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Naghibzadeh-Tahami A, Karamoozian A, Iranpour A, Mirshekarpour H, Zahedi MJ, Enhesari A, Haghdoost AA. Is opium use related to the increased risk of oral cavity cancers? A case-control study in Iran. Cancer Epidemiol 2024; 91:102602. [PMID: 38917615 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2024.102602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cavity cancers (OCCs) are the sixth most prevalent cancers in the world. There are strong evidences showing the risk of the cigarette smoking, alcohol use, poor oral hygiene and some types of diets in OCCs; however, few studies explored the relationship between opium and its derivatives (O&D) use and OCCs incidence. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between consumption of O&D and the incidence of OCCs. METHODS In a case-control; 133 patients with OCCs and 266 healthy controls matched by age, sex, and place of residence were included. Data, including cigarette smoking, O&D, alcohol and others tobacco (Nass, pipe and hookah) use and diet, were collected using a structured questionnaire. The relation between the use of O&D and OCCs was evaluated using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS Opium ever-use was associated with an increased risk of OCCs (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) =2.36, 95 % CI: 1.16-4.78). A dose-response relation was observed between the amount of daily O&D use and OCCs; and the relation was stronger in high users (AOR for low users = 1.38, 95 %CI: 0.58-3.24 and AOR for high users = 4.85, 95 % CI:1.79-13.11). Those who used opium for more than 18 years were highly at risk of OCCs (AOR= 5.04, 95 % CI, 2.00-12.68). Also, OCCs was higher among subjects starting the use of O&D at younger ages (≤ 50 years old vs never users AOR = 3.32, 95 % CI: 1.19-9.23). The smoking method of consuming O&D increased the odds of getting OCCs more than twice (AOR= 2.02, 95 % CI, 1.03-3.94), and using both smoking and oral consumption simultaneously, increased the odds of getting OCCs more than 8 times (AOR= 8.57, 95 % CI, 1.68-43.70). Also, the use of other tobacco products (Nass, pipe and hookah) increases the odds of getting OCCs by 4 times (AOR= 3.90, 95 % CI, 1.12-13.57) CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that opium use is probably a dose related risk factor for oral cavity cancers. Therefore, it is necessary to implement preventive policies to control the use of opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Karamoozian
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abedin Iranpour
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hosein Mirshekarpour
- Clinical Research Unit, Shafa Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohamad Javad Zahedi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ahmad Enhesari
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali-Akbar Haghdoost
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Zhou Y, Song K, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Dai M, Wu D, Chen H. Burden of six major types of digestive system cancers globally and in China. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024:00029330-990000000-01130. [PMID: 38958046 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digestive system cancers constitute a significant number of cancer cases, but their burden is not uniform. As Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) 2022 has recently updated its estimates of cancer burden, we aimed to investigate the burden of six major digestive system cancers both worldwide and in China, along with geographical and temporal variations in cancer-specific incidence and mortality. METHODS We extracted data on primary cancers of the esophagus, stomach, colorectum, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder from the GLOBOCAN database for 2022. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated and stratified by sex, country, region, and human development index (HDI). We used the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects (United Nations) to obtain demographic data for various age groups in China from 1988 to 2012 and used the joinpoint model and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) to analyze cancer incidence trends in China. RESULTS In 2022, the estimated global incidence of digestive system cancers reached 4,905,882, with an estimated 3,324,774 cancer-related deaths. Colorectal cancer was most prevalent in terms of incidence and mortality. There was a significant correlation between the burden of gastrointestinal cancers and country HDI. From 1988 to 2012, the incidence of esophageal, gastric, and liver cancers declined in China, whereas colorectal and pancreatic cancer incidences continued to increase. By 2050, colorectal and liver cancers are projected to remain the leading cancer types in China in terms of incidence and mortality, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Digestive system cancers remain a significant public health challenge globally and in China. Although progress has been made in the prevention and control of some cancers, the burden of digestive system cancers persists. The implementation of tertiary prevention strategies must be intensified to reduce the incidence and mortality of digestive system cancers, mitigating their impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Zhou
- Center for Prevention and Early Intervention, National Infrastructures for Translational Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Kai Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Center for Prevention and Early Intervention, National Infrastructures for Translational Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuelun Zhang
- Center for Prevention and Early Intervention, National Infrastructures for Translational Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, Xizang autonomous region 85000, China
| | - Hongda Chen
- Center for Prevention and Early Intervention, National Infrastructures for Translational Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Mengistu ST, Kesete Y, Achila OO, Fikadu GT, Abrhaley F, Fikadu ET, Said SM, Gheberehiwet MA, Hamida ME, Ghidei YT. High Incidence of Esophageal Cancer in Women in Eritrea and Its Potential Link to Low Age at Menopause: Evidence from a 10-Year Retrospective Data Analysis. J Cancer Epidemiol 2024; 2024:5566016. [PMID: 38962101 PMCID: PMC11221988 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5566016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Detecting a group of esophageal cancer (EC) cases in endemic regions is essential in identifying high-risk populations and executing appropriate interventions. The main aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology of EC in Eritrea. Methods A retrospective (period: 2011 - 2021) study was carried out by abstracting data on EC patients from the logbook kept at the National Health Laboratory (ENHL). Information on socio-demographic, clinical history, and biopsy analysis findings was collected. For the statistical assessment of data, the End Results (SEER) Joinpoint Regression Program (V.4.5.0.1) was used to calculate crude incidence rate (CIR), age-adjusted incidence rate (ASR), and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) by sex, age, and histotype. Results A total of 189 patient's samples (134 (70.9%) females vs. 55 (29.1%) males, ratio 2.43 : 1) were evaluated. Of the 155 patients with EC, 44 (28.4%) and 111 (71.6%) were diagnosed with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), respectively (AC/ESCC ratio, 0.4). The median age (IQR) of patients with EC was 60 years (46.0 - 70 years) - (males 62 (IQR: 49.0 - 77 years) vs. females 60 (IQR: 46 -67 years), p-value =0.43. Within age bands, the F: M ratios in patients with ESCC were as follows: >20 -29 years =2: 1; 30-39 years =8 : 1; 40 - 49 years =10.5 : 1; 50-59 years =6.67 : 1; 60-69 years =3.25.1; 70-79 years =1.5 : 1 and>80 years =2 : 1. The all-age CIR and ASR for EC were 0.468 per 100 000 and 2.281 per 100 000 persons, respectively. Similarly, the all-age ASR for both males and females was 2.88 per 100 000 and 1.61 per 100 000. Over the study period, the EAPC for all cases was -3.0% (95% CI, -11.3 to 6.1, p-value =0.455). Conclusion In large part, EC is a women's disease in Eritrea. The unusually high incidence of ESCC and the high female-to-male ratio point at sex-dependent exposures as a major driver of the EAC epidemic in the country. Therefore, research on the risk factors of EC in Eritrea is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yafet Kesete
- Nakfa HospitalMinistry of Health Northern Red Sea branch, Nakfa, Eritrea
| | | | - Genet Tekeste Fikadu
- Department of PathologyNational Health LaboratoryMinistry of Health, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Feven Abrhaley
- Department of PathologyNational Health LaboratoryMinistry of Health, Asmara, Eritrea
| | | | - Salih Mohammed Said
- Department of MicrobiologyNational Health LaboratoryMinistry of Health, Asmara, Eritrea
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Lin CH, Cheng PL, Chuang CY, Kang YT, Lee LW, Hsiao TH, Hsu CP. The Expression of TP63 as a Biomarker of Early Recurrence in Resected Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1101. [PMID: 38791062 PMCID: PMC11117789 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer ranks among the ten most common cancers worldwide. Despite the adoption of neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (nCCRT) followed by surgery as the standard treatment approach in recent years, the local recurrence rate remains high. In this study, we employed RNA-seq to investigate distinctive gene expression profiles in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) with or without recurrence following a standard treatment course. Our findings indicate that recurrent ESCC exhibits heightened keratinizing and epidermis development activity compared to non-recurrent ESCC. We identified TP63 as a potential candidate for distinguishing clinical outcomes. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry confirmed the trend of TP63 overexpression in ESCC recurrence. Patients with elevated TP63 expression had poorer overall survival and lower 3-year recurrence-free survival. This study underscores the potential of TP63 as a biomarker for detecting cancer recurrence and suggests its role in guiding future treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Lin
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Po-Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Cheng-Yeh Chuang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (C.-Y.C.)
| | - Yu-Ting Kang
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (Y.-T.K.); (L.-W.L.)
| | - Li-Wen Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (Y.-T.K.); (L.-W.L.)
| | - Tzu-Hung Hsiao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (Y.-T.K.); (L.-W.L.)
- Research Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ping Hsu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (C.-Y.C.)
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
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5
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Bhartiya D, Raouf S, Pansare K, Tripathi A, Tripathi A. Initiation of Cancer: The Journey From Mutations in Somatic Cells to Epigenetic Changes in Tissue-resident VSELs. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:857-880. [PMID: 38457060 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10694-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Multiple theories exist to explain cancer initiation, although a consensus on this is crucial for developing effective therapies. 'Somatic mutation theory' suggests that mutations in somatic cells during DNA repair initiates cancer but this concept has several attached paradoxes. Research efforts to identify quiescent cancer stem cells (CSCs) that survive therapy and result in metastasis and recurrence have remained futile. In solid cancers, CSCs are suggested to appear during epithelial-mesenchymal transition by the dedifferentiation and reprogramming of epithelial cells. Pluripotent and quiescent very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) exist in multiple tissues but remain elusive owing to their small size and scarce nature. VSELs are developmentally connected to primordial germ cells, undergo rare, asymmetrical cell divisions and are responsible for the regular turnover of cells to maintain tissue homeostasis throughout life. VSELs are directly vulnerable to extrinsic endocrine insults because they express gonadal and gonadotropin hormone receptors. VSELs undergo epigenetic changes due to endocrine insults and transform into CSCs. CSCs exhibit genomic instability and develop mutations due to errors during DNA replication while undergoing excessive proliferation and clonal expansion to form spheroids. Thus tissue-resident VSELs offer a connection between extrinsic insults and variations in cancer incidence reported in various body tissues. To conclude, cancer is indeed a stem cell disease with mutations occurring as a consequence. In addition to immunotherapy, targeting mutations, and Lgr5 + organoids for developing new therapeutics, targeting CSCs (epigenetically altered VSELs) by improving their niche and epigenetic status could serve as a promising strategy to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Bhartiya
- Epigeneres Biotech Pvt Ltd, Todi Mill Compound, Senapati Bapat Marg, Lower Parel, 400013, Mumbai, India.
