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Han P, Tang J, Xu X, Meng P, Wu K, Sun B, Song X. Identification of the grass carp interleukin-23 receptor and its proinflammatory role in intestinal inflammation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130946. [PMID: 38521334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The interleukin 23 receptor (IL-23R) is associated with a variety of inflammatory diseases in humans and other mammals. However, whether IL-23R is involved in inflammatory diseases in teleost fish is less understood. Thus, to investigate the potential involvement of IL-23R in fish inflammatory diseases, the full-length cDNA of IL-23R from grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella was cloned and used to generate a recombinant protein (rgcIL-23R) containing the extracellular domain of IL-23R, against which a polyclonal antibody (rgcIL-23R pAb) was then developed. qPCR analysis revealed that IL-23R mRNA was significantly upregulated in most grass carp tissues in response to infection with Gram-negative Aeromonas hydrophila. Treatment with rgcIL-23R significantly induced IL-17A/F1 expression in C. idella kidney (CIK) cells. By contrast, knockdown of IL-23R caused significant decreases in IL-23R, STAT3, and IL-17N expression in CIK cells after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Similarly, rgcIL-23R pAb treatment effectively inhibited the LPS-induced increase in the expression of IL-23 subunit genes and those of the IL-23/IL-17 pathway in CIK cells. Furthermore, intestinal symptoms identical to those caused by A. hydrophila were induced by anal intubation with rgcIL-23R, but suppressed by rgcIL-23R pAb. Therefore, these results suggest that IL-23R has a crucial role in the regulation of intestinal inflammation and, thus, is a promising target for controlling inflammatory diseases in farmed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Han
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Tang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xufang Xu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pengkun Meng
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kang Wu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bingyao Sun
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xuehong Song
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
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2
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Pulkkinen K, Taskinen J. Nutrient enrichment increases virulence in an opportunistic environmental pathogen, with greater effect at low bacterial doses. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae013. [PMID: 38305097 PMCID: PMC10959552 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems is associated with an increased risk of pathogen infection via increased pathogen growth and host exposure via increased pathogen doses. Here, we studied the effect of nutrients on the virulence of an opportunistic bacterial pathogen of fish, Flavobacterium columnare, in challenge experiments with rainbow trout fingerlings. We hypothesized that removing all nutrients by washing the bacteria would reduce virulence as compared to unwashed bacteria, but adding nutrients to the tank water would increase the virulence of the bacterium. Nutrient addition and increase in bacterial dose increased virulence for both unwashed and washed bacteria. For unwashed bacteria, the addition of nutrients reduced the survival probability of fish challenged with low bacterial doses more than for fish challenged with higher bacterial doses, suggesting activation of bacterial virulence factors. Washing and centrifugation reduced viable bacterial counts, and the addition of washed bacteria alone did not lead to fish mortality. However, a small addition of nutrient medium, 0.05% of the total water volume, added separately to the fish container, restored the virulence of the washed bacteria. Our results show that human-induced eutrophication could trigger epidemics of aquatic pathogens at the limits of their survival and affect their ecology and evolution by altering the dynamics between strains that differ in their growth characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Pulkkinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35 (Survontie 9), University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jouni Taskinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35 (Survontie 9), University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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3
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Xv Z, Chen S, Song G, Hu H, Lin S, Long Y. Biochemical, histological and transcriptomic analyses for the immunological organs provide insights into heat stress-induced disease susceptibility in Largemouth Bass. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168758. [PMID: 38008328 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture of Largemouth Bass (LMB, Micropterus salmoides), an economically important species, is badly affected by the outbreak of bacterial diseases in summer. However, the mechanisms underlying heat-induced disease susceptibility remain largely unknown. In this study, after exposure to 34 °C for 1, 7 and 14 d, the head kidney, spleen and blood of LMB were sampled for biochemical and histological assays to explore the effects of heat exposure on the oxidative and immunological indices. Compared to the controls maintained at 28 °C, chronic heat exposure (34 °C for 14 d) induced oxidative stress, caused cell apoptosis and decreased expression of the immunological genes in the head kidney and spleen tissues; and attenuated the blood immunological indices. Consistent with the impaired immunological functions, chronic heat exposure predisposed LMB to Aeromonas hydrophila infection and significantly (p < 0.001) increased tissue bacterial load. Furthermore, the effects of chronic heat exposure (heat), A. hydrophila infection (infection) and heat exposure followed by A. hydrophila infection (heat + infection) on gene expression in the head kidney and spleen of LMB were characterized by RNA sequencing. The results indicated that chronic heat exposure facilitated the bacteria-elicited changes in expression of the genes involved in a couple of metabolic and signaling pathways in both tissues. Upon heat + infection, the pathways involved in energy production and nutrients biosynthesis were enhanced, whereas those associated with the host cell functions such as cell-cell interactions and cell signaling were depressed. Our data provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying heat-induced disease susceptibility in LMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Xv
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shaoxiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Guili Song
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Han Hu
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shimei Lin
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yong Long
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Ashikur Rahman M, Akter S, Ashrafudoulla M, Anamul Hasan Chowdhury M, Uddin Mahamud AGMS, Hong Park S, Ha SD. Insights into the mechanisms and key factors influencing biofilm formation by Aeromonas hydrophila in the food industry: A comprehensive review and bibliometric analysis. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113671. [PMID: 38129021 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation by Aeromonas hydrophila in the food industry poses significant challenges to food safety and quality. Therefore, this comprehensive review aimed to provide insights into the mechanisms and key factors influencing A. hydrophila biofilm formation. It explores the molecular processes involved in initial attachment, microcolony formation, and biofilm maturation; moreover, it concurrently examines the impact of intrinsic factors, including quorum sensing, cyclic-di-GMP, the efflux pump, and antibiotic resistance, as well as environmental conditions, such as temperature, nutrient availability, and osmotic pressure, on biofilm architecture and resilience. Furthermore, the article highlights the potential of bibliometric analysis as a promising method for conceptualizing the research landscape of and identifying knowledge gaps in A. hydrophila biofilm research. The findings underscore the requirement for focused interventions that prevent biofilm development and raise food sector safety. The consolidation of current information and incorporation of bibliometric analysis enhances existing understanding of A. hydrophila biofilm formation and offers insights for future research and control strategies within a food industry context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashikur Rahman
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Republic of Korea; Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Bangladesh
| | - Shirin Akter
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Republic of Korea; Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashrafudoulla
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Si Hong Park
- Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Elgendy MY, Ali SE, Abbas WT, Algammal AM, Abdelsalam M. The role of marine pollution on the emergence of fish bacterial diseases. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140366. [PMID: 37806325 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Marine pollution and bacterial disease outbreaks are two closely related dilemmas that impact marine fish production from fisheries and mariculture. Oil, heavy metals, agrochemicals, sewage, medical wastes, plastics, algal blooms, atmospheric pollutants, mariculture-related pollutants, as well as thermal and noise pollution are the most threatening marine pollutants. The release of these pollutants into the marine aquatic environment leads to significant ecological degradation and a range of non-infectious disorders in fish. Marine pollutants trigger numerous fish bacterial diseases by increasing microbial multiplication in the aquatic environment and suppressing fish immune defense mechanisms. The greater part of these microorganisms is naturally occurring in the aquatic environment. Most disease outbreaks are caused by opportunistic bacterial agents that attack stressed fish. Some infections are more serious and occur in the absence of environmental stressors. Gram-negative bacteria are the most frequent causes of these epizootics, while gram-positive bacterial agents rank second on the critical pathogens list. Vibrio spp., Photobacterium damselae subsp. Piscicida, Tenacibaculum maritimum, Edwardsiella spp., Streptococcus spp., Renibacterium salmoninarum, Pseudomonas spp., Aeromonas spp., and Mycobacterium spp. Are the most dangerous pathogens that attack fish in polluted marine aquatic environments. Effective management strategies and stringent regulations are required to prevent or mitigate the impacts of marine pollutants on aquatic animal health. This review will increase stakeholder awareness about marine pollutants and their impacts on aquatic animal health. It will support competent authorities in developing effective management strategies to mitigate marine pollution, promote the sustainability of commercial marine fisheries, and protect aquatic animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdouh Y Elgendy
- Department of Hydrobiology, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa E Ali
- Department of Hydrobiology, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt; WorldFish, Abbassa, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Wafaa T Abbas
- Department of Hydrobiology, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Abdelazeem M Algammal
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelsalam
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
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6
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Okon EM, Okocha RC, Taiwo AB, Michael FB, Bolanle AM. Dynamics of co-infection in fish: A review of pathogen-host interaction and clinical outcome. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 4:100096. [PMID: 37250211 PMCID: PMC10213192 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2023.100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Co-infections can affect the transmission of a pathogen within a population and the pathogen's virulence, ultimately affecting the disease's dynamics. In addition, co-infections can potentially affect the host's immunological responses, clinical outcomes, survival, and disease control efficacy. Co-infections significantly impact fish production and can change several fish diseases' progression and severity. However, the effect of co-infection has only recently garnered limited attention in aquatic animals such as fish, and there is currently a dearth of studies on this topic. This study, therefore, presents an in-depth summary of the dynamics of co-infection in fish. This study reviewed the co-infection of fish pathogens, the interaction of pathogens and fish, clinical outcomes and impacts on fish immune responses, and fish survival. Most studies described the prevalence of co-infections in fish, with various parameters influencing their outcomes. Bacterial co-infection increased fish mortality, ulcerative dermatitis, and intestinal haemorrhage. Viral co-infection resulted in osmoregulatory effects, increased mortality and cytopathic effect (CPE). More severe histological alterations and clinical symptoms were related to the co-infection of fish than in single-infected fish. In parasitic co-infection, there was increased mortality, high kidney swelling index, and severe necrotic alterations in the kidney, liver, and spleen. In other cases, there were more severe kidney lesions, cartilage destruction and displacement. There was a dearth of information on mitigating co-infections in fish. Therefore, further studies on the mitigation strategies of co-infections in fish will provide valuable insights into this research area. Also, more research on the immunology of co-infection specific to each fish pathogen class (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites) is imperative. The findings from such studies would provide valuable information on the relationship between fish immune systems and targeted responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reuben Chukwuka Okocha
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001 Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
- Climate Action Research Group, Landmark University SDG 13, Nigeria
| | | | - Falana Babatunde Michael
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001 Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
- Life Below Water Research Group, Landmark University SDG 14, Nigeria
| | - Adeniran Moji Bolanle
