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Guntaka S, Alston MR, Gruber D, Azari BM. Isolated ventricular noncompaction in a patient with a sarcomeric gene mutation: A case report. HeartRhythm Case Rep 2024; 10:456-459. [PMID: 39129736 PMCID: PMC11312041 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrcr.2024.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Saimanoj Guntaka
- Department of Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York
| | - Michael R. Alston
- Department of Cardiology, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York
| | - Dorota Gruber
- Department of Cardiology, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York
| | - Bani M. Azari
- Department of Cardiology, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York
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2
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Hu T, Liu L, Wang H, Yang M, Xu B, Xie H, Lin Z, Jin X, Wang P, Liu Y, Sun H, Liu S. RCAN family member 3 deficiency contributes to noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium. J Genet Genomics 2024; 51:543-553. [PMID: 38181896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium (NVM), the third most diagnosed cardiomyopathy, is characterized by prominent trabeculae and intratrabecular recesses. However, the genetic etiology of 40%-60% of NVM cases remains unknown. Here, we identify two infants with NVM, in a nonconsanguineous family, with a typical clinical presentation of persistent bradycardia since the prenatal period. A homozygous missense variant (R223L) of RCAN family member 3 (RCAN3) is detected in both infants using whole-exome sequencing. In the zebrafish model, marked cardiac dysfunction is detected in rcan3 deficiency (MO-rcan3ATG-injected) and rcan-/- embryos. Developmental dysplasia of both endocardial and myocardial layers is also detected in rcan3-deficient embryos. RCAN3 R223L variant mRNAs can not rescue heart defects caused by rcan3 knockdown or knockout; however, hRCAN3 mRNAs rescue these phenotypes. RNA-seq experiments show that several genes involved in cardiomyopathies are significantly regulated through multiple signaling pathways in the rcan3-knockdown zebrafish model. In human cardiomyocytes, RCAN3 deficiency results in reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis, together with an abnormal mitochondrial ultrastructure. Thus, we suggest that RCAN3 is a susceptibility gene for cardiomyopathies, especially NVM and that the R223L mutation is a potential loss-of-function variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hu
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Medical College, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet 850000, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Bocheng Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hanbing Xie
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ziyuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; SCU-CUHK Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaolei Jin
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Huaqin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; SCU-CUHK Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Shanling Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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3
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Voinescu OR, Ionac A, Sosdean R, Ionac I, Ana LS, Kundnani NR, Morariu S, Puiu M, Chirita-Emandi A. Genotype-Phenotype Insights of Inherited Cardiomyopathies-A Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:543. [PMID: 38674189 PMCID: PMC11052121 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background: Cardiomyopathies (CMs) represent a heterogeneous group of primary myocardial diseases characterized by structural and functional abnormalities. They represent one of the leading causes of cardiac transplantations and cardiac death in young individuals. Clinically they vary from asymptomatic to symptomatic heart failure, with a high risk of sudden cardiac death due to malignant arrhythmias. With the increasing availability of genetic testing, a significant number of affected people are found to have an underlying genetic etiology. However, the awareness of the benefits of incorporating genetic test results into the care of these patients is relatively low. Aim: The focus of this review is to summarize the current basis of genetic CMs, including the most encountered genes associated with the main types of cardiomyopathies: hypertrophic, dilated, restrictive arrhythmogenic, and non-compaction. Materials and Methods: For this narrative review, we performed a search of multiple electronic databases, to select and evaluate relevant manuscripts. Results: Advances in genetic diagnosis led to better diagnosis precision and prognosis prediction, especially with regard to the risk of developing arrhythmias in certain subtypes of cardiomyopathies. Conclusions: Implementing the genomic information to benefit future patient care, better risk stratification and management, promises a better future for genotype-based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Raluca Voinescu
- Department of Cardiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adina Ionac
- Department of Cardiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Centre of Timisoara Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Gheorghe Adam Street 13A, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Raluca Sosdean
- Department of Cardiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Centre of Timisoara Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Gheorghe Adam Street 13A, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Ionac
- Department of Cardiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Luca Silvia Ana
- Department of Cardiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Gheorghe Adam Street 13A, 300310 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Nilima Rajpal Kundnani
- Department of Cardiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Centre of Timisoara Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Stelian Morariu
- General Medicine Faculty, “Vasile Goldis” West University, 473223 Arad, Romania
| | - Maria Puiu
- Department of Microscopic Morphology, Genetics Discipline, Center of Genomic Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Regional Center of Medical Genetics Timiș, Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children “Louis Țurcanu”, Iosif Nemoianu Street N°2, 300011 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adela Chirita-Emandi
- Department of Microscopic Morphology, Genetics Discipline, Center of Genomic Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Victor Babeș” Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Regional Center of Medical Genetics Timiș, Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children “Louis Țurcanu”, Iosif Nemoianu Street N°2, 300011 Timisoara, Romania
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Dobreva G, Heineke J. Inter- and Intracellular Signaling Pathways. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:271-294. [PMID: 38884717 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, both congenital and acquired, are the leading cause of death worldwide, associated with significant health consequences and economic burden. Due to major advances in surgical procedures, most patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) survive into adulthood but suffer from previously unrecognized long-term consequences, such as early-onset heart failure. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms resulting in heart defects and the lifelong complications due to hemodynamic overload are of utmost importance. Congenital heart disease arises in the first trimester of pregnancy, due to defects in the complex morphogenetic patterning of the heart. This process is coordinated through a complicated web of intercellular communication between the epicardium, the endocardium, and the myocardium. In the postnatal heart, similar crosstalk between cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts exists during pathological hemodynamic overload that emerges as a consequence of a congenital heart defect. Ultimately, communication between cells triggers the activation of intracellular signaling circuits, which allow fine coordination of cardiac development and function. Here, we review the inter- and intracellular signaling mechanisms in the heart as they were discovered mainly in genetically modified mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergana Dobreva
- ECAS (European Center for Angioscience), Department of Cardiovascular Genomics and Epigenomics, Mannheim Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Joerg Heineke
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site, Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany.
- ECAS (European Center for Angioscience), Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Mannheim Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
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Arbelo E, Protonotarios A, Gimeno JR, Arbustini E, Barriales-Villa R, Basso C, Bezzina CR, Biagini E, Blom NA, de Boer RA, De Winter T, Elliott PM, Flather M, Garcia-Pavia P, Haugaa KH, Ingles J, Jurcut RO, Klaassen S, Limongelli G, Loeys B, Mogensen J, Olivotto I, Pantazis A, Sharma S, Van Tintelen JP, Ware JS, Kaski JP. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiomyopathies. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:3503-3626. [PMID: 37622657 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 316.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
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6
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Han PL, Shen MT, Jiang Y, Jiang ZK, Li K, Yang ZG. Prognostic Value of Left Atrial Reservoir Strain in Left Ventricular Myocardial Noncompaction: A 3.0 T Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking Study. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 57:559-575. [PMID: 35703421 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship of left atrial (LA) strain to high-risk heart failure (HF) events in patients with left ventricular myocardial noncompaction (LVNC) remains to be thoroughly investigated. PURPOSE To evaluate the LA performance in patients with LVNC, and to investigate the prognostic value of LA phasic strain on high-risk HF events, and its influencing factors. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. POPULATION A total of 95 LVNC patients (74 with LA enlargement [LAE] and 21 without LAE) and 50 healthy controls. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A 3.0 T, balanced steady-state free-precession cine imaging. ASSESSMENT LA longitudinal strains were measured by cardiac MRI feature tracking technique. LA volume index (LAVI) and LA ejection fraction (LAEF) were calculated. Their intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility were evaluated. The primary outcome was high-risk HF events, a composite of first HF hospitalization, hospitalization for worsening HF and death from HF. STATISTICAL TESTS Student's t/Mann-Whitney U, one-way analysis of variance/Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-squared, receiver operating characteristic, Kaplan-Meier, log-rank, Cox regression, Pearson and Spearman correlation and linear regression analyses were performed. The significance threshold was set at P < 0 .05. RESULTS LAEF and LA longitudinal strains decreased in LVNC patients irrespective of the presence of LAE. During a median follow-up of 32.17 months, high-risk HF occurred in 13 (13.68%) patients. Patients with increased LAVI, decreased LAEF and decreased LA longitudinal strain had significantly higher risks of high-risk HF events. In patients with LVNC, LA reservoir strain (εs) was independently associated with high-risk HF (hazard ratio = 23.208 [95% CI: 2.993-179.967]). LV global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) (β = -1.783 [95% CI: -2.493 to -1.073]) was significantly and independently associated with εs. Intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility was excellent for LAVI, LAEF, and LA strain. CONCLUSION In patients with LVNC, εs was an independent predictor for high-risk HF events. LV GLS was an independent determinant of εs in LVNC. EVIDENCE LEVEL 4 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lun Han
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng-Ting Shen
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ze-Kun Jiang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kang Li
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Yang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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7
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Genome Editing and Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1396:87-101. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-5642-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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8
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Genome Editing and Myocardial Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1396:53-73. [PMID: 36454459 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-5642-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) has a strong genetic etiology, making it a likely candidate for therapeutic intervention using genetic editing. Complex genetics involving an orchestrated series of genetic events and over 400 genes are responsible for myocardial development. Cooperation is required from a vast series of genetic networks, and mutations in such can lead to CHD and cardiovascular abnormalities, affecting up to 1% of all live births. Genome editing technologies are becoming better studied and with time and improved logistics, CHD could be a prime therapeutic target. Syndromic, nonsyndromic, and cases of familial inheritance all involve identifiable causative mutations and thus have the potential for genome editing therapy. Mouse models are well-suited to study and predict clinical outcome. This review summarizes the anatomical and genetic timeline of myocardial development in both mice and humans, the potential of gene editing in typical CHD categories, as well as the use of mice thus far in reproducing models of human CHD and correcting the mutations that create them.
