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Lai C, Dai X, Tian D, Lv S, Tang J. Chemistry and bioactivity of marine algal toxins and their geographic distribution in China. Fitoterapia 2024; 178:106193. [PMID: 39187028 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Marine algal toxins are usually produced by some toxic algae during toxic algal blooms which can be accumulated in marine organisms through food chains, leading to contamination of aquatic products. Consumption of the contaminated seafood often results in poisoning in human being. Although algal toxins are harmful for human health, their unique structures and broad spectrum of biological activities have attracted widespread attention of chemists and pharmacologists. Marine algal toxins are not only a reservoir of biological active compound discovery, but also powerful tools for exploring life science. This review first provides a comprehensive overview of the chemistry and biological activities of marine algal toxins, with the aim of providing references for biological active compound discovery. Additionally, typical shellfish poisoning incidents occurred in China in the past 15 years and the geographical distribution of the marine algal toxins in China Sea are discussed, for the purpose of enhancing public awareness of the possible dangers of algal toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changrong Lai
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaojun Dai
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Danmei Tian
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Songhui Lv
- Research Center of Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510362, China.
| | - Jinshan Tang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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2
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Liu W, Semmouri I, Janssen CR, Asselman J. Temperature dependent sensitivity of the harpacticoid copepod Nitokra spinipes to marine algal toxins. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 366:143420. [PMID: 39349068 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) - proliferated algae densities, often producing toxins - have increasingly been found in ocean and coastal areas. Recent studies show that rising temperatures contribute to HAB occurrence, but the broader influence of climate change on these outbreaks is less quantified. Of particular concern is the limited research on HAB toxin effects under varying temperatures, especially regarding primary consumers such as copepods, a crucial component of aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, we examined the impact of marine toxins on the harpacticoid copepod Nitokra spinipes, a model organism for marine ecotoxicology, in the context of climate change. We evaluated the toxicity of four purified, commonly occurring algal toxins, at three different temperatures in the laboratory. First, adult females were exposed to a concentration series of toxins at 15, 20, and 25 °C for 48 h. EC50 values of domoic acid ranged from 8.79 ± 1.93 μg L-1 to 25.97 ± 11.96 μg L-1. Nauplii, aged 48-72 h, were exposed at 18, 20 and 22 °C for the same duration. Less sensitive compared to adults, the EC50 of domoic acid in this case varied from 57.26 ± 6.82 μg L-1 to 97.24 ± 6.45 μg L-1. Both results indicated a temperature-dependent EC50. For the chronic toxicity tests, larval development ratio (LDR), brood size and inter-brood time of domoic acid (DA), yessotoxin (YTX), saxitoxin (STX), and microcystin-LR (MC-LR) were examined at 18, 20 and 22 °C. We observed that with increasing temperatures, LDR increased, whereas brood size significantly decreased as DA, YTX or STX concentrations rose. No interaction between temperature and algal toxins was found but a temperature dependent sensitivity of copepods towards DA, YTX and STX was revealed. Our research provides insights into the effects of long-term exposure to algal toxins on marine copepods and the potential impacts of climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Liu
- Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Bluebridge, Wetenschapspark 1, 8400, Ostend, Belgium.
| | - Ilias Semmouri
- Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Bluebridge, Wetenschapspark 1, 8400, Ostend, Belgium
| | - Colin R Janssen
- Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Bluebridge, Wetenschapspark 1, 8400, Ostend, Belgium
| | - Jana Asselman
- Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Bluebridge, Wetenschapspark 1, 8400, Ostend, Belgium
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Sunar F, Dervisoglu A, Yagmur N, Atabay H, Donertas A. Comparison of conventional and machine learning regression models for accurate prediction of selected optical active components - A case study: The Gulf of Izmit. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 208:116942. [PMID: 39278175 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
This study hypothesizes that advanced machine learning (ML) models can more accurately predict certain critical water quality parameters in marine environments compared to conventional regression techniques. We specifically evaluated the spatio-temporal distribution of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and Secchi Disk Depth (SDD) in the Gulf of Izmit using in-situ measurements and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery from October 2021 and 2022. Among the models tested, the Support Vector Regression (SVR) model showed better predictive performance, achieving the lowest RMSE for SDD (1.11-1.70 m) and Chl-a (1.16-4.97 mg/m3) and the lowest MAE for SDD (0.86-1.43 m) and Chl-a (1.03-3.17 mg/m3). Additionally, the study observed a shift from hypertrophic to eutrophic Chl-a conditions and from mesotrophic-eutrophic to oligotrophic SDD conditions between 2021 and 2022, aligning with SVR model predictions and in-situ observations. These findings underscore the potential of ML models to enhance the accuracy of water quality monitoring and management in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Sunar
- Geomatics Engineering Department, Civil Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - A Dervisoglu
- Geomatics Engineering Department, Civil Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - N Yagmur
- Geomatics Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Türkiye
| | - H Atabay
- TUBITAK MRC Marine and Coastal Research Group, Kocaeli, Türkiye
| | - A Donertas
- TUBITAK MRC Marine and Coastal Research Group, Kocaeli, Türkiye
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Zhang H, Wang N, Zhang D, Wang F, Xu S, Ding X, Xie Y, Tian J, Li B, Cui Z, Jiang T. Composition and temporal dynamics of the phytoplankton community in Laizhou Bay revealed by microscopic observation and rbcL gene sequencing. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 202:106734. [PMID: 39244953 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Laizhou Bay, a major breeding ground for economic marine organisms in the northern waters of China, is facing rapid environmental degradation. In this study, field surveys in this area were conducted in the spring, summer, and autumn of 2020. Microscopic observation and RuBisCO large subunit (rbcL) gene analysis were employed to understand the community structure and temporal dynamics of phytoplankton. The phytoplankton community structures detected by the two methods showed significant differences. Microscopic observation revealed the dominance of dinoflagellates in spring that shifted to the dominance of diatoms in summer and autumn. However, rbcL gene sequencing consistently identified diatoms as dominant throughout all three seasons, with their relative abundance showing an increasing trend. Conversely, the relative abundance of the second- and third-most abundant taxa, namely, haptophytes and ochrophytes, decreased as the seasons transitioned. rbcL gene sequencing annotated more species than microscopy. It could detect haptophytes and cryptophytes, which were overlooked by microscopy. In addition, rbcL gene sequencing detected a remarkable amount of Thalassiosira profunda, which was previously unidentified in this sea area. However, it appeared to underestimate the contribution of dinoflagellates considerably, with most taxa being only identified through microscopic identification. The two methods jointly identified 28 harmful algal bloom taxa with similar detection quantities but substantial differences in species composition. Phytoplankton communities were influenced by temperature, salinity, and nutrients. The results of this work suggest that a combination of multiple techniques is necessary for a comprehensive understanding of phytoplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhang
- School of Oceanography, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Oceanography, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Oceanography, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, China
| | - Shiji Xu
- Yantai Ocean Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Yantai, 264006, China
| | - Xiaokun Ding
- School of Oceanography, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Yixuan Xie
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jinghuan Tian
- School of Oceanography, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Bin Li
- Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai, 264006, China
| | - Zhengguo Cui
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Tao Jiang
- School of Oceanography, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
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Kim YJ, Kim HJ, Lee TK, Kang D, Kim H, Cho S, Kim JH, Jung SW. Determining ecological interactions of key dinoflagellate species using an intensive metabarcoding approach in a semi-closed coastal ecosystem of South Korea. HARMFUL ALGAE 2024; 138:102698. [PMID: 39244233 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Marine phytoplankton communities are pivotal in biogeochemical cycles and impact global climate change. However, the dynamics of the dinoflagellate community, its co-occurrence relationship with other eukaryotic plankton communities, and environmental factors remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to analyze the temporal changes in the eukaryotic plankton community using a 18S rDNA metabarcoding approach. We performed intensive monitoring for 439 days at intervals of three days during the period from November 2018 to June 2020 (n = 260) in Jangmok Bay Time-series Monitoring Site in South Korea. Among the 16,224 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) obtained, dinoflagellates were the most abundant in the plankton community (38 % of total relative abundance). The dinoflagellate community was divided into 21 groups via cluster analysis, which showed an annually similar distribution of low-temperature periods. Additionally, we selected 11 taxa that had an occurrence mean exceeding 1 % of the total dinoflagellate abundance, accounting for 93 % of the total dinoflagellate community: namely Heterocapsa rotundata, Gymnodinium sp., Akashiwo sanguinea, Amoebophrya sp., Euduboscquella sp., Spiniferites ramosus, Dissodinium pseudolunula, Sinophysis sp., Karlodinium veneficum, and Katodinium glaucum. The key dinoflagellate species were well represented at temporally variable levels over an entire year. Heterocapsa rotundata was not significantly affected by water temperature, whereas its dynamics were largely influenced by strong predation pressure, competition, and/or the supplementation of food sources. The growth of A. sanguinea was associated with dissolved inorganic phosphorus concentrations, while Euduboscquella sp. showed a significant relationship with D. pseudolunula and K. glaucum, largely representing a positive association that implies possible parasitic mechanisms. This study demonstrated interactions between key dinoflagellate species and the environment, as well as parasites, predators, competitors, and feeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Kim
- Library of Marine Samples, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje 656-834, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Kim
- Library of Marine Samples, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje 656-834, Republic of Korea; Department of Oceanography and Marine Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Kyun Lee
- Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; Ecological Risk Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Donhyug Kang
- Marine Domain & Security Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansoo Kim
- Marine Domain & Security Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Cho
- Marine Domain & Security Research Department, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Kim
- Department of Earth and Marine Science, College of Ocean Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Won Jung
- Library of Marine Samples, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje 656-834, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Pfennings K, Hoffmann TK, Hitzegrad J, Paul M, Goseberg N, Wehrmann A. Beyond annual metrics: Linking seasonal population dynamics to vertical oyster reef growth. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e70238. [PMID: 39290665 PMCID: PMC11407904 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.70238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Oysters are ecosystem engineering species building reef-like biogenic structures in temperate shallow water environments, serving as biodiversity hotspots. Recently, also their ecosystem services such as fish nursery, pollutants sink and self-sustaining coastal protection mechanisms came into a research focus. In light of accelerated sea level rise and increasing environmental dynamics, a determination of vertical growth rates of these biosedimentary structures is paramount in assessing their resilience. This study embarked on a comprehensive survey of seasonal vertical reef growth rates using terrestrial laser scanning and related population dynamics of two intertidal reefs built by the non-native oyster Magallana gigas in the Wadden Sea. We quantified median reef growth at 19.8 mm yr-1 for the Kaiserbalje reef and 17.5 mm yr-1 for the Nordland reef. Additionally, we tested the hypothesis that the seasonal variations in reef growth rates correspond to the local population dynamics, mainly the parameters of shell length and abundance which mirror delayed effects from previous spawning events. Shell growth rates were 0.03-0.06 mm d-1 in winter and 0.10-0.16 mm d-1 in summer, mean oyster abundance from autumn 2019 to spring 2022 was 627 ± 43 ind. m-2 and 338 ± 87 ind. m-2 at the Kaiserbalje and Nordland reefs respectively. Minor reef growth in the topmost reef area reflects an emerging equilibrium of the vertical reef position to actual sea level. Our findings are in accordance with growth of natural Crassostrea virginica reefs on the US East Coast, indicating potential resilience to actual and predicted sea level rise scenarios. Moreover, understanding local hydro-morphodynamic feedback linked to sea level rise will be vital in predicting the three-dimensional stability of these biosedimentary structures and habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Pfennings
- Marine Research DepartmentSenckenberg am MeerWilhelmshavenGermany
| | - Tom K. Hoffmann
- Ludwig Franzius Institute of Hydraulic, Estuarine and Coastal EngineeringLeibniz University HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Jan Hitzegrad
- Leichtweiß‐Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water ResourcesTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Maike Paul
- Ludwig Franzius Institute of Hydraulic, Estuarine and Coastal EngineeringLeibniz University HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Nils Goseberg
- Leichtweiß‐Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water ResourcesTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Coastal Research CenterJoint Research Facility of Leibniz University Hannover and Technische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Achim Wehrmann
- Marine Research DepartmentSenckenberg am MeerWilhelmshavenGermany
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Fallon TR, Shende VV, Wierzbicki IH, Pendleton AL, Watervoort NF, Auber RP, Gonzalez DJ, Wisecaver JH, Moore BS. Giant polyketide synthase enzymes in the biosynthesis of giant marine polyether toxins. Science 2024; 385:671-678. [PMID: 39116217 DOI: 10.1126/science.ado3290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Prymnesium parvum are harmful haptophyte algae that cause massive environmental fish kills. Their polyketide polyether toxins, the prymnesins, are among the largest nonpolymeric compounds in nature and have biosynthetic origins that have remained enigmatic for more than 40 years. In this work, we report the "PKZILLAs," massive P. parvum polyketide synthase (PKS) genes that have evaded previous detection. PKZILLA-1 and -2 encode giant protein products of 4.7 and 3.2 megadaltons that have 140 and 99 enzyme domains. Their predicted polyene product matches the proposed pre-prymnesin precursor of the 90-carbon-backbone A-type prymnesins. We further characterize the variant PKZILLA-B1, which is responsible for the shorter B-type analog prymnesin-B1, from P. parvum RCC3426 and thus establish a general model of haptophyte polyether biosynthetic logic. This work expands expectations of genetic and enzymatic size limits in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Fallon
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Vikram V Shende
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Igor H Wierzbicki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Amanda L Pendleton
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Nathan F Watervoort
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Robert P Auber
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - David J Gonzalez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jennifer H Wisecaver
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Bradley S Moore
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Wang X, Fon M, Andersen AJC, Solhaug A, Ingebrigtsen RA, Samdal IA, Uhlig S, Miles CO, Edvardsen B, Larsen TO. Insights into the nature of ichthyotoxins from the Chrysochromulina leadbeateri blooms in Northern Norwegian fjords. HARMFUL ALGAE 2024; 137:102681. [PMID: 39003025 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
In May-June 2019, the microalga Chrysochromulina leadbeateri caused a massive fish-killing event in several fjords in Northern Norway, resulting in the largest direct impact ever on aquaculture in northern Europe due to toxic algae. Motivated by the fact that no algal toxins have previously been described from C. leadbeateri, we set out to investigate the chemical nature and toxicity of secondary metabolites in extracts of two strains (UIO 393, UIO 394) isolated from the 2019 bloom, as well as one older strain (UIO 035) isolated during a bloom in Northern Norway in 1991. Initial LC-DAD-MS/MS-based molecular networking analysis of the crude MeOH extracts of the cultivated strains showed that their profiles of small organic molecules, including a large number of known lipids, were very similar, suggesting that the same class of toxin(s) were likely the causative agents of the two harmful algal bloom (HAB) events. Next, bioassay-guided fractionation using the RTgill-W1 cell line and metabolomics analysis pointed to a major compound affording [M + H]+ ions at m/z 1399.8333 as a possible toxin, corresponding to a compound with the formula C67H127ClO27. Moreover, our study unveiled a series of minor analogues exhibiting distinct patterns of chlorination and sulfation, together defining a new family of compounds, which we propose to name leadbeaterins. Remarkably, these suspected toxins were detected in situ in samples collected during the 2019 bloom close to Tromsø, thereby consistent with a role in fish kills. The elemental compositions of the putative C. leadbeateri ichthyotoxins strongly indicate them to be long linear polyhydroxylated polyketides, structurally similar to sterolysins reported from a number of dinoflagellates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Wang
