1
|
Zhang X, Yu L, Zhang M, Wu T, Song T, Yao Y, Zhang J, Tian J. MdWER interacts with MdERF109 and MdJAZ2 to mediate methyl jasmonate- and light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple fruit. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1327-1342. [PMID: 38319946 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanin generation in apples (Malus domestica) and the pigmentation that results from it may be caused by irradiation and through administration of methyl jasmonate (MeJA). However, their regulatory interrelationships associated with fruit coloration are not well defined. To determine whether MdERF109, a transcription factor (TF) involved in light-mediated coloration and anthocyanin biosynthesis, has synergistic effects with other proteins, we performed a yeast two-hybrid assessment and identified another TF, MdWER. MdWER was induced by MeJA treatment, and although overexpression of MdWER alone did not promote anthocyanin accumulation co-overexpression with MdERF109 resulted in significantly increase in anthocyanin biosynthesis. MdWER may form a protein complex with MdERF109 to promote anthocyanin accumulation by enhancing combinations between the proteins and their corresponding genes. In addition, MdWER, as a MeJA responsive protein, interacts with the anthocyanin repressor MdJAZ2. Transient co-expression in apple fruit and protein interaction assays allowed us to conclude that MdERF109 and MdJAZ2 interact with MdWER and take part in the production of anthocyanins upon MeJA treatment and irradiation. Our findings validate a role for the MdERF109-MdWER-MdJAZ2 module in anthocyanin biosynthesis and uncover a novel mechanism for how light and MeJA signals are coordinated anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Lujia Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjiao Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Song
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yuncong Yao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Miah MS, Farcuh M. The Expression of Key Ethylene and Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Genes of 'Honeycrisp' Apples Subjected to the Combined Use of Reflective Groundcovers and Aminoethoxyvinylglycine in the Mid-Atlantic US. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1141. [PMID: 38674550 PMCID: PMC11054659 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The decreased profitability of important apple cultivars, such as 'Honeycrisp', results from the poor red skin coloration and high fruit drop in the mid-Atlantic US. Apple red skin coloration is determined by the anthocyanin concentration. Reflective groundcovers promote red skin coloration, whereas aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) decreases the ethylene production and fruit drop, thus reducing the coloration. Although our previous study showed that combinations of these practices impact the fruit quality and color, research is lacking regarding their effects at the gene and metabolite levels. In this work, for two years, we compared the differences in the internal ethylene concentration (IEC), red skin coloration, fruit drop, transcript accumulation of key ethylene and anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway-related genes, and total anthocyanin concentration of 'Honeycrisp' apples. The fruit was treated with combinations of reflective groundcover (Extenday) and AVG (130 mg L-1) and was assessed throughout ripening. Extenday-only-treated fruit displayed the highest upregulation of ethylene and anthocyanin biosynthetic-related genes and of total anthocyanins, exceeding 50% blush, while boosting the IEC. In contrast, AVG significantly decreased the expression of key ethylene and anthocyanin biosynthetic-related genes and total anthocyanins, thus preventing apples from reaching 50% blush, while also decreasing the IEC and fruit drop. The combination of Extenday x AVG fine-tuned the transcript accumulation of ethylene and anthocyanin biosynthetic-related genes as well as the total anthocyanins, allowing the 'Honeycrisp' fruit to exceed 50% blush, while increasing the IEC moderately and reducing the fruit drop (as compared to Extenday-only and control), thus enhancing the fruit economic value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Macarena Farcuh
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Do VG, Lee Y, Kim JH, Kwon YS, Park JT, Yang S, Park J, Win NM, Kim S. The Synergistic Effects of Environmental and Genetic Factors on the Regulation of Anthocyanin Accumulation in Plant Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12946. [PMID: 37629128 PMCID: PMC10454628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanin accumulation is responsible for the coloration of apple fruit, and their accumulation depends on the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes. Light is an environmental stimulus that induces fruit color by regulating genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. In this study, the roles of light and genetic factors on fruit coloration and anthocyanin accumulation in apple fruit were investigated. Three genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, MdCHS, MdANS, and MdUFGT1, were synthesized and cloned into a viral-based expression vector system for transient expression in 'Ruby S' apple fruits. Apple fruits were agroinfiltrated with expression vectors harboring MdCHS, MdANS, and MdUFGT1. Agroinfiltrated apple fruits were then either kept in the dark (bagged fruits) or exposed to light (exposed fruits). The agroinfiltrated fruits showed significantly different coloration patterns, transcript expression levels, and anthocyanin accumulation compared to the control fruits. Moreover, these parameters were higher in exposed fruits than in bagged fruits. For stable expression, MdCHS was introduced into a binary vector under the control of the rice α-amylase 3D (RAmy3D) promoter. The ectopic overexpression of MdCHS in transgenic rice calli showed a high accumulation of anthocyanin content. Taken together, our findings suggest that light, together with the overexpression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, induced the coloration and accumulation of anthocyanin content in apple fruits by upregulating the expression of the genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Van Giap Do
- Apple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Gunwi 39000, Republic of Korea; (Y.L.); (J.-H.K.); (Y.-S.K.); (J.-T.P.); (S.Y.); (J.P.); (N.M.W.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Seonae Kim
