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Chronopoulou S, Tsochantaridis I, Tokamani M, Kokkinopliti KD, Tsomakidis P, Giannakakis A, Galanis A, Pappa A, Sandaltzopoulos R. Expression and purification of human interferon alpha 2a (IFNα2a) in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2023; 211:106339. [PMID: 37467825 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Human interferon alpha 2a (IFNα2a) is a secreted glycoprotein that exerts a wide spectrum of biological effects, such as triggering of antiviral, antitumor and immunosuppressive responses. IFNα2a is used as pharmaceutical polypeptide in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, chronic myelogenous leukemia, advanced renal cell carcinoma, and metastatic malignant melanoma. So far, the pharmaceutical polypeptide of this cytokine is produced in prokaryotic expression systems (E. coli). Here we report the expression and purification of recombinant human IFNα2a in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. The cDNA encoding for human IFNα2a, modified to bear the P. pastoris codon bias, was cloned into the pPinkα-HC vector in order to be expressed as a secreted protein upon induction. Proper expression and secretion of recombinant human IFNα2a (approximately 19 kDa) was confirmed by PCR-sequencing, SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis following methanol-induced expression in a number of individual transformed strains. Purification of the recombinant protein was performed by affinity chromatography, achieving a robust yield of purified active form. The purified recombinant protein showed an impressive stability to thermal denaturation as observed by Differential Scanning Fluorimetry. The biological activity of the P. pastoris-produced IFNα2a was confirmed in A549 and HT29 cells by monitoring transcriptional up-regulation of a panel of known interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Our results document that the P. pastoris expression system is a suitable system for producing biologically functional IFNα2a in a secreted form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Chronopoulou
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Ilias Tsochantaridis
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Maria Tokamani
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | | | - Petros Tsomakidis
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Antonis Giannakakis
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Alex Galanis
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Raphael Sandaltzopoulos
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
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Scott HC, Draganov SD, Yu Z, Kessler BM, Pinto-Fernández A. Targeted Mass Spectrometry Reveals Interferon-Dependent Eicosanoid and Fatty Acid Alterations in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15513. [PMID: 37958498 PMCID: PMC10649737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive lipids are involved in cellular signalling events with links to human disease. Many of these are involved in inflammation under normal and pathological conditions. Despite being attractive molecules from a pharmacological point of view, the detection and quantification of lipids has been a major challenge. Here, we have optimised a liquid chromatography-dynamic multiple reaction monitoring-targeted mass spectrometry (LC-dMRM-MS) approach to profile eicosanoids and fatty acids in biological samples. In particular, by applying this analytic workflow to study a cellular model of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), we found that the levels of intra- and extracellular 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), intracellular Arachidonic Acid (AA), extracellular Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), extracellular 5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), extracellular Palmitic acid (PA, C16:0) and extracellular Stearic acid (SA, C18:0), were altered in response to immunomodulation by type I interferon (IFN-I), a currently approved treatment for CML. Our observations indicate changes in eicosanoid and fatty acid metabolism, with potential relevance in the context of cancer inflammation and CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C. Scott
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; (S.D.D.); (Z.Y.); (B.M.K.)
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Simeon D. Draganov
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; (S.D.D.); (Z.Y.); (B.M.K.)
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Zhanru Yu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; (S.D.D.); (Z.Y.); (B.M.K.)
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Benedikt M. Kessler
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; (S.D.D.); (Z.Y.); (B.M.K.)
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Adán Pinto-Fernández
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; (S.D.D.); (Z.Y.); (B.M.K.)
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
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Bishehsari F, Drees M, Adnan D, Sharma D, Green S, Koshy J, Giron LB, Goldman A, Abdel-Mohsen M, Rasmussen HE, Miller GE, Keshavarzian A. Multi-omics approach to socioeconomic disparity in metabolic syndrome reveals roles of diet and microbiome. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2300023. [PMID: 37525324 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The epidemy of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is typically preceded by adoption of a "risky" lifestyle (e.g., dietary habit) among populations. Evidence shows that those with low socioeconomic status (SES) are at an increased risk for MetS. To investigate this, we recruited 123 obese subjects (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30) from Chicago. Multi-omic data were collected to interrogate fecal microbiota, systemic markers of inflammation and immune activation, plasma metabolites, and plasma glycans. Intestinal permeability was measured using the sugar permeability testing. Our results suggest a heterogenous metabolic dysregulation among obese populations who are at risk of MetS. Systemic inflammation, linked to poor diet, intestinal microbiome dysbiosis, and gut barrier dysfunction may explain the development of MetS in these individuals. Our analysis revealed 37 key features associated with increased numbers of MetS features. These features were used to construct a composite metabolic-inflammatory (MI) score that was able to predict progression of MetS among at-risk individuals. The MI score was correlated with several markers of poor diet quality as well as lower levels of gut microbial diversity and abnormalities in several species of bacteria. This study reveals novel targets to reduce the burden of MetS and suggests access to healthy food options as a practical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Bishehsari
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael Drees
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Darbaz Adnan
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stefan Green
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jane Koshy
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leila B Giron
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aaron Goldman
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Gregory E Miller
- Institute for Policy Research and Dept of Psychology, Northwestern Univ, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Soukka J, Polari L, Kalliomäki M, Saros L, Laajala TD, Vahlberg T, Toivola DM, Laitinen K. The Effect of a Fish Oil and/or Probiotic Intervention from Early Pregnancy Onwards on Colostrum Immune Mediators: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blinded Clinical Trial in Overweight/Obese Mothers. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200446. [PMID: 37326413 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Modifying the composition of colostrum by external factors may provide opportunities to improve the infant's health. Here, we evaluated how fish oil and/or probiotics supplementation modify concentrations of colostrum immune mediators and their associations with perinatal clinical factors on mothers with overweight/obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS Pregnant women were randomized in a double-blind manner into four intervention groups, and the supplements were consumed daily from early pregnancy onwards. Colostrum samples were collected from 187 mothers, and 16 immune mediators were measured using bead-based immunoassays. Interventions modified colostrum composition; the fish oil+probiotics group had higher concentrations of IL-12p70 than probiotics+placebo and higher FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT-3L) than fish oil+placebo and probiotics+placebo (one-way analysis of variance, post-hoc Tukey's test). Although the fish oil+probiotics group had higher levels of IFNα2 compared to the fish oil+placebo group, these differences were not statistically significant after correction for multiple testing. Multivariate linear model revealed significant associations between several immune mediators and the perinatal use of medication. CONCLUSION Fish oil/probiotics intervention exerted a minor effect on concentrations of colostrum immune mediators. However, medication during the perinatal period modulated the immune mediators. These changes in colostrum's composition may contribute to immune system development in the infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Soukka
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Lauri Polari
- Department of Biosciences, Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Marko Kalliomäki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20521, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, FI-20521, Finland
| | - Lotta Saros
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Teemu D Laajala
- Biomathematics Research Group, Fican West Cancer Centre, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Tero Vahlberg
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Diana M Toivola
- Department of Biosciences, Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Kirsi Laitinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
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5
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Polley DJ, Latham P, Choi MY, Buhler KA, Fritzler MJ, Fritzler ML. Identification of novel clusters of co-expressing cytokines in a diagnostic cytokine multiplex test. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1223817. [PMID: 37600813 PMCID: PMC10432683 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1223817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cytokines are mediators of the immune system that are essential for the maintenance, development and resolution of immune responses. Beneficial immune responses depend on complex, interdependent networks of signaling and regulatory events in which individual cytokines influence the production and release of others. Since disruptions in these signaling networks are associated with a wide spectrum of diseases, cytokines have gained considerable interest as diagnostic, prognostic and precision therapy-relevant biomarkers. However, currently individual cytokines testing has limited value because the wider immune response context is often overlooked. The aim of this study was to identify specific cytokine signaling patterns associated with different diseases. Methods Unbiased clustering analyses were performed on a clinical cytokine multiplex test using a cohort of human plasma specimens drawn from individuals with known or suspected diseases for which cytokine profiling was considered clinically indicated by the attending physician. Results and discussion Seven clusters of co-expressing cytokines were identified, representing common patterns of immune activation. Common expression profiles of the cytokine clusters and preliminary associations of these profiles with specific diseases or disease categories were also identified. These findings increase our understanding of the immune environments underlying the clinical presentations of patients of inflammatory, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases, which could then improve diagnoses and the identification of evidence-based treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Penny Latham