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Bioengineering, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mathias Fon
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås, Norway; University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aaron J C Andersen
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Bioengineering, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Richard A Ingebrigtsen
- Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand; UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | | | - Christopher O Miles
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ås, Norway; National Research Council Canada, Halifax, Canada
| | - Bente Edvardsen
- University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Thomas O Larsen
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Bioengineering, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Zheng X, Lin L, Xue M, Wang Q, Wang J, Wu H. Study on the diversity and germination of dinoflagellate cysts in the sediments of foreign ships in Shanghai Port. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 205:116566. [PMID: 38875971 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The dinoflagellate cysts present in the ballast water sediment of foreign ships in Shanghai Port have not been previously studied. Therefore, sediment samples were collected from the ballast water of 16 foreign ships in Shanghai Port, and the types of dinoflagellate cysts were identified and their abundance was calculated, with a specific focus on the analysis of toxic and harmful dinoflagellates. Moreover, simulations of temperature and salinity conditions throughout the year in the Shanghai port waters were conducted to carry out dinoflagellate cyst germination experiments, with analyze and compare the germinated dinoflagellate cysts under different conditions. Dinoflagellate cysts were found in 100 % of the ship sediment samples, including a total of 9 species of toxic and harmful dinoflagellate cysts. In the germination experiment, 15 °C was found to be the optimal temperature for the germination of dinoflagellate cysts in ballast water sediment, and high salinity is more favorable for cyst germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuming Zheng
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ling Lin
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; COSCO Shipping Heavy Industry Technology (Weihai) Co., Ltd., Weihai 264203, China
| | - Muyang Xue
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jian Wang
- COSCO Shipping Heavy Industry Technology (Weihai) Co., Ltd., Weihai 264203, China
| | - Huixian Wu
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.
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10
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Reid N, Reyne MI, O'Neill W, Greer B, He Q, Burdekin O, McGrath JW, Elliott CT. Unprecedented Harmful algal bloom in the UK and Ireland's largest lake associated with gastrointestinal bacteria, microcystins and anabaenopeptins presenting an environmental and public health risk. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 190:108934. [PMID: 39106632 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) are outbreaks of aquatic toxic microalgae emerging as a global problem driven by nutrient enrichment, global climate change and invasive species. We uniquely describe a HAB of unprecedented duration, extent and magnitude during 2023 in Lough Neagh; the UK and Ireland's largest freshwater lake, using an unparalleled combination of satellite imagery, nutrient analysis, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and cyanotoxin profiling. The causative agent Microcystis aeruginosa accounted for over a third of DNA in water samples though common bacterioplankton species also bloomed. Water phosphate levels were hypertrophic and drove local algal biomass. The HAB pervaded the entire ecosystem with algal mats accumulating around jetties, marinas and lock gates. Over 80 % of bacterial DNA isolated from algal mat samples consisted of species associated with wildfowl or livestock faeces and human-effluent wastewater including 13 potential pathogens that can cause serious human illness including: E. coli, Salmonella, Enterobacter and Clostridium among others. Ten microcystins, nodularin and two anabaenopeptin toxins were confirmed as present (with a further microcystin and four anabaenopeptins suspected), with MC-RR and -LR in high concentrations at some locations (1,137-18,493 μg/L) with MC-LR exceeding World Health Organisation (WHO) recreational exposure guidelines in all algal mats sampled. This is the first detection of anabaenopeptins in any waterbody on the island of Ireland. Notwithstanding the ecological impacts, this HAB represented an environmental and public health risk, curtailing recreational activities in-and-around the lake and damaging local businesses. Reducing agricultural runoff and discharge from human-effluent wastewater treatment to manage nutrient loading, and the public health risk, should be the top priority of stakeholders, especially government. Key recommendations include Nature-based Solutions that avoid conflict with the productivity and profitability of the farming sector enhancing sustainability. We hope this stimulates real-world action to resolve the problems besetting this internationally important ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Reid
- Institute of Global Food Security (IGFS), School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Marina I Reyne
- Institute of Global Food Security (IGFS), School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - William O'Neill
- Institute of Global Food Security (IGFS), School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Brett Greer
- Institute of Global Food Security (IGFS), School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK; International Joint Research Center on Food Security (IJC-FOODSEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Qiqi He
- Institute of Global Food Security (IGFS), School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK; International Joint Research Center on Food Security (IJC-FOODSEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Oliver Burdekin
- Department for Continuing Education, University of Oxford, Rewley House, 1 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2JA, UK
| | - John W McGrath
- Institute of Global Food Security (IGFS), School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Chris T Elliott
- Institute of Global Food Security (IGFS), School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, Northern Ireland, UK; International Joint Research Center on Food Security (IJC-FOODSEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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11
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Kalvelage J, Rabus R. Multifaceted Dinoflagellates and the Marine Model Prorocentrum cordatum. Microb Physiol 2024; 34:197-242. [PMID: 39047710 DOI: 10.1159/000540520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dinoflagellates are a monophyletic group within the taxon Alveolata, which comprises unicellular eukaryotes. Dinoflagellates have long been studied for their organismic and morphologic diversity as well as striking cellular features. They have a main size range of 10-100 µm, a complex "cell covering", exceptionally large genomes (∼1-250 Gbp with a mean of 50,000 protein-encoding genes) spread over a variable number of highly condensed chromosomes, and perform a closed mitosis with extranuclear spindles (dinomitosis). Photosynthetic, marine, and free-living Prorocentrum cordatum is a ubiquitously occurring, bloom-forming dinoflagellate, and an emerging model system, particularly with respect to systems biology. SUMMARY Focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) analysis of P. cordatum recently revealed (i) a flattened nucleus with unusual structural features and a total of 62 tightly packed chromosomes, (ii) a single, barrel-shaped chloroplast devoid of grana and harboring multiple starch granules, (iii) a single, highly reticular mitochondrion, and (iv) multiple phosphate and lipid storage bodies. Comprehensive proteomics of subcellular fractions suggested (i) major basic nuclear proteins to participate in chromosome condensation, (ii) composition of nuclear pores to differ from standard knowledge, (iii) photosystems I and II, chloroplast complex I, and chlorophyll a-b binding light-harvesting complex to form a large megacomplex (>1.5 MDa), and (iv) an extraordinary richness in pigment-binding proteins. Systems biology-level investigation of heat stress response demonstrated a concerted down-regulation of CO2-concentrating mechanisms, CO2-fixation, central metabolism, and monomer biosynthesis, which agrees with reduced growth yields. KEY MESSAGES FIB/SEM analysis revealed new insights into the remarkable subcellular architecture of P. cordatum, complemented by proteogenomic unraveling of novel nuclear structures and a photosynthetic megacomplex. These recent findings are put in the wider context of current understanding of dinoflagellates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kalvelage
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), School of Mathematics and Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Rabus
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), School of Mathematics and Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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12
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Ardura A, Fernandez S, Planes S, Garcia-Vazquez E. Environmental DNA for the surveillance of biosecurity threats in Mediterranean lagoons. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 199:106601. [PMID: 38875900 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Invasive species that outcompete endemic ones and toxic harmful algae that cause algal blooms threaten marine resources like fisheries, aquaculture, and even tourism. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding can help as a method for early alert. In this study, we have analyzed communities inhabiting six lagoons within the Gulf of Lion (northwest Mediterranean Sea) with spatial protection as RAMSAR and Natura 2000 sites. Employing the COI gene as the only metabarcode, we found 15 genera that have caused recognized algal bloom outbreaks in the studied lagoons since 2000. In addition, seven alien invasive species that can pose risks to the rich marine resources of the zone and lagoons were also found. The results found from eDNA are consistent with events of toxic algae blooms before and after the sampling moment and with reported occurrences of the invasive species in nearby Mediterranean areas. Multivariate multiple analysis showed the importance of anthropic pressure in the abundance of these nuisance species. Mitigation actions and routine eDNA metabarcoding in zones of special interest like these fragile French Mediterranean lagoons are recommended for early alert of nuisance species in order to plan timely management actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Ardura
- Department of Functional Biology, C/ Julian Claveria s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Spain; Centro Universitario para la Investigación y el Desarrollo del Agua (CUIDA), Edificio de Investigación del Campus de Mieres, University of Oviedo, C/Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós, s/n, 33600, Mieres, Spain.
| | - Sara Fernandez
- Department of Functional Biology, C/ Julian Claveria s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Serge Planes
- USR3278 CRIOBE EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, 66860, Perpignan, France; Centre de Recherche Insulaire et Observatoire de l'Environnement, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Eva Garcia-Vazquez
- Department of Functional Biology, C/ Julian Claveria s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Spain; Centro Universitario para la Investigación y el Desarrollo del Agua (CUIDA), Edificio de Investigación del Campus de Mieres, University of Oviedo, C/Gonzalo Gutiérrez Quirós, s/n, 33600, Mieres, Spain
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13
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Cunha M, Nardi A, Botelho MJ, Sales S, Pereira E, Soares AMVM, Regoli F, Freitas R. Can exposure to Gymnodinium catenatum toxic blooms influence the impacts induced by Neodymium in Mytilus galloprovincialis mussels? What doesn't kill can make them stronger? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134220. [PMID: 38636232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The presence in marine shellfish of toxins and pollutants like rare earth elements (REEs) poses a major threat to human well-being, coastal ecosystems, and marine life. Among the REEs, neodymium (Nd) stands out as a widely utilized element and is projected to be among the top five critical elements by 2025. Gymnodinum catenatum is a phytoplankton species commonly associated with the contamination of bivalves with paralytic shellfish toxins. This study evaluated the biological effects of Nd on the mussel species Mytilus galloprovincialis when exposed to G. catenatum cells for fourteen days, followed by a recovery period in uncontaminated seawater for another fourteen days. After co-exposure, mussels showed similar toxin accumulation in the Nd and G. catenatum treatment in comparison with the G. catenatum treatment alone. Increased metabolism and enzymatic defenses were observed in organisms exposed to G. catenatum cells, while Nd inhibited enzyme activity and caused cellular damage. Overall, this study revealed that the combined presence of G. catenatum cells and Nd, produced positive synergistic effects on M. galloprovincialis biochemical responses compared to G. catenatum alone, indicating that organisms' performance may be significantly modulated by the presence of multiple co-occurring stressors, such those related to chemical pollution and harmful algal blooms. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS: Neodymium (Nd) is widely used in green technologies like wind turbines, and this element's potential threats to aquatic environments are almost unknown, especially when co-occurring with other environmental factors such as blooms of toxic algae. This study revealed the cellular impacts induced by Nd in the bioindicator species Mytilus galloprovincialis but further demonstrated that the combination of both stressors can generate a positive defense response in mussels. The present findings also demonstrated that the impacts caused by Nd lasted even after a recovery period while a previous exposure to the toxins generated a faster biochemical improvement by the mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cunha
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alessandro Nardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90131, Italy
| | - Maria João Botelho
- IPMA, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal; CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Sabrina Sales
- IPMA, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165 Algés, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Pereira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE - Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Francesco Regoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo 90131, Italy
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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14
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Sharma A, Sarma VVSS. Response of coastal phytoplankton to pollution from various sources in the coastal Bay of Bengal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:31787-31805. [PMID: 38639903 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33354-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The coastal ocean receives nutrient pollutants from various sources, such as aerosols, municipal sewage, industrial effluents and groundwater discharge, with variable concentrations and stoichiometric ratios. The objective of this study is to examine the response of phytoplankton to these pollutants in the coastal water under silicate-rich and silicate-poor coastal waters. In order to achieve this, a microcosm experiment was conducted by adding the pollutants from various sources to the coastal waters during November and January, when the water column physicochemical characteristics are different. Low salinity and high silicate concentration were observed during November due to the influence of river discharge contrasting to that observed during January. Among the various sources of pollutants used, aerosols and industrial effluents did not contribute silicate whereas groundwater and municipal sewage contained high concentrations of silicate along with nitrate and phosphate during both the study periods. During November, an increase in phytoplankton biomass was noticed in all pollutant-added samples, except municipal sewage, due to the limitation of growth by nitrate. On the other hand, an increase in biomass and abundance of phytoplankton was observed in all pollutant-added samples, except for aerosol, during January. Increase in phytoplankton abundance associated with decrease in biomass was observed in aerosol-added sample due to co-limitation of silicate and phosphate during January. A significant response of Thalassiothrix sp. was observed for industrial effluent-added sample during November, whereas Chaetoceros sp. and Skeletonema sp. increased significantly during January. Higher increase in phytoplankton biomass was observed during November associated with higher availability of silicate in the coastal waters in January. Interestingly, an increase in the contribution of dinoflagellates was observed during January associated with low silicate in the coastal waters, suggesting that the concentration of silicate in the coastal waters determines the response of the phytoplankton group to pollutant inputs. This study suggested that silicate concentration in the coastal waters must be considered, in addition to the coastal currents, while computing dilution factors for the release of pollutants to the coastal ocean to avoid occurrence of unwanted phytoplankton blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sharma
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, 176 Lawsons Bay Colony, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - V V S S Sarma
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, 176 Lawsons Bay Colony, Visakhapatnam, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India.