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, Landmark University, P.M.B. 1001 Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
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7
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Ali S, Shah SAUR, Rauf M, Hassan M, Ullah W, Dawar FU. Bactericidal role of epidermal mucus of freshwater fish treated with Aeromonas hydrophila. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:1225-1237. [PMID: 37501533 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the bactericidal role of the epidermal mucus (EM) of five freshwater Cyprinid fish species namely Ctenopharyngodon idella, Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, and Cirrhinus mrigala after treatment with Aeromonas hydrophila. Extracts of EM (crude and acidic) of each species showed bactericidal activity against various Gram -ve (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Salmonella enterica, Klebsiella pneumonia, Serratia marcescens, and Enterobacter cloacae) and Gram +ve (Bacillus wiedmannii and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria compared with standard antibiotics (Fosfomycin). The zone of inhibition (ZOI) was measured in millimetres against antibiotics (Fosfomycin). Variations in bactericidal activity of EM were observed against bacteria from the same and different fish species. The acidic extract was more effective than the crude extract and showed significantly higher ZOI values against various bacteria and Fosfomycin antibiotics. This result shows that fish EM may perform an important role in fish defence against bacteria. Therefore, this study may hint towards the substitution of synthetic antibiotics with fish EM that may be used as a novel 'bactericidal' in aquaculture as well as in humans against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shandana Ali
- Laboratory of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ata Ur Rahman Shah
- Laboratory of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rauf
- Laboratory of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Maizom Hassan
- Institute of System Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Waheed Ullah
- Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Farman Ullah Dawar
- Laboratory of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
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8
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Zha H, Zhang H, Zhong J, Zhao L, Liu Y, Zhu Q. Pathogenic bacteria defense and complement activation function analysis of Collectin-10 from Hexagrammos otakii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:108972. [PMID: 37488038 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
With the tremendous success of the artificial breeding of Hexagrammos otakii, the yield has been substantially improved. However, intensive farming often results in bacterial diseases; hence it is imperative to find new antimicrobial molecules. In the present study, we identified a homologous cDNA fragment of collectin-10 from H. otakii, designated as HoCL-10. The cDNA length is 899 bp, which contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 816 bp encoding a secreted protein with 272 amino acid residues. The peptide of HoCL-10 contains an N-terminal collagen domain, a neck region, and a C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain. The qRT-PCR results revealed that HoCL-10 mRNA was highest expressed in the liver and skin and was significantly induced post-LPS stimulation. The sugar and bacteria binding assay suggested that the recombinant HoCL-10 (rHoCL-10) could recognize various pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and bacteria. For effect on cells, rHoCL-10 enhanced the phagocytosis and migration ability of the macrophage indicated using pro-phagocytosis assay and trans-well assay. To determine the role of HoCL-10 in the complement system, the interaction between HoCL-10 and mannose-binding lectin associated serine protease 1, 2 (MASP-1, 2) were analyzed and demonstrated using ELISA and Far-western. And in vivo, the concentration of membrane-attack complex (MAC) in fish plasma was significantly down-regulated post-injection with HoCL-10 antibody. Finally, the bacteria challenge experiment was performed, implying that HoCL-10 may assist the host in defending against microbial invasion. The findings suggest that HoCL-10 may play crucial roles in host defense against microorganisms, possibly through opsonizing pathogens and activating the complement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Zha
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Jinmiao Zhong
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, China.
| | - Qian Zhu
- Marine College, Shandong University (Weihai), Weihai, 264209, China.
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Xu W, Lv Z, Guo Q, Deng Z, Yang C, Cao Z, Li Y, Huang C, Wu Z, Chen S, He Y, Sun J, Liu Y, Gan L. Selective Antagonism of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici against Vibrio and Aeromonas in the Bacterial Community of Artemia nauplii. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0053323. [PMID: 37428079 PMCID: PMC10434253 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00533-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Empiric probiotics are commonly consumed by healthy individuals as a means of disease prevention, pathogen control, etc. However, controversy has existed for a long time regarding the safety and benefits of probiotics. Here, two candidate probiotics, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici, which are antagonistic to Vibrio and Aeromonas species in vitro, were tested on Artemia under in vivo conditions. In the bacterial community of Artemia nauplii, L. plantarum reduced the abundance of the genera Vibrio and Aeromonas and P. acidilactici significantly increased the abundance of Vibrio species in a positive dosage-dependent manner, while higher and lower dosages of P. acidilactici increased and decreased the abundance of the genus Aeromonas, respectively. Based on the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of the metabolite of L. plantarum and P. acidilactici, pyruvic acid was used in an in vitro test to explain such selective antagonism; the results showed that pyruvic acid was conducive or suppressive to V. parahaemolyticus and beneficial to A. hydrophila. Collectively, the results of this study demonstrate the selective antagonism of probiotics on the bacterial community composition of aquatic organisms and the associated pathogens. IMPORTANCE Over the last decade, the common preventive method for controlling potential pathogens in aquaculture has been the use of probiotics. However, the mechanisms of probiotics are complicated and mostly undefined. At present, less attention has been paid to the potential risks of probiotic use in aquaculture. Here, we investigated the effects of two candidate probiotics, L. plantarum and P. acidilactici, on the bacterial community of Artemia nauplii and the in vitro interactions between these two candidate probiotics and two pathogens, Vibrio and Aeromonas species. The results demonstrated the selective antagonism of probiotics on the bacterial community composition of an aquatic organism and its associated pathogens. This research contributes to providing a basis and reference for the long-term rational use of probiotics and to reducing the inappropriate use of probiotics in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Xu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Linnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaolin Lv
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Linnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingqi Guo
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Linnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaojie Deng
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Linnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Canmin Yang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Linnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaozhao Cao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Linnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Linnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuifen Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Linnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zizhan Wu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Linnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijun Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Linnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhui He
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Linnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jijia Sun
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Linnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiying Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Linnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian Gan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Linnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Khalil SMI, Bulfon C, Galeotti M, Acutis PL, Altinok I, Kotzamanidis C, Vela AI, Fariano L, Prearo M, Colussi S, Volpatti D. Immune profiling of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to Lactococcus garvieae: Evidence in asymptomatic versus symptomatic or vaccinated fish. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:731-741. [PMID: 36943008 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lactococcosis, caused by the Gram-positive bacterium Lactococcus garvieae, is a major concern in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farms, which are regularly affected by outbreaks especially during the summer/fall months. In these farms, unvaccinated healthy and symptomatic fish can coexist with vaccinated fish. In the present study, innate (leukogram, serum lysozyme activity, peroxidase activity, antiprotease activity, bactericidal activity, total IgM and total proteins), and specific immune parameters (serum antibodies to L. garvieae) were assessed in unvaccinated adult rainbow trout naturally exposed to the pathogen, with or without evidence of clinical signs, or subjected to vaccination. Blood was drawn from all three groups, and blood smears were prepared. Bacteria were found in the blood smears of 70% of the symptomatic fish but not in any of the asymptomatic fish. Symptomatic fish showed lower blood lymphocytes and higher thrombocytes than asymptomatic fish (p ≤ .05). Serum lysozyme and bactericidal activity did not vary substantially among groups; however, serum antiprotease and peroxidase activity were significantly lower in the unvaccinated symptomatic group than in the unvaccinated and vaccinated asymptomatic groups (p ≤ .05). Serum total proteins and total immunoglobulin (IgM) levels in vaccinated asymptomatic rainbow trout were significantly higher than in unvaccinated asymptomatic and symptomatic groups (p ≤ .05). Similarly, vaccinated asymptomatic fish produced more specific IgM against L. garvieae than unvaccinated asymptomatic and symptomatic fish (p ≤ .05). This preliminary study provides basic knowledge on the immunological relationship occurring between the rainbow trout and L. garvieae, potentially predicting health outcomes. The approach we proposed could facilitate infield diagnostics, and several non-specific immunological markers could serve as reliable indicators of the trout's innate ability to fight infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarker Mohammed Ibrahim Khalil
- Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Department of Fish Health Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Chiara Bulfon
- Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Marco Galeotti
- Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Ilhan Altinok
- Aquatic Animal Health and Molecular Genetic Lab, Department of Fisheries Technology Engineering, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | | | | | | | - Marino Prearo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Colussi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Donatella Volpatti
- Section of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences (DI4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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11
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Yu H, Rhee MS. Characterization of ready-to-eat fish surface as a potential source of contamination of Vibrio parahaemolyticus biofilms. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112890. [PMID: 37254339 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide consumption of ready-to-eat seafood products has steadily increased due to a range of health benefits. However, depending on the handling or cutting process of raw fish, ready-to-eat sashimi can be exposed to microbiological risks that can lead to foodborne infection by marine pathogens. Since surface characteristics are key factors for microbial adhesion and biofilm formation, the present study aims to determine the correlation between raw fish skin properties and Vibrio parahaemolyticus biofilm formation. We analyzed V. parahaemolyticus biofilms (ATCC 17802; initially inoculated ca. 2 or 4 log CFU/cm2) on fish skin (gizzard shad, pomfret, red snapper, and mackerel; fish species served as sashimi without peeling the skin) formed under simulated marine environments (incubating in artificial seawater with rocking motion at 30 °C, the maximum temperature of seasonal seawater) for 24 h. The characteristics of fish skin were determined using confocal laser scanning microscopy/scanning electron microscopy. V. parahaemolyticus showed higher biofilm counts on fish skins than on stainless steel, which was used as a control (P < 0.05). In particular, V. parahaemolyticus formed biofilms with significantly higher levels of bacterial populations on gizzard shad and pomfret (ca. 5 log CFU/cm2; P < 0.05), highlighting the relationship between the biofilm formation level and the characteristics of gizzard shad and pomfret skins. The surface roughness of fish skins, including the main roughness parameters (Ra, Rq, and Rz), influenced the attachment of V. parahaemolyticus (P < 0.05). Additionally, images of V. parahaemolyticus biofilms suggested that different topographical profiles of fish species (e.g., mucus, unique structural features, etc.) could cause V. parahaemolyticus to exhibit different biofilm phenotypes, such as sticking to or entangling on the fish skin surface. The major findings of this study provide various phenotypic adhesions of V. parahaemolyticus to fish skin in considerations of the potential hazard for the consumption of ready-to-eat sashimi served with its skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hary Yu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Min Suk Rhee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea.
