1
|
Lipovsek M. Comparative biology of the amniote vestibular utricle. Hear Res 2024; 448:109035. [PMID: 38763033 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2024.109035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The sensory epithelia of the auditory and vestibular systems of vertebrates have shared developmental and evolutionary histories. However, while the auditory epithelia show great variation across vertebrates, the vestibular sensory epithelia appear seemingly more conserved. An exploration of the current knowledge of the comparative biology of the amniote utricle, a vestibular sensory epithelium that senses linear acceleration, shows interesting instances of variability between birds and mammals. The distribution of sensory hair cell types, the position of the line of hair bundle polarity reversal and the properties of supporting cells show marked differences, likely impacting vestibular function and hair cell regeneration potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Lipovsek
- Ear Institute, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Y, Tuttle MA, Liu Q, Pang Y. An NIR-emitting cyanine dye with pyridinium groups: the impact of regio-bond connection on the photophysical properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2208-2211. [PMID: 38304975 PMCID: PMC10878061 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06189b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Two ESIPT-based isomeric cyanines were synthesized with significant bathochromic shift in the optical absorption λabs and emission λem, along with a very large Stokes shift. Probe 2 exhibited a longer conjugation and better photostability. Both compounds exhibited good selectivity for labeling the plasma membrane of prokaryotic cells and the hair cells of zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA.
| | - Matthew A Tuttle
- Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - Yi Pang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qi J, Huang W, Lu Y, Yang X, Zhou Y, Chen T, Wang X, Yu Y, Sun JQ, Chai R. Stem Cell-Based Hair Cell Regeneration and Therapy in the Inner Ear. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:113-126. [PMID: 37787875 PMCID: PMC10774470 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01130-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss has become increasingly prevalent and causes considerable disability, thus gravely burdening the global economy. Irreversible loss of hair cells is a main cause of sensorineural hearing loss, and currently, the only relatively effective clinical treatments are limited to digital hearing equipment like cochlear implants and hearing aids, but these are of limited benefit in patients. It is therefore urgent to understand the mechanisms of damage repair in order to develop new neuroprotective strategies. At present, how to promote the regeneration of functional hair cells is a key scientific question in the field of hearing research. Multiple signaling pathways and transcriptional factors trigger the activation of hair cell progenitors and ensure the maturation of newborn hair cells, and in this article, we first review the principal mechanisms underlying hair cell reproduction. We then further discuss therapeutic strategies involving the co-regulation of multiple signaling pathways in order to induce effective functional hair cell regeneration after degeneration, and we summarize current achievements in hair cell regeneration. Lastly, we discuss potential future approaches, such as small molecule drugs and gene therapy, which might be applied for regenerating functional hair cells in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Wenjuan Huang
- Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yicheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xuehan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yinyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Tian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yafeng Yu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Jia-Qiang Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Haigis AC, Vergauwen L, LaLone CA, Villeneuve DL, O'Brien JM, Knapen D. Cross-species applicability of an adverse outcome pathway network for thyroid hormone system disruption. Toxicol Sci 2023; 195:1-27. [PMID: 37405877 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone system disrupting compounds are considered potential threats for human and environmental health. Multiple adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) for thyroid hormone system disruption (THSD) are being developed in different taxa. Combining these AOPs results in a cross-species AOP network for THSD which may provide an evidence-based foundation for extrapolating THSD data across vertebrate species and bridging the gap between human and environmental health. This review aimed to advance the description of the taxonomic domain of applicability (tDOA) in the network to improve its utility for cross-species extrapolation. We focused on the molecular initiating events (MIEs) and adverse outcomes (AOs) and evaluated both their plausible domain of applicability (taxa they are likely applicable to) and empirical domain of applicability (where evidence for applicability to various taxa exists) in a THSD context. The evaluation showed that all MIEs in the AOP network are applicable to mammals. With some exceptions, there was evidence of structural conservation across vertebrate taxa and especially for fish and amphibians, and to a lesser extent for birds, empirical evidence was found. Current evidence supports the applicability of impaired neurodevelopment, neurosensory development (eg, vision) and reproduction across vertebrate taxa. The results of this tDOA evaluation are summarized in a conceptual AOP network that helps prioritize (parts of) AOPs for a more detailed evaluation. In conclusion, this review advances the tDOA description of an existing THSD AOP network and serves as a catalog summarizing plausible and empirical evidence on which future cross-species AOP development and tDOA assessment could build.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Cathrin Haigis
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Carlie A LaLone
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, USA
| | - Daniel L Villeneuve
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota 55804, USA
| | - Jason M O'Brien
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Dries Knapen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baeza-Loya S, Raible DW. Vestibular physiology and function in zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1172933. [PMID: 37143895 PMCID: PMC10151581 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1172933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The vestibular system of the inner ear provides information about head motion and spatial orientation relative to gravity to ensure gaze stability, balance, and postural control. Zebrafish, like humans, have five sensory patches per ear that serve as peripheral vestibular organs, with the addition of the lagena and macula neglecta. The zebrafish inner ear can be easily studied due to its accessible location, the transparent tissue of larval fish, and the early development of vestibular behaviors. Thus, zebrafish are an excellent model for studying the development, physiology, and function of the vestibular system. Recent work has made great strides to elucidate vestibular neural circuitry in fish, tracing sensory transmission from receptors in the periphery to central computational circuits driving vestibular reflexes. Here we highlight recent work that illuminates the functional organization of vestibular sensory epithelia, innervating first-order afferent neurons, and second-order neuronal targets in the hindbrain. Using a combination of genetic, anatomical, electrophysiological, and optical techniques, these studies have probed the roles of vestibular sensory signals in fish gaze, postural, and swimming behaviors. We discuss remaining questions in vestibular development and organization that are tractable in the zebrafish model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David W. Raible
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology-HNS and Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fogliano C, Motta CM, Avallone B. Salicylate attenuates gentamicin-induced ototoxicity and facilitates the recovery in the basilar papilla of the lizard Podarcis siculus. Neurotoxicology 2022; 93:301-310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
7
|
Lu X, Yu H, Ma J, Wang K, Guo L, Zhang Y, Li B, Zhao Z, Li H, Sun S. Loss of Mst1/2 activity promotes non-mitotic hair cell generation in the neonatal organ of Corti. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:64. [PMID: 36280668 PMCID: PMC9592590 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian sensory hair cells (HCs) have limited capacity for regeneration, which leads to permanent hearing loss after HC death. Here, we used in vitro RNA-sequencing to show that the Hippo signaling pathway is involved in HC damage and self-repair processes. Turning off Hippo signaling through Mst1/2 inhibition or Yap overexpression induces YAP nuclear accumulation, especially in supporting cells, which induces supernumerary HC production and HC regeneration after injury. Mechanistically, these effects of Hippo signaling work synergistically with the Notch pathway. Importantly, the supernumerary HCs not only express HC markers, but also have cilia structures that are able to form neural connections to auditory regions in vivo. Taken together, regulating Hippo suggests new strategies for promoting cochlear supporting cell proliferation, HC regeneration, and reconnection with neurons in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Lu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Fudan University, 200031 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Huiqian Yu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Fudan University, 200031 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jiaoyao Ma
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Fudan University, 200031 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Kunkun Wang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Fudan University, 200031 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Luo Guo
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Fudan University, 200031 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Fudan University, 200031 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Boan Li
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233Xiamen University School of Life Sciences, 361100 Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Zehang Zhao
- grid.12955.3a0000 0001 2264 7233Xiamen University School of Life Sciences, 361100 Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Huawei Li
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Fudan University, 200031 Shanghai, P. R. China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, P. R. China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Sun
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Fudan University, 200031 Shanghai, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ding X, Hu Y, Cheng H, Zhang X, Lu L, Gao S, Cheng C, Wang L, Qian X, Zhang C, Chai R, Gao X, Huang Z. Graphene Substrates Promote the Differentiation of Inner Ear Lgr5+ Progenitor Cells Into Hair Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:927248. [PMID: 35814013 PMCID: PMC9256972 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.927248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The ideal treatment for sensory hearing loss is to regenerate inner ear hair cells (HCs) through stem cell therapy, thereby restoring the function and structure of the cochlea. Previous studies have found that Lgr5+ supporting cells (SCs) in the inner ear can regenerate HCs, thus being considered inner ear progenitor cells. In addition to traditional biochemical factors, physical factors such as electrical conductivity also play a crucial role in the regulation of stem cell proliferation and differentiation. In this study, the graphene substrates were used to culture Lgr5+ progenitor cells and investigated their regulatory effects on cells. It was demonstrated that the graphene substrates displayed great cytocompatibility for Lgr5+ progenitors and promoted their sphere-forming ability. Moreover, more Myosin7a+ cells were found on the graphene substrates compared with tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). These results suggest that graphene is an efficient interface that can promote the differentiation of Lgr5+ progenitors into HCs, which is great significance for its future application in combination with Lgr5+ cells to regenerate HCs in the inner ear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Ding