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15
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Deschler M, Boulangé-Lecomte C, Duflot A, Sauvey A, Arcanjo C, Coulaud R, Jolly O, Niquil N, Fauchot J. First evidence of the induction of domoic acid production in Pseudo-nitzschia australis by the copepod Temora longicornis from the French coast. HARMFUL ALGAE 2024; 135:102628. [PMID: 38830707 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Diatoms of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia are widespread in marine waters. Some of them can produce the toxin domoic acid (DA) which can be responsible for amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) when transferred into the food web. These ASP events are of major concern, due to their ecological and socio-economic repercussions, particularly on the shellfish industry. Many studies have focused on the influence of abiotic factors on DA induction, less on the role of biotic interactions. Recently, the presence of predators has been shown to increase DA production in several Pseudo-nitzschia species, in particular in Arctic areas. In order to investigate the relationship between Pseudo-nitzschia species and grazers from the French coast, exposures between one strain of three species (P. australis, P. pungens, P. fraudulenta) and the copepod Temora longicornis were conducted for 5 days. Cellular and dissolved DA content were enhanced by 1,203 % and 1,556 % respectively after the 5-days exposure of P.australis whereas no DA induction was observed in P. pungens and P. fraudulenta. T. longicornis consumed all three Pseudo-nitzschia species. The copepod survival was not related to DA content. This study is an essential first step to better understanding the interactions between planktonic species from the French coast and highlights the potential key role of copepods in the Pseudo-nitzschia bloom events in the temperate ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Deschler
- Université Caen Normandie, MNHN, SU, UA, CNRS UMR 8067, IRD 207, Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), 14000, Caen, France; Université Le Havre Normandie, Normandie Univ, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Le Havre, F-76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Céline Boulangé-Lecomte
- Université Le Havre Normandie, Normandie Univ, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Le Havre, F-76600, Le Havre, France.
| | - Aurélie Duflot
- Université Le Havre Normandie, Normandie Univ, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Le Havre, F-76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Aurore Sauvey
- Université Caen Normandie, MNHN, SU, UA, CNRS UMR 8067, IRD 207, Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), 14000, Caen, France
| | - Caroline Arcanjo
- Université Le Havre Normandie, Normandie Univ, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Le Havre, F-76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Romain Coulaud
- Université Le Havre Normandie, Normandie Univ, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Le Havre, F-76600, Le Havre, France
| | - Orianne Jolly
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Centre de Recherches en Environnement Côtier (CREC), Station Marine, Université de Caen Normandie, 14530, Luc-sur-Mer, France
| | - Nathalie Niquil
- Université Caen Normandie, MNHN, SU, UA, CNRS UMR 8067, IRD 207, Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), 14000, Caen, France
| | - Juliette Fauchot
- Université Caen Normandie, MNHN, SU, UA, CNRS UMR 8067, IRD 207, Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), 14000, Caen, France
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16
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Lozano-Bilbao E, González JA, Lorenzo JM, Jurado-Ruzafa A, Delgado-Suárez I, Hardisson A, Rubio C, González-Weller D, Paz S, Gutiérrez ÁJ. Impact of natural events on metal bioaccumulation in Anemonia sulcata. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 202:116240. [PMID: 38522134 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Samples of Anemonia sulcata were collected in 2022 from different areas of the Canary Islands affected by different natural contamination sources, such sandstorms, submarine volcanic activity, continuous rainfall, upwelling and dinoflagellate blooms. Significant differences were observed between the zones for the metals and trace elements analyzed (Al, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, Co, Fe, B, Cu, Mg and Li). Anemones from volcanic areas showed higher levels of Cd, Pb and Ni. Individuals from sandstorm areas showed elevated levels of Al, Zn and Fe. Samples collected from areas affected by upwelling processes had higher concentrations of Cu, Mg and Li. Finally, the areas affected by dinoflagellates showed lower levels of Zn, Pb, Fe, Mg and Li. The study reveals how natural phenomena dramatically influence metal accumulation in A. sulcata, which is of great value for anticipating and managing potential problems associated with public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Lozano-Bilbao
- Grupo Interuniversitario de Toxicología Ambiental y Seguridad de los Alimentos y Medicamentos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Campus de Ofra, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; Grupo de Investigación en Ecología Marina Aplicada y Pesquerías (EMAP), Instituto de Investigación de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Campus de Tafira, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - José Antonio González
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecología Marina Aplicada y Pesquerías (EMAP), Instituto de Investigación de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Campus de Tafira, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - José María Lorenzo
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecología Marina Aplicada y Pesquerías (EMAP), Instituto de Investigación de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Campus de Tafira, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Alba Jurado-Ruzafa
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias, Calle Farola del Mar n. 22, 38180 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Indira Delgado-Suárez
- Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Área de Toxicología, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Campus de Ofra, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Arturo Hardisson
- Grupo Interuniversitario de Toxicología Ambiental y Seguridad de los Alimentos y Medicamentos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Campus de Ofra, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Área de Toxicología, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Campus de Ofra, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Carmen Rubio
- Grupo Interuniversitario de Toxicología Ambiental y Seguridad de los Alimentos y Medicamentos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Campus de Ofra, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Área de Toxicología, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Campus de Ofra, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Dailos González-Weller
- Grupo Interuniversitario de Toxicología Ambiental y Seguridad de los Alimentos y Medicamentos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Campus de Ofra, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; Servicio Público Canario de Salud, Laboratorio Central, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, 38006 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Soraya Paz
- Grupo Interuniversitario de Toxicología Ambiental y Seguridad de los Alimentos y Medicamentos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Campus de Ofra, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Área de Toxicología, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Campus de Ofra, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ángel J Gutiérrez
- Grupo Interuniversitario de Toxicología Ambiental y Seguridad de los Alimentos y Medicamentos, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Campus de Ofra, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain; Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Área de Toxicología, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Campus de Ofra, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, 38071 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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17
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Langangen Ø, Durant JM. Persistence of fish populations to longer, more intense, and more frequent mass mortality events. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17251. [PMID: 38519869 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Over the last decades, mass mortality events have become increasingly common across taxa with sometimes devastating effects on population biomass. In the aquatic environment, fish are sensitive to mass mortality events, particularly at the early life stages that are crucial for population dynamics. However, it has recently been shown for fish, that a single mass mortality event in early life typically does not lead to population collapse. Moreover, the frequency and intensity of extreme events that can cause mass mortality, such as marine heatwaves, are increasing. Here, we show that increasing frequency and intensity of mass mortality events may lead to population collapse. Since the drivers of mass mortality events are diverse, and often linked to climate change, it is challenging to predict the frequency and severity of future mass mortality events. As an alternative, we quantify the probability of population collapse depending on the frequency and intensity as well as the duration of mass mortality events. Based on 39 fish species, we show that the probability of collapse typically increases with increasing frequency, intensity, and duration of the mortality events. In addition, we show that the collapse depends on key traits such as natural mortality, recruitment variation, and density dependence. The presented framework provides quantitative estimates of the sensitivity of fish species to these increasingly common extreme events, which paves the way for potential mitigation actions to alleviate adverse impacts on harvested fish populations across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joël M Durant
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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18
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Telesh I, Schubert H, Skarlato S. Wide ecological niches ensure frequent harmful dinoflagellate blooms. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26495. [PMID: 38404903 PMCID: PMC10884921 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) and their consequences cause multiple devastating effects in various freshwater, brackish and marine ecosystems. However, HAB species at moderate population densities have positive ecological roles as primary producers of organic matter and food for zooplankton and fish. They also enhance benthic-pelagic coupling and participate in the biogeochemical cycles. The consequences of HABs are transported across the conventional environmental boundaries by numerous cascade effects in the food webs and beyond. Meanwhile, forecasts of bloom events are still limited, largely because of scarcity of reliable information on ecological niches of the bloom-forming algae. To fill up this knowledge gap, this study focused on dinoflagellates, a diverse group of mostly photosynthesizing protists (unicellular eukaryotes) capable of mixotrophy, since they play a key role in primary production and formation of blooms in marine and brackish waters worldwide. In this study, ecological niches of 17 abundant bloom-forming dinoflagellate species from coastal regions of the southern Baltic Sea were identified for the first time. It was hypothesized that wider ecological niches ensure more frequent dinoflagellate blooms compared to the species with narrower niches. This hypothesis was verified using the long-term (44 years) database on phytoplankton abundance and physical-chemical characteristics of the environment. It were analyzed 4534 datasets collected from 1972 to 2016. Fourteen abiotic parameters (water temperature, salinity, Secchi depth, pH, Chl a, and concentration of basic nutrients) were considered as ecological niche dimensions. The Principal Component Analysis presented the dissolved inorganic nitrogen, total nitrogen, Chl a, and temperature as principal niche dimensions of dinoflagellates. The algal bloom criteria were refined. It was for the first time proved statistically that HAB frequency of dinoflagellate species robustly correlated with the width of their ecological niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Telesh
- Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Hendrik Schubert
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock 18059, Germany
| | - Sergei Skarlato
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
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Zhang W, Ye Z, Qu P, Li D, Gao H, Liang Y, He Z, Tong M. Using solid phase adsorption toxin tracking and extended local similarity analysis to monitor lipophilic shellfish toxins in a mussel culture ranch in the Yangtze River Estuary. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 199:116027. [PMID: 38217914 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) and their associated phycotoxins are increasing globally, posing great threats to local coastal ecosystems and human health. Nutrients have been carried by the freshwater Yangtze River and have entered the estuary, which was reported to be a biodiversity-rich but HAB-frequent region. Here, in situ solid phase adsorption toxin tracking (SPATT) was used to monitor lipophilic shellfish toxins (LSTs) in seawaters, and extended local similarity analysis (eLSA) was conducted to trace the temporal and special regions of those LSTs in a one-year trail in a mussel culture ranch in the Yangtze River Estuary. Nine analogs of LSTs, including okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1), yessotoxin (YTX), homoyessotoxin (homoYTX), 45-OH-homoYTX, pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2), 7-epi-PTX2 seco acid (7-epi-PTX2sa), gymnodimine (GYM) and azaspiracids-3 (AZA3), were detected in seawater (SPATT) or rope farmed mussels. The concentrations of OA + DTX1 and homoYTX in mussels were positively correlated with those in SPATT samplers (Pearson test, p < 0.05), indicating that SPATT (with resin HP20) would be a good monitoring tool and potential indicator for OA + DTX1 and homoYTX in mussel Mytilus coruscus. The eLSA results indicated that late summer and early autumn were the most phycotoxin-contaminated seasons in the Yangtze River Estuary. OA + DTX1, homoYTX, PTX2 and GYM were most likely driven by the local growing HAB species in spring and summer, while Yangtze River diluted water may impact the accumulation of HAB species, causing potential phycotoxin contamination in the Yangtze River Estuary in autumn and winter. Together, the results showed that the mussel harvesting season, late summer and early autumn, would be the season with the greatest phycotoxin risk and would be the most contaminated by local growing toxic algae. Routine monitoring sites should be set up close to the local seawaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Zhang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Zi Ye
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Peipei Qu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China; Dalian Phycotoxins Key Laboratory, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecological Environment, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Han Gao
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Yubo Liang
- Dalian Phycotoxins Key Laboratory, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecological Environment, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhiguo He
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Mengmeng Tong
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China.