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12
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Irshath AA, Rajan AP, Vimal S, Prabhakaran VS, Ganesan R. Bacterial Pathogenesis in Various Fish Diseases: Recent Advances and Specific Challenges in Vaccine Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020470. [PMID: 36851346 PMCID: PMC9968037 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is a fast-growing food sector but is plagued by a plethora of bacterial pathogens that infect fish. The rearing of fish at high population densities in aquaculture facilities makes them highly susceptible to disease outbreaks, which can cause significant economic loss. Thus, immunity development in fish through vaccination against various pathogens of economically important aquaculture species has been extensively studied and has been largely accepted as a reliable method for preventing infections. Vaccination studies in aquaculture systems are strategically associated with the economically and environmentally sustainable management of aquaculture production worldwide. Historically, most licensed fish vaccines have been developed as inactivated pathogens combined with adjuvants and provided via immersion or injection. In comparison, live vaccines can simulate a whole pathogenic illness and elicit a strong immune response, making them better suited for oral or immersion-based therapy methods to control diseases. Advanced approaches in vaccine development involve targeting specific pathogenic components, including the use of recombinant genes and proteins. Vaccines produced using these techniques, some of which are currently commercially available, appear to elicit and promote higher levels of immunity than conventional fish vaccines. These technological advancements are promising for developing sustainable production processes for commercially important aquatic species. In this review, we explore the multitude of studies on fish bacterial pathogens undertaken in the last decade as well as the recent advances in vaccine development for aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadil Ahmed Irshath
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anand Prem Rajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (A.P.R.); (R.G.)
| | - Sugumar Vimal
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 600 077, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vasantha-Srinivasan Prabhakaran
- Department of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600 077, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (A.P.R.); (R.G.)
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13
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Abdulhakeem MA, Alreshidi M, Bardakci F, Hamadou WS, De Feo V, Noumi E, Snoussi M. Molecular Identification of Bacteria Isolated from Marketed Sparus aurata and Penaeus indicus Sea Products: Antibiotic Resistance Profiling and Evaluation of Biofilm Formation. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020548. [PMID: 36836905 PMCID: PMC9963372 DOI: 10.3390/life13020548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marketed fish and shellfish are a source of multidrug-resistant and biofilm-forming foodborne pathogenic microorganisms. METHODS Bacteria isolated from Sparus aurata and Penaeus indicus collected from a local market in Hail region (Saudi Arabia) were isolated on selective and chromogenic media and identified by using 16S RNA sequencing technique. The exoenzyme production and the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of all identified bacteria were also tested. All identified bacteria were tested for their ability to form biofilm by using both qualitative and quantitative assays. RESULTS Using 16S RNA sequencing method, eight genera were identified dominated by Vibrio (42.85%), Aeromonas (23.80%), and Photobacterium (9.52%). The dominant species were V. natrigens (23.8%) and A. veronii (23.80%). All the identified strains were able to produce several exoenzymes (amylases, gelatinase, haemolysins, lecithinase, DNase, lipase, and caseinase). All tested bacteria were multidrug-resistant with a high value of the multiple antibiotic index (MARI). The antibiotic resistance index (ARI) was about 0.542 for Vibrio spp. and 0.553 for Aeromonas spp. On Congo red agar, six morphotypes were obtained, and 33.33% were slime-positive bacteria. Almost all tested microorganisms were able to form a biofilm on glass tube. Using the crystal violet technique, the tested bacteria were able to form a biofilm on glass, plastic, and polystyrene abiotic surfaces with different magnitude. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that marketed S. aurata and P. indicus harbor various bacteria with human interest that are able to produce several related-virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Abdulhakeem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa Alreshidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (E.N.)
| | - Fevzi Bardakci
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid Sabri Hamadou
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Emira Noumi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-Resources (LR11ES41), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, BP74, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (E.N.)
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-Resources (LR11ES41), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, BP74, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
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14
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Gao Y, Chen H, Li W, Zhang Y, Luo J, Zhao L, Shi F, Ye G, He X, Xu Z, Zhu L, Tang H, Li Y. Chloroform extracts of Atractylodes chinensis inhibit the adhesion and invasion of Salmonella typhimurium. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113633. [PMID: 36063647 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are 27 million cases of Salmonella Typhimurium (STM) reported worldwide annually, which have resulted in 217,000 deaths to date. Thus, there is an urgent requirement to develop novel antibacterial agents to target the multidrug-resistant strains of STM. We evaluated the inhibitory effect of the chloroform extracts of Atractylodes chinensis (Ac-CE) on the virulence of STM in vitro and develop it as a potential antibacterial agent. First, we determined the in vitro effects of Ac-CE on STM biofilm formation, and swimming, swarming, and adhesion to mucin. Further, we evaluated the effect of Ac-CE on the adhesion and invasion of STM at the gene level. Lastly, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of Ac-CE on STM infectivity at the cellular level. Ac-CE could attenuate both the adhesion and invasion abilities of STM in vitro. At the gene level, it could inhibit the expression of flagella, pilus, biofilm, SPI-1, and SPI-2 genes, which are related to the adhesion and invasion ability of STM in cells. Ac-CE significantly downregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines and the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in an STM infection cell model. It also significantly recovered the expression of intestinal barrier-related genes and proteins in intestinal cells that are damaged during STM infection. Ac-CE is effective as an antivirulence agent in alleviating STM infection. Although the main components of Ac-CE were analyzed.We have not demonstrated the antivirulence effect of the active ingredients in Ac-CE. And the antivirulence effect of Ac-CE and its active ingredients warrant further in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanze Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Helin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Li
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Luo
- National Ethnic Affairs Commission Key Open Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Tongren Polytechnic College, Tongren 554300, Guizhou, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoli He
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Huaqiao Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yinglun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
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15
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Host–Pathogen Interactions of Marine Gram-Positive Bacteria. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091316. [PMID: 36138795 PMCID: PMC9495620 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Complex interactions between marine Gram-positive pathogens and fish hosts in the marine environment can result in diseases of economically important finfish, which cause economic losses in the aquaculture industry. Understanding how these pathogens interact with the fish host and generate disease will contribute to efficient prophylactic measures and treatments. To our knowledge, there are no systematic reviews on marine Gram-positive pathogens. Therefore, here we reviewed the host–pathogen interactions of marine Gram-positive pathogens from the pathogen-centric and host-centric points of view. Abstract Marine Gram-positive bacterial pathogens, including Renibacterium salmoninarum, Mycobacterium marinum, Nocardia seriolae, Lactococcus garvieae, and Streptococcus spp. cause economic losses in marine fish aquaculture worldwide. Comprehensive information on these pathogens and their dynamic interactions with their respective fish–host systems are critical to developing effective prophylactic measures and treatments. While much is known about bacterial virulence and fish immune response, it is necessary to synthesize the knowledge in terms of host–pathogen interactions as a centerpiece to establish a crucial connection between the intricate details of marine Gram-positive pathogens and their fish hosts. Therefore, this review provides a holistic view and discusses the different stages of the host–pathogen interactions of marine Gram-positive pathogens. Gram-positive pathogens can invade fish tissues, evade the fish defenses, proliferate in the host system, and modulate the fish immune response. Marine Gram-positive pathogens have a unique set of virulence factors that facilitate adhesion (e.g., adhesins, hemagglutination activity, sortase, and capsules), invasion (e.g., toxins, hemolysins/cytolysins, the type VII secretion system, and immune-suppressive proteins), evasion (e.g., free radical quenching, actin-based motility, and the inhibition of phagolysosomal fusion), and proliferation and survival (e.g., heme utilization and siderophore-mediated iron acquisition systems) in the fish host. After infection, the fish host initiates specific innate and adaptive immune responses according to the extracellular or intracellular mechanism of infection. Although efforts have continued to be made in understanding the complex interplay at the host–pathogen interface, integrated omics-based investigations targeting host–pathogen–marine environment interactions hold promise for future research.