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9
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Zhang J, Han X, Lu Q, Feng Y, Ma A, Wang T. Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy associated with the PRKAG2 mutation. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:214. [PMID: 36221081 PMCID: PMC9552423 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01361-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) is one of the most common inherited cardiovascular diseases. The genetic backgrounds of most LVNC patients are not fully understood. We collected clinical data, family histories, and blood samples and performed genetic analysis using next-generation sequencing (NGS) from a Chinese family of 15 subjects. Clinically LVNC affected subjects showed marked cardiac phenotype heterogeneity. We found that these subjects with LVNC carried a missense heterozygous genetic mutation c.905G>A (p.R302Q) in γ2 subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (PRKAG2) gene through NGS. Individuals without this mutation showed no symptoms or cardiac structural abnormalities related to LVNC. One subject was the victim of sudden cardiac death. To sum up, PRKAG2 mutation c.905G>A (p.R302Q) caused familial LVNC. Our results described a potentially pathogenic mutation associated with LVNC, which may further extend the spectrum of LVNC phenotypes related to PRKAG2 gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiu Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qun Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunfei Feng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aiqun Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Tingzhong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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10
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Hirono K, Ichida F. Left ventricular noncompaction: a disorder with genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity-a narrative review. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2022; 12:495-515. [PMID: 36033229 PMCID: PMC9412206 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-22-198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a cardiomyopathy characterized by excessive trabecular formation and deep recesses in the ventricular wall, with a bilaminar structure consisting of an endocardial noncompaction layer and an epicardial compacted layer. Although genetic variants have been reported in patients with LVNC, understanding of LVNC and its pathogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated. We addressed the latest findings on genes reported to be associated with LVNC morphogenesis and possible pathologies to understand the diverse spectrum between genotype and phenotype in LVNC. Also, the latest findings and issues related to the diagnosis of LVNC were summarized. Methods This article is written as a commentary narrative review and will provide an update on the current literature and available data on common forms of LVNC published in the past 30 years in English through to May 2022 using PubMed. Key Content and Findings Familial forms of LVNC are frequent, and autosomal dominant mode of inheritance has been predominantly observed. Several of the candidate causative genes are also mutated in other cardiomyopathies, suggesting a possible shared molecular and/or cellular etiology. The most common gene functions were sarcomere function whereas genes in mice LVNC models were involved in heart development. Echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) are useful for diagnosis although there are no unified criteria due to overdiagnosis of imaging, poor consistency between techniques, and lack of association between trabecular severity and adverse clinical outcomes. Conclusions This review reflects the current lack of clarity regarding the pathogenesis and significance of LVNC and showed the complexity of imaging diagnostic criteria, interpretation of the role of LVNC as a cause, and uncertainty regarding the specific genetic basis of LVNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Hirono
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Fukiko Ichida
- Department of Pediatrics, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
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Bazoukis G, Tyrovolas K, Letsas KP, Vlachos K, Radford D, Chung CT, Liu T, Efremidis M, Tse G, Baranchuk A. Predictors of fatal arrhythmic events in patients with non-compaction cardiomyopathy: a systematic review. Heart Fail Rev 2022; 27:2067-2076. [PMID: 35776368 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-022-10257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) is a congenital heart disease with autosomal dominant inheritance. This review aims to summarize the existing data about the predictors of fatal arrhythmias in patients with LVNC. Medline and Cochrane library databases were searched from inception to November 2021 for articles on LVNC. The reference lists of the relevant research studies as well as the relevant review studies and meta-analyses were also searched. Clinical symptoms and electrocardiogram findings such as left bundle branch block are significantly associated with ventricular arrhythmias. Other non-invasive tools such as Holter monitoring, echocardiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) can provide additional value for risk stratification. CMR-derived left and right ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, late gadolinium enhancement, and non-compacted to compacted myocardium ratio are predictive of ventricular arrhythmias. An electrophysiological study can provide additional prognostic data in patients with LVNC who are at moderate risk of ventricular arrhythmias. Risk stratification of LVNC patients with no prior history of a fatal arrhythmic event remains challenging. Symptoms assessment, electrocardiogram, Holter monitoring, and cardiac imaging should be performed on every patient, while an electrophysiological study should be performed for moderate-risk patients. Large cohort studies are needed for the construction of score models for arrhythmic risk stratification purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Bazoukis
- Department of Cardiology, Larnaca General Hospital, Larnaca, Cyprus. .,Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2414, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | | | | | | | - Danny Radford
- Kent and Medway Medical School, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | | | - Tong Liu
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Collaboration, Hong Kong, China-UK, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Michael Efremidis
- Department of Electrophysiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Gary Tse
- Kent and Medway Medical School, Canterbury, Kent, UK.,Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Collaboration, Hong Kong, China-UK, China
| | - Adrian Baranchuk
- Division of Cardiology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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12
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Towbin JA, Johnson JN. Prevalence of Left Ventricular Noncompaction in Newborns by Echocardiography: Is This the Most Accurate Approach? Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 15:e014416. [PMID: 35727873 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.122.014416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Towbin
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, and St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jason N Johnson
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, and St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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13
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Left Ventricular Noncompaction Is Associated with Valvular Regurgitation and a Variety of Arrhythmias. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9020049. [PMID: 35200702 PMCID: PMC8876824 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9020049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a type of cardiomyopathy characterized anatomically by prominent ventricular trabeculation and deep intertrabecular recesses. The mortality associated with LVNC ranges from 5% to 47%. The etiology of LVNC is yet to be fully understood, although decades have passed since its recognition as a clinical entity globally. Furthermore, critical questions, i.e., whether LVNC represents an acquired pathology or has a congenital origin and whether the reduced contractile function in LVNC patients is a cause or consequence of noncompaction, remain to be addressed. In this study, to answer some of these questions, we analyzed the clinical features of LVNC patients. Out of 9582 subjects screened for abnormal cardiac functions, 45 exhibit the characteristics of LVNC, and 1 presents right ventricular noncompaction (RVNC). We found that 40 patients show valvular regurgitation, 39 manifest reduced systolic contractions, and 46 out of the 46 present different forms of arrhythmias that are not restricted to be caused by the noncompact myocardium. This retrospective examination of LVNC patients reveals some novel findings: LVNC is associated with regurgitation in most patients and arrhythmias in all patients. The thickness ratio of the trabecular layer to compact layer negatively correlates with fractional shortening, and reduced contractility might result from LVNC. This study adds evidence to support a congenital origin of LVNC that might benefit the diagnosis and subsequent characterization of LVNC patients.
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Prandi FR, Illuminato F, Galluccio C, Milite M, Macrini M, Di Landro A, Idone G, Chiocchi M, Sbordone FP, Sergi D, Romeo F, Barillà F. A Rare Case of Left Ventricular Non-Compaction with Coronary Artery Anomaly Complicated by ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Subcutaneous Defibrillator Implantation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:791. [PMID: 35055613 PMCID: PMC8775424 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is a rare congenital cardiomyopathy caused by arrest of normal endomyocardial embryogenesis and characterized by the persistence of ventricular hypertrabeculation, isolated or associated to other congenital defects. A 33-year-old male, with family history of sudden cardiac death (SCD), presented to our ER with typical chest pain and was diagnosed with anterior STEMI. Coronary angiography showed an anomalous origin of the circumflex artery from the right coronary artery and a critical stenosis on the proximal left anterior descending artery, treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. The echocardiogram documented left ventricular severe dysfunction with lateral wall hypertrabeculation, strongly suggestive for non-compaction, confirmed by cardiac MRI. At 3 months follow up, for the persistence of the severely depressed EF (30%) and the family history for SCD, the patient underwent subcutaneous ICD (sICD) implantation for primary prevention. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of LVNC associated with anomalous coronary artery origin and STEMI reported in the literature. Arrhythmias are common in LVNC due to endocardial hypoperfusion and fibrosis. sICD overcomes the risks of transvenous ICD, and it is a valuable option when there is no need for pacing therapy for bradycardia, cardiac resynchronization therapy and anti-tachycardia pacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Romana Prandi
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (C.G.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (A.D.L.); (G.I.); (D.S.); (F.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Federica Illuminato
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (C.G.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (A.D.L.); (G.I.); (D.S.); (F.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Chiara Galluccio
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (C.G.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (A.D.L.); (G.I.); (D.S.); (F.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Marialucia Milite
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (C.G.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (A.D.L.); (G.I.); (D.S.); (F.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Massimiliano Macrini
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (C.G.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (A.D.L.); (G.I.); (D.S.); (F.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Alessio Di Landro
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (C.G.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (A.D.L.); (G.I.); (D.S.); (F.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Gaetano Idone
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (C.G.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (A.D.L.); (G.I.); (D.S.); (F.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Marcello Chiocchi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Molecular Imaging, Interventional Radiology and Radiotherapy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (F.P.S.)
| | - Francesco Paolo Sbordone
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Molecular Imaging, Interventional Radiology and Radiotherapy, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (F.P.S.)
| | - Domenico Sergi
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (C.G.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (A.D.L.); (G.I.); (D.S.); (F.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Francesco Romeo
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (C.G.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (A.D.L.); (G.I.); (D.S.); (F.R.); (F.B.)
- Department of Departmental Faculty of Medicine, Unicamillus International Medical University of Rome, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Barillà
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.I.); (C.G.); (M.M.); (M.M.); (A.D.L.); (G.I.); (D.S.); (F.R.); (F.B.)