- Apple Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Gunwi 39000, Republic of Korea; (Y.L.); (J.-H.K.); (Y.-S.K.); (J.-T.P.); (S.Y.); (J.P.); (N.M.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Y, Liu Y, Ling L, Huo W, Li Y, Xu L, Xiang L, Yang Y, Xiong X, Zhang D, Yu X, Li Y. Phenotypic, Physiological, and Molecular Response of Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum under Different Light Quality Treatments Based on Leaf Color Changes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112169. [PMID: 37299148 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Light quality is a vital environmental signal used to trigger growth and to develop structural differentiation in plants, and it influences morphological, physiological, and biochemical metabolites. In previous studies, different light qualities were found to regulate the synthesis of anthocyanin. However, the mechanism of the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins in leaves in response to light quality remains unclear. In this study, the Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum "Xiangnong Fendai" plant was treated with white light (WL), blue light (BL), ultraviolet-A light (UL), and blue light plus ultraviolet-A light (BL + UL), respectively. Under BL, the leaves were described as increasing in redness from "olive green" to "reddish-brown". The chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin, and total flavonoid content were significantly higher at 7 d than at 0 d. In addition, BL treatment also significantly increased the accumulation of soluble sugar and soluble protein. In contrast to BL, ultraviolet-A light increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the activities of three antioxidant enzymes in the leaves, including catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), in varying degrees over time. Moreover, we also found that the CRY-like gene, HY5-like gene, BBX-like gene, MYB-like gene, CHS-like gene, DFR-like gene, ANS-like gene, and UFGT-like gene were significantly upregulated. Furthermore, the SOD-like, POD-like, and CAT-like gene expressions related to antioxidase synthesis were found under ultraviolet-A light conditions. In summary, BL is more conducive to reddening the leaves of "Xiangnong Fendai" and will not lead to excessive photooxidation. This provides an effective ecological strategy for light-induced leaf-color changes, thereby promoting the ornamental and economic value of L. chinense var. rubrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lin Ling
- School of Economics, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenwen Huo
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lu Xu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lili Xiang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yujie Yang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xingyao Xiong
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture, Foshan 528225, China
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzheng, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Donglin Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Xiaoying Yu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yanlin Li
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha 410128, China
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture, Foshan 528225, China
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Changsha 410128, China
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Santin M, Simoni S, Vangelisti A, Giordani T, Cavallini A, Mannucci A, Ranieri A, Castagna A. Transcriptomic Analysis on the Peel of UV-B-Exposed Peach Fruit Reveals an Upregulation of Phenolic- and UVR8-Related Pathways. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091818. [PMID: 37176875 PMCID: PMC10180693 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
UV-B treatment deeply influences plant physiology and biochemistry, especially by activating the expression of responsive genes involved in UV-B acclimation through a UV-B-specific perception mechanism. Although the UV-B-related molecular responses have been widely studied in Arabidopsis, relatively few research reports deepen the knowledge on the influence of post-harvest UV-B treatment on fruit. In this work, a transcriptomic approach is adopted to investigate the transcriptional modifications occurring in the peel of UV-B-treated peach (Prunus persica L., cv Fairtime) fruit after harvest. Our analysis reveals a higher gene regulation after 1 h from the irradiation (88% of the differentially expressed genes-DEGs), compared to 3 h recovery. The overexpression of genes encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone syntase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), and flavonol synthase (FLS) revealed a strong activation of the phenylpropanoid pathway, resulting in the later increase in the concentration of specific flavonoid classes, e.g., anthocyanins, flavones, dihydroflavonols, and flavanones, 36 h after the treatment. Upregulation of UVR8-related genes (HY5, COP1, and RUP) suggests that UV-B-triggered activation of the UVR8 pathway occurs also in post-harvest peach fruit. In addition, a regulation of genes involved in the cell-wall dismantling process (PME) is observed. In conclusion, post-harvest UV-B exposure deeply affects the transcriptome of the peach peel, promoting the activation of genes implicated in the biosynthesis of phenolics, likely via UVR8. Thus, our results might pave the way to a possible use of post-harvest UV-B treatments to enhance the content of health-promoting compounds in peach fruits and extending the knowledge of the UVR8 gene network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Santin
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Samuel Simoni
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Vangelisti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Giordani
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood ''Nutraceuticals and Food for Health'', University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavallini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood ''Nutraceuticals and Food for Health'', University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessia Mannucci
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Annamaria Ranieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood ''Nutraceuticals and Food for Health'', University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Castagna
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood ''Nutraceuticals and Food for Health'', University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Effect of Cultivar, Plant Spacing and Harvesting Age on Yield, Characteristics, Chemical Composition, and Anthocyanin Composition of Purple Napier Grass. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010010. [PMID: 36611622 PMCID: PMC9817792 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purple Napier grass is a semi-dwarf, purple-leaved Napier grass. The purple color is anthocyanins. Anthocyanin is classified as a group of flavonoids. It has antioxidant properties. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of plant spacing and harvesting age on the forage yield, morphological characteristics, chemical composition, and anthocyanin composition of purple Napier grass. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of plant spacing and harvesting age on the forage yield, morphological characteristics, chemical composition, and anthocyanin composition of purple Napier grass when grown on a sandy soil. The cultivars were Napier Pakchong 1 (Pennisetum purpureum × Pennisetum americanum cv. Pakchong 1) and purple Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum “Prince”), with plant spacings of 50 × 50, 50 × 75, and 75 × 75 cm, and the harvesting ages were 45, 60, and 75 days. The experiment was a 2 × 3 × 3 factorial layout in a randomized complete block design with four replications, for a total of 72 plots, each 5 × 5 m. The purple Napier grass had a higher number of tillers per plant than the Napier Pakchong 1 grass. The LSR value (leaf/stem ratio) was influenced by the interaction of cultivar × plant spacing × harvesting age. The purple Napier grass planted at 75 × 75 cm for 45 days had the highest LSR value. The crude protein of the purple Napier grass, the grass planted at 75 × 75 cm, and the grass for 45 days were significantly higher than the other treatments. The purple Napier grass planted at 75 × 75 cm for 45 days had the highest (p < 0.05) anthocyanin content. It was concluded that purple Napier grass planted at 75 × 75 cm for 45 days would contain the proper number of tillers per plant, LSR value, chemical composition for ruminants, and the highest anthocyanin composition.
