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Swamy JM, Naik MG, Rathore SS, Srinivasa KH, Monica KS. Dietary supplementation of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets with bay laurel (Laurus nobilis): alleviation of oxidative stress and amelioration of immune response, serum biochemistry, and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:197-208. [PMID: 37450203 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Herbal plants can enhance immunity and alleviate oxidative stress in fish. Therefore, the present work was performed to evaluate the effects of bay laurel (Laurus nobilis) on growth, immunity, antioxidant activities, disease resistance, and hematology in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). A total of 225 Nile tilapia fingerlings (average weight 15.36 ± 0.04 g) were divided into five treatment groups and fed with bay laurel at 0, 10, 15, 20, and 25 g/kg diet for 90 days. A completely randomized design with three replications was applied. The significantly (p < 0.05) improved weight growth (WG), food conversion ratio (FCR), average daily growth (ADG), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and survival rate were observed in fish fed with bay laurel-supplemented diet at the rate of 15 g/kg. Significantly improved red blood cells (RBCs) count, white blood cells (WBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), and significantly declined alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were found in the same diet-fed group. The immune response parameters such as nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT), lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity, total serum protein, serum albumin, serum globulin, and albumin-globulin ratio were found significantly improved at 15 g/kg bay laurel supplemented diet. The improved antioxidant response (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant activity) was also observed in the same diet-fed group. Relative percent survival after the fish challenged against Aeromonas hydrophila was significantly (p < 0.05) different. Overall, bay laurel supplementation at a 15 g/kg diet improved the nutritional physiology and immunity and, therefore, could be a potential growth-promoting feed additive for aquaculture development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayashri Mahadev Swamy
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India
| | - M Ganapathi Naik
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjay Singh Rathore
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India.
| | - K H Srinivasa
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India
| | - K S Monica
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India
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Zhang SQ, Li P, He SW, Xing SY, Cao ZH, Zhao XL, Sun C, Li ZH. Combined effect of microplastic and triphenyltin: Insights from the gut-brain axis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 16:100266. [PMID: 37096249 PMCID: PMC10121632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), an emerging group of pollutants, not only have direct toxic effects on aquatic organisms but also cause combined toxicity by absorbing other pollutants. Triphenyltin (TPT), one of the most widely used organotin compounds, has adverse effects on aquatic organisms. However, little is known about the combined toxicity of MPs and TPT to aquatic organisms. To investigate the individual and combined toxicity of MPs and TPT, we selected the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) for a 42-day exposure experiment. Based on the environmental concentrations in a heavily polluted area, the experimental concentrations of MPs and TPT were set at 0.5 mg L-1 and 1 μg L-1, respectively. The effects of MPs combined with TPT on the carp gut-brain axis were evaluated by detecting gut physiology and biochemical parameters, gut microbial 16S rRNA, and brain transcriptome sequencing. Our results suggest that a single TPT caused lipid metabolism disorder and a single MP induced immunosuppression in carp. When MPs were combined with TPT, the involvement of TPT amplified the immunotoxic effect induced by MPs. In this study, we also explored the gut-brain axis relationship of carp immunosuppression, providing new insights for assessing the combined toxicity of MPs and TPT. At the same time, our study provides a theoretical basis for evaluating the coexistence risk of MPs and TPT in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qi Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510301, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Shu-Wen He
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Shao-Ying Xing
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Zhi-Han Cao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Xue-Li Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Cuici Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510301, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
- Corresponding author. Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China.
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Patra I, Dewi AP, Fawzi M, Hussam F, Obayes IK, Jamal MA, Hammoodi HA, Abbass ZR, Dadras M, Narimanizad F. Effects of Dietary Medlar ( Mespilus germanica L.) Extract on Growth Performance, Innate Immune Characteristics, Antioxidant Status, and Responses to Crowding Stress in Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:7613330. [PMID: 37564114 PMCID: PMC10412272 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7613330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
High stocking density is a stress factor that potentially affects physiological and immune responses. In this study, the effects of medlar (Mespilus germanica) extract (ME) supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant, immune status, and stress responses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were studied. Six hundred fish (40.19 ± 1.09 g; average fish weight ± standard error) were distributed randomly into five experimental groups (assayed in triplicates). The experimental diets were formulated as follows: 0 (T1, control), 0.5% (T2), 1% (T3), 1.5% (T4), and 2% (T4). After 60 days feeding trial, the fish were confined, and the density increased (60 kg/m3) for further 14 days. Results showed significant increases in final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate, and feed intake in the T4 compared to the control (P < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) in T4 significantly decreased compared to the control (P < 0.05). Also, the treated groups showed significant improvements in catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), lysozyme (LYZ), total immunoglobulin (total Ig), respiratory burst activity (RBA), total protein, and phagocytosis (PHA) (P < 0.05). Moreover, compared with the control group, supplementation could significantly decrease glucose (GLU) and cortisol (CORT), alanine transaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (P < 0.05). After the challenge, FW and WG in all treated challenge groups were significantly improved compared to the control group (P < 0.05). FCR showed a significant decrease in all treated challenged groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). However, malondialdehyde, CAT, GPx, SOD, LYZ, complement activity (C3 and C4), total Ig, RBA, peroxidase, and PHA in challenged treated groups were significantly increased compared to the control group (P < 0.05). All treated challenged groups showed lower ALT, LDH, AST, ALP, GLU, and CORT levels than the control group (P < 0.05). The experiment herein successfully demonstrated that dietary ME stimulated fish growth, antioxidant status, and immune responses in crowding conditions and can be recommended as beneficial feed additives for rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Afiska Prima Dewi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Universitas Aisyah Pringsewu, Lampung, Indonesia
| | | | - Fadhil Hussam
- College of Medical Technology, Medical Lab Techniques, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Israa K. Obayes
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, AL-Mustaqbal University College, Hilla, Iraq
| | | | | | - Zainab R. Abbass
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Mahnaz Dadras
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fariborz Narimanizad
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
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Naseri M, Iranzadasl M, Ghaffari F, Naseri V, Emadi F, Alijaniha F, Behfar A, Bahaeddin Z. Persian medicine anti-dandruff topical remedies: a narrative review. JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL PLANTS 2022; 21:1-12. [DOI: 10.52547/jmp.21.84.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
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Noureen A, De Marco G, Rehman N, Jabeen F, Cappello T. Ameliorative Hematological and Histomorphological Effects of Dietary Trigonella foenum-graecum Seeds in Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio) Exposed to Copper Oxide Nanoparticles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13462. [PMID: 36294038 PMCID: PMC9603639 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Different types of metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are being used for wastewater treatment worldwide but concerns have been raised regarding their potential toxicities, especially toward non-targeted aquatic organisms including fishes. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of copper oxide (CuO) NPs (1.5 mg/L; positive control group) in a total of 130 common carp (Cyprinus carpio), as well as the potential ameliorative effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seed extracts (100 mg/L as G-1 group, 125 mg/L as G-2 group, and 150 mg/L as G-3 group) administered to fish for 28 days. Significant changes were observed in the morphometric parameters: the body weight and length of the CuO-NP-treated fish respectively decreased from 45.28 ± 0.34 g and 14.40 ± 0.56 cm at day one to 43.75 ± 0.41 g and 13.57 ± 0.67 cm at day 28. Conversely, fish treated with T. foenum-graecum seed extract showed significant improvements in body weight and length. After exposure to CuO NPs, a significant accumulation of Cu was recorded in the gills, livers, and kidneys (1.18 ± 0.006 µg/kg ww, 1.38 ± 0.006 µg/kg ww, and 0.05 ± 0.006 µg/kg ww, respectively) of the exposed common carp, and significant alterations in fish hematological parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers (lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT)) were also observed. However, supplementing diets with fenugreek extracts modulated the blood parameters and the oxidative stress enzymes. Similarly, histological observations revealed that sub-lethal exposure to CuO NPs caused severe histomorphological changes in fish gills (i.e., degenerative epithelium, fused lamellae, necrotic lamellae, necrosis of primary lamellae, complete degeneration, and complete lamellar fusion), liver (i.e., degenerative hepatocytes, vacuolization, damaged central vein, dilated sinusoid, vacuolated degeneration, and complete degeneration), and kidney (i.e., necrosis and tubular degeneration, abnormal glomerulus, swollen tubules, and complete degeneration), while the treatment with the fenugreek extract significantly decreased tissue damage in a dose-dependent manner by lowering the accumulation of Cu in the selected fish tissues. Overall, this work demonstrated the ameliorative effects of dietary supplementation with T. foenum-graecum seed extract against the toxicity of NPs in aquatic organisms. The findings of this study therefore provided evidence of the promising nutraceutical value of fenugreek and enhanced its applicative potential in the sector of fish aquaculture, as it was shown to improve the growth performance and wellness of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasma Noureen
