1
|
Fitzgerald N, Egan M, O'Donnell R, Nicholls J, Mahon L, de Vocht F, McQuire C, Angus C, Purves R, Henney M, Mohan A, Maani N, Shortt N, Bauld L. Public health engagement in alcohol licensing in England and Scotland: the ExILEnS mixed-method, natural experiment evaluation. PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-76. [PMID: 38345369 DOI: 10.3310/fsrt4135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background International systematic reviews suggest an association between alcohol availability and increased alcohol-related harms. Alcohol availability is regulated through separate locally administered licensing systems in England and Scotland, in which local public health teams have a statutory role. The system in Scotland includes a public health objective for licensing. Public health teams engage to varying degrees in licensing matters but no previous study has sought to objectively characterise and measure their activity, examine their effectiveness, or compare practices between Scotland and England. Aim To critically assess the impact and mechanisms of impact of public health team engagement in alcohol premises licensing on alcohol-related harms in England and Scotland. Methods We recruited 39 diverse public health teams in England (n = 27) and Scotland (n = 12). Public health teams more active in licensing were recruited first and then matched to lower-activity public health teams. Using structured interviews (n = 66), documentation analysis, and expert consultation, we developed and applied the Public Health Engagement In Alcohol Licensing (PHIAL) measure to quantify six-monthly activity levels from 2012 to 2019. Time series of PHIAL scores, and health and crime outcomes for each area, were analysed using multivariable negative binomial mixed-effects models to assess correlations between outcome and exposure, with 18-month average PHIAL score as the primary exposure metric. In-depth interviews (n = 53) and a workshop (n = 10) explored public health team approaches and potential mechanisms of impact of alcohol availability interventions with public health team members and licensing stakeholders (local authority licensing officers, managers and lawyers/clerks, police staff with a licensing remit, local elected representatives). Findings Nineteen public health team activity types were assessed in six categories: (1) staffing; (2) reviewing and (3) responding to licence applications; (4) data usage; (5) influencing licensing stakeholders/policy; and (6) public involvement. Usage and intensity of activities and overall approaches varied within and between areas over time, including between Scotland and England. The latter variation could be explained by legal, structural and philosophical differences, including Scotland's public health objective. This objective was felt to legitimise public health considerations and the use of public health data within licensing. Quantitative analysis showed no clear evidence of association between level of public health team activity and the health or crime outcomes examined, using the primary exposure or other metrics (neither change in, nor cumulative, PHIAL scores). Qualitative data suggested that public health team input was valued by many licensing stakeholders, and that alcohol availability may lead to harms by affecting the accessibility, visibility and norms of alcohol consumption, but that the licensing systems have limited power to act in the interests of public health. Conclusions This study provides no evidence that public health team engagement in local licensing matters was associated with measurable downstream reductions in crime or health harms, in the short term, or over a 7-year follow-up period. The extensive qualitative data suggest that public health team engagement is valued and appears to be slowly reorienting the licensing system to better address health (and other) harms, especially in Scotland, but this will take time. A rise in home drinking, alcohol deliveries, and the inherent inability of the licensing system to reduce - or in the case of online sales, to contain - availability, may explain the null findings and will continue to limit the potential of these licensing systems to address alcohol-related harms. Future work Further analysis could consider the relative success of different public health team approaches in terms of changing alcohol availability and retailing. A key gap relates to the nature and impact of online availability on alcohol consumption, harms and inequalities, alongside development and study of relevant policy options. A national approach to licensing data and oversight would greatly facilitate future studies and public health input to licensing. Limitations Our interview data and therefore PHIAL scores may be limited by recall bias where documentary evidence of public health activity was not available, and by possible variability in grading of such activity, though steps were taken to minimise both. The analyses would have benefited from additional data on licensing policies and environmental changes that might have affected availability or harms in the study areas. Study registration The study was registered with the Research Registry (researchregistry6162) on 26 October 2020. The study protocol was published in BMC Medical Research Methodology on 6 November 2018. Funding This synopsis presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme as award number 15/129/11.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Fitzgerald
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Scotland, UK
- SPECTRUM Consortium, UK
| | - Matt Egan
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- NIHR School for Public Health Research, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Rachel O'Donnell
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - James Nicholls
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - Laura Mahon
- Alcohol Focus Scotland, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Frank de Vocht
- NIHR School for Public Health Research, Tyne and Wear, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West, Bristol, UK
| | - Cheryl McQuire
- NIHR School for Public Health Research, Tyne and Wear, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Colin Angus
- SPECTRUM Consortium, UK
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Richard Purves
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - Madeleine Henney
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Andrea Mohan
- School of Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Nason Maani
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Niamh Shortt
- SPECTRUM Consortium, UK
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Linda Bauld
- SPECTRUM Consortium, UK
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hetrick SE, Hobbs M, Fortune S, Marek L, Wiki J, Boden JM, Theodore R, Ruhe T, Kokaua JJ, Thabrew H, Milne B, Bowden N. Proximity of alcohol outlets and presentation to hospital by young people after self-harm: A retrospective geospatial study using the integrated data infrastructure. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2024; 58:152-161. [PMID: 37888830 PMCID: PMC10838485 DOI: 10.1177/00048674231203909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is a well-established association between alcohol use, misuse, intoxication and self-harm, the latter of which is associated with suicide. This study aimed to better understand the association between proximity to alcohol outlets and the likelihood of young people presenting to hospital following self-harm. METHODS This was a nationwide retrospective geospatial study using data from the New Zealand Integrated Data Infrastructure using population-level data for 10-29-year-olds for the 2018 and 2017 calendar years. Presentations to hospital following self-harm were identified using the national minimum data set. Proximity to alcohol outlets was defined in road network distance (in kilometres) and ascertained using Integrated Data Infrastructure geospatial data. Alternative measures of proximity were employed in sensitivity analyses. Complete-case two-level random intercept logistic regression models were used to estimate the relationship between alcohol outlet proximity and hospital presentation for self-harm. Adjusted models included sex, age, ethnicity, area-level deprivation, urbanicity and distance to nearest medical facility. Analyses were also stratified by urbanicity. RESULTS Of the 1,285,368 individuals (mean [standard deviation] age 20.0 [5.9] years), 7944 (0.6%) were admitted to hospital for self-harm. Overall, the odds of presenting to hospital for self-harm significantly decreased as the distance from the nearest alcohol outlet increased, including in adjusted models (adjusted odds ratio 0.980; 95% confidence interval = [0.969-0.992]); the association was robust to changes in the measure of alcohol proximity. The effect direction was consistent across all categorisations of urbanicity, but only statistically significant in large urban areas and rural areas. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study show a clear association between young people's access to alcohol outlets and presentation to hospital for self-harm and may provide a mandate for government policies and universal interventions to reduce young people's access to alcohol outlets. Further research regarding causative mechanisms is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Hetrick