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangnan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Lifen Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Qian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Renjie Chai, ; Xia Gao, ; Zhichun Huang,
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Drum Tower Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Renjie Chai, ; Xia Gao, ; Zhichun Huang,
| | - Zhichun Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Renjie Chai, ; Xia Gao, ; Zhichun Huang,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Maudoux A, Vitry S, El-Amraoui A. Vestibular Deficits in Deafness: Clinical Presentation, Animal Modeling, and Treatment Solutions. Front Neurol 2022; 13:816534. [PMID: 35444606 PMCID: PMC9013928 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.816534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The inner ear is responsible for both hearing and balance. These functions are dependent on the correct functioning of mechanosensitive hair cells, which convert sound- and motion-induced stimuli into electrical signals conveyed to the brain. During evolution of the inner ear, the major changes occurred in the hearing organ, whereas the structure of the vestibular organs remained constant in all vertebrates over the same period. Vestibular deficits are highly prevalent in humans, due to multiple intersecting causes: genetics, environmental factors, ototoxic drugs, infections and aging. Studies of deafness genes associated with balance deficits and their corresponding animal models have shed light on the development and function of these two sensory systems. Bilateral vestibular deficits often impair individual postural control, gaze stabilization, locomotion and spatial orientation. The resulting dizziness, vertigo, and/or falls (frequent in elderly populations) greatly affect patient quality of life. In the absence of treatment, prosthetic devices, such as vestibular implants, providing information about the direction, amplitude and velocity of body movements, are being developed and have given promising results in animal models and humans. Novel methods and techniques have led to major progress in gene therapies targeting the inner ear (gene supplementation and gene editing), 3D inner ear organoids and reprograming protocols for generating hair cell-like cells. These rapid advances in multiscale approaches covering basic research, clinical diagnostics and therapies are fostering interdisciplinary research to develop personalized treatments for vestibular disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Maudoux
- Unit Progressive Sensory Disorders, Pathophysiology and Therapy, Institut Pasteur, Institut de l'Audition, Université de Paris, INSERM-UMRS1120, Paris, France
- Center for Balance Evaluation in Children (EFEE), Otolaryngology Department, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Robert-Debré University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Vitry
- Unit Progressive Sensory Disorders, Pathophysiology and Therapy, Institut Pasteur, Institut de l'Audition, Université de Paris, INSERM-UMRS1120, Paris, France
| | - Aziz El-Amraoui
- Unit Progressive Sensory Disorders, Pathophysiology and Therapy, Institut Pasteur, Institut de l'Audition, Université de Paris, INSERM-UMRS1120, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
He Z, Ding Y, Mu Y, Xu X, Kong W, Chai R, Chen X. Stem Cell-Based Therapies in Hearing Loss. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:730042. [PMID: 34746126 PMCID: PMC8567027 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.730042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, neural stem cell transplantation has received widespread attention as a new treatment method for supplementing specific cells damaged by disease, such as neurodegenerative diseases. A number of studies have proved that the transplantation of neural stem cells in multiple organs has an important therapeutic effect on activation and regeneration of cells, and restore damaged neurons. This article describes the methods for inducing the differentiation of endogenous and exogenous stem cells, the implantation operation and regulation of exogenous stem cells after implanted into the inner ear, and it elaborates the relevant signal pathways of stem cells in the inner ear, as well as the clinical application of various new materials. At present, stem cell therapy still has limitations, but the role of this technology in the treatment of hearing diseases has been widely recognized. With the development of related research, stem cell therapy will play a greater role in the treatment of diseases related to the inner ear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuhong He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanyan Ding
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yurong Mu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weijia Kong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiong Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Holmgren M, Ravicz ME, Hancock KE, Strelkova O, Kallogjeri D, Indzhykulian AA, Warchol ME, Sheets L. Mechanical overstimulation causes acute injury and synapse loss followed by fast recovery in lateral-line neuromasts of larval zebrafish. eLife 2021; 10:69264. [PMID: 34665127 PMCID: PMC8555980 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess noise damages sensory hair cells, resulting in loss of synaptic connections with auditory nerves and, in some cases, hair-cell death. The cellular mechanisms underlying mechanically induced hair-cell damage and subsequent repair are not completely understood. Hair cells in neuromasts of larval zebrafish are structurally and functionally comparable to mammalian hair cells but undergo robust regeneration following ototoxic damage. We therefore developed a model for mechanically induced hair-cell damage in this highly tractable system. Free swimming larvae exposed to strong water wave stimulus for 2 hr displayed mechanical injury to neuromasts, including afferent neurite retraction, damaged hair bundles, and reduced mechanotransduction. Synapse loss was observed in apparently intact exposed neuromasts, and this loss was exacerbated by inhibiting glutamate uptake. Mechanical damage also elicited an inflammatory response and macrophage recruitment. Remarkably, neuromast hair-cell morphology and mechanotransduction recovered within hours following exposure, suggesting severely damaged neuromasts undergo repair. Our results indicate functional changes and synapse loss in mechanically damaged lateral-line neuromasts that share key features of damage observed in noise-exposed mammalian ear. Yet, unlike the mammalian ear, mechanical damage to neuromasts is rapidly reversible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Holmgren
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - Michael E Ravicz
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Kenneth E Hancock
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Olga Strelkova
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Dorina Kallogjeri
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - Artur A Indzhykulian
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Mark E Warchol
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States
| | - Lavinia Sheets
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, United States.,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gómez-Dorado M, Daudet N, Gale JE, Dawson SJ. Differential regulation of mammalian and avian ATOH1 by E2F1 and its implication for hair cell regeneration in the inner ear. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19368. [PMID: 34588543 PMCID: PMC8481459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98816-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian inner ear has a limited capacity to regenerate its mechanosensory hair cells. This lack of regenerative capacity underlies the high incidence of age-related hearing loss in humans. In contrast, non-mammalian vertebrates can form new hair cells when damage occurs, a mechanism that depends on re-activation of expression of the pro-hair cell transcription factor Atoh1. Here, we show that members of the E2F transcription factor family, known to play a key role in cell cycle progression, regulate the expression of Atoh1. E2F1 activates chicken Atoh1 by directly interacting with a cis-regulatory region distal to the avian Atoh1 gene. E2F does not activate mouse Atoh1 gene expression, since this regulatory element is absent in mammals. We also show that E2F1 expression changes dynamically in the chicken auditory epithelium during ototoxic damage and hair cell regeneration. Therefore, we propose a model in which the mitotic regeneration of non-mammalian hair cells is due to E2F1-mediated activation of Atoh1 expression, a mechanism which has been lost in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Daudet
- UCL Ear Institute, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK
| | - Jonathan E Gale
- UCL Ear Institute, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK
| | - Sally J Dawson
- UCL Ear Institute, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London, WC1X 8EE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu Q, Zhang L, Zhu MS, Wan G. High-throughput screening on cochlear organoids identifies VEGFR-MEK-TGFB1 signaling promoting hair cell reprogramming. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:2257-2273. [PMID: 34525385 PMCID: PMC8452601 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair cell degeneration is a major cause of sensorineural hearing loss. Hair cells in mammalian cochlea do not spontaneously regenerate, posing a great challenge for restoration of hearing. Here, we establish a robust, high-throughput cochlear organoid platform that facilitates 3D expansion of cochlear progenitor cells and differentiation of hair cells in a temporally regulated manner. High-throughput screening of the FDA-approved drug library identified regorafenib, a VEGFR inhibitor, as a potent small molecule for hair cell differentiation. Regorafenib also promotes reprogramming and maturation of hair cells in both normal and neomycin-damaged cochlear explants. Mechanistically, inhibition of VEGFR suppresses TGFB1 expression via the MEK pathway and TGFB1 downregulation directly mediates the effect of regorafenib on hair cell reprogramming. Our study not only demonstrates the power of a cochlear organoid platform in high-throughput analyses of hair cell physiology but also highlights VEGFR-MEK-TGFB1 signaling crosstalk as a potential target for hair cell regeneration and hearing restoration. Cochlear organoids can be derived from both LGR5+ and LGR5– supporting cells HTS using cochlear organoids identifies regorafenib for hair cell differentiation Regorafenib promotes hair cell reprogramming and maturation in cochlear explants Regorafenib acts via a NOTCH-independent and VEGFR-MEK-TGFB1-dependent mechanism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210032, China
| | - Linqing Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210032, China
| | - Min-Sheng Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210032, China
| | - Guoqiang Wan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210032, China; Research Institute of Otolaryngology, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, 210008 Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210032, China; Institute for Brain Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kempfle JS. Endoscopic-Assisted Drug Delivery for Inner Ear Regeneration. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2021; 54:189-200. [PMID: 33243375 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss is caused by irreversible loss of auditory hair cells and/or neurons and is increasing in prevalence. Hair cells and neurons do not regenerate after damage, but novel regeneration therapies based on small molecule drugs, gene therapy, and cell replacement strategies offer promising therapeutic options. Endogenous and exogenous regeneration techniques are discussed in context of their feasibility for hair cell and neuron regeneration. Gene therapy and treatment of synaptopathy represent promising future therapies. Minimally invasive endoscopic ear surgery offers a viable approach to aid in delivery of pharmacologic compounds, cells, or viral vectors to the inner ear for all of these techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith S Kempfle
