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Ezediokpu MN, Krause K, Kunert M, Hoffmeister D, Boland W, Kothe E. Ectomycorrhizal Influence on the Dynamics of Sesquiterpene Release by Tricholoma vaccinum. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:555. [PMID: 35736037 PMCID: PMC9224709 DOI: 10.3390/jof8060555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tricholoma vaccinum is an ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete with high host specificity. The slow-growing fungus is able to produce twenty sesquiterpenes, including α-barbatene, sativene, isocaryophyllene, α-cuprenene, β-cedrene, ß-copaene, 4-epi-α-acoradiene, and chamigrene in axenic culture. For the three major compounds, Δ6-protoilludene, β-barbatene, and an unidentified oxygenated sesquiterpene (m/z 218.18), changed production during co-cultivation with the ectomycorrhizal partner tree, Picea abies, could be shown with distinct dynamics. During the mycorrhizal growth of T. vaccinum-P. abies, Δ6-protoilludene and the oxygenated sesquiterpene appeared at similar times, which warranted further studies of potential biosynthesis genes. In silico analyses identified a putative protoilludene synthesis gene, pie1, as being up-regulated in the mycorrhizal stage, in addition to the previously identified, co-regulated geosmin synthase, ges1. We therefore hypothesize that the sesquiterpene synthase pie1 has an important role during mycorrhization, through Δ6-protoilludene and/or its accompanied oxygenated sesquiterpene production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marycolette Ndidi Ezediokpu
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.N.E.); (K.K.)
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Bioorganic Chemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.K.); (W.B.)
| | - Katrin Krause
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.N.E.); (K.K.)
| | - Maritta Kunert
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Bioorganic Chemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.K.); (W.B.)
| | - Dirk Hoffmeister
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Hans Knöll Institute, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Winzerlaer Strasse 2, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Bioorganic Chemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.K.); (W.B.)
| | - Erika Kothe
- Institute of Microbiology, Microbial Communication, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.N.E.); (K.K.)
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2
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Attwell JR, Ioannou CC, Reid CR, Herbert-Read JE. Fish Avoid Visually Noisy Environments Where Prey Targeting Is Reduced. Am Nat 2021; 198:421-432. [PMID: 34403312 DOI: 10.1086/715434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe environment contains different forms of ecological noise that can reduce the ability of animals to detect information. Here, we ask whether animals adapt their behavior to either exploit or avoid areas of their environment with increased dynamic visual noise. Three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) were immersed in environments with a simulated form of naturally occurring visual noise-moving light bands that form on underwater substrates caused by the refraction of light through surface waves. We tested whether this form of visual noise affected fish's habitat selection, movements, and prey-targeting behavior. Fish avoided areas of the environment with increased visual noise and achieved this by increasing their activity as a function of the locally perceived noise level. Fish were less likely to respond to virtual prey in environments with increased visual noise, highlighting a potential impact that visual noise has on their perceptual abilities. Fish did not increase or decrease their refuge use in environments with increased visual noise, providing no evidence that visual noise increased either exploratory or risk-aversive behavior. Our results indicate that animals can use simple behavioral strategies to avoid visually noisy environments, thereby mitigating the impacts that these environments appear to have on their perceptual abilities.
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Yu H, Holopainen JK, Kivimäenpää M, Virtanen A, Blande JD. Potential of Climate Change and Herbivory to Affect the Release and Atmospheric Reactions of BVOCs from Boreal and Subarctic Forests. Molecules 2021; 26:2283. [PMID: 33920862 PMCID: PMC8071236 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to most other forest ecosystems, circumpolar boreal and subarctic forests have few tree species, and are prone to mass outbreaks of herbivorous insects. A short growing season with long days allows rapid plant growth, which will be stimulated by predicted warming of polar areas. Emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) from soil and vegetation could be substantial on sunny and warm days and biotic stress may accelerate emission rates. In the atmosphere, BVOCs are involved in various gas-phase chemical reactions within and above forest canopies. Importantly, the oxidation of BVOCs leads to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. SOA particles scatter and absorb solar radiation and grow to form cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and participate in cloud formation. Through BVOC and moisture release and SOA formation and condensation processes, vegetation has the capacity to affect the abiotic environment at the ecosystem scale. Recent BVOC literature indicates that both temperature and herbivory have a major impact on BVOC emissions released by woody species. Boreal conifer forest is the largest terrestrial biome and could be one of the largest sources of biogenic mono- and sesquiterpene emissions due to the capacity of conifer trees to store terpene-rich resins in resin canals above and belowground. Elevated temperature promotes increased diffusion of BVOCs from resin stores. Moreover, insect damage can break resin canals in needles, bark, and xylem and cause distinctive bursts of BVOCs during outbreaks. In the subarctic, mountain birch forests have cyclic outbreaks of Geometrid moths. During outbreaks, trees are often completely defoliated leading to an absence of BVOC-emitting foliage. However, in the years following an outbreak there is extended shoot growth, a greater number of leaves, and greater density of glandular trichomes that store BVOCs. This can lead to a delayed chemical defense response resulting in the highest BVOC emission rates from subarctic forest in the 1-3 years after an insect outbreak. Climate change is expected to increase insect outbreaks at high latitudes due to warmer seasons and arrivals of invasive herbivore species. Increased BVOC emission will affect tropospheric ozone (O3) formation and O3 induced oxidation of BVOCs. Herbivore-induced BVOC emissions from deciduous and coniferous trees are also likely to increase the formation rate of SOA and further growth of the particles in the atmosphere. Field experiments measuring the BVOC emission rates, SOA formation rate and particle concentrations within and above the herbivore attacked forest stands are still urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Yu
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (H.Y.); (J.K.H.); (M.K.)