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15
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Gurunathan S, Sebastian J, Baker J, Abdel-Hamid HZ, West SC, Feingold B, Peche V, Reyes-Múgica M, Madan-Khetarpal S, Field J. A homozygous CAP2 pathogenic variant in a neonate presenting with rapidly progressive cardiomyopathy and nemaline rods. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 188:970-977. [PMID: 34862840 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nemaline Myopathy (NM) is a disorder of skeletal muscles caused by mutations in sarcomere proteins and characterized by accumulation of microscopic rod or thread-like structures (nemaline bodies) in skeletal muscles. Patients diagnosed with both NM and infantile cardiomyopathy are very rare. A male infant presented, within the first few hours of life, with severe dilated cardiomyopathy, biventricular dysfunction and left ventricular noncompaction. A muscle biopsy on the 8th day of life from the right sternocleidomastoid muscle identified nemaline rods. Whole exome sequencing identified a c.1288 delT (homozygous pathogenic variant) in the CAP2 gene (NM_006366), yielding a CAP2 protein (NP_006357.1) with a p.C430fs. Both parents were heterozygous for the same variant but have no history of heart or muscle disease. Analysis of patient derived fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells confirmed the p.C430fs mutation (pathogenic variant), which appears to cause loss of both CAP2 protein and mRNA. The CAP2 gene encodes cyclase associated protein 2, an actin monomer binding and filament depolymerizing protein and CAP2 knockout mice develop severe dilated cardiomyopathy and muscle weakness. The patient underwent a heart transplant at 1 year of age. Heart tissue explanted at that time also showed nemaline rods and additionally disintegration of the myofibrillar structure. Other extra cardiac concerns include mild hypotonia, atrophic and widened scarring. This is the first description of a patient presenting with nemaline myopathy associated with a pathogenic variant of CAP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharavana Gurunathan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jessica Sebastian
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hoda Z Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shawn C West
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian Feingold
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vivek Peche
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Miguel Reyes-Múgica
- Department of Pathology, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Suneeta Madan-Khetarpal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey Field
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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16
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Martinez HR, Beasley GS, Miller N, Goldberg JF, Jefferies JL. Clinical Insights Into Heritable Cardiomyopathies. Front Genet 2021; 12:663450. [PMID: 33995492 PMCID: PMC8113776 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.663450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies (CMs) encompass a heterogeneous group of structural and functional abnormalities of the myocardium. The phenotypic characteristics of these myocardial diseases range from silent to symptomatic heart failure, to sudden cardiac death due to malignant tachycardias. These diseases represent a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity, cardiac transplantation, and death. Since the discovery of the first locus associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 30 years ago, multiple loci and molecular mechanisms have been associated with these cardiomyopathy phenotypes. Conversely, the disparity between the ever-growing landscape of cardiovascular genetics and the lack of awareness in this field noticeably demonstrates the necessity to update training curricula and educational pathways. This review summarizes the current understanding of heritable CMs, including the most common pathogenic gene variants associated with the morpho-functional types of cardiomyopathies: dilated, hypertrophic, arrhythmogenic, non-compaction, and restrictive. Increased understanding of the genetic/phenotypic associations of these heritable diseases would facilitate risk stratification to leveraging appropriate surveillance and management, and it would additionally provide identification of family members at risk of avoidable cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo R. Martinez
- The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Gary S. Beasley
- The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Noah Miller
- The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Jason F. Goldberg
- The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - John L. Jefferies
- The Cardiovascular Institute, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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17
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Towbin JA, Beasley G. Left Ventricular Noncompaction and Vigorous Physical Activity: What Is the Connection? J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 76:1734-1736. [PMID: 33032734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Towbin
- Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, and University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.
| | - Gary Beasley
- Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, and University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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18
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Abstract
Left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy is a heart disease with relevant potential complications including heart failure, life-threatening arrhythmias, and embolic events. In order to prevent adverse outcomes, it is crucial to appropriately recognize and manage this cardiomyopathy. In this paper, we report the main clinical presentations and imaging modalities used for diagnosis, including echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging. We highlight the role of a comprehensive functional cardiac evaluation and the possible prognostic implications of both systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Furthermore, we summarize clinical factors and imaging findings which have prognostic significance. Finally, we discuss the main management strategies based on phenotypic expressions which are aimed at treating symptoms and preventing complications.
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19
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Fan P, Zhang Y, Lu YT, Yang KQ, Lu PP, Zhang QY, Luo F, Lin YH, Zhou XL, Tian T. Prognostic value of plasma big endothelin-1 in left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy. Heart 2020; 107:836-841. [PMID: 33055147 PMCID: PMC8077223 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2020-317059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the prognostic role of big endothelin-1 (ET-1) in left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC). Methods We prospectively enrolled patients whose LVNC was diagnosed by cardiac MRI and who had big ET-1 data available. Primary end point was a composite of all-cause mortality, heart transplantation, sustained ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation and implanted cardioverter defibrillator discharge. Secondary end point was cardiac death or heart transplantation. Results Altogether, 203 patients (median age 44 years; 70.9% male) were divided into high-level (≥0.42 pmol/L) and low-level (<0.42 pmol/L) big ET-1 groups according to the median value of plasma big ET-1 levels. Ln big ET-1 was positively associated with Ln N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, left ventricular diameter, but negatively related to age and Ln left ventricular ejection fraction. Median follow-up was 1.9 years (IQR 0.9–3.1 years). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that, compared with patients with low levels of big ET-1, those with high levels were at greater risk for meeting both primary (p<0.001) and secondary (p<0.001) end points. The C-statistic estimation of Ln big ET-1 for predicting the primary outcome was 0.755 (95% CI 0.685 to 0.824, p<0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, Ln big ET-1 was identified as an independent predictor of the composite primary outcome (HR 1.83, 95% CI 1.27 to 2.62, p=0.001) and secondary outcome (HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.32 to 2.83, p=0.001). Conclusions Plasma big ET-1 may be a valuable index to predict the clinical adverse outcomes in patients with LVNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Ting Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kun-Qi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Pei Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong-Yu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Hui Lin
- Diagnostic Laboratory Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Liang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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20
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Hirono K, Hata Y, Miyao N, Okabe M, Takarada S, Nakaoka H, Ibuki K, Ozawa S, Origasa H, Nishida N, Ichida F. Increased Burden of Ion Channel Gene Variants Is Related to Distinct Phenotypes in Pediatric Patients With Left Ventricular Noncompaction. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2020; 13:e002940. [PMID: 32600061 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.119.002940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a hereditary type of cardiomyopathy. Although it is associated with high morbidity and mortality, the related ion channel gene variants in children have not been fully investigated. This study aimed to elucidate the ion channel genetic landscape of LVNC and identify genotype-phenotype correlations in a large Japanese cohort. METHODS We enrolled 206 children with LVNC from 2002 to 2017 in Japan. LVNC was classified as follows: LVNC with congenital heart defects, arrhythmia, dilated phenotype, or normal function. In the enrolled patients, 182 genes associated with cardiomyopathy were screened using next-generation sequencing. RESULTS We identified 99 pathogenic variants in 40 genes in 87 patients. Of the pathogenic variants, 8.8% were in genes associated with channelopathies, 27% were in sarcomere genes, and 11.5% were in mitochondrial genes. Ion channel gene variants were mostly associated with the arrhythmia classification, whereas sarcomere and mitochondrial gene variants were associated with the dilated phenotype. Echocardiography revealed that the group with ion channel gene variants had almost normal LV ejection fraction and LV diastolic diameter Z scores. Fragmented QRS, old age, and an arrhythmia phenotype were the most significant risk factors for ventricular tachycardia (P=0.165, 0.0428, and 0.0074, respectively). Moreover, the group with ion channel variants exhibited a greater risk of a higher prevalence of arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia, rather than congestive heart failure. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study that focused on genotype-phenotype correlations in a large pediatric LVNC patient cohort with ion channel gene variants that were determined using next-generation sequencing. Ion channel gene variants were strongly correlated with arrhythmia phenotypes. Genetic testing and phenotype specification allow for appropriate medical management of specific LVNC targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Hirono
- Departments of Pediatrics (K.H., N.M., M.O., S.T., H.N., K.I., S.O., F.I.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hata
- Legal Medicine (Y.H., N.N.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Nariaki Miyao
- Departments of Pediatrics (K.H., N.M., M.O., S.T., H.N., K.I., S.O., F.I.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Mako Okabe
- Departments of Pediatrics (K.H., N.M., M.O., S.T., H.N., K.I., S.O., F.I.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Shinya Takarada
- Departments of Pediatrics (K.H., N.M., M.O., S.T., H.N., K.I., S.O., F.I.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nakaoka
- Departments of Pediatrics (K.H., N.M., M.O., S.T., H.N., K.I., S.O., F.I.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan.,Legal Medicine (Y.H., N.N.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Keijiro Ibuki
- Departments of Pediatrics (K.H., N.M., M.O., S.T., H.N., K.I., S.O., F.I.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ozawa
- Departments of Pediatrics (K.H., N.M., M.O., S.T., H.N., K.I., S.O., F.I.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Hideki Origasa
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology (H.O.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Naoki Nishida
- Legal Medicine (Y.H., N.N.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
| | - Fukiko Ichida
- Departments of Pediatrics (K.H., N.M., M.O., S.T., H.N., K.I., S.O., F.I.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
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21
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Parrotta EI, Lucchino V, Scaramuzzino L, Scalise S, Cuda G. Modeling Cardiac Disease Mechanisms Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes: Progress, Promises and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4354. [PMID: 32575374 PMCID: PMC7352327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a class of disorders affecting the heart or blood vessels. Despite progress in clinical research and therapy, CVDs still represent the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The hallmarks of cardiac diseases include heart dysfunction and cardiomyocyte death, inflammation, fibrosis, scar tissue, hyperplasia, hypertrophy, and abnormal ventricular remodeling. The loss of cardiomyocytes is an irreversible process that leads to fibrosis and scar formation, which, in turn, induce heart failure with progressive and dramatic consequences. Both genetic and environmental factors pathologically contribute to the development of CVDs, but the precise causes that trigger cardiac diseases and their progression are still largely unknown. The lack of reliable human model systems for such diseases has hampered the unraveling of the underlying molecular mechanisms and cellular processes involved in heart diseases at their initial stage and during their progression. Over the past decade, significant scientific advances in the field of stem cell biology have literally revolutionized the study of human disease in vitro. Remarkably, the possibility to generate disease-relevant cell types from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has developed into an unprecedented and powerful opportunity to achieve the long-standing ambition to investigate human diseases at a cellular level, uncovering their molecular mechanisms, and finally to translate bench discoveries into potential new therapeutic strategies. This review provides an update on previous and current research in the field of iPSC-driven cardiovascular disease modeling, with the aim of underlining the potential of stem-cell biology-based approaches in the elucidation of the pathophysiology of these life-threatening diseases.