- Eve Technologies Corporation, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - May Y. Choi
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Katherine A. Buhler
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marvin J. Fritzler
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Righi C, Franzoni G, Feliziani F, Jones C, Petrini S. The Cell-Mediated Immune Response against Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) Infection and Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040785. [PMID: 37112697 PMCID: PMC10144493 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is one of the major respiratory pathogens in cattle worldwide. Infection often leads to a compromised host immune response that contributes to the development of the polymicrobial disease known as “bovine respiratory disease”. After an initial transient phase of immunosuppression, cattle recover from the disease. This is due to the development of both innate and adaptive immune responses. With respect to adaptive immunity, both humoral and cell-mediated immunity are required to control infection. Thus, several BoHV-1 vaccines are designed to trigger both branches of the adaptive immune system. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on cell-mediated immune responses directed against BoHV-1 infection and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Righi
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Franzoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesco Feliziani
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Clinton Jones
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Stefano Petrini
- National Reference Centre for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Umbria-Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy
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7
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Tezcan G, Alsaadi M, Hamza S, Garanina EE, Martynova EV, Ziganshina GR, Farukshina ER, Rizvanov AA, Khaiboullina SF. Azithromycin and Ceftriaxone Differentially Activate NLRP3 in LPS Primed Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169484. [PMID: 36012769 PMCID: PMC9409354 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer patients are prescribed antibiotics, such as macrolides and lactamides, for infection treatment. However, the effect of these antibiotics on NLRP3 activation remains largely unknown. Method: Lung cancer (A549) and prostate cancer (PC3) cell lines were primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to activate NLRP3 transcription. Cells were then treated with azithromycin (Az) or ceftriaxone (Cf). NLRP3 activation was analyzed by qPCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Cell growth and viability were assessed by real-time cell analysis and Annexin V expression. Levels of 41 cytokines were also analyzed using a multiplex assay. Results: LPS-Az activated transcription of NLRP3, Pro-CASP-1, and Pro-IL-1β in A549 cells, while failing to upregulate NLRP3 and Pro-IL-1β in PC3 cells. LPS-Az decreased the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines while it induced the pro-angiogenic factors in A549 and PC3 cells. In contrast, LPS-Cf suppressed the expression of NLRP3-associated genes, NLRP3 protein expression, the inflammatory cytokine secretion in A549 and PC3 cells. LPS-Az and LPS-Cf had a limited effect on cell growth and viability. Discussion: Our data suggest that Cf could suppress LPS induced NLRP3, which should be considered when selecting antibiotics for cancer treatment. In contrast, the effect of Az on LPS primed NLRP3 and the inflammatory cytokines production appears to depend on the cancer cell origin. Therefore, these data indicate that considerations are required when selecting Az for the treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulcin Tezcan
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Alsaadi
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Shaimaa Hamza
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ekaterina E. Garanina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V. Martynova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Gulshat R. Ziganshina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Elina R. Farukshina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert A. Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Svetlana F. Khaiboullina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence: or
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Virus Infection and Systemic Inflammation: Lessons Learnt from COVID-19 and Beyond. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142198. [PMID: 35883640 PMCID: PMC9316821 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections with newly emerging zoonotic viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19, often lead to the perturbation of the human innate and adaptive immune responses causing severe disease with high mortality. The responsible mechanisms are commonly virus-specific and often include either over-activated or delayed local interferon responses, which facilitate efficient viral replication in the primary target organ, systemic viral spread, and rapid onset of organ-specific and harmful inflammatory responses. Despite the distinct replication strategies, human infections with SARS-CoV-2 and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses demonstrate remarkable similarities and differences regarding the mechanisms of immune induction, disease dynamics, as well as the long-term sequelae, which will be discussed in this review. In addition, we will highlight some important lessons about the effectiveness of antiviral and immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies that this pandemic has taught us.
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Rueda-Gensini L, Serna JA, Bolaños NI, Rodriguez J, Cruz JC, Muñoz-Camargo C. Evaluating the Impact of Thermal Processing on the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Non-Centrifugal Cane Sugar: Implications on Cytokine Secretion and TLR4 Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:905347. [PMID: 35837292 PMCID: PMC9274305 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.905347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived products have gained considerable attention as inflammation modulators given the wide variety of anti-inflammatory phytochemicals reported to be present in plants and their limited side effects in vivo during prolonged exposure periods. Non-centrifugal cane sugar (NCS) has been identified as a promising sugarcane-derived product due to its high polyphenolic composition and antioxidant potential, but its incorporations into nutraceuticals and other relevant products of biomedical interest has been limited by the ample composition-wise variability resulting from extreme and loosely controlled processing conditions. Here, we assessed the effect of reducing thermal exposure during NCS processing on the retained polyphenolic profiles, as well as on their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Specifically, we proposed two modified NCS production methods that reduce exposure to unwanted thermal processing conditions by 1) limiting the employed temperatures through vacuum-aided dehydration and 2) by reducing exposure time through refractance window evaporation. By comparing the modified NCS products with traditional NCS, we showed that the proposed process strategies yield enhanced polyphenolic profiles, as evidenced by the results of the Folin-Ciocalteu polyphenol quantification method and the components identification by HPLC coupled to mass spectrometry. Although these compositional differences failed to impact the antioxidant profiles and cytocompatibility of the products, they showed an enhanced anti-inflammatory potential, given their superior modulation capacity of inflammatory cytokine secretion in both systemic and neuroinflammatory scenarios in vitro. Moreover, we showed that both modified NCS products interfere with TLR4 signaling in human monocytes to a significantly greater extent than traditional NCS. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of NCS produced under window refractance evaporation was slightly superior than under vacuum-aided dehydration, demonstrating that reducing exposure time to high temperatures is likely more effective than reducing the operation temperature. Overall, these findings demonstrated that limiting thermal exposure is beneficial for the development of NCS-based natural products with superior anti-inflammatory potential, which can be further exploited in the rational design of more potent nutraceuticals for potentially preventing chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rueda-Gensini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Julian A. Serna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Natalia I. Bolaños
- Vice-presidency of Research and Creation, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jader Rodriguez
- Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, Mosquera, Colombia
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Juan C. Cruz, ; Carolina Muñoz-Camargo,
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Camargo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Juan C. Cruz, ; Carolina Muñoz-Camargo,
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Ferreira ML, Vieira NSM, Oliveira ALS, Araújo JMM, Pereiro AB. Disclosing the Potential of Fluorinated Ionic Liquids as Interferon-Alpha 2b Delivery Systems. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111851. [PMID: 35683707 PMCID: PMC9181987 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-alpha 2b (IFN-α 2b) is a therapeutic protein used for the treatment of cancer, viral infections, and auto-immune diseases. Its application is hindered by a low bioavailability and instability in the bloodstream, and the search for new strategies for a target delivery and stabilization of IFN-α 2b to improve its therapeutic efficacy is crucial. Fluorinated ionic liquids (FILs) are promising biomaterials that: (i) can form self-assembled structures; (ii) have complete miscibility in water; and (iii) can be designed to have reduced toxicity. The influence of IFN-α 2b in the aggregation behaviour of FILs and the interactions between them were investigated through conductivity and surface tension measurements, and using electron microscopic and spectroscopy techniques to study FILs feasibility as an interferon-alpha 2b delivery system. The results show that the presence of IFN-α 2b influences the aggregation behaviour of FILs and that strong interaction between the two compounds occurs. The protein might not be fully encapsulated by FILs. However, the FIL can be tailored in the future to carry IFN-α 2b by the formation of a conjugate, which prevents the aggregation of this protein. This work constitutes a first step toward the design and development of FIL-based IFN-α 2b delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - João M. M. Araújo
- Correspondence: (J.M.M.A.); (A.B.P.); Tel.: +351-21-294-8300 (J.M.M.A. & A.B.P.)
| | - Ana B. Pereiro
- Correspondence: (J.M.M.A.); (A.B.P.); Tel.: +351-21-294-8300 (J.M.M.A. & A.B.P.)
