deep sequencing technology to investigate the transcriptome and comparative expression profiles of the hepatopancreas from this freshwater prawn infected with V. parahaemolyticus to gain an increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the species’ immune response to this pathogenic bacteria. Result A total of 59,122,940 raw reads were obtained from the control group, and 58,385,094 reads from the Vibrio-infected group. Via de novo assembly by Trinity assembler, 59,050 control unigenes and 73,946 Vibrio-infected group unigenes were obtained. By clustering unigenes from both libraries, a total of 64,411 standard unigenes were produced. The standard unigenes were annotated against the NCBI non-redundant, Swiss-Prot, Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genome pathway (KEGG) and Orthologous Groups of Proteins (COG) databases, with 19,799 (30.73%), 16,832 (26.13%), 14,706 (22.83%) and 7,856 (12.19%) hits respectively, giving a final total of 22,455 significant hits (34.86% of all unigenes). A Gene Ontology (GO) analysis search using the Blast2GO program resulted in 6,007 unigenes (9.32%) being categorized into 55 functional groups. A differential gene expression analysis produced a total of 14,569 unigenes aberrantly expressed, with 11,446 unigenes significantly up-regulated and 3,103 unigenes significantly down-regulated. The differentially expressed immune genes fall under various processes of the animal immune system. Conclusion This study provided an insight into the antibacterial mechanism in M. rosenbergii and the role of differentially expressed immune genes in response to V. parahaemolyticus infection. Furthermore, this study has generated an abundant list of transcript from M.rosenbergii which will provide a fundamental basis for future genomics research in this field. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13099-015-0052-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Rao
- Genomic Research and Breeding Laboratory and Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ya Bing Zhu
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Shenzhen, 11th Floor, Main Building, Beishan, Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | - Tahereh Alinejad
- Genomic Research and Breeding Laboratory and Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suma Tiruvayipati
- Genomic Research and Breeding Laboratory and Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kwai Lin Thong
- Microbiology Unit, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jun Wang
- Beijing Genomics Institute, Shenzhen, 11th Floor, Main Building, Beishan, Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, 518083 China
| | - Subha Bhassu
- Genomic Research and Breeding Laboratory and Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Lyu K, Zhang L, Zhu X, Cui G, Wilson AE, Yang Z. Arginine kinase in the cladoceran Daphnia magna: cDNA sequencing and expression is associated with resistance to toxic Microcystis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 160:13-21. [PMID: 25575127 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient loading derived from anthropogenic activities into lakes have increased the frequency, severity and duration of toxic cyanobacterial blooms around the world. Although herbivorous zooplankton are generally considered to be unable to control toxic cyanobacteria, populations of some zooplankton, including Daphnia, have been shown to locally adapt to toxic cyanobacteria and suppress cyanobacterial bloom formation. However, little is known about the physiology of zooplankton behind this phenomenon. One possible explanation is that some zooplankton may induce more tolerance by elevating energy production, thereby adding more energy allocation to detoxification expenditure. It is assumed that arginine kinase (AK) serves as a core in temporal and spatial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) buffering in cells with high fluctuating energy requirements. To test this hypothesis, we studied the energetic response of a single Daphnia magna clone exposed to a toxic strain of Microcystis aeruginosa, PCC7806. Arginine kinase of D. magna (Dm-AK) was successfully cloned. An ATP-gua PtransN domain which was described as a guanidine substrate specificity domain and an ATP-gua Ptrans domain which was responsible for binding ATP were both identified in the Dm-AK. Phylogenetic analysis of AKs in a range of arthropod taxa suggested that Dm-AK was as dissimilar to other crustaceans as it was to insects. Dm-AK transcript level and ATP content in the presence of M. aeruginosa were significantly lower than those in the control diet containing only the nutritious chlorophyte, Scenedesmus obliquus, whereas the two parameters in the neonates whose mothers had been previously exposed to M. aeruginosa were significantly higher than those of mothers fed with pure S. obliquus. These findings suggest that Dm-AK might play an essential role in the coupling of energy production and utilization and the tolerance of D. magna to toxic cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuexia Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guilian Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Alan E Wilson