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20
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Alvarez S, Brown CE, Garcia Diaz M, O'Leary H, Solís D. Non-linear impacts of harmful algae blooms on the coastal tourism economy. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119811. [PMID: 38157578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Harmful algae blooms (HABs) occur in water bodies throughout the globe and can have multi-faceted impacts on tourism. However, little is known of the magnitude of economic losses to the tourism sector as a result of HABs. There is limited understanding of the empirical relationships between HAB intensity and duration, and the effects of this phenomenon on the tourism sector. This study is based in the state of Florida, USA, a notable sun, sand, and sea destination in the western hemisphere, where blooms of a marine harmful algae are a recurrent threat to coastal tourism. The empirical framework is based on a month and county-level panel database that combines sales by tourism-related businesses with observations from the official HAB surveillance system of the state of Florida. We use time and space fixed-effects regressions to estimate the loss in tourism revenue associated with one additional day of red tide. Results indicate that impacts of HABs on tourism do not follow a linear pattern with increasing HAB concentrations, but rather appear to follow an inverted-U pattern. In other words, higher concentrations of the HAB organism do not necessarily imply higher economic losses, suggesting that the impacts of HABs on tourism are not driven solely by the biophysical element of cell density. Rather, these impacts appear to be mediated and amplified by human dimensions. The loss to tourism-related businesses due to the 2018 Florida red tide bloom was estimated to be $2.7 billion USD, which implies that HABs and their impact on tourism can be considered as a potential 'billion-dollar' disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Alvarez
- University of Central Florida, Rosen College of Hospitality Management, USA.
| | - Christina E Brown
- United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, USA
| | - Marc Garcia Diaz
- University of Central Florida, Rosen College of Hospitality Management, USA
| | - Heather O'Leary
- University of South Florida, Department of Anthropology, USA
| | - Daniel Solís
- Florida A&M University, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, USA
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21
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Wu SW, Cheng CQ, Huang YT, Tan JZ, Li SL, Yang JX, Huang XL, Huang D, Zou LG, Yang WD, Li HY, Li DW. A study on the mechanism of the impact of phenthoate exposure on Prorocentrum lima. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132624. [PMID: 37801972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Extensive application of organophosphorus pesticides such as phenthoate results in its abundance in ecosystems, particularly in waterbodies, thereby providing the impetus to assess its role in aquatic organisms. However, the impact of phenthoate on marine algal physiological and proteomic response is yet to be explored despite its biological significance. In this study, we thus ought to investigate the impact of phenthoate in the marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima, which is known for synthesizing okadaic acid (OA), the toxin responsible for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). Our results showed that P. lima effectively absorbed phenthoate in seawater, with a reduction efficiency of 90.31% after 48 h. Surprisingly, the provision of phenthoate (100 and 1000 µg/L) substantially reduced the OA content of P. lima by 35.08% and 60.28% after 48 h, respectively. Meanwhile, phenthoate treatment significantly reduced the oxidative stress in P. lima. Proteomic analysis revealed that the expression level of seven crucial proteins involved in endocytosis was upregulated, suggesting that P. lima could absorb phenthoate via the endocytic signaling pathway. Importantly, phenthoate treatment resulted in the downregulation of proteins such as polyketide synthase (PKS)- 2, Cytochrome P450 (CYP450)- 1, and CYP450-2, involved in OA synthesis, thereby decreasing the OA biosynthesis by P. lima. Our results demonstrated the potential role of P. lima in the removal of phenthoate in water and exemplified the crucial proteins and their possible molecular mechanisms underpinning the phenthoate remediation by P. lima and also the regulatory role of phenthoate in restricting the OA metabolism. Collectively, these findings uncovered the synergistic mechanisms of phenthoate and P. lima in remediating phenthoate and reducing the toxic impact of P. lima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Cai-Qin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yi-Tong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jin-Zhou Tan
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Song-Liang Li
- The First People's Hospital of Qinzhou, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China
| | - Jia-Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xue-Ling Huang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Li-Gong Zou
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wei-Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hong-Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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22
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Latz MAC, Andersson A, Brugel S, Hedblom M, Jurdzinski KT, Karlson B, Lindh M, Lycken J, Torstensson A, Andersson AF. A comprehensive dataset on spatiotemporal variation of microbial plankton communities in the Baltic Sea. Sci Data 2024; 11:18. [PMID: 38168085 PMCID: PMC10761891 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02825-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The Baltic Sea is one of the largest brackish water environments on earth and is characterised by pronounced physicochemical gradients and seasonal dynamics. Although the Baltic Sea has a long history of microscopy-based plankton monitoring, DNA-based metabarcoding has so far mainly been limited to individual transect cruises or time-series of single stations. Here we report a dataset covering spatiotemporal variation in prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial communities and physicochemical parameters. Within 13-months between January 2019 and February 2020, 341 water samples were collected at 22 stations during monthly cruises along the salinity gradient. Both salinity and seasonality are strongly reflected in the data. Since the dataset was generated with both metabarcoding and microscopy-based methods, it provides unique opportunities for both technical and ecological analyses, and is a valuable biodiversity reference for future studies, in the prospect of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike A C Latz
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Gene Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden.
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Agneta Andersson
- Umeå University, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Marine Sciences Centre, Umeå University, SE-905 71, Hörnefors, Sweden
| | - Sonia Brugel
- Umeå University, Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Marine Sciences Centre, Umeå University, SE-905 71, Hörnefors, Sweden
| | - Mikael Hedblom
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Community Planning Services - Oceanography, Västra Frölunda, Sweden
| | - Krzysztof T Jurdzinski
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Gene Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Karlson
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Oceanographic Research, Västra Frölunda, Sweden
| | - Markus Lindh
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Community Planning Services - Oceanography, Västra Frölunda, Sweden
| | - Jenny Lycken
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Community Planning Services - Oceanography, Västra Frölunda, Sweden
| | - Anders Torstensson
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Community Planning Services - Oceanography, Västra Frölunda, Sweden
| | - Anders F Andersson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Gene Technology, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden.
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23
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Accoroni S, Cangini M, Angeletti R, Losasso C, Bacchiocchi S, Costa A, Taranto AD, Escalera L, Fedrizzi G, Garzia A, Longo F, Macaluso A, Melchiorre N, Milandri A, Milandri S, Montresor M, Neri F, Piersanti A, Rubini S, Suraci C, Susini F, Vadrucci MR, Mudadu AG, Vivaldi B, Soro B, Totti C, Zingone A. Marine phycotoxin levels in shellfish-14 years of data gathered along the Italian coast. HARMFUL ALGAE 2024; 131:102560. [PMID: 38212084 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Along the Italian coasts, toxins of algal origin in wild and cultivated shellfish have been reported since the 1970s. In this study, we used data gathered by the Veterinary Public Health Institutes (IZS) and the Italian Environmental Health Protection Agencies (ARPA) from 2006 to 2019 to investigate toxicity events along the Italian coasts and relate them to the distribution of potentially toxic species. Among the detected toxins (OA and analogs, YTXs, PTXs, STXs, DAs, AZAs), OA and YTX were those most frequently reported. Levels exceeding regulatory limits in the case of OA (≤2,448 μg equivalent kg-1) were associated with high abundances of Dinophysis spp., and in the case of YTXs (≤22 mg equivalent kg-1) with blooms of Gonyaulax spinifera, Lingulodinium polyedra, and Protoceratium reticulatum. Seasonal blooms of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. occur all along the Italian coast, but DA has only occasionally been detected in shellfish at concentrations always below the regulatory limit (≤18 mg kg-1). Alexandrium spp. were recorded in several areas, although STXs (≤13,782 µg equivalent kg-1) rarely and only in few sites exceeded the regulatory limit in shellfish. Azadinium spp. have been sporadically recorded, and AZAs have been sometimes detected but always in low concentrations (≤7 µg equivalent kg-1). Among the emerging toxins, PLTX-like toxins (≤971 μg kg-1 OVTX-a) have often been detected mainly in wild mussels and sea urchins from rocky shores due to the presence of Ostreopsis cf. ovata. Overall, Italian coastal waters harbour a high number of potentially toxic species, with a few HAB hotspots mainly related to DSP toxins. Nevertheless, rare cases of intoxications have occurred so far, reflecting the whole Mediterranean Sea conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Cangini
- National Reference Laboratory for Marine Biotoxins, CRM, Cesenatico, FC, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Angela Garzia
- DiSVA, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Anna Milandri
- National Reference Laboratory for Marine Biotoxins, CRM, Cesenatico, FC, Italy
| | - Stefania Milandri
- National Reference Laboratory for Marine Biotoxins, CRM, Cesenatico, FC, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Neri
- DiSVA, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Silva Rubini
- IZS della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cecilia Totti
- DiSVA, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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24
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Mueller JS, Grammel PJ, Bill N, Rohde S, Schupp PJ. Mass mortality event of the giant barrel sponge Xestospongia sp.: population dynamics and size distribution in Koh Phangan, Gulf of Thailand. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16561. [PMID: 38107566 PMCID: PMC10722979 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine sponges are prominent organisms of the benthic coral reef fauna, providing important ecosystem services. While there have been increasing reports that sponges are becoming one of the dominant benthic organisms in some locations and ecoregions (e.g. Caribbean), they can be impacted by changing environmental conditions. This study presents the first documentation of a mass mortality event of the barrel sponge Xestospongia sp. in the lower Gulf of Thailand and its consequences on population dynamics and size distribution. Two anthropogenic impacted reefs (Haad Khom and Mae Haad) of the island Koh Phangan and two anthropogenic non-impacted reefs of the islands Koh Yippon and Hin Yippon within the Mu Ko Ang Thong Marine National Park were surveyed in the years 2015 and 2016. The results showed a strong shift in population densities at Koh Phangan. Fatal "bleaching" ending up in mass mortality was observed for these reefs in 2015. Xestospongia sp. abundance decreased from 2015 to 2016 by 80.6% at Haad Khom and by 98.4% at Mae Haad. Sponges of all sizes were affected, and mortality occurred regardless of the survey depth (4 and 6 m). However, Xestospongia population densities in the Marine Park were at a constant level during the surveys. The abundances in 2015 were 65% higher at the Marine Park than at Koh Phangan and 92% higher in 2016. The most likely causes of the mass mortality event was a local harmful algal bloom event, pathogens, undetected local higher water temperatures, or a combination of these factors, whereas sea surface temperature analyses showed no marine heatwave during the observed mass mortality event in 2015. Considering the ecological importance of sponges such as Xestospongia sp., long-term monitoring of reefs and their environmental parameters should be implemented to prevent such mass die-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin S. Mueller
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- Center for Oceanic Research and Education (CORE sea), Chaloklum, Koh Phangan, Surat Thani, Thailand
| | - Paul-Jannis Grammel
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- Center for Oceanic Research and Education (CORE sea), Chaloklum, Koh Phangan, Surat Thani, Thailand
| | - Nicolas Bill
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Sven Rohde
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Peter J. Schupp
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity (HIFMB), Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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25
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Elgendy MY, Ali SE, Abbas WT, Algammal AM, Abdelsalam M. The role of marine pollution on the emergence of fish bacterial diseases. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140366. [PMID: 37806325 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Marine pollution and bacterial disease outbreaks are two closely related dilemmas that impact marine fish production from fisheries and mariculture. Oil, heavy metals, agrochemicals, sewage, medical wastes, plastics, algal blooms, atmospheric pollutants, mariculture-related pollutants, as well as thermal and noise pollution are the most threatening marine pollutants. The release of these pollutants into the marine aquatic environment leads to significant ecological degradation and a range of non-infectious disorders in fish. Marine pollutants trigger numerous fish bacterial diseases by increasing microbial multiplication in the aquatic environment and suppressing fish immune defense mechanisms. The greater part of these microorganisms is naturally occurring in the aquatic environment. Most disease outbreaks are caused by opportunistic bacterial agents that attack stressed fish. Some infections are more serious and occur in the absence of environmental stressors. Gram-negative bacteria are the most frequent causes of these epizootics, while gram-positive bacterial agents rank second on the critical pathogens list. Vibrio spp., Photobacterium damselae subsp. Piscicida, Tenacibaculum maritimum, Edwardsiella spp., Streptococcus spp., Renibacterium salmoninarum, Pseudomonas spp., Aeromonas spp., and Mycobacterium spp. Are the most dangerous pathogens that attack fish in polluted marine aquatic environments. Effective management strategies and stringent regulations are required to prevent or mitigate the impacts of marine pollutants on aquatic animal health. This review will increase stakeholder awareness about marine pollutants and their impacts on aquatic animal health. It will support competent authorities in developing effective management strategies to mitigate marine pollution, promote the sustainability of commercial marine fisheries, and protect aquatic animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamdouh Y Elgendy
- Department of Hydrobiology, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa E Ali
- Department of Hydrobiology, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt; WorldFish, Abbassa, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Wafaa T Abbas
- Department of Hydrobiology, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Abdelazeem M Algammal
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelsalam
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
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26
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Lunghi M, Arnich N, Lehuédé F, Dubuisson C, Thebault A. Consumption of Bivalve Shellfish in French Coastal Populations: Data for Acute and Chronic Exposure Assessment. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100180. [PMID: 37839552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Shellfish are a source of nutrients but are also a matter of concern in terms of food safety due to natural contaminants such as phycotoxins or anthropogenic contaminants including microbial agents and heavy metals. However, data related to consumption for each mollusk species are scarce and missing for appropriate exposure calculation. The objective of the study was to generate shellfish consumption data in the adult coastal population in France to assess exposure to health risks, the effects of determinants on the frequency of consumption and usual intake, and shellfish food risk perception. Our study, named the CONSOMER study, was carried out using an online survey in 2016 and 2017 and included a food frequency questionnaire. After validation, 2,479 individual questionnaires were available for statistical analysis. Our findings provide estimates of shellfish consumption frequency, portion sizes, weekly intake in g/week, and g/week/body weight that can be used for acute and chronic exposure calculations. For the acute risk, the 97.5th percentile of the portion size was found to be around 290 g for the adult coastal population. For chronic exposure, recreational shellfish harvesting activities were associated with higher weekly intakes. A non-negligible part of this subpopulation is not aware of food safety recommendations concerning harvesting areas. Results for shellfish harvester consumption in particular are consistent with other available data. Exposure calculations and safety recommendations should target shellfish harvesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Lunghi
- Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nathalie Arnich
- Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Franck Lehuédé
- Centre de Recherche pour l'Étude et l'Observation des Conditions de Vie (CREDOC), 142 rue du Chevaleret, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Carine Dubuisson
- Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Anne Thebault
- Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France.