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16
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Liu J, Zhang S, Pei H, Fan T, Liu B, Yan J, Lin X. Klebsiella pneumoniae activates the TGF-β signaling pathway to adhere to and invade intestinal epithelial cells via enhancing TLL1 expression. Int J Med Microbiol 2022; 312:151561. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2022.151561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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17
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Qi X, Xu X, Li H, Pan Y, Katharine Kraco E, Zheng J, Lin M, Jiang X. fliA, flrB, and fliR regulate adhesion by controlling the expression of critical virulence genes in Vibrio harveyi. Gene 2022; 839:146726. [PMID: 35835408 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria adhesion to fish mucus is a crucial virulence mechanism. As the initial step of bacterial infection, adhesion is impacted by bacterial motility and environmental conditions. However, its molecular mechanism is yet unclear. In this study, a significant decrease in gene expression of adhesion-deficient Vibrio harveyi was observed when the bacteria were subjected by Cu2+(50 mg/L), Pb2+(100 mg/L), Hg2+(25 mg/L), and Zn2+(50 mg/L). The genes fliA, fliR, and flrB were responsible for flagellation; being crucial for adhesion, these genes were identified and silenced via RNAi. After silencing of these genes by RNAi technology, the ability of adhesion, biofilm formation, motility, and flagella synthesis of V. harveyi were considerably reduced. Compared with the control group, it was observed that the expression levels of fliS, fliD, flgH, and flrC were significant down-regulated in fliR-RNAi, flrB-RNAi, and fliA-RNAi. This data indicates that the expression levels of most virulence genes are affected by fliA, fliR, and flrB. Also, the expression of fliA, fliR, and flrB can be influenced by the salinity, temperature, and pH. The results show that: (1) fliA, fliR, and flrB have important roles in the adhesion of V. harveyi; (2) fliA, fliR, and flrB can regulate bacterial adhesion by affecting its motility, and biofilm formation; (3) fliA, fliR, and flrB can regulate adhesion ability of V. harveyi in different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Fujian Fuding Seagull Fishing Food Co. Ltd., Ningde 352103, China; Fisheries College, Jimei University, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaojin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Fujian Fuding Seagull Fishing Food Co. Ltd., Ningde 352103, China; Fisheries College, Jimei University, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China; Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Formula Feed (Fujian Tianma Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., China; School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 600 East Greenfield Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53204, USA.
| | - Huiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Fujian Fuding Seagull Fishing Food Co. Ltd., Ningde 352103, China; Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen 361013, China
| | - Ying Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Fujian Fuding Seagull Fishing Food Co. Ltd., Ningde 352103, China
| | | | - Jiang Zheng
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Mao Lin
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Xinglong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Fujian Fuding Seagull Fishing Food Co. Ltd., Ningde 352103, China; Fisheries College, Jimei University, Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China.
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18
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Antibacterial Activity of Prenylated Flavonoids Isolated from Hop against Fish Pathogens Streptococcus iniae and Vibrio vulnificus. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-021-0247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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The Adhesion and Spoilage of Shewanella putrefaciens in Tilapia. Foods 2022; 11:foods11131913. [PMID: 35804729 PMCID: PMC9266031 DOI: 10.3390/foods11131913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Shewanella putrefaciens is a typical spoilage bacteria organism in seafood. The adhesion ability of three S. putrefaciens strains (HR-15, JR-18, HC-71) isolated from putrefied tilapia were evaluated by mucus adhesion in vitro and intestinal adhesion in vivo. The results of the spoilage of the inoculated fish fillets and spoilage of the refrigerated fish both showed that the adhesion ability of S. putrefaciens was positively correlated with the spoilage ability. High-throughput sequencing and GC-MS results showed that S. putrefaciens with high adhesion ability also significantly changed the intestinal flora of fish, causing an increase in the intestinal bacteria such as Plesionomas, Macellibacteroides, Acinetobacter, and Legionella, which then led to the increase in volatile substances such as low-grade aldehydes, alcohols, and ketones in the fish, serious fatty acid oxidation, and excitement of the fishy smell.
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20
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Chai Z, Bi H. Capture and identification of bacteria from fish muscle based on immunomagnetic beads and MALDI-TOF MS. Food Chem X 2022; 13:100225. [PMID: 35498980 PMCID: PMC9039919 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A protocol for the bacterial analysis in fish muscle was developed. Anti-bacterial antibodies modified magnetic beads (MBs) were used to capture bacteria. The bacterial identification accuracy from different complex food matrices was good. The presence of 10 CFU/mL E. coli is still detectable. It is promising to be applied in bacterial analysis to ensure muscle food safety.
In the present study, E. coli was taken as a model bacterium, anti-E. coli functionalized magnetic beads were constructed and used to capture E. coli from aqueous extracts of fish sarcoplasmic protein (FSP) and fish muscle protein of sablefish. The excellency of the reproducibility of the present protocol was demonstrated by capturing E. coli from sablefish FSP extracts. The presence of 10 CFU/mL E. coli is still detectable. A microbial safety test on the surface of fish muscle was successfully performed. The bacterial identification accuracy from samples with different matrices was found to be excellent with RSD = 3%. High specific detection of target bacteria in complex biological samples was testified by spiking Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae in samples as interference. Ten biomarker ions were discovered for E. coli’s recognition. It is promising to apply the present protocol in bacterial analysis in muscle food samples to ensure their safety.
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21
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Xu D, Li Q, Zhou Y, Shen Y, Lai W, Hao T, Ding Y, Mai K, Ai Q. Functional analysis and regulation mechanism of interferon gamma in macrophages of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:153-162. [PMID: 34863827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is a widely expressed cytokine that has potent antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. The expression and bioactivity of IFN-γ have been reported in several fish species. However, the molecular mechanism mediated by IFN-γ in fish macrophages has not been completely elucidated. This study used the macrophage cell line to investigate the functional activities and regulation mechanism of large yellow croaker IFN-γ (LcIFN-γ). Herein, the mRNA expression of Lcifn-γ was significantly upregulated in macrophages after LPS and poly(I:C) treatment. Recombinant LcIFN-γ protein (rLcIFN-γ) significantly enhanced the phagocytic ability and respiratory burst activity of macrophages. Meanwhile, rLcIFN-γ induced M1 phenotype polarization of macrophages with the upregulated expressions of pro-inflammatory gene. Moreover, rLcIFN-γ upregulated the IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) expression and activated JAK (Janus tyrosine kinases)-STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) signaling pathway by causing the phosphorylation of JAK1 and STAT1Tyr701. Furthermore, the promoter activity of IFN-regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) was significantly upregulated by the phosphorylated transcription factor STAT1 through binding to its promoter region. In addition to the classical JAK-STAT pathway, rLcIFN-γ also activated multiple distinct signaling cascades such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and protein kinase B (AKT) pathways. Overall, this study indicated the powerful effects of LcIFN-γ on macrophage activation of large yellow croaker and its molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qingfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yanan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wencong Lai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Tingting Hao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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22
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Rahimi-Midani A, Lee SW, Choi TJ. Potential Solutions Using Bacteriophages against Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121496. [PMID: 34943708 PMCID: PMC8698741 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are viruses that specifically infect a bacterial host. They play a great role in the modern biotechnology and antibiotic-resistant microbe era. Since the discovery of phages, their application as a control agent has faced challenges that made antibiotics a better fit for combating pathogenic bacteria. Recently, with the novel sequencing technologies providing new insight into the nature of bacteriophages, their application has a second chance to be used. However, novel challenges need to be addressed to provide proper strategies for their practical application. This review focuses on addressing these challenges by initially introducing the nature of bacteriophages and describing the phage-host-dependent strategies for phage application. We also describe the effect of the long-term application of phages in natural environments and other bacterial communities. Overall, this review gathered crucial information for the future application of phages. We predict the use of phages will not be the only control strategy against pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, more studies must be done for low-risk control methods against antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryan Rahimi-Midani
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (A.R.-M.); (S.-W.L.)
- Department of Microbiology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Seon-Woo Lee
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (A.R.-M.); (S.-W.L.)
| | - Tae-Jin Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
- Correspondence:
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23
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Zhou A, Xie S, Zhang Y, Chuan J, Tang H, Li X, Zhang L, Xu G, Zou J. Interaction of environmental eukaryotic microorganisms and fungi in the pond-cultured carps: new insights into the potential pathogenic fungi in the freshwater aquaculture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:38839-38854. [PMID: 33745047 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The quality and safety of the aquatic products have gradually become the focus of global attention. In this study, the environmental eukaryotic and fungi communities in pond-cultured grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) and the koi carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) were investigated. For comparative analysis, the alpha diversity shows that the environmental microbial abundance in the koi carp groups were higher than that in the grass carp groups, while beta diversity reveals that the differences of the microbial community composition and structures in the grass carp groups were significantly higher than those in the koi carp groups. Meanwhile, the environmental microbial diversity of grass carp groups was higher than that of koi carp groups at phylum level, but showed no significant difference at genus level. Additionally, the dominant total phyla were Opisthokonta, Stramenopiles plusAlveolates plusRhizaria, Archaeplastida, Cryptophyceae, and Centrohelida for the 18S rRNA gene and Ciliophora, Chlorophyta, and Ascomycota for the ITS2 rRNA gene in both of the two carp groups. Additionally, annotation analysis showed that the biomarkers in the grass carp groups are significantly higher than those of the koi carp groups. Furthermore, the functional prediction of Funguild showed significant difference in outputs, while similarity in trophic modes and guild types between the two carp groups. Meanwhile, the total relative abundances of animal pathogen, fungal parasite, and plant pathogen were extremely similar between the two carp groups. Surprisingly, one pathogenic fungus of genus Fusarium was identified in both the environments of two carp groups based on filtered operational taxonomic unit tables. Overall, this is the first robust report to understand the characteristics of environmental eukaryotic microorganisms and fungi in the edible and ornamental carps. Our results also provide the basic data for the prevention of fungal diseases and the healthy culture of the carps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiguo Zhou
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 93 Mount Edward Road, Charlottetown, PEI C1A 5 T1, Canada
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shaolin Xie
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Departments of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Jiacheng Chuan
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 93 Mount Edward Road, Charlottetown, PEI C1A 5 T1, Canada
| | - Huijuan Tang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 93 Mount Edward Road, Charlottetown, PEI C1A 5 T1, Canada
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Guohuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
| | - Jixing Zou
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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24
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Yu Z, Zhao YY, Jiang N, Zhang AZ, Li MY. Bioflocs attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation, immunosuppression and oxidative stress in Channa argus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:218-228. [PMID: 33965525 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of C/N in aquaculture water is an important means of environmental regulation, of which the most common is bioflocs technology (BFT). Here, an eight-week feeding experiment and a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge test were proceed to investigate the growth, oxidative stress, immunosuppression and GR-NF-κB related genes expression of Channa argus rearing in the BFT. Four groups were set, the control group was a basic diet (C/N = 7.6:1), and the other three groups were adjusted by glucose, which was C/N 10: 1, C/N 15: 1 and C/N 20:1, respectively. And we detected the two-stage test indexes of C. argus before and after the LPS challenge. The results showed that the bioflocs of C/N 15:1 group significantly (P < 0.05) promoted the growth performance. Similarly, the trend of immune enzyme activity was the same before and after LPS challenge, but decreased after challenge (except AKP and IgM). The best group is still treatment C/N 15:1. Liver and intestine SOD, CAT, GPX, ASA and T-AOC levels of juveniles in treatment C/N 15:1 were markedly increased (P < 0.05) compared to control before and after the LPS challenge. Simultaneously, the content of MDA in control group was considerably higher than that in treatment C/N 15:1 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, C/N 15:1 group significantly down-regulated the expression level of pro-inflammatory factors (NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8), and up-regulated IκBα, GR, HSP70 and HSP90 expression levels considerably (P < 0.05). Also, intestinal morphology appeared injury in control group, while intestinal integrity was better in treatment C/N 10:1 and C/N 15:1 after challenge. Taken together, these upshot indicated that bioflocs could enhance growth and alleviate C. argus from LPS-induced oxidative stress, immunosuppression and inflammation through restraining GR-NF-κB signaling pathway. The best C/N ratio for alleviating LPS is 15:1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Yun-Yi Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163316, China
| | - Ai-Zhong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163316, China.