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Zhou Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Striped murrel S1 family serine protease: immune characterization, antibacterial property and enzyme activities. Biologia (Bratisl) 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-014-0410-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Arockiaraj J, Gnanam AJ, Palanisamy R, Bhatt P, Kumaresan V, Chaurasia MK, Pasupuleti M, Ramaswamy H, Arasu A, Sathyamoorthi A. A cytosolic glutathione s-transferase, GST-theta from freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii: molecular and biochemical properties. Gene 2014; 546:437-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Si YX, Song JJ, Fang NY, Wang W, Wang ZJ, Yang JM, Qian GY, Yin SJ, Park YD. Purification, characterization, and unfolding studies of arginine kinase from Antarctic krill. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 67:426-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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32
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Effects of osmolytes on arginine kinase from Euphausia superba: A study on thermal denaturation and aggregation. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Suzuki T, Kanou Y. Two distinct arginine kinases in Neocaridina denticulate: Psychrophilic and mesophilic enzymes. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 67:433-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Arockiaraj J, Sathyamoorthi A, Kumaresan V, Palanisamy R, Chaurasia MK, Bhatt P, Gnanam AJ, Pasupuleti M, Arasu A. A murrel interferon regulatory factor-1: molecular characterization, gene expression and cell protection activity. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:5299-309. [PMID: 24859976 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3401-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have reported a first murrel interferon regulatory factor-1 (designated as Murrel IRF-1) which is identified from a constructed cDNA library of striped murrel Channa striatus. The identified sequence was obtained by internal sequencing method from the library. The Murrel IRF-1 varies in size of the polypeptide from the earlier reported fish IRF-1. It contains a DNA binding domain along with a tryptophan pentad repeats, a nuclear localization signal and a transactivation domain. The homologous analysis showed that the Murrel IRF-1 had a significant sequence similarity with other known fish IRF-1 groups. The phylogenetic analysis exhibited that the Murrel IRF-1 clustered together with IRF-1 members, but the other members including IRF-2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 were clustered individually. The secondary structure of Murrel IRF-1 contains 27% α-helices (85 aa residues), 5.7% β-sheets (19 aa residues) and 67.19% random coils (210 aa residues). Furthermore, we predicted a tertiary structure of Murrel IRF-1 using I-Tasser program and analyzed the structure on PyMol surface view. The RNA structure of the Murrel IRF-1 along with its minimum free energy (-284.43 kcal/mol) was also predicted. The highest gene expression was observed in spleen and its expression was inducted with pathogenic microbes which cause epizootic ulcerative syndrome in murrels such as fungus, Aphanomyces invadans and bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophila, and poly I:C, a viral RNA analog. The results of cell protection assay suggested that the Murrel IRF-1 regulates the early defense response in C. striatus. Moreover, it showed Murrel IRF-1 as a potential candidate which can be developed as a therapeutic agent to control microbial infections in striped murrel. Overall, these results indicate the immune importance of IRF-1, however, the interferon signaling mechanism in murrels upon infection is yet to be studied at proteomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesu Arockiaraj
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India,
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Ma FF, Liu QH, Guan GK, Li C, Huang J. Arginine kinase of Litopenaeus vannamei involved in white spot syndrome virus infection. Gene 2014; 539:99-106. [PMID: 24486504 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Virus-host interaction is important for virus infection. White spot syndrome virus VP14 contains transmembrane and signal peptides domain, which is considered to be important for virus infection. Until now, the function of this protein remains undefined. In this study, we explored the interaction of VP14 with host cell. A new shrimp protein (arginine kinase of Litopenaeus vannamei, LvAK) is selected and its localization in shrimp cells is also confirmed. Cellular localization of LvAK protein in shrimp hemocytes showed that LvAK was primarily located at the periphery of hemocytes and was scarcely detectable in the nucleus. Tissue distribution indicated that arginine kinase gene was spread commonly in the tissues and was highly present in shrimp muscle tissue. The expression of LvAK mRNA in muscle was significantly up-regulated after WSSV stimulation. Indirect immunofluorescence assay showed that LvAK interacted with VP14 in WSSV-infected shrimp. Injection of LvAK protein enhanced the mortality of shrimp infected with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). These results showed that LvAK is involved in WSSV infection. Future research on this topic will help to reveal the molecular mechanism of WSSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-fang Ma