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11
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Krüger TB, Syversen U, Herlofson BB, Lian AM, Reseland JE. Targeting a therapeutically relevant concentration of alendronate for in vitro studies on osteoblasts. Acta Odontol Scand 2022; 80:619-625. [PMID: 35605138 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2022.2072522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bisphosphonates like alendronate mainly exert their effects on osteoclasts. However, osteoblasts are also affected, but exposed to a much lower concentration in vivo than the osteoclasts. Given that the effects are dose-dependent, the intention of the study was to identify a therapeutically relevant concentration of alendronate for in vitro studies on osteoblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary human osteoblasts were incubated with alendronate (5, 20 and 100 µM) for 1, 3, 7 and 14 days. Proliferation and viability were assessed, and the effects on cellular growth and function were evaluated by multianalyte profiling of selected proteins in cell culture media using the Luminex 200TM. RESULTS The viability was not affected by any of the dosages. Exposure to 5 µM alendronate had a neutral effect on osteoblast proliferation, and on secretion of osteogenic and inflammatory markers, while enhancing synthesis of a marker of angiogenesis. 20 µM alendronate induced a decline in proliferation and affected angiogenic and osteogenic biomarkers adversely. 100 µM alendronate reduced proliferation dramatically, and this dosage was excluded from further experiments. CONCLUSION A concentration of 5 µM alendronate exerted effects on human osteoblasts that may translate to those observed in vivo and could therefore be relevant for in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tormod B. Krüger
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Unni Syversen
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU—Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bente B. Herlofson
- Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aina M. Lian
- Oral Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Janne E. Reseland
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Solvent extraction of recombinant interferon alpha-2b from inclusion bodies and efficient refolding at high protein concentrations. Protein Expr Purif 2022; 197:106110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Huijser E, Göpfert J, Brkic Z, van Helden-Meeuwsen CG, Jansen S, Mandl T, Olsson P, Schrijver B, Schreurs MWJ, van Daele PLA, Dik WA, Versnel MA. Serum IFNα2 measured by single-molecule array associates with systemic disease manifestations in Sjögren's syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:2156-2166. [PMID: 34505866 PMCID: PMC9071525 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Type I IFN (IFN-I) activation is a prominent feature of primary SS (pSS), SLE and SSc. Ultrasensitive single-molecule array (Simoa) technology has facilitated the measurement of subfemtomolar concentrations of IFNs. Here we aimed to measure IFN-α2 in serum from pSS, SLE and SSc using a Simoa immunoassay and correlate these levels to blood IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression and disease activity. Methods Serum IFN-α2 was measured in patients with pSS (n = 85 and n = 110), SLE (n = 24) and SSc (n = 23) and healthy controls (HCs; n = 68) using an IFN-α Simoa assay on an HD-X analyser. IFN-I pathway activation was additionally determined from serum by an IFN-I reporter assay and paired samples of whole blood ISG expression of IFI44, IFI44L, IFIT1, IFIT3 and MxA by RT-PCR or myxovirus resistance protein 1 (MxA) protein ELISA. Results Serum IFN-α2 levels were elevated in pSS (median 61.3 fg/ml) compared with HCs (median ≤5 fg/ml, P < 0.001) and SSc (median 11.6 fg/ml, P = 0.043), lower compared with SLE (median 313.5 fg/ml, P = 0.068) and positively correlated with blood ISG expression (r = 0.66–0.94, P < 0.001). Comparable to MxA ELISA [area under the curve (AUC) 0.93], IFN-α2 measurement using Simoa identified pSS with high ISG expression (AUC 0.90) with 80–93% specificity and 71–84% sensitivity. Blinded validation in an independent pSS cohort yielded a comparable accuracy. Multiple regression indicated independent associations of autoantibodies, IgG, HCQ treatment, cutaneous disease and a history of extraglandular manifestations with serum IFN-α2 concentrations in pSS. Conclusion Simoa serum IFN-α2 reflects blood ISG expression in pSS, SLE and SSc. In light of IFN-targeting treatments, Simoa could potentially be applied for patient stratification or retrospective analysis of historical cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Huijser
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jens Göpfert
- Department of Applied Biomarkers and Immunoassays, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Zana Brkic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sanne Jansen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Mandl
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Division of Rheumatology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Olsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Division of Rheumatology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Schrijver
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco W J Schreurs
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul L A van Daele
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem A Dik
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan A Versnel
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Petersen AØ, Jokinen M, Plichta DR, Liebisch G, Gronwald W, Dettmer K, Oefner PJ, Vlamakis H, Chung DC, Ranki A, Xavier RJ. Cytokine-specific autoantibodies shape the gut microbiome in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:876-888. [PMID: 33819509 PMCID: PMC8429070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal dysfunction is a frequent and disabling manifestation of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS-1), a rare monogenic multiorgan autoimmune disease caused by the loss of central AIRE-controlled immune tolerance. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to understand the role of the gut microbiome in APS-1 symptoms and potentially alleviate common gastrointestinal symptoms by probiotic intervention. METHODS This study characterized the fecal microbiomes of 28 patients with APS-1 and searched for associations with gastrointestinal symptoms, circulating anti-cytokine autoantibodies, and tryptophan-related metabolites. Additionally, daily doses of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG were administered for 3 months. RESULTS Of 581 metagenomic operational taxonomic units (mOTUs) characterized in total, 14 were significantly associated with patients with APS-1 compared with healthy controls, with 6 mOTUs depleted and 8 enriched in patients with APS-1. Four overabundant mOTUs were significantly associated with severity of constipation. Phylogenetically conserved microbial associations with autoantibodies against cytokines were observed. After the 3-month intervention with the probiotic L rhamnosus GG, a subset of gastrointestinal symptoms were alleviated. L rhamnosus GG abundance was increased postintervention and corresponded with decreased abundances of Alistipes onderdonkii and Collinsella aerofaciens, 2 species positively associated with severity of diarrhea in patients with APS-1. CONCLUSIONS The APS-1 microbiome correlates with several APS-1 symptoms, some of which are alleviated after a 3-month L rhamnosus GG intervention. Autoantibodies against cytokines appear to shape the gut microbiome by positively correlating with a taxonomically consistent group of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Ø Petersen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass; Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass; Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martta Jokinen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Damian R Plichta
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass; Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfram Gronwald
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katja Dettmer
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter J Oefner
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hera Vlamakis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass; Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass
| | - Daniel C Chung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Annamari Ranki
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Mass; Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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15
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Grard M, Chatelain C, Delaunay T, Pons-Tostivint E, Bennouna J, Fonteneau JF. Homozygous Co-Deletion of Type I Interferons and CDKN2A Genes in Thoracic Cancers: Potential Consequences for Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:695770. [PMID: 34249754 PMCID: PMC8266377 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.695770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Homozygous deletion (HD) of the tumor suppressor gene CDKN2A is the most frequent genetic alteration in malignant pleural mesothelioma and is also frequent in non-small cell lung cancers. This HD is often accompanied by the HD of the type I interferons (IFN I) genes that are located closed to the CDKN2A gene on the p21.3 region of chromosome 9. IFN I genes encode sixteen cytokines (IFN-α, IFN-β…) that are implicated in cellular antiviral and antitumor defense and in the induction of the immune response. In this review, we discuss the potential influence of IFN I genes HD on thoracic cancers therapy and speak in favor of better taking these HD into account in patients monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Grard
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, Nantes, France.,Labex IGO, Immunology Graft Oncology, Nantes, France
| | - Camille Chatelain
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, Nantes, France.,Labex IGO, Immunology Graft Oncology, Nantes, France
| | - Tiphaine Delaunay
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, Nantes, France.,Labex IGO, Immunology Graft Oncology, Nantes, France
| | - Elvire Pons-Tostivint
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, Nantes, France.,Labex IGO, Immunology Graft Oncology, Nantes, France.,CHU de Nantes, oncologie thoracique et digestive, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jaafar Bennouna
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, Nantes, France.,Labex IGO, Immunology Graft Oncology, Nantes, France.,CHU de Nantes, oncologie thoracique et digestive, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-François Fonteneau
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, Nantes, France.,Labex IGO, Immunology Graft Oncology, Nantes, France
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16