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Waipapa Taumata Rau, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Suicide Prevention Office, Auckland, New Zealand
- A Better Start: E Tipu e Rea National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Hobbs
- Te Taiwhenua o te Hauora-GeoHealth Laboratory, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
- Te Kaupeka Oranga, Faculty of Health, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
- The Cluster for Community and Urban Resilience (CURe), University of Canterbury, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Fortune
- Department of Social and Community Health, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Waipapa Taumata Rau, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lukas Marek
- Te Taiwhenua o te Hauora-GeoHealth Laboratory, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
- Te Kaupeka Oranga, Faculty of Health, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Jesse Wiki
- Epidemioloigy and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Waipapa Taumata Rau, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joseph M Boden
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, University of Otago, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Reremoana Theodore
- National Centre for Lifecourse Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Troy Ruhe
- Va'a O Tautai - Centre for Pacific Health, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jesse J Kokaua
- National Centre for Lifecourse Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Va'a O Tautai - Centre for Pacific Health, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hiran Thabrew
- Te Ara Hāro, Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Waipapa Taumata Rau, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Barry Milne
- A Better Start: E Tipu e Rea National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Social Sciences and Centre of Methods and Policy Application in the Social Sciences (COMPASS), The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas Bowden
- A Better Start: E Tipu e Rea National Science Challenge, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Caryl FM, Pearce J, Mitchell R, Shortt NK. Inequalities in children's exposure to alcohol outlets in Scotland: a GPS study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1749. [PMID: 36109778 PMCID: PMC9479265 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use is a leading cause of harm in young people and increases the risk of alcohol dependence in adulthood. Alcohol use is also a key driver of rising health inequalities. Quantifying inequalities in exposure to alcohol outlets within the activity spaces of pre-adolescent children-a vulnerable, formative development stage-may help understand alcohol use in later life. METHODS GPS data were collected from a nationally representative sample of 10-and-11-year-old children (n = 688, 55% female). The proportion of children, and the proportion of each child's GPS, exposed to alcohol outlets was compared across area-level income-deprivation quintiles, along with the relative proportion of exposure occurring within 500 m of each child's home and school. RESULTS Off-sales alcohol outlets accounted for 47% of children's exposure, which was higher than expected given their availability (31% of alcohol outlets). The proportion of children exposed to alcohol outlets did not differ by area deprivation. However, the proportion of time children were exposed showed stark inequalities. Children living in the most deprived areas were almost five times more likely to be exposed to off-sales alcohol outlets than children in the least deprived areas (OR 4.83, 3.04-7.66; P < 0.001), and almost three times more likely to be exposed to on-sales alcohol outlets (OR 2.86, 1.11-7.43; P = 0.03). Children in deprived areas experienced 31% of their exposure to off-sales outlets within 500 m of their homes compared to 7% for children from less deprived areas. Children from all areas received 22-32% of their exposure within 500 m of schools, but the proportion of this from off-sales outlets increased with area deprivation. CONCLUSIONS Children have little control over what they are exposed to, so policies that reduce inequities in alcohol availability should be prioritised to ensure that all children have the opportunity to lead healthy lives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M. Caryl
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XMRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, School of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jamie Pearce
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Research On Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rich Mitchell
- grid.8756.c0000 0001 2193 314XMRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, School of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Niamh K. Shortt
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Research On Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Y, Mallinson PAC, Aggarwal A, Kulkarni B, Kinra S. Association of Neighborhood Alcohol Environment With Alcohol Intake and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in India: Cross-Sectional Evidence From APCAPS. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:844086. [PMID: 35571211 PMCID: PMC9099288 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.844086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
There are more and more proofs about the impact of neighborhood alcohol environment on alcohol-associated events. The relationship between the neighborhood availability and accessibility of alcohol outlet with individual level of alcohol consumption along with 11 cardiovascular risk factors was explored for the first time in India using data from the 3rd follow-up of the Andhra Pradesh children and parents study (APCAPS) (n = 6156, for liquor intake and 5,641 for heart and blood vessel risk elements). In fully adjusted models, volunteers in the lowest tertile performed worse than volunteers in the highest tertile of distance to the closest alcohol outlet were more probably to exhibit less alcohol consumption (-14.40 g/day, 95% CI: -26.21, -2.59). A unit per km2 rise in alcohol outlet density in 400 m buffering area was related to a rise in waist circumference (1.45 mm, 95% CI: 0.13, 2.77), SBP (0.29 mmHg, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.49), and DBP (0.19 mmHg, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.35). A unit per 100 m rise in distance to the closest alcohol outlet was related to a rise in waist circumference (-2.39 mm, 95% CI: -4.18, -0.59), SBP (-0.41 mmHg, 95% CI: -0.68, -0.15), and DBP (-0.29 mmHg, 95% CI: -0.51, -0.07). Neighborhood availability of alcohol outlets within immediate locality of participants' households had a closer relationship with cardiovascular risk factors than that within the whole village. Public health policies designed to limit neighborhood availability and accessibility of alcohol outlets ought to be advocated in southern India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hangzhou Medical College School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Poppy Alice Carson Mallinson
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aastha Aggarwal
- Centre for Chronic Conditions and Injuries, Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sanjay Kinra