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qing-hui Liu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| | - Guang-kuo Guan
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chen Li
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Jie Huang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
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A murrel cysteine protease, cathepsin L: bioinformatics characterization, gene expression and proteolytic activity. Biologia (Bratisl) 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-013-0326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Immunological role of C4 CC chemokine-1 from snakehead murrel Channa striatus. Mol Immunol 2013; 57:292-301. [PMID: 24231766 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have reported a cDNA sequence of C4 CC chemokine identified from snakehead murrel (also known as striped murrel) Channa striatus (named as CsCC-Chem-1) normalized cDNA library constructed by Genome Sequencing FLX™ Technology (GS-FLX™). CsCC-Chem-1 is 641 base pairs (bp) long that contain 438 bp open reading frame (ORF). The ORF encodes a polypeptide of 146 amino acids with a molecular mass of 15 kDa. The polypeptide contains a small cytokine domain at 30-88. The domain carries the CC motif at Cys(33)-Cys(34). In addition, CsCC-Chem-1 consists of another two cysteine residues at C(59) and C(73), which, together with C(33) and C(34), make CsCC-Chem-1 as a C4-CC chemokine. CsCC-Chem-1 also contains a 'TCCT' motif at 32-35 as CC signature motif; this new motif may represent new characteristic features, which may lead to some unknown function that needs to be further focused on. Phylogenitically, CsCC-Chem-1 clustered together with CC-Chem-1 from rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus and European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax. Significantly (P<0.05) highest gene expression was noticed in spleen and is up-regulated upon fungus (Aphanomyces invadans), bacteria (Aeromonas hydrophila) and virus (poly I:C) infection at various time points. The gene expression results indicate the influence of CsCC-Chem-1 in the immune system of murrel. Overall, the gene expression study showed that the CsCC-Chem-1 is a capable gene to increase the cellular response against various microbial infections. Further, we cloned the coding sequence of CsCC-Chem-1 in pMAL vector and purified the recombinant protein to study the functional properties. The cell proliferation activity of recombinant CsCC-Chem-1 protein showed a significant metabolic activity in a concentration dependent manner. Moreover, the chemotaxis assay showed the capability of recombinant CsCC-Chem-1 protein which can induce the migration of spleen leukocytes in C. striatus. However, this remains to be verified further at molecular and proteomic level.
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Arockiaraj J, Gnanam AJ, Kumaresan V, Palanisamy R, Bhatt P, Thirumalai MK, Roy A, Pasupuleti M, Kasi M. An unconventional antimicrobial protein histone from freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii: analysis of immune properties. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:1511-1522. [PMID: 23994279 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have reported the first histone characterized at molecular level from freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (MrHis). A full length cDNA of MrHis (751 base pairs) was identified from an established M. rosenbergii cDNA library using GS-FLX technique. It encodes 137 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 15 kDa and an isoelectric point of 10.5. MrHis peptide contains a histone H2A signature between 21 and 27 amino acids. Homologous analysis showed that MrHis had a significant sequence identity (99%) with other known histone H2A groups especially from Penaeus monodon. Phylogenetic analysis of MrHis showed a strong relationship with other amino acid sequences from histone H2A arthropod groups. Further phylogenetic analysis showed that the MrHis belongs to histone H2A superfamily and H2A1A sub-family. Secondary structure of MrHis showed that the protein contains 50.36% α-helical region and 49.64% coils. The 3D model of MrHis was predicted by I-Tasser program and the model was evaluated for quality analysis including C-score analysis, Ramachandran plot analysis and RMSD analysis. The surface view analysis of MrHis showed the active domain at the N terminal. The antimicrobial property of MrHis protein was confirmed by the helical structure and the total hydrophobic surface along with its net charge. The MFE of the predicted RNA structure of MrHis is -128.62 kcal/mol, shows its mRNA stability. Schiffer-Edmundson helical wheel analysis of the N-terminal of MrHis showed a perfect