| | - J. K. Holopainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (H.Y.); (J.K.H.); (M.K.)
| | - M. Kivimäenpää
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (H.Y.); (J.K.H.); (M.K.)
| | - A. Virtanen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - J. D. Blande
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (H.Y.); (J.K.H.); (M.K.)
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4
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Faiola CL, Pullinen I, Buchholz A, Khalaj F, Ylisirniö A, Kari E, Miettinen P, Holopainen JK, Kivimäenpää M, Schobesberger S, Yli-Juuti T, Virtanen A. Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Healthy and Aphid-Stressed Scots Pine Emissions. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2019; 3:1756-1772. [PMID: 31565682 PMCID: PMC6757509 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.9b00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
One barrier to predicting biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in a changing climate can be attributed to the complex nature of plant volatile emissions. Plant volatile emissions are dynamic over space and time, and change in response to environmental stressors. This study investigated SOA production from emissions of healthy and aphid-stressed Scots pine saplings via dark ozonolysis and photooxidation chemistry. Laboratory experiments using a batch reaction chamber were used to investigate SOA production from different plant volatile mixtures. The volatile mixture from healthy plants included monoterpenes, aromatics, and a small amount of sesquiterpenes. The biggest change in the volatile mixture for aphid-stressed plants was a large increase (from 1.4 to 7.9 ppb) in sesquiterpenes-particularly acyclic sesquiterpenes, such as the farnesene isomers. Acyclic sesquiterpenes had different effects on SOA production depending on the chemical mechanism. Farnesenes suppressed SOA formation from ozonolysis with a 9.7-14.6% SOA mass yield from healthy plant emissions and a 6.9-10.4% SOA mass yield from aphid-stressed plant emissions. Ozonolysis of volatile mixtures containing more farnesenes promoted fragmentation reactions, which produced higher volatility oxidation products. In contrast, plant volatile mixtures containing more farnesenes did not appreciably change SOA production from photooxidation. SOA mass yields ranged from 10.8 to 23.2% from healthy plant emissions and 17.8-26.8% for aphid-stressed plant emissions. This study highlights the potential importance of acyclic terpene chemistry in a future climate regime with an increased presence of plant stress volatiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia L. Faiola
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- E-mail:
| | - Iida Pullinen
- Department
of Applied Physics, University of Eastern
Finland, P.O. Box 1626, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Angela Buchholz
- Department
of Applied Physics, University of Eastern
Finland, P.O. Box 1626, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Farzaneh Khalaj
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Arttu Ylisirniö
- Department
of Applied Physics, University of Eastern
Finland, P.O. Box 1626, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eetu Kari
- Department
of Applied Physics, University of Eastern
Finland, P.O. Box 1626, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pasi Miettinen
- Department
of Applied Physics, University of Eastern
Finland, P.O. Box 1626, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarmo K. Holopainen
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna Kivimäenpää
- Department
of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Siegfried Schobesberger
- Department
of Applied Physics, University of Eastern
Finland, P.O. Box 1626, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Taina Yli-Juuti
- Department
of Applied Physics, University of Eastern
Finland, P.O. Box 1626, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Annele Virtanen
- Department
of Applied Physics, University of Eastern
Finland, P.O. Box 1626, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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5
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O'Connor PJ, Alonso-Amelot ME, Roberts SA, Povey AC. The role of bracken fern illudanes in bracken fern-induced toxicities. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 782:108276. [PMID: 31843140 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bracken fern is carcinogenic when fed to domestic and laboratory animals inducing bladder and ileal tumours and is currently classified as a possible human carcinogen by IARC. The carcinogenic illudane, ptaquiloside (PTQ) was isolated from bracken fern and is widely assumed to be the major bracken carcinogen. However, several other structurally similar illudanes are found in bracken fern, in some cases at higher levels than PTQ and so may contribute to the overall toxicity and carcinogenicity of bracken fern. In this review, we critically evaluate the role of illudanes in bracken fern induced toxicity and carcinogenicity, the mechanistic basis of these effects including the role of DNA damage, and the potential for human exposure in order to highlight deficiencies in the current literature. Critical gaps remain in our understanding of bracken fern induced carcinogenesis, a better understanding of these processes is essential to establish whether bracken fern is also a human carcinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J O'Connor
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - M E Alonso-Amelot
- Chemical Ecology Group, Faculty of Sciences, University of Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
| | - S A Roberts
- Centre for Biostatistics, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - A C Povey
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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6