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Martín-Turrero I, Valiente R, Molina-de la Fuente I, Bilal U, Lazo M, Sureda X. Accessibility and availability of alcohol outlets around schools: An ecological study in the city of Madrid, Spain, according to socioeconomic area-level. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112323. [PMID: 34774513 PMCID: PMC8875292 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Neighborhood accessibility and availability of alcohol products has been associated with increased alcohol consumption and harms among adolescents. This availability has been shown to be higher in neighborhoods with lower socio-economic status (SES). The aim of this study was to examine inequalities in alcohol outlet density and proximity around schools by area-level SES in Madrid, Spain. Data on schools, SES, alcohol outlets and population density at census tract level were obtained through public databases from the local government of Madrid. We examined (1) density as the number of alcohol outlets around schools within 3 buffers (i.e. 200 m, 400 m and 800 m) and (2) proximity as the distance from schools to their nearest alcohol outlet. We performed multilevel analyses to examine the associations between alcohol outlet density and proximity and SES, adjusted by population density. Secondary schools (n = 576) located in less deprived areas had lower densities of alcohol outlets at walking distances of 200 and 400 m (50% and 37% lower, respectively p < 0.05). No significant differences were found for the proximity measures. The socioeconomic level of the area in which adolescents go to school is a determinant of their exposure to alcohol, where those who study in high SES areas have lower exposure to alcohol outlets. This study highlights the need to prioritize equity in the design and implementation of policies to limit alcohol accessibility among adolescents, including establishing minimum distances between schools and alcohol outlets or limiting the number of outlets per inhabitant in neighborhoods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martín-Turrero
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Valiente
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Department of Geology, Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Molina-de la Fuente
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Malaria and NTDs Laboratory, National Centre of Tropical Medicine, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Usama Bilal
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mariana Lazo
- Urban Health Collaborative, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Community Health and Prevention, Drexel Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Johns Hopkins, Center for Health Equity, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Xisca Sureda
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10027, United States; Tobacco Control Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cardoza LMS, Santos DSD, Hofelmann DA. [Classification of alcohol outlets in the area surrounding state schools]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2021; 26:4813-4822. [PMID: 34787177 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320212611.3.35402018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the environments of Curitiba's state schools in relation to commercialization of alcoholic beverages and investigate the association with local socio-economic indicators. A cross-sectional study in commercial establishments was carried out around 30 state-owned schools. We applied a survey to characterize the locations in relation to the availability of alcoholic beverages. Differentiation between school environments regarding income was estimated by multilevel mixed-effects model. We evaluated 200 commercial establishments, 66.0% commercialized alcohol. Of them, 52 (39.4%) were off-premise alcohol outlets and 80 (60.6%) on-premise. In on-premise category, neighborhood markets (16.5%) and gas stations (10.1%) had higher presence and half of schools had this type of this establishment in their environment. These establishment had more variety of alcoholic beverages and lower prices. In school's environments located in lower income's neighborhoods, the number of neighborhood market and bars were higher. It was observed the presence of establishments that commercialized alcoholic beverages and with attendance to the public during the classes period, near the evaluated schools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loren Milagros Salazar Cardoza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Paraná. R. Padre Camargo 280, 3º andar, Alto da Glória. 80060-240 Curitiba PR Brasil.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Skala K. Jugend und Alkohol. NEUROPSYCHIATRIE 2020; 34:164-170. [PMID: 33118128 PMCID: PMC7732799 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-020-00365-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungIm vorliegenden Artikel wird auf die Rolle von Alkohol in unserer Gesellschaft sowie auf dessen Bedeutung für Jugendliche eingegangen. Spezifika der Wechselwirkung von Alkohol und dem adoleszenten Gehirn werden erläutert und die epidemiologische Entwicklung des Alkoholkonsums bei österreichischen Minderjährigen beschrieben. Es werden darüber hinaus relevanteRisiken für problematische Konsummuster und mögliche Wege zur Prävention erörtert.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Skala
- Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Wien, Österreich.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Martins JG, Guimarães MO, Jorge KO, Silva CJDP, Ferreira RC, Pordeus IA, Kawachi I, Zarzar PMPDA. Binge drinking, alcohol outlet density and associated factors: a multilevel analysis among adolescents in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2020; 36:e00052119. [PMID: 31939545 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00052119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study sought to evaluate the prevalence of binge drinking in adolescents and its association with density of alcohol outlets around schools. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, with 436 high-school students aged between 17 and 19 and enrolled in 18 public and private schools. The students completed the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT-C), consisting of questions about alcohol consumption by parents and siblings, and socioeconomic status (type of school, mother's education level). Data from geographic information systems were used to estimate the density of alcohol outlets around schools participating. The association between exploratory variables and binge drinking was investigated using multilevel logistic regression analysis (p < 0.05) with random intercepts and fixed slopes. A three-step sequential modeling strategy was adopted. The prevalence of binge drinking was 39.9%. The alcohol consumption among adolescents was lower for those studying in areas with low density of alcohol outlets around schools (OR = 0.32; 95%CI: 0.14; 0.73) and the consumption of alcohol by mothers was associated with binge drinking among adolescents (OR = 1.94; 95%CI: 1.14; 3.30). Our study concluded that binge drinking among adolescents was associated with density of alcohol outlets around the schools and mother's alcohol consumption.
Collapse
|
9
|
Alcohol Outlet Density and Area-Level Heavy Drinking Are Independent Risk Factors for Higher Alcohol-Related Complaints. J Urban Health 2019; 96:889-901. [PMID: 30511138 PMCID: PMC6904759 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-018-00327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol outlet density has well-documented associations with social and health indicators such as crime and injury. However, significantly less is known about the relationships among alcohol-related complaints. Bayesian hierarchical Poisson regression with spatial autocorrelation was used to model the association between on- and off-premises alcohol outlet density and area-level prevalence of current drinkers and heavy drinking, and graffiti density-an indicator of physical disorder-in association with calls from civilians reporting illegal use, alcohol sales, and other alcohol-related activities (hereafter alcohol-related complaints). Complaints were separated into two groups based on whether they occurred at (a) clubs/bars/restaurants or (b) elsewhere. Alcohol-related complaints and graffiti were collected from NYC Open Data. Alcohol density data are from ESRI Business Analyst and information on the prevalence of drinking from the New York City Community Health Survey. The unit of analysis consisted of ZIP codes in New York City (n = 167), and the design was a cross-sectional analysis of aggregated data between 2009 and 2015. In multivariable models, a one-unit increase in off-premises alcohol outlet density was associated with a 47% higher risk of alcohol-related complaints at clubs, bars, and restaurants [rate ratio (RR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.21, 1.77)]. Area-level prevalence of heavy drinking was associated with a 59% higher risk of alcohol-related complaints at the club, bars, and restaurants (RR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.34, 1.86) and a 40% higher risk of complaints elsewhere (RR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.20, 1.63). In New York City, area-level heavy drinking prevalence is a strong independent mechanism that links alcohol outlet density to alcohol-related complaints. Area-level heavy drinking should be investigated as a predictor of other public health problems such as drug overdose mortality.