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, C360, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jan TA, Eltawil Y, Ling AH, Chen L, Ellwanger DC, Heller S, Cheng AG. Spatiotemporal dynamics of inner ear sensory and non-sensory cells revealed by single-cell transcriptomics. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109358. [PMID: 34260939 PMCID: PMC8378666 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The utricle is a vestibular sensory organ that requires mechanosensitive hair cells to detect linear acceleration. In neonatal mice, new hair cells are derived from non-sensory supporting cells, yet cell type diversity and mechanisms of cell addition remain poorly characterized. Here, we perform computational analyses on single-cell transcriptomes to categorize cell types and resolve 14 individual sensory and non-sensory subtypes. Along the periphery of the sensory epithelium, we uncover distinct groups of transitional epithelial cells, marked by Islr, Cnmd, and Enpep expression. By reconstructing de novo trajectories and gene dynamics, we show that as the utricle expands, Islr+ transitional epithelial cells exhibit a dynamic and proliferative phase to generate new supporting cells, followed by coordinated differentiation into hair cells. Taken together, our study reveals a sequential and coordinated process by which non-sensory epithelial cells contribute to growth of the postnatal mouse sensory epithelium. The postnatal mouse utricle expands by more than 35% and doubles its number of hair cells during the first 8 days. Using single-cell transcriptomics, Jan et al. show that the surrounding transitional epithelial cells proliferate and contribute to the expansion of the sensory epithelium through a stepwise differentiation mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taha A Jan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Yasmin Eltawil
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Angela H Ling
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Leon Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel C Ellwanger
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Genome Analysis Unit, Amgen Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Stefan Heller
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Alan G Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abdul-Aziz D, Hathiramani N, Phung L, Sykopetrites V, Edge ASB. HIC1 Represses Atoh1 Transcription and Hair Cell Differentiation in the Cochlea. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:797-809. [PMID: 33770497 PMCID: PMC8072069 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Across species, expression of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor ATOH1 promotes differentiation of cochlear supporting cells to sensory hair cells required for hearing. In mammals, this process is limited to development, whereas nonmammalian vertebrates can also regenerate hair cells after injury. The mechanistic basis for this difference is not fully understood. Hypermethylated in cancer 1 (HIC1) is a transcriptional repressor known to inhibit Atoh1 in the cerebellum. We therefore investigated its potential role in cochlear hair cell differentiation. We find that Hic1 is expressed throughout the postnatal murine cochlear sensory epithelium. In cochlear organoids, Hic1 knockdown induces Atoh1 expression and promotes hair cell differentiation, while Hic1 overexpression hinders differentiation. Wild-type HIC1, but not the DNA-binding mutant C521S, suppresses activity of the Atoh1 autoregulatory enhancer and blocks its responsiveness to β-catenin activation. Our findings reveal the importance of HIC1 repression of Atoh1 in the cochlea, which may be targeted to promote hair cell regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dunia Abdul-Aziz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Eaton Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Lauren Phung
- Eaton Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vittoria Sykopetrites
- Eaton Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Albert S B Edge
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Eaton Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Borse V, Barton M, Arndt H, Kaur T, Warchol ME. Dynamic patterns of YAP1 expression and cellular localization in the developing and injured utricle. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2140. [PMID: 33495483 PMCID: PMC7835353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77775-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is a key regulator of tissue development and regeneration. Activation of the Hippo pathway leads to nuclear translocation of the YAP1 transcriptional coactivator, resulting in changes in gene expression and cell cycle entry. Recent studies have demonstrated the nuclear translocation of YAP1 during the development of the sensory organs of the inner ear, but the possible role of YAP1 in sensory regeneration of the inner ear is unclear. The present study characterized the cellular localization of YAP1 in the utricles of mice and chicks, both under normal conditions and after HC injury. During neonatal development, YAP1 expression was observed in the cytoplasm of supporting cells, and was transiently expressed in the cytoplasm of some differentiating hair cells. We also observed temporary nuclear translocation of YAP1 in supporting cells of the mouse utricle after short periods in organotypic culture. However, little or no nuclear translocation of YAP1 was observed in the utricles of neonatal or mature mice after ototoxic injury. In contrast, substantial YAP1 nuclear translocation was observed in the chicken utricle after streptomycin treatment in vitro and in vivo. Together, these data suggest that differences in YAP1 signaling may partially account for the differing regenerative abilities of the avian vs. mammalian inner ear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Borse
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, Box 8115, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Matthew Barton
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, Box 8115, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Harry Arndt
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, Box 8115, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tejbeer Kaur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Nebraska, USA
| | - Mark E Warchol
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis, 660 South Euclid Ave, Box 8115, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Warchol ME, Schrader A, Sheets L. Macrophages Respond Rapidly to Ototoxic Injury of Lateral Line Hair Cells but Are Not Required for Hair Cell Regeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 14:613246. [PMID: 33488362 PMCID: PMC7820375 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.613246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The sensory organs of the inner ear contain resident populations of macrophages, which are recruited to sites of cellular injury. Such macrophages are known to phagocytose the debris of dying cells but the full role of macrophages in otic pathology is not understood. Lateral line neuromasts of zebrafish contain hair cells that are nearly identical to those in the inner ear, and the optical clarity of larval zebrafish permits direct imaging of cellular interactions. In this study, we used larval zebrafish to characterize the response of macrophages to ototoxic injury of lateral line hair cells. Macrophages migrated into neuromasts within 20 min of exposure to the ototoxic antibiotic neomycin. The number of macrophages in the near vicinity of injured neuromasts was similar to that observed near uninjured neuromasts, suggesting that this early inflammatory response was mediated by "local" macrophages. Upon entering injured neuromasts, macrophages actively phagocytosed hair cell debris. The injury-evoked migration of macrophages was significantly reduced by inhibition of Src-family kinases. Using chemical-genetic ablation of macrophages before the ototoxic injury, we also examined whether macrophages were essential for the initiation of hair cell regeneration. Results revealed only minor differences in hair cell recovery in macrophage-depleted vs. control fish, suggesting that macrophages are not essential for the regeneration of lateral line hair cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark E. Warchol
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Angela Schrader
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Lavinia Sheets
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Farnoosh G, Mahmoudian-Sani MR. Effects of Growth Factors and the MicroRNA-183 Family on Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Towards Auditory Neuron-Like Cells. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 13:79-89. [PMID: 32982315 PMCID: PMC7490102 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s248526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Hearing Loss (HL) is known as the most common sensory processing disorder across the world. An effective treatment which has been currently used for patients suffering from this condition is cochlear implant (CI). The major limitation of this treatment is the need for a healthy auditory neuron (AN). Accordingly, mesenchymal cells (MCs) are regarded as good candidates for cell-based therapeutic approaches. The present study aimed to investigate the potentials of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) for differentiation towards ANs along with using treatments with growth factors and microRNA (miRNA) transfection in vitro. Methods To this end, neurospheres derived from hBM-MSCs were treated via basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as growth factors N2 and B27 supplements, as well as miRNA-96, -182, -183 transfected into hBM-MSCs in order to evaluate the differentiation of such cells into ANs. Results Treatments with growth factors demonstrated a significant increase in neurogenin 1 (Ngn1) and sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) markers; but tubulin, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) markers were not statistically significant. The findings also revealed that miRNA-182 expression in miRNA-183 family could boost the expressions of some AN marker (ie, Ngn1, SOX2, peripherin, and nestin) in vitro. Discussion It can be concluded that miRNA is probably a good substitute for growth factors used in differentiating into ANs. Transdifferentiation of hBM-MSCs into ANs, which does not occur under normal conditions, may be thus facilitated by miRNAs, especially miRNA-182, or via a combination of miRNA and growth factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Farnoosh
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Mahmoudian-Sani
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
LIN28B/ let-7 control the ability of neonatal murine auditory supporting cells to generate hair cells through mTOR signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:22225-22236. [PMID: 32826333 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000417117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechano-sensory hair cells within the inner ear cochlea are essential for the detection of sound. In mammals, cochlear hair cells are only produced during development and their loss, due to disease or trauma, is a leading cause of deafness. In the immature cochlea, prior to the onset of hearing, hair cell loss stimulates neighboring supporting cells to act as hair cell progenitors and produce new hair cells. However, for reasons unknown, such regenerative capacity (plasticity) is lost once supporting cells undergo maturation. Here, we demonstrate that the RNA binding protein LIN28B plays an important role in the production of hair cells by supporting cells and provide evidence that the developmental drop in supporting cell plasticity in the mammalian cochlea is, at least in part, a product of declining LIN28B-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity. Employing murine cochlear organoid and explant cultures to model mitotic and nonmitotic mechanisms of hair cell generation, we show that loss of LIN28B function, due to its conditional deletion, or due to overexpression of the antagonistic miRNA let-7g, suppressed Akt-mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) activity and renders young, immature supporting cells incapable of generating hair cells. Conversely, we found that LIN28B overexpression increased Akt-mTORC1 activity and allowed supporting cells that were undergoing maturation to de-differentiate into progenitor-like cells and to produce hair cells via mitotic and nonmitotic mechanisms. Finally, using the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin, we demonstrate that LIN28B promotes supporting cell plasticity in an mTORC1-dependent manner.