| | - Mu-Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163316, China; College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China.
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25
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Bai J, Baker SM, Goodrich-Schneider RM, Montazeri N, Sarnoski PJ. Development of a rapid colorimetric strip method for determination of volatile bases in mahi-mahi and tuna. J Food Sci 2021; 86:2398-2409. [PMID: 33928640 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tuna (Thunnus albacares) and mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) are two major fish species responsible for scombroid poisoning in the United States. The purpose of this research was to develop a low-cost and easily operated colorimetric strip method for the rapid determination of spoilage degree via amine response in mahi-mahi and tuna. The color strip method was developed by investigating different types of dyes, filter papers, sample volume, water bath temperature, and other parameters. Ultimately rose bengal and bromophenol blue (BPB) dyes were chosen. These two dyes produced standard curves with good linearity (0-50 mg/L for the total biogenic amines) and uniformity of color change. The r2 values for the standard curves of the rose Bengal and BPB were 0.9535 and 0.8883, respectively. Significant positive Pearson correlations coefficients (r) between the volatile biogenic amine levels detected by these two colorimetric strip methods with increasing spoilage grade of mahi-mahi (rose bengal: r = 0.8907, p < 0.0001; BPB: r = 0.8711, p < 0.0001) and tuna (rose bengal: r = 0.8351, p < 0.0001; BPB: r = 0.7362, p = 0.0001) were observed. For mahi-mahi, the volatile amines detected by the colorimetric strips correlated positively with increasing levels of eight biogenic amines, free alanine, four aldehydes, isoamyl alcohol, two ketones, and dimethyl disulfide. For tuna, the results determined by colorimetric strips positively correlated with three biogenic amines, three free amino acids, four aldehydes, and ethanol. The two validated colorimetric strips could rapidly monitor the spoilage degree of mahi-mahi and tuna at low-cost. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Rose bengal strips and BPB strips were developed as a rapid, objective, analytical method that can serve as an alternative to sensory grading methods. These two nonspecific colorimetric strip methods provided good linear response and uniformity of color change. Volatile amine levels in fish determined by these colorimetric strip methods were statistically significant and positively correlated with the spoilage grade of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bai
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Shirley M Baker
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | | | - Naim Montazeri
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Paul J Sarnoski
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
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26
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Yang MJ, Xu D, Yang DX, Li L, Peng XX, Chen ZG, Li H. Malate enhances survival of zebrafish against Vibrio alginolyticus infection in the same manner as taurine. Virulence 2021; 11:349-364. [PMID: 32316833 PMCID: PMC7199751 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1750123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of low-cost and eco-friendly approaches to fight bacterial pathogens is especially needed in aquaculture. We previously showed that exogenous malate reprograms zebrafish’s metabolome to potentiate zebrafish survival against Vibrio alginolyticus infection. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, we use GC-MS based metabolomics to identify the malate-triggered metabolic shift. An activated TCA cycle and elevated taurine are identified as the key metabolic pathways and the most crucial biomarker of the reprogrammed metabolome, respectively. Taurine elevation is attributed to the activated TCA cycle, which is further supported by the increased expression of genes in the metabolic pathway of taurine biosynthesis from the isocitrate of the TCA cycle to taurine. Exogenous taurine increases the survival of zebrafish against V. alginolyticus infection as malate did. Moreover, exogenous taurine and malate regulate the expression of innate immunity genes and promote the generation of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen oxide in a similar way. The two metabolites can alleviate the excessive immune response to bacterial challenge, which protects fish from bacterial infection. These results indicate that malate enhances the survival of zebrafish to V. alginolyticus infection via taurine. Thus, our study highlights a metabolic approach to enhance a host’s ability to fight bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Jun Yang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Tibet Vocational Technical College, Lhasha, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Xu
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai-Xiao Yang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Li
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan-Xian Peng
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhuang-Gui Chen
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, University City, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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27
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Xu X, Li H, Qi X, Chen Y, Qin Y, Zheng J, Jiang X. cheA, cheB, cheR, cheV, and cheY Are Involved in Regulating the Adhesion of Vibrio harveyi. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:591751. [PMID: 33614522 PMCID: PMC7887938 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.591751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by Vibrio harveyi lead to severe economic losses in the aquaculture industry. Adhesion is an important disease-causing factor observed in bacteria with chemotactic activity. In our study, we measured the adhesion of V. harveyi by subjecting the bacteria to stress using Cu2+, Pb2+, Hg2+, and Zn2+. The genes responsible for chemotaxis (cheA, cheB, cheR, cheV, and cheY), which are also crucial for adhesion, were identified and silenced via RNAi. We observed that a decrease in chemotactic gene expression reduced the ability of the organism to demonstrate adhesion, motility, chemotaxis, and biofilm formation. Upon comparing the cheA-RNAi bacteria to the wild-type strain, we observed that the transcriptome of V. harveyi was significantly altered. Additionally, the expression of key genes and the adhesion ability were affected by the pH (pH of 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9), salinity (NaCl at concentrations of 0.8, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, or 4.5%), and temperature (4, 15, 28, 37, and 44°C) of the medium. Based on these results, the following conclusions were made: (1) The chemotactic genes cheA, cheB, cheR, cheV, and cheY may regulate the adhesion ability of V. harveyi by affecting bacterial motility, and participate in the regulation of adhesion at different temperatures, salinities, and pH values; (2) stable silencing of cheA could alter the transcriptional landscape of V. harveyi and regulate the expression of genes associated with its adhesion mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Xu
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.,Engineering Research Centre of Eel Modern Industrial Technology, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, China.,Jimei University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, China.,Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Formula Feed, Fujian Tianma Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., Fuzhou, China
| | - Huiyao Li
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.,Engineering Research Centre of Eel Modern Industrial Technology, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, China.,Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.,Engineering Research Centre of Eel Modern Industrial Technology, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, China.,Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yunong Chen
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.,Engineering Research Centre of Eel Modern Industrial Technology, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, China.,Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yingxue Qin
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.,Engineering Research Centre of Eel Modern Industrial Technology, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, China.,Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.,Engineering Research Centre of Eel Modern Industrial Technology, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, China.,Jimei University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, China
| | - Xinglong Jiang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China.,Engineering Research Centre of Eel Modern Industrial Technology, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, China.,Jimei University, Xiamen, China
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28
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Farmer BD, Fuller SA, Beck BH, Abernathy JW, Lange MD, Webster CD. Differential susceptibility of white bass (Morone chrysops), striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and hybrid striped bass (M. chrysops × M. saxatilis) to Flavobacterium columnare and effects of mucus on bacterial growth and biofilm development. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:161-169. [PMID: 33006773 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Columnaris disease generates substantial losses of many freshwater fish species; one is the hybrid striped bass. The ubiquitous aquatic bacterium Flavobacterium columnare can be highly effective in biofilm formation on fish skin and gills. Previous research showed a difference between columnaris disease susceptibility of hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis × M. chrysops) and white bass (M. chrysops). To understand these differential susceptibilities and possible mucosal relationship, we assessed total bacterial growth and biofilm formation with mucus derived from each moronid parental species: white bass and striped bass (M. saxatilis). Differential susceptibility was confirmed of the other parent species, the striped bass (M. saxatilis). In addition to intraspecies investigations, individual hybrid striped bass mucosal affects were also studied for deferential responses to bacterial growth and biofilm formation. Species- and concentration-dependent differences were detected in the total growth of the bacteria to host mucus. Our data suggest that bass mucus can significantly affect biofilm formation with the F. columnare isolate tested. There appears to be a correlation between the bacteria's response of growth and biofilms and bass species susceptibility. This study provides insight into our understanding of the host-pathogen interaction between F. columnare and moronids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley D Farmer
- Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Stuttgart, AR, USA
| | - Sidney Adam Fuller
- Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Stuttgart, AR, USA
| | - Benjamin H Beck
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Jason W Abernathy
- Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Stuttgart, AR, USA
| | - Miles D Lange
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Carl D Webster
- Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Stuttgart, AR, USA
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29