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22
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Shaboodien G, Spracklen TF, Kamuli S, Ndibangwi P, Van Niekerk C, Ntusi NAB. Genetics of inherited cardiomyopathies in Africa. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2020; 10:262-278. [PMID: 32420109 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2019.10.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is rising disproportionately in comparison to the rest of the world, affecting urban, semi-urban and rural dwellers alike. NCDs are predicted to surpass infections like human immunodeficiency virus, tuberculosis and malaria as the leading cause of mortality in SSA over the next decade. Heart failure (HF) is the dominant form of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and a leading cause of NCD in SSA. The main causes of HF in SSA are hypertension, cardiomyopathies, rheumatic heart disease, pericardial disease, and to a lesser extent, coronary heart disease. Of these, the cardiomyopathies deserve greater attention because of the relatively poor understanding of mechanisms of disease, poor outcomes and the disproportionate impact they have on young, economically active individuals. Morphofunctionally, cardiomyopathies are classified as dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive and arrhythmogenic; regardless of classification, at least half of these are inherited forms of CVD. In this review, we summarise all studies that have investigated the incidence of cardiomyopathy across Africa, with a focus on the inherited cardiomyopathies. We also review data on the molecular genetic underpinnings of cardiomyopathy in Africa, where there is a striking lack of studies reporting on the genetics of cardiomyopathy. We highlight the impact that genetic testing, through candidate gene screening, association studies and next generation sequencing technologies such as whole exome sequencing and targeted resequencing has had on the understanding of cardiomyopathy in Africa. Finally, we emphasise the need for future studies to fill large gaps in our knowledge in relation to the genetics of inherited cardiomyopathies in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gasnat Shaboodien
- Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Timothy F Spracklen
- Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stephen Kamuli
- Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Polycarp Ndibangwi
- Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Carla Van Niekerk
- Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ntobeko A B Ntusi
- Cardiovascular Genetics Laboratory, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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23
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Sun Q, Guo J, Hao C, Guo R, Hu X, Chen Y, Yang W, Li W, Feng Y. Whole-exome sequencing reveals two de novo variants in the RBM20 gene in two Chinese patients with left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy. Pediatr Investig 2020; 4:11-16. [PMID: 32851336 PMCID: PMC7331393 DOI: 10.1002/ped4.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Pathogenic variants in the RBM20 gene are associated with aggressive dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Recently, RBM20 was found to be associated with left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC). Thus far, only five families with LVNC have been reported to carry variants in RBM20. It remains unknown whether the variants in RBM20 associated with DCM can also cause LVNC. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the causative RBM20 variant in two unrelated patients with both LVNC and DCM, and to identify the clinical characteristics associated with variants in RBM20. METHODS Trio whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed. Variants were filtered and classified in accordance with the guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). RESULTS We identified two distinct de novo variants in RBM20 (one per patient) in these two patients with LVNC. Both variants have been reported in patients with DCM, without the LVNC phenotype. Patient 1 was an 11-year-old girl who had DCM, LVNC, and heart failure; the ratio of noncompacted-to-compacted myocardium was 2.7:1. A de novo heterozygous variant c.1907G>A (p.Arg636His) in exon 9 was identified in this patient. Patient 2 was a 13-year-old boy who had clinical phenotypes identical to those of Patient 1; the ratio of noncompacted-to-compacted myocardium was 3.2:1 in this patient. WES revealed a de novo heterozygous variant c.1909A>G (p.Ser637Gly) in exon 9. Both variants were previously characterized as pathogenic, and our study classified them as pathogenic variants based on the ACMG guidelines. INTERPRETATION We found that two patients with LVNC had variants in RBM20. Our results extended the clinical spectrum of the two RBM20 variants and illustrated that the same variant in RBM20 can cause DCM, with or without the LVNC phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqing Sun
- Department of CardiologyChildren’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Jun Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute; MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children; Genetics and Birth Defects Control Center, Beijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical University, National Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pediatric Inherited & Metabolic DiseasesHenan Children’s HospitalZhengzhou Hospital of Beijing Children’s HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Chanjuan Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute; MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children; Genetics and Birth Defects Control Center, Beijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical University, National Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pediatric Inherited & Metabolic DiseasesHenan Children’s HospitalZhengzhou Hospital of Beijing Children’s HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Ruolan Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute; MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children; Genetics and Birth Defects Control Center, Beijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical University, National Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pediatric Inherited & Metabolic DiseasesHenan Children’s HospitalZhengzhou Hospital of Beijing Children’s HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Xuyun Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute; MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children; Genetics and Birth Defects Control Center, Beijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical University, National Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pediatric Inherited & Metabolic DiseasesHenan Children’s HospitalZhengzhou Hospital of Beijing Children’s HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Yuanying Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute; MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children; Genetics and Birth Defects Control Center, Beijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical University, National Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pediatric Inherited & Metabolic DiseasesHenan Children’s HospitalZhengzhou Hospital of Beijing Children’s HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Weili Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pediatric Inherited & Metabolic DiseasesHenan Children’s HospitalZhengzhou Hospital of Beijing Children’s HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute; MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children; Genetics and Birth Defects Control Center, Beijing Children’s HospitalCapital Medical University, National Center for Children’s HealthBeijingChina
- Henan Key Laboratory of Pediatric Inherited & Metabolic DiseasesHenan Children’s HospitalZhengzhou Hospital of Beijing Children’s HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Yingjun Feng
- Department of CardiologyChildren’s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou Children’s HospitalZhengzhouChina
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24
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Ge M, Bai X, Liu A, Liu L, Tian J, Lu T. An eIF3a gene mutation dysregulates myocardium growth with left ventricular noncompaction via the p-ERK1/2 pathway. Genes Dis 2020; 8:545-554. [PMID: 34179316 PMCID: PMC8209309 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a heterogeneous disorder with unclear genetic causes and an unknown mechanism. eIF3a, an important member of the Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) family, is involved in multiple biological processes, including cell proliferation and migration during myocardial development, suggesting it could play a role in LVNC development. To investigate the association between a novel variant (c.1145 A- > G) in eIF3a and LVNC, and explore potential mechanisms that could lead to the development of LVNC. A novel eIF3a variant, c.1145 A- > G, was identified by whole-exome sequencing in a familial pedigree with LVNC. Adenovirus vectors containing wild-type eIF3a and the mutated version were constructed and co-infected into H9C2 cells. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell migration, and differentiation, as well as phosphorylation of ERK1/2 were studied and were measured by proliferation assays, flow cytometry, real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. The eIF3a mutation inhibited the proliferation of H9C2 cells, induced apoptosis, promoted cell migration, and inhibited the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). The effect of the eIF3a mutation may be attributed to a decrease in expression of p-ERK1/2. A novel eIF3a gene mutation disrupted the p-ERK1/2 pathway and caused decreased myocardium proliferation, differentiation, accelerated migration.This finding may provide some insight into the mechanism involved in LVNC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401122, PR China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 401122, PR China
| | - Xuehan Bai
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401122, PR China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 401122, PR China
| | - Aoyi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401122, PR China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 401122, PR China
| | - Lingjuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401122, PR China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 401122, PR China
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401122, PR China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 401122, PR China
| | - Tiewei Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401122, PR China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 401122, PR China
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25
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Nguyen Q, Lim KRQ, Yokota T. Genome Editing for the Understanding and Treatment of Inherited Cardiomyopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E733. [PMID: 31979133 PMCID: PMC7036815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are diseases of heart muscle, a significant percentage of which are genetic in origin. Cardiomyopathies can be classified as dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive, arrhythmogenic right ventricular or left ventricular non-compaction, although mixed morphologies are possible. A subset of neuromuscular disorders, notably Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies, are also characterized by cardiomyopathy aside from skeletal myopathy. The global burden of cardiomyopathies is certainly high, necessitating further research and novel therapies. Genome editing tools, which include zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) systems have emerged as increasingly important technologies in studying this group of cardiovascular disorders. In this review, we discuss the applications of genome editing in the understanding and treatment of cardiomyopathy. We also describe recent advances in genome editing that may help improve these applications, and some future prospects for genome editing in cardiomyopathy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Nguyen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2H7, Canada; (Q.N.); (K.R.Q.L.)
| | - Kenji Rowel Q. Lim
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2H7, Canada; (Q.N.); (K.R.Q.L.)
| | - Toshifumi Yokota
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2H7, Canada; (Q.N.); (K.R.Q.L.)