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Unelius CR, Bohman B, Nordlander G. Comparison of Phenylacetates with Benzoates and Phenylpropanoates as Antifeedants for the Pine Weevil, Hylobius abietis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11797-11805. [PMID: 30350979 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study concludes an extensive investigation of antifeedants for the pine weevil, Hylobius abietis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), an economically important pest of planted conifer seedlings. Building on the previously reported antifeedant effects of benzoates and phenylpropanoids (aromatic compounds with one- or three-carbon-atom substituents on the benzene ring), we here report the antifeedant effects of compounds with two-carbon-atom side chains (i.e., phenylacetates). We also present new results; the best antifeedants from the benzoate class were tested at 10-fold lower concentrations in order to find the optimal antifeedants. Generally, for all three compound classes, efficient antifeedants were found to have one or two methyl, chloro, or methoxy substituents on the aromatic ring. For monosubstituted phenylpropanoids, the substituent preferably should be in the para-position. In the search for synergistic antifeedant effects among the three compound classes, combinations of compounds from the three classes were tested in binary and ternary mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rikard Unelius
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences , Linnaeus University , 392 34 Kalmar , Sweden
| | - Björn Bohman
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences , Linnaeus University , 392 34 Kalmar , Sweden
| | - Göran Nordlander
- Department of Ecology , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) , 750 07 Uppsala , Sweden
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Shared weapons in fungus-fungus and fungus-plant interactions? Volatile organic compounds of plant or fungal origin exert direct antifungal activity in vitro. FUNGAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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8
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Axelsson K, Konstanzer V, Rajarao GK, Terenius O, Seriot L, Nordenhem H, Nordlander G, Borg-Karlson AK. Antifeedants Produced by Bacteria Associated with the Gut of the Pine Weevil Hylobius abietis. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2017; 74:177-184. [PMID: 28074245 PMCID: PMC5486832 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0915-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The pine weevil, Hylobius abietis, is a severe forest pest insect as it feeds on newly planted conifer seedlings. To identify and develop an antifeedant could be one step towards the protection of seedlings from feeding damage by the pine weevil. With the aim to trace the origin of the antifeedants previously found in feces of the pine weevil, we investigated the culturable bacteria associated with the gut and identified the volatiles they produced. Bacterial isolates were identified by 16S ribosomal RNA gene analysis. The volatile emissions of selected bacteria, cultivated on NB media or on the grated phloem of Scots pine twigs dispersed in water, were collected and analyzed by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The bacterial isolates released a variety of compounds, among others 2-methoxyphenol, 2-phenylethanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 3-octanone, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide. A strong antifeedant effect was observed by 2-phenylethanol, which could thus be a good candidate for use to protect planted conifer seedlings against feeding damage caused by H. abietis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Axelsson
- Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Ecological Chemistry Group, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
- Royal Institute of Technology, School of Biotechnology, Division of Microbiology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vera Konstanzer
- Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Ecological Chemistry Group, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunaratna Kuttuva Rajarao
- Royal Institute of Technology, School of Biotechnology, Division of Microbiology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olle Terenius
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, P.O. Box 7044, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lisa Seriot
- Royal Institute of Technology, School of Biotechnology, Division of Microbiology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Nordenhem
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, P.O. Box 7044, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Nordlander
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, P.O. Box 7044, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Borg-Karlson
- Royal Institute of Technology, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Ecological Chemistry Group, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Institute of Technology, Division of Organic Chemistry, Nooruse 1, Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia.
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9
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Investigations of a Possible Chemical Effect of Salvadora persica Chewing Sticks. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:2576548. [PMID: 28484501 PMCID: PMC5412162 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2576548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Salvadora persica is commonly used chewing sticks in many parts of the world as an oral hygiene tool. This study measured the amount of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) released into the mouth and assessed its retention time in saliva. The study also tested if the released amount of BITC could potentially be antibacterial or cytotoxic. Twelve subjects brushed their teeth with fresh Miswak once, twice, and four times. The amount of BITC in the saliva and in the used brushes was quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antibacterial effect of BITC and Miswak essential oil (MEO) was tested against Haemophilus influenzae, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. The cytotoxic effect on gingival fibroblasts and keratinocytes was tested using MTT. The highest amount of the active compounds was detected in saliva after using the Miswak tip for once and immediately. It significantly decreased when the Miswak tip was used more than once and thus after 10 min. The growth of the tested bacteria was inhibited by MEO and BITC in a dose dependent manner, P. gingivalis being the most sensitive. MTT assay showed that BITC and MEO were cytotoxic towards gingival fibroblasts while oral keratinocytes showed resistance. This study suggests that the Miswak tip should be cut before each use to ensure the maximum effect.
