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Lawson C, Eyre ELJ, Tallis J, Watts M, Duncan MJ. Identifying actual and perceived motor competence based profiles among children. J Sports Sci 2021; 40:621-629. [PMID: 34875966 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.2009169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop motor competence (MC) profiles in children based on their actual and perceived MC, and to investigate differences in physical activity (PA) behaviour and motivation towards PA between profiles. Two hundred and sixteen British children (7-10 years) took part in this study. Perceived motor competence (PMC) was assessed using the pictorial scale of movement competence. MC was assessed using process-oriented and product-oriented measures. A validated questionnaire assessed motivation towards PA and an objective measure of PA was employed. K-means cluster analysis was used to create profiles. Differences in PA and motivation towards PA were examined using ANCOVAs. Four groups of divergent and convergent levels were identified based on the contribution of either product or process MC with PMC. Motivation towards PA differed by profiles that included actual-process and PMC. Children with high actual process and high PMC had significantly higher levels of autonomous motivation than children with high actual process but low PMC. No significant differences were found between PA levels and profiles. Developing the quality and execution of actual motor competence (AMC) and PMC is key to stimulate motivation towards PA. Furthermore, maintaining AMC and PMC simultaneously may be imperative to children's future PA behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsey Lawson
- School of Health Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Emma L J Eyre
- School of Health Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Jason Tallis
- School of Health Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Matt Watts
- School of Health Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Michael J Duncan
- School of Health Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
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Papadopoulos NV, Whelan M, Skouteris H, Williams K, McGinley J, Shih STF, Emonson C, Moss SA, Sivaratnam C, Whitehouse AJO, Rinehart NJ. An Examination of Parent-Reported Facilitators and Barriers to Organized Physical Activity Engagement for Youth With Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Physical, and Medical Conditions. Front Psychol 2020; 11:568723. [PMID: 33132976 PMCID: PMC7550411 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.568723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Organized physical activity (OPA) is an important contributor to physical, social, and emotional health and well-being; however, young people with disabilities are participating at lower rates than their peers without disabilities. This study aimed to (1) compare facilitators and barriers to OPA for young people with disabilities who currently do and do not participate in OPA and (2) to assess whether groups differed in the type of internal and external assets they reported. Parents of 218 young people (41% with a primary diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder) with a diverse representation of disabilities completed an online survey. Young people were categorized as either participants in OPA (n = 131) or non-participants (n = 87) by parent report. Non-participation was significantly predicted by the barrier “there are no activities my child enjoys” and by a lack of children’s motivation and happiness during OPA. Significant internal assets differentiating participants from non-participants were the ability to understand simple instructions, love of sport, and meeting physical activity guidelines. Significant external assets were parent and sibling participation in OPA, school type, and household income. The findings from this study have important implications for the design of public health interventions that aim to promote OPA in young people with disabilities, highlighting the need to make activities enjoyable, promote participation of siblings and parents, and support low-income families to participate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole V Papadopoulos
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Moira Whelan
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Skouteris
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Katrina Williams
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer McGinley
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sophy T F Shih
- Deakin Health Economics, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Surveillance, Evaluation and Research Program, The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chloe Emonson
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon A Moss
- Research and Research Training, Charles Darwin University, Palmerston City, NT, Australia
| | - Carmel Sivaratnam
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Nicole J Rinehart
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Farmer E, Papadopoulos N, Emonson C, Fuelscher I, Pesce C, McGillivray J, Hyde C, Olive L, Rinehart N. A Preliminary Investigation of the Relationship between Motivation for Physical Activity and Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties in Children Aged 8-12 Years: The Role of Autonomous Motivation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155584. [PMID: 32756316 PMCID: PMC7432478 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
While motivation for physical activity (PA) and PA participation have been linked, research on the relationship between motivation for PA and mental health outcomes is scant, with studies involving children largely underrepresented. Grounded in self-determination theory, this cross-sectional study aimed to determine whether autonomous motivation versus external motivation (a form of controlled motivation) for PA is associated with fewer emotional and behavioural difficulties and higher levels of PA in children. A sample of 87 children (aged 8–12 years) were recruited from five primary schools in Victoria, Australia. An adapted version of the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ) was used to measure motivation for PA and structured parent-report questions were used to assess moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) levels. Parents also completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to measure children’s emotional and behavioural difficulties. Children’s autonomous motivation was associated with fewer emotional and behavioural difficulties (β = −0.25, p = 0.038) and higher levels of MVPA (β = 0.24, p = 0.014). These results indicate autonomous motivation is associated with improved mental health outcomes and higher levels of PA in children. Thus, PA interventions that promote autonomous motivation may enhance children’s mental health compared to interventions that promote mainly controlled forms of motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Farmer
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (E.F.); (C.E.); (J.M.); (C.H.); (N.R.)