- Department of Zoology, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Department of Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Giuseppe De Marco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Nagina Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Bio-active components in medicinal plants: A mechanistic review of their effects on fish growth and physiological parameters. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
World population is increasing at a tremendous rate so is the demand for animal-based protein. Aquaculture is a promising industry that has the potential to supply high quality protein for mankind with minimum environmental impact. In the past decade, aquaculture practices have been shifting from extensive to intensive culture. To achieve maximum production per unit area, high stocking densities are maintained in intensive aquaculture. If not managed properly, this may lead to stress in fish. Fish under stress condition show decreased growth, suppressed appetite, weakened immunity and increased susceptibility to infections. Chemicals, vaccines and antibiotics are used for the treatment of diseased fish. Use of synthetic chemicals, vaccines and antibiotics is not sustainable because pathogens develop resistance against them and they have high residues. Moreover, certain chemicals used for the treatment of fish diseases are not safe for humans therefore, are banned in some countries. Plant parts and their extracts are used in traditional medicines to cure many diseases and to improve health of mankind. In aquaculture industry, use of plants and their derivatives in fish feed to improve health status of fish is increasing. Several plants improve growth and overall health status of fish, some provide protection against pathogens by improving the immune system while others increase appetite by direct action on neuro-endocrine axis of fish. This review provides an in depth and up to date information about use of medicinal plants and their derivatives to improve growth and physiological status of fish and their possible mechanism of action.
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Rashmeei M, Hosseini Shekarabi SP, Mehrgan MS, Paknejad H. Assessment of dietary chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus) fruit extract on growth performance, hemato-biochemical parameters, and mRNA levels of growth and appetite-related genes in goldfish (Carassius auratus). AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Hosseini Shekarabi SP, Mostafavi ZS, Mehrgan MS, Islami HR. Dietary supplementation with dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) flower extract provides immunostimulation and resistance against Streptococcus iniae infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 118:180-187. [PMID: 34506883 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dandelion flower is a well-known phytomedicine due to its therapeutic effects on dyspepsia, bile duct disorders, spleen and liver complaints, and inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to assess the effect of dietary dandelion flower extract (DFE) on skin mucosal and humoral immunity, immune-related gene expression, and disease resistance in rainbow trout. The fingerlings (N = 300, 20.1 ± 0.9 g) were randomly assigned to 15 tanks and fed with different levels of DEF including 0 (control), 1, 2, 3, and 4 g/kg for 56 days. At the end of the trial, the total leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were significantly enhanced in DFE-added groups compared to the control group. Complement components, immunoglobulin M, total protein, and lysozyme showed significantly higher values in the fish treated with dietary DFE at 3 g/kg than others (P < 0.05). The enzymatic activities of the skin mucus samples in the fish fed dietary levels of DFE were significantly higher than the control fish. Skin mucus protein was also improved significantly in 2 and 3 g/kg DFE compared to others. The transcription levels of interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 genes were up-regulated in the fish fed with 3 and 4 g/kg DFE. Interleukin-8 and lysozyme gene expression levels were elevated in 3 g/kg DFE group compared to the control group. Fish mortality after challenging with Streptococcus iniae was significantly reduced from 43.33% in the control group to 73.33% in 3 g/kg DFE group. This study confirmed the beneficial effects of DFE as an immunostimulant in rainbow trout diet and the recommended dose of DFE is 2.49-2.74 g/kg based on the polynomial regression models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeinab Sadat Mostafavi
- Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shamsaie Mehrgan
- Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Houman Rajabi Islami
- Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Abd El-latif AM, El-Gawad EAA, Soror EI, Shourbela RM, Zahran E. Dietary supplementation with miswak (Salvadora persica) improves the health status of Nile tilapia and protects against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. AQUACULTURE REPORTS 2021; 19:100594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2021.100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Zhao Y, Yan MY, Jiang Q, Yin L, Zhou XQ, Feng L, Liu Y, Jiang WD, Wu P, Zhao J, Jiang J. Isoleucine improved growth performance, and intestinal immunological and physical barrier function of hybrid catfish Pelteobagrus vachelli × Leiocassis longirostris. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 109:20-33. [PMID: 32991991 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine effects of dietary isoleucine (Ile) on growth performance, and intestinal immunological and physical barrier function of hybrid catfish Pelteobagrus vachelli × Leiocassis longirostris. Six hundred and thirty fish (33.11 ± 0.09 g) were randomly divided into seven experimental groups with three replicates each, and respectively fed seven diets with 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 17.5, and 20.0 g Ile kg-1 diets for 8 weeks. The results showed improvement of growth performance, feed intake, feed utilization, relative gut length (RGL), and intestinal fold height and width by dietary Ile (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, dietary Ile (12.5 g kg-1 diet) improved the activities of lysozyme (LZM), acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and the contents of complement 3 (C3), C4, and immunoglobulin M (IgM) (P < 0.05). The c-type-lectin, c-LZM, g-LZM, and hepcidin mRNA expressions in the intestine were up-regulated in fish fed diets with 10.0-20.0 g Ile kg-1 diet (P < 0.05). Dietary Ile (10.0-12.5 g Ile kg-1 diet) increased intestinal β-defensin mRNA expression partially in association with Sirt1/ERK/90RSK signaling pathway. Dietary Ile (12.5-15.0 g Ile kg-1 diet) decreased oxidative damage and improved antioxidant ability by increasing activities and expressions of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase (P < 0.05). The occludin, ZO-1, ZO-2, claudin3, and claudin 7 mRNA expressions in the intestine were up-regulated in fish fed diets with 10.0 and 12.5 g Ile kg-1 diet (P < 0.05), whereas the myosin light chain kinase gene expression was decreased in fish fed diets with 7.5-17.5 g Ile kg-1 diet. Dietary Ile (10-12.5 g Ile kg-1 diet) decreased apoptotic responses by reducing the expression of caspase3 and caspase 9 via the AKT/TOR signaling pathway. Based on the quadratic regression analysis of PWG, the dietary Ile requirement of hybrid catfish was estimated to be 12.43 g Ile kg-1 diet, corresponding to 32.05 g Ile kg-1 dietary protein. Collectively, dietary Ile improved growth performance and immunological and physical barrier function of intestine in hybrid catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ming-Yao Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Long Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
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Rashmeei M, Hosseini Shekarabi SP, Shamsaie Mehrgan M, Paknejad H. Stimulatory effect of dietary chasteberry (Vitex agnus-castus) extract on immunity, some immune-related gene expression, and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in goldfish (Carassius auratus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:129-136. [PMID: 33002603 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chasteberry is highly recommended as an herbal medicine across the globe for treating of many gynaecological disorders. In this study, chasteberry extract (CBE) was supplemented in goldfish diet to evaluate the immunity responses at the cellular and molecular levels. Moreover, after the feeding trial, the fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. The fish (300 individuals, 2.4 ± 0.12 g initial weight) were randomly distributed in 12 tanks and were fed with 0 (control), 5, 10, and 15 g CBE per kg of feed for 8 weeks. Based on the results, lysozyme activity, alkaline phosphatase, and total immunoglobulin (Ig) in the skin mucus samples were significantly enhanced in the fish fed with 15 g/kg CBE (P < 0.05). Moreover, dietary CBE positively affected lysozyme activity, complement components, and IgM content of the serum samples compared to the control group. Also, the number of monocytes and lymphocytes were increased significantly with increasing CBE in the diet (P < 0.05). The highest mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factors (TNF-α, TNF-2α) and Lysozyme were observed in 15 g/kg CBE treatment. After the challenge test, the highest relative percentage survival value (60%) was observed in the fish fed with 15 g/kg CBE. We concluded that dietary CBE especially at 15 g/kg has an immunomodulatory effect in goldfish by stimulating the innate immunity and some inflammatory cytokines as well as disease resistance against A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Rashmeei
- Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Shamsaie Mehrgan
- Department of Fisheries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamed Paknejad
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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Influence of Feeding Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa) Seeds and Prickly Pear Fruit ( Opuntia ficus indica) Peel on the Immune Response and Resistance to Aeromonas sobria Infection in Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus). Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122266. [PMID: 33271917 PMCID: PMC7760620 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The inclusion of dietary supplements as feed additives in fish feed promotes the growth, immunity, and health of the fish, thereby accomplishing extraordinary outcomes in the net gain of the farm. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of using quinoa seeds (QU) and prickly pear fruit peel (PP) as dietary supplements for fish, at the dose levels of 10% and 20% of the diet, on the immune response and disease resistance against pathogens, providing a novel perspective in aquaculture. Our findings indicated that the inclusion of PP and QU into the diets of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as feed supplements improved the survival rate, as well as the hematological, digestive, antioxidant, and immunological parameters. Moreover, an improvement in the strength of Nile tilapia immune response against Aeromonas sobria (A. sobria) infection was observed, evidenced by the improvement in the survival rate of infected fish. This was accomplished through the protection of the hepatic tissue and modulation of the expression of immune-encoding genes, including the downregulation of the gene encoding TGF-β and upregulation of the IFN-γ-encoding gene. Moreover, histological restoration of the morphological structures of intestine, liver, and spleen tissues was observed, particularly at the supplementation level of 20%. Abstract In recent times, nutraceuticals have been used extensively to identify promising feed additives for the improvement of the aquaculture industry through the enhancement of growth and survival rates, potentiation of the immune responses, and fortification of the resistance against infectious bacterial diseases. In this study, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were fed with diets supplemented with quinoa seeds (QU) or prickly pear fruit peel (PP) at the dose levels of 10% or 20% of the diet. After 45 days of the feeding trial, the fish were exposed to Aeromonas sobria (A. sobria) challenge. The pre-challenge indices indicated that both supplements mediated a significant improvement in most of the estimated parameters, including survival rate, antioxidant status, hematological and immunological indices, and hepatoprotective potential. These effects were recorded in the groups fed with high doses of the supplements (20%). The least changes were observed in the QU10-supplemented fish. In the spleen tissue, the TGF-β gene was upregulated in the PP10-, PP20- and QU20-supplemented groups, while the expression of the IFN-γ gene remained unaffected in all the supplemented groups, except for the PP20-supplemented group, which showed an upregulation. After the challenge with A. sobria, the relative survival percentage was improved by the supplementation of PP and QU, particularly in the PP20-supplemented group, possibly via the promotion of immunological responses, hepatoprotective potency, and modulation of the studied genes. Moreover, the morphological structure of the tissues showed marked recovery. The findings suggest that Nile tilapia fed with different levels of PP peel and QU seeds, particularly at the level of 20%, enhanced the immune response in fish and improved their resistance against A. sobria infection.
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Espinosa C, García Beltrán JM, Messina CM, Esteban MÁ. Effect of Jasonia glutinosa on immune and oxidative status of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 100:58-69. [PMID: 32145448 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Jasonia glutinosa (rock-tea, RT) has numerous biological activities. In the present work, the beneficial effects of dietary RT on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) were studied. Fish fed experimental diets containing 0 (control), 10 or 30% of RT for 15 and 30 days. Samples from skin mucus, blood, head kidney, liver and gut were obtained at 15 and 30 days. The antioxidant properties from RT were analysed such as the antioxidant capacity and phenolic content. The heat shock protein 70 level (HSP70) and the total oxidized proteins were evaluated on skin mucus as stress markers. Immune parameters, both humoral (peroxidase activity, immunoglobulin M levels and complement activity) and cellular (phagocytic, respiratory burst and peroxidase activities) were determined in skin mucus, serum or head-kidney leucocytes, respectively. Concomitantly, the expression of different genes related to inflammation and oxidative stress was studied both in liver and gut. Skin mucus peroxidase was significantly increased on fish fed 10% RT for 15 days with respect to the control group. In addition, Serum IgM levels were significantly increased while HSP70 levels and oxidized proteins were significantly decreased on skin mucus from fish fed 30% RT for 30 days, respectively. Besides, cellular immune parameters (phagocytosis, respiratory burst and peroxidase activity) were significantly higher in leucocytes from fish fed the RT diets for 15 days, but not for 30 days. Finally, the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes was up-regulated in liver at 15 and in liver and gut at 30 days. However, the expression of il1b and hsp70 was down-regulated in the liver of fish fed 30% RT for 30 days with respect to the values of control fish. The possible inclusion of RT in fish diets as an additive with antioxidant and/or immunostimulant activities is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Espinosa
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - José María García Beltrán
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Concetta Maria Messina
- Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Trapani, Italy
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Rimoldi S, Torrecillas S, Montero D, Gini E, Makol A, Valdenegro V. V, Izquierdo M, Terova G. Assessment of dietary supplementation with galactomannan oligosaccharides and phytogenics on gut microbiota of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax) fed low fishmeal and fish oil based diet. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231494. [PMID: 32298317 PMCID: PMC7162502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest from the aquafeed industry in functional feeds containing selected additives that improve fish growth performance and health status. Functional feed additives include probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, and phytogenics (substances derived from plants and their extracts). This study evaluated the effects of dietary inclusion of a mucilage extract rich in galactomannan oligosaccharides (GMOS), a mixture of garlic and labiatae-plants oils (PHYTO), and a combination of them (GMOSPHYTO), on gut microbiota composition of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed with a low fishmeal (FM) and fish oil (FO) diet. Three experimental diets and a control diet (plant-based formulation with 10% FM and 6% FO) were tested in a 63-days feeding trial. To analyze the microbiota associated to feeds and the intestinal autochthonous (mucosa-adhered) and allochthonous (transient) microbial communities, the Illumina MiSeq platform for sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and QIIME2 pipeline were used. Metabarcoding analysis of feed-associated bacteria showed that the microbial communities of control (CTRL) feed deeply differed from those of experimental diets. The number of reads was significantly lower in CTRL feed than in other feeds. The OTU (operational taxonomic unit) number was instead similar between the feeds, ranging from 42 to 50 OTUs. The variation of resident gut microbiota induced by diet was lower than the variation of transient intestinal microbiota, because feedstuffs are a major source of allochthonous bacteria, which can temporarily integrate into the gut transient microbiome. However, the composition of transient bacterial communities was not simply a mirror of feed-borne bacteria. Indeed, the microbial profile of feeds was different from both faecal and mucosa profiles. Our findings suggest that the dietary inclusion of GMOS (0.5%) and PHYTO (0.02%) in a low FM and FO diet induces changes in gut microbiota composition of European sea bass. However, if on allochthonous microbiota the combined inclusion of GMOS and PHYTO showed an antagonistic effect on bactericidal activity against Vibrionales, at mucosa level, only GMOSPHYTO diet increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidales, Lactobacillales, and Clostridiales resident bacterial orders. The main beneficial effects of GMOS and PHYTO on gut microbiota are the reduction of coliforms and Vibrionales bacteria, which include several potentially pathogenic species for fish, and the enrichment of gut microbiota composition with butyrate producer taxa. Therefore, these functional ingredients have a great potential to be used as health-promoting agents in the farming of European sea bass and other marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Rimoldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Silvia Torrecillas
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Daniel Montero
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Elisabetta Gini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Alex Makol
- Delacon Biotechnik GmbH, Steyregg, Austria
| | | | - Marisol Izquierdo
- Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Genciana Terova