Collapse
|
7
|
Luo B, Chen L, Chen G, Wang Y, Xie Q, Chen X, Hu Z. Transcription and Metabolism Pathways of Anthocyanin in Purple Shamrock ( Oxalis triangularis A.St.-Hil.). Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121290. [PMID: 36557327 PMCID: PMC9784199 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments that can impart various colors to plants. Purple shamrock (Oxalis triangularis) possesses unique ornamental value due to its purple leaves. In this study, three anthocyanins, including malvidin 3-O-(4-O-(6-O-malonyl-glucopyranoside)-rhamnopyranosyl)-5-O-(6-O-malonyl-glucopyranoside), delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside and malvidin-3,5-di-O-glucoside, were characterized with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) in purple shamrock. To investigate the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in green shamrock (Oxalis corymbosa) and purple shamrock, RNA-seq and qRT-PCR were performed, and the results showed that most of the anthocyanin biosynthetic and regulatory genes were up-regulated in purple shamrock. Then, dark treatment and low temperature treatment experiments in purple shamrock showed that both light and low temperature can induce the biosynthesis of anthocyanins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baobing Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Liujun Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Guoping Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yunshu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qiaoli Xie
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xuqing Chen
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (Z.H.); Tel.: +86-1051503868 (X.C.); +86-13996265017 (Z.H.)
| | - Zongli Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (Z.H.); Tel.: +86-1051503868 (X.C.); +86-13996265017 (Z.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yu J, Qiu K, Sun W, Yang T, Wu T, Song T, Zhang J, Yao Y, Tian J. A long noncoding RNA functions in high-light-induced anthocyanin accumulation in apple by activating ethylene synthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:66-83. [PMID: 35148400 PMCID: PMC9070812 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin production in apple (Malus domestica) fruit and their consequent coloration can be induced by high-light treatment. The hormone ethylene is also essential for this coloration, but the regulatory relationships that link ethylene and light with anthocyanin-associated coloration are not well defined. In this study, we observed that high-light treatment of apple fruit increased anthocyanin accumulation more than moderate-light treatment did and was the main contributor of induced ethylene production and activation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. A transcriptome study of light-treated apple fruit suggested that a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), MdLNC610, the corresponding gene of which is physically located downstream from the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxygenase (ACO) ethylene biosynthesis gene MdACO1, likely affects anthocyanin biosynthesis under high-light treatment. Expression and promoter β-glucuronidase reporter analyses further showed that MdLNC610 upregulates expression of MdACO1 and so likely participates in high-light-induced ethylene biosynthesis. Overexpression of MdACO1 and MdLNC610 in apple fruit and calli indicated that a major increase in MdLNC610 expression activates MdACO1 expression, thereby causing an increase in ethylene production and anthocyanin levels. These results suggest that MdLNC610 participates in the regulation of high-light-induced anthocyanin production by functioning as a positive regulator to promote MdACO1 expression and ethylene biosynthesis. Our study provides insights into the relationship between mRNA and lncRNA networks in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway and anthocyanin accumulation in apple fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tuo Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Song
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Monitoring Apricot ( Prunus armeniaca L.) Ripening Progression through Candidate Gene Expression Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094575. [PMID: 35562966 PMCID: PMC9105867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at the monitoring of the apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) ripening progression through the expression analysis of 25 genes related to fruit quality traits in nine cultivars with great differences in fruit color and ripening date. The level of pigment compounds, such as anthocyanins and carotenoids, is a key factor in food taste, and is responsible for the reddish blush color or orange skin and flesh color in apricot fruit, which are desirable quality traits in apricot breeding programs. The construction of multiple linear regression models to predict anthocyanins and carotenoids content from gene expression allows us to evaluate which genes have the strongest influence over fruit color, as these candidate genes are key during biosynthetic pathways or gene expression regulation, and are responsible for the final fruit phenotype. We propose the gene CHS as the main predictor for anthocyanins content, CCD4 and ZDS for carotenoids content, and LOX2 and MADS-box for the beginning and end of the ripening process in apricot fruit. All these genes could be applied as RNA markers to monitoring the ripening stage and estimate the anthocyanins and carotenoids content in apricot fruit during the ripening process.
Collapse
|
10
|
Ding R, Che X, Shen Z, Zhang Y. Metabolome and transcriptome profiling provide insights into green apple peel reveals light- and UV-B-responsive pathway in anthocyanins accumulation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:351. [PMID: 34303342 PMCID: PMC8305501 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In nature, green apple are associated with the accumulation of chlorophyll, while red apple varieties are associated with anthocyanins accumulation. Notably, in this study, the green skin color apple variety 'white winter pearmain' treated with ultraviolet-B (UV-B) exhibited red skins and marked anthocyanin accumulation, while visible light could not. But there are few reports on the biosynthesis difference of anthocyanins in green apple by visible light and UV-B-treatment. Here, we explored the difference of metabolites and genes expression level in green apple by transcriptomic and metabolic. RESULTS The metabolic analysis revealed that there were 152 and 178 significantly changed metabolites in the visible light and UV-B-treated green apple, respectively, compared to the control, and flavone, flavonol, and anthocyanin were the most significantly increased; and transcriptomic analysis showed that 37,110 and 37,709 differentially expressed genes, including 382 and 475 transcription factors (TFs) were detected in light and UV-B-treatment fruit, respectively. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) results confirmed changes in the expression levels of genes encoding metabolites involved in the flavonoid synthesis pathways. The flavonoid metabolic flux in the UV-B treatment increased the accumulation of cyanidin 3-glucoside and cyanidin 3, 5-diglucoside compared to under the light-treatment. Furthermore, we performed qRT-PCR analysis of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes and predicted the gene of MD00G1134400 (a UDP glucose-flavonoid 3-0-glucosyltransferase) may be a candidate gene for anthocyanins accumulation and highly expressed in UV-B-treatment fruit. Expression profiles of several transcription factors of the families MYB, bHLH, NAC were highly correlated with the content of the anthocyanin. CONCLUSIONS The composition and contents of anthocyanins in green apple in UV-B-treatment very greatly. A series of metabolites and candidate genes were revealed through combined analysis of metabolome and transcriptome. These results provide an important data for dissecting candidate genes and molecular basis governing green apple color formation in response to visible light and UV-B light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xingkai Che