| | - Nicole Papadopoulos
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (E.F.); (C.E.); (J.M.); (C.H.); (N.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9244-5295
| | - Chloe Emonson
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (E.F.); (C.E.); (J.M.); (C.H.); (N.R.)
| | - Ian Fuelscher
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development (SEED), School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (I.F.); (L.O.)
| | - Caterina Pesce
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy;
| | - Jane McGillivray
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (E.F.); (C.E.); (J.M.); (C.H.); (N.R.)
| | - Christian Hyde
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (E.F.); (C.E.); (J.M.); (C.H.); (N.R.)
| | - Lisa Olive
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development (SEED), School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (I.F.); (L.O.)
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Nicole Rinehart
- Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (E.F.); (C.E.); (J.M.); (C.H.); (N.R.)
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Malchrowicz-Mośko E, Castañeda-Babarro A, Guereño PL. On the Way to the Marathon-Motivation for Participating in Mass Running Events Among Children and Adolescents: Results of the Poznan Half Marathon Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5098. [PMID: 32679726 PMCID: PMC7400066 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The market for mass sports events geared towards adults is already saturated, while more new initiatives are exclusively targeting children and adolescents. Mass sports events for amateur athletes can be a great way to encourage young people to exercise regularly, such as in cases where physical education classes do not fully play this role. A lot of research has already been conducted on the subject of adult motivation for participating in amateur sports events, i.e., marathons, ultramarathons, duathlons or triathlons. However, the research niche is children and adolescents' motivation. The aim of this study is to recognize motivation among children aged 12 for participating in children's running events in Poland. The study was conducted via a diagnostic survey using the Motives for Physical Activity Measure-Revised (MPAM-R) scale to determine what motivation is most important for young athletes and whether there are any differences in terms of gender. The highest values were obtained by motivation related to fun and enjoyment during sporting events, while the lowest values were obtained by motivation related to social affiliation. Aspects associated with good fun should be promoted during activities related to the marketing of sporting events for young people. This article contains the results obtained from the Poznan Half Marathon pilot study and recommendations for future lines of research. Such results will allow us to understand the motivation behind modern young amateur athletes and to better manage mass sports events that target children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Eugeniusz Piasecki University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznan, Poland
| | - Arkaitz Castañeda-Babarro
- Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, 5001 San Sebastian, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (P.L.G.)
| | - Patxi León Guereño
- Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, 5001 San Sebastian, Spain; (A.C.-B.); (P.L.G.)
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Impact on Physical Fitness of the Chinese CHAMPS: A Clustered Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16224412. [PMID: 31718019 PMCID: PMC6888011 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND School physical activity (PA) policy, physical education curriculum, teacher training, knowledge of physical fitness, and parental support are among the key issues underlying the declining trend of physical fitness in children and adolescents. The Chinese CHAMPS was a multi-faceted intervention program to maximize the opportunities for moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and increase physical fitness in middle school students. The purpose of the study was to test whether the levels of modification in school physical education policy and curriculum incrementally influenced the changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and other physical fitness outcomes. METHODS This 8-month study was a clustered randomized controlled trial using a 2 × 2 factorial design. The participants were 680 7th grade students (mean age = 12.66 years) enrolled in 12 middle schools that were randomly assigned to one of four treatment conditions: school physical education intervention (SPE), afterschool program intervention (ASP), SPE+ASP, and control. Targeted behaviors of the Chinese CHAMPS were the student's sedentary behavior and MVPA. The study outcomes were assessed by a test battery of physical fitness at the baseline and posttest. Sedentary behavior and MVPA were measured in randomly selected students using observations and accelerometry. RESULTS The terms contrasting the pooled effect of SPE, ASP, and SPE+ASP vs. Control, the pooled effect of SPE and SPE+ASP vs. ASP only, and the effect of SPE+ASP vs. ASP on CRF and other physical fitness outcomes were all significant after adjusting for covariates, supporting the study hypothesis. Process evaluation demonstrated high fidelity of the intervention in the targeted students' behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Chinese CHAMPS demonstrated the impact of varying the amount of MVPA and vigorous physical activity (VPA) on the physical fitness in middle school students in support of the need to increase the opportunity for PA in schools and to introduce high-intensity exercises in school-based PA programs. Modification of school policy, quality of physical education curriculum, and teacher training were important moderators of the improvement in physical fitness. (Trial registration: ChiCTR-IOR-14005388, the Childhood Health; Activity and Motor Performance Study.).