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da Silva RP, Gonçalves JIB, Zanin RF, Schuch FB, de Souza APD. Circulating Type I Interferon Levels and COVID-19 Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:657363. [PMID: 34054820 PMCID: PMC8149905 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.657363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations and outcomes. Laboratory and immunological alterations have been considered as potential markers of disease severity and clinical evolution. Type I interferons (IFN-I), mainly represented by IFN-α and β, are a group of cytokines with an important function in antiviral responses and have played a complex role in COVID-19. Some studies have demonstrated that IFN-I levels and interferon response is elevated in mild cases, while other studies have noted this in severe cases. The involvement of IFN-I on the pathogenesis and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unclear. In this study, we summarize the available evidence of the association of plasma protein levels of type I IFN with the severity of COVID-19. Methods The PRISMA checklist guided the reporting of the data. A systematic search of the MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, and Web of Science databases was performed up to March of 2021, looking for articles that evaluated plasma protein levels of IFN-I in mild, severe, or critical COVID-19 patients. Comparative meta-analyses with random effects were performed to compare the standardized mean differences in plasma protein levels of IFN-I of mild versus severe and mild versus critical patients. Meta-regressions were performed to test the moderating role of age, sex, time that the IFN-I was measured, and limit of detection of the assay used in the difference between the means. Results There was no significant difference in plasma levels of IFN-α when comparing between mild and severe patients (SMD = -0.236, 95% CI -0.645 to 0.173, p = 0.258, I2 = 82.11), nor when comparing between patients mild and critical (SMD = 0.203, 95% CI -0.363 to 0.770, p = 0.481, I2 = 64.06). However, there was a significant difference between healthy individuals and patients with mild disease (SMD = 0.447, 95% CI 0.085 to 0.810, p = 0.016, I2 = 62.89). Conclusions Peripheral IFN-α cannot be used as a severity marker as it does not determine the clinical status presented by COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Pires da Silva
- Biomedical Graduate Course, School of Health and Life Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - João Ismael Budelon Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, School of Health and Life Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Barreto Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Duarte de Souza
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, School of Health and Life Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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17
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Yang L, Wang J, Hui P, Yarovinsky TO, Badeti S, Pham K, Liu C. Potential role of IFN-α in COVID-19 patients and its underlying treatment options. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:4005-4015. [PMID: 33950278 PMCID: PMC8096625 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11319-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly worldwide. Given that this contagious viral outbreak is still unfolding, it is urgent to understand the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and explore effective treatments to protect patients from developing a severe illness related to COVID-19. Recently, IFN-α has been considered a potential therapeutic strategy to treat COVID-19 disease, mainly because the innate immune system rapidly produces IFN-α as the first line of defense to combat viral infections. However, IFN-α can also play a role in immunoregulatory effects, causing pathogenic damage and uncontrolled inflammatory responses. There are 13 human IFN-α subtypes that bind to the same receptor and induce different interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression, regulating various antiviral and immunoregulatory effects. The varying degrees of inflammatory regulations may raise concerns about the possible side effects to enlarge the inflammatory responses, exacerbating the severity of infection. Thus, the analysis of various IFN-α subtype induction during SARS-CoV-2 infection is necessary in exploring the mechanism of COVID-19 pathogenesis. This review summarizes the current understanding of IFN-α in the pathogenesis of respiratory virus diseases and IFN-α based clinical intervention used in SARS-CoV-2 infection and other respiratory virus diseases. Besides, new ideas in selecting suitable IFN-α subtypes or combinations as drug candidates for viral infection treatment will also be discussed.Key Points• IFN-α plays an important role in anti-viral and immunoregulatory effects in COVID-19 patients caused by SARS-CoV-2.• The uncontrolled inflammation and disease severity correlated to the diversity of IFN-α subtype induction.• Selecting suitable IFN-α subtypes or combinations as drug candidates will be beneficial for the treatment of patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Pei Hui
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Timur O Yarovinsky
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Saiaditya Badeti
- Department of Pathology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Kien Pham
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
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18
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Distinct systemic cytokine networks in symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21963. [PMID: 33319833 PMCID: PMC7738491 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78941-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory processes are crucial in atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis. This study aimed to identify a cytokine-pattern that is associated with plaque-vulnerability or symptomatic state in comprehensively investigated patients with symptomatic (sCS) and asymptomatic carotid stenosis (aCS). Twenty-two patients with sCS and twenty-four patients with aCS undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) were considered. A cytokine-panel was measured in plasma-specimens prior to surgery and at a 90 day follow-up. Doppler-ultrasound detecting microembolic signals (MES) in the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery was performed. Carotid plaques were analysed regarding histopathological criteria of plaque-vulnerability and presence of chemokine receptor CXCR4. Correction for multiple comparisons and logistic regression analysis adjusting for vascular risk factors, grade of stenosis, antithrombotic and statin pretreatment were applied. In sCS-patients higher plasma-levels of Fractalkine (CX3CL1), IFN-α2, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-7 were found compared to aCS-patients. CXCR4-expression on inflammatory cells was more evident in sCS- compared to aCS-plaques and was associated with vulnerability-criteria. In contrast, plasma-cytokine-levels were not related to CXCR4-expression or other vulnerability-criteria or MES. However, in both groups distinct inter-cytokine correlation patterns, which persisted at follow-up and were more pronounced in the sCS-group could be detected. In conclusion, we identified a distinct cytokine/chemokine-network in sCS-patients with elevated and closely correlated mediators of diverse functions.
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19
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Sass D, Fitzgerald W, Barb JJ, Kupzyk K, Margolis L, Saligan L. An exploratory analysis of extracellular vesicle-associated and soluble cytokines in cancer-related fatigue in men with prostate cancer. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 9:100140. [PMID: 34589888 PMCID: PMC8474622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer Related Fatigue (CRF) is one of the most prevalent and distressing symptoms associated with cancer treatments. The exact etiology of CRF and its mechanisms are poorly understood. Cytokine dysregulation was hypothesized to be one of these mechanisms. Here, we explored the associations of soluble and extracellular vesicle (EV)-associated markers that include cytokines, heat shock proteins (hsp27, hsp70, hsp90), and neurotrophic factors (BDNF) with CRF. METHODS Plasma was collected from men (n = 40) with non-metastatic prostate cancer receiving external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) at the start of the treatment, and three months after EBRT. CRF was assessed using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Fatigue (FACT-F) from all participants. EVs were characterized via Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, electron microscopy, and Western blot. Concentrations of EV-associated and soluble markers were measured with a multiplexed immunoassay system. Bivariate correlation analyses and independent T tests analyzed the relationships of CRF with the markers. FINDINGS As CRF worsened, concentrations of EV-associated markers were upregulated. EV-associated fold changes of Eotaxin, hsp27, IP-10, MIP-3α, were significantly higher in fatigued participants compared to non-fatigued EBRT participants three months after treatment. This was not observed in soluble markers. Concentrations of EV-associated CRP and MCP-1, soluble survivin, IFNα2, IL-8, IL-12p70, and MCP-1 significantly correlated with lower (worsening) CRF scores at the start of and three months after treatment. INTERPRETATION Concentrations of EV-associated markers increased in fatigued men with prostate cancer three months after EBRT. Both EV-associated and soluble markers correlated with worsening CRF. EV-associated markers, which have not been previously studied in depth, may provide additional insights and serve as potential biomarkers for CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilorom Sass
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
| | - Wendy Fitzgerald
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer J. Barb
- Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Kupzyk
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
| | - Leonid Margolis
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leorey Saligan
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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20
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DNA Damage Baseline Predicts Resilience to Space Radiation and Radiotherapy. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108434. [PMID: 33242409 PMCID: PMC7784531 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep space exploration will require real-time, minimally invasive monitoring of astronaut health to mitigate the potential health impairments caused by space radiation and microgravity. Genotoxic stress in humans can be monitored by quantifying the amount of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in immune cells from a simple finger prick. In a cohort of 674 healthy donors, we show that the endogenous level of DSBs increases with age and with latent cytomegalovirus infection. To map the range of human responses to space radiation, we then study DSB induction and repair in immune cells from 319 healthy donors after the cells are exposed to galactic cosmic ray components and lymphocytes from 30 cancer patients after radiotherapy. Individuals with low baseline DSB have fewer clinical complications, enhanced DNA damage repair responses, and a functional dose-dependent cytokine response in healthy donor cells. This supports the use of DSB monitoring for health resilience in space.