- The Friends of Garrett Cumming Research & Muscular Dystrophy Canada, HM Toupin Neurological Science Research Chair, Edmonton, AB T6G2H7, Canada
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26
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Al Hussein H, Al Hussein H, Stroe V, Harpa M, Ghiragosian C, Goia CM, Opris CE, Suciu H. Different Manifestations in Familial Isolated Left Ventricular Non-compaction: Two Case Reports and Literature Review. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:370. [PMID: 32775315 PMCID: PMC7381327 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is a form of cardiomyopathy characterized by prominent trabeculae and deep intertrabecular recesses which form a distinct "non-compacted" layer in the myocardium. It results from intrauterine arrest of the compaction process of the left ventricular myocardium. Clinical manifestations vary from asymptomatic to heart failure (HF), arrhythmias, or thromboembolic events. We present a case of mother and son diagnosed with isolated LVNC (ILVNC). A 4-years-old male patient, diagnosed at 3 months with ILVNC, and NYHA functional class IV HF, was admitted to the Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases and Transplantation of Targu Mures, Romania, for cardiologic reevaluation, and diagnosis confirmation. ILVNC was confirmed using echocardiography, revealing a non-compaction to compaction (NC/C) ratio of > 2.7. His evolution was stationary until the age of 8 years, when severe pneumonia caused hemodynamic decompensation, and he was listed for heart transplantation (HT). The patient underwent HT at the age of 11 years with favorable postoperative outcome. Meanwhile, a 22-years-old female patient, mother of the aforementioned patient, was also admitted to our institute due to severe fatigue, dyspnea, and recurrent palpitations with multiple implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shock delivery. Extensive medical history revealed that a presumptive ILVNC diagnosis was established when she was 11 years old. She was asymptomatic until 18 years old, when 3 months post-partum, she developed NYHA functional class III HF, and subsequently underwent ICD implantation. Her diagnosis was confirmed using multi-detector computed tomography angiography, which revealed a NC/C ratio of > 3.3. ICD adjustments were carried out with a favorable evolution under chronic drug therapy. The last evaluation, at 27 years old, revealed that she was in NYHA functional class II HF. In conclusion, ILVNC, even when familial, can present different clinical pictures and therefore requires different medical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamida Al Hussein
- Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Târgu Mureş, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Hussam Al Hussein
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Târgu Mureş, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Valentin Stroe
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Târgu Mureş, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Marius Harpa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Târgu Mureş, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Claudiu Ghiragosian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Târgu Mureş, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Cristina Maria Goia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Târgu Mureş, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Carmen Elena Opris
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Târgu Mureş, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Horatiu Suciu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Târgu Mureş, Târgu Mureş, Romania
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27
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Li S, Zhang C, Liu N, Bai H, Hou C, Wang J, Song L, Pu J. Genotype-Positive Status Is Associated With Poor Prognoses in Patients With Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 7:e009910. [PMID: 30371277 PMCID: PMC6474962 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy ( LVNC ) is a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous disease. This study aims to investigate the genetic basis and genotype-phenotype correlations in a cohort of Chinese patients with LVNC . Methods and Results A total of 72 cardiomyopathy-associated genes were comprehensively screened in 83 adults and 17 children with LVNC by targeted sequencing. Pathogenicity of the detected variants was determined according to their prevalence and American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics recommendations. Baseline and follow-up clinical data were collected. The primary end point was a composite of death and heart transplantation. Overall, 42 pathogenic variants were identified in 38 patients (38%), with TTN , MYH 7, MYBPC 3, and DSP being the most commonly involved genes. At baseline, genotype-positive adults had higher rates of atrial fibrillation and family history, and lower left ventricular ejection fraction, compared with genotype-negative adults. During a median follow-up of 4.2 years, more primary end points occurred in genotype-positive adults than in genotype-negative adults (50.0% versus 23.5%; P=0.013). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that genotype-positive status was associated with higher risks of death and heart transplantation, independent of age, sex, and cardiac function at baseline in patients with LVNC (adjusted hazards ratio, 2.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-5.37; P=0.020). Conclusions Our study revealed a distinct genetic spectrum in Chinese patients with LVNC , with variants in TTN , MYH 7, MYBPC 3, and DSP being the most common. The presence of pathogenic variants is an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes and may aid in risk stratification in adult patients. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Li
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China.,2 Department of Cardiology Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Ce Zhang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China.,2 Department of Cardiology Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Nana Liu
- 3 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH
| | - Hui Bai
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China.,2 Department of Cardiology Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Cuihong Hou
- 2 Department of Cardiology Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Jizheng Wang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Lei Song
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China.,2 Department of Cardiology Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Jielin Pu
- 2 Department of Cardiology Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China.,4 Department of Cardiology Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University Shanghai China
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28
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Shi WY, Moreno-Betancur M, Nugent AW, Cheung M, Colan S, Turner C, Sholler GF, Robertson T, Justo R, Bullock A, King I, Davis AM, Daubeney PEF, Weintraub RG. Long-Term Outcomes of Childhood Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy: Results From a National Population-Based Study. Circulation 2019. [PMID: 29514799 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.032262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term outcomes for childhood left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) are uncertain. We examined late outcomes for children with LVNC enrolled in a national population-based study. METHODS The National Australian Childhood Cardiomyopathy Study includes all children in Australia with primary cardiomyopathy diagnosed before 10 years of age between 1987 and 1996. Outcomes for subjects with LVNC with a dilated phenotype (LVNC-D) were compared with outcomes for those with dilated cardiomyopathy. Propensity-score analysis was used for risk factor adjustment. RESULTS There were 29 subjects with LVNC (9.2% of all cardiomyopathy subjects), with a mean annual incidence of newly diagnosed cases of 0.11 per 100 000 at-risk individuals. Congestive heart failure was the initial symptom in 24 of 29 subjects (83%), and 27 (93%) had LVNC-D. The median age at diagnosis was 0.3 (interquartile interval, 0.08-1.3) years. The median duration of follow-up was 6.8 (interquartile interval, 0.7-24.0) years for all subjects and 24.7 (interquartile interval, 23.3 - 27.7) years for surviving subjects. Freedom from death or transplantation was 48% (95% confidence interval [CI], 30-65) at 10 years after diagnosis and 45% (95% CI, 27-63) at 15 years. In competing-risk analysis, 21% of subjects with LVNC were alive with normal left ventricular systolic function, and 31% were alive with abnormal function at 15 years. Propensity-score matching between subjects with LVNC-D and those with dilated cardiomyopathy suggested a lower freedom from death/transplantation at 15 years after diagnosis in the subjects with LVNC-D (LVNC-D, 46% [95% CI, 26-66] versus dilated cardiomyopathy, 70% [95% CI, 42-97]; P=0.08). Using propensity-score inverse probability of treatment-weighted Cox regression, we found evidence that LVNC-D was associated with a greater risk of death or transplantation (hazard ratio, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.4-3.8; P=0.0012). CONCLUSIONS Symptomatic children with LVNC usually present in early infancy with a predominant dilated phenotype. Long-term outcomes are worse than for matched children with dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Y Shi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery (W.Y.S.).,Melbourne, Australia (W.Y.S.).,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia (W.Y.S., M.M.-B., I.K., A.M.D., R.G.W.).,University of Melbourne, Australia (W.Y.S., M.M.-B., A.M.D., R.G.W.)
| | - Margarita Moreno-Betancur
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia (W.Y.S., M.M.-B., I.K., A.M.D., R.G.W.).,University of Melbourne, Australia (W.Y.S., M.M.-B., A.M.D., R.G.W.)
| | - Alan W Nugent
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas (A.W.N.)
| | - Michael Cheung
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Children's Hospital (M.C., A.M.D., R.G.W.)
| | - Steven Colan
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (S.C.)
| | - Christian Turner
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia (C.T.)
| | - Gary F Sholler
- Department of Cardiology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia (G.F.S.)
| | - Terry Robertson
- Department of Cardiology, Mater Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia (T.R., R.J.)
| | - Robert Justo
- Department of Cardiology, Mater Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia (T.R., R.J.)
| | - Andrew Bullock
- Department of Cardiology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Perth, Australia (A.B.)
| | - Ingrid King
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia (W.Y.S., M.M.-B., I.K., A.M.D., R.G.W.)
| | - Andrew M Davis
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Children's Hospital (M.C., A.M.D., R.G.W.).,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia (W.Y.S., M.M.-B., I.K., A.M.D., R.G.W.).,University of Melbourne, Australia (W.Y.S., M.M.-B., A.M.D., R.G.W.)
| | - Piers E F Daubeney
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom (P.E.F.D.).,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom (P.E.F.D.)
| | - Robert G Weintraub
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Children's Hospital (M.C., A.M.D., R.G.W.).,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia (W.Y.S., M.M.-B., I.K., A.M.D., R.G.W.).,University of Melbourne, Australia (W.Y.S., M.M.-B., A.M.D., R.G.W.)
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29
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Karatza A, Mylonas KS, Tzifa A. Left ventricular non-compaction in a child with bicuspid aortic valve and aortic coarctation. Cardiol Young 2019; 29:1208-1210. [PMID: 31379312 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951119001707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We present the case of a 3-year-old boy with bicuspid aortic valve, aortic coarctation, and left ventricular non-compaction. The diagnosis was made post-natally with ultrasonography and was verified by cardiac MRI. Aortic coarctation was initially repaired surgically. At age 3 months, recoarctation and heart failure developed. Balloon angioplasty was performed with immediate improvement. At age 3 years, the patient remains asymptomatic and normotensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ageliki Karatza
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Konstantinos S Mylonas
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Mitera Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Aphrodite Tzifa
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Mitera Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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30
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Epigenetics and Mechanobiology in Heart Development and Congenital Heart Disease. Diseases 2019; 7:diseases7030052. [PMID: 31480510 PMCID: PMC6787645 DOI: 10.3390/diseases7030052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect worldwide and the number one killer of live-born infants in the United States. Heart development occurs early in embryogenesis and involves complex interactions between multiple cell populations, limiting the understanding and consequent treatment of CHD. Furthermore, genome sequencing has largely failed to predict or yield therapeutics for CHD. In addition to the underlying genome, epigenetics and mechanobiology both drive heart development. A growing body of evidence implicates the aberrant regulation of these two extra-genomic systems in the pathogenesis of CHD. In this review, we describe the stages of human heart development and the heart defects known to manifest at each stage. Next, we discuss the distinct and overlapping roles of epigenetics and mechanobiology in normal development and in the pathogenesis of CHD. Finally, we highlight recent advances in the identification of novel epigenetic biomarkers and environmental risk factors that may be useful for improved diagnosis and further elucidation of CHD etiology.