| | | | - Kshama Pansare
- Epigeneres Biotech Pvt Ltd, Todi Mill Compound, Senapati Bapat Marg, Lower Parel, 400013, Mumbai, India
| | - Anish Tripathi
- Epigeneres Biotech Pvt Ltd, Todi Mill Compound, Senapati Bapat Marg, Lower Parel, 400013, Mumbai, India
| | - Ashish Tripathi
- Epigeneres Biotech Pvt Ltd, Todi Mill Compound, Senapati Bapat Marg, Lower Parel, 400013, Mumbai, India
- 23Ikigai Pte Ltd, 30 Cecil Street, #21-08 Prudentsial Tower, Singapore, 049712, Singapore
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Bhat AA, Kukreti N, Afzal M, Goyal A, Thapa R, Ali H, Shahwan M, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, Singh SK, Dua K, Gupta G. Ferroptosis and circular RNAs: new horizons in cancer therapy. EXCLI JOURNAL 2024; 23:570-599. [PMID: 38887390 PMCID: PMC11180955 DOI: 10.17179/excli2024-7005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Cancer poses intricate challenges to treatment due to its complexity and diversity. Ferroptosis and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are emerging as innovative therapeutic avenues amid the evolving landscape of cancer therapy. Extensive investigations into circRNAs reveal their diverse roles, ranging from molecular regulators to pivotal influencers of ferroptosis in cancer cell lines. The results underscore the significance of circRNAs in modulating molecular pathways that impact crucial aspects of cancer development, including cell survival, proliferation, and metastasis. A detailed analysis delineates these pathways, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms through which circRNAs influence ferroptosis. Building upon recent experimental findings, the study evaluates the therapeutic potential of targeting circRNAs to induce ferroptosis. By identifying specific circRNAs associated with the etiology of cancer, this analysis paves the way for the development of targeted therapeutics that exploit vulnerabilities in cancer cells. This review consolidates the existing understanding of ferroptosis and circRNAs, emphasizing their role in cancer therapy and providing impetus for ongoing research in this dynamic field. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Ahmad Bhat
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Neelima Kukreti
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahsas Goyal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, U. P., India
| | - Riya Thapa
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Haider Ali
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyrgyz State Medical College, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, 72341, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Center in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo-NSW 2007, Australia
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Center in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo-NSW 2007, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo-NSW 2007, Australia
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
- Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates
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Qi JH, Huang SL, Jin SZ. Novel milestones for early esophageal carcinoma: From bench to bed. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:1104-1118. [PMID: 38660637 PMCID: PMC11037034 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i4.1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the seventh most common cancer worldwide, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) accounts for the majority of cases of EC. To effectively diagnose and treat ESCC and improve patient prognosis, timely diagnosis in the initial phase of the illness is necessary. This article offers a detailed summary of the latest advancements and emerging technologies in the timely identification of ECs. Molecular biology and epigenetics approaches involve the use of molecular mechanisms combined with fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), high-throughput sequencing technology (next-generation sequencing), and digital PCR technology to study endogenous or exogenous biomolecular changes in the human body and provide a decision-making basis for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases. The investigation of the microbiome is a swiftly progressing area in human cancer research, and microorganisms with complex functions are potential components of the tumor microenvironment. The intratumoral microbiota was also found to be connected to tumor progression. The application of endoscopy as a crucial technique for the early identification of ESCC has been essential, and with ongoing advancements in technology, endoscopy has continuously improved. With the advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, the utilization of AI in the detection of gastrointestinal tumors has become increasingly prevalent. The implementation of AI can effectively resolve the discrepancies among observers, improve the detection rate, assist in predicting the depth of invasion and differentiation status, guide the pericancerous margins, and aid in a more accurate diagnosis of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Han Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shi-Ling Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shi-Zhu Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
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8
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Lee YY, Roslan NS, Tee V, Koo TH, Ibrahim YS. Climate Change and the Esophagus: Speculations on Changing Disease Patterns as the World Warms. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2023; 25:280-288. [PMID: 37656421 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-023-00888-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Esophageal disorders, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), and esophageal cancer, may be affected by climate change. Our review describes the impact of climate change on risk factors associated with esophageal diseases and speculates how these climate-related factors impacted esophageal disorders and their management. RECENT FINDINGS Climate change is responsible for extreme weather conditions (shifts in rainfall, floods, droughts, and forest fires) and global warming. These consequences affect basic human needs of water and food, causing changes in population dynamics and pose significant threats to digestive health, including common esophageal disorders like GERD, EoE, and esophageal cancers. The changing patterns of esophageal diseases with climate change are likely mediated through risk factors, including nutrition, pollutants, microplastics, and the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The healthcare process itself, including GI endoscopy practices commonly employed in diagnosing and therapeutics of esophageal diseases, may, in turn, contribute to climate change through plastic wastage and greenhouse gas emissions, thus creating the climate change lifecycle. Breaking the cycle would involve changes at the individual level, community level, and national policy level. Prevention is key, with individuals identifying and remediating risk factors and reducing carbon footprints. The ABC (Advocacy, Broadcast, and Collaborate) activities would help enhance awareness at the community level. Higher-level programs such as the Bracing Resilience Against Climate Effects (BRACE) would lead to broader and larger-scale adoption of public health adaptation strategies at the national level. The impact of climate change on esophageal disorders is likely real, mediated by several risk factors, and creates a climate change lifecycle that may only break if changes are made at individual, community, and national levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Yeh Lee
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia.
- GI Function and Motility Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kota Bharu, Malaysia.
| | - Nur Sakinah Roslan
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Vincent Tee
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Thai Hau Koo
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Yusof Shuaib Ibrahim
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
- Microplastic Research Interest Group, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
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9
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Karki D, Pant P, Shrestha A, Chhetri ST, Kadel I, Karna GP. Esophageal squamous carcinoma in a 25-year-old female, changing trend in epidemiology: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e8134. [PMID: 37915734 PMCID: PMC10616536 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Timely diagnosis, comprehensive assessment, and a multidisciplinary treatment approach are essential for young patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, even when conventional risk factors are absent. This report emphasizes the need for increased clinical awareness and improved patient outcomes in an evolving epidemiological landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prashant Pant
- Department of Internal MedicineStar HospitalLalitpurNepal
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10
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Chen WC, Brandenburg JT, Choudhury A, Hayat M, Sengupta D, Swiel Y, Babb de Villiers C, Ferndale L, Aldous C, Soo CC, Lee S, Curtis C, Newton R, Waterboer T, Sitas F, Bradshaw D, Abnet CC, Ramsay M, Parker MI, Singh E, Lewis CM, Mathew CG. Genome-wide association study of esophageal squamous cell cancer identifies shared and distinct risk variants in African and Chinese populations. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:1690-1703. [PMID: 37673066 PMCID: PMC10577073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has a high disease burden in sub-Saharan Africa and has a very poor prognosis. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of ESCC in predominantly East Asian populations indicate a substantial genetic contribution to its etiology, but no genome-wide studies have been done in populations of African ancestry. Here, we report a GWAS in 1,686 African individuals with ESCC and 3,217 population-matched control individuals to investigate its genetic etiology. We identified a genome-wide-significant risk locus on chromosome 9 upstream of FAM120A (rs12379660, p = 4.58 × 10-8, odds ratio = 1.28, 95% confidence interval = 1.22-1.34), as well as a potential African-specific risk locus on chromosome 2 (rs142741123, p = 5.49 × 10-8) within MYO1B. FAM120A is a component of oxidative stress-induced survival signals, and the associated variants at the FAM120A locus co-localized with highly significant cis-eQTLs in FAM120AOS in both esophageal mucosa and esophageal muscularis tissue. A trans-ethnic meta-analysis was then performed with the African ESCC study and a Chinese ESCC study in a combined total of 3,699 ESCC-affected individuals and 5,918 control individuals, which identified three genome-wide-significant loci on chromosome 9 at FAM120A (rs12379660, pmeta = 9.36 × 10-10), chromosome 10 at PLCE1 (rs7099485, pmeta = 1.48 × 10-8), and chromosome 22 at CHEK2 (rs1033667, pmeta = 1.47 × 10-9). This indicates the existence of both shared and distinct genetic risk loci for ESCC in African and Asian populations. Our GWAS of ESCC conducted in a population of African ancestry indicates a substantial genetic contribution to ESCC risk in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Carl Chen
- National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa; Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa; Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Jean-Tristan Brandenburg
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Ananyo Choudhury
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Mahtaab Hayat
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Dhriti Sengupta
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Yaniv Swiel
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; School of Electrical & Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Chantal Babb de Villiers
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
| | - Lucien Ferndale
- Department of Surgery, Grey's Hospital, Pietermaritzburg 3200, South Africa; College of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Colleen Aldous
- College of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Cassandra C Soo
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Sang Lee
- Social, Genetic and Development Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF London, UK; NIHR BioResource Centre Maudsley, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, SE5 8AF London, UK
| | - Charles Curtis
- Social, Genetic and Development Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF London, UK; NIHR BioResource Centre Maudsley, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, SE5 8AF London, UK
| | - Rob Newton
- MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda; University of York, YO10 5DD York, UK
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Freddy Sitas
- Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, School of Population, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Menzies Centre of Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Debbie Bradshaw
- Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michele Ramsay
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - M Iqbal Parker
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Elvira Singh
- National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- Social, Genetic and Development Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, SE5 8AF London, UK; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9RT London, UK
| | - Christopher G Mathew
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9RT London, UK.
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11
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Guo HX, Wang Q, Wang C, Yin QC, Huo HZ, Yin BH. Secular Trends in Gastric and Esophageal Cancer Attributable to Dietary Carcinogens From 1990 to 2019 and Projections Until 2044 in China: Population-Based Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2023; 9:e48449. [PMID: 37560940 PMCID: PMC10556999 DOI: 10.2196/48449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about trends in or projections of the disease burden of dietary gastric and esophageal cancer (GEC) in China. OBJECTIVE We aim to report GEC deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2019, predict them through 2044, and decompose changes in terms of population growth, population aging, and epidemiological changes. METHODS We retrieved dietary GEC data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) online database and used joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort models to analyze trends in dietary GEC deaths and DALYs from 1990 to 2019 in China. We used a Bayesian age period cohort model of integrated nested Laplace approximations to predict the disease burden of GEC through 2044 and obtained the estimated population of China from 2020 to 2050 from the Global Health Data Exchange website. Finally, we applied a recently developed decomposition method to attribute changes between 2019 and 2044 to population growth, population aging, and epidemiological changes. RESULTS The summary exposure values and age-standardized rates decreased significantly from 1990 to 1999, with percentage changes of -0.06% (95% CI -0.11% to -0.02%) and -0.05% (95% CI -0.1% to -0.02%), respectively. From 1990 to 2019, for dietary esophageal cancer, the percentage change in age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) was -0.79% (95% CI -0.93% to -0.58%) and the percentage change in age-standardized DALY rate (ASDR) was -0.81% (95% CI -0.94% to -0.61%); these were significant decreases. For dietary stomach cancer, significant decreases were also observed for the percentage change in ASMR (-0.43%, 95% CI -0.55% to -0.31%) and the percentage change in ASDR (-0.47%, 95% CI -0.58% to -0.35%). In addition, data from both the joinpoint regression and annual percentage change analyses demonstrated significantly decreasing trends for the annual percentage change in ASMR and ASDR for GEC attributable to dietary carcinogens. The overall annual percentage change (net drift) was -5.95% (95% CI -6.25% to -5.65%) for dietary esophageal cancer mortality and -1.97% (95% CI -2.11% to -1.83%) for dietary stomach cancer mortality. Lastly, in 2044, dietary esophageal cancer deaths and DALYs were predicted to increase by 192.62% and 170.28%, respectively, due to age structure (121.58% and 83.29%), mortality change (76.81% and 92.43%), and population size (-5.77% and -5.44%). In addition, dietary stomach cancer deaths and DALYs were predicted to increase by 118.1% and 54.08%, with age structure, mortality rate change, and population size accounting for 96.71% and 53.99%, 26.17% and 3.97%, and -4.78% and -3.88% of the change, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Although the predicted age-standardized rates of mortality and DALYs due to dietary GEC show downward trends, the absolute numbers are still predicted to increase in the next 25 years due to rapid population aging in China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qi Wang
- Handan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Can Wang
- Handan Central Hospital, Handan, China
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12
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Noronha V, Sekar A, Rajendra A, Mokal S, Patil V, Menon N, Chopade S, Singh AK, Kaushal RK, Mahajan A, Janu A, Purandare N, Dikshit R, Banavali S, Prabhash K, Badwe R. Epidemiological Trend of Esophageal Cancer at a Tertiary Cancer Center in Mumbai, India, Over the Past 15 Years. J Gastrointest Cancer 2023; 54:903-912. [PMID: 36418768 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-022-00887-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In developed countries, there has been a definite change in the histopathological spectrum of esophageal cancer towards adenocarcinoma. There are limited data from India regarding the histopathological profile of patients with esophageal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated patients with histologically proven esophageal cancer who were registered at the Tata Memorial Hospital (Mumbai, India) between 2003 and 2018. The primary aim of the study was to analyze the time-trend of the histological pattern of esophageal cancer. Our secondary objectives included evaluating whether there was any correlation between the histology of the esophageal cancer and the age, sex, socioeconomic status (the paying ability of the patient, which was reflected in the treatment category of the patient, i.e., private [full payment], general [subsidized payment], or no charge), comorbidities, and a history of substance abuse. RESULTS Among 7874 patients with esophageal cancer, 5092 (64.7%) were men, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.8:1. The median age was 57 years (IQR, 50-65). Of the 4912 patients in whom a history of tobacco or alcohol use had been elicited, 1360 (27.7%) had no history of substance abuse. A majority of the tumors (2942, 37.4%) originated in the middle-third of the esophagus. Squamous cell carcinoma was the predominant histological type, noted in 6413 (81.4%) patients and remained the most common histologic type consistently through the study with no evidence of a time-trend in the histological pattern. On the multivariate analysis, female sex and a history of substance abuse were associated with higher odds of squamous cell carcinoma, while the presence of comorbidities and lower esophageal/gastroesophageal junction primaries were associated with higher odds of adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS There is no evidence of an epidemiological shift in the histopathologic spectrum of esophageal cancer in India over the last two decades. Four out of five Indian patients with esophageal cancer have squamous cell histology, with the commonest site of origin being the middle third. This is important to recognize, given the varying molecular spectrum and efficacy of therapeutic modalities based on histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanita Noronha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Center, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Anbarasan Sekar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Center, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Akhil Rajendra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Center, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Smruti Mokal
- Department of Biostatistics, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Center, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Vijay Patil
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Center, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Nandini Menon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Center, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sunil Chopade
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Center, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Center, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar Kaushal
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Center, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Abhishek Mahajan
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Center, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Amit Janu
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Center, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Nilendu Purandare
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Center, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Rajesh Dikshit
- Department of Epidemiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Center, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Shripad Banavali
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Center, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Kumar Prabhash
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Center, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India.