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang Y, Urioste RT, Wei Y, Wilder DM, Arun P, Sajja V, Gist ID, Fitzgerald TS, Chang W, Kelley MW, Long JB. Blast-induced hearing impairment in rats is associated with structural and molecular changes of the inner ear. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10652. [PMID: 32606369 PMCID: PMC7327022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67389-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Auditory dysfunction is the most prevalent injury associated with blast overpressure exposure (BOP) in Warfighters and civilians, yet little is known about the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. To gain insights into these injuries, an advanced blast simulator was used to expose rats to BOP and assessments were made to identify structural and molecular changes in the middle/inner ears utilizing otoscopy, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and histopathological analysis. Deficits persisting up to 1 month after blast exposure were observed in the distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and the auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) across the entire range of tested frequencies (4–40 kHz). During the recovery phase at sub-acute time points, low frequency (e.g. 4–8 kHz) hearing improved relatively earlier than for high frequency (e.g. 32–40 kHz). Perforation of tympanic membranes and middle ear hemorrhage were observed at 1 and 7 days, and were restored by day 28 post-blast. A total of 1,158 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly altered in the cochlea on day 1 (40% up-regulated and 60% down-regulated), whereas only 49 DEGs were identified on day 28 (63% up-regulated and 37% down-regulated). Seven common DEGs were identified at both days 1 and 28 following blast, and are associated with inner ear mechanotransduction, cytoskeletal reorganization, myelin development and axon survival. Further studies on altered gene expression in the blast-injured rat cochlea may provide insights into new therapeutic targets and approaches to prevent or treat similar cases of blast-induced auditory damage in human subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Blast-Induced Neurotrauma Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Rodrigo T Urioste
- Blast-Induced Neurotrauma Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yanling Wei
- Blast-Induced Neurotrauma Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Donna M Wilder
- Blast-Induced Neurotrauma Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peethambaran Arun
- Blast-Induced Neurotrauma Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Venkatasivasaisujith Sajja
- Blast-Induced Neurotrauma Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Irene D Gist
- Blast-Induced Neurotrauma Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Weise Chang
- Section on Developmental Neuroscience, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew W Kelley
- Section on Developmental Neuroscience, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joseph B Long
- Blast-Induced Neurotrauma Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xia M, Chen Y, He Y, Li H, Li W. Activation of the RhoA-YAP-β-catenin signaling axis promotes the expansion of inner ear progenitor cells in 3D culture. Stem Cells 2020; 38:860-874. [PMID: 32159914 PMCID: PMC7383802 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cellular mechanotransduction plays an essential role in the development and differentiation of many cell types, but if and how mechanical cues from the extracellular matrix (ECM) influence the fate determination of inner ear progenitor cells (IEPCs) remains largely unknown. In the current study, we compared the biological behavior of IEPCs in Matrigel-based suspension and encapsulated culture systems, and we found that the mechanical cues from the ECM promote the survival and expansion of IEPCs. Furthermore, we found that the mechanical cues from the ECM induced the accumulation of Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) and caused the polymerization of actin cytoskeleton in IEPCs. These changes in turn resulted in increased Yes-associated protein (YAP) nuclear localization and enhanced expansion of IEPCs, at least partially through upregulating the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. We therefore provide the first demonstration that the RhoA-YAP-β-catenin signaling axis senses and transduces mechanical cues from the ECM and plays crucial roles in promoting the expansion of IEPCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Xia
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of the Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of the Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingzi He
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of the Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huawei Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of the Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyan Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of the Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hoa M, Olszewski R, Li X, Taukulis I, Gu S, DeTorres A, Lopez IA, Linthicum FH, Ishiyama A, Martin D, Morell RJ, Kelley MW. Characterizing Adult Cochlear Supporting Cell Transcriptional Diversity Using Single-Cell RNA-Seq: Validation in the Adult Mouse and Translational Implications for the Adult Human Cochlea. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:13. [PMID: 32116546 PMCID: PMC7012811 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is a problem that impacts a significant proportion of the adult population. Cochlear hair cell (HC) loss due to loud noise, chemotherapy and aging is the major underlying cause. A significant proportion of these individuals are dissatisfied with available treatment options which include hearing aids and cochlear implants. An alternative approach to restore hearing would be to regenerate HCs. Such therapy would require a recapitulation of the complex architecture of the organ of Corti, necessitating regeneration of both mature HCs and supporting cells (SCs). Transcriptional profiles of the mature cell types in the cochlea are necessary to can provide a metric for eventual regeneration therapies. To assist in this effort, we sought to provide the first single-cell characterization of the adult cochlear SC transcriptome. We performed single-cell RNA-Seq on FACS-purified adult cochlear SCs from the LfngEGFP adult mouse, in which SCs express GFP. We demonstrate that adult cochlear SCs are transcriptionally distinct from their perinatal counterparts. We establish cell-type-specific adult cochlear SC transcriptome profiles, and we validate these expression profiles through a combination of both fluorescent immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization co-localization and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of adult cochlear SCs. Furthermore, we demonstrate the relevance of these profiles to the adult human cochlea through immunofluorescent human temporal bone histopathology. Finally, we demonstrate cell cycle regulator expression in adult SCs and perform pathway analyses to identify potential mechanisms for facilitating mitotic regeneration (cell proliferation, differentiation, and eventually regeneration) in the adult mammalian cochlea. Our findings demonstrate the importance of characterizing mature as opposed to perinatal SCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hoa
- Auditory Restoration and Development Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rafal Olszewski
- Auditory Restoration and Development Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Auditory Restoration and Development Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ian Taukulis
- Auditory Restoration and Development Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shoujun Gu
- Auditory Restoration and Development Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alvin DeTorres
- Auditory Restoration and Development Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ivan A Lopez
- National Temporal Bone Laboratory at UCLA, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Inner Ear Laboratory, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Fred H Linthicum
- National Temporal Bone Laboratory at UCLA, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Inner Ear Laboratory, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Akira Ishiyama
- National Temporal Bone Laboratory at UCLA, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Inner Ear Laboratory, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Martin
- Biomedical Research Informatics Office, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Robert J Morell
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matthew W Kelley
- Laboratory of Cochlear Development, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wan L, Lovett M, Warchol ME, Stone JS. Vascular endothelial growth factor is required for regeneration of auditory hair cells in the avian inner ear. Hear Res 2020; 385:107839. [PMID: 31760261 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.107839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hair cells in the auditory organ of the vertebrate inner ear are the sensory receptors that convert acoustic stimuli into electrical signals that are conveyed along the auditory nerve to the brainstem. Hair cells are highly susceptible to ototoxic drugs, infection, and acoustic trauma, which can cause cellular degeneration. In mammals, hair cells that are lost after damage are not replaced, leading to permanent hearing impairments. By contrast, supporting cells in birds and other non-mammalian vertebrates regenerate hair cells after damage, which restores hearing function. The cellular mechanisms that regulate hair cell regeneration are not well understood. We investigated the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) during regeneration of auditory hair cells in chickens after ototoxic injury. Using RNA-Seq, immunolabeling, and in situ hybridization, we found that VEGFA, VEGFC, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3 were expressed in the auditory epithelium, with VEGFA expressed in hair cells and VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 expressed in supporting cells. Using organotypic cultures of the chicken cochlear duct, we found that blocking VEGF receptor activity during hair cell injury reduced supporting cell proliferation as well as the numbers of regenerated hair cells. By contrast, addition of recombinant human VEGFA to organ cultures caused an increase in both supporting cell division and hair cell regeneration. VEGF's effects on supporting cells were preserved in isolated supporting cell cultures, indicating that VEGF can act directly upon supporting cells. These observations demonstrate a heretofore uncharacterized function for VEGF signaling as a critical positive regulator of hair cell regeneration in the avian inner ear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangcai Wan
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States.
| | - Michael Lovett
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States.
| | - Mark E Warchol
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States.
| | - Jennifer S Stone
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cheng C, Wang Y, Guo L, Lu X, Zhu W, Muhammad W, Zhang L, Lu L, Gao J, Tang M, Chen F, Gao X, Li H, Chai R. Age-related transcriptome changes in Sox2+ supporting cells in the mouse cochlea. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:365. [PMID: 31791390 PMCID: PMC6889721 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inner ear supporting cells (SCs) in the neonatal mouse cochlea are a potential source for hair cell (HC) regeneration, but several studies have shown that the regeneration ability of SCs decreases dramatically as mice age and that lost HCs cannot be regenerated in adult mice. To better understand how SCs might be better used to regenerate HCs, it is important to understand how the gene expression profile changes in SCs at different ages. Methods Here, we used Sox2GFP/+ mice to isolate the Sox2+ SCs at postnatal day (P)3, P7, P14, and P30 via flow cytometry. Next, we used RNA-seq to determine the transcriptome expression profiles of P3, P7, P14, and P30 SCs. To further analyze the relationships between these age-related and differentially expressed genes in Sox2+ SCs, we performed gene ontology (GO) analysis. Results Consistent with previous reports, we also found that the proliferation and HC regeneration ability of isolated Sox2+ SCs significantly decreased as mice aged. We identified numerous genes that are enriched and differentially expressed in Sox2+ SCs at four different postnatal ages, including cell cycle genes, signaling pathway genes, and transcription factors that might be involved in regulating the proliferation and HC differentiation ability of SCs. We thus present a set of genes that might regulate the proliferation and HC regeneration ability of SCs, and these might serve as potential new therapeutic targets for HC regeneration. Conclusions In our research, we found several genes that might play an important role in regulating the proliferation and HC regeneration ability of SCs. These datasets are expected to serve as a resource to provide potential new therapeutic targets for regulating the ability of SCs to regenerate HCs in postnatal mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.,Research Institute of Otolaryngology, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- Shanghai Fenyang Vision & Audition Center, Shanghai, China.,ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Room 611, Building 9, No. 83, Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Luo Guo
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Room 611, Building 9, No. 83, Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaoling Lu
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Room 611, Building 9, No. 83, Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Weijie Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Waqas Muhammad
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.,Department of Biotechnology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Liyan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Junyan Gao
- Jiangsu Rehabilitation Research Center for Hearing and Speech Impairment, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Fangyi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Huawei Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Room 611, Building 9, No. 83, Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Renjie Chai
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of NHFPC, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear Implant, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Room 611, Building 9, No. 83, Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China. .,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Novel insights into inner ear development and regeneration for targeted hearing loss therapies. Hear Res 2019; 397:107859. [PMID: 31810596 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.107859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss is the most common sensory deficit in humans. Despite the global scale of the problem, only limited treatment options are available today. The mammalian inner ear is a highly specialized postmitotic organ, which lacks proliferative or regenerative capacity. Since the discovery of hair cell regeneration in non-mammalian species however, much attention has been placed on identifying possible strategies to reactivate similar responses in humans. The development of successful regenerative approaches for hearing loss strongly depends on a detailed understanding of the mechanisms that control human inner ear cellular specification, differentiation and function, as well as on the development of robust in vitro cellular assays, based on human inner ear cells, to study these processes and optimize therapeutic interventions. We summarize here some aspects of inner ear development and strategies to induce regeneration that have been investigated in rodents. Moreover, we discuss recent findings in human inner ear development and compare the results with findings from animal models. Finally, we provide an overview of strategies for in vitro generation of human sensory cells from pluripotent and somatic progenitors that may provide a platform for drug development and validation of therapeutic strategies in vitro.