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Li M, Wu M, Qin Y, Liu H, Tu C, Shen B, Xu X, Chen H. Differentially expressed serum proteins in children with or without asthma as determined using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation proteomics. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9971. [PMID: 33194371 PMCID: PMC7646293 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although asthma is one of the most common chronic, noncommunicable diseases worldwide, the pathogenesis of childhood asthma is not yet clear. Genetic factors and environmental factors may lead to airway immune-inflammation responses and an imbalance of airway nerve regulation. The aim of the present study was to determine which serum proteins are differentially expressed between children with or without asthma and to ascertain the potential roles that these differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) may play in the pathogenesis of childhood asthma. Methods Serum samples derived from four children with asthma and four children without asthma were collected. The DEPs were identified by using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses. Using biological information technology, including Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Cluster of Orthologous Groups of Proteins (COG) databases and analyses, we determined the biological processes associated with these DEPs. Key protein glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) was verified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results We found 46 DEPs in serum samples of children with asthma vs. children without asthma. Among these DEPs, 12 proteins were significantly (>1.5 fold change) upregulated and 34 proteins were downregulated. The results of GO analyses showed that the DEPs were mainly involved in binding, the immune system, or responding to stimuli or were part of a cellular anatomical entity. In the KEGG signaling pathway analysis, most of the downregulated DEPs were associated with cardiomyopathy, phagosomes, viral infections, and regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. The results of a COG analysis showed that the DEPs were primarily involved in signal transduction mechanisms and posttranslational modifications. These DEPs were associated with and may play important roles in the immune response, the inflammatory response, extracellular matrix degradation, and the nervous system. The downregulated of G6PD in the asthma group was confirmed using ELISA experiment. Conclusion After bioinformatics analyses, we found numerous DEPs that may play important roles in the pathogenesis of childhood asthma. Those proteins may be novel biomarkers of childhood asthma and may provide new clues for the early clinical diagnosis and treatment of childhood asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mingzhu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Qin
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huaqing Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chengcheng Tu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bing Shen
- School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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22
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Flerlage T, Souquette A, Allen EK, Brahm T, Crawford JC, Tang L, Sun Y, Maron G, Wolf J, Triplett B, Thomas PG. Nasal Wash Cytokines during Respiratory Viral Infection in Pediatric Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell-Transplant Recipients. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:349-361. [PMID: 32551899 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0014oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell-transplant (alloHCT) recipients are at increased risk of complications from viral respiratory-tract infections (vRTIs). We measured cytokine concentrations in nasal washes (NWs) from pediatric alloHCT recipients to better understand their local response to vRTI. Forty-one immunologic analytes were measured in 70 NWs, collected during and after vRTI, from 15 alloHCT recipients (median age, 11 yr) with 19 episodes of vRTI. These were compared with NW cytokine concentrations from an independent group of otherwise healthy patients. AlloHCT recipients are able to produce a local response to vRTI and produce IFN-α2 and IL-12p40 in significant quantities above an uninfected baseline early in infection. Compared with otherwise healthy comparator-group patients, alloHCT recipients have higher NW concentrations of IL-4 when challenged with vRTI. Further study of these immunologic analytes as well as of type 1 versus type 2 balance in the respiratory mucosa in the context of vRTI during immune reconstitution may be of future research interest in this vulnerable patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Flerlage
- Department of Infectious Diseases.,Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine and
| | | | | | | | | | - Li Tang
- Department of Biostatistics, and
| | | | | | - Joshua Wolf
- Department of Infectious Diseases.,Department of Pediatrics, Health Science Center, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Brandon Triplett
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; and
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Phillips BG, Wang Y, Ambati S, Ma P, Meagher RB. Airways therapy of obstructive sleep apnea dramatically improves aberrant levels of soluble cytokines involved in autoimmune disease. Clin Immunol 2020; 221:108601. [PMID: 33017651 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) damages the health of 35% of adult Americans. Disordered sleep results in increased risk of several autoimmune disorders, but the molecular links to autoimmunity are poorly understood. Herein, we identified four cytokines associated with autoimmune disease, whose median serum levels were significantly different for OSA patients receiving airways therapy, from the levels in untreated OSA patients, APRIL (5.2-fold lower, p = 3.5 × 10-11), CD30 (1.6-fold higher, p = 7.7 × 10-5), IFN-Alpha-2 (2.9-fold higher, p = 9.6 × 10-14) and IL-2 (1.9-fold higher, p = 0.0003). Cytokine levels in airways treated patients were similar to the levels in control subjects. t-SNE and UMAP analysis of these high dimensional patient cytokine data identified only two groups, suggesting a similar global response for all four cytokines to airways therapy. Our findings suggest the levels of these four cytokines may be altered by disordered sleep and perhaps by chronic hypoxia. Therapeutic options are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley G Phillips
- Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Clinical and Translational Research Unit, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Suresh Ambati
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ping Ma
- Department of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Richard B Meagher
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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24
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Peters SO, Hussain T, Adenaike AS, Hazzard J, Morenikeji OB, De Donato M, Paul S, Babar M, Yakubu A, Imumorin IG. Evolutionary Pattern of Interferon Alpha Genes in Bovidae and Genetic Diversity of IFNAA in the Bovine Genome. Front Immunol 2020; 11:580412. [PMID: 33117386 PMCID: PMC7561390 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.580412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons are secretory proteins induced in response to specific extracellular stimuli which stimulate intra- and intercellular networks for regulating innate and acquired immunity, resistance to viral infections, and normal and tumor cell survival and death. Type 1 interferons plays a major role in the CD8 T-cell response to viral infection. The genomic analysis carried out here for type I interferons within Bovidae family shows that cattle, bison, water buffalo, goat, and sheep (all Bovidae), have different number of genes of the different subtypes, with a large increase in the numbers, compared to human and mouse genomes. A phylogenetic analysis of the interferon alpha (IFNA) proteins in this group shows that the genes do not follow the evolutionary pattern of the species, but rather a cycle of duplications and deletions in the different species. In this study we also studied the genetic diversity of the bovine interferon alpha A (IFNAA), as an example of the IFNA genes in cattle, sequencing a fragment of the coding sequence in 18 breeds of cattle from Pakistan, Nigeria and USA. Similarity analysis allowed the allocation of sequences into 22 haplotypes. Bhagnari, Brangus, Sokoto Gudali, and White Fulani, had the highest number of haplotypes, while Angus, Hereford and Nari Master had the least. However, when analyzed by the average haplotype count, Angus, Bhagnari, Hereford, Holstein, Muturu showed the highest values, while Cholistani, Lohani, and Nari Master showed the lowest values. Haplotype 4 was found in the highest number of individuals (74), and in 15 breeds. Sequences for yak, bison, and water buffalo, were included within the bovine haplotypes. Medium Joining network showed that the sequences could be divided into 4 groups: one with highly similar haplotypes containing mostly Asian and African breeds, one with almost all of the Bos taurus American breeds, one mid-diverse group with mostly Asian and African sequences, and one group with highly divergent haplotypes with five N'Dama sequences and one from each of White Fulani, Dhanni, Tharparkar, and Bhagnari. The large genetic diversity found in IFNAA could be a very good indication of the genetic variation among the different genes of IFNA and could be an adaptation for these species in response to viral challenges they face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday O. Peters
- Department of Animal Science, Berry College, Mount Berry, GA, United States
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Tanveer Hussain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Adeyemi S. Adenaike
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Jordan Hazzard
- Department of Animal Science, Berry College, Mount Berry, GA, United States
| | - Olanrewaju B. Morenikeji
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Biology, Hamilton College, Clinton, NY, United States
| | - Marcos De Donato
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Sujay Paul
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Masroor Babar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Ikhide G. Imumorin
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, First Technical University, Ibadan, Nigeria
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25
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Effect of biphasic temperature regime on therapeutic recombinant protein production in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Novak T, Hall MW, McDonald DR, Newhams MM, Mistry AJ, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Mourani PM, Loftis LL, Weiss SL, Tarquinio KM, Markovitz B, Hartman ME, Schwarz A, Junger WG, Randolph AG. RIG-I and TLR4 responses and adverse outcomes in pediatric influenza-related critical illness. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 145:1673-1680.e11. [PMID: 32035159 PMCID: PMC7323584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased TNF-α production in whole blood after ex vivo LPS stimulation indicates suppression of the Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 pathway. This is associated with increased mortality in pediatric influenza critical illness. Whether antiviral immune signaling pathways are also suppressed in these patients is unclear. OBJECTIVES We sought to evaluate suppression of the TLR4 and the antiviral retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) pathways with clinical outcomes in children with severe influenza infection. METHODS In this 24-center, prospective, observational cohort study of children with confirmed influenza infection, blood was collected within 72 hours of intensive care unit admission. Ex vivo whole blood stimulations were performed with matched controls using the viral ligand polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid-low-molecular-weight/LyoVec and LPS to evaluate IFN-α and TNF-α production capacities (RIG-I and TLR4 pathways, respectively). RESULTS Suppression of either IFN-α or TNF-α production capacity was associated with longer duration of mechanical ventilation and hospitalization, and increased organ dysfunction. Children with suppression of both RIG-I and TLR4 pathways (n = 33 of 103 [32%]) were more likely to have prolonged (≥7 days) multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome (30.3% vs 8.6%; P = .004) or prolonged hypoxemic respiratory failure (39.4% vs 11.4%; P = .001) compared with those with single- or no pathway suppression. CONCLUSIONS Suppression of both RIG-I and TLR4 signaling pathways, essential for respective antiviral and antibacterial responses, is common in previously immunocompetent children with influenza-related critical illness and is associated with bacterial coinfection and adverse outcomes. Prospective testing of both pathways may aid in risk-stratification and in immune monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Novak
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston, Mass; Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Mark W Hall
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Douglas R McDonald
- Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Immunology and Harvard Medical School Department of Pediatrics, Boston, Mass
| | - Margaret M Newhams
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | - Anushay J Mistry
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | | | - Peter M Mourani
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colo
| | - Laura L Loftis
- Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Tex
| | - Scott L Weiss
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Keiko M Tarquinio
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Barry Markovitz
- Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Mary E Hartman
- Department of Pediatrics, St Louis Children's Hospital, St Louis, Mo
| | - Adam Schwarz
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, Calif
| | - Wolfgang G Junger
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Adrienne G Randolph
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston, Mass; Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston.
