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Mackenbach JD, Widener MJ, van der Gaag E, Pinho MG. Survey-derived activity space-based exposures to fast food outlets and their cross-sectional associations with use of fast food outlets, diet quality and BMI. Health Place 2023; 79:102966. [PMID: 36608585 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.102966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for conceptual and methodological innovation in food environment-health research. We compared different operationalizations of survey-derived activity space exposures to fast food outlets (FFOs) in associations with use of FFO, diet quality and body mass index (BMI). FFO exposure was determined for home, work and a maximum of sixteen other locations reported by 1728 Dutch adults. Considerable differences in count of FFO between locations were found. Adjusted linear regression analyses resulted in small, unexpected associations with use of FFO, diet quality and BMI, whereby the strength of associations differed between exposure measures. Using home and work areas may be a cost-efficient compromise to capture large parts of the exposure to FFOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joreintje D Mackenbach
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Upstream Team, Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands.
| | - Michael J Widener
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto - St George, Toronto, Canada
| | - Emilie van der Gaag
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maria Gm Pinho
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Upstream Team, Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands
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2
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Pinchak NP, Browning CR, Calder CA, Boettner B. Racial Inequalities in Adolescents' Exposure to Racial and Socioeconomic Segregation, Collective Efficacy, and Violence. Demography 2022; 59:1763-1789. [PMID: 36095161 PMCID: PMC9757129 DOI: 10.1215/00703370-10210688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the United States, Black youth tend to grow up in remarkably less resourced neighborhoods than White youth. This study investigates whether and to what extent Black youth are moreover exposed to less resourced activity spaces beyond the home. We draw on GPS data from a large sample of urban youth in the Columbus, Ohio-based Adolescent Health and Development in Context study (2014-2016) to examine to what extent Black youth experience nontrivial, disproportionate levels of exposure to more disadvantaged and segregated contexts in their daily routines compared with similarly residentially situated White youth. Specifically, we estimate Black-White differences in nonhome exposure to concentrated disadvantage, racial segregation, collective efficacy, and violent crime. We find that Black youths' activity spaces have substantially higher rates of racial segregation and violent crime than those of White youth, and substantially lower levels of collective efficacy-even after accounting for a host of individual- and home neighborhood-level characteristics. We find more modest evidence of differences in exposure to socioeconomic disadvantage. These findings have important implications for neighborhood-centered interventions focused on youth well-being and the contextual effects and segregation literatures more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolo P. Pinchak
- Department of Sociology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Institute for Population Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Christopher R. Browning
- Department of Sociology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Institute for Population Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Catherine A. Calder
- Department of Statistics and Data Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Bethany Boettner
- Institute for Population Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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3
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Frankeberger J, Sumetsky N, Friedman MR, Burke JG, Coulter RWS, Mair C. Changes in activity locations during the COVID-19 pandemic and associations with depression, anxiety, loneliness, and alcohol use. WELLBEING, SPACE AND SOCIETY 2022; 3:100092. [PMID: 35860439 PMCID: PMC9281410 DOI: 10.1016/j.wss.2022.100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Restrictions and guidelines to limit the spread of COVID-19 caused considerable and rapid changes to individuals' daily routines. This study examines how activity locations changed during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated social distancing restrictions, and whether these changes were associated with depression, anxiety, loneliness, and alcohol use. METHODS A web-based survey was conducted early in the COVID-19 pandemic (May-June 2020) in Allegheny County (Pittsburgh), Pennsylvania. Participants (n = 265) reported visits to activity locations in the last 30 days and retrospectively for February 2020 (pre-pandemic). A principal components analysis was conducted to assess change in utilization of activity locations. Component scores of changes to activity locations were compared by sociodemographics. Poisson and zero-inflated negative binomial models were used to examine the relationship between component scores and pandemic depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, loneliness, and drinking days. RESULTS Five distinct principal components of activity location changes were identified. The first component, characterizing broad reductions in activity locations during the early phases of the pandemic, was associated with increased depression and loneliness. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate non-uniform shifts in routine activities during the pandemic and highlight the importance of understanding how changes to the social environment affect individuals' psychological wellbeing and alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Frankeberger