Collapse
|
27
|
Lozier NR, Sisneros JA. Reproductive-state dependent changes in saccular hair cell density of the vocal male plainfin midshipman fish. Hear Res 2019; 383:107805. [PMID: 31614292 PMCID: PMC10448504 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2019.107805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The plainfin midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus) is a nocturnal, seasonally breeding, intertidal-nesting teleost fish that produces social acoustic signals for intraspecific communication. Type I or "nesting" males produce agonistic and reproductive-related acoustic signals including a multiharmonic advertisement call during the summer breeding season. Previous work showed that type I male auditory sensitivity of the saccule, the primary midshipman auditory end organ, changes seasonally with reproductive state such that reproductive males become more sensitive and better suited than nonreproductive males to detect the dominant frequencies contained within type I vocalizations. Here, we examine whether reproductive type I males also exhibit reproductive-state dependent changes in hair cell (HC) density in the three putative auditory end organs (saccule, lagena, and utricle). We show that saccular HC density was greater in reproductive type I males compared to nonreproductive type I males, and that the increase in HC density occurs throughout the saccular epithelium in both the central and marginal epithelia regions. We also show as saccular HC density increases there is a concurrent decrease in saccular support cell (SC) density in reproductive type I males with no overall change in total cell density (i.e., HC + SC). In contrast, we did not observe any seasonal changes in HC density in the utricle or lagena between nonreproductive and reproductive type I males. In addition, we compare the saccular HC densities in reproductive type I males with that of reproductive females and show that females have greater saccular HC densities, which suggest a sexually dimorphic difference in HC receptor density between the two sexual phenotypes, at least during the summer breeding season.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Lozier
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1525, USA.
| | - Joseph A Sisneros
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1525, USA; Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-1800, USA; Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-7923, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Preservation of Cells of the Organ of Corti and Innervating Dendritic Processes Following Cochlear Implantation in the Human: An Immunohistochemical Study. Otol Neurotol 2019; 39:284-293. [PMID: 29342037 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000001686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS This study evaluates the degree of preservation of hair cells, supporting cells, and innervating dendritic processes after cochlear implantation in the human using immunohistochemical methods. BACKGROUND Surgical insertion of a cochlear implant electrode induces various pathologic changes within the cochlea including insertional trauma, foreign body response, inflammation, fibrosis, and neo-osteogenesis. These changes may result in loss of residual acoustic hearing, adversely affecting the use of hybrid implants, and may result in loss of putative precursor cells, limiting the success of future regenerative protocols. METHODS Twenty-eight celloidin-embedded temporal bones from 14 patients with bilateral severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss and unilateral cochlear implants were studied. Two sections including the modiolus or basal turn from each temporal bone were stained using antineurofilament, antimyosin-VIIa, and antitubulin antibodies in both the implanted and unimplanted ears. RESULTS Inner and outer hair cells: Immunoreactivity was reduced throughout the implanted cochlea and in the unimplanted cochlea with the exception of the apical turn.Dendritic processes in the osseous spiral lamina: Immunoreactivity was significantly less along the electrode of the implanted cochlea than in the other segments.Inner and outer pillars, inner and outer spiral bundles, and Deiters' cells: Immunoreactivity was similar in the implanted and unimplanted cochleae. CONCLUSION Insertion of a cochlear implant electrode may significantly affect the inner and outer hair cells both along and apical to the electrode, and dendritic processes in the osseous spiral lamina along the electrode. There was less effect on pillar cells, Deiters' cells, and spiral bundles.
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
This review summarizes paleontological data as well as studies on the morphology, function, and molecular evolution of the cochlea of living mammals (monotremes, marsupials, and placentals). The most parsimonious scenario is an early evolution of the characteristic organ of Corti, with inner and outer hair cells and nascent electromotility. Most remaining unique features, such as loss of the lagenar macula, coiling of the cochlea, and bony laminae supporting the basilar membrane, arose later, after the separation of the monotreme lineage, but before marsupial and placental mammals diverged. The question of when hearing sensitivity first extended into the ultrasonic range (defined here as >20 kHz) remains speculative, not least because of the late appearance of the definitive mammalian middle ear. The last significant change was optimizing the operating voltage range of prestin, and thus the efficiency of the outer hair cells' amplifying action, in the placental lineage only.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Köppl
- Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all" and Research Centre Neurosensory Science, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Geoffrey A Manley
- Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all" and Research Centre Neurosensory Science, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Warchol ME. Interactions between Macrophages and the Sensory Cells of the Inner Ear. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2019; 9:cshperspect.a033555. [PMID: 30181352 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a033555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are present in most somatic tissues, where they detect and attack invading pathogens. Macrophages also participate in many nonimmune functions, particularly those related to tissue maintenance and injury response. The sensory organs of the inner ear contain resident populations of macrophages, and additional macrophages enter the ear after acoustic trauma or ototoxicity. As expected, such macrophages participate in the clearance of cellular debris. However, otic macrophages can also influence the long-term survival of both hair cells and afferent neurons after injury. The signals that recruit macrophages into the injured ear, as well as the precise contributions of macrophages to inner ear pathology, remain to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Warchol
- Department of Otolaryngology, Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
deTorres A, Olszewski RT, Lopez IA, Ishiyama A, Linthicum F, Hoa M. Supporting cell survival after cochlear implant surgery. Laryngoscope 2019; 129:E36-E40. [PMID: 30325510 PMCID: PMC6320269 DOI: 10.1002/lary.27539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Supporting cells (SCs) provide structure and maintain an environment that allows hair cells to receive and transmit signals in the auditory pathway. After insult to hair cells and ganglion cells, SCs respond by marking unsalvageable cells for death and maintain structural integrity. Although the histopathology after cochlear implantation has been described regarding hair cells and neural structures, surviving SCs in the implanted ear have not. We present a patient whose posthumous examination of an implanted cochlea demonstrated SC survival. This finding has implications for SC function in maintaining electrical hearing and candidacy for future hair cell regeneration therapies. Laryngoscope, 129:E36-E40, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvin deTorres
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rafal T. Olszewski
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Auditory Development and Restoration Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ivan A. Lopez
- UCLA School of Medicine, NIDCD National Temporal Bone Laboratory at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA School of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Inner Ear Laboratory, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Akira Ishiyama
- UCLA School of Medicine, NIDCD National Temporal Bone Laboratory at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA School of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Inner Ear Laboratory, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fred Linthicum
- UCLA School of Medicine, NIDCD National Temporal Bone Laboratory at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA School of Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Inner Ear Laboratory, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Hoa
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Washington, DC, USA
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang Y, Guo L, Lu X, Cheng C, Sun S, Li W, Zhao L, Lai C, Zhang S, Yu C, Tang M, Chen Y, Chai R, Li H. Characterization of Lgr6+ Cells as an Enriched Population of Hair Cell Progenitors Compared to Lgr5+ Cells for Hair Cell Generation in the Neonatal Mouse Cochlea. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:147. [PMID: 29867341 PMCID: PMC5961437 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair cell (HC) loss is irreversible because only very limited HC regeneration has been observed in the adult mammalian cochlea. Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates prosensory cell proliferation and differentiation during cochlear development, and Wnt activation promotes the proliferation of Lgr5+ cochlear HC progenitors in newborn mice. Similar to Lgr5, Lgr6 is also a Wnt downstream target gene. Lgr6 is reported to be present in adult stem cells in the skin, nail, tongue, lung, and mammary gland, and this protein is very important for adult stem cell maintenance in rapidly proliferating organs. Our previous studies showed that Lgr6+ cells are a subpopulation of Lgr5+ progenitor cells and that both Lgr6+ and Lgr5+ progenitors can generate Myosin7a+ HCs in vitro. Thus we hypothesized that Lgr6+ cells are an enriched population of cochlear progenitor cells. However, the detailed distinctions between the Lgr5+ and Lgr6+ progenitors are unclear. Here, we systematically compared the proliferation, HC differentiation, and detailed transcriptome expression profiles of these two progenitor populations. We found that the same number of isolated Lgr6+ progenitors generated significantly more Myosin7a+ HCs compared to Lgr5+ progenitors; however, Lgr5+ progenitors formed more epithelial colonies and more spheres than Lgr6+ progenitors in vitro. Using RNA-Seq, we compared the transcriptome differences between Lgr5+ and Lgr6+ progenitors and identified a list of significantly differential expressed genes that might regulate the proliferation and differentiation of these HC progenitors, including 4 cell cycle genes, 9 cell signaling pathway genes, and 54 transcription factors. In conclusion, we demonstrate that Lgr6+ progenitors are an enriched population of inner ear progenitors that generate more HCs compared to Lgr5+ progenitors in the newborn mouse cochlea, and the our research provides a series of genes that might regulate the proliferation of progenitors and HC generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Zhang
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luo Guo
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Lu
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shan Sun
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuijin Lai
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenjie Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline Laboratory, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Huawei Li
- ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department of Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC), Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Cochlear Implant, Shanghai, China.,The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gao J, Wang S, Tang Q, Li X, Zhang Y, Liu W, Gao Z, Yang H, Zhao RC. In Vitro Survival of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells is Enhanced in Artificial Endolymph with Moderately High Concentrations of Potassium. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:658-670. [PMID: 29631482 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for inner ear hair cell regeneration, to date, there have been no convincing reports indicating whether MSCs can survive in the cochlea for more than a few weeks, as the high levels of potassium (K+) in the endolymph (EL) are thought to be toxic to transplanted stem cells. For conditioning the EL for MSC transplantation, we conducted this in vitro study to examine the effects of artificial EL with altered K+ concentration levels, in the range of 5-153.8 mM, on proliferation, apoptosis, and morphological changes in MSCs derived from various human tissues. Our findings demonstrate that altering the K+ concentration in artificial EL could significantly influence the survival of MSCs in vitro. We discovered that K+ concentrations of 55-130 mM in artificial EL could enhance the survival of MSCs in vitro. However, MSCs exhibited reduced proliferation regardless of K+ concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Gao