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Tang X, Tong Q, Li Z, Chen Z, Weng M, Zhang X, Huang S, Chen Y, Chen Z. Difference and Commonness Among CLP, NON-CLP Patients and Their Parents Seeking for Orthodontic Treatment: A Questionnaire Applying Q Methodology to Investigate Motives. Patient Prefer Adherence 2019; 13:2047-2060. [PMID: 31827321 PMCID: PMC6902877 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s224254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Based on Q methodology, this study investigated the motivation of orthodontic treatment for patients and their parents. Through investigation, this paper attempts to explore the motivational factors of CLP and NON-CLP children and their parents, which are different or general. PATIENTS AND METHODS Q methodology involves 4 phases. (1) Interviews of CLP (N=5), NON-CLP (N=5) patients generated 30 statements (Q-set 1) and CLP (N=5), NON-CLP (N=5) patients' parents produced 36 statements (Q-set 2) about different reasons to pursue orthodontic care. (2) P-set: recruitment participants. The sample comprised 40 CLP patients (G1) and 40 NON-CLP patients (G2) aged 9-16 years, 40 CLP patients' parents (G3) and 40 NON-CLP patients' parents (G4) wanting their children to have orthodontic treatment. (3) Q-sort: 4 groups ranked statements in order of comparative significance using enforced distribution grids (G1, G2 ranked Q-set 1; G3, G4 ranked Q-set 2). (4) Analysis: using the PQMehtod 2.35 vision to analyze data. RESULTS Three factors in each group were identified as representing the most widespread views of the majority of the participants, described as G1: (1) aesthetics, (2) preparation for other oral treatments, (3) timely. G2: (1) admiration of others, aesthetics, (2) oral function, (3) oral hygiene and improvement of smile. G3: (1) worrying about the future of children, parents' responsibilities, children's feelings; (2) mental health, timely; (3) parents' responsibilities, ready for treatment. G4: (1) aesthetics, children's will; (2) future problems, timely; (3) timely, parents' responsibility and no need to worry about physical problems. CONCLUSION CLP and NON-CLP patients and parents have different orthodontic treatment motives, yet, they still shared 3 global motivation themes, respectively. Consideration of these motives may help clinicians develop their treatment discussions with patients and parents, which could consequently improve their cooperation and may achieve a more satisfactory outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Tang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Xu Hui Dental Clinic, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Tong
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhujun Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Jing-an Dental Clinic, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyi Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Xu Hui Dental Clinic, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengjia Weng
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sijing Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhenqi Chen; Yang Chen Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639, Zhi Zao Ju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai200001, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86-021-23271699-5056 Email ;
| | - Zhenqi Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhenqi Chen; Yang Chen Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 639, Zhi Zao Ju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai200001, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86-021-23271699-5056 Email ;
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Willis J, Hophing L, Mahlberg N, Ronen GM. Youth with epilepsy: Their insight into participating in enhanced physical activity study. Epilepsy Behav 2018; 89:63-69. [PMID: 30384102 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to explore (i) the impact that a motivated walking program had on youth with epilepsy and (ii) the facilitators and barriers to implementing and sustaining the program. METHODS Data were gathered using semi-structured interviews with the intervention group of a randomized controlled trial to study the effect of enhanced physical activity on youth with epilepsy. Participants had active epilepsy and were 8-14 years at recruitment. All wore an activity tracker for a year and received coaching via phone calls during the first six months to encourage reaching a step goal, which they then attempted to maintain independently for the following six months. Nine participants and one parent per child were separately interviewed at six months. Eleven participants including the original nine, and one parent per youth, were interviewed at twelve months. Data collection and analysis used a phenomenological research framework and coded the data according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (the ICF). This was done in order to capture all relevant impacts of the intervention. RESULTS Physical activity was associated with benefits in all components of the ICF. Changes in personal factors such as improved attitude, confidence, and insight into activity were emphasized. Parents also experienced personal benefits as a result of their child engaging in the program. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity had positive effects in many aspects of the lives of the participants and their parents. The ICF was a relatively useful and effective system for coding qualitative research. These findings should assist in development of future exercise programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Willis
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lauren Hophing
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | | | - Gabriel M Ronen