| | - Rajendra Badwe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Center, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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13
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Wu S, Jiang W, Li J, Wu Z, Xu C, Xie N. Global burden of esophageal cancer attributable to smoking: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1223164. [PMID: 37621692 PMCID: PMC10446760 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1223164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological trends of esophageal cancer attributable to smoking remain unclear. This study aimed to estimate the spatiotemporal trends of the esophageal cancer burden attributable to smoking to assist in global esophageal cancer prevention and smoking cessation. Methods Data on esophageal cancer attributable to smoking were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The number and age-standardized rates of esophageal cancer mortality (ASMR) and disability-adjusted life years (ASDR) were analyzed by age, sex, and location. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to analyze the temporal trends of esophageal cancer burden attributable to smoking over 30 years. Results In 2019, the number of global esophageal cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to smoking was approximately 203,000 and 475 million, respectively. The global esophageal cancer deaths and DALYs due to smoking were approximately 1.5-fold increased from 1990 to 2019, but the corresponding ASMR and ASDR had decreased. The heaviest burden occurred in East Asia, Mongolia, and the middle socio-demographic index (SDI) region. The male-to-female ratio was approximately 12.7 in the esophageal cancer deaths and DALYs and was approximately 14.3 in the ASMR and ASDR. The heaviest burden appeared in the 60-74 years age group. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in ASMR was highly negatively associated with ASMR in 1990 (ρ = -0.41, p < 0.001) and SDI in 2019 (ρ = -0.29, p < 0.001). Conclusion Despite reductions in ASMR and ASDR, the esophageal cancer burden attributable to smoking remains heavy, especially in middle SDI regions. Active tobacco control can reduce esophageal cancer burden.
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14
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Mazidimoradi A, Banakar N, Khani Y, Allahqoli L, Salehiniya H. Current status and temporal trend in incidence, death, and burden of esophageal cancer from 1990-2019. Thorac Cancer 2023; 14:2408-2458. [PMID: 37443420 PMCID: PMC10447176 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the world's most unknown and deadly cancers. This study aimed to provide updated epidemiological indicators and the recent trend of EC by age group, gender, and geographical region in the world. METHODS Annual case data and age-standardized rates (ASRs) of epidemiological indicators of EC were collected from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study from 1990 to 2019 in 204 countries and territories based on the sociodemographic index (SDI). Relative difference (%), average annual percentage change (AAPC), and the male/female ratio were calculated. Data are reported in values and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS EC age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) decreased by 19%, age-standardized death rates (ASDR) decreased by 25%, and disability-adjusted life-years ASR (DALYs ASR) decreased by 30% from 1990 to 2019. The higher number of EC cases was in men aged 50 to 69 years and in women aged over 70. From 1990 to 2019, Middle SDI countries experienced a decline in the ASIR and ASDR of EC. The High SDI countries had an increasing ASDR trend. In World Bank High-Income countries, the ASIR of EC has remained unchanged and decreased in other regions. The Asia continent has the highest rate of incidence, mortality, and burden of EC and the highest rate of reduction. East Asia, Southern Sub-Saharan Africa, and Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa respectively have the highest ASIR of EC. Central Asia has experienced the greatest decrease in the ASIR and ASDR of EC, the countries of Central Europe had a steady ASIR and High-Income North America had an increasing trend in ASIR and ASDR. The burden of EC shows a decreasing trend worldwide. Central and East Asia regions have the highest rate and the highest increase in the burden of EC. CONCLUSION Based on great variation in the geographical distribution of epidemiological indicators of EC, investigating the reasons for this diversity requires more studies to be conducted in the field of prevention, distribution of risk factors, and implementation of screening methods with high cost-effectiveness, and access to treatment methods. The provision of regional solutions may be more effective than global strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niloofar Banakar
- Student Research CommitteeShiraz University of medical sciencesShirazIran
| | - Yousef Khani
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shahid Madani HospitalAlborz University of Medical SciencesKarajIran
- School of Public Health and SafetyShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Leila Allahqoli
- Midwifery Department, Ministry of Health and Medical EducationTehranIran
| | - Hamid Salehiniya
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research CenterBirjand University of Medical SciencesBirjandIran
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15
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Teglia F, Boffetta P. Association between trends of mortality and incidence, survival and stage at diagnosis for six digestive and respiratory cancers in United States (2009-2013). Eur J Cancer Prev 2023; 32:195-202. [PMID: 35881938 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A decrease in cancer mortality has been reported in the USA, possibly due to decreased incidence, downstaging and improved survival. The aim of the present study is to estimate the contribution of these factors on the trend in cancer mortality. METHODS Data on incidence, mortality, stage at diagnosis, and overall and stage-specific survival for six common digestive and respiratory cancers (esophagus, stomach, colorectal, liver, pancreas and lung) during 2009-2013 in the USA from the surveillance, epidemiology and end results (SEER) program, was analyzed using generalized linear models separately among men and women. RESULTS Our study showed a decrease in mortality for esophageal (-0.09/100 000/year and -0.03/100 000/year), stomach (-0.11/100 000/year and -0.05/100 000/year), colorectal (-0.45/100 000/year and -0.29/100 000/year) and lung cancer (-1.89/100 000/year in men and -0.78/100 000/year in women) in men and women, respectively: for all of them, except lung cancer in women, there was a decrease in the incidence of comparable or greater magnitude; stage distribution and survival also contributed to the decrease in mortality for lung and colorectal cancer. Mortality from pancreatic cancer was stable: an increase in incidence was counterbalanced by an improvement in survival. Mortality from liver cancer increased, driven by an increase in mortality that was not offset by favorable trends in stage distribution and survival. CONCLUSIONS Trends in mortality were primarily affected by changes in incidence; an increase in the proportion of local stage at diagnosis and improved survival, although evident for some cancers, played a lesser role in mortality trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Teglia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Family, Population & Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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16
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Jiang Y, Lin Y, Wen Y, Fu W, Wang R, He J, Zhang J, Wang Z, Ge F, Huo Z, Wang R, Peng H, Wu X, He J, Li S. Global trends in the burden of esophageal cancer, 1990-2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. J Thorac Dis 2023; 15:348-364. [PMID: 36910098 PMCID: PMC9992583 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-22-856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Esophageal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. A deeper understanding of the trends in annual incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of esophageal cancer is critical for management and prevention. In this study, we report on the disease burden of esophageal cancer in 204 countries and territories between 1990 and 2019 by age, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI). Methods Data on incidence, mortality, and DALYs were extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. The estimated numbers and age-standardized rates for esophageal cancer in 2019 are presented in this paper, as well as trends from 1990 to 2019. All estimates are presented as counts and age-standardized rates per 100,000 population, with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for each estimate. Results In 2019, nearly 535,000 (95% UI: 467,000-595,000) new cases of esophageal cancer occurred globally. Esophageal cancer was responsible for more than 498,000 (95% UI: 438,000-551,000) deaths and 11.7 million (95% UI: 10.4-12.9 million) DALYs. Worldwide age-standardized rates of esophageal cancer, including incidence, deaths, and DALYs, have declined since 1990. However, the trends differ across countries and territories. Notably, there was a nonlinear but generally inverse correlation between age-standardized DALY rates and SDI. Higher age-standardized incidence and death rates were observed in males compared to females, and both increased with age. Regarding risk factors, smoking, alcohol use, and high body-mass index were 3 predominant contributors to esophageal cancer DALYs in 2019 for both sexes worldwide. Conclusions This study found a global reduction in the esophageal cancer burden, but substantial heterogeneity remains across regions and countries. Hence, the identification of high-risk groups and the exploration of specific local strategies and primary prevention efforts are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuechun Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaokai Wen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhai Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, First Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, First Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxi He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianrong Zhang
- Department of General Practice and Centre for Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zhufeng Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Ge
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, First Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Huo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runchen Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoxin Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangrong Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Nanshan School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxing He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuben Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, China National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Correlation of CTSD, P63, and Ki67 Expressions with Risk Assessment of Oesophageal Squamous-Cell Carcinoma. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/5197471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Creatine kinase (CK), cathepsin D (CTSD), Ki67, and tumour protein 63 (p63) have been proven to participate in the growth of some cancers. However, available literature suggested paucity of data on their involvement in oesophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) development. Methods. We ascertained the presence of CK, CTSD, Ki67, and p63 expressions in ESCC to demonstrate the association between differentiation of ESCC and expressions of the abovementioned proteins. We collected related information on 48 patients prior to their division into well and poor differentiation groups, which were analysed retrospectively. Positive rates of protein expression were evaluated via immunohistochemistry. The proteins that were expressed positively in all the cases were selected. Comparison of the proteins within two groups was done to analyse the correlation between tumour differentiation and their expression. Results. We observed that CTSD, p63, and Ki67 were significantly and highly expressed in poorly differentiated patients with ESCC. Conclusions. This finding may suggest that the proteins were involved in ESCC progression, which may evidentially serve as potential markers of early identification and risk assessment of ESCC.