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China .,2 Department of Otolaryngology Research, Translational Medicine Center , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihua Wang
- 3 Department of Cell Biology, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Tang
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China .,2 Department of Otolaryngology Research, Translational Medicine Center , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- 3 Department of Cell Biology, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China .,2 Department of Otolaryngology Research, Translational Medicine Center , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China .,2 Department of Otolaryngology Research, Translational Medicine Center , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China .,2 Department of Otolaryngology Research, Translational Medicine Center , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Yang
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China .,2 Department of Otolaryngology Research, Translational Medicine Center , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- 3 Department of Cell Biology, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Characterization of Lgr5+ progenitor cell transcriptomes in the apical and basal turns of the mouse cochlea. Oncotarget 2018; 7:41123-41141. [PMID: 27070092 PMCID: PMC5173047 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lgr5+ supporting cells (SCs) are enriched hair cell (HC) progenitors in the cochlea, and several studies have shown a difference in the proliferation and HC regeneration ability of SCs between the apical and basal turns. However, the detailed differences between the transcriptomes of the apical and basal Lgr5+ SCs have not yet been investigated. We found that when isolated by FACS, Lgr5+ cells from the apex generated significantly more HCs and had significantly higher proliferation and mitotic HC regeneration ability compared to those from the base. Next, we used microarray analysis to determine the transcriptome expression profiles of Lgr5+ progenitors from the apex and the base. We first analyzed the genes that were enriched and differentially expressed in Lgr5+ progenitors from the apex and the base. Then we analyzed the cell cycle genes and the transcription factors that might regulate the proliferation and differentiation of Lgr5+ progenitors. Lastly, to further analyze the role of differentially expressed genes and to gain an overall view of the gene network in cochlear HC regeneration, we created a protein-protein interaction network. Our datasets suggest the possible genes that might regulate the proliferation and HC regeneration ability of Lgr5+ progenitors, and these genes might provide new therapeutic targets for HC regeneration in the future.
Collapse
|
35
|
Sultemeier DR, Hoffman LF. Partial Aminoglycoside Lesions in Vestibular Epithelia Reveal Broad Sensory Dysfunction Associated with Modest Hair Cell Loss and Afferent Calyx Retraction. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:331. [PMID: 29163044 PMCID: PMC5663721 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics on hair cells have been investigated for decades, their influences on the dendrites of primary afferent neurons have not been widely studied. This is undoubtedly due to the difficulty in disassociating pathology to dendritic processes from that resulting from loss of the presynaptic hair cell. This was overcome in the present investigation through development of a preparation using Chinchilla laniger that enabled direct perilymphatic infusion. Through this strategy we unmasked gentamicin's potential effects on afferent calyces. The pathophysiology of the vestibular neuroepithelia after post-administration durations of 0.5 through 6 months was assessed using single-neuron electrophysiology, immunohistochemistry, and confocal microscopy. Hair cell densities within cristae central zones (0.5-, 1-, 2-, and 6-months) and utricle peri- and extrastriola (6-months) regions were determined, and damage to calretinin-immunoreactive calyces was quantified. Gentamicin-induced hair cell loss exhibited a profile that reflected elimination of a most-sensitive group by 0.5-months post-administration (18.2%), followed by loss of a second group (20.6%) over the subsequent 5.5 months. The total hair cell loss with this gentamicin dose (approximately 38.8%) was less than the estimated fraction of type I hair cells in the chinchilla's crista central zone (approximately 60%), indicating that viable type I hair cells remained. Extensive lesions to afferent calyces were observed at 0.5-months, though stimulus-evoked modulation was intact at this post-administration time. Widespread compromise to calyx morphology and severe attenuation of stimulus-evoked afferent discharge modulation was found at 1 month post-administration, a condition that persisted in preparations examined through the 6-month post-administration interval. Spontaneous discharge was robust at all post-administration intervals. All calretinin-positive calyces had retracted at 2 and 6 months post-administration. We found no evidence of morphologic or physiologic recovery. These results indicate that gentamicin-induced partial lesions to vestibular epithelia include hair cell loss (ostensibly reflecting an apoptotic effect) that is far less extensive than the compromise to stimulus-evoked afferent discharge modulation and retraction of afferent calyces (reflecting non-apoptotic effects). Additionally, calyx retraction cannot be completely accounted for by loss of type I hair cells, supporting the possibility for direct action of gentamicin on the afferent dendrite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R. Sultemeier
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Larry F. Hoffman
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chaves PP, Valdoria CM, Amorim MCP, Vasconcelos RO. Ontogenetic development of the inner ear saccule and utricle in the Lusitanian toadfish: Potential implications for auditory sensitivity. Hear Res 2017; 353:112-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
37
|
Warchol ME, Stone J, Barton M, Ku J, Veile R, Daudet N, Lovett M. ADAM10 and γ-secretase regulate sensory regeneration in the avian vestibular organs. Dev Biol 2017; 428:39-51. [PMID: 28526588 PMCID: PMC5873298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The loss of sensory hair cells from the inner ear is a leading cause of hearing and balance disorders. The mammalian ear has a very limited ability to replace lost hair cells, but the inner ears of non-mammalian vertebrates can spontaneously regenerate hair cells after injury. Prior studies have shown that replacement hair cells are derived from epithelial supporting cells and that the differentiation of new hair cells is regulated by the Notch signaling pathway. The present study examined molecular influences on regeneration in the avian utricle, which has a particularly robust regenerative ability. Chicken utricles were placed in organotypic culture and hair cells were lesioned by application of the ototoxic antibiotic streptomycin. Cultures were then allowed to regenerate in vitro for seven days. Some specimens were treated with small molecule inhibitors of γ-secretase or ADAM10, proteases which are essential for transmission of Notch signaling. As expected, treatment with both inhibitors led to increased numbers of replacement hair cells. However, we also found that inhibition of both proteases resulted in increased regenerative proliferation. Subsequent experiments showed that inhibition of γ-secretase or ADAM10 could also trigger proliferation in undamaged utricles. To better understand these phenomena, we used RNA-Seq profiling to characterize changes in gene expression following γ-secretase inhibition. We observed expression patterns that were consistent with Notch pathway inhibition, but we also found that the utricular sensory epithelium contains numerous γ-secretase substrates that might regulate cell cycle entry and possibly supporting cell-to-hair cell conversion. Together, our data suggest multiple roles for γ-secretase and ADAM10 in vestibular hair cell regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Warchol
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Jennifer Stone
- The Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center and Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Matthew Barton
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Jeffrey Ku
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Rose Veile
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Nicolas Daudet
- Center for Auditory Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Lovett
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States; NHLI, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang S, Zhang Y, Yu P, Hu Y, Zhou H, Guo L, Xu X, Zhu X, Waqas M, Qi J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Chen F, Tang M, Qian X, Shi H, Gao X, Chai R. Characterization of Lgr5+ Progenitor Cell Transcriptomes after Neomycin Injury in the Neonatal Mouse Cochlea. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:213. [PMID: 28725177 PMCID: PMC5496572 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lgr5+ supporting cells (SCs) are enriched hair cell (HC) progenitors in the cochlea. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that HC injury can spontaneously activate Lgr5+ progenitors to regenerate HCs in the neonatal mouse cochlea. Promoting HC regeneration requires the understanding of the mechanism of HC regeneration, and this requires knowledge of the key genes involved in HC injury-induced self-repair responses that promote the proliferation and differentiation of Lgr5+ progenitors. Here, as expected, we found that neomycin-treated Lgr5+ progenitors (NLPs) had significantly greater HC regeneration ability, and greater but not significant proliferation ability compared to untreated Lgr5+ progenitors (ULPs) in response to neomycin exposure. Next, we used RNA-seq analysis to determine the differences in the gene-expression profiles between the transcriptomes of NLPs and ULPs from the neonatal mouse cochlea. We first analyzed the genes that were enriched and differentially expressed in NLPs and ULPs and then analyzed the cell cycle genes, the transcription factors, and the signaling pathway genes that might regulate the proliferation and differentiation of Lgr5+ progenitors. We found 9 cell cycle genes, 88 transcription factors, 8 microRNAs, and 16 cell-signaling pathway genes that were significantly upregulated or downregulated after neomycin injury in NLPs. Lastly, we constructed a protein-protein interaction network to show the interaction and connections of genes that are differentially expressed in NLPs and ULPs. This study has identified the genes that might regulate the proliferation and HC regeneration of Lgr5+ progenitors after neomycin injury, and investigations into the roles and mechanisms of these genes in the cochlea should be performed in the future to identify potential therapeutic targets for HC regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China.,Research Institute of OtolaryngologyNanjing, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantong, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- Bioinformatics Department, Admera Health LLCSouth Plainfield, NJ, United States
| | - Yao Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China
| | - Lingna Guo
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiaochen Xu
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiaocheng Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China.,Department of Biotechnology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and TechnologyKarachi, Pakistan
| | - Jieyu Qi
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Fangyi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Qian
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China
| | - Haibo Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Research Institute of OtolaryngologyNanjing, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China.,Research Institute of OtolaryngologyNanjing, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantong, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Burns JC, Stone JS. Development and regeneration of vestibular hair cells in mammals. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 65:96-105. [PMID: 27864084 PMCID: PMC5423856 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Vestibular sensation is essential for gaze stabilization, balance, and perception of gravity. The vestibular receptors in mammals, Type I and Type II hair cells, are located in five small organs in the inner ear. Damage to hair cells and their innervating neurons can cause crippling symptoms such as vertigo, visual field oscillation, and imbalance. In adult rodents, some Type II hair cells are regenerated and become re-innervated after damage, presenting opportunities for restoring vestibular function after hair cell damage. This article reviews features of vestibular sensory cells in mammals, including their basic properties, how they develop, and how they are replaced after damage. We discuss molecules that control vestibular hair cell regeneration and highlight areas in which our understanding of development and regeneration needs to be deepened.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Burns
- Decibel Therapeutics, 215 First St., Suite 430, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Jennifer S Stone