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Zhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Yuanhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fiol A, García-Gómez BE, Jurado-Ruiz F, Alexiou K, Howad W, Aranzana MJ. Characterization of Japanese Plum ( Prunus salicina) PsMYB10 Alleles Reveals Structural Variation and Polymorphisms Correlating With Fruit Skin Color. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:655267. [PMID: 34168666 PMCID: PMC8217863 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.655267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The red to blue hue of plant organs is caused due to anthocyanins, which are water-soluble flavonoid pigments. The accumulation of these pigments is regulated by a complex of R2R3-MYB transcription factors (TFs), basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH), and WD-repeat (WDR) proteins (MBW complex). In Rosaceae species, R2R3-MYBs, particularly MYB10 genes, are responsible for part of the natural variation in anthocyanin colors. Japanese plum cultivars, which are hybrids of Prunus salicina, have high variability in the color hue and pattern, going from yellow-green to red and purple-blue, probably as a result of the interspecific hybridization origin of the crop. Because of such variability, Japanese plum can be considered as an excellent model to study the color determination in Rosaceae fruit tree species. Here, we cloned and characterized the alleles of the PsMYB10 genes in the linkage group LG3 region where quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the organ color have been mapped to other Prunus species. Allele segregation in biparental populations as well as in a panel of varieties, combined with the whole-genome sequence of two varieties with contrasting fruit color, allowed the organization of the MYB10 alleles into haplotypes. With the help of this strategy, alleles were assigned to genes and at least three copies of PsMYB10.1 were identified in some varieties. In total, we observed six haplotypes, which were able to characterize 91.36% of the cultivars. In addition, two alleles of PsMYB10.1 were found to be highly associated with anthocyanin and anthocyanin-less skin. Their expression during the fruit development confirms their role in the fruit skin coloration. Here, we provide a highly efficient molecular marker for the early selection of colored or non-colored fruits in Japanese plum breeding programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Fiol
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz E. García-Gómez
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federico Jurado-Ruiz
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Konstantinos Alexiou
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Werner Howad
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria José Aranzana
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim MJ, Kim P, Chen Y, Chen B, Yang J, Liu X, Kawabata S, Wang Y, Li Y. Blue and UV-B light synergistically induce anthocyanin accumulation by co-activating nitrate reductase gene expression in Anthocyanin fruit (Aft) tomato. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23 Suppl 1:210-220. [PMID: 32492761 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The tomato accession LA1996, which carries a dominant allele of anthocyanin fruit (Aft) locus, accumulates anthocyanins in the epidermis of fruits when exposed to sunlight. The involvement of blue, UV-A, UV-B and a combination of these wavelengths on anthocyanin accumulation and the molecular mechanism of their regulation was investigated in LA1996. The most effective treatment for inducing anthocyanin biosynthesis in Aft fruits was co-irradiation with blue and UV-B (blue + UV-B) light. Finding the correlated genes is an important approach towards understanding their molecular mechanisms. In the present study, the nitrate reductase (NR) gene SlNIA was isolated using RNA-seq profiling of Aft fruits given different light treatments. The functions of NR-mediated anthocyanin induction by blue + UV-B were confirmed using a series of chemical treatments, followed by assessment of NR activity and nitric oxide (NO) detection. The expression of NR was highly induced by blue + UV-B, and this specificity was also confirmed with the enzyme activity of NR and the NO concentration. The NR inhibitors, which reduce NO generation, the expression levels of anthocyanin related genes and decreased anthocyanin accumulation in LA1996. Our results suggest that NR plays a key role in blue + UV-B-mediated anthocyanin accumulation in LA1996 fruits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M-J Kim
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - P Kim
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
- Institute of Biotechnology, Wonsan University of Agriculture, Wonsan, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Y Chen
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - B Chen
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - J Yang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - X Liu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - S Kawabata
- Institute for Sustainable Agroecosystem Services, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Y Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yang T, Ma H, Zhang J, Wu T, Song T, Tian J, Yao Y. Systematic identification of long noncoding RNAs expressed during light-induced anthocyanin accumulation in apple fruit. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:572-590. [PMID: 31344284 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin pigments contribute to the red color of apple (Malus × domestica) fruit and have a major influence on their ornamental, dietary and market value. In this study, we investigated the potential role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in anthocyanin biosynthesis. RNA-seq analysis of apple peels from the 'Red Fuji' cultivar during light-induced rapid anthocyanin accumulation revealed 5297 putative lncRNAs. Differential expression analysis further showed that lncRNAs were induced during light treatment and were involved in photosynthesis. Using the miRNA-lncRNA-mRNA network and endogenous target mimic (eTM) analysis, we predicted that two differentially expressed lncRNAs, MLNC3.2 and MLNC4.6, were potential eTMs for miRNA156a and promoted the expression of the SPL2-like and SPL33 transcription factors. Transient expression in apple fruit and stable transformation of apple callus showed that overexpression of the eTMs and SPLs promoted anthocyanin accumulation, with the opposite results in eTM and SPL-silenced fruit. Silencing or overexpressing of miR156a also affected the expression of the identified eTMs and SPLs. These results indicated that MLNC3.2 and MLNC4.6 function as eTMs for miR156a and prevent cleavage of SPL2-like and SPL33 by miR156a during light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. Our study provides fundamental insights into lncRNA involvement in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in apple fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education (Beijing University of Agriculture), Beijing, China
| | - Huaying Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education (Beijing University of Agriculture), Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education (Beijing University of Agriculture), Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Song
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education (Beijing University of Agriculture), Beijing, China