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Bao Y, He W, Zhao S, Liu Q, Li K, He P, Li K. Planktonic and sediment bacterial communities in an integrated mariculture system. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 72:341-350. [PMID: 33170955 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) system, with one fish cage model surrounded by an island and shellfish rafts, was used in the current study. Planktonic and sediment bacterial communities in the IMTA system were monitored over four seasons in 2019. In both plankton and sediment samples, the most dominant phyla were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota. Sediment bacterial samples were more similar and had higher levels of biodiversity than planktonic bacterial samples. Obvious seasonal variations were found in plankton samples, but not in sediment samples. No obvious inter-site variations in planktonic and sediment bacteria (fish cages, shellfish rafts and control sites) were found and the results suggested that no obvious impact of feeding operations in fish culture cage model on bacterial communities in the IMTA system was observed in this study. Based on the sequence data, some faecal indicator bacteria and potentially pathogenic bacterial species were detected. According to the results, the bacterial water quality in the IMTA system was acceptable. PICRUSt (Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States) analysis revealed that the primary difference in potential functional roles of planktonic and sediment bacteria was amino acid transport and metabolism, which was active in different seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Bao
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - W He
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Zhao
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Liu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - K Li
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - P He
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - K Li
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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30
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Li Q, Cui K, Wu M, Xu D, Mai K, Ai Q. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Influence LPS-Induced Inflammation of Fish Macrophages Through Differential Modulation of Pathogen Recognition and p38 MAPK/NF-κB Signaling. Front Immunol 2020; 11:559332. [PMID: 33123132 PMCID: PMC7572853 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.559332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) not only serve as essential nutrients but also function as modulators of the immune response in marine fish. However, their immunomodulatory mechanism is poorly understood given that the underlying regulation of the innate immune response in fish has not been fully elucidated. Hence, study of the innate immunity of fish could help elucidate the mechanism by which PUFAs affect the fish immune response. Here, we used combined transcriptome analysis and in vitro experimentation to study the mechanism of LPS-induced inflammation. Transcriptome profiling indicated that LPS elicited strong pro-inflammatory responses featuring high expression levels of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) and cytokines along with the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. The transcription factor p65 alone could increase the transcription of IL1β by binding to the promoter of IL1β, and this promoting effect disappeared after mutation or deletion of its binding sites. We then examined the effects of PUFAs on the levels of gene expression and the abundance of proteins of critical kinases associated with LPS-induced inflammation. We found that LA exerts pro-inflammatory response while ALA, EPA, and DHA induced anti-inflammatory effects by modulating the expression of PRRs, phosphorylation of IKK and p38, and the nuclear translocation of p65. Overall, this study advances our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms by which PUFAs regulate LPS-induced inflammation in a non-model fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengjiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Van Doan H, Hoseinifar SH, Hung TQ, Lumsangkul C, Jaturasitha S, Paolucci M. Dietary inclusion of chestnut (Castanea sativa) polyphenols to Nile tilapia reared in biofloc technology: Impacts on growth, immunity, and disease resistance against Streptococcus agalactiae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 105:319-326. [PMID: 32702475 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A feeding trial was carried out to examine the effects of adding chestnut (Castanea sativa) polyphenols (CSP) on the growth, skin mucus and serum immune parameters of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Five experimental diets with inclusion levels of 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 g kg-1 of CSP were fed to Nile tilapia fingerlings (12.77 ± 0.17 g fish-1) during an eight-week trial. Fish were analyzed on the fourth and eighth week to determine the influences of CSP on growth, skin mucus, and serum immune parameters. Challenging test versus Streptococcus agalactiae was evaluated at the end of the trial. Fish fed with CSP enriched diets displayed a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in growth and a decline in feed conversion ratio (P ≤ 0.05). Similarly, skin mucus and serum immune parameters were significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) in fish fed CSP with respect to the control. The effects were already evident four weeks after the CSP administration. The disease protection test displayed that the fish's survival rate was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in CSP diets over the control. The relative percentage of survival (RSP) was 62.5, 75.0, 58.3, and 37.5 in fish fed diets contained 1, 2, 4, and 8 g kg-1 CSP, respectively. The best effect on growth, immune response, and disease resistance were shown in Nile tilapia fed with a diet supplementation of 2 g kg-1 CSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
- Department of Fisheries Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Tran Quang Hung
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Chompunut Lumsangkul
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sanchai Jaturasitha
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Marina Paolucci
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, 82100, Italy
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Soares MP, Cardoso IL, Ishikawa MM, de Oliveira ADSS, Sartoratto A, Jonsson CM, de Queiroz SCDN, Duarte MCT, Rantin FT, Sampaio FG. Effects of Artemisia annua alcohol extract on physiological and innate immunity of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to improve health status. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 105:369-377. [PMID: 32693158 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plants are a potential source of active molecules and are environmentally safer and cheaper than synthetic antibiotics. Bioactive compounds of Artemisia annua have shown pharmacological activities and are used globally as a supplement. The present study tested whether dietary supplementation with alcohol extract of the plant A. annua (ae-Aa; patent BR10201902707) improves the health status of juvenile Nile tilapia and increases resistance to diseases when fish are challenged with the bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila. The experimental design was completely randomized with four experimental groups (0.0, 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5% ae-Aa in the diets) with five repetitions (12 fish per repetition/experimental unit). We assessed serum glucose and cortisol levels in plasma, leukocyte respiratory activity, total plasma protein, serum lysozyme levels, as well as the number of circulating red blood cells and fish leukocytes at the end of the 30 days of feeding (phase I) and 24h after exposure to bacteria (phase II). The levels of lipid peroxidation, catalase activity and glutathione S-transferase of fish were also analyzed. The supplementation of 0.5% of ae-Aa was sufficient to increase the respiratory burst of leukocyte and lysozyme activity, total plasma protein, blood thrombocytes, neutrophils and monocytes after bacterial challenge (P < 0.05), and minimized stress response with decreases in plasmatic glucose and cortisol, and reduction in lipid peroxidation levels (P < 0.05). Results of the present study suggest that ae-Aa as a dietary supplement has benefits, including supplementation with 0.5% A. annua extract for 30 days to minimize the stress response and modulate innate immunity in Nile tilapia, providing fish with greater resistance and disease protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelly Pereira Soares
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar/São Paulo State University, UNESP Campus Araraquara, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Israel Luz Cardoso
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar/São Paulo State University, UNESP Campus Araraquara, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Márcia Mayumi Ishikawa
- Embrapa Environment, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Rod. SP 340, Km 127,5, Caixa Postal 69, CEP: 13.918-110, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Adilson Sartoratto
- Chemical Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Paulínia, SP, Brazil.
| | - Claudio Martin Jonsson
- Embrapa Environment, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Rod. SP 340, Km 127,5, Caixa Postal 69, CEP: 13.918-110, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sonia Claudia do Nascimento de Queiroz
- Embrapa Environment, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Rod. SP 340, Km 127,5, Caixa Postal 69, CEP: 13.918-110, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marta Cristina Teixeira Duarte
- Chemical Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Paulínia, SP, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Tadeu Rantin
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar/São Paulo State University, UNESP Campus Araraquara, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Garcia Sampaio
- Embrapa Environment, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Rod. SP 340, Km 127,5, Caixa Postal 69, CEP: 13.918-110, Jaguariúna, SP, Brazil.
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Gallani SU, Valladão GMR, Assane IM, Alves LDO, Kotzent S, Hashimoto DT, Pilarski F. Motile Aeromonas septicemia in tambaqui Colossoma macropomum: Pathogenicity, lethality and new insights for control and disinfection in aquaculture. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104512. [PMID: 32966864 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tambaqui Colossoma macropomum is the most produced native fish in South America. Besides the lack of knowledge regarding bacteria-stricken diseases, the unappropriated using of off-label therapies are common. In this study, Aeromonas hydrophila pathogenicity for tambaqui was first established by Koch's Postulate. Lethal doses (LD) were settled for investigation of clinical signs and mortality. The antimicrobial activities were investigated by disk-diffusion test against 11 antibiotics and by broth microdilution methods against 3 antibiotics, 7 disinfectants and 11 herbal medicines. LD experiment showed up to 80% of fish mortality, skin darkness, ulcers, hemorrhage, lethargy and hypo/anorexia in all groups, with exception of control. The LD10,50,90 and 99 were established in 4.1 × 107, 8.8 × 107, 1.9 × 108 e 3.6 × 108 CFU/mL, respectively. Ceftriaxone, florfenicol, oxytetracycline and thiamphenicol were considered promising against A. hydrophila. All herbal medicines were classified as bactericides, but clove Eugenia caryophyllata and cinnamon Cinnamomum zeylanicum displayed strongest activities. Among disinfectants, malachite green was the only that did not present acceptable values, discouraging its use. In conclusion, Koch's postulate was fulfilled and tambaqui entered to the vast list of A. hydrophila hosts and promising results of chemical substances were provided, contributing to motile Aeromonas septicemia (MAS) control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Umeda Gallani
- Laboratory of Microbiology Applied to Aquatic Organisms, Nilton Lins University (UNL), Amazonas, 69058-030, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Moraes Ramos Valladão
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Pathology of Aquatic Organisms, Nilton Lins University (UNL), Amazonas, 69058-030, Brazil.