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Mahdhi A, Chakroun I, Espinosa-Ruiz C, Messina CM, Arena R, Majdoub H, Santulli A, Mzoughi R, Esteban MA. Dietary administration effects of exopolysaccharide from potential probiotic strains on immune and antioxidant status and nutritional value of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.). Res Vet Sci 2020; 131:51-58. [PMID: 32302865 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of biological immunostimulants is considered a valuable practice to improve culture conditions in aquaculture sector that may help to increase production and maintain healthy environment. We undertook this study in order to evaluate the potential effect of the administration of two exopolysaccharides (EPS) "EPLB" and "EPB" derived from potential probiotic strains on immune and antioxidant status of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) larvae. In order to find out if the EPSs have an effect on the biochemical composition during the trial period, the nutritional value has been evaluated. The results revealed that expression levels of immune-relevant genes (infg, Il1b, Il8, Il6 and tcr-β) in the gut and head kidney and the scavenging enzymes (cat, sod, gr) genes in the liver were modulated. In fact, the dietary supplementation with the tested EPSs, significantly enhances the expression of immune-associated genes in the head-kidney, particularly infg and tcrβ, as well as catalase gene in liver. During the period of study, EPSs administration did not affect the fatty acid profiles of larvae, which is balanced. This is confirmed by the Docosahexaenoic acid / Eicosapentaenoic acid ratio and demonstrates that EPLB and EPB can be administrated without any negative effect on biochemical composition of European sea bass. The present findings provided evidence that the tested EPSs with antibacterial and antioxidant activities can enhance immune response without negative effect on the biochemical composition. The used EPSs can be considered as a good source of natural functional aquafeed ingredients for European sea bass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkarim Mahdhi
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the envirOnment and Products. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Ibtissem Chakroun
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the envirOnment and Products. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Cristóbal Espinosa-Ruiz
- Immunobiology for aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; University of Palermo, Department of Earth and Sea Science, Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, (Trapani), via Barlotta 4, 91100, Italy
| | - Concetta Maria Messina
- University of Palermo, Department of Earth and Sea Science, Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, (Trapani), via Barlotta 4, 91100, Italy
| | - Rosaria Arena
- University of Palermo, Department of Earth and Sea Science, Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, (Trapani), via Barlotta 4, 91100, Italy
| | - Hatem Majdoub
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of the Polluants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Andrea Santulli
- University of Palermo, Department of Earth and Sea Science, Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, (Trapani), via Barlotta 4, 91100, Italy
| | - Ridha Mzoughi
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the envirOnment and Products. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Maria Angeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Wang J, Liang D, Yang Q, Tan B, Dong X, Chi S, Liu H, Zhang S. The effect of partial replacement of fish meal by soy protein concentrate on growth performance, immune responses, gut morphology and intestinal inflammation for juvenile hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:619-631. [PMID: 31704202 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of partial replacement of fish meal by soy protein concentrate (SPC) on the growth performance, immune responses, intestine morphology and relation gene expression of intestinal inflammation for juvenile hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂) (initial weight 12.5 ± 0.00 g). Eight isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets (48.61% protein and 11.17% lipid) were formulated by replacing 0% (the control), 11%, 22%, 33%, 44%, 55%, 66%, and 77% of fish meal (FM) with SPC, respectively (the eight dietary be named FM, S11, S22, S33, S44, S55, S66, and S77, respectively). With the replacement level increased, the final body weight, weight gain ratio (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and survival rate of fish were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) compared with the group FM. By contrast, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of fish was significantly increased (P < 0.05) when the replacement level up to 44%. Partial FM replacement by SPC (ranging from 11% to 77%) substantially reduced (P < 0.05) the serum total protein, albumin, and total cholesterol contents compared with the group FM. Liver total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase activities, and total antioxidant capacity showed the same trend of gradual increase first and then decrease. Their highest values were found in the replacement levels of 55%, 33%, 22%, and 55% and were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the control group. The lowest malondialdehyde content was observed in group S77 and was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that of the control group. The complements C3 and C4 contents of fish fed with experimental diets (replacement level ranged from 11% to 66%) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the group FM. The liver lysozyme activity of the control group was the lowest and was significantly lower than that of other dietary treatments (P < 0.05). Villus length and muscle thickness in the intestine of fish were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than other groups when the replacement level exceeded 44%. With dietary replacement levels increased, the TLR22, MyD88, p65, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-12P40 and INF-γ) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β, IL-10, epinecidin, MHCIIβ and hepcidin) mRNA levels in the proximal intestine were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05). The TLR22, MyD88, p65, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-12P40 and INF-γ) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β, IL-10, MHCIIβ and hepcidin) mRNA levels in the mid intestine were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05). The mRNA levels of TLR22, anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-12P40, INF-γ) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β, IL-10, epinecidin, MHCIIβ and hepcidin) in the distal intestine were significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of MyD88 and p65 mRNA were showed a tend increased first and then decreased, and the highest values were observed in group S33 and S55 (P < 0.05), respectively. Based on the present work, the correlation between WGR and FM replacement level with SPC was described using the broken-line model, which estimated the optimum FM replacement to 37.23% for juvenile hybrid grouper dietary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxian Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Dazhi Liang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Qihui Yang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Beiping Tan
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, PR China
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Hu S, Li SW, Yan Q, Hu XP, Li LY, Zhou H, Pan LX, Li J, Shen CP, Xu T. Natural products, extracts and formulations comprehensive therapy for the improvement of motor function in alcoholic liver disease. Pharmacol Res 2019; 150:104501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Yu H, Liang H, Ren M, Ji K, Yang Q, Ge X, Xi B, Pan L. Effects of dietary fenugreek seed extracts on growth performance, plasma biochemical parameters, lipid metabolism, Nrf2 antioxidant capacity and immune response of juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:211-219. [PMID: 31499200 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dietary administration of some plant-derived substances have been proved of great economic value in aquaculture. In order to investigate the effects of dietary fenugreek seed extracts (FSE) on juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala), a feeding trial was conducted for 8 weeks. The results showed that final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and specific growth rate (SGR) were not significantly affected by dietary FSE levels. The whole body lipid contents of fish fed with 0.04%, 0.08% and 0.16% FSE diets were significantly lowered compared to the control group. Dietary FSE diets significantly affected plasma complement component 3 (C3), immunoglobulin M (IgM), albumin (ALB) and total protein (TP). The relative expressions of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP1) mRNA in the liver of fish decreased significantly with increasing dietary FSE levels from 0% up to 0.04%. FSE supplementation diets lowered the liver pro-inflammatory genes expressions by regulating tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) mRNA levels and increased anti-inflammatory genes expression by regulating transforming growth factor (TGF-β) and interleukin 10 (IL-10). FSE diets increased growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and target of rapamycin (TOR) mRNA levels from 0% up to 0.04%, 0.04% FSE diets significantly increased growth factor-1 (IGF-1) mRNA levels and S6 kinase-polypeptide 1 (S6K1) mRNA levels compared to the control group. 0.04% FSE diets significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and 0.08% FSE diets significantly increased catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, 0.16% FSE diets significantly increased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activities compared to the control group. Additionally, compared to the control group, 0.04% dietary FSE significantly up-regulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA levels and glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx1) mRNA levels, at the same time, 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.08%, 0.16% FSE diets significantly down-regulated kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) mRNA levels. However, no significant effects were observed on copper zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) and manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD). Our study indicated that dietary FSE could improve plasma biochemical parameters, regulate lipid metabolism related genes, promote Nrf2 antioxidant capacity and enhance immune response of juvenile blunt snout bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Hualiang Liang
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Mingchun Ren
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China; Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China.