Collapse
|
10
|
Fairman BJ, Simons-Morton B, Haynie DL, Liu D, Goldstein RB, Hingson RW, Gilman SE. State alcohol policies, taxes, and availability as predictors of adolescent binge drinking trajectories into early adulthood. Addiction 2019; 114:1173-1182. [PMID: 30830991 PMCID: PMC6548657 DOI: 10.1111/add.14600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A number of alcohol policies in the United States have been presumed to reduce underage youth drinking. This study characterized underage youth binge-drinking trajectories into early adulthood and tested associations with the strength of the alcohol policy environment, beer excise taxes and number of liquor stores. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING United States. PARTICIPANTS A national cohort of 10th graders in 2010 (n = 2753), assessed annually from 2010 to 2015. MEASUREMENTS Participants reported on their 30-day binge drinking [defined as consuming five or more+ (for boys) or four or more (for girls) drinks within 2 hours]. We scored the strength of 19 state-level policies at baseline and summarized them into an overall score and two subdomain scores. We also assessed state beer excise taxes (dollars/gallon) and linked the number of liquor stores in 1 km to the participants' geocoded address. FINDINGS We identified five binge-drinking trajectories: low-risk (32.9%), escalating (26.1%), late-onset (13.8%), chronic (15.1%) and decreasing (12.0%). Lower overall alcohol policy strength was associated with increased risk of being in the escalating versus low-risk binge-drinking class [relative risk ratio (RRR) = 1.44 per 1 standard deviation (SD) in policy score; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17, 1.77)]. Higher beer excise taxes were associated with a reduced risk of being in the escalating class (RRR = 0.22 per 1-dollar increase; 95% CI = 0.09, 0.50). The number of liquor stores was not significantly associated with any binge-drinking trajectory. CONCLUSIONS In the United States, stronger state alcohol policies and higher beer excise taxes appear to be associated with lower risk of escalating alcohol consumption trajectories among underage youth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Fairman
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH
| | - Bruce Simons-Morton
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH
| | - Denise L. Haynie
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH
| | | | - Risë B. Goldstein
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH
| | | | - Stephen E. Gilman
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Slutske WS, Deutsch AR, Piasecki TM. Neighborhood alcohol outlet density and genetic influences on alcohol use: evidence for gene-environment interaction. Psychol Med 2019; 49:474-482. [PMID: 29730997 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718001095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic influences on alcohol involvement are likely to vary as a function of the 'alcohol environment,' given that exposure to alcohol is a necessary precondition for genetic risk to be expressed. However, few gene-environment interaction studies of alcohol involvement have focused on characteristics of the community-level alcohol environment. The goal of this study was to examine whether living in a community with more alcohol outlets would facilitate the expression of the genetic propensity to drink in a genetically-informed national survey of United States young adults. METHODS The participants were 2434 18-26-year-old twin, full-, and half-sibling pairs from Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Participants completed in-home interviews in which alcohol use was assessed. Alcohol outlet densities were extracted from state-level liquor license databases aggregated at the census tract level to derive the density of outlets. RESULTS There was evidence that the estimates of genetic and environmental influences on alcohol use varied as a function of the density of alcohol outlets in the community. For example, the heritability of the frequency of alcohol use for those residing in a neighborhood with ten or more outlets was 74% (95% confidence limits = 55-94%), compared with 16% (95% confidence limits = 0-34%) for those in a neighborhood with zero outlets. This moderating effect of alcohol outlet density was not explained by the state of residence, population density, or neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that living in a neighborhood with many alcohol outlets may be especially high-risk for those individuals who are genetically predisposed to frequently drink.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy S Slutske
- University of Missouri,210 McAlester Hall,Columbia,MO 65211,USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fitzgerald N, Egan M, de Vocht F, Angus C, Nicholls J, Shortt N, Nichols T, Maani Hessari N, McQuire C, Purves R, Critchlow N, Mohan A, Mahon L, Sumpter C, Bauld L. Exploring the impact of public health teams on alcohol premises licensing in England and Scotland (ExILEnS): procotol for a mixed methods natural experiment evaluation. BMC Med Res Methodol 2018; 18:123. [PMID: 30400776 PMCID: PMC6219046 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-018-0573-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent regulatory changes in the system by which premises are licensed to sell alcohol, have given health representatives a formal role in the process in England and Scotland. The degree to which local public health teams engage with this process varies by locality in both nations, which have different licensing regimes. This study aims to critically assess the impact on alcohol-related harms - and mechanisms - of public health stakeholders' engagement in alcohol premises licensing from 2012 to 2018, comparing local areas with differing types and intensities of engagement, and examining practice in Scotland and England. METHODS The study will recruit 20 local authority areas where public health stakeholders have actively engaged with the alcohol premises licensing system (the 'intervention') and match them to a group of 20 lower activity areas using genetic matching. Four work packages are included: (1) Structured interviews and documentary analysis will examine the type and level of intervention activity from 2012 to 2018, creating a novel composite measure of the intensity of such activity and will assess the local licensing system and potential confounding activities over the same period. In-depth interviews with public health, licensing, police and others will explore perceived mechanisms of change, acceptability, and impact. (2) Using longitudinal growth models and time series analyses, the study will evaluate the impact of high and low levels of activity on alcohol-related harms using routine data from baseline 2009 to 2018. (3) Intervention costs, estimated National Health Service cost savings and health gains will be evaluated using the Sheffield Alcohol Policy Model to estimate impact on alcohol consumption and health inequalities. (4) The study will engage public health teams to create a new theory of change for public health involvement in the licensing process using our data. We will share findings with local, national and international stakeholders. DISCUSSION This interdisciplinary study examines, for the first time, whether and how public health stakeholders' involvement in alcohol licensing impacts on alcohol harms. Using mixed methods and drawing on complex systems thinking, it will make an important contribution to an expanding literature evaluating interventions not suited to traditional epidemiological research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Fitzgerald
- Institute of Social Marketing, UK Centre for Tobacco & Alcohol Studies, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA UK
| | - Matt Egan
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Frank de Vocht
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Colin Angus
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Niamh Shortt
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tim Nichols
- formerly Brighton & Hove City Council, Brighton, UK
| | - Nason Maani Hessari
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Cheryl McQuire
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard Purves
- Institute of Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Nathan Critchlow
- Institute of Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Andrea Mohan
- Institute of Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | | | - Colin Sumpter
- Institute of Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Linda Bauld
- Institute of Social Marketing, UK Centre for Tobacco & Alcohol Studies, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chambers T, Pearson A, Kawachi I, Stanley J, Smith M, Barr M, Mhurchu CN, Signal L. Children's home and school neighbourhood exposure to alcohol marketing: Using wearable camera and GPS data to directly examine the link between retailer availability and visual exposure to marketing. Health Place 2018; 54:102-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
14
|
Nakkash R, Ghandour LA, Anouti S, Nicolas J, Chalak A, Yassin N, Afifi R. Surveying Alcohol Outlet Density in Four Neighborhoods of Beirut Lebanon: Implications for Future Research and National Policy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15092006. [PMID: 30223460 PMCID: PMC6164322 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15092006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Underage drinking among youth in Lebanon is increasing. Regulating availability is one of the best buy policies recommended by the World Health Organization. To quantitatively document the current status of alcohol availability to youth in Lebanon, we used GPS technology to survey alcohol outlet density in four highly populated neighborhoods in Beirut, Lebanon, and to estimate their proximity to educational institutions. The density of alcohol outlets ranged from 18.30 to 80.95 per km2 (average of 39.6 alcohol outlets/km2). The highest number of total alcohol outlets was in the “Hamra & Jamiaa” area, which includes one of the largest private universities in the country. Thirteen out of 109 (12%) alcohol outlets (on and off-premise) were located less 100 m away from educational institutions, in violation of the current licensing law. None of the off-premise and the majority (94%) of on-premise alcohol outlets displayed the “no sale for <18” sign. Findings were indicative of an environment conducive to increased access and availability of alcohol among youth in Lebanon probably attributed to the prevailing weak alcohol policies and their enforcement. Systematic collection and reporting of alcohol outlet densities is critical to understand the alcogenic environment and guide local harm reduction policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rima Nakkash
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon.
| | - Lilian A Ghandour
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon.
| | - Sirine Anouti
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon.
| | - Jessika Nicolas
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon.
| | - Ali Chalak
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon.
| | - Nasser Yassin
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon.
| | - Rima Afifi
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon.