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27
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Dougan KE, Deng ZL, Wöhlbrand L, Reuse C, Bunk B, Chen Y, Hartlich J, Hiller K, John U, Kalvelage J, Mansky J, Neumann-Schaal M, Overmann J, Petersen J, Sanchez-Garcia S, Schmidt-Hohagen K, Shah S, Spröer C, Sztajer H, Wang H, Bhattacharya D, Rabus R, Jahn D, Chan CX, Wagner-Döbler I. Multi-omics analysis reveals the molecular response to heat stress in a "red tide" dinoflagellate. Genome Biol 2023; 24:265. [PMID: 37996937 PMCID: PMC10666404 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND "Red tides" are harmful algal blooms caused by dinoflagellate microalgae that accumulate toxins lethal to other organisms, including humans via consumption of contaminated seafood. These algal blooms are driven by a combination of environmental factors including nutrient enrichment, particularly in warm waters, and are increasingly frequent. The molecular, regulatory, and evolutionary mechanisms that underlie the heat stress response in these harmful bloom-forming algal species remain little understood, due in part to the limited genomic resources from dinoflagellates, complicated by the large sizes of genomes, exhibiting features atypical of eukaryotes. RESULTS We present the de novo assembled genome (~ 4.75 Gbp with 85,849 protein-coding genes), transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome from Prorocentrum cordatum, a globally abundant, bloom-forming dinoflagellate. Using axenic algal cultures, we study the molecular mechanisms that underpin the algal response to heat stress, which is relevant to current ocean warming trends. We present the first evidence of a complementary interplay between RNA editing and exon usage that regulates the expression and functional diversity of biomolecules, reflected by reduction in photosynthesis, central metabolism, and protein synthesis. These results reveal genomic signatures and post-transcriptional regulation for the first time in a pelagic dinoflagellate. CONCLUSIONS Our multi-omics analyses uncover the molecular response to heat stress in an important bloom-forming algal species, which is driven by complex gene structures in a large, high-G+C genome, combined with multi-level transcriptional regulation. The dynamics and interplay of molecular regulatory mechanisms may explain in part how dinoflagellates diversified to become some of the most ecologically successful organisms on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Dougan
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhi-Luo Deng
- Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, Braunschweig, 38124, Germany
| | - Lars Wöhlbrand
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Reuse
- Braunschweig Center for Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Boyke Bunk
- German Culture Collection for Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ), Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Yibi Chen
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Juliane Hartlich
- Braunschweig Center for Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Braunschweig Center for Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Uwe John
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jana Kalvelage
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Mansky
- Braunschweig Center for Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Meina Neumann-Schaal
- German Culture Collection for Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ), Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jörg Overmann
- German Culture Collection for Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ), Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jörn Petersen
- German Culture Collection for Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ), Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Selene Sanchez-Garcia
- Braunschweig Center for Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schmidt-Hohagen
- Braunschweig Center for Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Sarah Shah
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Cathrin Spröer
- German Culture Collection for Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ), Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Helena Sztajer
- Braunschweig Center for Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Hui Wang
- Braunschweig Center for Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Debashish Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Ralf Rabus
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Jahn
- Braunschweig Center for Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Cheong Xin Chan
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Irene Wagner-Döbler
- Braunschweig Center for Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106, Brunswick, Germany.
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Oh JW, Pushparaj SSC, Muthu M, Gopal J. Review of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) Causing Marine Fish Kills: Toxicity and Mitigation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3936. [PMID: 38068573 PMCID: PMC10871120 DOI: 10.3390/plants12233936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Extensive growth of microscopic algae and cyanobacteria results in harmful algal blooms (HABs) in marine, brackish, and freshwater environments. HABs can harm humans and animals through their toxicity or by producing ecological conditions such as oxygen depletion, which can kill fish and other economically or ecologically important organisms. This review summarizes the reports on various HABs that are able to bring about marine fish kills. The predominant HABs, their toxins, and their effects on fishes spread across various parts of the globe are discussed. The mechanism of HAB-driven fish kills is discussed based on the available reports, and existing mitigation methods are presented. Lapses in the large-scale implementation of mitigation methods demonstrated under laboratory conditions are projected. Clay-related technologies and nano-sorption-based nanotechnologies, although proven to make significant contributions, have not been put to use in real-world conditions. The gaps in the technology transfer of the accomplished mitigation prototypes are highlighted. Further uses of remote sensing and machine learning state-of-the-art techniques for the detection and identification of HABs are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea;
| | - Suraj Shiv Charan Pushparaj
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Manikandan Muthu
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Judy Gopal
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India;
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Cembella A, Klemm K, John U, Karlson B, Arneborg L, Clarke D, Yamanaka T, Cusack C, Naustvoll L, Bresnan E, Šupraha L, Lundholm N. Emerging phylogeographic perspective on the toxigenic diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia in coastal northern European waters and gateways to eastern Arctic seas: Causes, ecological consequences and socio-economic impacts. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 129:102496. [PMID: 37951606 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The diatom Pseudo-nitzschia H. Peragallo is perhaps the most intensively researched genus of marine pennate diatoms, with respect to species diversity, life history strategies, toxigenicity, and biogeographical distribution. The global magnitude and consequences of harmful algal blooms (HABs) of Pseudo-nitzschia are particularly significant because of the high socioeconomic impacts and environmental and human health risks associated with the production of the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA) among populations of many (although not all) species. This has led to enhanced monitoring and mitigation strategies for toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia blooms and their toxins in recent years. Nevertheless, human adaptive actions based on future scenarios of bloom dynamics and proposed shifts in biogeographical distribution under climate-change regimes have not been implemented on a regional scale. In the CoCliME (Co-development of climate services for adaptation to changing marine ecosystems) program these issues were addressed with respect to past, current and anticipated future status of key HAB genera such as Pseudo-nitzschia and expected benefits of enhanced monitoring. Data on the distribution and frequency of Pseudo-nitzschia blooms in relation to DA occurrence and associated amnesic shellfish toxin (AST) events were evaluated in a contemporary and historical context over the past several decades from key northern CoCliME Case Study areas. The regional studies comprised the greater North Sea and adjacent Kattegat-Skagerrak and Norwegian Sea, eastern North Atlantic marginal seas and Arctic gateways, and the Baltic Sea. The first evidence of possible biogeographical expansion of Pseudo-nitzschia taxa into frontier eastern Arctic gateways was provided from DNA barcoding signatures. Key climate change indicators, such as salinity, temperature, and water-column stratification were identified as drivers of upwelling and advection related to the distribution of regional Pseudo-nitzschia blooms. The possible influence of changing variables on bloom dynamics, magnitude, frequency and spatial and temporal distribution were interpreted in the context of regional ocean climate models. These climate change indicators may play key roles in selecting for the occurrence and diversity of Pseudo-nitzschia species within the broader microeukaryote communities. Shifts to higher temperature and lower salinity regimes predicted for the southern North Sea indicate the potential for high-magnitude Pseudo-nitzschia blooms, currently absent from this area. Ecological and socioeconomic impacts of Pseudo-nitzschia blooms are evaluated with reference to effects on fisheries and mariculture resources and coastal ecosystem function. Where feasible, effective adaptation strategies are proposed herein as emerging climate services for the northern CoCLiME region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Cembella
- Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Alfred Wegener Institute, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany; Departamento de Biotecnología Marina, Centro de Investigación Científica y Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carr. Tijuana-Ensenada 3918, Zona Playitas, Ensenada, Baja California 22860, Mexico
| | - Kerstin Klemm
- Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Alfred Wegener Institute, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Uwe John
- Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Alfred Wegener Institute, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, Oldenburg 26129, Germany.
| | - Bengt Karlson
- Research and Development, Oceanography, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Sven Källfelts gata 15, Västra SE-426 71, Frölunda, Sweden
| | - Lars Arneborg
- Research and Development, Oceanography, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Sven Källfelts gata 15, Västra SE-426 71, Frölunda, Sweden
| | - Dave Clarke
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway H91 R673, Ireland
| | - Tsuyuko Yamanaka
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway H91 R673, Ireland
| | - Caroline Cusack
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway H91 R673, Ireland
| | - Lars Naustvoll
- Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870 Nordnes, Bergen NO-5817, Norway
| | - Eileen Bresnan
- Marine Directorate of the Scottish Government, Science, Evidence, Digital and Data, 375 Victoria Rd, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, UK
| | - Luka Šupraha
- Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Nina Lundholm
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Copenhagen K 1353, Denmark
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Bharathi MD, Muthukumar C, Sathishkumar RS, Ramu K, Murthy MVR. First report on the occurrence of Gonyaulax polygramma bloom during the onset of Noctiluca scintillans bloom along the Tuticorin coast, southeast coast of India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 195:115523. [PMID: 37716131 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Dense and green-coloured patches were encountered on the sea surface waters of the Tuticorin coast on 22nd October 2022. Microscopic investigation revealed that the discoloration is caused by plankton, green Noctiluca scintillans. In order to find out the causes that trigger the bloom of N. scintillans, plankton samples were collected for 5 days in fourteen days duration from 22nd October to 4th November. During the peak bloom period, the abundance and biovolume of N. scintillans reached 1.56 × 104 cells/L and 21.8 × 1010μm3/L, respectively. The highest concentration (73.65 mg/m3) of chlorophyll-a was recorded during blooming period that was caused by Gonyaulax polygramma and endosymbiont, Pedinomonas noctilucae in N. scintillans. Formation of G. polygramma bloom is being reported for the first time in Tuticorin, southeast coast of India, with a species abundance of 36.9 × 104 cells/L. Present study concluded that besides the optimum hydrological conditions and eutrophic nature of the system, abundant prey (G. polygramma) facilitated the N. scintillans bloom.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Bharathi
- National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR), Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), II Floor NIOT Campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, 600100.
| | - C Muthukumar
- National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR), Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), II Floor NIOT Campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, 600100
| | - R S Sathishkumar
- National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR), Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), II Floor NIOT Campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, 600100
| | - K Ramu
- National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR), Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), II Floor NIOT Campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, 600100
| | - M V Ramana Murthy
- National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR), Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), II Floor NIOT Campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, 600100
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McQuillan JS, Alrefaey A, Turner AD, Morrell N, Stoner O, Brown R, Kay S, Cooke S, Bage T. Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction for the estimation of toxigenic microalgae abundance in shellfish production waters. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 128:102497. [PMID: 37714581 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Certain species of marine microalgae produce potent biotoxins that pose a risk to human health if contaminated seafood is consumed, particularly filter feeding bivalve shellfish. In regions where this is likely to occur water and seafood produce are regularly monitored for the presence of harmful algal cells and their associated toxins, but the current approach is flawed by a lengthy delay before results are available to local authorities. Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) can be used to measure phytoplankton DNA sequences in a shorter timeframe, however it is not currently used in official testing practices. In this study, samples were collected almost weekly over six months from three sites within a known HAB hotspot, St Austell Bay in Cornwall, England. The abundance of algal cells in water was measured using microscopy and qPCR, and lipophilic toxins were quantified in mussel flesh using LC-MS/MS, focusing on the okadaic acid group. An increase in algal cell abundance occurred alongside an increase in the concentration of okadaic acid group toxins in mussel tissue at all three study sites, during September and October 2021. This event corresponded to an increase in the measured levels of Dinophysis accuminata DNA, measured using qPCR. In the following spring, the qPCR detected an increase in D. accuminata DNA levels in water samples, which was not detected by microscopy. Harmful algal species belonging to Alexandrium spp. and Pseudo-nitzschia spp. were also measured using qPCR, finding a similar increase in abundance in Autumn and Spring. The results are discussed with consideration of the potential merits and limitations of the qPCR technique versus conventional microscopy analysis, and its potential future role in phytoplankton surveillance under the Official Controls Regulations pertaining to shellfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S McQuillan
- Ocean Technology and Engineering, National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom.