| | - Ke Ji
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Jiangsu Tianshen Co., Ltd, Huai'an, 223003, China
| | - Xianping Ge
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China; Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Bingwen Xi
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China; Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Liangkun Pan
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, China
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Dietary phytogenics and galactomannan oligosaccharides in low fish meal and fish oil-based diets for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles: Effects on gut health and implications on in vivo gut bacterial translocation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222063. [PMID: 31532807 PMCID: PMC6750610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
European sea bass were fed four low FM/FO (10%/6%) diets containing galactomannan oligosaccharides (GMOS), a mixture of garlic oil and labiatae plants oils (PHYTO), or a combination of both functional products (GMOSPHYTO) for 63 days before exposing the fish to an intestinal Vibrio anguillarum infection combined with crowding stress. In order to evaluate functional diets efficacy in terms of gut health maintenance, structural, cellular, and immune intestinal status were evaluated by optical and electron microscopy and gene expression analyses. A semi-automated software was adapted to determine variations in goblet cell area and mucosal mucus coverage during the challenge test. Feeding with functional diets did not affect growth performance; however, PHYTO and GMOS dietary inclusion reduced European sea bass susceptibility to V. anguillarum after 7 days of challenge testing. Rectum (post-ileorectal valve) showed longer (p = 0.001) folds than posterior gut (pre-ileorectal valve), whereas posterior gut had thicker submucosa (p = 0.001) and higher mucus coverage as a result of an increased cell density than rectum. Functional diets did not affect mucosal fold length or the grade of granulocytes and lymphocytes infiltration in either intestinal segment. However, the posterior gut fold area covered by goblet cells was smaller in fish fed GMOS (F = 14.53; p = 0.001) and PHYTO (F = 5.52; p = 0.019) than for the other diets. PHYTO (F = 3.95; p = 0.049) reduced posterior gut goblet cell size and increased rodlet cell density (F = 3.604; p = 0.068). Dietary GMOS reduced submucosal thickness (F = 51.31; p = 0.001) and increased rodlet cell density (F = 3.604; p = 0.068) in rectum. Structural TEM analyses revealed a normal intestinal morphological pattern, but the use of GMOS increased rectum microvilli length, whereas the use of PHYTO increased (p≤0.10) Ocln, N-Cad and Cad-17 posterior gut gene expression. After bacterial intestinal inoculation, posterior gut of fish fed PHYTO responded in a more controlled and belated way in terms of goblet cell size and mucus coverage in comparison to other treatments. For rectum, the pattern of response was similar for all dietary treatments, however fish fed GMOS maintained goblet cell size along the challenge test.
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Zemheri-Navruz F, Acar Ü, Yılmaz S. Dietary supplementation of olive leaf extract increases haematological, serum biochemical parameters and immune related genes expression level in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) juveniles. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:672-676. [PMID: 30991150 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of dietary olive leaf (Olea europea L.) extract (OLE) on some blood parameters and immune (TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-8) related genes in different tissues (head kidney, liver and spleen) and resistance of common carp, Cyprinus carpio to Edwardsiella tarda. Five diets were prepared for fed fish (mean body weight 15.90 ± 0.93 g) with different rates of OLE (0.0%, 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.50% and 1.0%). A control diet was prepared non-supplemented with OLE. Increased haematocrit ratio, serum myeloperoxidase activity, immune response gene levels (IL-1β in head kidney tissue and TNF-α in spleen tissue) and survival rate against E. tarda particularly in the 0.1% OLE treatment group. In conclusion, results of the present study show that feeding common carp with a diet containing 1 g/kg OLE over a period of 60 days might be adequate to improve fish immune parameters, and survival rate against E. tarda. Therefore, OLE can be used as a dietary additive to prevent E. tarda in common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahriye Zemheri-Navruz
- Bartın University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bartın, Turkey
| | - Ümit Acar
- Department of Forestry, Bayramiç Vocational School, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey.
| | - Sevdan Yılmaz
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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A systematic literature review of fenugreek seed toxicity by using ToxRTool: evidence from preclinical and clinical studies. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01536. [PMID: 31049444 PMCID: PMC6482331 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seed extract is a bioactive ingredient of many food supplements. Hence, there is a need for systematic assessment of the quality of published toxicological studies for its use in human health, hazard consideration, and risk assessment. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the reliability of published toxicological studies of fenugreek seed by using ToxRTool (Toxicological data reliability assessment tool). A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CPCI-S, ICTRP, Ovid, and Google Scholar till October 2018. Each identified study was evaluated for its quality using the ToxRTool with outcomes such as combined score, weighted score, and reliability category by three independent raters. Correlations of various criteria groups with the combined score were evaluated by Pearson correlation and Kendall rank correlation coefficient. Inter-rater consistency was measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The database searches initially yielded 436 results, of which 391 (89.67%) studies were “not assignable”. The remaining 45 studies were included for quantitative analysis by ToxRTool. Based on the weighted score, 17 in-vivo, and 3 in-vitro studies were determined to be “Reliable Without Restriction” which were conducted according to international guidelines such as GLP. These studies have a significant difference (p < 0.05) for the combined and weighted score as compared to non-GLP studies. Remaining 28 in-vivo and 2 in-vitro studies were determined to be “Not Reliable.” The GLP studies conducted with “identified study material” have a significant difference (p < 0.0001) between combined and weighted score as compared to studies which used “non-identified study material”. For criteria group of ToxRTool I, III and V, the Pearson correlation with the combined score was found to be 0.875, 0.734 and 0.905, respectively and Kendall rank correlation coefficient was found to be 0.764, 0.551 and 0.752, respectively. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for combined score and weighted score were 0.920 and 0.887, respectively. In conclusion, the ToxRTool was found useful to identify seventeen toxicity studies of fenugreek seeds as “Reliable without Restrictions”. These studies showed a broad margin of safety for the standardized extract of fenugreek seeds and can form a basis for toxicological risk assessment with reasonable certainty.