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Stefani FO, Klimaszewski J, Morency MJ, Bourdon C, Labrie P, Blais M, Venier L, Séguin A. Fungal community composition in the gut of rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from the Canadian boreal forest reveals possible endosymbiotic interactions for dietary needs. FUNGAL ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Fürstenau B, Adler C, Schulz H, Hilker M. Host Habitat Volatiles Enhance the Olfactory Response of the Larval Parasitoid Holepyris sylvanidis to Specifically Host-Associated Cues. Chem Senses 2016; 41:611-21. [PMID: 27261526 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjw065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Host foraging of parasitic wasps attacking insects living in stored food may be guided by volatile cues emanating from these postharvest products. However, little knowledge is available as to how habitat odor released from noninfested stored food affects the parasitoid's response to host-specific chemicals. In this study, we investigated the impact of wheat grist odor on the olfactory host search by the ectoparasitoid Holepyris sylvanidis This parasitoid attacks larvae of the confused flour beetle Tribolium confusum, a common pest of grain products. Olfactometer bioassays showed that female H. sylvanidis were attracted by volatiles released from host larval feces, whereas odor of noninfested wheat grist was neither attractive nor did it mask the host-indicating cues. We analyzed the odor of host larval feces and wheat grist by coupled gaschromatography-mass spectrometry and recorded the parasitoid's electroantennographic (EAG) responses to the detected volatiles. Two specifically host-associated components of the fecal odor, (E)-2-nonenal and 1-pentadecene, elicited strong EAG responses. Both components were attractive when tested individually, but less than larval feces. Attraction of parasitoids to these host-specific key compounds was enhanced by addition of (i) noninfested habitat substrate odor or (ii) a blend of 3 EAG-active (but not behaviorally active) volatiles that had been identified in odor of noninfested grist (benzaldehyde, 1-tetradecene, 1-hexadecene), but were also detected in the host fecal odor. The impact of these volatiles ubiquitously released in a food store by noninfested habitat substrate on the parasitoid's orientation to host-specific volatile cues is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Fürstenau
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Haderslebener Str. 9, 12163 Berlin, Germany and
| | - Cornel Adler
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection (ÖPV), JKI Berlin-Dahlem, Königin-Luise-Str. 19, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartwig Schulz
- Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection (ÖPV), JKI Berlin-Dahlem, Königin-Luise-Str. 19, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Hilker
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Haderslebener Str. 9, 12163 Berlin, Germany and
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12
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Shah RM, Azhar F, Shad SA, Walker WB, Azeem M, Binyameen M. Effects of different animal manures on attraction and reproductive behaviors of common house fly, Musca domestica L. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:3585-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5124-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Holighaus G, Rohlfs M. Fungal allelochemicals in insect pest management. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:5681-9. [PMID: 27147531 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between insects and fungi are widespread, and important mediators of these interactions are fungal chemicals that can therefore be considered as allelochemicals. Numerous studies suggest that fungal chemicals can affect insects in many different ways. Here, we apply the terminology established by insect-plant ecologists for categorizing the effect of fungal allelochemicals on insects and for evaluating the application potential of these chemicals in insect pest management. Our literature survey shows that fungal volatile and non-volatile chemicals have an enormous potential to influence insect behavior and fitness. Many of them still remain to be discovered, but some recent examples of repellents and toxins could open up new ways for developing safe insect control strategies. However, we also identified shortcomings in our understanding of the chemical ecology of insect-fungus interactions and the way they have been investigated. In particular, the mode-of-action of fungal allelochemicals has often not been appropriately designated or examined, and the way in which induction by insects affects fungal chemical diversity is poorly understood. This review should raise awareness that in-depth ecological studies of insect-fungus interactions can reveal novel allelochemicals of particular benefit for the development of innovative insect pest management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Holighaus
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Büsgen Institute, Forest Zoology and Forest Conservation, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marko Rohlfs
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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14
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Chemodiversity and biodiversity of fungi associated with the pine weevil Hylobius abietis. Fungal Biol 2015; 119:738-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Hung R, Lee S, Bennett JW. Fungal volatile organic compounds and their role in ecosystems. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:3395-405. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6494-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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