| | - Ahmed Alrefaey
- Ocean Technology and Engineering, National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Turner
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Nadine Morrell
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Stoner
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Ross Brown
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Kay
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Cooke
- Cornwall Port Health Authority (Cornwall Council), The Docks, Falmouth, TR11 4NR, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Bage
- Cornwall Port Health Authority (Cornwall Council), The Docks, Falmouth, TR11 4NR, United Kingdom
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Thawabteh AM, Naseef HA, Karaman D, Bufo SA, Scrano L, Karaman R. Understanding the Risks of Diffusion of Cyanobacteria Toxins in Rivers, Lakes, and Potable Water. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:582. [PMID: 37756009 PMCID: PMC10535532 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15090582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Blue-green algae, or cyanobacteria, may be prevalent in our rivers and tap water. These minuscule bacteria can grow swiftly and form blooms in warm, nutrient-rich water. Toxins produced by cyanobacteria can pollute rivers and streams and harm the liver and nervous system in humans. This review highlights the properties of 25 toxin types produced by 12 different cyanobacteria genera. The review also covered strategies for reducing and controlling cyanobacteria issues. These include using physical or chemical treatments, cutting back on fertilizer input, algal lawn scrubbers, and antagonistic microorganisms for biocontrol. Micro-, nano- and ultrafiltration techniques could be used for the removal of internal and extracellular cyanotoxins, in addition to powdered or granular activated carbon, ozonation, sedimentation, ultraviolet radiation, potassium permanganate, free chlorine, and pre-treatment oxidation techniques. The efficiency of treatment techniques for removing intracellular and extracellular cyanotoxins is also demonstrated. These approaches aim to lessen the risks of cyanobacterial blooms and associated toxins. Effective management of cyanobacteria in water systems depends on early detection and quick action. Cyanobacteria cells and their toxins can be detected using microscopy, molecular methods, chromatography, and spectroscopy. Understanding the causes of blooms and the many ways for their detection and elimination will help the management of this crucial environmental issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mahmood Thawabteh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, Ramallah 00972, Palestine; (A.M.T.); (H.A.N.)
- General Safety Section, General Services Department, Birzeit University, Bir Zeit 71939, Palestine
| | - Hani A Naseef
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, Ramallah 00972, Palestine; (A.M.T.); (H.A.N.)
| | - Donia Karaman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem 20002, Palestine;
| | - Sabino A. Bufo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa
| | - Laura Scrano
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures, University of Basilicata, Via Lanera 20, 75100 Matera, Italy;
| | - Rafik Karaman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem 20002, Palestine;
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
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33
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Whyte C, Swan SC, Turner AD, Hatfield RG, Mitchell E, Lafferty S, Morrell N, Rowland-Pilgrim S, Davidson K. The Presence of Pseudo-nitzschia australis in North Atlantic Aquaculture Sites, Implications for Monitoring Amnesic Shellfish Toxins. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:554. [PMID: 37755980 PMCID: PMC10536095 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15090554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The farming of shellfish plays an important role in providing sustainable economic growth in coastal, rural communities in Scotland and acts as an anchor industry, supporting a range of ancillary jobs in the processing, distribution and exporting industries. The Scottish Government is encouraging shellfish farmers to double their economic contribution by 2030. These farmers face numerous challenges to reach this goal, among which is the problem caused by toxin-producing microplankton that can contaminate their shellfish, leading to harvesting site closure and the recall of product. Food Standards Scotland, a non-ministerial department of the Scottish Government, carries out a monitoring programme for both the toxin-producing microplankton and the toxins in shellfish flesh, with farms being closed when official thresholds for any toxin are breached. The farm remains closed until testing for the problematic toxin alone, often diarrhetic shellfish toxin (DST), shows the site to have dropped below the regulatory threshold. While this programme has proved to be robust, questions remain regarding the other toxins that may be present at a closed site. In this study, we tested archival material collected during site closures but only tested for DSTs as part of the official control monitoring. We found the presence of amnesic shellfish toxin (AST) in low concentrations in the majority of sites tested. In one case, the level of AST breached the official threshold. This finding has implications for AST monitoring programmes around Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum Whyte
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, UK
| | - Sarah C. Swan
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, UK
| | - Andrew D. Turner
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK (S.R.-P.)
| | - Robert G. Hatfield
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK (S.R.-P.)
| | - Elaine Mitchell
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, UK
| | - Shannon Lafferty
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, UK
| | - Nadine Morrell
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK (S.R.-P.)
| | - Stepahanie Rowland-Pilgrim
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK (S.R.-P.)
| | - Keith Davidson
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, UK
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Durán-Vinet B, Araya-Castro K, Zaiko A, Pochon X, Wood SA, Stanton JAL, Jeunen GJ, Scriver M, Kardailsky A, Chao TC, Ban DK, Moarefian M, Aran K, Gemmell NJ. CRISPR-Cas-Based Biomonitoring for Marine Environments: Toward CRISPR RNA Design Optimization Via Deep Learning. CRISPR J 2023; 6:316-324. [PMID: 37439822 PMCID: PMC10494903 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2023.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost all of Earth's oceans are now impacted by multiple anthropogenic stressors, including the spread of nonindigenous species, harmful algal blooms, and pathogens. Early detection is critical to manage these stressors effectively and to protect marine systems and the ecosystem services they provide. Molecular tools have emerged as a promising solution for marine biomonitoring. One of the latest advancements involves utilizing CRISPR-Cas technology to build programmable, rapid, ultrasensitive, and specific diagnostics. CRISPR-based diagnostics (CRISPR-Dx) has the potential to allow robust, reliable, and cost-effective biomonitoring in near real time. However, several challenges must be overcome before CRISPR-Dx can be established as a mainstream tool for marine biomonitoring. A critical unmet challenge is the need to design, optimize, and experimentally validate CRISPR-Dx assays. Artificial intelligence has recently been presented as a potential approach to tackle this challenge. This perspective synthesizes recent advances in CRISPR-Dx and machine learning modeling approaches, showcasing CRISPR-Dx potential to progress as a rising molecular tool candidate for marine biomonitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamín Durán-Vinet
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Karla Araya-Castro
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Anastasija Zaiko
- Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand; Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Sequench Ltd, Nelson, New Zealand; Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Xavier Pochon
- Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand; Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Susanna A. Wood
- Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand; Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jo-Ann L. Stanton
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Gert-Jan Jeunen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Michelle Scriver
- Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand; Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Anya Kardailsky
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Tzu-Chiao Chao
- Institute of Environmental Change and Society, Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Canada; Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Deependra K. Ban
- Keck Graduate Institute, The Claremont Colleges, Claremont, California, USA; Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Maryam Moarefian
- Keck Graduate Institute, The Claremont Colleges, Claremont, California, USA; Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Kiana Aran
- Keck Graduate Institute, The Claremont Colleges, Claremont, California, USA; Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Cardea Bio Inc., San Diego, California, USA; and Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Neil J. Gemmell
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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35
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Prego R, Carballeira R, Pazos Y, Bao R. Oceanographical Context of the First Bloom of the Silicoflagellate Octactis speculum (Ehrenberg) Recorded to Cause Salmon Mortality in a Galician Ria: Was This Bloom a Rare Event in the Iberian Coast? Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:435. [PMID: 37505704 PMCID: PMC10467100 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms are one of the leading causes of mortality in salmon aquaculture, with significant economic consequences. From 15 to 31 October 1996, a bloom of the skeletonized form of Octactis speculum (Ehrenberg) F.H. Chang, J.M. Grieve & J.E. Sutherland was detected in the small Merexo inlet (1.7 km2 area), located on the southern shore of the Ria of Muxía (Galicia, NW Spain). The O. speculum population inside the inlet (data period: 1992-1996) seldom exceeded 4·103 cell·L-1. However, its concentration reached 2·105 cell·L-1 during the bloom, coinciding with a decrease in light penetration from 5 to 2 m deep, as measured using a Secchi disk. Although similar concentrations were reported during late October 1992, this was the first time that a bloom was associated with caged salmon (Salmo salar, Linnaeus 1758) mortality in the Galician coastal waters. This mortality was not associated with anoxia in the water column, but with fish gill irritations and mucus segregation due to gill clogging. Excess nitrate and silicate, the latter being essential for skeleton formation, were measured in the inlet during the bloom, with phosphate acting as the limiting nutrient (high negative correlation). Blooms of O. speculum occurred in autumn-winter, when water was retained within the inlet under meteorological conditions of southwest winds (which prompted downwelling conditions) and clear skies. A review of the oceanographic database of the Galician rias showed that massive O. speculum proliferations are also commonplace in other rias with similar environmental conditions, such as the Ria of Ares-Betanzos, and can therefore constitute a threat for the development of salmon aquaculture on this coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Prego
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Rafael Carballeira
- Cavanilles Institute for Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology (ICBiBE), University of Valencia, José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Yolanda Pazos
- Instituto Tecnolóxico para o Control do Medio Mariño de Galicia (INTECMAR), Peirao de Vilaxoán, s/n, 36611 Vilagarcía de Arousa, Spain;
| | - Roberto Bao
- Grupo de Investigación en Cambio Ambiental (GRICA), Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, Rúa As Carballeiras, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
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Silva E, Counillon F, Brajard J, Pettersson LH, Naustvoll L. Forecasting harmful algae blooms: Application to Dinophysis acuminata in northern Norway. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 126:102442. [PMID: 37290890 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dinophysis acuminata produces Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins (DST) that contaminate natural and farmed shellfish, leading to public health risks and economically impacting mussel farms. For this reason, there is a high interest in understanding and predicting D. acuminata blooms. This study assesses the environmental conditions and develops a sub-seasonal (7 - 28 days) forecast model to predict D. acuminata cells abundance in the Lyngen fjord located in northern Norway. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) model is trained to predict future D. acuminata cells abundance by using the past cell concentration, sea surface temperature (SST), Photosynthetic Active Radiation (PAR), and wind speed. Cells concentration of Dinophysis spp. are measured in-situ from 2006 to 2019, and SST, PAR, and surface wind speed are obtained by satellite remote sensing. D. acuminata only explains 40% of DST variability from 2006 to 2011, but it changes to 65% after 2011 when D. acuta prevalence reduced. The D. acuminata blooms can reach concentration up to 3954 cells l-1 and are restricted to the summer during warmer waters, varying from 7.8 to 12.7 °C. The forecast model predicts with fair accuracy the seasonal development of the blooms and the blooms amplitude, showing a coefficient of determination varying from 0.46 to 0.55. SST has been found to be a useful predictor for the seasonal development of the blooms, while the past cells abundance is needed for updating the current status and adjusting the blooms timing and amplitude. The calibrated model should be tested operationally in the future to provide an early warning of D. acuminata blooms in the Lyngen fjord. The approach can be generalized to other regions by recalibrating the model with local observations of D. acuminata blooms and remote sensing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Silva
- Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Jahnebakken 3, Bergen, N-5007, Vestland, Norway.
| | - François Counillon
- Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Jahnebakken 3, Bergen, N-5007, Vestland, Norway
| | - Julien Brajard
- Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, Jahnebakken 3, Bergen, N-5007, Vestland, Norway
| | - Lasse H Pettersson
- Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, Jahnebakken 3, Bergen, N-5007, Vestland, Norway
| | - Lars Naustvoll
- Institute of Marine Research, Nye Flødevigveien 20, Arendal, NO-4817, Agder, Norway
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Yang X, Yan Z, Li X, Li Y, Li K. Chemical cues in the interaction of herbivory-prey induce consumer-specific morphological and chemical defenses in Phaeocystis globosa. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 126:102450. [PMID: 37290885 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bloom-forming algae Phaeocystis globosa is one of the most successful blooming algae in the oceans due to its capacity to sense grazer-associated chemical cues and respond adaptively to these grazer-specific cues with opposing shifts in phenotype. P. globosa produces toxic and deterrent compounds as chemical defenses. However, the origin of the signals and underlying mechanisms that triggered the morphological and chemical defenses remain enigmatic. Rotifer was chosen to establish an herbivore-phytoplankton interaction with P. globosa. The influences of rotifer kairomone and conspecific-grazed cue on morphological and chemical defenses in P. globosa were investigated. As a result, rotifer kairomones elicited morphological defenses and broad-spectrum chemical defenses, whereas algae-grazed cues elicited morphological defenses and consumer-specific chemical defenses. According to multi-omics findings, the difference in hemolytic toxicity caused by different stimuli may be related to the upregulation of lipid metabolism pathways and increased lipid metabolite content, while the inhibition of colonial formation and development of P. globosa may be caused by the downscaled production and secretion of glycosaminoglycans. The study demonstrated that zooplankton consumption cues were recognized by intraspecific prey and elicited consumer-specific chemical defenses, highlighting the chemical ecology of herbivore-phytoplankton interactions in the marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Yan
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 266071, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yaxi Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Ke Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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You R, Wang H, Wang C, Huang J, Zhu H, Liu Y, Zhang JH, Liu J, Yu X, Lu Y. Bacterial cellulose loaded with silver nanoparticles as a flexible, stable and sensitive SERS-active substrate for detection of the shellfish toxin DTX-1. Food Chem 2023; 427:136692. [PMID: 37364315 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Diarrheal shellfish toxins are considered one of the most lethal red tide algae toxins in the worldwide. In this work, we propose an Ag NPs-loaded bacterial cellulose membrane (BCM) surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor based on an aptamer (Apt) for the ultrasensitive detection of dinophysistoxin (DTX-1), a type of diarrheal shellfish toxin. During drying, Ag NPs can be further densified on "gel-like" BCM to form high-density SERS "hot spots". We developed the "Apt-SH@Ag NPs@BCM" SERS sensor and used the competition of DTX-1 and complementary base (Cob) in the process of base complementary pairing to achieve SERS detection of DTX-1, with a minimum detection limit of 9.5 × 10-10 mol/L. Sample assays showed DTX-1 recovery rates ranging from 95.8% and 108.2% and the detection results were comparable to those obtained by LC-MS. Therefore, this work holds great potential for detecting of toxic substances in shellfish products, especially for the oyster (portuguese oyster) and mussel (blue mussel).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyun You
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Haonan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China; School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, Fujian 365004, China
| | - Chuyi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Jiali Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Huina Zhu
- Integrated Technique Services Center of Dong Shan Customs, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363401, China
| | - Yunzhen Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Jian-Han Zhang
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming, Fujian 365004, China.
| | - Jiewen Liu
- Integrated Technique Services Center of Dong Shan Customs, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363401, China
| | - Xiaowei Yu
- Integrated Technique Services Center of Dong Shan Customs, Zhangzhou, Fujian 363401, China
| | - Yudong Lu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Province Higher Education Institutes, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China.