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
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van den Berg V, Vos EE, de Groot RHM, Singh AS, Chinapaw MJM. Untapped Resources: 10- to 13-Year-Old Primary Schoolchildren's Views on Additional Physical Activity in the School Setting: A Focus Group Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15122713. [PMID: 30513783 PMCID: PMC6313416 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Schools are considered ideal venues to promote physical activity (PA) in children. However, a knowledge gap exists on how to adequately integrate PA into the school day and in particular, on the preferences of children regarding additional PA in school. Therefore, the aim of our qualitative study was to gain comprehensive insight into 10⁻13-year-old primary schoolchildren's perspectives on how to increase PA in the school setting. We conducted nine focus groups (32 girls and 20 boys) with children attending the final two grades of primary school in the Netherlands. We used inductive thematic analysis to analyze the data. The results showed that children were enthusiastic about additional PA in school. Children suggested various ways to increase PA, including more time for PA in the existing curriculum, e.g., physical education (PE), recess, and occasional activities, such as field trips or sports days; school playground adaptation; improving the content of PE; and implementing short PA breaks and physically active academic lessons. Children emphasized variation and being given a voice in their PA participation as a prerequisite to keep PA enjoyable and interesting in the long term. Finally, children mentioned the role of the teacher and making efforts to accommodate all children and their different preferences as important. Children have concrete ideas, acknowledging the challenges that accompany integrating additional PA in school. We therefore recommend actively involving children in efforts to increase school-based PA and to make "additional PA in school" a shared project of teachers and students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera van den Berg
- Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Eline E Vos
- Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Renate H M de Groot
- Welten Institute-Research Centre for Learning, Teaching and Technology, Open University of the Netherlands, 6419 AT, Heerlen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Complex Genetics, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism/Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Amika S Singh
- Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Mai J M Chinapaw
- Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Brustio PR, Moisè P, Marasso D, Alossa D, Miglio F, Mulasso A, Rabaglietti E, Rainoldi A, Boccia G. Participation in a school-based walking intervention changes the motivation to undertake physical activity in middle-school students. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204098. [PMID: 30252867 PMCID: PMC6155517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The motivation to perform physical activity is a crucial factor in achieving a persistent active lifestyle. However, motivation decreases with increasing age from childhood to adolescence. The promotion of physical activity in educational settings might be an important tool to increase motivation and, consequently, to decrease sedentary behavior. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of a 4-month school-based walking intervention on motivation to participate in physical activity among Italian middle-school students. This study included 276 students (mean age 13 ± 1 years, 41.3% female). A total of 138 students (intervention group) participated in a brief walking intervention that was added to their routine daily school activity, while a convenience sample of 138 students performed the routine daily school activity. The activity consisted of walking one kilometer outside of school buildings during the morning break. Motivation data were collected before and after the walking breaks using the Participation Motivation Questionnaire (PMQ). Controlling for age, significant interactions between group and time were observed in the "Social Status" [F(1,273) = 4.851; p = 0.028], "Team" [F(1,273) = 6.015; p = 0.015] and "Energy Release" components [F(1,273) = 8.527; p = 0.038]. Specifically, a significant decrease in the "Social Status" components of the PMQ and an increase in the "Team" and "Energy Release" components were observed in the intervention group. On the contrary. control group showed an increase in "Social Status" and a decrease in the "Team" and "Energy Release" components. Within this developmental context, incorporation of the walking activity helped to modify the motivational orientation towards physical activity to include more intrinsic factors, which were related to the possibility of remaining with classmates and peer groups and releasing a surplus of energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Riccardo Brustio
- NeuroMuscularFunction | Research Group, School of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Moisè
- School of Exercise & Sport Sciences, SUISM, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Istituto Comprensivo Statale Buttigliera Alta-Rosta, Scuola Secondaria di primo grado “G. Jaquerio”, Buttigliera Alta, Turin, Italy
| | - Danilo Marasso
- School of Exercise & Sport Sciences, SUISM, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Davide Alossa
- Istituto Comprensivo di Santena—Scuola Secondaria di primo grado "G. Falcone”, Santena, Turin, Italy
| | - Franco Miglio
- Istituto Comprensivo Statale Buttigliera Alta-Rosta, Scuola Secondaria di primo grado “G. Jaquerio”, Buttigliera Alta, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Mulasso