amphipathic nature of the peptide. Significantly (P < 0.05) highest gene expression was noticed in the hemocyte and is induced with viral (WSBV and MrNV) and bacteria (A eromonas hydrophila and Vibrio harveyi) infections. The coding sequence of recombinant MrHis protein was expressed in a pMAL vector and purified to study the antimicrobial properties. The recombinant product showed antimicrobial activity against both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. In this study, the recombinant MrHis protein displayed antimicrobial activity in its entirety. Hence, it is possible to suggest that the activity may be due to the direct defense role of histone or its N-terminal antimicrobial property. However, this remains to be verified by detailed investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesu Arockiaraj
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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40
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Macrobrachium rosenbergii cathepsin L: molecular characterization and gene expression in response to viral and bacterial infections. Microbiol Res 2013; 168:569-79. [PMID: 23669240 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin L (MrCathL) was identified from a constructed cDNA library of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. MrCathL full-length cDNA is 1161 base pairs (bp) with an ORF of 1026bp which encodes a polypeptide of 342 amino acid (aa) long. The eukaryotic cysteine proteases, histidine and asparagine active site residues were identified in the aa sequence of MrCathL at 143-154, 286-296 and 304-323, respectively. The pair wise clustalW analysis of MrCathL showed the highest similarity (97%) with the homologous cathepsin L from Macrobrachium nipponense and the lowest similarity (70%) from human. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two distinct clusters of the invertebrates and vertebrates cathepsin L in the phylogenetic tree. MrCathL and cathepsin L from M. nipponense were clustered together, formed a sister group to cathepsin L of Penaeus monodon, and finally clustered to Lepeophtheirus salmonis. High level of (P<0.05) MrCathL gene expression was noticed in haemocyte and lowest in eyestalk. Furthermore, the MrCathL gene expression in M. rosenbergii was up-regulated in haemocyte by virus [M. rosenbergii nodovirus (MrNV) and white spot syndrome baculovirus (WSBV)] and bacteria (Vibrio harveyi and Aeromonas hydrophila). The recombinant MrCathL exhibited a wide range of activity in various pH between 3 and 10 and highest at pH 7.5. Cysteine proteinase (stefin A, stefin B and antipain) showed significant influence (100%) on recombinant MrCathL enzyme activity. The relative activity and residual activity of recombinant MrCathL against various metal ions or salts and detergent tested at different concentrations. These results indicated that the metal ions, salts and detergent had an influence on the proteinase activity of recombinant MrCathL. Conclusively, the results of this study imply that MrCathL has high pH stability and is fascinating object for further research on the function of cathepsin L in prawn innate immune system.
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Arockiaraj J, Gnanam AJ, Muthukrishnan D, Gudimella R, Milton J, Singh A, Muthupandian S, Kasi M, Bhassu S. Crustin, a WAP domain containing antimicrobial peptide from freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii: immune characterization. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 34:109-118. [PMID: 23069787 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Crustin (MrCrs) was sequenced from a freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The MrCrs protein contains a signal peptide region at N-terminus between 1 and 22 and a long whey acidic protein domain (WAP domain) at C-terminus between 57 and 110 along with a WAP-type 'four-disulfide core' motif. Phylogenetic results show that MrCrs is clustered together with other crustacean crustin groups. MrCrs showed high sequence similarity (77%) with crustin from Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and Japanese spiny lobster Panulirus japonicas. I-TASSER uses the best structure templates to predict the possible structures of MrCrs along with PDB IDs such as 2RELA and 1FLEI. The gene expressions of MrCrs in both healthy M. rosenbergii and those infected with virus including infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila (Gram-negative) and Enterococcus faecium (Gram-positive) were examined using quantitative real time PCR. To understand its biological activity, the recombinant MrCrs gene was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant MrCrs protein agglutinated with the bacteria considered for analysis at a concentration of 25 μg/ml, except Lactococcus lactis. The bactericidal results showed that the recombinant MrCrs protein destroyed all the bacteria after incubation, even less than 6 h. These results suggest that MrCrs is a potential antimicrobial peptide, which is involved in the defense system of M. rosenbergii against viral and bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesu Arockiaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Arockiaraj J, Easwvaran S, Vanaraja P, Singh A, Othman RY, Bhassu S. Immunological role of thiol-dependent peroxiredoxin gene in Macrobrachium rosenbergii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 33:121-129. [PMID: 22565019 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have reported a full length of peroxiredoxin (designated MrPrdx) gene, identified from the transcriptome of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The complete gene sequence of the MrPrdx is 940 base pairs in length, and encodes 186 amino acids. MrPrdx contains a long thioredoxin domain in the amino acid sequence between 34 and 186. The gene expressions of MrPrdx in healthy and the infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) challenged M. rosenbergii were examined using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. MrPrdx is highly expressed in all the other tissues of M. rosenbergii considered for analysis and the highest in gills. The expression is strongly up-regulated in gills after IHHNV infection. To understand MrPrdx functional properties, the recombinant MrPrdx protein was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and purified. A peroxidise activity assay was conducted using recombinant MrPrdx protein at different concentrations. This peroxidises activity showed that the recombinant MrPrdx is a thiol-dependant protein. Additionally, this result showed that recombinant MrPrdx protein, as a secretory protein can remove H₂O₂ and protect DNA damage. This finding leads a possible way to propose the recombinant MrPrdx protein as an effective medicine for reactive oxygen species (ROS) related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesu Arockiaraj
- Centre for Biotechnology in Agriculture Research, Division of Genetics & Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Shi X, Wang L, Zhou Z, Yang C, Gao Y, Wang L, Song L. The arginine kinase in Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri is involved in immunomodulation. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 37:270-278. [PMID: 22480717 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Arginine kinase (AK) catalyzes the reversible phosphorylation of l-arginine to form phosphoarginine, and plays a critical role in energy metabolism in invertebrates. In the present study, a scallop AK gene was identified from Chlamys farreri with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1101bp encoding for a protein of 366 amino acids (designed as CfAK). An ATP-gua PtransN domain which was described as a guanidine substrate specificity domain (GS domain) and an ATP-gua Ptrans domian which was responsible for binding ATP, were both identified in CfAK. The mRNA transcripts of CfAK were detectable in haemocytes, hepatopancreas, adductor muscle, mantle, gill, kidney and gonad, with the highest expression level in the muscle and the lowest level in the hemocytes. The expression level of CfAK mRNA increased from fertilized eggs to eyebot, and reached the highest in the trochophore stage. The relative expression level of CfAK mRNA in muscle was up-regulated significantly after LPS (0.5mg/mL) stimulation, and reached the peak at 6h (5.2-fold, P<0.05). The activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the supernatant of muscle homogenate increased significantly from 3.2U/mg at 0 h to 9.7 U/mg at 12h after LPS stimulation, while the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in the supernatant of muscle homogenate began to increase at 3h (21.55 μmol/L), and reached the top concentration at 24h (42.27 μmol/L), then recovered to the normal level after 48 h. The recombinant protein of CfAK (rCfAK) expressed in Escherichia coli displayed Arginine kinase activity, and its apparent K(m) was 0.82 ± 0.11 and 1.24 ± 0.13 mM for L-arginine and ATP-Na, respectively. The results indicated that the CfAK was involved in energy production and utilization during the whole life process, and might refer to the immunomodulation process via altering the NO concentration and iNOS activity in scallop Chlamys farreri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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Arockiaraj J, Easwvaran S, Vanaraja P, Singh A, Othman RY, Bhassu S. Molecular cloning, characterization and gene expression of an antioxidant enzyme catalase (MrCat) from Macrobrachium rosenbergii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 32:670-82. [PMID: 22293093 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we reported a full length of catalase gene (designated as MrCat), identified from the transcriptome database of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The complete gene sequence of the MrCat is 2504 base pairs in length, and encodes 516 amino acids. The MrCat protein contains three domains such as catalase 1 (catalase proximal heme-ligand signature) at 350-358, catalase 2 (catalase proximal active site signature) at 60-76 and catalase 3 (catalase family profile) at 20-499. The mRNA expressions of MrCat in healthy and the infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) challenged M. rosenbergii were examined using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The MrCat is highly expressed in digestive tract and all the other tissues (walking leg, gills, muscle, hemocyte, hepatopancreas, pleopods, brain and eye stalk) of M. rosenbergii taken for analysis. The expression is strongly up-regulated in digestive tract after IHHNV challenge. To understand its biological activity, the recombinant MrCat gene was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant MrCat existed in high thermal stability and broad spectrum of pH, which showed over 95% enzyme activity between pH 5 and 10.5, and was stable from 40 °C to 70 °C, and exhibited 85-100% enzyme activity from 30 °C to 40 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesu Arockiaraj