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Bilen S, Sirtiyah AMA, Terzi E. Therapeutic effects of beard lichen, Usnea barbata extract against Lactococcus garvieae infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:401-409. [PMID: 30711494 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, therapeutic effects of aqueous methanolic extracts of beard lichen (Usnea barbata) against Lactococcus garvieae (ATCC 43921) in rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) were investigated. Six different experimental groups [0 mg/100 μL (Control), 4 mg/100 μL, 8 mg/100 μL, 12 mg/100 μL, 6 mg/100 μL florfenicol (positive control), 6 mg/100 μL erythromycin (positive control)] were set up to determine effects of lichen extract on immune responses and survival rate. In the study, superoxide radical production was increased in fish treated with 12 mg beard lichen extract, florfenicol and erythromycin compared to that of control (P < 0.05). Lysozyme activity was generally decreased (P < 0.05) or no differences were observed in all experimental groups compared to that of control (P > 0.05). Myeloperoxidase was significantly increased in all antibiotic treated groups. No differences were observed in liver histology of experimental groups compared to control. Cytokine gene expressions were elevated in all experimental groups compared to that of control (P < 0.05), except IL-1β expression at 10th day sampling time. Other immune related genes (IL-8, TGF- β, IL-12 Beta, TNFα1, IL-10, COX-2, IL-6, TLR5, C3, IGM, MHC-II, iNOS, IgT, IFN1, IFN2, IFN reg) were also elevated in all experimental groups compared to that of control group. The survival rates obtained in 4 mg beard lichen treated group, 8 mg beard lichen treated group and erythromycin treated group were 73.08, 65.38 and 80.77% respectively. Our results suggest that beard lichen methanolic extract could be an effective therapeutic agent to be used against L. garvieae infection in rainbow trout at the dose of 4 mg/17.41 ± 0.3 g body weight/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soner Bilen
- Kastamonu University, Faculty of Fisheries, Kastamonu, Turkey.
| | | | - Ertugrul Terzi
- Kastamonu University, Faculty of Fisheries, Kastamonu, Turkey
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Awad E, Austin D, Lyndon A, Awaad A. Possible effect of hala extract (Pandanus tectorius) on immune status, anti-tumour and resistance to Yersinia ruckeri infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:620-626. [PMID: 30753919 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The possible effect of dietary administration of hala extract (Pandanus tectorius) on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) immune status as well as its effect as an anti-tumour agent was studied. Fish were divided into 4 groups before feeding with commercial diet (0%, control; 0.5%, 1% and 2% of hala extract) for 2 weeks. The effect of diet on the humoral immune parameters, ie total protein, myeloperoxidase content, antiproteases, lysozyme and bactericidal activities were studied. Also, the effect of the diets on the expression of some immune-related genes in rainbow trout head-kidney (TNF, LYZ2, IL-8 and CD-4) as well as tumour suppressor gene (WT-1a) was investigated. At the end of the feeding trial fish groups were challenged with Yersinia ruckeri. The results demonstrated enhancement in all the immune parameters in fish fed hala extract diets compared to control fish especially with the highest dose (2%) which recorded the highest significant increase (p < 0.05) in some parameters (total protein, myeloperoxidase content, antiproteases, and bactericidal activities) compared to the control. The results obtained from challenge with Y. ruckeri revealed reduction in the mortalities in fish groups fed with 1% and 2% doses of hala extract. Feeding with hala extract provoked upregulation in all immune- related genes. Again, the highest dose of hala extract showed a significant upregulation in WT1a expression (p < 0.05). The current study suggest that the hala extract, especially the highest dose, could be considered a good food additive to improve the immune status, resist tumour formation and to resist or control infectious diseases of rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Awad
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Hydrobiology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Dawn Austin
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alastair Lyndon
- Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Amani Awaad
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Salman Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Rashidian G, Bahrami Gorji S, Farsani MN, Prokić MD, Faggio C. The oak (Quercus brantii) acorn as a growth promotor for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): growth performance, body composition, liver enzymes activity and blood biochemical parameters. Nat Prod Res 2018; 34:2413-2423. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1538994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Rashidian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Sara Bahrami Gorji
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Universiy of Gonbad Kavoos
| | - Mehdi Naderi Farsani
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Marko D. Prokić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, S. Agata, Messina, Italy
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25
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Abarike ED, Cai J, Lu Y, Yu H, Chen L, Jian J, Tang J, Jun L, Kuebutornye FKA. Effects of a commercial probiotic BS containing Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis on growth, immune response and disease resistance in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 82:229-238. [PMID: 30125705 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated a commercial probiotic designated as BS (a mix of B. subtilis and B. licheniformis) to ascertain its efficacy and the dose necessary to improve growth, immune response, and disease resistance in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Fish (53.01 ± 1.0 g) were fed with a basal diet supplemented with 0 g kg−1 (CT), 3 g kg−1(BS3), 5 g kg−1 (BS5), 7 g kg−1 (BS7), and 10 g kg−1 (BS10) [corrected] of the probiotic BS for 4 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, the weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ration were enhanced in all probiotic BS enriched groups but with better (P < 0.05) improvement in the BS10 group. The lysozyme, protease, anti-protease, superoxide dismutase activities, and immunoglobulin M level were significantly (P < 0.05) highest in the BS10 group in both serum and skin mucus. Enhanced (P > 0.05) catalse activity in all treated groups in the serum and myeloperoxidase activity in the B10 group in both serum and skin mucus were observed. The expression of C-lysozyme, heat shock protein 70, β-defensin, transforming growth factor beta, and small body size decapentaplegic homolog 3, genes in the mid-intestines and the head-kidney were up-regulated in all treated groups with the BS10 group provoking the highest up-regulation (P < 0.05). After challenge with Streptococcus agalactiae, cumulative mortality was 80 %, 47.5 %, 42.8 %, 30 %, and 20 % [corrected] for fish fed with CT, BS3, BS5, BS7, BS10 groups respectively. In conclusion, probiotic BS application at 10 g kg−1(BS10) [corrected] can be considered to improve growth and immunological status in tilapia farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Delwin Abarike
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Jia Cai
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yishan Lu
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Huang Yu
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Langye Animal Husbandry Company Limited, Gaozhou City, Guangdong province, China
| | - Jichang Jian
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Jufen Tang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
| | - Liang Jun
- Langye Animal Husbandry Company Limited, Gaozhou City, Guangdong province, China
| | - Felix K A Kuebutornye
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
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26
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Baba E, Acar Ü, Yılmaz S, Zemheri F, Ergün S. Dietary olive leaf (Olea europea L.) extract alters some immune gene expression levels and disease resistance to Yersinia ruckeri infection in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 79:28-33. [PMID: 29733961 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim for the present study was to investigate the effects of olive leaf (Olea europea L.) extract (OLE) on the control of Yersinia ruckeri infection in rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss) trout and to assess the impact on the expression of immune-related genes in the spleen and serum biochemical parameters of rainbow trout. Five experimental diets were prepared by adding 0.0%, 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.50% and 1.0% of OLE. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish (mean body weight 51.22 ± 3.04 g) twice a day (at 09:00 and 17:00 h) for 60 days. The dietary supplementation of OLE did not affect growth performance and feed utilization (P > 0.05). Major changes due to graded levels of OLE in the diets were observed in blood biochemical parameters (P < 0.05). TNFα, IL1-β and IL-8 gene expressions were significanlty up-regulated in OLE 0.1% group compared with others (P < 0.05). Also, diet supplemented with OLE reduced mortality in rainbow trout fed with OLE 0.1% added diet. Present study suggests that OLE especially at 0.1% added feed may effectivelly enhance the serum biochemical parameters, survival rate and immune gene expression in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Baba
- Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Aquaculture, 48000 Muğla, Turkey.