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery and The Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington School of Medicine, Box 357923, Seattle, WA 98195-7923, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cheng C, Guo L, Lu L, Xu X, Zhang S, Gao J, Waqas M, Zhu C, Chen Y, Zhang X, Xuan C, Gao X, Tang M, Chen F, Shi H, Li H, Chai R. Characterization of the Transcriptomes of Lgr5+ Hair Cell Progenitors and Lgr5- Supporting Cells in the Mouse Cochlea. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:122. [PMID: 28491023 PMCID: PMC5405134 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cochlear supporting cells (SCs) have been shown to be a promising resource for hair cell (HC) regeneration in the neonatal mouse cochlea. Previous studies have reported that Lgr5+ SCs can regenerate HCs both in vitro and in vivo and thus are considered to be inner ear progenitor cells. Lgr5+ progenitors are able to regenerate more HCs than Lgr5- SCs, and it is important to understand the mechanism behind the proliferation and HC regeneration of these progenitors. Here, we isolated Lgr5+ progenitors and Lgr5- SCs from Lgr5-EGFP-CreERT2/Sox2-CreERT2/Rosa26-tdTomato mice via flow cytometry. As expected, we found that Lgr5+ progenitors had significantly higher proliferation and HC regeneration ability than Lgr5- SCs. Next, we performed RNA-Seq to determine the gene expression profiles of Lgr5+ progenitors and Lgr5- SCs. We analyzed the genes that were enriched and differentially expressed in Lgr5+ progenitors and Lgr5- SCs, and we found 8 cell cycle genes, 9 transcription factors, and 24 cell signaling pathway genes that were uniquely expressed in one population but not the other. Last, we made a protein–protein interaction network to further analyze the role of these differentially expressed genes. In conclusion, we present a set of genes that might regulate the proliferation and HC regeneration ability of Lgr5+ progenitors, and these might serve as potential new therapeutic targets for HC regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China.,Research Institute of OtolaryngologyNanjing, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantong, China
| | - Luo Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning CommissionShanghai, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Drum Tower Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiaochen Xu
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - ShaSha Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Junyan Gao
- Health Management and Policy, College of Public Health, Saint Louis University, St. LouisMO, USA
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China.,Department of Biotechnology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and TechnologyGulshan-e-Iqbal, Pakistan
| | - Chengwen Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning CommissionShanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China
| | - Chuanying Xuan
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Fangyi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen, China
| | - Haibo Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Huawei Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine of National Health and Family Planning CommissionShanghai, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Cochlear ImplantShanghai, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China.,Research Institute of OtolaryngologyNanjing, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantong, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bucks SA, Cox BC, Vlosich BA, Manning JP, Nguyen TB, Stone JS. Supporting cells remove and replace sensory receptor hair cells in a balance organ of adult mice. eLife 2017; 6:e18128. [PMID: 28263708 PMCID: PMC5338920 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Vestibular hair cells in the inner ear encode head movements and mediate the sense of balance. These cells undergo cell death and replacement (turnover) throughout life in non-mammalian vertebrates. However, there is no definitive evidence that this process occurs in mammals. We used fate-mapping and other methods to demonstrate that utricular type II vestibular hair cells undergo turnover in adult mice under normal conditions. We found that supporting cells phagocytose both type I and II hair cells. Plp1-CreERT2-expressing supporting cells replace type II hair cells. Type I hair cells are not restored by Plp1-CreERT2-expressing supporting cells or by Atoh1-CreERTM-expressing type II hair cells. Destruction of hair cells causes supporting cells to generate 6 times as many type II hair cells compared to normal conditions. These findings expand our understanding of sensorineural plasticity in adult vestibular organs and further elucidate the roles that supporting cells serve during homeostasis and after injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Bucks
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Brandon C Cox
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, United States,Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, United States
| | - Brittany A Vlosich
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - James P Manning
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Tot B Nguyen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Jennifer S Stone
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, United States,
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Nie J, Koehler KR, Hashino E. Directed Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Into Inner Ear Sensory Epithelia in 3D Culture. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1597:67-83. [PMID: 28361311 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6949-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The inner ear sensory epithelium harbors mechanosensory hair cells responsible for detecting sound and maintaining balance. This protocol describes a three-dimensional (3D) culture system that efficiently generates inner ear sensory epithelia from aggregates of mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells. By mimicking the activations and repressions of key signaling pathways during in vivo inner ear development, mES cell aggregates are sequentially treated with recombinant proteins and small molecule inhibitors for activating or inhibiting the Bmp, TGFβ, Fgf, and Wnt signaling pathways. These stepwise treatments promote mES cells to sequentially differentiate into epithelia representing the non-neural ectoderm, preplacodal ectoderm, otic placodal ectoderm, and ultimately, the hair cell-containing sensory epithelia. The derived hair cells are surrounded by a layer of supporting cells and are innervated by sensory neurons. This in vitro inner ear organoid culture system may serve as a valuable tool in developmental and physiological research, disease modeling, drug testing, and potential cell-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Nie
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Karl R Koehler
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Eri Hashino
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bassiouni M, Dos Santos A, Avci HX, Löwenheim H, Müller M. Bmi1 Loss in the Organ of Corti Results in p16ink4a Upregulation and Reduced Cell Proliferation of Otic Progenitors In Vitro. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164579. [PMID: 27755610 PMCID: PMC5068820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The mature mammalian organ of Corti does not regenerate spontaneously after injury, mainly due to the absence of cell proliferation and the depletion of otic progenitors with age. The polycomb gene B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog (Bmi1) promotes proliferation and cell cycle progression in several stem cell populations. The cell cycle inhibitor p16ink4a has been previously identified as a downstream target of Bmi1. In this study, we show that Bmi1 is expressed in the developing inner ear. In the organ of Corti, Bmi1 expression is temporally regulated during embryonic and postnatal development. In contrast, p16ink4a expression is not detectable during the same period. Bmi1-deficient mice were used to investigate the role of Bmi1 in cochlear development and otosphere generation. In the absence of Bmi1, the postnatal organ of Corti displayed normal morphology at least until the end of the first postnatal week, suggesting that Bmi1 is not required for the embryonic or early postnatal development of the organ of Corti. However, Bmi1 loss resulted in the reduced sphere-forming capacity of the organ of Corti, accompanied by the decreased cell proliferation of otic progenitors in otosphere cultures. This reduced proliferative capacity was associated with the upregulation of p16ink4ain vitro. Viral vector-mediated overexpression of p16ink4a in wildtype otosphere cultures significantly reduced the number of generated otospheres in vitro. The findings strongly suggest a role for Bmi1 as a promoter of cell proliferation in otic progenitor cells, potentially through the repression of p16ink4a.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Bassiouni
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Aurélie Dos Santos
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hasan X. Avci
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hubert Löwenheim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Müller
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lee SG, Huang M, Obholzer ND, Sun S, Li W, Petrillo M, Dai P, Zhou Y, Cotanche DA, Megason SG, Li H, Chen ZY. Myc and Fgf Are Required for Zebrafish Neuromast Hair Cell Regeneration. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157768. [PMID: 27351484 PMCID: PMC4924856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike mammals, the non-mammalian vertebrate inner ear can regenerate the sensory cells, hair cells, either spontaneously or through induction after hair cell loss, leading to hearing recovery. The mechanisms underlying the regeneration are poorly understood. By microarray analysis on a chick model, we show that chick hair cell regeneration involves the activation of proliferation genes and downregulation of differentiation genes. Both MYC and FGF are activated in chick hair cell regeneration. Using a zebrafish lateral line neuromast hair cell regeneration model, we show that the specific inhibition of Myc or Fgf suppresses hair cell regeneration, demonstrating that both pathways are essential to the process. Rapid upregulation of Myc and delayed Fgf activation during regeneration suggest a role of Myc in proliferation and Fgf in differentiation. The dorsal-ventral pattern of fgfr1a in the neuromasts overlaps with the distribution of hair cell precursors. By laser ablation, we show that the fgfr1a-positive supporting cells are likely the hair cell precursors that directly give rise to new hair cells; whereas the anterior-posterior fgfr1a-negative supporting cells have heightened proliferation capacity, likely to serve as more primitive progenitor cells to replenish lost precursors after hair cell loss. Thus fgfr1a is likely to mark compartmentalized supporting cell subtypes with different capacities in renewal proliferation and hair cell regeneration. Manipulation of c-MYC and FGF pathways could be explored for mammalian hair cell regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Goo Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mingqian Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nikolaus D. Obholzer
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shan Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Marco Petrillo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pu Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital Boston and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Douglas A. Cotanche
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sean G. Megason
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Huawei Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shanghai Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (ZYC); (HL)
| | - Zheng-Yi Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZYC); (HL)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Establishment of a model of cochlear lesions in rats to study potential gene therapy for sensorineural hearing loss. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 79:2147-54. [PMID: 26574172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sensorineural hearing loss seriously influences a patient's daily life, and no effective treatments exist to date. Gene therapy is a potential treatment for regenerating hair cells to restore hearing. METHODS In this study, we established a cochlear lesions model to study hair cell regeneration by co-administration of kanamycin and furosemide. After the injections, we assessed the survival of outer hair cells (OHC), inner hair cells (IHC), supporting cells (SC), spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) and peripheral axons. Moreover, we used two viral vectors to detect the transgene distribution. RESULTS Our results showed at 12h post-treatment, numerous OHC were missing in the basal turn. At 24h post-treatment, all OHCs in basal half of the cochlea were lost, and by 48h, OHC loss had spread to the apical coil. Four days after the injections, all OHCs were absent. At 1mo post-treatment, the organ of Corti had collapsed. In contrast, most of the SC remained 4d after the injections. The loss of SGN and peripheral axons was consistent with this time course post-treatment. The results of transgene distribution suggested the correlative gene can be transferred into the organ of Corti using adenoviruses (AdV) vectors and lentiviruses (LV) vectors in our cochlear lesion model. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) We assessed the details of HC death at more time point and chosen the time point for gene transfer in this model. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that this cochlear lesion model would be suitable for the study of hair cell regeneration.