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fitzgerald N, Winterbottom J, Nicholls J. Democracy and power in alcohol premises licensing: A qualitative interview study of the Scottish public health objective. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37:607-615. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Fitzgerald
- Institute for Social Marketing, UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport; University of Stirling; Stirling UK
| | - Jo Winterbottom
- West Dunbartonshire Health and Social Care Partnership; Dumbarton UK
| | - James Nicholls
- Alcohol Research UK; London UK
- Centre for History in Public Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; London UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Macdonald L, Olsen JR, Shortt NK, Ellaway A. Do 'environmental bads' such as alcohol, fast food, tobacco, and gambling outlets cluster and co-locate in more deprived areas in Glasgow City, Scotland? Health Place 2018; 51:224-231. [PMID: 29747132 PMCID: PMC5989655 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study utilised an innovative application of spatial cluster analysis to examine the socio-spatial patterning of outlets selling potentially health-damaging goods/services, such as alcohol, fast food, tobacco and gambling, within Glasgow City, Scotland. For all categories of outlets combined, numbers of clusters increased linearly from the least to the most income deprived areas (i.e. one cluster within the least deprived quintile to ten within the most deprived quintile). Co-location of individual types of outlets (alcohol, fast food, tobacco and gambling) within similar geographical areas was also evident. This type of research could influence interventions to tackle the co-occurrence of unhealthy behaviours and contribute to policies tackling higher numbers of 'environmental bads' within deprived areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Macdonald
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences, University of Glasgow, Top floor, 200 Renfield Street, Glasgow G2 3QB, United Kingdom.
| | - Jonathan R Olsen
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences, University of Glasgow, Top floor, 200 Renfield Street, Glasgow G2 3QB, United Kingdom
| | - Niamh K Shortt
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Drummond Street, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Ellaway
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences, University of Glasgow, Top floor, 200 Renfield Street, Glasgow G2 3QB, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hobday M, Meuleners L. Alcohol and non-alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes in Perth, Australia: Do alcohol outlets make a difference? ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2018; 113:117-124. [PMID: 29407658 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of distance from alcohol outlets to motor vehicle crashes across the Perth metropolitan area. A retrospective population-based study was undertaken using measures of alcohol- and non-alcohol-related crashes, and their proximity to alcohol outlets, using a geographic information system. Two logistic regression models were developed with the following outcomes: i) crashes including drivers with BAC ≥ 0.05%, and ii) weekend single vehicle night-time crashes, a surrogate measure of alcohol-related crashes. The surrogate measures of non-alcohol-related crashes for these models were all day-time and single vehicle day-time crashes respectively. The major predictors of alcohol-related crashes were number of on-premise outlets and bottleshops in buffer zones up to 2 km, 2 km-5 km, 5 km-10 km and 10 km-20 km from crashes. The distance from the central business district (CBD) and sociodemographic factors were controlled for. The study included 341,467 crashes that occurred between 2005 and 2015. The highest crash incidence rates occurred in the CBD. The statistical models indicated that crashes with a higher number of on-premise outlets in adjacent buffer zones were more likely to be alcohol-related than non-alcohol-related crashes. Crashes with a higher number of on-premise outlets less than 2 km, 2 km-5 km, 5 km-10 km, and 10 km-20 km from the crashes were significantly more likely to be weekend single vehicle night-time crashes than day-time crashes (OR = 1.014; 95% CI:1.002-1.027, OR = 1.022; 95% CI:1.014-1.029, OR = 1.019; 95% CI:1.014-1.024, and OR = 1.017; 95% CI:1.014-1.020 respectively). There was some evidence that crashes with lower number of bottleshops in adjacent buffer zones were more likely to be alcohol-related crashes, although this was not consistent across both models and all buffer zones. When other predictors were controlled for, alcohol-related crashes were more likely to occur further from the CBD, than in the CBD. Recommendations about the timing and location of roadside alcohol testing are made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Hobday
- Curtin-Monash Accident Research Centre, GPO Box U1987, Perth WA 6845, Australia.
| | - Lynn Meuleners
- Curtin-Monash Accident Research Centre, GPO Box U1987, Perth WA 6845, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Casswell S, Huckle T, Wall M, Parker K, Chaiyasong S, Parry CDH, Viet Cuong P, Gray-Phillip G, Piazza M. Policy-relevant behaviours predict heavier drinking and mediate the relationship with age, gender and education status: Analysis from the International Alcohol Control Study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37 Suppl 2:S86-S95. [PMID: 29464804 PMCID: PMC6635757 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction and Aims To investigate behaviours related to four alcohol policy variables (policy‐relevant behaviours) and demographic variables in relation to typical quantities of alcohol consumed on‐premise in six International Alcohol Control study countries. Design and Methods General population surveys with drinkers using a comparable survey instrument and data analysed using path analysis in an overall model and for each country. Measures: typical quantities per occasion consumed on‐premise; gender, age; years of education, prices paid, time of purchase, time to access alcohol and liking for alcohol advertisements. Results In the overall model younger people, males and those with fewer years of education consumed larger typical quantities. Overall lower prices paid, later time of purchase and liking for alcohol ads predicted consuming larger typical quantities; this was found in the high‐income countries, less consistently in the high‐middle‐income countries and not in the low middle‐income country. Three policy‐relevant behaviours (prices paid, time of purchase, liking for alcohol ads) mediated the relationships between age, gender, education and consumption in high‐income countries. Discussion and Conclusions International Alcohol Control survey data showed a relationship between policy‐relevant behaviours and typical quantities consumed and support the likely effect of policy change (trading hours, price and restrictions on marketing) on heavier drinking. The path analysis also revealed policy‐relevant behaviours were significant mediating variables between the effect of age, gender and educational status on consumption. However, this relationship is clearest in high‐income countries. Further research is required to understand better how circumstances in low‐middle‐income countries impact effects of policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally Casswell
- SHORE & Whāriki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Taisia Huckle
- SHORE & Whāriki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Martin Wall
- SHORE & Whāriki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karl Parker
- SHORE & Whāriki Research Centre, College of Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Surasak Chaiyasong
- Health Promotion Policy Research Center, International Health Policy Program, Nonthaburi, Thailand.,Social Pharmacy Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
| | - Charles D H Parry
- Public Health, Research, Education and External Affairs Department, National Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit, Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pham Viet Cuong
- Center for Injury Policy and Prevention Research, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Gaile Gray-Phillip
- National Council on Drug Abuse Prevention, Basseterre, St Kitts and Nevis
| | - Marina Piazza
- National Institute of Health, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Slaunwhite AK, McEachern J, Ronis ST, Peters PA. Alcohol distribution reforms and school proximity to liquor sales outlets in New Brunswick. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2018; 108:e488-e496. [PMID: 29356654 DOI: 10.17269/cjph.108.6132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this project was to evaluate how changes to the sale of alcohol in New Brunswick would be distributed across urban and rural communities, and low- and high-income neighbourhoods. The study objectives were to 1) estimate the population living close to alcohol outlets before and after liquor distribution reforms, 2) identify communities or regions that would be more or less affected, and 3) determine whether expanding access to alcohol products would reduce school proximity to retailers. METHODS Data from Statistics Canada, Desktop Mapping Technologies Inc. (DMTI), and geocoded publicly available information were spatially linked and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The populations living within 499 m, 500-999 m and 1-5 km of an outlet were estimated, and the distances from schools to stores were examined by geographic characteristics and neighbourhood socio-economic status. RESULTS Permitting the sale of alcohol in all grocery stores throughout the province would increase the number of liquor outlets from 153 to 282 and would increase the population residing within 499 m of an outlet by 97.49%, from 19 886 to 39 273 residents. The sale of alcohol in grocery stores would result in an additional 35 liquor sales outlets being located within 499 m of schools. Low-income neighbourhoods would have the highest number and proportion of stores within 499 m of schools. CONCLUSION The findings of this study demonstrate the importance of considering social, economic and health inequities in the context of alcohol policy reforms that will disproportionately affect low-income neighbourhoods and youth living within these areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Slaunwhite