| | - Yuncong Yao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education (Beijing University of Agriculture), Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ma C, Liang B, Chang B, Yan J, Liu L, Wang Y, Yang Y, Zhao Z. Transcriptome profiling of anthocyanin biosynthesis in the peel of 'Granny Smith' apples (Malus domestica) after bag removal. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:353. [PMID: 31072309 PMCID: PMC6507055 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5730-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bagging is commonly used to enhance red pigmentation and thereby improve fruit quality of apples (Malus domestica). The green-skinned apple cultivar ‘Granny Smith’ develops red pigmentation after bagging removal, but the signal transduction pathways mediating light-induced anthocyanin accumulation in apple peel are yet to be defined. The aim of this study was to identify the mechanisms underpinning red pigmentation in ‘Granny Smith’ after bag removal based on transcriptome sequencing. Results The anthocyanin content in apple peel increased considerably after bag removal, while only trace amounts of anthocyanins were present in the peel of unbagged and bagged fruits. RNA sequencing identified 18,152 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among unbagged, bagged, and bag-removed fruits at 0, 4, and 10 days after bag removal. The DEGs were implicated in light signal perception and transduction, plant hormone signal transduction, and antioxidant systems. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis of DEGs generated a module of 23 genes highly correlated with anthocyanin content. The deletion of − 2026 to − 1870 bp and − 1062 to − 964 bp regions of the MdMYB1 (LOC103444202) promoter induced a significant decrease in glucuronidase activity and anthocyanin accumulation in apple peel. Conclusions Bagging treatment can induce red pigmentation in ‘Granny Smith’ via altering the expression patterns of genes involved in crucial signal transduction and biochemical metabolic pathways. The − 2026 to − 1870 bp and − 1062 to − 964 bp regions of the MdMYB1 promoter are essential for MdMYB1-mediated regulation of anthocyanin accumulation in the ‘Granny Smith’ apple cultivar. The findings presented here provide insight into the mechanisms of coloration in the peel of ‘Granny Smith’ and other non-red apple cultivars. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5730-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Research Center of Apple Engineering and Technology, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bowen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Research Center of Apple Engineering and Technology, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiuying Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Research Center of Apple Engineering and Technology, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Research Center of Apple Engineering and Technology, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Research Center of Apple Engineering and Technology, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yazhou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Research Center of Apple Engineering and Technology, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhengyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. .,Shaanxi Research Center of Apple Engineering and Technology, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Transcriptional Regulation by DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-Deoxycytidine Enhancing Red Pigmentation in Bagged "Granny Smith" Apples ( Malus domestica). Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103133. [PMID: 30322020 PMCID: PMC6213223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The red color of apples (Malus domestica) is an attractive trait for consumers. The green skinned "Granny Smith" cultivar develops red pigmentation after bagging treatment. DNA methylation plays an important role in various developmental processes in plants. To explore the possible functions of DNA methylation in the pigmentation of bagged "Granny Smith" apples, we first analyzed the anthocyanin content of fruit skin following treatment with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC). The results revealed an increase in anthocyanin content in bagged fruits following 5-aza-dC treatment, while no anthocyanins were detected in unbagged fruits. In addition, 8482 differentially expressed genes between 5-aza-dC-treated and control groups were identified in bagged fruits by RNA sequencing, including genes encoding transcription factors, enzymes related to anthocyanin accumulation, and methylases. Changes in the expression of these genes may be responsible for 5-aza-dC-induced red pigmentation in bagged fruits of "Granny Smith". The findings provide novel evidence for the involvement of DNA methylation in the red pigmentation of non-red-skinned apples.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang Y, Jiang L, Li Y, Chen Q, Ye Y, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Sun B, Wang X, Tang H. Effect of Red and Blue Light on Anthocyanin Accumulation and Differential Gene Expression in Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). Molecules 2018; 23:E820. [PMID: 29614032 PMCID: PMC6017741 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Light conditions can cause quantitative and qualitative changes in anthocyanin. However, little is known about the underlying mechanism of light quality-regulated anthocyanin accumulation in fruits. In this study, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were applied to explore the effect of red and blue light on strawberry coloration. The results showed contents of total anthocyanins (TA), pelargonidin 3-glucoside (Pg3G) and pelargonidin 3-malonylglucoside (Pg3MG) significantly increased after blue and red light treatment. Pg3G was the major anthocyanin component in strawberry fruits, accounting for more than 80% of TA, whereas Pg3MG accounted for a smaller proportion. Comparative transcriptome analysis was conducted using libraries from the treated strawberries. A total of 1402, 5034, and 3764 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in three pairwise comparisons (red light versus white light, RL-VS-WL; blue light versus white light, BL-VS-WL; blue light versus red light, BL-VS-RL), respectively. Photoreceptors and light transduction components remained dynamic to up-regulate the expression of regulatory factors and structural genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis under red and white light, whereas most genes had low expression levels that were not consistent with the highest total anthocyanin content under blue light. Therefore, the results indicated that light was an essential environmental factor for anthocyanin biosynthesis before the anthocyanin concentration reached saturation in strawberry fruits, and blue light could quickly stimulate the accumulation of anthocyanin in the fruit. In addition, red light might contribute to the synthesis of proanthocyanidins by inducing LAR and ANR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Leiyu Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yali Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yuntian Ye
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Bo Sun
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Henry-Kirk RA, Plunkett B, Hall M, McGhie T, Allan AC, Wargent JJ, Espley RV. Solar UV light regulates flavonoid metabolism in apple (Malus x domestica). PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:675-688. [PMID: 29315644 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B light (UV-B) is one environmental signal perceived by plants that affects the flavonoid pathway and influences the levels of anthocyanins, flavonols, and proanthocyanidins. To understand the mechanisms underlying UV exposure, apple trees were grown under spectral filters that altered transmission of solar UV light. Fruit analysis showed that UV induced changes in physiology, metabolism, and gene expression levels during development over a season. These changes were sustained after storage. Under low UV, ripening was delayed, fruit size decreased, and anthocyanin and flavonols were reduced. Expression analysis showed changes in response to UV light levels for genes in the regulation and biosynthesis of anthocyanin and flavonols. Transcription of flavonol synthase (FLS), ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), MYB10, and MYB22 were down-regulated throughout fruit development under reduced UV. Functional testing showed that the FLS promoter was activated by HY5, and this response was enhanced by the presence of MYB22. The MYB22 promoter can also be activated by the anthocyanin regulator, MYB10. As ambient levels of UV light vary around the globe, this study has implications for future crop production, the quality of which can be determined by the response to UV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Henry-Kirk
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag, 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Blue Plunkett
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag, 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Miriam Hall