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31
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Sandireddy R, Cibi DM, Gupta P, Singh A, Tee N, Uemura A, Epstein JA, Singh MK. Semaphorin 3E/PlexinD1 signaling is required for cardiac ventricular compaction. JCI Insight 2019; 4:125908. [PMID: 31434798 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is one of the most common forms of genetic cardiomyopathy characterized by excessive trabeculation and impaired myocardial compaction during fetal development. Patients with LVNC are at higher risk of developing left/right ventricular failure or both. Although the key regulators for cardiac chamber development are well studied, the role of semaphorin (Sema)/plexin signaling in this process remains poorly understood. In this article, we demonstrate that genetic deletion of Plxnd1, a class-3 Sema receptor in endothelial cells, leads to severe cardiac chamber defects. They were characterized by excessive trabeculation and noncompaction similar to patients with LVNC. Loss of Plxnd1 results in decreased expression of extracellular matrix proteolytic genes, leading to excessive deposition of cardiac jelly. We demonstrate that Plxnd1 deficiency is associated with an increase in Notch1 expression and its downstream target genes. In addition, inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway partially rescues the excessive trabeculation and noncompaction phenotype present in Plxnd1 mutants. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Semaphorin 3E (Sema3E), one of PlexinD1's known ligands, is expressed in the developing heart and is required for myocardial compaction. Collectively, our study uncovers what we believe to be a previously undescribed role of the Sema3E/PlexinD1 signaling pathway in myocardial trabeculation and the compaction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reddemma Sandireddy
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dasan Mary Cibi
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Priyanka Gupta
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anamika Singh
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole Tee
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Center Singapore, Singapore
| | - Akiyoshi Uemura
- Department of Retinal Vascular Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jonathan A Epstein
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Manvendra K Singh
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Center Singapore, Singapore
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32
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Torres Matiz JA, Bueno J. Diagnóstico y estudio de cardiopatías infrecuentes: multimodalidad – miocardiopatía no compactada del ventrículo izquierdo. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rccar.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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33
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Towbin JA, McKenna WJ, Abrams DJ, Ackerman MJ, Calkins H, Darrieux FCC, Daubert JP, de Chillou C, DePasquale EC, Desai MY, Estes NAM, Hua W, Indik JH, Ingles J, James CA, John RM, Judge DP, Keegan R, Krahn AD, Link MS, Marcus FI, McLeod CJ, Mestroni L, Priori SG, Saffitz JE, Sanatani S, Shimizu W, van Tintelen JP, Wilde AAM, Zareba W. 2019 HRS expert consensus statement on evaluation, risk stratification, and management of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Heart Rhythm 2019; 16:e301-e372. [PMID: 31078652 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an arrhythmogenic disorder of the myocardium not secondary to ischemic, hypertensive, or valvular heart disease. ACM incorporates a broad spectrum of genetic, systemic, infectious, and inflammatory disorders. This designation includes, but is not limited to, arrhythmogenic right/left ventricular cardiomyopathy, cardiac amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, Chagas disease, and left ventricular noncompaction. The ACM phenotype overlaps with other cardiomyopathies, particularly dilated cardiomyopathy with arrhythmia presentation that may be associated with ventricular dilatation and/or impaired systolic function. This expert consensus statement provides the clinician with guidance on evaluation and management of ACM and includes clinically relevant information on genetics and disease mechanisms. PICO questions were utilized to evaluate contemporary evidence and provide clinical guidance related to exercise in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Recommendations were developed and approved by an expert writing group, after a systematic literature search with evidence tables, and discussion of their own clinical experience, to present the current knowledge in the field. Each recommendation is presented using the Class of Recommendation and Level of Evidence system formulated by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association and is accompanied by references and explanatory text to provide essential context. The ongoing recognition of the genetic basis of ACM provides the opportunity to examine the diverse triggers and potential common pathway for the development of disease and arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Towbin
- Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - William J McKenna
- University College London, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - N A Mark Estes
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wei Hua
- Fu Wai Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Julia H Indik
- University of Arizona, Sarver Heart Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Jodie Ingles
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Roy M John
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Daniel P Judge
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Roberto Keegan
- Hospital Privado Del Sur, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital Español, Bahia Blanca, Argentina
| | | | - Mark S Link
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Frank I Marcus
- University of Arizona, Sarver Heart Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Luisa Mestroni
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Silvia G Priori
- University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart); ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Wataru Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J Peter van Tintelen
- University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Utrecht University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Department of Genetics, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Arthur A M Wilde
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-Heart); University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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Li CJ, Chen CS, Yiang GT, Tsai APY, Liao WT, Wu MY. Advanced Evolution of Pathogenesis Concepts in Cardiomyopathies. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8040520. [PMID: 30995779 PMCID: PMC6518034 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8040520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is a group of heterogeneous cardiac diseases that impair systolic and diastolic function, and can induce chronic heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Cardiomyopathy is prevalent in the general population, with high morbidity and mortality rates, and contributes to nearly 20% of sudden cardiac deaths in younger individuals. Genetic mutations associated with cardiomyopathy play a key role in disease formation, especially the mutation of sarcomere encoding genes and ATP kinase genes, such as titin, lamin A/C, myosin heavy chain 7, and troponin T1. Pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy occurs by multiple complex steps involving several pathways, including the Ras-Raf-mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-activated kinase pathway, G-protein signaling, mechanotransduction pathway, and protein kinase B/phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling. Excess biomechanical stress induces apoptosis signaling in cardiomyocytes, leading to cell loss, which can induce myocardial fibrosis and remodeling. The clinical features and pathophysiology of cardiomyopathy are discussed. Although several basic and clinical studies have investigated the mechanism of cardiomyopathy, the detailed pathophysiology remains unclear. This review summarizes current concepts and focuses on the molecular mechanisms of cardiomyopathy, especially in the signaling from mutation to clinical phenotype, with the aim of informing the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Sheng Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Giou-Teng Yiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Andy Po-Yi Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
| | - Wan-Ting Liao
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
- Chinese Medicine Department, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Yu Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
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Hirono K, Hata Y, Nakazawa M, Momoi N, Tsuji T, Matsuoka T, Ayusawa M, Abe Y, Hayashi T, Tsujii N, Abe T, Sakaguchi H, Wang C, Takasaki A, Takarada S, Okabe M, Miyao N, Nakaoka H, Ibuki K, Saito K, Ozawa S, Nishida N, Bowles NE, Ichida F. Clinical and Echocardiographic Impact of Tafazzin Variants on Dilated Cardiomyopathy Phenotype in Left Ventricular Non-Compaction Patients in Early Infancy. Circ J 2018; 82:2609-2618. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-18-0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Hirono
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Yukiko Hata
- Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Makoto Nakazawa
- Department of Pediatric and Lifelong Congenital Cardiology Institute, Southern Tohoku Research Institute for Neuroscience, Southern Tohoku General Hospital
| | - Nobuo Momoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Tohru Tsuji
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Taro Matsuoka
- Department of Pediatrics, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital
| | - Mamoru Ayusawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | - Yuriko Abe
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Tadaaki Abe
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata City General Hospital
| | - Heima Sakaguchi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Ce Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Asami Takasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Shinya Takarada
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Mako Okabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Nariaki Miyao
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Hideyuki Nakaoka
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Keijiro Ibuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Kazuyoshi Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Sayaka Ozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Naoki Nishida
- Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Neil E. Bowles
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Safety, University of Utah
| | - Fukiko Ichida
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama
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36
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Liu Y, Chen H, Shou W. Potential Common Pathogenic Pathways for the Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy (LVNC). Pediatr Cardiol 2018; 39:1099-1106. [PMID: 29766225 PMCID: PMC6093786 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-018-1882-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ventricular trabeculation and compaction are two essential morphogenetic events for generating a functionally competent ventricular wall. A significant reduction in trabeculation is usually associated with hypoplastic wall and ventricular compact zone deficiencies, which commonly leads to embryonic heart failure and early embryonic lethality. In contrast, the arrest of ventricular wall compaction (noncompaction) is believed to be causative to the left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC), a genetically heterogeneous disorder and the third most common cardiomyopathy among pediatric patients. After critically reviewing recent findings from genetically engineered mouse models, we suggest a model which proposes that defects in myofibrillogenesis and polarization in trabecular cardiomyocytes underly the common pathogenic mechanism for ventricular noncompaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hanying Chen
- Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Weinian Shou
- Riley Heart Research Center, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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37
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Deletion of Nkx2-5 in trabecular myocardium reveals the developmental origins of pathological heterogeneity associated with ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007502. [PMID: 29979676 PMCID: PMC6051668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is a rare cardiomyopathy associated with a hypertrabeculated phenotype and a large spectrum of symptoms. It is still unclear whether LVNC results from a defect of ventricular trabeculae development and the mechanistic basis that underlies the varying severity of this pathology is unknown. To investigate these issues, we inactivated the cardiac transcription factor Nkx2-5 in trabecular myocardium at different stages of trabecular morphogenesis using an inducible Cx40-creERT2 allele. Conditional deletion of Nkx2-5 at embryonic stages, during trabecular formation, provokes a severe hypertrabeculated phenotype associated with subendocardial fibrosis and Purkinje fiber hypoplasia. A milder phenotype was observed after Nkx2-5 deletion at fetal stages, during trabecular compaction. A longitudinal study of cardiac function in adult Nkx2-5 conditional mutant mice demonstrates that excessive trabeculation is associated with complex ventricular conduction defects, progressively leading to strain defects, and, in 50% of mutant mice, to heart failure. Progressive impaired cardiac function correlates with conduction and strain defects independently of the degree of hypertrabeculation. Transcriptomic analysis of molecular pathways reflects myocardial remodeling with a larger number of differentially expressed genes in the severe versus mild phenotype and identifies Six1 as being upregulated in hypertrabeculated hearts. Our results provide insights into the etiology of LVNC and link its pathogenicity with compromised trabecular development including compaction defects and ventricular conduction system hypoplasia. During fetal heart morphogenesis, formation of the mature ventricular wall requires coordinated compaction of the inner trabecular layer and growth of the outer layer of myocardium. Arrested trabecular development has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertrabeculation associated with ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy. However much uncertainty still exists among clinicians concerning the physiopathology of ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy, including its clinical characteristics, prognosis, classification and even the definition of hypertrabeculation. In particular, distinguishing between pathological and non-pathological subtypes of non-compaction is currently a major issue. Here we show that deletion of the gene encoding the transcription factor Nkx2-5 at critical steps during trabecular development recapitulates pathological features of hypertrabeculation, providing the first model of ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy in adult mice. We demonstrate that excessive trabeculation due to failure of trabecular compaction during fetal development is associated with Purkinje fiber hypoplasia and subendocardial fibrosis. Longitudinal functional studies reveal that these mice present all the clinical signs of symptomatic left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy, including conduction defects, strain defects and progressive heart failure. Our results, including transcriptomic analysis, suggest that pathological features of non-compaction are primarily developmental defects. This study clarifies the origin of the pathological outcomes associated with LVNC and may provide helpful information for clinicians concerning the etiology of this rare cardiomyopathy.