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18
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Sheikh M, Roshandel G, McCormack V, Malekzadeh R. Current Status and Future Prospects for Esophageal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:765. [PMID: 36765722 PMCID: PMC9913274 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the ninth most common cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) are the two main histological subtypes with distinct epidemiological and clinical features. While the global incidence of ESCC is declining, the incidence of EAC is increasing in many countries. Decades of epidemiologic research have identified distinct environmental exposures for ESCC and EAC subtypes. Recent advances in understanding the genomic aspects of EC have advanced our understanding of EC causes and led to using specific genomic alterations in EC tumors as biomarkers for early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of this cancer. Nevertheless, the prognosis of EC is still poor, with a five-year survival rate of less than 20%. Currently, there are significant challenges for early detection and secondary prevention for both ESCC and EAC subtypes, but Cytosponge™ is shifting this position for EAC. Primary prevention remains the preferred strategy for reducing the global burden of EC. In this review, we will summarize recent advances, current status, and future prospects of the studies related to epidemiology, time trends, environmental risk factors, prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment for both EC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Sheikh
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Gholamreza Roshandel
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan 49341-74515, Iran
| | - Valerie McCormack
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14117-13135, Iran
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Chen J, Liu H, Santhekadur PK. Editorial: Chemotherapy in esophageal cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1098838. [PMID: 36605431 PMCID: PMC9809285 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1098838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Prasanna K. Santhekadur
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara (JSS) Medical College, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara (JSS) Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, Karnataka, India,*Correspondence: Prasanna K. Santhekadur,
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Cancer statistics in Chinese older people, 2022: current burden, time trends, and comparisons with the US, Japan, and the Republic of Korea. SCIENCE CHINA LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 66:1079-1091. [PMID: 36543994 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Largely due to population ageing, the cancer burden from older people has been rising, which imposed considerable pressure on current Chinese healthcare system. We provide comprehensive information about cancer burden of Chinese older people based on the most recent data from National Central Cancer Registry of China. The logarithmic linear regression was used to project the current cancer burden in 2022, and Joinpoint regression was used for temporal trend analysis from 2000 to 2017. We also estimated cancer statistics of older people in the US, Japan and the Republic of Korea for comparisons. It is estimated that 2.79 million cases and 1.94 million deaths occur for Chinese older people, representing 55.8% and 68.2% of cases and deaths in all population in 2022. The overall cancer incidence rate gradually increased among older women, while the mortality rates declined for both sexes. Notably, approximately 10.0% of all cases and 17.7% of all deaths are from people aged over 80 years, and cancer incidence and mortality in this age group showed upward trends for women. Lung cancer and digestive cancers are the leading cancer types for Chinese older people. Compared with other countries, China has lower incidence rates but higher mortality rates for older people. The rapidly growing burden of prostate cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and declines in esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, and liver cancer among older people indicate the cancer pattern in China is being in a transition stage to that in developed countries. Our findings imply that it should be the national health priority to meet the growing demands for cancer diagnosis, treatment and care services from the older people as the rapid population ageing in next few decades.
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Goto H, Oshikiri T, Kato T, Sawada R, Harada H, Urakawa N, Hasegawa H, Kanaji S, Yamashita K, Matsuda T, Kakeji Y. Short- and long-term outcomes of thoracoscopic esophagectomy in the prone position for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in patients with obstructive ventilatory disorder: a propensity score-matched study. Surg Endosc 2022; 36:8834-8842. [PMID: 35546208 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have obstructive ventilatory disorder (OVD), which is considered a risk factor for postoperative pneumonia. It has been reported that thoracoscopic esophagectomy in the prone position (TEP) is less invasive and is associated with fewer postoperative respiratory complications compared with open esophagectomy. This matched-cohort study aimed to elucidate the safety and oncologic outcomes of ESCC patients with OVD who undergo TEP. METHODS In this matched-cohort study, 237 patients with ESCC who underwent TEP between 2010 and 2018 were divided into two groups based on forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity. Postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo classification grade II or higher), overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Based on their propensity scores, 75 patients with normal respiratory function (NRF) and 75 with OVD were selected. The rates of postoperative pneumonia were not significantly different between the two groups (NRF group vs OVD group: 18.7% vs 18.7%; P = 1.000). The rates of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and anastomotic leakage were also not significantly different (NRF group vs OVD group: 12.0% vs 18.7%, P = 0.365; 18.7% vs 18.7%, P = 1.000). The 5-year OS and DFS rates in the NRF vs OVD groups were 66.2% vs 54.9% and 63.5% vs 52.9%, respectively, with no significant differences (P = 0.421, 0.197). CONCLUSIONS TEP can be safely performed on ESCC patients with OVD and can result in an oncological efficiency equal to that of the NRF group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Goto
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Taro Oshikiri
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Takashi Kato
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Sawada
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Harada
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Naoki Urakawa
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Shingo Kanaji
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Yamashita
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takeru Matsuda
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kakeji
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0017, Japan
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22
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Hosseini K, Beirami SM, Forouhandeh H, Vahed SZ, Eyvazi S, Ramazani F, Tarhriz V, Ardalan M. The role of circadian gene timeless in gastrointestinal cancers. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Etemadi A, Buller ID, Hashemian M, Roshandel G, Poustchi H, Espinosa MM, Blount BC, Pfeiffer CM, Keshavarzi B, Flory AR, Nasseri-Moghaddam S, Dawsey SM, Freedman ND, Abnet CC, Malekzadeh R, Ward MH. Urinary nitrate and sodium in a high-risk area for upper gastrointestinal cancers: Golestan Cohort Study ☆. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113906. [PMID: 35863453 PMCID: PMC9420831 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemiological evidence regarding the carcinogenicity of nitrate and sodium in drinking water is limited, partly because measuring the exposure at the individual level is complex. Most studies have used nitrate in water supplies as a proxy for individual exposure, but dietary intakes and other factors may contribute to the exposure. The present study investigates the factors associated with urinary nitrate and sodium in a high-risk area for esophageal and gastric cancers. METHODS For this cross-sectional study, we used data and samples collected in 2004-2008 during the enrollment phase of the Golestan Cohort Study from a random sample of 349 participants (300 individuals from 24 rural villages and 49 from the city of Gonbad), stratified by average water nitrate in their district, the source of drinking water, and the usual dietary intake of nitrate and sodium. Nitrate, sodium, and creatinine were measured in a spot urine sample collected at the time of interview. We used the provincial cancer registry data to calculate the cumulative incidence rates of esophageal and gastric cancers for each location through June 1, 2020, and used weighted partial Pearson correlation to compare the incidence rates with median urinary nitrate and sodium in each village or the city. RESULTS Among 349 participants (mean age±SD: 50.7 ± 8.6 years), about half (n = 170) used groundwater for drinking, and the use of groundwater was significantly more common in high-elevation locations (75.8%). The geometric mean of the creatinine-corrected urinary nitrate concentration was 68.3 mg/g cr (95%CI: 64.6,72.3), and the corresponding geometric mean for urinary sodium was 150.0 mmoL/g cr (95%CI: 139.6,161.1). After adjusting for confounders, urinary nitrate was associated with being a woman, drinking groundwater, and living in high-elevation locations, but not with estimated dietary intake. Urinary sodium concentration was significantly associated with monthly precipitation at the time of sampling but not with elevation or drinking water source. There were significant positive correlations between both median urinary nitrate and sodium in each location and esophageal cancer incidence rates adjusted for sex and age (r = 0.65 and r = 0.58, respectively, p < 0.01), but not with gastric cancer incidence. CONCLUSION In a rural population at high risk for esophageal and gastric cancers, nitrate excretion was associated with living at a higher elevation and using groundwater for drinking. The associations between nitrate and sodium excretion with esophageal cancer incidence warrant future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Etemadi
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ian D Buller
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maryam Hashemian
- Departments of Biology, School of Art and Sciences, Utica College, Utica, NY, USA
| | - Gholamreza Roshandel
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria Morel Espinosa
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Benjamin C Blount
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christine M Pfeiffer
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Behnam Keshavarzi
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Siavosh Nasseri-Moghaddam
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanford M Dawsey
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mary H Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Eltayeb MM, Ali MM, Omar SM, Mohamed NS, Adam I, Hamdan HZ. Gene polymorphisms of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in Sudanese patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2022; 10:e2074. [PMID: 36259348 PMCID: PMC9747550 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The polymorphisms of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKN1A) gene and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) gene may increase one's susceptibility to malignancies. In this study, the association of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) CDKN1A rs1059234 c.70C>T at the 3' untranslated region and MMP9 rs17576 (c.836A>G, p.Gln279Arg) with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Sudanese individuals were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS A case-control study involving age- and gender-matched groups were conducted in a cancer center in eastern Sudan (Gadarif) between April and October 2020. The case group consisted of ESCC patients, whereas the control group comprised healthy subjects. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed for the genotyping of the CDKN1A rs1059234 and MMP9 rs17576 SNPs. The genotyping results were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS The genotype distributions for CDKN1A rs1059234 and MMP9 rs17576 were in agreement with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The variant allele T in CDKN1 rs1059234 c.70C>T was significantly more prevalent in the ESCC patients than in the healthy controls [51.3% vs. 19.2%; OR = 4.4; 95% CI (2.6-7.4); p < 0.001]. Moreover, in CDKN1A rs1059234, the genotype TC + TT [76.9% vs. 38.4%; OR = 5.3; 95% CI (2.6-10.7); p < 0.001] was more frequent in the cases than in the controls, and it was significantly associated with ESCC risk. In MMP9 rs17576, the variant allele G was also significantly prevalent in the cases relative to the controls, and it was significantly associated with increased ESCC risk in the cases compared with the controls [27.5% vs. 1.9%; OR = 19.4; 95%CI (5.8-64.1); p < 0.001]. Both genotypes containing the allele G (AG + GG) were the most common genotypes in the cases [48.7% vs. 3.8%; OR = 23.7; 95%CI (6.8-81.7); p < 0.001], and they significantly increased the risk of ESCC. CONCLUSION A significant increase in ESCC risk is associated with the SNPs CDKN1A rs1059234 and MMP9 rs17576.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nouh Saad Mohamed
- Molecular Biology UnitSirius Training and Research CentreKhartoumSudan
| | - Ishag Adam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of MedicineQassim UniversityUnaizahKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdan Z. Hamdan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Unaizah College of MedicineQassim UniversityUnaizahKingdom of Saudi Arabia,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of MedicineAl‐Neelain UniversityKhartoumSudan
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Mitra S, Das R, Emran TB, Labib RK, Noor-E-Tabassum, Islam F, Sharma R, Ahmad I, Nainu F, Chidambaram K, Alhumaydhi FA, Chandran D, Capasso R, Wilairatana P. Diallyl Disulfide: A Bioactive Garlic Compound with Anticancer Potential. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:943967. [PMID: 36071845 PMCID: PMC9441672 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.943967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a life-threatening disease caused by the uncontrolled division of cells, which culminates in a solid mass of cells known as a tumor or liquid cancer. It is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and the number of cancer patients has been increasing at an alarming rate, with an estimated 20 million cases expected by 2030. Thus, the use of complementary or alternative therapeutic techniques that can help prevent cancer has been the subject of increased attention. Garlic, the most widely used plant medicinal product, exhibits a wide spectrum of biological activities, including antibacterial, hypo-lipidemic, antithrombotic, and anticancer effects. Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is a major organosulfur compound contained within garlic. Recently, several experimental studies have demonstrated that DADS exhibits anti-tumor activity against many types of tumor cells, including gynecological cancers (cervical cancer, ovarian cancer), hematological cancers (leukemia, lymphoma), lung cancer, neural cancer, skin cancer, prostate cancer, gastrointestinal tract and associated cancers (esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer), hepatocellular cancer cell line, etc. The mechanisms behind the anticancer action of DADS include epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and migration. This article aims to review the available information regarding the anti-cancer potential of DADS, as well as summarize its mechanisms of action, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics from published clinical and toxicity studies.