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Sobieraj J, Metelski D. Insights into Toxic Prymnesium parvum Blooms as a Cause of the Ecological Disaster on the Odra River. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:403. [PMID: 37368703 PMCID: PMC10302719 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15060403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2022, Poland and Germany experienced a prolonged and extensive mass fish kill in the Odra River. During the period from the end of July to the beginning of September 2022, a high level of incidental disease and mortality was observed in various fish species (dozens of different species were found dead). The fish mortality affected five Polish provinces (Silesia, Opole, Lower Silesia, Lubuskie, and Western Pomerania) and involved reservoir systems covering most of the river (the Odra River is 854 km long, of which 742 km are in Poland). Fatal cases were investigated using toxicological, anatomopathological, and histopathological tests. Water samples were collected to determine nutrient status in the water column, phytoplankton biomass, and community composition. High nutrient concentrations indicated high phytoplankton productivity, with favorable conditions for golden algal blooms. The harmful toxins (prymnesins secreted by Prymnesium parvum habitats) had not been found in Poland before, but it was only a matter of time, especially in the Odra River, whose waters are permanently saline and still used for navigation. The observed fish mortality resulted in a 50% decrease in the fish population in the river and affected mainly cold-blooded species. Histopathological examinations of fish showed acute damage to the most perfused organs (gills, spleen, kidneys). The disruption to hematopoietic processes and damage to the gills were due to the action of hemolytic toxins (prymnesins). An evaluation of the collected hydrological, meteorological, biological, and physico-chemical data on the observed spatio-temporal course of the catastrophe, as well as the detection of three compounds from the group of B-type prymnesins in the analyzed material (the presence of prymnesins was confirmed using an analysis of the fragmentation spectrum and the accurate tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) measurement, in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), allowed the formulation and subsequent testing of the hypothesis for a direct link between the observed fish mortality and the presence of prymnesins in the Odra River. This article systematizes what is known about the causes of the fish kill in the Odra River in 2022, based on official government reports (one Polish and one German) and the EU technical report by the Joint Research Centre. A review and critical analysis of government findings (Polish and German) on this disaster were conducted in the context of what is known to date about similar cases of mass fish kills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Sobieraj
- Department of Building Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dominik Metelski
- Research Group SEJ-609 “AMIKO”, Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences, Campus de Cartuja s/n, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Moreno-Andrés J, Romero-Martínez L, Seoane S, Acevedo-Merino A, Moreno-Garrido I, Nebot E. Evaluation of algaecide effectiveness of five different oxidants applied on harmful phytoplankton. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131279. [PMID: 36989795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) in coastal areas similarly impact both ecosystems and human health. The translocation of phytoplankton species via maritime transport can potentially promote the growth of HABs in coastal systems. Accordingly, ballast water must be disinfected. The main goal of this study is to assess the effectiveness of different emerging biocides, including H2O2, peracetic acid (PAA), peroxymonosulfate (PMS), and peroxydisulfate (PDS). The effectiveness of these biocides is compared with that of conventional chlorination methods. Their effects on two ichthyotoxic microalgae with worldwide distribution, i.e., Prymnesium parvum and Heterosigma akashiwo, are examined. To ensure the prolonged effectiveness of the different reagents, their concentration-response curves for 14 days are constructed and examined. The results suggest a strong but shorter effect by PMS (EC50 = 0.40-1.99 mg·L-1) and PAA (EC50 = 0.32-2.70 mg·L-1), a maintained effect by H2O2 (EC50 = 6.67-7.08 mg·L-1), and a negligible effect by PDS. H. akashiwo indicates higher resistance than P. parvum, except when H2O2 is used. Based on the growth inhibition performance and consumption of the reagents as well as a review of important aspects regarding their application, using H2O2, PAA, or PMS can be a feasible alternative to chlorine-based reagents for inhibiting the growth of harmful phytoplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Moreno-Andrés
- Department of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, INMAR - Marine Research Institute, CEIMAR - International Campus of Excellence of the Sea, University of Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Leonardo Romero-Martínez
- Department of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, INMAR - Marine Research Institute, CEIMAR - International Campus of Excellence of the Sea, University of Cadiz, Spain
| | - Sergio Seoane
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa 48940, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (Plentzia Marine Station, PiE, UPV/EHU), Plentzia 48620, Spain
| | - Asunción Acevedo-Merino
- Department of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, INMAR - Marine Research Institute, CEIMAR - International Campus of Excellence of the Sea, University of Cadiz, Spain
| | - Ignacio Moreno-Garrido
- Institute of Marine Sciences of Andalusia (CSIC), Campus Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Enrique Nebot
- Department of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, INMAR - Marine Research Institute, CEIMAR - International Campus of Excellence of the Sea, University of Cadiz, Spain
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España Amórtegui JC, Pekar H, Retrato MDC, Persson M, Karlson B, Bergquist J, Zuberovic-Muratovic A. LC-MS/MS Analysis of Cyanotoxins in Bivalve Mollusks-Method Development, Validation and First Evidence of Occurrence of Nodularin in Mussels ( Mytilus edulis) and Oysters ( Magallana gigas) from the West Coast of Sweden. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15050329. [PMID: 37235362 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15050329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous identification and quantification of cyanotoxins with hydrophilic and lipophilic properties in edible bivalves is presented. The method includes 17 cyanotoxins comprising 13 microcystins (MCs), nodularin (NOD), anatoxin-a (ATX-a), homoanatoxin (h-ATX) and cylindrospermopsin (CYN). A benefit to the presented method is the possibility for the MS detection of MC-LR-[Dha7] and MC-LR-[Asp3] as separately identified and MS-resolved MRM signals, two congeners which were earlier detected together. The performance of the method was evaluated by in-house validation using spiked mussel samples in the quantification range of 3.12-200 µg/kg. The method was found to be linear over the full calibration range for all included cyanotoxins except CYN for which a quadratic regression was used. The method showed limitations for MC-LF (R2 = 0.94), MC-LA (R2 ≤ 0.98) and MC-LW (R2 ≤ 0.98). The recoveries for ATX-a, h-ATX, CYN, NOD, MC-LF and MC-LW were lower than desired (<70%), but stable. Despite the given limitations, the validation results showed that the method was specific and robust for the investigated parameters. The results demonstrate the suitability of the method to be applied as a reliable monitoring tool for the presented group of cyanotoxins, as well as highlight the compromises that need to be included if multi-toxin methods are to be used for the analysis of cyanotoxins with a broader range of chemical properties. Furthermore, the method was used to analyze 13 samples of mussels (Mytilus edulis) and oysters (Magallana gigas) collected in the 2020-2022 summers along the coast of Bohuslän (Sweden). A complementary qualitative analysis for the presence of cyanotoxins in phytoplankton samples collected from marine waters around southern Sweden was performed with the method. Nodularin was identified in all samples and quantified in bivalve samples in the range of 7-397 µg/kg. Toxins produced by cyanobacteria are not included in the European Union regulatory monitoring of bivalves; thus, the results presented in this study can be useful in providing the basis for future work including cyanotoxins within the frame of regulatory monitoring to increase seafood safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio César España Amórtegui
- Science Department, Swedish Food Agency, Box 622, SE-751 26 Uppsala, Sweden
- Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cr. 45 N° 26-85, Bogotá P.O. Box 111321, Colombia
| | - Heidi Pekar
- Science Department, Swedish Food Agency, Box 622, SE-751 26 Uppsala, Sweden
- Stockholm Water and Waste Company, Bryggerivägen 10, SE-106 36 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark Dennis Chico Retrato
- Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Center, Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Uppsala University, Box 599, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Persson
- Science Department, Swedish Food Agency, Box 622, SE-751 26 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bengt Karlson
- Research and Development, Oceanography, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Sven Källfelts Gata 15, SE-426 71 Västra Frölunda, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Center, Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Uppsala University, Box 599, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aida Zuberovic-Muratovic
- Science Department, Swedish Food Agency, Box 622, SE-751 26 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Center, Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Uppsala University, Box 599, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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Zhu Z, Qi J, Liu Y, Sui Z. The H3K79 methylase DOT1, unreported in photosynthetic plants, exists in Alexandrium pacificum and participates in its growth regulation. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 190:114867. [PMID: 37011538 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Alexandrium pacificum is one of the typical toxic dinoflagellate species leading to harmful algal blooms (HABs). Histone modifications play key roles in many cellular events, but little is known about the mechanism of regulating A. pacificum growth. In this study, a total of 30 proteins containing the DOT1 domain were identified and analyzed. Some ApDOT1 gene expression levels were significantly influenced by light intensity and nitrogen by expression analysis and RT-qPCR validation. The enrichment of H3K79 methylation also showed a similar trend. In addition, ApDOT1.9 protein was proved to have the function of catalyzing the methylation of H3K79 by homology analysis and in vitro methylation. The results suggested that ApDOT1 proteins and H3K79 methylation were involved in responding to harmful algal blooms-inducing conditions (high light intensity, and high nitrogen), which provided basic information for further exploration of the regulatory mechanism of histone methylation in A. pacificum rapid growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Education of China, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Juan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Education of China, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Education of China, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhenghong Sui
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Education of China, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Chatterjee S, More M. Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Bloom Toxin Microcystin and Increased Vibrio Occurrence as Climate-Change-Induced Biological Co-Stressors: Exposure and Disease Outcomes via Their Interaction with Gut-Liver-Brain Axis. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:289. [PMID: 37104227 PMCID: PMC10144574 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15040289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of global warming are not limited to rising global temperatures and have set in motion a complex chain of events contributing to climate change. A consequence of global warming and the resultant climate change is the rise in cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyano-HABs) across the world, which pose a threat to public health, aquatic biodiversity, and the livelihood of communities that depend on these water systems, such as farmers and fishers. An increase in cyano-HABs and their intensity is associated with an increase in the leakage of cyanotoxins. Microcystins (MCs) are hepatotoxins produced by some cyanobacterial species, and their organ toxicology has been extensively studied. Recent mouse studies suggest that MCs can induce gut resistome changes. Opportunistic pathogens such as Vibrios are abundantly found in the same habitat as phytoplankton, such as cyanobacteria. Further, MCs can complicate human disorders such as heat stress, cardiovascular diseases, type II diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Firstly, this review describes how climate change mediates the rise in cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms in freshwater, causing increased levels of MCs. In the later sections, we aim to untangle the ways in which MCs can impact various public health concerns, either solely or in combination with other factors resulting from climate change. In conclusion, this review helps researchers understand the multiple challenges brought forth by a changing climate and the complex relationships between microcystin, Vibrios, and various environmental factors and their effect on human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, University of California–Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Toxicology Core, NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health on Climate Change Interactions, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, University of California–Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, UCI School of Medicine, University of California–Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Madhura More
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Program in Public Health, University of California–Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Thirumalaiselvan PS, Raman M, Remya L, Jayakumar R, Sakthivel M, Tamilmani G, Sankar M, Anikuttan KK, Menon NN, Saravanan R, Ravikumar TT, Narasimapallavan I, Krishnaveni N, Muniasamy V, Batcha SM, Gopalakrishnan A. Monitoring of Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) of Noctiluca scintillans (Macartney) along the Gulf of Mannar, India using in-situ and satellite observations and its impact on wild and maricultured finfishes. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 188:114611. [PMID: 36731375 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the Gulf of Mannar, Noctiluca scintillans blooms have been observed three times in September 2019, September and October 2020, and October 2021. It was determined and measured how the bloom period affects ichthyo-diversity. Noctiluca cell density varied slightly from year to year, ranging from1.8433 × 103 cells/L to 1.3824 x 106cells/L. In surface and sea bottom waters, high ammonia levels and low dissolved oxygen levels were noted. During the bloom period a significant increase in chlorophyll concentration was found. The amount of chlorophyll in GOM was extremely high, according to remote sensing photos made using MODIS-Aqua 4 km data. Acute hypoxia caused the death of wild fish near coral reefs and also in fish reared in sea cages. The decay of the bloom resulted in significant ammonia production, a dramatic drop in the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water, and ultimately stress, shock, and mass mortality of fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Thirumalaiselvan
- Mandapam Regional Centre, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mandapam Camp, India
| | - Mini Raman
- Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380015, India
| | - L Remya
- Mandapam Regional Centre, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mandapam Camp, India
| | - R Jayakumar
- Central Institute of Brackish water Aquaculture, No. 75, Santhome High Road, Chennai, India
| | - M Sakthivel
- Mandapam Regional Centre, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mandapam Camp, India
| | - G Tamilmani
- Mandapam Regional Centre, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mandapam Camp, India
| | - M Sankar
- Mandapam Regional Centre, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mandapam Camp, India
| | - K K Anikuttan