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Xu Y, Liu X, Li H. Improvement of the Diagnosis of Left Ventricular Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy After Analyzing Both Advantages and Disadvantages of Echocardiography and CMRI. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 61:491-493. [PMID: 29859913 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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39
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Abstract
Ventricular myocardial development is a well-orchestrated process involving different cardiac structures, multiple signal pathways, and myriad proteins. Dysregulation of this important developmental event can result in cardiomyopathies, such as left ventricle non-compaction, which affect the pediatric population and the adults. Human and mouse studies have shed light upon the etiology of some cardiomyopathy cases and highlighted the contribution of both genetic and environmental factors. However, the regulation of ventricular myocardial development remains incompletely understood. Zinc is an essential trace metal with structural, enzymatic, and signaling function. Perturbation of zinc homeostasis has resulted in developmental and physiological defects including cardiomyopathy. In this review, we summarize several mechanisms by which zinc and zinc transporters can impact the regulation of ventricular myocardial development. Based on our review, we propose that zinc deficiency and mutations of zinc transporters may underlie some cardiomyopathy cases especially those involving ventricular myocardial development defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lin
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Deqiang Li
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 800 West Baltimore ST, Rm 314, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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40
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Marino BS, Tabbutt S, MacLaren G, Hazinski MF, Adatia I, Atkins DL, Checchia PA, DeCaen A, Fink EL, Hoffman GM, Jefferies JL, Kleinman M, Krawczeski CD, Licht DJ, Macrae D, Ravishankar C, Samson RA, Thiagarajan RR, Toms R, Tweddell J, Laussen PC. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Infants and Children With Cardiac Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2018; 137:e691-e782. [PMID: 29685887 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac arrest occurs at a higher rate in children with heart disease than in healthy children. Pediatric basic life support and advanced life support guidelines focus on delivering high-quality resuscitation in children with normal hearts. The complexity and variability in pediatric heart disease pose unique challenges during resuscitation. A writing group appointed by the American Heart Association reviewed the literature addressing resuscitation in children with heart disease. MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases were searched from 1966 to 2015, cross-referencing pediatric heart disease with pertinent resuscitation search terms. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association classification of recommendations and levels of evidence for practice guidelines were used. The recommendations in this statement concur with the critical components of the 2015 American Heart Association pediatric basic life support and pediatric advanced life support guidelines and are meant to serve as a resuscitation supplement. This statement is meant for caregivers of children with heart disease in the prehospital and in-hospital settings. Understanding the anatomy and physiology of the high-risk pediatric cardiac population will promote early recognition and treatment of decompensation to prevent cardiac arrest, increase survival from cardiac arrest by providing high-quality resuscitations, and improve outcomes with postresuscitation care.
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41
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Fadl S, Wåhlander H, Fall K, Cao Y, Sunnegårdh J. The highest mortality rates in childhood dilated cardiomyopathy occur during the first year after diagnosis. Acta Paediatr 2018; 107:672-677. [PMID: 29224255 PMCID: PMC5887975 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aim The aim of the study was to assess the incidence, mortality and morbidity of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and noncompaction of the left ventricle (LVNC) in Swedish children. Methods We reviewed hospital records of all children with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) or left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) up to the age of 18 in the healthcare region of western Sweden from 1991 to 2015. Results In total, 69 cases (61% males) were identified. The combined incidence of DCM and LVNC was 0.77 (95% CI 0.59‐0.96) per 100 000 person years. Children were divided into six groups, and their outcomes were analysed depending on their aetiology. Idiopathic DCM was reported in 43%, and familial dilated and left ventricular noncompaction aetiology was present in 32%. DCM due to various diseases occurred in 8%. DCM associated with neuromuscular diseases was present in 16%. The overall risk of death or receiving transplants in children with idiopathic and familial DCM was 30% over the study period, and 21% died in the first year after diagnosis. Conclusion The combined incidence of DCM and LVNC was similar to previous reports. Most children with idiopathic DCM presented during infancy, and mortality was highest during the first year after diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalan Fadl
- Department of Paediatrics; Örebro University Hospital; Örebro Sweden
| | - Håkan Wåhlander
- The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Institution of Clinical Sciences; Gothenburg University; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Katja Fall
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Medical Sciences; Örebro University; Örebro Sweden
| | - Yang Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics; School of Medical Sciences; Örebro University; Örebro Sweden
- Unit of Biostatistics; Institute of Environmental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jan Sunnegårdh
- The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Institution of Clinical Sciences; Gothenburg University; Gothenburg Sweden
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Lin W, Li D, Cheng L, Li L, Liu F, Hand NJ, Epstein JA, Rader DJ. Zinc transporter Slc39a8 is essential for cardiac ventricular compaction. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:826-833. [PMID: 29337306 PMCID: PMC5785267 DOI: 10.1172/jci96993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolated left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) results from excessive trabeculation and impaired myocardial compaction during heart development. The extracellular matrix (ECM) that separates endocardium from myocardium plays a critical but poorly understood role in ventricular trabeculation and compaction. In an attempt to characterize solute carrier family 39 member 8-null (Slc39a8-null) mice, we discovered that homozygous null embryos do not survive embryogenesis and exhibit a cardiac phenotype similar to human LVNC. Slc39a8 encodes a divalent metal cation importer that has been implicated in ECM degradation through the zinc/metal regulatory transcription factor 1 (Zn/MTF1) axis, which promotes the expression of ECM-degrading enzymes, including Adamts metalloproteinases. Here, we have shown that Slc39a8 is expressed by endothelial cells in the developing mouse heart, where it serves to maintain cellular Zn levels. Furthermore, Slc39a8-null hearts exhibited marked ECM accumulation and reduction of several Adamts metalloproteinases. Consistent with the in vivo observations, knockdown of SLC39A8 in HUVECs decreased ADAMTS1 transcription by decreasing cellular Zn uptake and, as a result, MTF1 transcriptional activity. Our study thus identifies a gene underlying ventricular trabeculation and compaction development, and a pathway regulating ECM during myocardial morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deqiang Li
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lan Cheng
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Li Li
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Feiyan Liu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Jonathan A. Epstein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- Department of Genetics
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Miszalski-Jamka K, Jefferies JL, Mazur W, Głowacki J, Hu J, Lazar M, Gibbs RA, Liczko J, Kłyś J, Venner E, Muzny DM, Rycaj J, Białkowski J, Kluczewska E, Kalarus Z, Jhangiani S, Al-Khalidi H, Kukulski T, Lupski JR, Craigen WJ, Bainbridge MN. Novel Genetic Triggers and Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Patients With Left Ventricular Noncompaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 10:CIRCGENETICS.117.001763. [PMID: 28798025 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.117.001763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous disease and, although increasingly recognized in clinical practice, there is a lack of widely accepted diagnostic criteria. We sought to identify novel genetic causes of LVNC and describe genotype-phenotype correlations. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 190 patients from 174 families with left ventricular hypertrabeculation (LVHT) or LVNC were referred for cardiac magnetic resonance and whole-exome sequencing. A total of 425 control individuals were included to identify variants of interest (VOIs). We found an excess of 138 VOIs in 102 (59%) unrelated patients in 54 previously identified LVNC or other known cardiomyopathy genes. VOIs were found in 68 of 90 probands with LVNC and 34 of 84 probands with LVHT (76% and 40%, respectively; P<0.001). We identified 0, 1, and ≥2 VOIs in 72, 74, and 28 probands, respectively. We found increasing number of VOIs in a patient strongly correlated with several markers of disease severity, including ratio of noncompacted to compacted myocardium (P<0.001) and left ventricular ejection fraction (P=0.01). The presence of sarcomeric gene mutations was associated with increased occurrence of late gadolinium enhancement (P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS LVHT and LVNC likely represent a continuum of genotypic disease with differences in severity and variable phenotype explained, in part, by the number of VOIs and whether mutations are present in sarcomeric or nonsarcomeric genes. Presence of VOIs is common in patients with LVHT. Our findings expand the current clinical and genetic diagnostic approaches for patients with LVHT and LVNC.
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Lee TM, Hsu DT, Kantor P, Towbin JA, Ware SM, Colan SD, Chung WK, Jefferies JL, Rossano JW, Castleberry CD, Addonizio LJ, Lal AK, Lamour JM, Miller EM, Thrush PT, Czachor JD, Razoky H, Hill A, Lipshultz SE. Pediatric Cardiomyopathies. Circ Res 2017; 121:855-873. [PMID: 28912187 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric cardiomyopathies are rare diseases with an annual incidence of 1.1 to 1.5 per 100 000. Dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies are the most common; restrictive, noncompaction, and mixed cardiomyopathies occur infrequently; and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy is rare. Pediatric cardiomyopathies can result from coronary artery abnormalities, tachyarrhythmias, exposure to infection or toxins, or secondary to other underlying disorders. Increasingly, the importance of genetic mutations in the pathogenesis of isolated or syndromic pediatric cardiomyopathies is becoming apparent. Pediatric cardiomyopathies often occur in the absence of comorbidities, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, renal dysfunction, and diabetes mellitus; as a result, they offer insights into the primary pathogenesis of myocardial dysfunction. Large international registries have characterized the epidemiology, cause, and outcomes of pediatric cardiomyopathies. Although adult and pediatric cardiomyopathies have similar morphological and clinical manifestations, their outcomes differ significantly. Within 2 years of presentation, normalization of function occurs in 20% of children with dilated cardiomyopathy, and 40% die or undergo transplantation. Infants with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have a 2-year mortality of 30%, whereas death is rare in older children. Sudden death is rare. Molecular evidence indicates that gene expression differs between adult and pediatric cardiomyopathies, suggesting that treatment response may differ as well. Clinical trials to support evidence-based treatments and the development of disease-specific therapies for pediatric cardiomyopathies are in their infancy. This compendium summarizes current knowledge of the genetic and molecular origins, clinical course, and outcomes of the most common phenotypic presentations of pediatric cardiomyopathies and highlights key areas where additional research is required. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifiers: NCT02549664 and NCT01912534.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Lee
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (T.M.L., W.K.C., L.J.A.); Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY (D.T.H., J.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (P.K.); Department of Pediatrics, The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN (J.A.T.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (S.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.L.J., E.M.M.); Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (J.W.R.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (C.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT (A.K.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL (P.T.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (J.D.C., H.R., A.H., S.E.L.).
| | - Daphne T Hsu
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (T.M.L., W.K.C., L.J.A.); Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY (D.T.H., J.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (P.K.); Department of Pediatrics, The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN (J.A.T.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (S.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.L.J., E.M.M.); Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (J.W.R.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (C.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT (A.K.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL (P.T.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (J.D.C., H.R., A.H., S.E.L.)
| | - Paul Kantor
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (T.M.L., W.K.C., L.J.A.); Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY (D.T.H., J.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (P.K.); Department of Pediatrics, The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN (J.A.T.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (S.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.L.J., E.M.M.); Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (J.W.R.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (C.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT (A.K.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL (P.T.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (J.D.C., H.R., A.H., S.E.L.)
| | - Jeffrey A Towbin
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (T.M.L., W.K.C., L.J.A.); Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY (D.T.H., J.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (P.K.); Department of Pediatrics, The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN (J.A.T.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (S.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.L.J., E.M.M.); Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (J.W.R.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (C.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT (A.K.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL (P.T.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (J.D.C., H.R., A.H., S.E.L.)