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Ronco AL, Martínez-López W, Calderón JM, Storz MA. Dietary acid load and esophageal cancer risk: A case-control study. Thorac Cancer 2022; 13:2759-2766. [PMID: 36054595 PMCID: PMC9527162 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A high dietary acid load (DAL) can produce metabolic acidosis, which is linked to cancer development through mechanisms of inflammation and cell transformation. There is limited epidemiological evidence linking DAL and cancer risk; however, none of the published studies focused on DAL and esophageal cancer (EC) risk in particular. Therefore, we sought to explore this association in the present study. Methods A case‐control study was performed in 1295 male patients (185 squamous cell EC cases and 1110 age‐frequency and urban/rural residence matched controls) through a multitopic inquiry, including a food frequency questionnaire. Food‐derived nutrients were calculated from available databases. The DAL was calculated based on two validated measures: Potential renal acid load (PRAL) score and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) score. Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for confounders. Results We found direct, significant associations between dietary acid load and EC risk: (OR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.44–3.61, ptrend <0.0001) and (OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.38–3.41, ptrend <0.0001) for highest PRAL and NEAP tertiles, respectively. Our data raise the possibility that a high DAL may contribute to EC development. Both acid load scores were directly associated with animal‐based foods (mainly meat) and inversely associated with the intake of plant‐based foods. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first epidemiological case–control study analyzing associations of DAL and squamous cell EC risk. Further research is warranted to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Luis Ronco
- Unit of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Pereira Rossell Women's Hospital, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Wilner Martínez-López
- Academic Unit on Radiation Protection, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Juan M Calderón
- Biomedical Sciences Center, University of Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Maximilian Andreas Storz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Complementary Medicine, Freiburg Medical Center - Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Li R, Sun J, Wang T, Huang L, Wang S, Sun P, Yu C. Comparison of Secular Trends in Esophageal Cancer Mortality in China and Japan during 1990-2019: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191610302. [PMID: 36011937 PMCID: PMC9408772 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a prevalent and often fatal malignancy all over the world, with China and Japan bearing a disproportionately high burden. Consequently, we explored and compared the long-term changes in esophageal cancer mortality in China and Japan from 1990 to 2019 to see if there were any etiological clues. From 1990 to 2019, data on mortality in China and Japan were gathered from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019). The age-period-cohort (APC) model was utilized to evaluate the effects of age, period, and cohort. Between 1990 and 2019, the age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) for esophageal cancer fell in both nations, with China showing a tremendous reduction after 2005. The overall net drifts per year were more impressive in China (-5.22% [95% CI, -5.77 to -4.68] for females, -1.98% [-2.22 to -1.74] for males) than in Japan (-0.50% [-0.91 to -0.08] for females, -1.86% [-2.12 to -1.59] for males), and the local drift values in both countries were less than zero in all age groups for both sexes. The longitudinal age curves of esophageal cancer mortality increased as age advances and the sex disparity gradually exacerbates with age. The period and cohort effects were uncovered to have similar declining patterns for both sexes in both nations; however, the improvement of cohort effects for China's younger generation has stagnated. The ASMRs, period effects, and cohort effects have decreased for both countries and sexes over the 1990-2019 period. The decline in cohort effects for China's younger generation has plateaued, possibly due to the rising rates of smoking and obesity among Chinese youngsters. Comprehensive population-level treatments aimed at smoking cessation, obesity prevention, and gastrointestinal endoscopy screening should be carried out immediately, particularly for men and older birth cohorts at a higher risk of esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jinyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shuwen Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Panglin Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chuanhua Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Correspondence:
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Li F, Li H, Su X, Liang H, Wei L, Shi D, Zhang J, Wang Z. Trends in incidence and mortality of esophageal cancer in China 1990−2019: A joinpoint and age-period-cohort analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:887011. [PMID: 36046041 PMCID: PMC9420985 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.887011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence and mortality trends of esophageal cancer (EC) remain unknown in China. This study aimed to describe the trend in incidence and mortality of EC in China. Methods We extracted age-standardized rates and numbers of EC in China for 1990−2019 from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) were calculated to describe the trends, while the annual percentage of change and the average annual percent change (AAPC) were analyzed by the joinpoint regression analysis. The incidence and mortality data were analyzed via age-period-cohort model analysis. Results The ASIR and ASMR decreased slightly before 1999, then increased from 1999 to 2004, and decreased again thereafter, with overall AAPC values of −2.5 (−2.8, −2.1) for females and -0.9 (−1.1, −0.8) for males regarding incidence, with overall AAPC values of −3.1 (−3.3, −2.9) for females and −1.2 (−1.3, −1.1) for males regarding mortality. As a whole, the relative risk (RR) of EC increased with age in both females and males regarding incidence and mortality, except for the 80–84-year-old age group in females and the 85–89-year-old age group in males regarding incidence, where they began to decrease. The RR of EC increased with age in females and males regarding mortality, except for the 85–89-year-old age group in males. The time period showed a trend of first rising and then decreasing, and the RR of time period effect was lower in 2015 than that in 1990 in females regarding both incidence and mortality, whereas males showed a significant upward trend in both incidence and mortality. The birth cohort effect showed an overall downward trend. Conclusions The overall incidence and mortality of EC in China shows an increased and then decreased trend from 1990 to 2019. The AAPC decreased in incidence and mortality from 1990 to 2019. The RR of incidence and mortality of EC in China is greatly affected by age in both sexes, by time period in male, we should be paid more attention to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fajun Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Respiratory, Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Hongsen Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Wei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Donglei Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junhang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Junhang Zhang, ; Zhaojun Wang,
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Junhang Zhang, ; Zhaojun Wang,
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Liu J, Fan S, Xiang Y, Xia J, Jin H, Xu JF, Yang F, Cai J, Pi J. Nanoscale Features of Gambogic Acid Induced ROS-Dependent Apoptosis in Esophageal Cancer Cells Imaged by Atomic Force Microscopy. SCANNING 2022; 2022:1422185. [PMID: 35937670 PMCID: PMC9337977 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1422185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gambogic acid (GA), a kind of polyprenylated xanthone derived from Garcinia hanburyi tree, has showed spectrum anticancer effects both in vitro and in vivo with low toxicity. However, up to now, there is little information about the effects of GA on esophageal cancer. In this study, we aim to test the anticancer effects of GA on esophageal cancer EC9706 cells. We established a nanoscale imaging method based on AFM to evaluate the reactive oxygen species- (ROS-) mediated anticancer effects of GA on esophageal cancer regarding the morphological and ultrastructural changes of esophageal cancer cells. The obtained results demonstrated that GA could inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, induce cell cycle arrest, and induce mitochondria membrane potential disruption in a ROS-dependent way. And using AFM imaging, we also found that GA could induce the damage of cellular morphology and increase of membrane height distribution and membrane roughness in EC9706 cells, which could be reversed by the removal of GA-induced excessive intracellular ROS. Our results not only demonstrated the anticancer effects of GA on EC9706 cells in ROS-dependent mechanism but also strongly suggested AFM as a powerful tool for the detection of ROS-mediated cancer cell apoptosis on the basis of imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Shuhao Fan
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yinhong Xiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xia
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jun-fa Xu
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Fen Yang
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jiye Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Pi
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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The 8th Wonder of the Cancer World: Esophageal Cancer and Inflammation. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10030044. [PMID: 35892738 PMCID: PMC9326664 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10030044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a devastating malignancy which can be detected at an early stage but is more often diagnosed as an advanced process. It affects both men and women and inflicts the young and the elderly. There are multiple underlying factors involved in the pathogenesis of this cancer including inflammation. The interplay of these factors promotes inflammation through various mechanisms including the recruitment of pro-inflammatory cells, mediators such as cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and interleukins, among others. The presentation can vary widely with one of the most notable symptoms being dysphagia. Diagnosis is based on clinical symptomatology, imaging and endoscopy with biopsy. Once the diagnosis has been established, treatment and prognosis are based on the stage of the disease. This review outlines esophageal cancer and its link to inflammation in relation to pathogenesis, along with clinical features, diagnosis and treatment.