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag, 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tony McGhie
- Plant and Food Research, Palmerston North Research Centre, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag, 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jason J Wargent
- Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag, 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bai S, Sun Y, Qian M, Yang F, Ni J, Tao R, Li L, Shu Q, Zhang D, Teng Y. Transcriptome analysis of bagging-treated red Chinese sand pear peels reveals light-responsive pathway functions in anthocyanin accumulation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:63. [PMID: 28246400 PMCID: PMC5428347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00069-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Bagging is an efficient method to improve fruit colour development. This work reported a transcriptome analysis using bagging-treated red Chinese sand pear peels. In total, 8,870 differentially expressed genes were further analysed by a weighted gene co-expression network analysis and early-, middle- and late light-responsive genes were identified. An annotation analysis revealed several pathways involved in the different responsive stages. The presence of LONG HYPOCOTLY 5, CRY-DASH and a CONSTANS-like transcription factors among the early light-responsive genes indicated the pivotal role of light, especially blue light, in the biological changes that occurred after bag removal. Other light-responsive transcription factors were also identified from the three light-responsive stages. In addition, the light-responsive pattern of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes differed among the biosynthetic steps. Although yeast-one hybrid assay showed that most of the structural genes were regulated by PpMYB10, their different temporal expressive pattern suggested that besides PpMYB10, other light-responsive transcriptional factors were also involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. In summary, our transcriptome analysis provides knowledge of the transcriptional regulatory network operating during light responses, which results in anthocyanin accumulation and other significant physiological changes in red Chinese sand pear peels after bag removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songling Bai
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongwang Sun
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjie Qian
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxia Yang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junbei Ni
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiyan Tao
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Horticulture, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Shu
- Institute of Horticulture, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanwen Teng
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
He C, Zhang G, Zhang J, Zeng Y, Liu J. Integrated analysis of multiomic data reveals the role of the antioxidant network in the quality of sea buckthorn berry. FASEB J 2017; 31:1929-1938. [PMID: 28126735 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600974r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Berries of sea buckthorn, known as the "king of vitamin C," are abundant in antioxidants, have attractive colors, and are an excellent material with which to study the relationships between berry color, antioxidants, and berry quality. No study has yet determined the molecular basis of the relationship between sea buckhorn berries and their color and antioxidant levels. By using RNA-seq, LC-MS/MS, and LC/GC-MS technology and selecting red (darkest colored) and yellow (lightest colored) sea buckthorn berries at different development stages, this study showed that the red and yellow berry resulted from a higher ratio of lycopene to β-carotene and of β-carotene to lycopene content, respectively. The uronic acid pathway-a known animal pathway-in ascorbic acid synthesis was found in sea buckthorn berries, and the higher expression of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase in red berries was consistent with the higher content of ascorbic acid. In summary, multiomic data showed that the color of sea buckthorn berries is mainly determined by β-carotene and lycopene; red sea buckthorn berries were richer than yellow berries in antioxidants, such as carotenoids, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid; and the animal pathway might be operating in sea buckthorn.-He, C., Zhang, G., Zhang, J., Zeng, Y., Liu, J. Integrated analysis of multiomic data reveals the role of the antioxidant network in the quality of sea buckthorn berry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun He
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China; and
| | - Guoyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China; and
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China; and .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanfei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China; and
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China; and
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jin W, Wang H, Li M, Wang J, Yang Y, Zhang X, Yan G, Zhang H, Liu J, Zhang K. The R2R3 MYB transcription factor PavMYB10.1 involves in anthocyanin biosynthesis and determines fruit skin colour in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:2120-2133. [PMID: 27107393 PMCID: PMC5095807 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Sweet cherry is a diploid tree species and its fruit skin has rich colours from yellow to blush to dark red. The colour is closely related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and is mainly regulated at the transcriptional level by transcription factors that regulate the expression of multiple structural genes. However, the genetic and molecular bases of how these genes ultimately determine the fruit skin colour traits remain poorly understood. Here, our genetic and molecular evidences identified the R2R3 MYB transcription factor PavMYB10.1 that is involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway and determines fruit skin colour in sweet cherry. Interestingly, we identified three functional alleles of the gene causally leading to the different colours at mature stage. Meanwhile, our experimental results of yeast two-hybrid assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that PavMYB10.1 might interact with proteins PavbHLH and PavWD40, and bind to the promoter regions of the anthocyanin biosynthesis genes PavANS and PavUFGT; these findings provided to a certain extent mechanistic insight into the gene's functions. Additionally, genetic and molecular evidences confirmed that PavMYB10.1 is a reliable DNA molecular marker to select fruit skin colour in sweet cherry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanmei Jin
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Maofu Li
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Guohua Yan
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jiashen Liu
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Kaichun Zhang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Reuscher S, Fukao Y, Morimoto R, Otagaki S, Oikawa A, Isuzugawa K, Shiratake K. Quantitative Proteomics-Based Reconstruction and Identification of Metabolic Pathways and Membrane Transport Proteins Related to Sugar Accumulation in Developing Fruits of Pear (Pyrus communis). PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:505-18. [PMID: 26755692 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