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27
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Fukunaga H, Kaburaki T, Shirahama S, Tanaka R, Murata H, Sato T, Takeuchi M, Tozawa H, Urade Y, Katsura M, Kobayashi M, Wada Y, Soga H, Kawashima H, Kohro T, Aihara M. Analysis of inflammatory mediators in the vitreous humor of eyes with pan-uveitis according to aetiological classification. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2783. [PMID: 32066796 PMCID: PMC7026072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59666-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of uveitis is complicated because of its multiple aetiologies and elevation of various inflammatory mediators. To determine the mediators that are elevated in the vitreous humor according to the aetiology of the uveitis, we examined the concentrations of 21 inflammatory cytokines, 7 chemokines, and 5 colony-stimulating/growth factors in vitreous samples from 57 eyes with uveitis associated with intraocular lymphoma (IOL, n = 13), sarcoidosis (n = 15), acute retinal necrosis (ARN, n = 13), or bacterial endophthalmitis (BE, n = 16). Samples from eyes with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (n = 15), which is not associated with uveitis, were examined as controls. Heat map analysis demonstrated that the patterns of inflammatory mediators in the vitreous humor in eyes with uveitis were disease-specific. Pairwise comparisons between the 5 diseases showed specific elevation of interferon-α2 in ARN and interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A, and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in BE. Pairwise comparisons between IOL, ARN, and BE revealed that levels of IL-10 in IOL, RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) in ARN, and IL-22 in BE were significantly higher than those in the other 2 types of uveitis. These mediators are likely to be involved in the immunopathology of specific types of uveitis and may be useful biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Fukunaga
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Kaburaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, Amanuma, Ohmiya-ku, Saitama, Saitama, 330-8503, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Shirahama
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Rie Tanaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Murata
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomohito Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Masaru Takeuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Hideto Tozawa
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Urade
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Mari Katsura
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Mika Kobayashi
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Youichiro Wada
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Soga
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kawashima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Takahide Kohro
- Department of Medical Informatics, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Makoto Aihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Li Y, Song Y, Zhu L, Wang X, Richers B, Leung DYM, Bin L. Interferon Kappa Is Important for Keratinocyte Host Defense against Herpes Simplex Virus-1. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:5084682. [PMID: 32352019 PMCID: PMC7178474 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5084682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon kappa (IFNκ) is selectively expressed in human keratinocytes. Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) is a human pathogen that infects keratinocytes and causes lytic skin lesions. Whether IFNκ plays a role in keratinocyte host defense against HSV-1 has not been investigated. In this study, we found that IFNκ mRNA expression was induced by addition of recombinant IFNκ and poly (I:C); and its expression level was significantly greater than IFNa2, IFNb1, and IFNL1 in both undifferentiated and differentiated normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) under resting and stimulation conditions. Although IFNe was expressed at a relatively higher level than other IFNs in resting undifferentiated NHEK, its expression level did not change after stimulation with recombinant IFNκ and poly (I:C). HSV-1 infection inhibited gene expression of IFNκ and IFNe in NHEK. Silencing IFNκ in NHEK led to significantly enhanced HSV-1 replication in both undifferentiated and differentiated NHEK compared to scrambled siRNA-transfected cells, while the addition of recombinant IFNκ significantly reduced HSV-1 replication in NHEK. In addition, we found that IFNκ did not regulate protein expression of NHEK differentiation markers. Our results demonstrate that IFNκ is the dominant type of IFNs in keratinocytes and it has an important function for keratinocytes to combat HSV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yueqi Song
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Leqing Zhu
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Brittany Richers
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Lianghua Bin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Liang H, Xu Y. Overexpression of microRNA-216a-3p Accelerates the Inflammatory Response in Cardiomyocytes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Targeting IFN-α2. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:522340. [PMID: 33329376 PMCID: PMC7729074 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.522340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic, hyperglycemia-associated, metabolic disorder. Heart disease is a major complication of T2DM. The present study aimed to explore the effects of miR-216a-3p on cardiomyocyte proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation in T2DM through the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway involving interferon-α2 (IFN-α2) mediation. Methods: T2DM was induced in rats by a high-fat diet, in combination with an intraperitoneal injection of low-dose streptozotocin. ELISAs were conducted to measure inflammatory-related factors in serum. Next, isolated cardiomyocytes were used in loss- and gain-of-function experiments, followed by MTT and flow cytometry assays, conducted to evaluate cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Results: Our results revealed an increase in the inflammatory response in T2DM rat models, accompanied by significantly increased expression of miR-216a-3p and TLR pathway-related genes. However, a decrease in the expression of IFN-α2 was observed. Moreover, the presence of an miR-216a-3p inhibitor and si-IFN-α2 increased the expression of TLR pathway-related genes and cell apoptosis, whereas cell proliferation was significantly decreased in the cardiomyocytes. Conclusion: We found that in T2DM, miR-216a-3p inhibited the proliferation and enhanced the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and generated an inflammatory response through activation of the TLR pathway and targeting of IFN-α2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Liu
- The 2nd Ward, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Yusong Zhang
- Imaging Center, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Hongwei Liang
- Department of Health Care, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- The 2nd Ward, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
- *Correspondence: Yanchao Xu
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30
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Xin XL, Zhang R, Yuan XM, Liu L. Mechanisms of IFNalpha-1a-Induced Apoptosis in a Laryngeal Cancer Cell Line. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7100-7114. [PMID: 31542790 PMCID: PMC6774267 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interferon alpha (IFNalpha) exerts its anti-proliferative effect on many human cancers. Among the 13 subtypes of human IFNalpha, IFNalpha-1 subtype has 2 variants, named IFNalpha-1a and IFNalpha-1b, that differ from each other in only 1 amino acid, at residue 114. However, the mechanism by which IFNalpha-1a mediates growth inhibition is still unclear. Material/Methods Human laryngeal carcinoma HEp2 cells were treated with IFNalpha-1a by either transient transfection or exogenous delivery. Western blot and RT-PCR analysis were carried out to assess apoptotic pathways active in IFNalpha-1a-treated HEp2 cells. Microarray analysis was conducted to uncover the differential gene expressions after IFNalpha-1a treatment. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was also performed. Results IFNalpha-1a markedly inhibited the proliferation and significantly promoted the apoptosis of HEp-2 cells. Mechanistic studies indicate that IFNalpha-1a-mediated cell apoptosis is directly linked to intrinsic and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related apoptosis, but is independent of extrinsic apoptosis. The top 40 differentially expressed genes discovered by microarray analysis included 20 upregulated genes (e.g., IFI6, IFI27, IFI44L, and MIR548X) and 20 downregulated genes (e.g., PRKDC, HIST1H3B, DYNC1H1, and HIST1H2AM). KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that 4 out of 6 pathways are TP53-related. Conclusions We demonstrated a detailed mechanism involved in IFNalpha-1a-mediated anti-proliferation activity in human laryngeal carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Xin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao-Mei Yuan
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (mainland)
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31
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Ziffels B, Stringhini M, Probst P, Fugmann T, Sturm T, Neri D. Antibody-Based Delivery of Cytokine Payloads to Carbonic Anhydrase IX Leads to Cancer Cures in Immunocompetent Tumor-Bearing Mice. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1544-1554. [PMID: 31213507 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-cytokine fusion proteins can have the potential to increase the density and activity of subsets of leukocytes within the tumor mass. Here, we describe the design, production, and characterization of four novel antibody-cytokine fusion proteins directed against human carbonic anhydrase IX, a highly validated marker of hypoxia that is overexpressed in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and other malignancies. As immunomodulatory payloads we used TNF, IL2, IFNα2 (corresponding to products that are in clinical use), and IL12 (as this cytokine potently activates T cells and NK cells). Therapy experiments were performed in BALB/c mice, bearing CT26 tumors transfected with human carbonic anhydrase IX, in order to assess the performance of the fusion proteins in an immunocompetent setting. The biopharmaceuticals featuring TNF, IL2, or IL12 as payloads cured all mice in their therapy groups, whereas only a subset of mice was cured by the antibody-based delivery of IFNα2. Although the antibody fusion with TNF mediated a rapid hemorrhagic necrosis of the tumor mass, a slower regression of the neoplastic lesions (which continued after the last injection) was observed with the other fusion proteins, and treated mice acquired protective anticancer immunity. A high proportion of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells was specific to the retroviral antigen AH1; however, the LGPGREYRAL peptide derived from human carbonic anhydrase IX was also present on tumor cells. The results described herein provide a rationale for the clinical use of fully human antibody-cytokine fusions specific to carbonic anhydrase IX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ziffels
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences (D-CHAB), Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPW), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Stringhini
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences (D-CHAB), Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPW), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Probst
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences (D-CHAB), Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPW), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Dario Neri
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences (D-CHAB), Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPW), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Dose-Dependent Differences in HIV Inhibition by Different Interferon Alpha Subtypes While Having Overall Similar Biologic Effects. mSphere 2019; 4:4/1/e00637-18. [PMID: 30760614 PMCID: PMC6374594 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00637-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the functional role of the IFN-α subtypes is of particular importance for the development of efficacious therapies using exogenous IFN-α. Specifically, this will help define whether IFN therapy should be based on the use of pathogen-dependent IFN subtypes or, rather, IFN mutants with optimized IFNAR binding properties. Type I interferons (IFNs) are key players in the antiviral immune response. Interferon alpha (IFN-α) belongs to this class of IFNs and comprises 12 subtypes that differ from each other in their binding affinities for a common receptor and, thus, in their signaling potencies. Recent data suggest that IFN-α6 and -α14 are the most potent IFN-α subtypes in restricting HIV replication when applied exogenously. However, in the context of antiviral therapy, IFNs are administered at high doses, which may compensate for differences in potency seen between IFN-α subtypes. In this study, we reexamined whether IFN-α subtypes induce different biological activities, with a focus on how IFN-α treatment dose affects cellular responses to HIV in primary CD4+ T cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and macrophages. We found that the subtypes’ antiviral activities were dose dependent, with >90% inhibition of HIV replication at a high dose of all IFN-αs except the weak IFN-α/β receptor (IFNAR) binder, IFN-α1. The quality of the responses engendered by IFN-α1, -α2, -α6, and -α14 was highly comparable, with essentially the same set of genes induced by all four subtypes. Hierarchal cluster analysis revealed that the individual donors were stronger determinants for the IFN-stimulated-gene (ISG) responses than the specific IFN-α subtype used for stimulation. Notably, IFN-α2-derived mutants with substantially reduced IFNAR2 binding still inhibited HIV replication efficiently, whereas mutants with increased IFNAR1 binding potentiated antiviral activity. Overall, our results support the idea that IFN-α subtypes do not induce different biological responses, given that each subtype is exogenously applied at bioequivalent doses. IMPORTANCE Elucidating the functional role of the IFN-α subtypes is of particular importance for the development of efficacious therapies using exogenous IFN-α. Specifically, this will help define whether IFN therapy should be based on the use of pathogen-dependent IFN subtypes or, rather, IFN mutants with optimized IFNAR binding properties.