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Center for Social Dynamics and Community Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Natalie Sumetsky
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Center for Social Dynamics and Community Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - M Reuel Friedman
- Center for LGBT Health Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jessica G Burke
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Center for Social Dynamics and Community Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Robert W S Coulter
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Center for Social Dynamics and Community Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Center for LGBT Health Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Christina Mair
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Center for Social Dynamics and Community Health, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, 130 De Soto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Pinchak NP, Browning CR, Calder CA, Boettner B. Activity Locations, Residential Segregation, and the Significance of Residential Neighborhood Boundary Perceptions. URBAN STUDIES (EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND) 2021; 58:2758-2781. [PMID: 34840355 PMCID: PMC8612455 DOI: 10.1177/0042098020966262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The inadequacies of residential census geography in capturing urban residents' routine exposures have motivated efforts to more directly measure residents' activity spaces. In turn, insights regarding urban activity patterns have been used to motivate alternative residential neighborhood measurement strategies incorporating dimensions of activity space in the form of egocentric neighborhoods-measurement approaches that place individuals at the center of their own residential neighborhood units. Unexamined, however, is the extent to which the boundaries of residents' own self-defined residential neighborhoods compare with census-based and egocentric neighborhood measurement approaches in aligning with residents' routine activity locations. We first assess this question, examining whether the boundaries of residents' self-defined residential neighborhoods are in closer proximity to the coordinates of a range of activity location types than are the boundaries of their census and egocentric residential neighborhood measurement approaches. We find little evidence that egocentric or, crucially, self-defined residential neighborhoods better align with activity locations, suggesting a division in residents' activity locations and conceptions of their residential neighborhoods. We then examine opposing hypotheses about how self-defined residential neighborhoods and census tracts compare in socioeconomic and racial composition. Overall, our findings suggest that residents bound less segregated neighborhoods than those produced by census geography, but self-defined residential neighborhoods still reflect a preference toward homophily when considering areas beyond the immediate environment of their residence. These findings underscore the significance of individuals' conceptions of residential neighborhoods to understanding and measuring urban social processes such as residential segregation and social disorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolo P. Pinchak
- Department of Sociology, The Ohio State University, 238 Townshend Hall, Columbus, OH 43210
- Institute for Population Research, The Ohio State University, 060 Townshend Hall, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Christopher R. Browning
- Department of Sociology, The Ohio State University, 238 Townshend Hall, Columbus, OH 43210
- Institute for Population Research, The Ohio State University, 060 Townshend Hall, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Catherine A. Calder
- Department of Statistics and Data Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 2317 Speedway, Stop D9800, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Bethany Boettner
- Institute for Population Research, The Ohio State University, 060 Townshend Hall, Columbus, OH 43210
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Browning CR, Calder CA, Boettner B, Tarrence J, Khan K, Soller B, Ford J. Neighborhoods, Activity Spaces, and the Span of Adolescent Exposures. AMERICAN SOCIOLOGICAL REVIEW 2021; 86:201-233. [PMID: 34992302 PMCID: PMC8725782 DOI: 10.1177/0003122421994219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Since the inception of urban sociology, the "neighborhood" has served as the dominant context thought to capture developmentally significant youth experiences beyond the home. Yet no large-scale study has examined patterns of exposure to the most commonly used operationalization of neighborhood - the census tract - among urban youth. Using smartphone GPS data from the Adolescent Health and Development in Context study (N=1405), we estimate the amount of time youth spend in residential neighborhoods and consider explanations for variation in neighborhood exposure. On average, youth (ages 11 to 17) spend 5.7% of their waking time in their neighborhood but not at home, 60% at home, and 34.3% outside their neighborhood. Multilevel negative binomial regression models indicate that residence in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods is associated with less time in neighborhood. Higher levels of local violence and the absence of a neighborhood school the youth is eligible to attend are negatively associated with time in neighborhood and mediate the concentrated disadvantage effect. Fractional multinomial logit models indicate that higher violence is linked with increased time at home while school absence is associated with increased outside-neighborhood time. Theoretical development and empirical research on neighborhood effects should incorporate findings on the extent and nature of neighborhood and broader activity space exposures among urban youth.