During their 6 month development, pear (Pyrus communis) fruits undergo drastic changes in their morphology and their chemical composition. To gain a better understanding of the metabolic pathways and transport processes active during fruit development, we performed a time-course analysis using mass spectrometry (MS)-based protein identification and quantification of fruit flesh tissues. After pre-fractionation of the samples, 2,841 proteins were identified. A principal component analysis (PCA) separated the samples from seven developmental stages into three distinct clusters representing the early, mid and late developmental phase. Over-representation analysis of proteins characteristic of each developmental phase revealed both expected and novel biological processes relevant at each phase. A high abundance of aquaporins was detected in samples from fruits in the cell expansion stage. We were able quantitatively to reconstruct basic metabolic pathways such as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, which indicates sufficient coverage to reconstruct other metabolic pathways. Most of the enzymes that presumably contribute to sugar accumulation in pear fruits could be identified. Our data indicate that invertases do not play a major role in the sugar conversions in developing pear fruits. Rather, sucrose might be broken down by sucrose synthases. Further focusing on sugar transporters, we identified several putative sugar transporters from diverse families which showed developmental regulation. In conclusion, our data set comprehensively describes the proteome of developing pear fruits and provides novel insights about sugar accumulation as well as candidate genes for key reactions and transport steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Reuscher
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Yoichiro Fukao
- College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577 Japan
| | - Reina Morimoto
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Shungo Otagaki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Akira Oikawa
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, 997-8555 Japan RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Kanji Isuzugawa
- Yamagata Integrated Agricultural Research Center, Sagae, 999-7601 Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Shiratake
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shiratake K, Suzuki M. Omics studies of citrus, grape and rosaceae fruit trees. BREEDING SCIENCE 2016; 66:122-38. [PMID: 27069397 PMCID: PMC4780796 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.66.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent advance of bioinformatics and analytical apparatuses such as next generation DNA sequencer (NGS) and mass spectrometer (MS) has brought a big wave of comprehensive study to biology. Comprehensive study targeting all genes, transcripts (RNAs), proteins, metabolites, hormones, ions or phenotypes is called genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, hormonomics, ionomics or phenomics, respectively. These omics are powerful approaches to identify key genes for important traits, to clarify events of physiological mechanisms and to reveal unknown metabolic pathways in crops. Recently, the use of omics approach has increased dramatically in fruit tree research. Although the most reported omics studies on fruit trees are transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, and a few is reported on hormonomics and ionomics. In this article, we reviewed recent omics studies of major fruit trees, i.e. citrus, grapevine and rosaceae fruit trees. The effectiveness and prospects of omics in fruit tree research will as well be highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Shiratake
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University,
Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601,
Japan
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
| | - Mami Suzuki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University,
Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601,
Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Qu D, Yan F, Meng R, Jiang X, Yang H, Gao Z, Dong Y, Yang Y, Zhao Z. Identification of MicroRNAs and Their Targets Associated with Fruit-Bagging and Subsequent Sunlight Re-exposure in the "Granny Smith" Apple Exocarp Using High-Throughput Sequencing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:27. [PMID: 26870053 PMCID: PMC4734179 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Bagged fruits of green apple cultivar "Granny Smith" have been found to turn cardinal red after debagging during fruit-ripening in the Loess Plateau region of China. To understand this phenomenon at post-transcriptional level, we have investigated the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in response to debagging. Three small RNA libraries were primarily constructed from peels of "Granny Smith" apples subjected to bagging followed by sunlight re-exposure treatments (0, 6 h, 1 day) (debagging), and from peels of apples without any bagging treatments (0, 6 h, 1 day). 201 known miRNAs belonging to 43 miRNA families and 220 novel miRNAs were identified via high-throughput sequencing. Some miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed after debagging, which indicated that miRNAs affected anthocyanin accumulation through their target genes in mature apple. To further explore the effect of debagging on miRNAs regulating the expression of anthocyanin regulatory genes, four miRNAs and their target genes regulating anthocyanin accumulation, miR156, miR828, miR858, and miR5072, were compared between green cultivar "Granny Smith" and red cultivar "Starkrimson." Results showed that mdm-miR828 and mdm-miR858 regulated anthocyanin contents in both apple cultivars, while mdm-miR156 only affected anthocyanin accumulation in "Granny Smith," and miR5072 affected anthocyanin accumulation in "Starkrimson." Additional analysis of gene ontology for the differentially expressed miRNAs after debagging treatments and their predicted target genes showed that they were involved in photo-protective response after debagging from 0 h to 1 day; they might play important roles in fruit development and adaptation to high light stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Qu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Fei Yan
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources, Shaanxi University of TechnologyHanzhong, China
| | - Rui Meng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Huijuan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Ziyi Gao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Yonghui Dong
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot, Israel
| | - Yazhou Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Zhengyang Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Apple E&T Research Centre of Shaanxi ProvinceYangling, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengyang Zhao ;
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fang ZZ, Zhou DR, Ye XF, Jiang CC, Pan SL. Identification of Candidate Anthocyanin-Related Genes by Transcriptomic Analysis of 'Furongli' Plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) during Fruit Ripening Using RNA-Seq. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1338. [PMID: 27630660 PMCID: PMC5005409 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are important pigments and are responsible for red coloration in plums. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin accumulation in plum fruits. In this study, the RNA-seq technique was used to analyze the transcriptomic changes during fruit ripening in the red-fleshed plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) cultivar 'Furongli'. Over 161 million high-quality reads were assembled into 52,093 unigenes and 49.4% of these were annotated using public databases. Of these, 25,681 unigenes had significant hits to the sequences in the NCBI Nr database, 17,203 unigenes showed significant similarity to known proteins in the Swiss-Prot database and 5816 and 8585 unigenes had significant similarity to existing sequences in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and the Cluster of Orthologous Groups databases, respectively. A total of 3548 unigenes were differentially expressed during fruit ripening and 119 of these were annotated as involved in "biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites." Biological pathway analysis and gene ontology term enrichment analysis revealed that 13 differentially expressed genes are involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Furthermore, transcription factors such as MYB and bHLH, which may control anthocyanin biosynthesis, were identified through coexpression analysis of transcription factors, and structural genes. Real-time qPCR analysis of candidate genes showed good correlation with the transcriptome data. These results contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis in plum flesh. The transcriptomic data generated in this study provide a basis for further studies of fruit ripening in plum.