| | - Inácio Mateus Assane
- Zambeze University (UniZambeze), Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ulónguè, 2306, Mozambique; Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Aquatic Organisms, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Aquaculture Center of Unesp, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Lindomar de Oliveira Alves
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Aquatic Organisms, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Aquaculture Center of Unesp, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Suzana Kotzent
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Aquatic Organisms, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Aquaculture Center of Unesp, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Diogo Teruo Hashimoto
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Aquaculture Center of Unesp, Laboratory of Aquaculture Genetics and Conservation, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana Pilarski
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Aquatic Organisms, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Aquaculture Center of Unesp, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
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Romero A, Vega M, Santibáñez N, Spies J, Pérez T, Enríquez R, Kausel G, Oliver C, Oyarzún R, Tort L, Vargas-Chacoff L. Salmo salar glucocorticoid receptors analyses of alternative splicing variants under stress conditions. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 293:113466. [PMID: 32194046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cortisol is the main corticosteroid in teleosts, exerting multiple functions by activating glucocorticoid receptors (GR). Most teleost species have two GR genes, gr-1 and gr-2. Some teleost also presents two splice variants for gr-1; gr-1a and gr-1b. In this study, we report for first time the presence of 2 homeologous genes for gr-1 and gr-2, located on chromosomes 4q-13q (gr-1) and 5p-9q (gr-2) of the Salmo salar genome. Furthermore, our results describe gr-1 splice variants derived from chromosome 4 and 13, sharing typical teleost GR elements such as the 9 amino acid insertion in the DNA binding domain (DBD) and variations in the length of the ligand binding domain (LBD). Three splice variants were predicted for the gr-2 homeologous gene in chromosome 5, with differences of a 5 amino acid insertion in the DBD. We also identified an uncommon truncated gr-2 gene in chromosome 9 in salmon, which lacked the DBD and LBD domains. Finally, by designing specific primers for each predicted splice variant, we validated and evaluated the expression of their transcripts in S. salar subjected to stress caused by stocking density. Differences were observed in the expression of all identified mRNAs, revealing that gr-1 and gr-2 splice variants were upregulated in head kidney and gills of post-stressed fish. In conclusion, our findings suggest that from specific salmonid genomic duplication (125 MYA), two gene copies of each GR receptor were generated in S. salar. The identified splice variants could contribute to the variability of GR receptor complex modulation expression during stressful events, leading to variations in physiological responses in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Romero
- Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral De Chile, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Centro FONDAP, Chile.
| | - Matías Vega
- Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral De Chile, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Centro FONDAP, Chile
| | - Natacha Santibáñez
- Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral De Chile, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Centro FONDAP, Chile
| | - Johana Spies
- Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral De Chile, Chile; Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Tatiana Pérez
- Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral De Chile, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Centro FONDAP, Chile
| | - Ricardo Enríquez
- Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral De Chile, Chile.
| | - Gudrun Kausel
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral De Chile, Chile.
| | - Cristian Oliver
- Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral De Chile, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Centro FONDAP, Chile
| | - Ricardo Oyarzún
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Lluis Tort
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Luis Vargas-Chacoff
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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35
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Inguglia L, Chiaramonte M, Di Stefano V, Schillaci D, Cammilleri G, Pantano L, Mauro M, Vazzana M, Ferrantelli V, Nicolosi R, Arizza V. Salmo salar fish waste oil: Fatty acids composition and antibacterial activity. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9299. [PMID: 32596043 PMCID: PMC7307567 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Fish by-products are generally used to produce fishmeal or fertilizers, with fish oil as a by-product. Despite their importance, fish wastes are still poorly explored and characterized and more studies are needed to reveal their potentiality. The goal of the present study was to qualitatively characterize and investigate the antimicrobial effects of the fish oil extracted from Salmo salar waste samples and to evaluate the potential use of these compounds for treating pathogen infections. Methods Salmo salar waste samples were divided in two groups: heads and soft tissues. Fatty acids composition, and in particular the content in saturated (SAFAs), mono-unsaturated (MUFAs) and Polyunsaturated (PUFAs) fatty acids, was characterized through GC/MS Thermo Focus GC-DSQ II equipped with a ZB-5 fused silica capillary tubes column. The antimicrobial activity of the salmon waste oils was evaluated through the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration assay and the antibiotics contamination was determined by Liquid Chromatography with tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. All experiments were done at least in triplicate. Results GC/MS analysis has shown the specific fatty acid composition of the salmon waste oils and their enrichment in MUFAs and PUFAs, with special reference to omega-3, -6, -7, -9 fatty acids. Furthermore, our study has highlighted the antimicrobial activity of the fish waste oil samples against two Gram+ and Gram- bacterial strains. Conclusions These data confirm that the fish waste is still quantitatively and qualitatively an important source of available biological properties that could be extracted and utilized representing an important strategy to counteract infective diseases in the context of the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Licia Pantano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico della Sicilia "A.Mirri", Palermo, Italy, Italy
| | - Manuela Mauro
- STEBICEF, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy, Italy
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Mouithys-Mickalad A, Schmitt E, Dalim M, Franck T, Tome NM, van Spankeren M, Serteyn D, Paul A. Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia Illucens) Larvae Protein Derivatives: Potential to Promote Animal Health. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E941. [PMID: 32485877 PMCID: PMC7341516 DOI: 10.3390/ani10060941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
European legislation permits the inclusion of insect proteins in pet and aquaculture diets. Black soldier fly larvae (BSF) are one of the most actively produced species due to their low environmental impact and nutritional characteristics. BSF protein derivatives (proteins and protein hydrolysates) contain a substantial amount of low molecular weight peptides that are known to possess antioxidant potential. In this study, the in vitro antioxidant potential of commercial BSF proteins and protein hydrolysates was investigated for (1) radical scavenging activity, (2) myeloperoxidase activity modulation, and (3) neutrophil response modulation. Chickenmeal and fishmeal are commonly used in pet food and aquaculture formulations. Hence, both were used as industrial benchmarks during this study. The results indicate that fishmeal and chickenmeal are ineffective at suppressing the oxidative damage caused by neutrophil response and myeloperoxidase activity. Fishmeal and chickenmeal even exhibit pro-oxidant behavior in some of the models used during this study. On the other hand, it was found that BSF protein derivatives could be effective in protecting against the cellular damage resulting from neutrophil and myeloperoxidase activities. The outcomes of this study indicate that BSF protein derivatives could be potentially included in pet food and aquaculture feed formulations as health-promoting ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ange Mouithys-Mickalad
- Centre of Oxygen, Research and Development—University of Liege, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.M.-M.); (T.F.); (D.S.)
| | - Eric Schmitt
- Protix B.V., 5107 NC Dongen, The Netherlands; (E.S.); (M.D.); (N.M.T.); (M.v.S.)
| | - Monika Dalim
- Protix B.V., 5107 NC Dongen, The Netherlands; (E.S.); (M.D.); (N.M.T.); (M.v.S.)
| | - Thierry Franck
- Centre of Oxygen, Research and Development—University of Liege, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.M.-M.); (T.F.); (D.S.)
| | - Nuria Martin Tome
- Protix B.V., 5107 NC Dongen, The Netherlands; (E.S.); (M.D.); (N.M.T.); (M.v.S.)
| | - Michel van Spankeren
- Protix B.V., 5107 NC Dongen, The Netherlands; (E.S.); (M.D.); (N.M.T.); (M.v.S.)
| | - Didier Serteyn
- Centre of Oxygen, Research and Development—University of Liege, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.M.-M.); (T.F.); (D.S.)
| | - Aman Paul
- Protix B.V., 5107 NC Dongen, The Netherlands; (E.S.); (M.D.); (N.M.T.); (M.v.S.)
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Effects of CGA-N12 on the membrane structure of Candida tropicalis cells. Biochem J 2020; 477:1813-1825. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The antimicrobial peptide CGA-N12 (NH2-ALQGAKERAHQQ-COOH) is an active peptide derived from chromogranin A (CGA) and consists of the 65th to 76th amino acids of the N-terminus. The results of our previous studies showed that CGA-N12 exerts anti-Candida activity by inducing apoptosis without destroying the integrity of cell membranes. In this study, the effect of CGA-N12 on the cell membrane structure of Candida tropicalis was investigated. CGA-N12 resulted in the dissipation of the membrane potential, the increase in membrane fluidity, and the outflow of potassium ions in C. tropicalis without significantly changing the ergosterol level. Fluorescence quenching was applied to evaluate the membrane channel characteristics induced by CGA-N12 through detection of the following: membrane permeability of hydrated Cl− (ϕ ≈ 0.66 nm) using the membrane-impermeable halogen anion-selective fluorescent dye lucigenin, passage of the membrane-impermeable dye carboxyfluorescein (CF) (ϕ ≈ 1 nm) through the membrane, and membrane permeation of H3O+ based on the membrane non-permeable pH-sensitive fluorescent dye 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid, trisodium salt (HPTS). In conclusion, CGA-N12 can induce the formation of non-selective ion channels <1 nm in diameter in the membranes of C. tropicalis, resulting in the leakage of potassium ions, chloride ions, and protons, among others, leading to dissipation of the membrane potential. As a result, the fluidity of membranes is increased without destroying the synthesis of ergosterol is not affected.