Collapse
|
46
|
SoxC transcription factors are essential for the development of the inner ear. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:14066-71. [PMID: 26504244 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1517371112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair cells, the mechanosensory receptors of the inner ear, underlie the senses of hearing and balance. Adult mammals cannot adequately replenish lost hair cells, whose loss often results in deafness or balance disorders. To determine the molecular basis of this deficiency, we investigated the development of a murine vestibular organ, the utricle. Here we show that two members of the SoxC family of transcription factors, Sox4 and Sox11, are down-regulated after the epoch of hair cell development. Conditional ablation of SoxC genes in vivo results in stunted sensory organs of the inner ear and loss of hair cells. Enhanced expression of SoxC genes in vitro conversely restores supporting cell proliferation and the production of new hair cells in adult sensory epithelia. These results imply that SoxC genes govern hair cell production and thus advance these genes as targets for the restoration of hearing and balance.
Collapse
|
47
|
Costa A, Sanchez-Guardado L, Juniat S, Gale JE, Daudet N, Henrique D. Generation of sensory hair cells by genetic programming with a combination of transcription factors. Development 2015; 142:1948-59. [PMID: 26015538 DOI: 10.1242/dev.119149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mechanosensory hair cells (HCs) are the primary receptors of our senses of hearing and balance. Elucidation of the transcriptional networks regulating HC fate determination and differentiation is crucial not only to understand inner ear development but also to improve cell replacement therapies for hearing disorders. Here, we show that combined expression of the transcription factors Gfi1, Pou4f3 and Atoh1 can induce direct programming towards HC fate, both during in vitro mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation and following ectopic expression in chick embryonic otic epithelium. Induced HCs (iHCs) express numerous HC-specific markers and exhibit polarized membrane protrusions reminiscent of stereociliary bundles. Transcriptome profiling confirms the progressive establishment of a HC-specific gene signature during in vitro iHC programming. Overall, this work provides a novel approach to achieve robust and highly efficient HC production in vitro, which could be used as a model to study HC development and to drive inner ear HC regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Costa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Luis Sanchez-Guardado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Avenida Brasilia, Lisboa 1400-038, Portugal
| | - Stephanie Juniat
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8EE, UK
| | - Jonathan E Gale
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8EE, UK
| | - Nicolas Daudet
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, 332 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8EE, UK
| | - Domingos Henrique
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Avenida Brasilia, Lisboa 1400-038, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Romero-Carvajal A, Navajas Acedo J, Jiang L, Kozlovskaja-Gumbrienė A, Alexander R, Li H, Piotrowski T. Regeneration of Sensory Hair Cells Requires Localized Interactions between the Notch and Wnt Pathways. Dev Cell 2015; 34:267-82. [PMID: 26190147 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In vertebrates, mechano-electrical transduction of sound is accomplished by sensory hair cells. Whereas mammalian hair cells are not replaced when lost, in fish they constantly renew and regenerate after injury. In vivo tracking and cell fate analyses of all dividing cells during lateral line hair cell regeneration revealed that support and hair cell progenitors localize to distinct tissue compartments. Importantly, we find that the balance between self-renewal and differentiation in these compartments is controlled by spatially restricted Notch signaling and its inhibition of Wnt-induced proliferation. The ability to simultaneously study and manipulate individual cell behaviors and multiple pathways in vivo transforms the lateral line into a powerful paradigm to mechanistically dissect sensory organ regeneration. The striking similarities to other vertebrate stem cell compartments uniquely place zebrafish to help elucidate why mammals possess such low capacity to regenerate hair cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Romero-Carvajal
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | | | - Linjia Jiang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | | | | | - Hua Li
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Tatjana Piotrowski
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kaur T, Hirose K, Rubel EW, Warchol ME. Macrophage recruitment and epithelial repair following hair cell injury in the mouse utricle. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:150. [PMID: 25954156 PMCID: PMC4406144 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sensory organs of the inner ear possess resident populations of macrophages, but the function of those cells is poorly understood. In many tissues, macrophages participate in the removal of cellular debris after injury and can also promote tissue repair. The present study examined injury-evoked macrophage activity in the mouse utricle. Experiments used transgenic mice in which the gene for the human diphtheria toxin receptor (huDTR) was inserted under regulation of the Pou4f3 promoter. Hair cells in such mice can be selectively lesioned by systemic treatment with diphtheria toxin (DT). In order to visualize macrophages, Pou4f3-huDTR mice were crossed with a second transgenic line, in which one or both copies of the gene for the fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 were replaced with a gene for GFP. Such mice expressed GFP in all macrophages, and mice that were CX3CR1(GFP/GFP) lacked the necessary receptor for fractalkine signaling. Treatment with DT resulted in the death of ∼70% of utricular hair cells within 7 days, which was accompanied by increased numbers of macrophages within the utricular sensory epithelium. Many of these macrophages appeared to be actively engulfing hair cell debris, indicating that macrophages participate in the process of 'corpse removal' in the mammalian vestibular organs. However, we observed no apparent differences in injury-evoked macrophage numbers in the utricles of CX3CR1(+/GFP) mice vs. CX3CR1(GFP/GFP) mice, suggesting that fractalkine signaling is not necessary for macrophage recruitment in these sensory organs. Finally, we found that repair of sensory epithelia at short times after DT-induced hair cell lesions was mediated by relatively thin cables of F-actin. After 56 days recovery, however, all cell-cell junctions were characterized by very thick actin cables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tejbeer Kaur
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Keiko Hirose
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Edwin W Rubel
- The Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center and Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mark E Warchol
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lush ME, Piotrowski T. Sensory hair cell regeneration in the zebrafish lateral line. Dev Dyn 2014; 243:1187-202. [PMID: 25045019 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Damage or destruction of sensory hair cells in the inner ear leads to hearing or balance deficits that can be debilitating, especially in older adults. Unfortunately, the damage is permanent, as regeneration of the inner ear sensory epithelia does not occur in mammals. RESULTS Zebrafish and other non-mammalian vertebrates have the remarkable ability to regenerate sensory hair cells and understanding the molecular and cellular basis for this regenerative ability will hopefully aid us in designing therapies to induce regeneration in mammals. Zebrafish not only possess hair cells in the ear but also in the sensory lateral line system. Hair cells in both organs are functionally analogous to hair cells in the inner ear of mammals. The lateral line is a mechanosensory system found in most aquatic vertebrates that detects water motion and aids in predator avoidance, prey capture, schooling, and mating. Although hair cell regeneration occurs in both the ear and lateral line, most research to date has focused on the lateral line due to its relatively simple structure and accessibility. CONCLUSIONS Here we review the recent discoveries made during the characterization of hair cell regeneration in zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Lush
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri
| | | |
Collapse
|