| | - Ümit Acar
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Bayramiç Vocational School, Department of Forestry, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Sevdan Yılmaz
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Marine Science and Technlogy Faculty, Department of Aquaculture, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Fahriye Zemheri
- Bartın University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Turkey
| | - Sebahattin Ergün
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Marine Science and Technlogy Faculty, Department of Aquaculture, Çanakkale, Turkey
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Guardiola FA, Bahi A, Jiménez-Monreal AM, Martínez-Tomé M, Murcia MA, Esteban MA. Dietary administration effects of fenugreek seeds on skin mucosal antioxidant and immunity status of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 75:357-364. [PMID: 29462748 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Improving fish defense through the preventive administration of immunostimulants has an important role in controlling the outbreak of the disease in aquaculture. As a continuity of our previous studies, this paper describes the effects of dietary fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seeds on the skin mucosal antioxidant status and immune response of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Fish were fed with four experimental diets: one a basal diet (control) and three diets with powdered fenugreek seeds incorporated in the fish feed at 1%, 5%, and 10%. After eight weeks of feeding, free radicals scavenging and antioxidant assays were assessed in skin mucus by measuring the peroxidation of phospholipid liposomes, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging, measurement of total antioxidant activity and the determination of antioxidant activity in a linoleic acid system. The skin mucosal immune response was evaluated by measuring the IgM levels and some enzymatic activities (peroxidase, antiprotease, protease, esterase, and ceruloplasmin). Our results demonstrated that fenugreek inclusion improved the hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity and conferred very high antioxidant activity. Besides, only the highest supplementation level (10%) was able to augment the peroxidase and protease activities confronted by a general decrement in the antiprotease activity in the experimental fed groups with 1% and 10%. These results suggest that the dietary administration of fenugreek at the higher inclusion dose enhances the skin mucosal immunity response and the antioxidant status of gilthead seabream a species with one of the highest rates of production in marine aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Guardiola
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal; Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - A Bahi
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A M Jiménez-Monreal
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; CIBEROBN (CB12/03/30038 Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Martínez-Tomé
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; CIBEROBN (CB12/03/30038 Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Murcia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; CIBEROBN (CB12/03/30038 Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Esteban
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Guardiola FA, Bahi A, Esteban MA. Effects of dietary administration of fenugreek seeds on metabolic parameters and immune status of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 74:372-379. [PMID: 29337247 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Medical plants could be used as a prophylactic method in aquaculture because they are considered safe and so very promising alternatives to the use of chemicals. The aim of the present work was to examine the effects of dietary fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seeds administered for 8 weeks on the metabolic and immune status of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Four experimental groups were designated: one receiving a basal diet (control) and three fed powdered fenugreek seeds incorporated in the fish feed at 1%, 5% and 10%. The results show that significant decreases in aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, potassium and the albumin/globulin ratio were detected in the serum of fish fed 10% fenugreek compared with the values recorded in control fish. As regards the immune status, fish fed the 5% supplemented diet had higher haemolytic complement and peroxidase activities than the control fish whilst antiprotease activity was higher in fish fed the 1% fenugreek level respect to control fish and the fish fed the highest fenugreek supplementation rate. Interestingly, the results also revealed a significant enhancement of most of the cellular immune parameters studied, especially in fish fed the highest level of fenugreek (10%). However, the bacteriostatic activity of serum against fish pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria was non-affected to any significant extent in fish fed the supplemented diets. Overall, the results suggest that the high level of dietary fenugreek tested in this work (10%) did not negatively affect any of the metabolic parameters measured in serum but increased some of them. In addition, the inclusion of fenugreek seeds in the gilthead seabream diet at 5% or 10% improved the humoral and cellular immune activities, respectively. Further studies are needed to better understand the effects of this natural product, which may be suitable for use as a feed additive in fish aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Guardiola
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal; Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - A Bahi
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - M A Esteban
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Sun Z, Tan X, Ye H, Zou C, Ye C, Wang A. Effects of dietary Panax notoginseng extract on growth performance, fish composition, immune responses, intestinal histology and immune related genes expression of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀) fed high lipid diets. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 73:234-244. [PMID: 29127028 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Growth, plasma biochemical parameters, fish composition, immune parameters, intestinal histology, and expressions of immune-related genes were examined in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀) that fed respectively six diets containing Panax notoginseng extract (PNE) at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 10 g kg-1 after 8 weeks. Results indicated that dietary PNE significantly improved growth, feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and protein deposit rate, and significantly increased crude protein and crude lipid levels of whole body and crude protein level of muscle. Dietary PNE significantly increased plasma total protein, alkaline phosphatase, immunoglobulin, complement 3 and complement 4 contents, but significantly decreased cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol contents. Furthermore, dietary PNE increased villus length and muscle thickness in foregut, midgut, and hindgut, activities of hepatic superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity, and increased the expression levels of immune related genes (IL-10, TGF-β1, TOR, MHC2 and TLR3) in the head kidney and the expression levels of antioxidant genes (CAT and GR) in fish that fed PNE at 0.5-4 g kg-1. In conclusion, grouper fed high lipid diets supplemented with PNE at 0.5-10 g kg-1 improved growth, feed utilization, blood immune parameters, hepatic antioxidant status, intestine morphology and expression levels of immune related genes in the head kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhu Sun
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Tan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Huaqun Ye
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Cuiyun Zou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Chaoxia Ye
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
| | - Anli Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
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Awad E, Awaad A. Role of medicinal plants on growth performance and immune status in fish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:40-54. [PMID: 28526570 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Disease outbreaks increase proportionally with increases in intensive aquaculture. Natural products including medicinal plants have been known from thousands of years for treating some human diseases. It is well known that many active compounds are responsible for potential bio-activities. For that reason, there has been considerable interest in the use of medicinal plants in aquaculture with a view to providing safe and eco-friendly compounds for replacing antibiotics and chemical compounds as well as to enhance immune status and control fish diseases. This article describes a wide range of medicinal plants such as herbs, seeds, and spices with different forms such as crude, extracts, mixed and active compounds, used as immunostimulants and resulting in a marked enhancement in the immune system of fish to prevent and control microbial diseases. Moreover, different activity was recorded from plant parts like seeds, roots, flowers and leaves. The mode of action of medicinal plants was stimulation of the cellular and humoral immune response which was monitored through elevation in immune parameters. Various levels of immune stimulation have been shown by medicinal plants at different concentrations through injection or immersion or oral administration. However, it is critically important to determine the optimal dose to enhance the immune system of fish and avoid the risk of immunosuppression. Some medicinal plants have been used to replace the protein in fishmeal as a cheap source of protein and proved to be efficient in this respect. Medicinal plants can act as a growth promoter and immunomodulator at the same time. Further investigations should be carried out to examine the influence of those plants on fish health (including physiological and histological parameters) as a preliminary step for use in large scale in aquaculture. The current review describes the role of medicinal plants and their derivatives on innate and adaptive immune status as well as growth performance in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Awad
- Department of Hydrobiology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amani Awaad
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Salman Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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Celik Altunoglu Y, Bilen S, Ulu F, Biswas G. Immune responses to methanolic extract of black cumin (Nigella sativa) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:103-109. [PMID: 28602677 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The immune stimulating effects of the methanolic extract of black cumin (Nigella sativa) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was evaluated. Variable concentrations of black cumin methanolic extract [0 (Control), 0.1 and 0.5 g kg-1 of feed] were individually added to the basal diet and rainbow trout was fed for 30 days to assess the innate immune responses and growth performance. Feed conversion ratio significantly decreased in the group fed with 0.5 g kg-1 black cumin extract. Respiratory burst activity was observed to be the highest in the 0.5 g kg-1 black cumin extract fed group. Lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activities were significantly increased in fish of experimental groups compared to control (P < 0.05). TGF-β gene expression increased in black cumin 0.5 g kg-1 treated group. IL-1β and TGF-β gene expressions decreased in black cumin 0.1 g kg-1 administered group. Expression of IL-12 gene diminished in both the experimental groups. There was no significant difference in survival rates between black cumin extract treated fish groups and control (P > 0.05) after challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. The results indicate that the methanolic extract of black cumin is a stimulator of some innate humoral immune responses, but it is ineffective for cytokine-related gene trancriptions in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Celik Altunoglu
- Kastamonu University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Soner Bilen
- Kastamonu University, Faculty of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Basic Sciences, Kastamonu, Turkey.