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Lange MD, Farmer BD, Abernathy J. Vertebrate mucus stimulates biofilm development and upregulates iron acquisition genes in Flavobacterium columnare. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:101-110. [PMID: 31709555 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Columnaris disease is responsible for substantial losses throughout the production of many freshwater fish species. One of the ways in which the bacterium Flavobacterium columnare is so effective in initiating disease is through the formation of biofilms on fish skin and gills. To further explore the interaction between host factors and bacterial cells, we assayed the ability of vertebrate mucus to enhance F. columnare biofilm development. Different concentrations of catfish, tilapia and pig mucus (5-60 µg/ml) increased biofilm growth at varying degrees among F. columnare isolates. Our data suggest that vertebrate mucus acts as a signalling molecule for the development of F. columnare biofilms; however, there are clear disparities in how individual isolates respond to different mucus fractions to stimulate biofilms. The expression of iron acquisition genes among two genomovar II isolates showed that ferroxidase, TonB receptor and the siderophore synthetase gene were all significantly upregulated among F. columnare biofilms. Interestingly, the siderophore acetyltransferase gene was only shown to be significantly upregulated in one of the genomovar II isolates. This work provides insight into our understanding of the interaction between F. columnare and vertebrate mucus, which likely contributes to the growth of planktonic cells and the transition into biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles D Lange
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Stuttgart, AR, USA
| | - Bradley D Farmer
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Stuttgart, AR, USA
| | - Jason Abernathy
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Harry K. Dupree Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, Stuttgart, AR, USA
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Yamashita MM, Ferrarezi JV, Pereira GDV, Bandeira G, Côrrea da Silva B, Pereira SA, Martins ML, Pedreira Mouriño JL. Autochthonous vs allochthonous probiotic strains to Rhamdia quelen. Microb Pathog 2019; 139:103897. [PMID: 31786258 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to obtain an autochthonous probiotic candidate strain from the silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) intestinal tract, comparing its in vivo performance with an allochthonous probiotic isolated from another fish, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), in a growth performance assay. The study was divided in two parts: in vitro and in vivo assay followed by challenge with A. hydrophila. In the in vitro assay, the species-specific isolated strain Lactococcus lactis presented characteristics such as: absence of hemolysis, antagonism to bacterial pathogens isolated from freshwater fish, and considerable speed of duplication. In the in vivo trial, both fish supplemented with autochthonous or allochthonous strains presented an increase the final concentration of lactic acid bacteria in the intestinal tract of the fish after 60 days of dietary supplementation reaching concentrations of 1 × 107 CFU g-1 and 4 × 107 UFC.g-1, respectively. In addition, the autochthonous strain increased the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) of the treated animals, but no significant differences were observed in the other hemato-immunological and zootechnical parameters between treatments. After challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila, only animals that received autochthonous probiotic supplementation showed an increase in the serum total immunoglobulin concentration, but not enough to observe a significant difference in the survival rate between the treatments. Dietary supplementation of the probiotic allochthonous strain did not demonstrate any effects superior to those of the isolated autochthonous strain. Although the autochthonous strain did not present significant improvements in the other parameters evaluated in this study, it was able to inhibit bacterial pathogens in vitro, to increase the final concentration of LAB's and the amount of immunoglobulin after experimental challenge, demonstrating probiotic potential. This study demonstrated for the first time the isolation and in vivo use of an autochthonous probiotic strain isolated from silver catfish, as well as its comparative evaluation with the performance of allochthonous probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Maia Yamashita
- AQUOS - Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - José Victor Ferrarezi
- AQUOS - Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriella do Vale Pereira
- Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health Research Group, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK
| | - Guerino Bandeira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruno Côrrea da Silva
- EPAGRI - Company of Agricultural Research and Rural Extension of Santa Catarina, Rod. Antônio Hell, 6800, 88318-112, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Scheila Anelise Pereira
- AQUOS - Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Maurício Laterça Martins
- AQUOS - Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Pedreira Mouriño
- AQUOS - Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Labella AM, Rosado JJ, Balado M, Lemos ML, Borrego JJ. Virulence properties of three new Photobacterium species affecting cultured fish. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 129:37-50. [PMID: 31505106 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Several virulence factors of three new Photobacterium species: Photobacterium toruni, Photobacterium malacitanum and Photobacterium andalusiense associated with diseases of cultured redbanded seabream (Pagrus auriga) were studied. The exoenzymatic activities, adherence and cytotoxic capabilities, and iron-uptake mechanisms were determined both in bacterial extracellular products (ECP) and whole bacterial cells. The histopathology damages provoked on redbanded seabream by the ECP was also studied. METHODS AND RESULTS The highest exoenzymatic activities of the ECP were alkaline- and acid-phosphatase, phosphohydrolase and lipase. The ECP were strongly lethal for fish at 4-96 h post-inoculation (p.i). Histological changes were evident at 96 hpi of ECP, affecting head kidney, splenic parenchyma and heart. Cytotoxicity assays, on three fish lines and one human cell line, were conducted using whole bacterial cells and their ECP. The new species tested were cytotoxic only for fish cell lines using whole bacterial cells. Bacterial adherence showed an adherence index moderate on CHSE-214 cell line. All strains showed variable haemolytic activity, and were able to grow under iron-limiting conditions, although the CAS reactivitiy was very low. However, all strains produced high amounts of extracelullar citrate that could be used as iron carrier, and use haem as iron source, except the P. toruni strains because a deletion in the genomic region encoding this ability in all Vibrionaceae members. CONCLUSIONS The toxic activity of the bacterial ECPs was thermolabile, and not associated with their thermoresistant lipopolysaccharide content. The virulence of the strains tested could not be related to the haemolytic activity. Iron uptake could be based on the use of endogenous citrate as iron carrier and P. toruni lacks the ability to use haem as iron source. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The study analyses for the first time the virulence properties of three new species of Photobacterium pathogenic for fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Labella
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - J J Rosado
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Balado
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M L Lemos
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J J Borrego
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Zhu QY, Zhang FR, Du Y, Zhang XX, Lu JY, Yao QF, Huang WT, Ding XZ, Xia LQ. Graphene-Based Steganographically Aptasensing System for Information Computing, Encryption and Hiding, Fluorescence Sensing and in Vivo Imaging of Fish Pathogens. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:8904-8914. [PMID: 30730133 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by information processing and communication of life based on complex molecular interactions, some artificial (bio)chemical systems have been developed for applications in molecular information processing or chemo/biosensing and imaging. However, little attention has been paid to simultaneously and comprehensively utilize the information computing, encoding, and molecular recognition capabilities of molecular-level systems (such as DNA-based systems) for multifunctional applications. Herein, a graphene-based steganographically aptasensing system was constructed for multifunctional application, which relies on specific molecular recognition and information encoding abilities of DNA aptamers ( Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda-binding aptamers as models) and the selective adsorption and fluorescence quenching capacities of graphene oxide (GO). Although graphene-DNA systems have been widely used in biosensors and diagnostics, our proposed graphene-based aptasensing system can not only be utilized for fluorescence sensing and in vivo imaging of fish pathogens ( A. hydrophila and E. tarda), but can also function as a molecular-level logic computing system where the combination of matters (specific molecules or materials) as inputs produces the resulting product (matter level) or fluorescence (energy level) changes as two outputs. More importantly and interestingly, our graphene-based steganographically aptasensing system can also serve as a generally doubly cryptographic and steganographic system for sending different secret messages by using pathogen-binding DNA aptamers as information carriers, GO as a cover, and a pair of keys, that is, target pathogen as a public key, the encryption key used to encode or decode a message in DNA as a private key. Our study not only provides a novel nanobiosensing assay for rapid and effective sensing and in vivo imaging of fish pathogens, but also demonstrates a prototype of (bio)molecular steganography as an important and interesting extension direction of molecular information technology, which is helpful in probably promoting the development of multifunctional molecular-level devices or machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science , Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081 , P. R. China
| | - Fu Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science , Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081 , P. R. China
| | - Yan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science , Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081 , P. R. China
| | - Xin Xing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science , Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081 , P. R. China
| | - Jiao Yang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science , Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081 , P. R. China
| | - Qing Feng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science , Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Tao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science , Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081 , P. R. China
| | - Xue Zhi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science , Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081 , P. R. China
| | - Li Qiu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science , Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081 , P. R. China
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Iswarya A, Vaseeharan B, Anjugam M, Gobi N, Divya M, Faggio C. β-1, 3 glucan binding protein based selenium nanowire enhances the immune status of Cyprinus carpio and protection against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 83:61-75. [PMID: 30176334 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, immunoenhancing effect of β-1, 3 glucan binding protein based selenium nanowire (Phβ-GBP-SeNWs) in common carp, Cyprinus carpio was assessed. Biological based selenium nanoform was synthesized, using crustacean immune molecule β-GBP purified from the haemolymph of Paratelphusa hydrodromus. The morphological property of Phβ-GBP-SeNWs was analyzed through TEM which reveals, the synthesized nanowire exhibits approximately 30-50 nm width with smooth surface. For this current study, fish were fed with experimental diet includes Phβ-GBP, sodium selenite, selenomethionine and Phβ-GBP-SeNWs supplemented diet at different concentrations (0.5 mg, 1 mg and 2 mg) for 30 days. The growth performance, cellular and humoral immune responses (myeloperoxidase, reactive oxygen species, alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme activity) and antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and catalase activity) in the fish fed with Phβ-GBP-SeNWs supplemented diet were significantly increased in dose-dependent manner, which was observed at two different interval period (15th and 30th day). Also, Phβ-GBP-SeNWs supplemented diet fed fish gain resistant after challenged with aquatic pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila and the relative survival percentage was increased. Agar disc diffusion and BacLight assay clearly demonstrated the antibacterial property of plasma of fish fed with Phβ-GBP-SeNWs supplemented diet against aquatic pathogen A. hydrophila, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus. Moreover, confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis clearly showed that, Phβ-GBP-SeNWs supplemented diet fed fish plasma was more efficient in disrupting the architecture of bacterial colonies and thereby reduced the thickness of biofilm. Thus, the present study indicates that, incorporation of Phβ-GBP-SeNWs in the diet enhances the fish immune responses and disease resistance against aquatic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arokiadhas Iswarya
- Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block 6(th) Floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskaralingam Vaseeharan
- Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block 6(th) Floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mahalingam Anjugam
- Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block 6(th) Floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Narayanan Gobi
- Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block 6(th) Floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mani Divya
- Crustacean Molecular Biology and Genomics Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Science Block 6(th) Floor, Burma Colony, Karaikudi, 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina-Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres, 31 -98166 S.Agata-Messina, Italy
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