Collapse
|
25
|
Storch TT, Pegoraro C, Finatto T, Quecini V, Rombaldi CV, Girardi CL. Identification of a novel reference gene for apple transcriptional profiling under postharvest conditions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120599. [PMID: 25774904 PMCID: PMC4361542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverse Transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is one of the most important techniques for gene expression profiling due to its high sensibility and reproducibility. However, the reliability of the results is highly dependent on data normalization, performed by comparisons between the expression profiles of the genes of interest against those of constitutively expressed, reference genes. Although the technique is widely used in fruit postharvest experiments, the transcription stability of reference genes has not been thoroughly investigated under these experimental conditions. Thus, we have determined the transcriptional profile, under these conditions, of three genes commonly used as reference—ACTIN (MdACT), PROTEIN DISULPHIDE ISOMERASE (MdPDI) and UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING ENZYME E2 (MdUBC)—along with two novel candidates—HISTONE 1 (MdH1) and NUCLEOSSOME ASSEMBLY 1 PROTEIN (MdNAP1). The expression profile of the genes was investigated throughout five experiments, with three of them encompassing the postharvest period and the other two, consisting of developmental and spatial phases. The transcriptional stability was comparatively investigated using four distinct software packages: BestKeeper, NormFinder, geNorm and DataAssist. Gene ranking results for transcriptional stability were similar for the investigated software packages, with the exception of BestKeeper. The classic reference gene MdUBC ranked among the most stably transcribed in all investigated experimental conditions. Transcript accumulation profiles for the novel reference candidate gene MdH1 were stable throughout the tested conditions, especially in experiments encompassing the postharvest period. Thus, our results present a novel reference gene for postharvest experiments in apple and reinforce the importance of checking the transcription profile of reference genes under the experimental conditions of interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Timm Storch
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Camila Pegoraro
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil
| | - Taciane Finatto
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil
| | - Vera Quecini
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil
| | | | - César Luis Girardi
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Agarwal P, Parida SK, Mahto A, Das S, Mathew IE, Malik N, Tyagi AK. Expanding frontiers in plant transcriptomics in aid of functional genomics and molecular breeding. Biotechnol J 2014; 9:1480-92. [PMID: 25349922 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The transcript pool of a plant part, under any given condition, is a collection of mRNAs that will pave the way for a biochemical reaction of the plant to stimuli. Over the past decades, transcriptome study has advanced from Northern blotting to RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), through other techniques, of which real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and microarray are the most significant ones. The questions being addressed by such studies have also matured from a solitary process to expression atlas and marker-assisted genetic enhancement. Not only genes and their networks involved in various developmental processes of plant parts have been elucidated, but also stress tolerant genes have been highlighted. The transcriptome of a plant with altered expression of a target gene has given information about the downstream genes. Marker information has been used for breeding improved varieties. Fortunately, the data generated by transcriptome analysis has been made freely available for ample utilization and comparison. The review discusses this wide variety of transcriptome data being generated in plants, which includes developmental stages, abiotic and biotic stress, effect of altered gene expression, as well as comparative transcriptomics, with a special emphasis on microarray and RNA-seq. Such data can be used to determine the regulatory gene networks, which can subsequently be utilized for generating improved plant varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pinky Agarwal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li X, Uddin MR, Park WT, Kim YB, Seo JM, Kim SJ, Nou IS, Lee J, Kim H, Park SU. Accumulation of anthocyanin and related genes expression during the development of cabbage seedlings. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
28
|
Zoratti L, Karppinen K, Luengo Escobar A, Häggman H, Jaakola L. Light-controlled flavonoid biosynthesis in fruits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:534. [PMID: 25346743 PMCID: PMC4191440 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Light is one of the most important environmental factors affecting flavonoid biosynthesis in plants. The absolute dependency of light to the plant development has driven evolvement of sophisticated mechanisms to sense and transduce multiple aspects of the light signal. Light effects can be categorized in photoperiod (duration), intensity (quantity), direction and quality (wavelength) including UV-light. Recently, new information has been achieved on the regulation of light-controlled flavonoid biosynthesis in fruits, in which flavonoids have a major contribution on quality. This review focuses on the effects of the different light conditions on the control of flavonoid biosynthesis in fruit producing plants. An overview of the currently known mechanisms of the light-controlled flavonoid accumulation is provided. R2R3 MYB transcription factors are known to regulate by differential expression the biosynthesis of distinct flavonoids in response to specific light wavelengths. Despite recent advances, many gaps remain to be understood in the mechanisms of the transduction pathway of light-controlled flavonoid biosynthesis. A better knowledge on these regulatory mechanisms is likely to be useful for breeding programs aiming to modify fruit flavonoid pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zoratti
- Department of Biology, University of OuluOulu, Finland
| | | | - Ana Luengo Escobar
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de la FronteraTemuco, Chile
| | - Hely Häggman
- Department of Biology, University of OuluOulu, Finland
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Climate laboratory Holt, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsø, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Bioforsk Nord HoltTromsø, Norway
- *Correspondence: Laura Jaakola, Climate laboratory Holt, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Holtveien 62, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zoratti L, Karppinen K, Luengo Escobar A, Häggman H, Jaakola L. Light-controlled flavonoid biosynthesis in fruits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:534. [PMID: 25346743 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.005341996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Light is one of the most important environmental factors affecting flavonoid biosynthesis in plants. The absolute dependency of light to the plant development has driven evolvement of sophisticated mechanisms to sense and transduce multiple aspects of the light signal. Light effects can be categorized in photoperiod (duration), intensity (quantity), direction and quality (wavelength) including UV-light. Recently, new information has been achieved on the regulation of light-controlled flavonoid biosynthesis in fruits, in which flavonoids have a major contribution on quality. This review focuses on the effects of the different light conditions on the control of flavonoid biosynthesis in fruit producing plants. An overview of the currently known mechanisms of the light-controlled flavonoid accumulation is provided. R2R3 MYB transcription factors are known to regulate by differential expression the biosynthesis of distinct flavonoids in response to specific light wavelengths. Despite recent advances, many gaps remain to be understood in the mechanisms of the transduction pathway of light-controlled flavonoid biosynthesis. A better knowledge on these regulatory mechanisms is likely to be useful for breeding programs aiming to modify fruit flavonoid pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zoratti
- Department of Biology, University of Oulu Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Ana Luengo Escobar
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de la Frontera Temuco, Chile
| | - Hely Häggman
- Department of Biology, University of Oulu Oulu, Finland
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Climate laboratory Holt, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø, Norway ; Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Bioforsk Nord Holt Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|