- NeuroMuscularFunction | Research Group, School of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Rainoldi
- NeuroMuscularFunction | Research Group, School of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gennaro Boccia
- NeuroMuscularFunction | Research Group, School of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Dishman RK, McIver KL, Dowda M, Pate RR. Declining Physical Activity and Motivation from Middle School to High School. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 50:1206-1215. [PMID: 29298219 PMCID: PMC5953776 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine whether naturally occurring changes in intrinsic motivation, behavioral regulation, and goals mitigate declining physical activity among adolescents. METHODS Latent growth modeling was applied in tests of change in intrinsic motivation, facets of behavioral regulation, and their interactions with goals on change in physical activity measured by accelerometer in a cohort of 260 boys and girls evaluated longitudinally from sixth through ninth grades. RESULTS Physical activity declined less in youths who maintained higher intrinsic motivation or integrated regulation, but only when they maintained higher enjoyment goal compared with other students. Physical activity also declined less in students who maintained higher intrinsic motivation or integrated motivation and had bigger declines in appearance goal (or social and competence goals with intrinsic motivation) compared with students who maintained higher levels of those goals. The interactions correspond to 1 to 2 min·h less decrease in physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with Self-Determination Theory, the findings encourage interventions that target autonomous motivation among youths. The results extend prior evidence in three ways. First, the cohort was tracked for 3 yr using an objective measure of physical activity. Second, influences of intrinsic motivation and integrated regulation on changing physical activity were not direct. They interacted with changing goals, indicating that interventions should also focus on specific goals for physical activity as effect modifiers. Third, interventions focused on autonomous motivation should consider that controlled, introjected motivation may also interact with goals to influence physical activity during the transition between middle school and high school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rod K. Dishman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Kerry L. McIver
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Marsha Dowda
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Russell R. Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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11
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Maniruzzaman M, Suri HS, Kumar N, Abedin MM, Rahman MJ, El-Baz A, Bhoot M, Teji JS, Suri JS. Risk factors of neonatal mortality and child mortality in Bangladesh. J Glob Health 2018; 8:010417. [PMID: 29740501 PMCID: PMC5928324 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.08.010421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Child and neonatal mortality is a serious problem in Bangladesh. The main objective of this study was to determine the most significant socio-economic factors (covariates) between the years 2011 and 2014 that influences on neonatal and child mortality and to further suggest the plausible policy proposals. Methods We modeled the neonatal and child mortality as categorical dependent variable (alive vs death of the child) while 16 covariates are used as independent variables using χ2 statistic and multiple logistic regression (MLR) based on maximum likelihood estimate. Findings Using the MLR, for neonatal mortality, diarrhea showed the highest positive coefficient (β = 1.130; P < 0.010) leading to most significant covariate for both 2011 and 2014. The corresponding odds ratios were: 0.323 for both the years. The second most significant covariate in 2011 was birth order between 2-6 years (β = 0.744; P < 0.001), while father’s education was negative correlation (β = -0.910; P < 0.050). In general, 10 covariates in 2011 and 5 covariates in 2014 were significant, so there was an improvement in socio-economic conditions for neonatal mortality. For child mortality, birth order between 2-6 years and 7 and above years showed the highest positive coefficients (β = 1.042; P < 0.010) and (β = 1.285; P < 0.050) for 2011. The corresponding odds ratios were: 2.835 and 3.614, respectively. Father's education showed the highest coefficient (β = 0.770; P < 0.050) indicating the significant covariate for 2014 and the corresponding odds ratio was 2.160. In general, 6 covariates in 2011 and 4 covariates in 2014 were also significant, so there was also an improvement in socio-economic conditions for child mortality. This study allows policy makers to make appropriate decisions to reduce neonatal and child mortality in Bangladesh. Conclusions In 2014, mother’s age and father’s education were also still significant covariates for child mortality. This study allows policy makers to make appropriate decisions to reduce neonatal and child mortality in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Maniruzzaman
- Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.,The JiVitA Project of John Hopkins University, Gaibandha, Bangladesh
| | - Harman S Suri
- Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,AtheroPoint LLC, Roseville, California, USA
| | - Nishith Kumar
- Department of Statistics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Jahanur Rahman
- Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Ayman El-Baz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Makrand Bhoot