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Moustafa S, Joseph DN, Taylor RN, Whirledge S. New models of lipopolysaccharide-induced implantation loss reveal insights into the inflammatory response. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 81:e13082. [PMID: 30604526 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Chronic endometritis, inflammation of the uterizzvvne lining caused by common gram-negative bacterial strains or mycoplasma, has been associated with unexplained implantation failure and infertility. However, limited models of bacteria-induced implantation loss exist to study the molecular changes that occur in vivo. The goal of this study was to provide a new resource to study the process of bacteria-induced inflammation and implantation loss utilizing common experimental models: C57Bl/6 mice and primary human endometrial stromal cells. METHOD OF STUDY Prior to implantation, mated C57Bl/6 females were administered vehicle (saline) or gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a range of concentrations by intraperitoneal injection. Implantation sites were counted, and uteri were harvested to evaluate the molecular changes that accompany LPS-mediated implantation loss. Primary human endometrial stromal cells were decidualized in vitro in the presence and absence of LPS. Total RNA and conditioned media were harvested to evaluate the expression of known decidualization-associated genes and various cytokines and chemokines. RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide treatment resulted in fewer implantation sites in mice, decreased expression of decidualization-associated genes, and altered expression and release of cytokines and chemokines. Immunohistological analysis of the uterus from LPS-exposed mice demonstrated increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation during decidualization. CONCLUSION Lipopolysaccharide exposure disrupted implantation and decidualization in mice and human endometrial stromal cells. This model could be used to study the pathophysiology of implantation failure in patients with chronic endometritis or to test potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Moustafa
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Dana N Joseph
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Robert N Taylor
- Utah Center for Reproductive Health, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Shannon Whirledge
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Ge H, Farris CM, Tong M, Maina A, Richards AL. Transcriptional profiles of cytokines and chemokines reveal important pro-inflammatory response from endothelial cells during Orientia tsutsugamushi infection. Microbes Infect 2019; 21:313-320. [PMID: 30684683 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) are key targets during Orientia tsutsugamushi infection. Knowledge of the pro-inflammatory response against O. tsutsugamushi by ECs is limited. The aim of the present study was to characterize the pro-inflammatory transcriptional response during the first 24 h of infection of the human dermal microvascular endothelial cell line with O. tsutsugamushi Karp by examining five-time points. The transcriptional profiles of 84 genes including cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and TNF receptor superfamily genes were studied using a RT-PCR array. We identified 40 of the 84 genes that were up or down modulated during the early O. tsutsugamushi infection that differed remarkably from genes of non-infected cells. The modulated genes included: the interleukins (IL-1α/β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, IL-11, IL-18, and IL-24), chemokines (CXCL8, CCL2/MCP1, CCL5/RANTES, and CCL17), growth factors (NODAL, CNTF, and CSF2/GM-CSF), and TNFSF13B. IL-1β, IL-4, and IL-11 were highly induced at one hour post infection, whereas, CCL17 was profoundly up-regulated and IFNα2 was greatly down-regulated during the entire 24-hour time course. These results provide insight into the early pro-inflammatory response of endothelial cells to O. tsutsugamushi infection and indicate their potential role in the pathophysiology of the host's initial response to O. tsutsugamushi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ge
- Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Christina M Farris
- Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA; US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Min Tong
- Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Alice Maina
- Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Allen L Richards
- Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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Engineering Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for Expression of Functionally Active Human Interferon-α. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 61:134-144. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-018-0143-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Yuliantie E, Dai X, Yang D, Crack PJ, Wang MW. High-throughput screening for small molecule inhibitors of the type-I interferon signaling pathway. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:889-899. [PMID: 30505658 PMCID: PMC6251811 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines with fundamental roles in resistance to infections, cancer and other diseases. Type-I IFNs, interferon α (IFN-α) and interferon β (IFN-β), act through a shared receptor complex (IFNAR) comprised of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 subunits. Binding of type-I IFN to IFNAR1 will robustly activate Janus activated kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway. Aberrant activation of the type-I IFN response results in a spectrum of disorders called interferonopathies. The purpose of this research is to develop an assay for high-throughput screening (HTS) of small molecule inhibitors of the type-I IFN signaling pathway. Inhibition of type-I IFN signaling can be beneficial in terms of therapeutic use and understanding the underlying mechanism of action. We report here a HTS campaign with the secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter gene assay against 32,000 compounds which yielded 25 confirmed hits. These compounds were subsequently characterized for their cytotoxicity, effects on STAT phosphorylation and activities in IFN regulatory factor (IRF) transcription.