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You H, Zhang J, Xia S, Wu S. Farmland transfer and esophageal cancer incidence rate: mediation of pollution-related agricultural input intensity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:43826-43844. [PMID: 35119636 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18921-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a growing global health threat. Examining the determinants of cancer incidence can benefit for cancer treatment and prevention. Farmland transfer relates to the risk factors of esophageal cancer including environmental pollution, services access, and habits. This study characterizes the associations between farmland transfer and esophageal cancer incidence rate (ECI) that integrate mediated effect of pollution-related agricultural input intensity in Xiaoshan District, China. The state-space model is employed to quantify the relationships among farmland transfer, pollution-related agricultural input intensity, and ECI. The results showed that (1) Total effects of the proportion of transferred farmland (TFA) area cause a reduction in the ECI. Besides, the total positive effects of the proportion of transferred farmland cultivated non-grain crop (NGC) and proportion of farmland transferred to non-farmer users (NFU) show a downward trend. (2) The raise of TFA can result in the reduction of chemical fertilizer use intensity. Meanwhile, the raise of NGC and NFU can result in the growth of pollution-related agricultural input intensity. But these increasing effects generally show a downward trend. (3) Increasing chemical fertilizer use intensity and pesticide use intensity results in the rise of esophageal cancer incidence rate as a whole. (4) In general, farmland transfer has positive direct effects on esophageal cancer incidence rate. (5) The average proportions of mediated effects in all state-space models are larger than 10%. These findings can raise land reform policy designers' awareness of the risk of public health since the land transfer markets are emerging rapidly in land reform in many developing countries to improve agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyuan You
- School of Public Administration, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of City and Regional Planning, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Jinrong Zhang
- School of Public Administration, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuyi Xia
- School of Public Administration, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenyan Wu
- School of Public Administration, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, China
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Stabellini N, Chandar AK, Chak A, Barda AJ, Dmukauskas M, Waite K, Barnholtz-Sloan JS. Sex differences in esophageal cancer overall and by histological subtype. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5248. [PMID: 35347189 PMCID: PMC8960903 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09193-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the seventh most common type of cancer in the world, the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death and its incidence is expected to rise 140% in the world in a period of 10 years until 2025. The overall incidence is higher in males, while data about prognosis and survival are not well established yet. The goal of this study was to carry out a comprehensive analysis of differences between sexes and other covariates in patients diagnosed with primary esophageal cancer. Data from 2005 to 2020 were obtained from the University Hospitals (UH) Seidman Cancer Center and from 2005 to 2018 from SEER. Patients were categorized according to histological subtype and divided according to sex. Pearson Chi-square test was used to compare variables of interest by sex and the influence of sex on survival was assessed by Kaplan Meier, log rank tests and Cox proportional hazards regression models. A total of 1205 patients were used for analysis. Sex differences in all types were found for age at diagnosis, histology, smoking status and prescriptions of NSAIDs and in SCC for age at diagnosis and alcoholism. Survival analysis didn't showed differences between males and females on univariable and multivariable models. Males have a higher incidence of Esophageal Cancer and its two main subtypes but none of the comprehensive set of variables analyzed showed to be strongly or unique correlated with this sex difference in incidence nor are they associated with a sex difference in survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas Stabellini
- Graduate Education Office, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Breen Pavilion-11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | | | - Amitabh Chak
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amie J Barda
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mantas Dmukauskas
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kristin Waite
- Trans-Divisional Research Program (TDRP), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Trans-Divisional Research Program (TDRP), Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology (CBIIT), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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33
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Su F, Fang Y, Yu J, Jiang T, Lin S, Zhang S, Lv L, Long T, Pan H, Qi J, Zhou Q, Tang W, Ding G, Wang L, Tan L, Yin J. The Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of AP1S1 are Associated with Risk of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Chinese Population. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2022; 15:235-247. [PMID: 35321090 PMCID: PMC8938157 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s342743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The σ1A subunit of the adaptor protein 1 (AP1S1) participates in various intracellular transport pathways, especially the maintenance of copper homeostasis, which is pivotal in carcinogenesis. It is therefore rational to presume that AP1S1 might also be involved in carcinogenesis. In this hospital-based case-control study, we investigated the genetic susceptibility to ESCC in relation to SNPs of AP1S1 among Chinese population. Methods A database containing a total of 1303 controls and 1043 ESCC patients were retrospectively studied. The AP1S1 SNPs were analyzed based on ligation detection reaction (LDR) method. Then, the relationship between ESCC and SNPs of AP1S1 was determined with a significant crude P<0.05. Then the logistic regression analysis was used for the calculation for adjusted P in the demographic stratification comparison if a significant difference was observed in the previous step. Results AP1S1 rs77387752 C>T genotype TT was an independent risk factor for ESCC, while rs4729666 C>T genotype TC and rs35208462 C>T genotype TC were associated with a lower risk for ESCC, especially in co-dominant model and allelic test for younger, male subjects who are not alcohol-drinkers nor cigarette smokers. Conclusion AP1S1 rs77387752, rs4729666 and rs35208462 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to ESCC in Chinese individuals. AP1S1 SNPs may exert an important role in esophageal carcinogenesis and could serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Su
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Fang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinjie Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyun Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaoyuan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Lv
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Long
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiwen Pan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junqing Qi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guowen Ding
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijie Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jun Yin; Lijie Tan, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
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34
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Lee S, Jang J, Abe SK, Rahman S, Saito E, Islam R, Gupta PC, Sawada N, Tamakoshi A, Shu XO, Koh WP, Sadakane A, Tsuji I, Kim J, Oze I, Nagata C, You SL, Shin MH, Pednekar MS, Tsugane S, Cai H, Yuan JM, Wen W, Ozasa K, Matsuyama S, Kanemura S, Shin A, Ito H, Wada K, Sugawara Y, Chen CJ, Ahn YO, Chen Y, Ahsan H, Boffetta P, Chia KS, Matsuo K, Qiao YL, Rothman N, Zheng W, Inoue M, Kang D, Park SK. Association between body mass index and oesophageal cancer mortality: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies with >800 000 individuals in the Asia Cohort Consortium. Int J Epidemiol 2022; 51:1190-1203. [PMID: 35229874 PMCID: PMC9365631 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between body mass index (BMI) and oesophageal cancer (OC) has been consistently negative among Asians, whereas different associations based on histological OC subtypes have been observed in Europeans and North Americans. We examined the association between BMI and OC mortality in the Asia Cohort Consortium. METHODS We performed a pooled analysis to evaluate the association between BMI and OC mortality among 842 630 Asians from 18 cohort studies. Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs. RESULTS A wide J-shaped association between BMI and overall OC mortality was observed. The OC mortality risk was increased for underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2: HR = 2.20, 95% CI 1.80-2.70) and extreme obesity (BMI ≥35 kg/m2: HR = 4.38, 95% CI 2.25-8.52) relative to the reference BMI (23-25 kg/m2). This association pattern was confirmed by several alternative analyses based on OC incidence and meta-analysis. A similar wide J-shaped association was observed in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Smoking and alcohol synergistically increased the OC mortality risk in underweight participants (HR = 6.96, 95% CI 4.54-10.67) relative to that in reference BMI participants not exposed to smoking and alcohol. CONCLUSION Extreme obesity and being underweight were associated with an OC mortality risk among Asians. OC mortality and BMI formed a wide J-shaped association mirrored by OSCC mortality. Although the effect of BMI on OSCC and oesophageal adenocarcinoma mortality can be different in Asians, further research based on a large case-control study is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangjun Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jieun Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sarah Krull Abe
- Division of Prevention, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shafiur Rahman
- Division of Prevention, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan,Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Eiko Saito
- Division of Cancer Statistics Integration, Center for Cancer Control & Information Services, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rashedul Islam
- Division of Prevention, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Prakash C Gupta
- Healis—Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Mahape, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi Prefecture, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Graduate School of Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Naogya, Japan
| | - Chisato Nagata
- Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - San-Lin You
- School of Medicine & Big Data Research Center, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Myung-Hee Shin
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mangesh S Pednekar
- Healis—Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, Mahape, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wanqing Wen
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Kotaro Ozasa
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Sanae Matsuyama
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi Prefecture, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Seiki Kanemura
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi Prefecture, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Department of Preventive Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan,Division of Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Wada
- Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yumi Sugawara
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi Prefecture, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yoon-Ok Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Chen
- Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kee Seng Chia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Naogya, Japan,Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - You-Lin Qiao
- Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Manami Inoue
- Division of Prevention, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sue K Park
- Corresponding author. Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea. E-mail:
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35
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PTK7, a Catalytically Inactive Receptor Tyrosine Kinase, Increases Oncogenic Phenotypes in Xenograft Tumors of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma KYSE-30 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042391. [PMID: 35216506 PMCID: PMC8876147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7), a catalytically defective receptor protein tyrosine kinase, is upregulated in tumor tissues and cell lines of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We showed that PTK7 plays an oncogenic role in various ESCC cell lines. However, its role as an oncogene has not been demonstrated in vivo. Here, we examined the influence of PTK7 on the tumorigenic potential of ESCC KYSE-30 cells, which are known to establish xenograft tumors. Overexpression of PTK7 enhanced the proliferation, adhesion, wound healing, and migration of KYSE-30 cells, and these effects were reversed by the knockdown of PTK7. PTK7 overexpression and knockdown, respectively, increased and decreased the tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins and the phosphorylation of ERK, AKT, and FAK, which are important for cell proliferation, survival, adhesion, and migration. Additionally, PTK7 overexpression and silencing, respectively, increased and decreased the weight, volume, and number of Ki-67-positive proliferating cells in xenograft tumors of KYSE-30 cells. Therefore, we propose that PTK7 plays an important role in the tumorigenesis of ESCC cells in vivo and is a potential therapeutic target for ESCC.
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Buckle GC, Mmbaga EJ, Paciorek A, Akoko L, Deardorff K, Mgisha W, Mushi BP, Mwaiselage J, Hiatt RA, Zhang L, Van Loon K. Risk Factors Associated With Early-Onset Esophageal Cancer in Tanzania. JCO Glob Oncol 2022; 8:e2100256. [PMID: 35113655 PMCID: PMC8853620 DOI: 10.1200/go.21.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eastern Africa is one of several regions affected by high incidence rates of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). A unique epidemiologic feature of ESCC in Eastern Africa is the high incidence in young people, with one-third of cases diagnosed at age < 45 years. This study aimed to investigate risk factors for early-onset ESCC in Tanzania through a secondary analysis of a matched case-control study. Data from Tanzania show esophageal cancer risk factors in East Africa may differ across age groups.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey C Buckle
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA.,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - Elia J Mmbaga
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Alan Paciorek
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA
| | - Larry Akoko
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Katrina Deardorff
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | - William Mgisha
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Beatrice P Mushi
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Robert A Hiatt
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA.,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA
| | - Katherine Van Loon
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA.,UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
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37
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Li H, Ma C, Chang S, Xi Y, Shao S, Chen M, Ren J, Sun M, Dong L. Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoctions Improve Longevity Following Diagnosis with Stage IV Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Analysis. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:1665-1675. [PMID: 35210836 PMCID: PMC8858954 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s346536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an ancient form of personalized medicine and may improve morbidity and mortality in patients with esophageal cancer. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the utility of TCM in the treatment of stage IV esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods We collected the medical records of patients with stage IV SCC admitted to Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Linzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between July 2017 and June 2020. We used univariate and multivariate analyses to determine if the use of TCM improved patient prognosis. Moreover, cluster analysis was used to classify the patients according to TCM syndrome type and identify the most frequently used combinations of remedies. Results After that 402 patients were included in PSM, of which 196 (48.8%) were treated with traditional Chinese medicine. TCM prolonged the survival time of patients with stage IV esophageal SCC (P=0.084), and was an independently associated with prognosis as demonstrated by Cox multivariate regression analysis [risk ratio (RR) =0.543, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.390–0.755, P<0.001]. Association analysis revealed 75 cases (38.26%) had obstruction of phlegm and qi syndrome, 53 cases (27.04%) had phlegm and blood stasis syndrome, 38 cases (19.39%) had yang-qi deficiency syndrome, and 30 cases (15.31%) had heat retention and fluid consumption syndrome. Conclusion Treatment with TCM derived therapies may increase the survival time of patients with stage IV esophageal SCC. Since these patients were diagnosed with different TCM syndromes, individualized TCM therapy is essential for improving symptoms and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Li