- Mandapam Regional Centre, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mandapam Camp, India
| | - N Nandini Menon
- Nansen Environmental Research Centre India (NERCI), Kochi, India
| | - Raju Saravanan
- Mandapam Regional Centre, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mandapam Camp, India
| | - T T Ravikumar
- Mandapam Regional Centre, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mandapam Camp, India
| | | | - N Krishnaveni
- Mandapam Regional Centre, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mandapam Camp, India
| | - V Muniasamy
- Mandapam Regional Centre, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mandapam Camp, India
| | - S M Batcha
- Mandapam Regional Centre, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mandapam Camp, India
| | - A Gopalakrishnan
- Mandapam Regional Centre, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mandapam Camp, India
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Abstract
Purpose of Review With climate change being the single biggest health threat facing humanity, this review aims to identify the climate-sensitive health risks to the traveler and to recognize the role that travel plays in contributing to the detrimental effects of climate change. With this understanding, adaptations for transformational action can be made. Recent Findings Travel and tourism, including transportation, food consumption, and accommodation, is responsible for a large percentage of the world’s carbon emissions which is contributing to the climate change crisis at an alarming rate. Climate change is a health emergency that is resulting in a rise of significant health impacts to the traveler including increased heat illnesses; food-, water-, and vector-borne diseases; and increasing risk of exposure to emerging infectious diseases. Patterns of future travel and destination choices are likely to change due to climactic factors such as temperature and extreme weather events, forced migration, degradation, and disappearance of popular and natural tourist destinations. Summary Global warming is and will continue to alter the landscape of travel medicine with expansion of transmission seasons and geographic ranges of disease, increased risk of infections and harmful marine toxins, and introduction of emerging infections to naïve populations. This will have implications for pre-travel counseling in assessing risk and discussing the environmental influences on travel. Travelers and stakeholders should be engaged in a dialogue to understand their “climate footprint,” to innovate sustainable solutions, and be empowered to make immediate, conscientious, and responsible choices to abate the impact of breaching critical temperature thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha N. Khatib
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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Manuri DB, Chandrasekaran M, Perumal M, Karri R, Mallavarapu VR. Factors regulating phytoplankton biomass along the Indian coast: elucidation with long-term data. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:27409-27420. [PMID: 36378370 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23969-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Long-term variations in phytoplankton biomass from nine coastal states along the Indian coast were studied and co-related with biotic and abiotic factors. Surface water temperature, dissolved inorganic nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorous), and plankton (phytoplankton and zooplankton) biomass data were collected between 1992 and 2015. Linear regression analysis showed a considerable increase in dissolved inorganic nutrients. A substantial increase in the frequency and intensity of phytoplankton blooms (> 3 mg/m3) was observed along the Indian coast. The considerable increase in dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations could be the major reason for an increase in phytoplankton bloom occurrences. Availability of light and periodicity in zooplankton population were also regulating phytoplankton biomass. Our results revealed that multiple factors are influencing phytoplankton biomass along the Indian coast; particularly, the increase in nutrient concentrations is promoting plankton biomass. Moreover, significant increase in zooplankton biomass can have substantial impact on the biogeochemical cycling and energy transfer to higher trophic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Bharathi Manuri
- National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR), Ministry of Earth Sciences, 2nd Floor, NIOT Campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600100, India.
| | - Muthukumar Chandrasekaran
- National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR), Ministry of Earth Sciences, 2nd Floor, NIOT Campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600100, India
| | - Madeswaran Perumal
- National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR), Ministry of Earth Sciences, 2nd Floor, NIOT Campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600100, India
| | - Ramu Karri
- National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR), Ministry of Earth Sciences, 2nd Floor, NIOT Campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600100, India
| | - Venkata Ramanamurthy Mallavarapu
- National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR), Ministry of Earth Sciences, 2nd Floor, NIOT Campus, Pallikaranai, Chennai, 600100, India
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Agarwal V, Chávez-Casillas J, Mouw CB. Sub-monthly prediction of harmful algal blooms based on automated cell imaging. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 122:102386. [PMID: 36754456 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are an increasing threat to global fisheries and human health. The mitigation of HABs requires management strategies to successfully forecast the abundance and distribution of harmful algal taxa. In this study, we attempt to characterize the dynamics of 2 phytoplankton genera (Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and Dinophysis spp.) in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, using empirical dynamic modeling. We utilize a high-resolution Imaging FlowCytobot dataset to generate a daily-resolution time series of phytoplankton images and then characterize the sub-monthly (1-30 days) timescales of univariate and multivariate prediction skill for each taxon. Our results suggest that univariate predictability is low overall, different for each taxon and does not significantly vary over sub-monthly timescales. For all univariate predictions, models can rely on the inherent autocorrelation within each time series. When we incorporated multivariate data based on quantifiable image features, we found that predictability increased for both taxa and that this increase was apparent on timescales >7 days. Pseudo-nitzschia spp. has distinctive predictive dynamics that occur on timescales of around 16 and 25 days. Similarly, Dinophysis spp. is most predictable on timescales of 25 days. The timescales of prediction for Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and Dinophysis spp. could be tied to environmental drivers such as tidal cycles, water temperature, wind speed, community biomass, salinity, and pH in Narragansett Bay. For most drivers, there were consistent effects between the environmental variables and the phytoplankton taxon. Our analysis displays the potential of utilizing data from automated cell imagers to forecast and monitor harmful algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitul Agarwal
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, United States of America.
| | - Jonathan Chávez-Casillas
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, United States of America
| | - Colleen B Mouw
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, United States of America
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Aalto NJ, Schweitzer H, Grann-Meyer E, Krsmanovic S, Svenning JB, Dalheim L, Petters S, Ingebrigtsen RA, Hulatt CJ, Bernstein HC. Microbial Community Dynamics during a Harmful Chrysochromulina leadbeateri Bloom in Northern Norway. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0189522. [PMID: 36622180 PMCID: PMC9888202 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01895-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A harmful algal bloom occurred in late spring 2019 across multiple, interconnected fjords and bays in northern Norway. The event was caused by the haptophyte Chrysochromulina leadbeateri and led to severe fish mortality at several salmon aquaculture facilities. This study reports on the spatial and temporal succession dynamics of the holistic marine microbiome associated with this bloom by relating all detectable 18S and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence variants to the relative abundance of the C. leadbeateri focal taxon. A k-medoid clustering enabled inferences on how the causative focal taxon cobloomed with diverse groups of bacteria and microeukaryotes. These coblooming patterns showed high temporal variability and were distinct between two geographically separated time series stations during the regional harmful algal bloom. The distinct blooming patterns observed with respect to each station were poorly connected to environmental conditions, suggesting that other factors, such as biological interactions, may be at least as important in shaping the dynamics of this type of harmful algal bloom. A deeper understanding of microbiome succession patterns during these rare but destructive events will help guide future efforts to forecast deviations from the natural bloom cycles of the northern Norwegian coastal marine ecosystems that are home to intensive aquaculture activities. IMPORTANCE The 2019 Chrysochromulina leadbeateri bloom in northern Norway had a major impact on the local economy and society through its devastating effect on the aquaculture industry. However, many fail to remember that C. leadbeateri is, in fact, a common member of the seasonal marine microbiome and the same spring phytoplankton blooms that support the marine ecosystem. It is challenging to draw any conclusions about exact causation behind the harmful bloom of 2019, especially since the natural bloom cycles of C. leadbeateri are not well understood. This study begins to fill major knowledge gaps that may lead to future forecasting abilities, by providing a molecular-based investigation of the destructive 2019 bloom that presents new insights into a seasonal marine microbial ecosystem during one of these sporadically reoccurring events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea J. Aalto
- Norwegian College of Fisheries Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- The Arctic Centre for Sustainable Energy, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hannah Schweitzer
- Norwegian College of Fisheries Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- The Arctic Centre for Sustainable Energy, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Erlend Grann-Meyer
- Norwegian College of Fisheries Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Stina Krsmanovic
- Norwegian College of Fisheries Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jon B. Svenning
- Norwegian College of Fisheries Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lars Dalheim
- Norwegian College of Fisheries Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sebastian Petters
- Norwegian College of Fisheries Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Richard A. Ingebrigtsen
- Norwegian College of Fisheries Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Chris J. Hulatt
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Hans C. Bernstein
- Norwegian College of Fisheries Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- The Arctic Centre for Sustainable Energy, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Gaonkar CC, Campbell L. Metabarcoding reveals high genetic diversity of harmful algae in the coastal waters of Texas, Gulf of Mexico. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 121:102368. [PMID: 36639185 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental-DNA (eDNA) for metabarcoding is a rapid and effective means to investigate microplankton community composition and species diversity. The objective of this study was to examine the genetic diversity of the phytoplankton community in the Gulf of Mexico, with particular emphasis on harmful algal bloom species. Samples were collected at stations along the coast of Texas in September-October 2017 that were inundated by low salinity waters in the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey. Metabarcodes were generated from the eDNA targeting both the V4 and V8-V9 regions of the 18S rDNA gene. Evaluation of the metabarcodes revealed an unexpectedly high number of harmful algal species during this short period, including five that had not been documented in this region previously. A total of 36 harmful algal species could be differentiated based on V4 and V8-V9 metabarcode markers. Using a phylogenetic approach, the taxonomic resolution of each marker differed and not all species could be differentiated using solely one marker. The V4 region resolved species within some genera (e.g., Heterocapsa), while the V8-V9 marker was necessary to resolve species within other genera (e.g., Chattonella). In other cases, species differentiation within a genus required a combination of both markers (e.g., Prorocentrum, Karenia), or another marker will be needed to resolve all species (e.g., Alexandrium, Dinophysis). We conclude that no single marker can delineate all species, so it is recommended HAB monitoring programs use more than one marker. Overall, the observed diversity of HAB species along the Texas coast using metabarcoding exceeded reports from other parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan C Gaonkar
- Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Lisa Campbell
- Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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50
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Manik LP, Albasri H, Puspasari R, Yaman A, Al Hakim S, Siagian AHAM, Kushadiani SK, Riyanto S, Setiawan FA, Thesiana L, Jabbar MA, Saville R, Wada M. Usability and acceptance of crowd-based early warning of harmful algal blooms. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14923. [PMID: 36879908 PMCID: PMC9985416 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Crowdsensing has become an alternative solution to physical sensors and apparatuses. Utilizing citizen science communities is undoubtedly a much cheaper solution. However, similar to other participatory-based applications, the willingness of community members to be actively involved is paramount to the success of implementation. This research investigated factors that affect the continual use intention of a crowd-based early warning system (CBEWS) to mitigate harmful algal blooms (HABs). This study applied the partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using an augmented technology acceptance model (TAM). In addition to the native TAM variables, such as perceived ease of use and usefulness as well as attitude, other factors, including awareness, social influence, and reward, were also studied. Furthermore, the usability factor was examined, specifically using the System Usability Scale (SUS) score as a determinant. Results showed that usability positively affected the perceived ease of use. Moreover, perceived usefulness and awareness influenced users' attitudes toward using CBEWS. Meanwhile, the reward had no significant effects on continual use intention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindung Parningotan Manik
- Faculty of Information Technology, University of Nusa Mandiri, Jakarta, Indonesia.,Research Center for Data and Information Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Hatim Albasri
- Research Center for Fisheries, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Reny Puspasari
- Research Center for Fisheries, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Aris Yaman
- Research Center for Computing, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Shidiq Al Hakim
- Research Center for Data and Information Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung, Indonesia
| | | | - Siti Kania Kushadiani
- Research Center for Data and Information Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Slamet Riyanto
- Research Center for Data and Information Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Foni Agus Setiawan
- Research Center for Data and Information Sciences, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Lolita Thesiana
- Research Center for Fisheries, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Meuthia Aula Jabbar
- Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Jakarta Technical University of Fisheries, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ramadhona Saville
- Department of Agribusiness Management, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Wada
- School of Systems Information Science, Future University Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
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