- Centre for Biotechnology in Agriculture Research, Division of Genetics & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Arockiaraj J, Vanaraja P, Easwvaran S, Singh A, Othman RY, Bhassu S. Gene expression and functional studies of small heat shock protein 37 (MrHSP37) from Macrobrachium rosenbergii challenged with infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV). Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:6671-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1473-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Arockiaraj J, Easwvaran S, Vanaraja P, Singh A, Othman RY, Bhassu S. Effect of infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) infection on caspase 3c expression and activity in freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 32:161-169. [PMID: 22119573 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Caspase 3c (MrCasp3c) was sequenced from the freshwater giant prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii using Illumina Solexa Genome Analyzer Technique. MrCasp3c consisted of 2080 bp nucleotide encoded 521 polypeptide with an estimated molecular mass of 59 kDa. MrCasp3c sequence contains caspase family p20 domain profile and caspase family p10 domain profile at 236-367 and 378-468 respectively. The quantitative real time PCR analysis revealed a broad expression of MrCasp3c with the highest expression in haemocyte and the lowest in stomach. The expression of MrCasp3c after challenge with the infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) was tested in haemocyte. In addition, MrCasp3c was expressed in Escherichia coli by prokaryotic expression plasmid pMAL-c2x. The enzyme activity of MrCasp3c was also found to be up-regulated by IHHNV in haemocyte and hepatopancreas tissues. This study suggested that MrCasp3c may be an effector caspase associated with the induction of apoptosis which is potentially involved in the immune defence of M. rosenbergii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesu Arockiaraj
- Centre for Biotechnology in Agriculture Research, Division of Genetics & Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Arockiaraj J, Vanaraja P, Easwvaran S, Singh A, Othman RY, Bhassu S. Bioinformatic characterization and gene expression pattern of apoptosis inhibitor from Macrobrachium rosenbergii challenged with infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 31:1259-1267. [PMID: 21945707 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is genetically programmed cellular killing processes that execute unnecessary or infected cells. It plays an important role in embryogenesis, homeostasis, insect metamorphosis and immunity. Apoptosis inhibitor (MrIAP) was sequenced from the freshwater giant prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii using Illumina Solexa Genome Analyzer Technique. MrIAP consisted of 1753 base pair nucleotides encoded 535 polypeptide with an estimated molecular mass of 60 kDa. MrIAP amino acid sequence contains IAP superfamily domain between 5 and 490. The deduced amino acid sequences of the MrIAP were aligned with the other IAP family members. The highest sequence similarity was observed in IAP-5 from ant Camponotus floridanus (67%) followed by IAP from body louse Pediculus humanus corporis (66%) and the lowest (62%) in IAP-5 isoform-5 from common chimpanzee Pan troglodytes and IAP-5 from Aedes aegypti. The IAP phylogenetic tree showed that MrIAP closely related to other arthropod blacklegged tick Ixodes scapularis, formed a sister group with IAP from a hemichordate acorn worm Saccoglossus kowalevskii and finally clustered together with IAPs from fish groups. The quantitative real time PCR analysis revealed that significantly (P < 0.05) highest expression was noticed in hepatopancreas and significantly (P < 0.05) lowest expression in pleopods. Based on the results of gene expression analysis, MrIAP mRNA transcription in M. rosenbergii challenged to infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) was highly induced in hepatopancreas. The collective results of this study indicate that the MrIAP is an essential immune gene and influences the immune response against IHHNV infection in M. rosenbergii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesu Arockiaraj
- Centre for Biotechnology in Agriculture Research, Division of Genetics & Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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