- Oncology Department, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Honglin Li, Oncology Department, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Dongfeng Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Chunzheng Ma
- Oncology Department, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Chunzheng Ma, Oncology Department, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Dongfeng Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Sisi Chang
- Oncology Department, Henan Provincial University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yutan Xi
- Oncology Department, Henan Provincial University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Oncology Department, Henan Provincial University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengli Chen
- Oncology Department, Henan Provincial University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Ren
- Oncology Department, Henan Provincial University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Sun
- Oncology Department, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Dong
- Oncology Department, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
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Kubo Y, Kitagawa Y, Miyazaki T, Sohda M, Yamaji T, Sakai M, Saeki H, Nemoto K, Oyama T, Muto M, Takeuchi H, Toh Y, Matsubara H, Mano M, Kono K, Kato K, Yoshida M, Kawakubo H, Booka E, Yamatsuji T, Kato H, Ito Y, Ishikawa H, Ishihara R, Tsushima T, Kawachi H, Oyama T, Kojima T, Kuribayashi S, Makino T, Matsuda S, Doki Y. The potential for reducing alcohol consumption to prevent esophageal cancer morbidity in Asian heavy drinkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Esophagus 2022; 19:39-46. [PMID: 34693473 DOI: 10.1007/s10388-021-00892-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for esophageal cancer. In Asia, heavy drinkers are considered to have a higher risk of esophageal cancer than nondrinkers and light drinkers. However, no study has shown an association between alcohol reduction and the morbidity of esophageal cancer in Asian heavy drinkers. Therefore, this study investigated the significance of reducing alcohol consumption to prevent esophageal cancer in Asian heavy drinkers by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. The MEDLINE (PubMed) and ICHUSHI (Japana Centra Revuo Medicina) databases were searched from January 1995 to December 2020. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. I2 statistics were used to detect heterogeneity. This study included 21 articles in the qualitative synthesis. Light drinkers and heavy drinkers were categorized based on alcohol consumption amount as ≤ 25 ethanol g/day and ≥ 66 ethanol g/day, respectively, as described in many previous studies, and five cohort studies were eligible for this meta-analysis. The HR of esophageal cancer among heavy drinkers versus nondrinkers was 4.18 (95% CI 2.34-7.47, I2 = 74%). On the other hand, the HR of esophageal cancer among light drinkers was 1.82 compared with nondrinkers (95% CI 1.57-2.10, I2 = 0%). Heavy drinkers have a higher esophageal cancer incidence than light drinkers and nondrinker. It is possible that alcohol reduction may decrease the risk of esophageal cancer in Asian heavy drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Kubo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Miyazaki
- Department of Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Makoto Sohda
- Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Division of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Sakai
- Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saeki
- Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kenji Nemoto
- Department of Radiology, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Oyama
- Department of Endoscopy, Saku Central Hospital Advanced Care Center, Nagano, Japan
| | - Manabu Muto
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroya Takeuchi
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Toh
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hisahiro Matsubara
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Mano
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Kono
- Department of Gastrointestinal Tract Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ken Kato
- Department of Head and Neck, Esophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoshida
- Department of Hemodialysis and Surgery, Chemotherapy Research Institute, International University of Health and Welfare, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kawakubo
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisuke Booka
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yamatsuji
- Department of General Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Yoshinori Ito
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishikawa
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, QST Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryu Ishihara
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsushima
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawachi
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation For Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Oyama
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shiko Kuribayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tomoki Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 E2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Cai Y, Lin J, Wei W, Chen P, Yao K. Burden of esophageal cancer and its attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Front Public Health 2022; 10:952087. [PMID: 36148334 PMCID: PMC9485842 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.952087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is a global health concern. Regularly updated data about the burden of esophageal cancer are essential for formulating specific public policies. We aimed to estimate the global, regional, and national burden and trends of esophageal cancer and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019, by age, sex and socio-demographic index (SDI). METHODS Data about the incidence, death, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and age-standardized rates were collected from Global Burden of Disease study 2019. Estimated annual percentage changes were used to quantify the temporal trends of age-standardized rates. Moreover, the risk factors attributable to esophageal cancer deaths were also presented. RESULTS There were 534,563 incident cases and 498,067 deaths in 2019, contributing to 11,666,017 DALYs. The absolute numbers of incidence, death, and DALYs had increased from 1990 to 2019, contrasting with declined changes in their corresponding age-standardized rates. The burden of esophageal cancer varied across different regions and countries, and the age-standardized rates were negative with SDI. Almost half of the esophageal cancer was concentrated in China. Males accounted for most of the burden of esophageal cancer, and the onset age tended to be older. The death of esophageal cancer was primarily attributable to smoking, followed by alcohol use, high body mass index, diet low in fruits and diet low in vegetables. CONCLUSION The burden of esophageal cancer was heterogeneous across regions and countries by sex, age, and SDI, providing information for governments that may help to formulate more targeted policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jieyang People's Hospital, Jieyang, China
| | - Jianxiong Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wenbo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Jieyang People's Hospital, Jieyang, China
| | - Peixing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Kaitao Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Kaitao Yao
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Investigating Trends of Incidence Rates of Esophageal Cancer Divided by Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma in Southern Iran: a 10-Year Experience. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 53:230-234. [PMID: 34855123 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-021-00764-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal cancers account for a significant number of deaths and new cancer cases worldwide. Our aim is to investigate stratum-specific incidence trends of EC in southern Iran considering age, gender, and morphological (adenocarcinoma/squamous cell carcinoma) subtypes. METHOD We used data on esophageal cancer incidence in the catchment area of Shiraz Population-Based Cancer Registry. New cancer cases with ICD-O-3 codes of C15.0 to C15.9 were retrieved and prepared. New annual cases were counted for categories defied based on age group, gender, and morphology. Average annual percentage change (AAPC) and its 95% CI was estimated for each trend using joinpoint regression. RESULTS The total number of esophageal cancer was higher in males than females. It is an increasing rate in esophageal adenocarcinoma in females and this increase was more prominent in older ages. Also, our study showed that SCC has a decreasing trend in females and a steady trend in males. DISCUSSION Taken together, the increasing trend in adenocarcinoma in females in our study can be related to the increasing rate of obesity and smoking in females in recent years in our region. The incidence trend of different morphologic types of esophageal cancer is changing. This can be a consequence of alterations in the incidence trend of different risk factors. It is necessary to conduct more studies evaluating these risk factors.
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Ghosh NR, Jones LA. Dietary risk factors for esophageal cancer based on World Health Organization regions. Nutrition 2021; 95:111552. [PMID: 34999383 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Esophageal cancer (EC) has become one of the most alarming cancers in the world. There are significant differences in incidence and risk factors associated with the two most common histological subtypes of EC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma, between regions. This systematic review was undertaken to analyze dietary risk factors specific to EC and its two subtypes based on World Health Organization regions. METHODS A systematic search of five databases (Global Health, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) for the past 5 y (2015-2020) was conducted from March 2020 to July 2020. Titles and abstracts were screened to determine the primary inclusion eligibility, followed by an examination of the full-text articles. Finally, 59 articles were reviewed to identify EC risk factors and compare these by region. Data were extracted using a table developed by the research team. Risk factors found in >50% of regions were highlighted. RESULTS The study identified some major dietary risk factors for EC that were previously reported, as well as some uncommon dietary risk factors, such as salty foods and beverages, unpiped drinking water, sugar-related factors (e.g., sweet intake), and foods with high glycemic index. CONCLUSIONS EC risk factors extend beyond those previously identified. Targeting all EC risk factors by region will assist the World Health Organization and other health agencies in providing a tailored, culturally appropriate response to effectively reduce the incidence and prevalence of EC within a region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirjhar R Ghosh
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.
| | - Lori A Jones
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
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Niu C, Liu Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Zhao D, Liu F, Chao L, Wang X, Zhang C, Song G, Zhang Z, Li Y, Yan Z, Wen Y, Ge Y, Zang Z, Feng W, Zhang H, Tao L, Nakyeyune R, Shen Y, Shao Y, Guo X, Miles T, Yang A, Liu F, Wang G. Risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its histological precursor lesions in China: a multicenter cross-sectional study. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1034. [PMID: 34530751 PMCID: PMC8444572 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08764-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite research efforts, the causative factors that contribute to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in high-risk areas have not yet been understood. In this study, we, therefore, aimed to describe the risk factors associated with ESCC and its precursor lesions. Methods We performed an endoscopic examination of 44,857 individuals aged 40–69 years from five high incidence regions of China in 2017–2018. Participants were classified as 4 groups of normal control, esophagitis, low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN) and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia/esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (HGIN/ESCC) using an unconditional logistic regression determine risk factors. Results We identified 4890 esophagitis, 1874 LGIN and 437 HGIN/ESCC cases. Crude odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted odds ratios were calculated using unconditional logistic regression. Drinking well and surface water, salty diet, and positive family history of cancer were the common risk factors for esophagitis, LGIN and HGIN/ESCC. History of chronic hepatitis/cirrhosis was the greatest risk factor of esophagitis (adjusted OR 2.96, 95%CI 2.52–3.47) and HGIN/ESCC (adjusted OR 1.91, 95%CI 1.03–3.22). Pesticide exposure (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.37) was essential risk factor of LGIN. Conclusions Among individuals aged 40–69 years in high incidence regions of upper gastrointestinal cancer, the results provided important epidemiological evidence for the prevention of different precancerous lesions of ESCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08764-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Niu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Endoscopy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, 250000, China
| | - Yuqin Liu
- Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Shaokai Zhang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanxi Cancer Hospital, Shanxi, 030013, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei, 050000, China
| | - Deli Zhao
- Feicheng People's Hospital, Shandong, 271600, China
| | - Fugang Liu
- Dongping People's Hospital, Shandong, 271500, China
| | - Lina Chao
- Department of Epidemiology, Hebi People's Hospital, Henan, 458030, China
| | | | - Chunli Zhang
- The First People's Hospital of Ningyang County, Shandong, 271400, China
| | - Guohui Song
- Cixian Institute for Cancer Prevention and Control, Hebei, 056500, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Gansu Wuwei Cancer Hospital, Gansu, 733000, China
| | - Youpeng Li
- Minqin County People's Hospital, Gansu, 733000, China
| | - Zheng Yan
- Linze County People's Hospital, Gansu, 734200, China
| | - Yongxiu Wen
- Shandan County People's Hospital, Gansu, 734000, China
| | - Yinyin Ge
- Gaotai County People's Hospital, Gansu, 734300, China
| | - Zhaoping Zang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Haiping Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lixin Tao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Rena Nakyeyune
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiuhua Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Toni Miles
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Aiming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Guiqi Wang
- Department of Endoscopy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Yano Y, Etemadi A, Abnet CC. Microbiome and Cancers of the Esophagus: A Review. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1764. [PMID: 34442842 PMCID: PMC8398938 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is an aggressive malignant disease ranking amongst the leading causes of cancer deaths in the world. The two main histologic subtypes, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), have distinct geographic and temporal patterns and risk factor profiles. Despite decades of research, the factors underlying these geo-temporal patterns are still not fully understood. The human microbiome has recently been implicated in various health conditions and disease, and it is possible that the microbiome may play an important role in the etiology of EC. Although studies of the microbiome and EC are still in their early stages, we review our current understanding of the potential links between ESCC, EAC, and bacterial communities in the oral cavity and esophagus. We also provide a summary of the epidemiology of EC and highlight some key challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Yano
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.E.); (C.C.A.)