| | - Stephanie M Ware
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (T.M.L., W.K.C., L.J.A.); Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY (D.T.H., J.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (P.K.); Department of Pediatrics, The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN (J.A.T.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (S.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.L.J., E.M.M.); Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (J.W.R.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (C.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT (A.K.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL (P.T.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (J.D.C., H.R., A.H., S.E.L.)
| | - Steven D Colan
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (T.M.L., W.K.C., L.J.A.); Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY (D.T.H., J.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (P.K.); Department of Pediatrics, The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN (J.A.T.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (S.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.L.J., E.M.M.); Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (J.W.R.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (C.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT (A.K.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL (P.T.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (J.D.C., H.R., A.H., S.E.L.)
| | - Wendy K Chung
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (T.M.L., W.K.C., L.J.A.); Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY (D.T.H., J.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (P.K.); Department of Pediatrics, The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN (J.A.T.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (S.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.L.J., E.M.M.); Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (J.W.R.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (C.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT (A.K.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL (P.T.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (J.D.C., H.R., A.H., S.E.L.)
| | - John L Jefferies
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (T.M.L., W.K.C., L.J.A.); Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY (D.T.H., J.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (P.K.); Department of Pediatrics, The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN (J.A.T.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (S.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.L.J., E.M.M.); Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (J.W.R.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (C.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT (A.K.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL (P.T.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (J.D.C., H.R., A.H., S.E.L.)
| | - Joseph W Rossano
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (T.M.L., W.K.C., L.J.A.); Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY (D.T.H., J.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (P.K.); Department of Pediatrics, The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN (J.A.T.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (S.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.L.J., E.M.M.); Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (J.W.R.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (C.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT (A.K.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL (P.T.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (J.D.C., H.R., A.H., S.E.L.)
| | - Chesney D Castleberry
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (T.M.L., W.K.C., L.J.A.); Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY (D.T.H., J.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (P.K.); Department of Pediatrics, The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN (J.A.T.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (S.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.L.J., E.M.M.); Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (J.W.R.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (C.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT (A.K.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL (P.T.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (J.D.C., H.R., A.H., S.E.L.)
| | - Linda J Addonizio
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (T.M.L., W.K.C., L.J.A.); Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY (D.T.H., J.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (P.K.); Department of Pediatrics, The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN (J.A.T.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (S.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.L.J., E.M.M.); Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (J.W.R.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (C.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT (A.K.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL (P.T.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (J.D.C., H.R., A.H., S.E.L.)
| | - Ashwin K Lal
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (T.M.L., W.K.C., L.J.A.); Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY (D.T.H., J.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (P.K.); Department of Pediatrics, The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN (J.A.T.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (S.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.L.J., E.M.M.); Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (J.W.R.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (C.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT (A.K.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL (P.T.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (J.D.C., H.R., A.H., S.E.L.)
| | - Jacqueline M Lamour
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (T.M.L., W.K.C., L.J.A.); Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY (D.T.H., J.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (P.K.); Department of Pediatrics, The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN (J.A.T.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (S.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.L.J., E.M.M.); Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (J.W.R.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (C.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT (A.K.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL (P.T.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (J.D.C., H.R., A.H., S.E.L.)
| | - Erin M Miller
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (T.M.L., W.K.C., L.J.A.); Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY (D.T.H., J.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (P.K.); Department of Pediatrics, The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN (J.A.T.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (S.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.L.J., E.M.M.); Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (J.W.R.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (C.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT (A.K.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL (P.T.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (J.D.C., H.R., A.H., S.E.L.)
| | - Philip T Thrush
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (T.M.L., W.K.C., L.J.A.); Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY (D.T.H., J.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (P.K.); Department of Pediatrics, The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN (J.A.T.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (S.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.L.J., E.M.M.); Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (J.W.R.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (C.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT (A.K.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL (P.T.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (J.D.C., H.R., A.H., S.E.L.)
| | - Jason D Czachor
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (T.M.L., W.K.C., L.J.A.); Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY (D.T.H., J.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (P.K.); Department of Pediatrics, The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN (J.A.T.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (S.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.L.J., E.M.M.); Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (J.W.R.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (C.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT (A.K.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL (P.T.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (J.D.C., H.R., A.H., S.E.L.)
| | - Hiedy Razoky
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (T.M.L., W.K.C., L.J.A.); Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY (D.T.H., J.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (P.K.); Department of Pediatrics, The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN (J.A.T.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (S.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.L.J., E.M.M.); Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (J.W.R.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (C.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT (A.K.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL (P.T.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (J.D.C., H.R., A.H., S.E.L.)
| | - Ashley Hill
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (T.M.L., W.K.C., L.J.A.); Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY (D.T.H., J.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (P.K.); Department of Pediatrics, The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN (J.A.T.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (S.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.L.J., E.M.M.); Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (J.W.R.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (C.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT (A.K.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL (P.T.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (J.D.C., H.R., A.H., S.E.L.)
| | - Steven E Lipshultz
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (T.M.L., W.K.C., L.J.A.); Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY (D.T.H., J.M.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (P.K.); Department of Pediatrics, The Heart Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN (J.A.T.); Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (S.M.W.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, MA (S.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH (J.L.J., E.M.M.); Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA (J.W.R.); Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (C.D.C.); Department of Pediatrics, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT (A.K.L.); Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL (P.T.T.); and Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit (J.D.C., H.R., A.H., S.E.L.)
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Towbin JA, Jefferies JL. Cardiomyopathies Due to Left Ventricular Noncompaction, Mitochondrial and Storage Diseases, and Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Circ Res 2017; 121:838-854. [PMID: 28912186 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.310987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The normal function of the human myocardium requires the proper generation and utilization of energy and relies on a series of complex metabolic processes to achieve this normal function. When metabolic processes fail to work properly or effectively, heart muscle dysfunction can occur with or without accompanying functional abnormalities of other organ systems, particularly skeletal muscle. These metabolic derangements can result in structural, functional, and infiltrative deficiencies of the heart muscle. Mitochondrial and enzyme defects predominate as disease-related etiologies. In this review, left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy, which is often caused by mutations in sarcomere and cytoskeletal proteins and is also associated with metabolic abnormalities, is discussed. In addition, cardiomyopathies resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic abnormalities, storage diseases, and inborn errors of metabolism are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Towbin
- From the Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH.
| | - John Lynn Jefferies
- From the Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis; and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, OH
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Case report: Left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy and RASopathies. Eur J Med Genet 2017; 60:680-684. [PMID: 28911804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The following is a case report of 6 patients with Noonan syndrome (NS) and/or a related RASsopathy that also have evidence of left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC). Noonan syndrome,a type of RASopathy, is an autosomal dominant disorder that is typically associated with congenital heart defects and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. There have been minimal reports of Noonan syndrome or other RASopathy and the association of LVNC. This report promulgates 6 nonrelated cases of Noonan syndrome or unspecified RASopathy and LVNC.
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Weintraub RG, Semsarian C, Macdonald P. Dilated cardiomyopathy. Lancet 2017; 390:400-414. [PMID: 28190577 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy is defined by the presence of left ventricular dilatation and contractile dysfunction. Genetic mutations involving genes that encode cytoskeletal, sarcomere, and nuclear envelope proteins, among others, account for up to 35% of cases. Acquired causes include myocarditis and exposure to alcohol, drugs and toxins, and metabolic and endocrine disturbances. The most common presenting symptoms relate to congestive heart failure, but can also include circulatory collapse, arrhythmias, and thromboembolic events. Secondary neurohormonal changes contribute to reverse remodelling and ongoing myocyte damage. The prognosis is worst for individuals with the lowest ejection fractions or severe diastolic dysfunction. Treatment of chronic heart failure comprises medications that improve survival and reduce hospital admission-namely, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and β blockers. Other interventions include enrolment in a multidisciplinary heart failure service, and device therapy for arrhythmia management and sudden death prevention. Patients who are refractory to medical therapy might benefit from mechanical circulatory support and heart transplantation. Treatment of preclinical disease and the potential role of stem-cell therapy are being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Weintraub
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Christopher Semsarian
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology, Centenary Institute and Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Macdonald
- St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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England J, Loughna S, Rutland CS. Multiple Species Comparison of Cardiac Troponin T and Dystrophin: Unravelling the DNA behind Dilated Cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2017; 4:E8. [PMID: 29367539 PMCID: PMC5715711 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd4030008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals have frequently been used as models for human disorders and mutations. Following advances in genetic testing and treatment options, and the decreasing cost of these technologies in the clinic, mutations in both companion and commercial animals are now being investigated. A recent review highlighted the genes associated with both human and non-human dilated cardiomyopathy. Cardiac troponin T and dystrophin were observed to be associated with both human and turkey (troponin T) and canine (dystrophin) dilated cardiomyopathies. This review gives an overview of the work carried out in cardiac troponin T and dystrophin to date in both human and animal dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer England
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Siobhan Loughna
- School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Catrin Sian Rutland
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK.
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Abstract
Precision medicine aims to achieve improved survival by strategies that recognize the genetic and phenotypic individuality of patients and stratify treatment accordingly. Genetic cardiomyopathies represent an ideal disease group to fully embark on this concept: they are in total frequent diseases with a marked morbidity and mortality and there is ample knowledge about their predisposing genetic factors and associated functional mechanisms. The current review highlights the genetic etiology and gives examples of the diverse treatment strategies that are envisaged in the future.
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Ersoy M, Akyol MB, Ceylaner S, Çakır Biçer N. A novel frameshift mutation of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency: clinical signs and therapy response of a late-diagnosed case. Clin Case Rep 2017; 5:1284-1288. [PMID: 28781843 PMCID: PMC5538191 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluate the clinical findings and the treatment response of a late‐diagnosed case with a novel homozygous insertion c.13_14insG (p.P6Afs*202) result in a frameshift mutation in MLYCD gene. Both cardiac and neurologic involvements were mild when compared to previously reported cases, and see low‐fat/high‐carbohydrate diet treatment is highly effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Ersoy
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Pediatric Metabolism Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Research and Training Hospital Istanbul Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bedir Akyol
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Pediatric Cardiology Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Research and Training Hospital Istanbul Turkey
| | | | - Nihan Çakır Biçer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Istanbul Arel University Istanbul Turkey
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