- Institute for Circumpolar Health Studies, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, USA; Centre for Addictions Research of British Columbia, Victoria, BC.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Phillips JG, Hughes B, Ogeil RP. Alcohol consumption, dependence and foraging. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2017.1296038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James G. Phillips
- Psychology Department, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Barry Hughes
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rowan P. Ogeil
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fitzgerald N, Nicholls J, Winterbottom J, Katikireddi SV. Implementing a Public Health Objective for Alcohol Premises Licensing in Scotland: A Qualitative Study of Strategies, Values, and Perceptions of Evidence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14030221. [PMID: 28241512 PMCID: PMC5369057 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14030221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The public health objective for alcohol premises licensing, established in Scotland in 2005, is unique globally. We explored how public health practitioners engaged with the licensing system following this change, and what helped or hindered their efforts. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 public health actors, audio-recorded, and analysed using an inductive framework approach. Many interviewees viewed the new objective as synonymous with reducing population-level alcohol consumption; however, this view was not always shared by licensing actors, some of whom did not accept public health as a legitimate goal of licensing, or prioritised economic development instead. Some interviewees were surprised that the public health evidence they presented to licensing boards did not result in their hoped-for outcomes; they reported that licensing officials did not always understand or value health data or statistical evidence. While some tried to give "impartial" advice to licensing boards, this was not always easy; others were clear that their role was one of "winning hearts and minds" through relationship-building with licensing actors over time. Notwithstanding the introduction of the public health objective, there remain significant, and political, challenges in orienting local premises licensing boards towards decisions to reduce the availability of alcohol in Scotland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Fitzgerald
- Institute for Social Marketing, UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
| | - James Nicholls
- Alcohol Research UK, London SW1H 0HW, UK.
- Centre for History in Public Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1H 9SH, UK.
| | - Jo Winterbottom
- West Dunbartonshire Health and Social Care Partnership, Dumbarton G82 3PU, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gosselt JF, Strump T, Van Hoof J. Adolescents’ experiences and perceived (dis)advantages of the three main outlet types for alcohol purchases. J Health Psychol 2016; 21:3016-3025. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105315592046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the existing literature, relevant determinants of availability for on-premises locations, off-premises locations, and the Internet were qualitatively explored and categorized by “experts” consisting of underage alcohol purchasers. In total, 14 focus group discussions were conducted with 94 Dutch adolescents. For on-premises locations, the high prices were perceived as the biggest disadvantage, and the ease to circumvent legal age limits as the biggest advantage. For off-premises locations, the cheap pricing was perceived as the most positive aspect, and the legal age limit as the biggest disadvantage. For online purchases, the waiting time was perceived as the most negative aspect, and the proximity of online stores as the biggest advantage.
Collapse
|
23
|
Scott S, Muirhead C, Shucksmith J, Tyrrell R, Kaner E. Does Industry-Driven Alcohol Marketing Influence Adolescent Drinking Behaviour? A Systematic Review. Alcohol Alcohol 2016; 52:84-94. [PMID: 27864186 PMCID: PMC5169036 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agw085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To systematically review evidence on the influence of specific marketing components (Price, Promotion, Product attributes and Place of sale/availability) on key drinking outcomes (initiation, continuation, frequency and intensity) in young people aged 9–17. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, PsychINFO, CINAHL and ProQuest were searched from inception to July 2015, supplemented with searches of Google Scholar, hand searches of key journals and backward and forward citation searches of reference lists of identified papers. Results Forty-eight papers covering 35 unique studies met inclusion criteria. Authors tended to report that greater exposure to alcohol marketing impacted on drinking initiation, continuation, frequency and intensity during adolescence. Nevertheless, 23 (66%) studies reported null results or negative associations, often in combination with positive associations, resulting in mixed findings within and across studies. Heterogeneity in study design, content and outcomes prevented estimation of effect sizes or exploration of variation between countries or age subgroups. The strength of the evidence base differed according to type of marketing exposure and drinking outcome studied, with support for an association between alcohol promotion (mainly advertising) and drinking outcomes in adolescence, whilst only two studies examined the relationship between alcohol price and the drinking behaviour of those under the age of 18. Conclusion Despite the volume of work, evidence is inconclusive in all four areas of marketing but strongest for promotional activity. Future research with standardized measures is needed to build on this work and better inform interventions and policy responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Scott
- Institute of Health & Society, Baddiley-Clark Building, Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK
| | - Colin Muirhead
- Institute of Health & Society, Baddiley-Clark Building, Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK
| | - Janet Shucksmith
- Health and Social Care Institute, Parkside West Offices, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, Tees Valley TS1 3BA, UK
| | - Rachel Tyrrell
- Institute of Health & Society, Baddiley-Clark Building, Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.,Centre for Early Child Development, NSPCC, Number One, Bickerstaffe Square, Blackpool FY1 3AH, UK
| | - Eileen Kaner
- Institute of Health & Society, Baddiley-Clark Building, Newcastle University, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kwok KHR, Yuan SNV. Parental socioeconomic status and binge drinking in adolescents: A systematic review. Am J Addict 2016; 25:610-619. [DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ka Ho Robin Kwok
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN); King's College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Sze Ngar Vanessa Yuan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience (IoPPN); King's College London; London United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
The availability of medical marijuana dispensary and adolescent marijuana use. Prev Med 2016; 91:1-7. [PMID: 27471020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the association between medical marijuana dispensary (MMD) availability and adolescent marijuana use. METHODS The study sample was comprised of 8th, 10th, and 12th graders (N=14,953) from 141 schools in the 2014 Monitoring the Future study, who resided in the 18 states that had legalized medical marijuana as of January 1, 2014. Multilevel logistic regressions with random effects were conducted to quantify the cross-sectional associations of the availability of MMD within 5- and 25-mile buffers from the centroid of school zip codes with self-reported recent use (past-year) and current use (past-month) of marijuana, controlling for individual characteristics and school, zip code, and state contextual factors. RESULTS In the combined sample, the availability of MMD was not associated with recent or current use of marijuana. Subsample analyses suggested that the availability within a 5-mile buffer was associated with a higher likelihood of recent use in 8th graders (OR=1.93, 95% CI=1.11-3.33) and the availability within a 5- to 25-mile buffer was associated with a higher likelihood of recent use in 10th graders (OR=1.33, 95% CI=1.00-1.77). The availability of MMD was not associated with recent use in 12th graders or current use in any grades. CONCLUSIONS The availability of MMD was not associated with current use of marijuana among adolescents. There was some evidence suggesting that the availability of MMD within short to medium traveling distance may be associated with a higher level of recent use in middle schoolers who are also at a high risk of experimenting with marijuana.