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Poosari A, Nutravong T, Sa-Ngiamwibool P, Namwat W, Chatrchaiwiwatana S, Ungareewittaya P. Association between infection with Campylobacter species, poor oral health and environmental risk factors on esophageal cancer: a hospital-based case-control study in Thailand. Eur J Med Res 2021; 26:82. [PMID: 34332608 PMCID: PMC8325836 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-021-00561-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown the association between Campylobacter species infection and that environmental factors, poor oral hygiene in particular, are linked to an increased risk of esophageal cancer (EC). However, no study has reported on these factors in Thailand. Thus, this study’s objective was to evaluate the impact of the relationship between Campylobacter infection and environmental factors on EC incidence in the population of Thailand. Methods Data from a case–control study were collected from 105 newly diagnosed EC cases and 105 controls recruited from 2007 to 2017. Infection with Campylobacter spp. was detected in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue of EC taken from gastroesophageal biopsy specimens obtained from the participants, and evaluated using TaqMan® real-time PCR. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and perform data analysis. Results Smoking, alcohol use, a family history of cancer, history of gastroesophageal reflux disease, poor oral hygiene and Campylobacter spp. infection were shown to be significant risk factors for EC (p < 0.05). The combination of poor oral hygiene and infection with Campylobacter spp. constituted significant risk for EC (p < 0.001). In addition, the risk of EC in subjects co-infected with C. rectus and C. concisus that practiced poor oral hygiene was even higher and was significant (ORadj = 4.7; 95% CI 2.41–9.98; p = 0.003). Conclusions In Thailand, the major risk factors for EC are smoking status, alcohol drinking, family history of cancer, GERD, poor oral hygiene and Campylobacter spp. infection. This study found Campylobacter spp. prevalence to be associated with EC and appears to be enhanced by poor oral hygiene, suggesting that a combination of poor oral hygiene and Campylobacter species infection may together act as an important etiological risk factor for EC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40001-021-00561-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arisara Poosari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Thitima Nutravong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Prakasit Sa-Ngiamwibool
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen Universtity, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Wises Namwat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Piti Ungareewittaya
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen Universtity, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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Baiu I, Titan AL, Martin LW, Wolf A, Backhus L. The role of gender in non-small cell lung cancer: a narrative review. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:3816-3826. [PMID: 34277072 PMCID: PMC8264700 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-3128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The role of gender in the development, treatment and prognosis of thoracic malignancies has been underappreciated and understudied. While most research has been grounded in tobacco-related malignancies, the incidence of non-smoking related lung cancer is on the rise and disproportionately affecting women. Recent research studies have unveiled critical differences between men and women with regard to risk factors, timeliness of diagnosis, incongruent screening practices, molecular and genetic mechanisms, as well as response to treatment and survival. These studies also highlight the increasingly recognized need for targeted therapies that account for variations in the response and complications as a function of gender. Similarly, screening recommendations continue to evolve as the role of gender is starting to be ellucidated. As women have been underrepresented in clinical trials until recently, the data regarding optimal care and outcomes is still lagging behind. Understanding the underlying similarities and differences between men and women is paramount to providing adequate care and prognostication to patients of either gender. This review provides an overview of the critical role that gender plays in the care of patients with non-small cell lung cancer and other thoracic malignancies, with an emphasis on the need for increased awareness and further research to continue elucidating these disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Baiu
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ashley L Titan
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Linda W Martin
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Andrea Wolf
- Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leah Backhus
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA
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Mmbaga BT, Mwasamwaja A, Mushi G, Mremi A, Nyakunga G, Kiwelu I, Swai R, Kiwelu G, Mustapha S, Mghase E, Mchome A, Shao R, Mallya E, Rwakatema DS, Kilonzo K, Munishi OM, Abedi‐Ardekani B, Middleton D, Schüz J, McCormack V. Missing and decayed teeth, oral hygiene and dental staining in relation to esophageal cancer risk: ESCCAPE case-control study in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:2416-2428. [PMID: 33320959 PMCID: PMC8048942 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the African esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) corridor, recent work from Kenya found increased ESCC risk associated with poor oral health, including an ill-understood association with dental fluorosis. We examined these associations in a Tanzanian study, which included examination of potential biases influencing the latter association. This age and sex frequency-matched case-control study included 310 ESCC cases and 313 hospital visitor/patient controls. Exposures included self-reported oral hygiene and nondental observer assessed decayed+missing+filled tooth count (DMFT index) and the Thylstrup-Fejerskov dental fluorosis index (TFI). Blind to this nondental observer TFI, a dentist independently assessed fluorosis on photographs of 75 participants. Odds ratios (ORs) are adjusted for demographic factors, alcohol and tobacco. ESCC risk was associated with using a chewed stick to brush teeth (OR 2.3 [95% CI: 1.3-4.1]), using charcoal to whiten teeth (OR 2.13 [95% CI: 1.3, 4.1]) and linearly with the DMFT index (OR 3.3 95% CI: [1.8, 6.0] for ≥10 vs 0). Nondental observer-assessed fluorosis was strongly associated with ESCC risk (OR 13.5 [95% CI: 5.7-31.9] for TFI 5+ v 0). However, the professional dentist's assessment indicated that only 43% (10/23) of participants assessed as TFI 5+ actually had fluorosis. In summary, using oral charcoal, brushing with a chewed stick and missing/decayed teeth may be risk factors for ESCC in Tanzania, for which dose-response and mechanistic research is needed. Links of ESCC with "dental fluorosis" suffered from severe exposure misclassification, rendering it impossible to disentangle any effects of fluorosis, extrinsic staining or reverse causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blandina T. Mmbaga
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute—Kilimanjaro Christian Medical CentreMoshiTanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
| | - Amos Mwasamwaja
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute—Kilimanjaro Christian Medical CentreMoshiTanzania
| | - Godfrey Mushi
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute—Kilimanjaro Christian Medical CentreMoshiTanzania
| | - Alex Mremi
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute—Kilimanjaro Christian Medical CentreMoshiTanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
| | - Gissela Nyakunga
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute—Kilimanjaro Christian Medical CentreMoshiTanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
| | - Ireen Kiwelu
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute—Kilimanjaro Christian Medical CentreMoshiTanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
| | - Remigi Swai
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute—Kilimanjaro Christian Medical CentreMoshiTanzania
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Deogratias S. Rwakatema
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute—Kilimanjaro Christian Medical CentreMoshiTanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
| | - Kajiru Kilonzo
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute—Kilimanjaro Christian Medical CentreMoshiTanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University CollegeMoshiTanzania
| | - Oresto Michael Munishi
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute—Kilimanjaro Christian Medical CentreMoshiTanzania
| | | | - Daniel Middleton
- Environmental and Lifestyle Epidemiology BranchInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Joachim Schüz
- Environmental and Lifestyle Epidemiology BranchInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Valerie McCormack
- Environmental and Lifestyle Epidemiology BranchInternational Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
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D'Souza SM, Houston K, Keenan L, Yoo BS, Parekh PJ, Johnson DA. Role of microbial dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of esophageal mucosal disease: A paradigm shift from acid to bacteria? World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:2054-2072. [PMID: 34025064 PMCID: PMC8117736 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i18.2054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic sequencing, bioinformatics, and initial speciation (e.g., relative abundance) of the commensal microbiome have revolutionized the way we think about the “human” body in health and disease. The interactions between the gut bacteria and the immune system of the host play a key role in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases, including those impacting the esophagus. Although relatively stable, there are a number of factors that may disrupt the delicate balance between the luminal esophageal microbiome (EM) and the host. These changes are thought to be a product of age, diet, antibiotic and other medication use, oral hygiene, smoking, and/or expression of antibiotic products (bacteriocins) by other flora. These effects may lead to persistent dysbiosis which in turn increases the risk of local inflammation, systemic inflammation, and ultimately disease progression. Research has suggested that the etiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease-related esophagitis includes a cytokine-mediated inflammatory component and is, therefore, not merely the result of esophageal mucosal exposure to corrosives (i.e., acid). Emerging evidence also suggests that the EM plays a major role in the pathogenesis of disease by inciting an immunogenic response which ultimately propagates the inflammatory cascade. Here, we discuss the potential role for manipulating the EM as a therapeutic option for treating the root cause of various esophageal disease rather than just providing symptomatic relief (i.e., acid suppression).
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve M D'Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23502, United States
| | - Kevin Houston
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23502, United States
| | - Lauren Keenan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23502, United States
| | - Byung Soo Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23502, United States
| | - Parth J Parekh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23502, United States
| | - David A Johnson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23502, United States
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Huang X, Li Y, Zhou RM, Cui SJ, Cao SR, Huo XR, Wang N. CDH1 gene rs1801552 C/T polymorphism increases susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma but not to gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma. Cancer Invest 2021; 39:812-818. [PMID: 33888005 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2021.1916520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to investigate whether the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1801552 C/T in CDH1 gene is correlated with the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma (GCA), as a preliminary study. METHODS The rs1801552 C/T polymorphism was genotyped by the method of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 1316 cancer patients (810 ESCC and 506 GCA) and 1966 controls in north China. We performed two case-control studies, each of which included a population-based set and a hospital-based set. RESULTS The data showed that the rs1801552 C/T polymorphism was associated with the risk of ESCC. Allelotype and genotype distributions of the rs1801552 C/T polymorphism in ESCC patients of high-incidence region and hospital were significantly different from that in their respective controls (P < 0.05). Compared with C/C genotype, T/T genotype increased the risk of ESCC in high-incidence region and hospital (age, sex, smoking status and family history of UGIC adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.79 and 2.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.23 - 2.60 and 1.10 - 4.04, respectively). Allelotype and genotype distributions of the rs1801552 C/T polymorphism in GCA patients were not significantly different from that in their controls, respectively (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings in the present pilot study suggest that the rs1801552 C/T polymorphism was associated with the risk of ESCC, but was not associated with the risk of GCA in high-incidence region and hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Huang
- Hebei Provincial Cancer Institute, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Li
- Hebei Provincial Cancer Institute, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Rong-Miao Zhou
- Hebei Provincial Cancer Institute, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Sai-Jin Cui
- Hebei Provincial Cancer Institute, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Shi-Ru Cao
- Hebei Provincial Cancer Institute, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Xiang-Ran Huo
- Hebei Provincial Cancer Institute, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Na Wang
- Hebei Provincial Cancer Institute, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China
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Pinton G, Manzotti B, Balzano C, Moro L. Expression and clinical implications of estrogen receptors in thoracic malignancies: a narrative review. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:1851-1863. [PMID: 33841973 PMCID: PMC8024832 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-2277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Thoracic malignancies represent a significant global health burden with incidence and mortality increasing year by year. Thoracic cancer prognosis and treatment options depend on several factors, including the type and size of the tumor, its location, and the overall health status of patients. Gender represents an important prognostic variable in thoracic malignancies. One of the greatest biological differences between women and men is the presence of female sex hormones, and an increasing number of studies suggest that estrogens may play either a causative or a protective role in thoracic malignancies. Over the past 60 years since the discovery of the first nuclear estrogen receptor (ER) isoform α and the almost 20 years since the discovery of the second estrogen receptor, ERβ, different mechanisms governing estrogen action have been identified and characterized. This literature review reports the published data regarding the expression and function of ERs in different thoracic malignancies and discuss sex disparity in clinical outcomes. From this analysis emerges that further efforts are warranted to better elucidate the role of sex hormones in thoracic malignancies, and to reduce disparities in care between genders. Understanding the mechanisms by which gender-related differences can affect and interfere with the onset and evolution of thoracic malignancies and impact on response to therapies could help to improve the knowledge needed to develop increasingly personalized and targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pinton
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Beatrice Manzotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Cecilia Balzano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Laura Moro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Deybasso HA, Roba KT, Nega B, Belachew T. Dietary and Environmental Determinants of Oesophageal Cancer in Arsi Zone, Oromia, Central Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:2071-2082. [PMID: 33664594 PMCID: PMC7924120 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s298892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Oesophageal cancer is ranked 5th of all types of malignancies in Ethiopia and highly prevalent in the Arsi Zone. However, no study was conducted to elucidate the dietary and environmental determinants of oesophageal cancer in the Arsi Zone. METHODS A matched case-control study was conducted from June 1, 2019, to June 30, 2020. A total of 104 cases and 208 controls were interviewed. Data were collected using food frequency questionnaires (structured questionnaires). Binary and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to check the association between independent and dependent variables. Adjusted odds ratios and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals were estimated for the strength of association. Statistical significance was declared at a P-value of <0.05. RESULTS In multivariable logistic regression, drinking very hot coffee (AOR=5.1,[95% CI: (1.95, 13.71), drinking large volume of coffee (AOR=4.9, [95% CI: (2.03, 12.17), very hot porridge (AOR= 3.1,[95% CI: (1.38,7.03) and eating porridge fast (AOR=7.0, [95% CI: (2.48, 20.14), low intake of dairy products (AOR=6.0, [95% CI: (2.29, 15.95), cooking food in sleeping room (AOR=3.7, [95% CI: (1.22, 11.39), exposure to x-ray (AOR=9.4,[95% CI: (3.94, 22.82), nonalcohol homemade drinks (AOR=5.4,[95% CI: (1.97, 15.14), use of chemical containers (AOR=3.4, [95% CI: (1.48, 8.23) were determinants of oesophageal cancer. CONCLUSION Coffee temperature, coffee drinking volume, porridge consumption temperature, porridge consumption speed, dairy products intake patterns, food cooking place, x-ray exposure, nonalcohol homemade drink, and use of chemical containers were independent determinants of the increased risk of oesophageal cancer in the study community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haji Aman Deybasso
- Jimma University, Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Kedir Teji Roba
- Haramaya University, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanu Nega
- Addis Ababa University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tefera Belachew
- Jimma University, Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Jimma, Ethiopia
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