| | - Ferhat Ulu
- Kastamonu University, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Gouranga Biswas
- ICAR- Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Kakdwip Research Centre, Kakdwip, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal 743347, India
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Guardiola FA, Bahi A, Bakhrouf A, Esteban MA. Effects of dietary supplementation with fenugreek seeds, alone or in combination with probiotics, on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) skin mucosal immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 65:169-178. [PMID: 28433714 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing interest in modulating the immune response of fish, providing a combination of probiotics and herbal immunostimulants in aquafeed has rarely has been studied. The effects on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) of the dietary administration of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seeds alone (FE), or combined with one of the following probiotic strains: Bacillus licheniformis (FEBL), Lactobacillus plantarum (FELP) or Bacillus subtilis (FEBS) were evaluated. Fish were fed a control or one of the supplemented diets for 3 weeks. After 2 and 3 weeks of the feeding trial, the abundance of terminal carbohydrates, IgM levels, enzymatic activities (proteases, alkaline phosphatase, esterase and ceruloplasmin) and bactericidal activity were determined in skin mucus. Our results demonstrated that the dietary administration of FE in combination with L. plantarum, particularly, increased carbohydrate abundance, the activity of certain enzymes such as ceruloplasmin, and bactericidal activity against the pathogenic bacterium Photobacterium damselae and the non-pathogenic bacterium B. subtilis in skin mucus at the end of the trial. The carbohydrates most affected by the FELP diet were mannose/glucose, N-acetyl-d-galactosamine and N-acetyl-β-d-glucosamine. Interestingly, IgM levels were significantly higher in fish fed the FELP and FEBS diets whilst protease activity generally increased in all supplemented diets, which could suggests that the main effect in this activity was to the result of FE supplementation although that fact cannot be confirmed because the effects of probiotics addition alone were not studied. These results suggest that the combined dietary administration of fenugreek and L. plantarum will best enhance the skin mucosal immunity response of gilthead seabream.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Guardiola
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; Fish Nutrition & Immunobiology Group, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Bahi
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - A Bakhrouf
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - M A Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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García Beltrán JM, Espinosa C, Guardiola FA, Esteban MÁ. Dietary dehydrated lemon peel improves the immune but not the antioxidant status of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 64:426-436. [PMID: 28359944 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lemon (Citrus limon) is the third most important species of citrus in the world, while Spain is the major producer in Europe. Numerous beneficial effects of lemon are known, which explains their use in traditional medicine. The paper describes the effect of dietary dehydrated lemon peel (a sub-product of the lemon industry) on the growth, immune and antioxidant status of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) over a period of 30 days. Fish fed diets enriched with dehydrated lemon peel (1.5% and 3%) for 15 days showed improved growth and both humoral (seric immunoglobulin M) and cellular (peroxidase activity and phagocytic ability of head kidney leucocytes) immunity, as well as the expression of some immune-related genes (nkefa, il1β, igth and csfr1). However, decreases growth promotion was observed after thirty days of trial. Neither the anti-oxidant enzymes activity nor the expression of several anti-oxidants and anti-stress genes in liver was improved by the diet. The possible inclusion of dehydrated lemon peel in fish diets for its immunostimulant effects is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María García Beltrán
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Espinosa
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A Guardiola
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; Fish Nutrition & Immunobiology Group, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Guardiola FA, Bahi A, Messina CM, Mahdhi A, Santulli A, Arena R, Bakhrouf A, Esteban MA. Quality and antioxidant response of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) to dietary supplements of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) alone or combined with probiotic strains. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 63:277-284. [PMID: 28232283 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the potential effect of the dietary intake of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seeds alone or in combination with Bacillus licheniformis, Lactobacillus plantarum or B. subtilis on gilthead seabream quality and antioxidant response after 2 and 3 weeks of experimental feeding. The results showed that the supplements did not affect the percentage of the fatty acid profiles of muscle, demonstrating that all the additives tested can be administrated without any negative effect on biochemical composition and quality of gilthead seabream. The quantification of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in muscle demonstrated the significant beneficial effect of the experimental diets compared with the control one. Besides, an increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase in liver was recorded after 3 weeks of administration of experimental diets. Furthermore, real time qPCR revealed that dietary supplementation with FEBS significantly enhances the expression of scavenging enzymes, such as cat and gr genes in the liver after 3 weeks. The findings suggest that the administration of fenugreek supplement alone or combined with probiotic strains could be considered as a good source of natural antioxidants and as a functional aquafeed ingredient for gilthead seabream.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Guardiola
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Fish Nutrition & Immunobiology Group, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Bahi
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - C M Messina
- University of Palermo, Department of Earth and Sea Science, Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, (Trapani), Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Italy
| | - A Mahdhi
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - A Santulli
- University of Palermo, Department of Earth and Sea Science, Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, (Trapani), Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Italy
| | - R Arena
- University of Palermo, Department of Earth and Sea Science, Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, (Trapani), Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Italy
| | - A Bakhrouf
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - M A Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Bahi A, Guardiola FA, Messina C, Mahdhi A, Cerezuela R, Santulli A, Bakhrouf A, Esteban MA. Effects of dietary administration of fenugreek seeds, alone or in combination with probiotics, on growth performance parameters, humoral immune response and gene expression of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 60:50-58. [PMID: 27856325 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of immunostimulants is considered a promising preventive practice that may help to maintain animal welfare and a healthy environment, while increasing production and providing higher profits. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) of the dietary administration of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seeds, alone or combined with one of the following probiotic strains: Bacillus licheniformis (TSB27), Lactobacillus plantarum or Bacillus subtilis (B46). Gilthead seabream were fed a control or one of the supplemented diets for 3 weeks. The effects of these supplemented diets on growth performance parameters and the humoral immune response (natural haemolytic complement, peroxidase, total IgM levels, proteases and antiproteases activities) were evaluated after 2 and 3 weeks of feeding. Simultaneously, the expression levels of some immune-relevant genes (igm, tcr-β, csfr1 and bd) were measured in the head-kidney. Interestingly, all probiotic supplemented diets increased seabream growth rates, especially the B. licheniformis supplemented diet. Generally, humoral immune parameters were enhanced by the dietary supplementation at the different time points measured. The results showed a significant increases in the immune parameters, principally in fish fed only fenugreek or fenugreek combined with B. subtilis. Furthermore, real time qPCR revealed that dietary supplementation significantly enhances the expression of immune-associated genes in the head-kidney, particularly igm gene expression. These results suggest that fenugreek alone or combined with one of the probiotic strains mentioned enhances the immune response of gilthead seabream, a species with one of the highest rates of production in marine aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bahi
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - F A Guardiola
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - C Messina
- Marine Biology Laboratory, Department of "Scienze della Terra e del Mare" DiSTeM, Marine Biology Institute (Trapani), University of Palermo, Via Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy
| | - A Mahdhi
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - R Cerezuela
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A Santulli
- Marine Biology Laboratory, Department of "Scienze della Terra e del Mare" DiSTeM, Marine Biology Institute (Trapani), University of Palermo, Via Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy
| | - A Bakhrouf
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - M A Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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