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Raskind IG, Kegler MC, Girard AW, Dunlop AL, Kramer MR. An activity space approach to understanding how food access is associated with dietary intake and BMI among urban, low-income African American women. Health Place 2020; 66:102458. [PMID: 33035746 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Inconclusive evidence for how food environments affect health may result from an emphasis on residential neighborhood-based measures of exposure. We used an activity space approach to examine whether 1) measures of food access and 2) associations with diet and BMI differ between residential and activity space food environments among low-income African American women in Atlanta, Georgia (n = 199). Although residential and activity space environments differed across all dimensions of food access, being located farther away from 'unhealthy' outlets was associated with lower BMI in both environments. Future research should move beyond asking whether residential and activity space environments differ, toward examining if, how, and under what conditions these differences impact the estimation of health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anne L Dunlop
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, USA
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7
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Weber C, Quintus M, Egloff B, Luong G, Riediger M, Wrzus C. Same old, same old? Age differences in the diversity of daily life. Psychol Aging 2020; 35:434-448. [PMID: 31613136 PMCID: PMC8021140 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Some research suggests that compared with younger adults, older adults have more homogeneous, less diverse daily life experiences because everyday situations and activities become increasingly stable and routine. However, strong empirical tests of this assumption are scarce. In two complementary studies, we examined whether older age is associated with less diversity in daily life experiences (e.g., regarding social interaction partners, activities, and places across and within days) and, if so, to what extent health limitations account for these age differences. In Study 1, we used daily diaries to investigate diversity across days among younger (N = 246; Mage = 21.8 years, SD = 2.5) and older adults (N = 119; Mage = 67.7 years, SD = 5.3). In Study 2, we investigated diversity within days employing experience sampling methods over three weeks in an adult life span sample (N = 365; range = 14-88 years). Results showed that across and within days, the daily lives of older adults were less diverse regarding their social interaction partners. Yet, older adults reported more diversity in activities within days and across days in the afternoons, whereas younger adults reported less diverse activities partly due to working or studying more often. Age differences remained statistically significant when controlling for health limitations. We conclude that age differences in the diversity of daily life are nuanced, depending on the domain and the level of analysis. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Weber
- Psychological Institute, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
| | - Martin Quintus
- Psychological Institute, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
| | - Boris Egloff
- Psychological Institute, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
| | - Gloria Luong
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University
| | | | - Cornelia Wrzus
- Psychological Institute, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
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Drewnowski A, Buszkiewicz J, Aggarwal A, Rose C, Gupta S, Bradshaw A. Obesity and the Built Environment: A Reappraisal. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:22-30. [PMID: 31782242 PMCID: PMC6986313 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The built environment (BE) has been viewed as an important determinant of health. Numerous studies have linked BE exposure, captured using a variety of methods, to diet quality and to area prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. First-generation studies defined the neighborhood BE as the area around the home. Second-generation studies turned from home-centric to person-centric BE measures, capturing an individual's movements in space and time. Those studies made effective uses of global positioning system tracking devices and mobile phones, sometimes coupled with accelerometers and remote sensors. Activity space metrics explored travel paths, modes, and destinations to assess BE exposure that was both person and context specific. However, as measures of the contextual exposome have become ever more fine-grained and increasingly complex, connections to long-term chronic diseases with complex etiologies, such as obesity, are in danger of being lost. Furthermore, few studies on obesity and the BE have included intermediate energy balance behaviors, such as diet and physical activity, or explored the potential roles of social interactions or psychosocial pathways. Emerging survey-based applications that identify habitual destinations and associated travel patterns may become the third generation of tools to capture health-relevant BE exposures in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Drewnowski
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington
| | - James Buszkiewicz
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington
| | - Anju Aggarwal
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington
| | - Chelsea Rose
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Washington
| | - Shilpi Gupta
- Center for Public Health Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Washington
| | - Annie Bradshaw
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington
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