Collapse
|
26
|
Is neighbourhood access to tobacco outlets related to smoking behaviour and tobacco-related health outcomes and hospital admissions? Prev Med 2016; 88:218-23. [PMID: 27154350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although the harms of tobacco use are widely accepted, few studies have examined the relationship between access to tobacco outlets and hospital admissions. This study aimed to examine the relationship between neighbourhood access to tobacco outlets, smoking and hospital admissions and self-reported morbidity. METHODS Responses as to smoking behaviour were obtained from 12,270 adult participants in Western Australia (2003-2009) and individually record-linked to hospital admissions and geographically linked to tobacco outlets. RESULTS Neighbourhood access to tobacco outlets was marginally positively associated with being a current versus a past smoker. Tobacco outlet access was also positively associated with heart disease for smokers but not non-smokers. For smokers, each additional outlet within 1600m of home was associated with a 2% increase in the odds of heart disease. CONCLUSION Smokers with greater access to tobacco outlets were more likely to be diagnosed with or admitted to hospital for heart disease. Regulating the density of tobacco outlets in the community has immense potential to improve health benefits and our results motivate the need for future longitudinal studies to confirm this hypothesis.
Collapse
|
27
|
Availability of Medical and Recreational Marijuana Stores and Neighborhood Characteristics in Colorado. JOURNAL OF ADDICTION 2016; 2016:7193740. [PMID: 27213075 PMCID: PMC4860233 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7193740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To examine the availability of marijuana stores in Colorado and associations with neighborhood characteristics. Methods. The addresses for 650 medical and recreational marijuana stores were geocoded and linked to the characteristics of 1249 census tracts in Colorado. Accounting for spatial autocorrelations, autologistic regressions were used to quantify the associations of census tract socioeconomic characteristics with the availability of marijuana stores. Results. Regardless of store types, marijuana stores were more likely to locate in neighborhoods that had a lower proportion of young people, had a higher proportion of racial and ethnic minority population, had a lower household income, had a higher crime rate, or had a greater density of on-premise alcohol outlets. The availability of medical and recreational marijuana stores was differentially correlated with household income and racial and ethnic composition. Conclusions. Neighborhood disparities existed in the availability of marijuana stores, and associations between availability of stores and neighborhood characteristics varied by store types. This study highlighted the need for regulatory measures to prevent marijuana related outcomes in high risk neighborhoods.
Collapse
|
28
|
Azar D, White V, Coomber K, Faulkner A, Livingston M, Chikritzhs T, Room R, Wakefield M. The association between alcohol outlet density and alcohol use among urban and regional Australian adolescents. Addiction 2016; 111:65-72. [PMID: 26332165 DOI: 10.1111/add.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS While recent evidence suggests that higher alcohol outlet density is associated with greater alcohol use among adolescents, influence of the four main outlet types on youth drinking within urban and regional communities is unknown. This study provides the first investigation of this relationship. DESIGN Repeated cross-sectional surveys with random samples of secondary students clustered by school. Mixed-effects logistic regression analyses examined the association between each outlet type and the drinking outcomes, with interaction terms used to test urban/regional differences. SETTING Australia, 2002-11. PARTICIPANTS Respondents participating in a triennial survey (aged 12-17 years); 44 897 from urban settings, 23 311 from regional settings. MEASUREMENTS The key outcome measures were past month alcohol use, risky drinking among all students and risky drinking among past week drinkers. For each survey year, students were assigned a postcode-level outlet density (number of licences per 1000 population) for each outlet type (general, on-premise, off-premise, clubs). FINDINGS Interaction terms revealed a significant association between off-premises outlet density and risky drinking among all adolescents in urban (odds ratio = 1.36, 95% confidence interval CI = 1.05-1.75, P < 0.05) but not regional areas. Similarly, club density was associated with the drinking outcomes in urban communities only. General and on-premises density was associated with alcohol use and risky drinking among all adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Higher densities of general, on- and off-premises outlets in an adolescent's immediate neighbourhood are related to increased likelihood of alcohol consumption among all adolescents. The density of licensed clubs is associated more strongly with drinking for urban than for regional adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Azar
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia, 3004
| | - Victoria White
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia, 3004
| | - Kerri Coomber
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia, 3004.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, 3220
| | - Agatha Faulkner
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia, 3004
| | - Michael Livingston
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, Melbourne, Australia, 3065.,Drug Policy Modelling Program, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, 2052
| | - Tanya Chikritzhs
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia, 6008
| | - Robin Room
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, Melbourne, Australia, 3065.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, 3010
| | - Melanie Wakefield
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia, 3004
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shih RA, Mullins L, Ewing BA, Miyashiro L, Tucker JS, Pedersen ER, Miles JNV, D'Amico EJ. Associations between neighborhood alcohol availability and young adolescent alcohol use. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2015; 29:950-9. [PMID: 26415057 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the association between alcohol outlet density and adolescent alcohol use, including whether this association differed by sociodemographic characteristics. We geocoded and mapped active license data from the year 2011 to calculate the number of outlets within multiple circular buffers of varying sizes (density), centered at households of adolescents ages 10-16 (n = 2,724). We examined 2 indicators of alcohol use: any lifetime use, but not in past month, and any past month heavy use. Cross-sectional hierarchal multivariate regression analyses were used to examine associations between alcohol outlet density and alcohol use, including the potential moderating effect of age, gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Analyses controlled for neighborhood-level socioeconomic status and accounted for census tract-level clustering. A higher number of on- and off-premise outlets within 0.10, 0.25, and 0.50 miles around the respondents' homes was associated with higher odds of being a heavy drinker. In addition, the number of on-premise outlets within the 0.25-mile radius was associated with greater odds of lifetime drinking. For on-premise outlets where minors were not allowed (clubs/bars), we observed a positive and significant association between clubs/bars within the 0.25-mile buffer zone and higher odds of both lifetime and heavy drinking. Findings suggest that youth who are exposed to higher densities of on-premise alcohol outlets are at risk for both lifetime use and recent heavy use. It is critical to advocate for stricter laws limiting the number of alcohol outlets in neighborhoods, including clubs/bars where minors are restricted, and putting into place more stringent enforcement of age identification requirements to limit distribution of alcohol to minors.