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Key Words
- CV, coefficient of variation
- DMEM, Dulbecco׳s modified Eagle׳s medium
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- FRET, fluorescence resonance energy transfer
- HEK, human embryonic kidney
- HTS, high-throughput screening
- High-throughput screening
- IFN regulatory factor
- IFN, interferon
- IFNAR, IFN alpha receptor
- IRF, IFN regulatory factor
- ISGF3, IFN-stimulated gene factor 3
- ISRE, IFN-stimulated response element
- Inhibitor
- Interferon α receptor
- JAK, Janus activated kinase
- JAK-STAT
- S/B, signal to background ratio
- SEAP, secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase
- STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription
- Secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase
- TYK, tyrosine kinase
- cDNA, complementary DNA
- pSTAT, phosphorylated STAT
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Li Y, Sun B, Esser S, Jessen H, Streeck H, Widera M, Yang R, Dittmer U, Sutter K. Expression Pattern of Individual IFNA Subtypes in Chronic HIV Infection. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2018; 37:541-549. [PMID: 29252127 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2017.0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-α (IFN-α) plays an important role in HIV pathogenesis. IFN-α consists of 13 individual IFN-α subtypes, which exhibit individual antiviral and immunomodulatory activities in HIV infection. Here, we determined the expression profiles of all IFN-α subtypes in treated and treatment-naive HIV+ patients and their impact on the induction of distinct HIV restriction factors. We collected blood samples of chronic HIV+ patients, which underwent antiretroviral therapy or were treatment-naive, and determined the individual expression levels of different IFN-α subtypes and HIV restriction factors. HIV infection transiently enhanced the expression of IFNA mRNA. The IFN-α response was dominated by the most abundantly expressed subtypes IFNA4, A5, A7, and A14 in all individuals. HIV infection affected the expression pattern of the IFN-α response, in particular for IFNA2 and IFNA16, which were elevated by chronic HIV infection. Elevated expression of HIV restriction factors was observed in chronically HIV-infected patients, which partly decreased during successful antiretroviral treatment. In vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells revealed that IFN-α6, -α14, and -α21 were most effective in inducing the expression of HIV restriction factors. These results indicate that HIV infection induces a specific expression pattern of IFN-α subtypes, which in turn induce the expression of various HIV restriction factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Li
- 1 Wuhan Institute of Virology , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Binlian Sun
- 1 Wuhan Institute of Virology , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Stefan Esser
- 2 Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| | | | - Hendrik Streeck
- 4 Institute for HIV Research, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Marek Widera
- 5 Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Rongge Yang
- 1 Wuhan Institute of Virology , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- 5 Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Sutter
- 5 Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen , Essen, Germany
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Transient Hypothyroidism and Autoimmune Thyroiditis in Children With Chronic Hepatitis C Treated With Pegylated-interferon-α-2b and Ribavirin. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2018; 37:287-291. [PMID: 28953189 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000001791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune thyroid disease and thyroid dysfunction are common in adults receiving interferon (IFN)-based treatment for chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Few data are available in children with CHC. This study is aimed to evaluate the appearance and timing of thyroid dysfunction and antithyroid autoimmunity in children with CHC treated with pegylated IFN-α-2b and ribavirin (RBV). METHODS Sixty-one otherwise healthy children with CHC, 3-17 years of age, infected perinatally and treatment naïve, receiving therapy with pegylated IFN-α-2b and RBV and 183 age- and sex-matched controls were included in a multicenter, prospective, case-control study. Thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, antithyroglobulin antibodies and antithyroid peroxidase antibodies were assessed before, during and 24 weeks after the end of treatment. RESULTS From baseline to the end of treatment, subclinical hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroiditis were diagnosed in 17 of 61 (27.94%) and in 4 of 61 (6.6%) of the children treated, respectively, and in 5 of 183 (2.7%) and in none of the controls (P < 0.0001, relative risk: 10.2, 95% confidence interval: 3.9-26.5; P = 0.03, relative risk: 26.8, 95% confidence interval: 1.5-489.1, respectively). Twenty-four weeks after the end of treatment, subclinical hypothyroidism persisted in only 4 of 61 (6.6%). Autoimmune thyroiditis persisted in 3 of 4 (75%) of the cases. CONCLUSIONS Subclinical hypothyroidism is common in children with CHC receiving treatment with pegylated IFN-α-2b and RBV, but in most cases is transient. Autoimmune thyroiditis, which is less common, generally persists after treatment completion. Thyroid function should be carefully monitored in patients presenting with antithyroid autoantibodies and thyroid dysfunction during and after pegylated IFN-α-based treatment.
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Wu ZY, Li JR, Huang MH, Cheng JJ, Li H, Chen JH, Lv XQ, Peng ZG, Jiang JD. Internal driving factors leading to extrahepatic manifestation of the hepatitis C virus infection. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1792-1802. [PMID: 29039494 PMCID: PMC5716440 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with various extrahepatic manifestations, which are correlated with poor outcomes, and thus increase the morbidity and mortality of chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Therefore, understanding the internal linkages between systemic manifestations and HCV infection is helpful for treatment of CHC. Yet, the mechanism by which the virus evokes the systemic diseases remains to be elucidated. In the present study, using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and signaling pathway impact analysis (SPIA), a comprehensive analysis of microarray data of mRNAs was conducted in HCV-infected and -uninfected Huh7.5 cells, and signaling pathways (which are significantly activated or inhibited) and certain molecules (which are commonly important in those signaling pathways) were selected. Forty signaling pathways were selected using GSEA, and eight signaling pathways were selected with SPIA. These pathways are associated with cancer, metabolism, environmental information processing and organismal systems, which provide important information for further clarifying the intrinsic associations between syndromes of HCV infection, of which seven pathways were not previously reported, including basal transcription factors, pathogenic Escherichia coli infection, shigellosis, gastric acid secretion, dorso-ventral axis formation, amoebiasis and cholinergic synapse. Ten genes, SOS1, RAF1, IFNA2, IFNG, MTHFR, IGF1, CALM3, UBE2B, TP53 and BMP7 whose expression may be the key internal driving molecules, were selected using the online tool Anni 2.1. Furthermore, the present study demonstrated the internal linkages between systemic manifestations and HCV infection, and presented the potential molecules that are key to those linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou-Yi Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Rui Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Hao Huang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Jun Cheng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Hu Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Hua Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qin Lv
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Zong-Gen Peng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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Bahcecioglu IH, Sahin A. Treatment of Delta Hepatitis: Today and in the Future - A review. Infect Dis (Lond) 2017; 49:241-250. [DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2016.1271998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdurrahman Sahin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medicine Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Berry CM. Understanding Interferon Subtype Therapy for Viral Infections: Harnessing the Power of the Innate Immune System. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 31:83-90. [PMID: 27544015 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Type I and III interferons (IFNs) of the innate immune system belong to a polygenic family, however the individual subtype mediators of the antiviral response in viral infections have been hindered by a lack of reagents. Evaluation studies using different IFN subtypes have distinguished distinct protein properties with different efficacies towards different viruses, opening promising avenues for immunotherapy. This review largely focuses on the application of IFN-α/β and IFN-λ therapies for viral infections, influenza, herpes, HIV and hepatitis. Such IFN subtype therapies may help to cure patients with virus infections where no vaccine exists. The ability of cell types to secrete a number of IFN subtypes from a multi-gene family may be an intuitive counterattack on viruses that evade IFN subtype responses. Hence, clinical use of virus-targeted IFN subtypes may restore antiviral immunity in viral infections. Accumulating evidence suggests that individual IFN subtypes have differential efficacies in selectively activating immune cell subsets to enhance antiviral immune responses leading to production of sustained B and T cell memory. Cytokine therapy can augment innate immunity leading to clearance of acute virus infections but such treatments may have limited effects on chronic virus infections that establish lifelong latency. Therefore, exploiting individual IFN subtypes to select those with the ability to sculpt protective responses as well as reinstating those targeted by viral evasion mechanisms may inform development of improved antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra M Berry
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Ceaglio N, Gugliotta A, Tardivo MB, Cravero D, Etcheverrigaray M, Kratje R, Oggero M. Improvement of in vitro stability and pharmacokinetics of hIFN-α by fusing the carboxyl-terminal peptide of hCG β-subunit. J Biotechnol 2016; 221:13-24. [PMID: 26806490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Improving in vivo half-life and in vitro stability of protein-based therapeutics is a current challenge for the biopharmaceutical industry. In particular, recombinant human interferon alpha-2b (rhIFN-α2b), which belongs to a group of cytokines extensively used for the treatment of viral diseases and cancers, shows a poor stability in solution and an extremely short plasma half-life which determines a strict therapeutic regimen comprising high and repeated doses. In this work, we have used a strategy based on the fusion of the carboxyl-terminal peptide (CTP) of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) β-subunit, bearing four O-linked oligosaccharide recognition sites, to each or both N- and C-terminal ends of rhIFN-α2b. Molecules containing from 5 (CTP-IFN and IFN-CTP) to 9 (CTP-IFN-CTP) O-glycosylation sites were efficiently expressed and secreted to CHO cells supernatants, and exhibited antiviral and antiproliferative bioactivities in vitro. Significant improvements in pharmacokinetics in rats were achieved through this approach, since the doubly CTP-modified IFN variant showed a 10-fold longer elimination half-life and a 19-fold decreased plasma apparent clearance compared to the wild-type cytokine. Moreover, CTP-IFN-CTP demonstrated a significant increase in in vitro thermal resistance and a higher stability against plasma protease inactivation, both features attributed to the stabilizing effects of the O-glycans provided by the CTP moiety. These results constitute the first report that postulates CTP as a tag for improving both the in vitro and in vivo stability of rhIFN-α2b which, in turn, would positively influence its in vivo bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ceaglio
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje "El Pozo", C.C. 242, S3000ZAA Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Agustina Gugliotta
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje "El Pozo", C.C. 242, S3000ZAA Santa Fe, Argentina
| | | | - Dianela Cravero
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje "El Pozo", C.C. 242, S3000ZAA Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Marina Etcheverrigaray
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje "El Pozo", C.C. 242, S3000ZAA Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Kratje
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje "El Pozo", C.C. 242, S3000ZAA Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Marcos Oggero
- Cell Culture Laboratory, School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje "El Pozo", C.C. 242, S3000ZAA Santa Fe, Argentina
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