- Director, Professional Alliance for Technology & Habitat, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jagjit S Teji
- Neonatologist, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Jasjit S Suri
- AtheroPoint LLC, Roseville, California, USA.,Epidemiology Department, Global Biomedical Technologies, Inc., Roseville, California, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Idaho State University (Affl.), Idaho, USA
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12
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Di Blasio A, Napolitano G, Di Donato F, Izzicupo P, Di Baldassarre A, Modestini E, Bergamin M, Bullo V, Bucci I, Di Pietro M. Analysis of female physical activity characteristics according to age and ponderal status in a free-living context: a study from a central Italy sample. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-016-0315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Bardid F, De Meester A, Tallir I, Cardon G, Lenoir M, Haerens L. Configurations of actual and perceived motor competence among children: Associations with motivation for sports and global self-worth. Hum Mov Sci 2016; 50:1-9. [PMID: 27620643 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study used a person-centred approach to examine whether different profiles based on actual and perceived motor competence exist in elementary school children. Multilevel regression analyses were conducted to explore how children with different motor competence-based profiles might differ in their autonomous motivation for sports and global self-worth. Validated questionnaires were administered to 161 children (40% boys; age=8.82±0.66years) to assess their perceived motor competence, global self-worth, and motivation for sports. Actual motor competence was measured with the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder. Cluster analyses identified four motor competence-based profiles: two groups were characterized by corresponding levels of actual and perceived motor competence (i.e., low-low and high-high) and two groups were characterized by divergent levels of actual and perceived motor competence (i.e., high-low and low-high). Children in the low-low and high-low group displayed significantly lower levels of autonomous motivation for sports and lower levels of global self-worth than children in the low-high and high-high group. These findings emphasize that fostering children's perceived motor competence might be crucial to improve their motivation for sports and their global self-worth. Teachers and instructors involved in physical education and youth sports should thus focus on both actual and perceived motor competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Bardid
- School of Education, University of Stratchclyde, 16 Richmond St, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK; Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - An De Meester
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Isabel Tallir
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Lenoir
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leen Haerens
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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14
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Wold B, Littlecott H, Tynjälä J, Samdal O, Moore L, Roberts C, Kannas L, Villberg J, Aarø LE. Changes from 1986 to 2006 in reasons for liking leisure-time physical activity among adolescents. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015. [PMID: 26220306 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Reasons for participating in physical activity (PA) may have changed in accordance with the general modernization of society. The aim is to examine changes in self-reported reasons for liking leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and their association with self-reported LTPA over a 20-year period. Data were collected among nationally representative samples of 13-year-olds in Finland, Norway, and Wales in 1986 and 2006 (N = 9252) as part of the WHO cross-national Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. Univariate ANOVAs to establish differences according to gender, year, and country were conducted. In all countries, 13-year-olds in 2006 tended to report higher importance in terms of achievement and social reasons than their counterparts in 1986, while changes in health reasons were minor. These reasons were associated with LTPA in a similar way at both time points. Health reasons for liking LTPA were considered most important, and were the strongest predictor of LTPA. The findings seem robust as they were consistent across countries and genders. Health education constitutes the most viable strategy for promoting adolescents' motivation for PA, and interventions and educational efforts could be improved by an increased focus on LTPA and sport as a social activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wold
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - H Littlecott
- DECIPHer UKCRC Public Health Research Centre of Excellence, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - J Tynjälä
- Department of Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - O Samdal
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - L Moore
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - C Roberts
- Social Research and Information Division, Welsh Government, Cardiff, UK
| | - L Kannas
- Department of Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J Villberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Research Centre for Health Promotion, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - L E Aarø
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Division of Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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