Collapse
|
30
|
Gibson C, Perley L, Bailey J, Barbour R, Kershaw T. Social network and census tract-level influences on substance use among emerging adult males: An activity spaces approach. Health Place 2015; 35:28-36. [PMID: 26176810 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Social network and area level characteristics have been linked to substance use. We used snowball sampling to recruit 90 predominantly African American emerging adult men who provided typical locations visited (n=510). We used generalized estimating equations to examine social network and area level predictors of substance use. Lower social network quality was associated with days of marijuana use (B=-0.0037, p<0.0001) and problem alcohol use (B=-0.0050, p=0.0181). The influence of area characteristics on substance use differed between risky and non-risky spaces. Peer and area influences are important for substance use among men, and may differ for high and low risk places.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Gibson
- Yale School of Public Health, 135 College St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Lauren Perley
- Yale School of Public Health, 135 College St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jonathan Bailey
- Yale School of Public Health, 135 College St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Russell Barbour
- Yale School of Public Health, 135 College St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Trace Kershaw
- Yale School of Public Health, 135 College St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dumbili EW. A review of substance use among secondary school students in Nigeria: Implications for policies. DRUGS-EDUCATION PREVENTION AND POLICY 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/09687637.2015.1041455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
32
|
Richardson EA, Hill SE, Mitchell R, Pearce J, Shortt NK. Is local alcohol outlet density related to alcohol-related morbidity and mortality in Scottish cities? Health Place 2015; 33:172-80. [PMID: 25840352 PMCID: PMC4415114 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption may be influenced by the local alcohol retailing environment. This study is the first to examine neighbourhood alcohol outlet availability (on- and off-sales outlets) and alcohol-related health outcomes in Scotland. Alcohol-related hospitalisations and deaths were significantly higher in neighbourhoods with higher outlet densities, and off-sales outlets were more important than on-sales outlets. The relationships held for most age groups, including those under the legal minimum drinking age, although were not significant for the youngest legal drinkers (18–25 years). Alcohol-related deaths and hospitalisations were higher in more income-deprived neighbourhoods, and the gradient in deaths (but not hospitalisations) was marginally larger in neighbourhoods with higher off-sales outlet densities. Efforts to reduce alcohol-related harm should consider the potentially important role of the alcohol retail environment. Whether alcohol outlet availability influences health in Scotland was unknown We assessed relationships with alcohol-related hospitalisations and mortality More hospitalisations and deaths occurred in areas with greater outlet availability Off-sales outlets were more important for health than on-sales outlets Efforts to reduce alcohol harms should consider the alcohol retail environment
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E A Richardson
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health (CRESH), School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, UK.
| | - S E Hill
- Global Public Health Unit, School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9LD, UK.
| | - R Mitchell
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health (CRESH), Section of Public Health and Health Policy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK.
| | - J Pearce
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health (CRESH), School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, UK.
| | - N K Shortt
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health (CRESH), School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XP, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Neighborhood characteristics associated with the availability of alcohol outlets in quebec, Canada. JOURNAL OF ADDICTION 2015; 2015:876582. [PMID: 25810946 PMCID: PMC4355336 DOI: 10.1155/2015/876582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. The objectives of this study were to examine the spatial accessibility to alcohol outlets in Quebec and to assess the association between neighborhood level characteristics and availability of alcohol outlets. Methods. The Tobit Model was used to assess the association between neighborhood level characteristics and the availability of alcohol outlets within 500, 1000, 2000, and 3000 metres, respectively. Results. Alcohol outlets were found to be most available in the two largest metropolitan areas of the province of Quebec (Montréal and Québec City). Within 1000 metres, alcohol outlets are more available in neighbourhoods with the following characteristics: highest concentration of men, least materially deprived highest concentration of persons aged 20 years or more, and location either in a metropolitan area or in a small town. Finally, the number of bars with video lottery terminals increases with the level of social and material deprivation. Conclusion. In Québec, there is no rule governing the location of alcohol outlets. Thus, there is an abundant literature indicating that the regulation of alcohol outlet density could be an effective means of controlling risk attributable to alcohol consumption.
Collapse
|
34
|
Guo X, Huang YG. The development of alcohol policy in contemporary China. J Food Drug Anal 2014; 23:19-29. [PMID: 28911442 PMCID: PMC9351742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over recent years, an increase in alcohol-related problems has been noted in China. Taking effective measures against the problem requires clear reviewing and understanding of the evolution of the Chinese alcohol policy. This study is aimed to evaluate the alcohol policy with special focus on reviewing the alcohol production and consumption situation in China and assessing the changes in Chinese alcohol policy along with other related fields. This article finishes with a set of recommended policy changes that could help solve the recent alcohol-related problems and analyze the major impediments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Guo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yong-Guang Huang
- Liquor-making Science and Technology Publishing House, Guizhou Provincial Light Industry Scientific Research Institute, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Astudillo M, Kuendig H, Centeno-Gil A, Wicki M, Gmel G. Regional abundance of on-premise outlets and drinking patterns among Swiss young men: District level analyses and geographic adjustments. Drug Alcohol Rev 2014; 33:526-33. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hervé Kuendig
- Research Institute; Addiction Switzerland; Lausanne Switzerland
| | | | - Matthias Wicki
- Research Institute; Addiction Switzerland; Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Gmel
- Research Institute; Addiction Switzerland; Lausanne Switzerland
- Alcohol Treatment Centre; Lausanne University Hospital CHUV; Lausanne Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Humphreys DK, Smith DM. Alcohol licensing data: Why is it an underused resource in public health? Health Place 2013; 24:110-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
37
|
Skala K, Walter H. Adolescence and Alcohol: a review of the literature. NEUROPSYCHIATRIE : KLINIK, DIAGNOSTIK, THERAPIE UND REHABILITATION : ORGAN DER GESELLSCHAFT ÖSTERREICHISCHER NERVENÄRZTE UND PSYCHIATER 2013; 27:202-11. [PMID: 23839238 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-013-0066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Up to two thirds of adolescents consume alcohol and about a quarter engage in abusive behavior at some point. Many users begin alcohol use at young ages, and binge drinking is a dominant pattern for a proportion of youth. Because neurogenesis is inhibited by ethanol, consequences of adolescent alcohol abuse include changes in brain development and impairment of neurocognitive performance. A variety of mental and psychosocial problems are also often witnessed in alcohol abusing youth. Apart from the influence exerted by genetic and psychosocial factors, the chance of developing problematic alcohol consumption is increased by consumption in a binge drinking manner and by first contact with alcohol at a young age. Discrimination of alcohol consumption within the frames of normal adolescent behavior from problematic use is still a challenging issue. Different prevention programs provide treatment either directly to the adolescent, in the context of the school, or within the frame of the adolescent's family. Although some of these efforts have been shown to be effective in reducing alcohol misuse in youth, hardly any intervention reveals satisfactory outcomes in a long-term prospect. Successful prevention strategies would need to comprise treatment of current neuropsychological impairment as well as of comorbid mental health problems and concurrent other substance misuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Skala
- Department of Child- and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | | |
Collapse
|