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Xu W, Zhang X, Ni D, Zhang W, Guang C, Mu W. A review of fructosyl-transferases from catalytic characteristics and structural features to reaction mechanisms and product specificity. Food Chem 2024; 440:138250. [PMID: 38154282 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-active enzymes are accountable for the synthesis and degradation of glycosidic bonds among diverse carbohydrates. Fructosyl-transferases represent a subclass of these enzymes, employing sucrose as a substrate to generate fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and fructan polymers. This category primarily includes levansucrase (LS, EC 2.4.1.10), inulosucrase (IS, EC 2.4.1.9), and β-fructofuranosidase (Ffase, EC 3.2.1.26). These three enzymes possess a similar five-bladed β-propeller fold and employ an anomer-retaining reaction mechanism mediated by nucleophiles, transition state stabilizers, and general acids/bases. However, they exhibit distinct product profiles, characterized by variations in linkage specificity and molecular mass distribution. Consequently, this article comprehensively explores recent advancements in the catalytic characteristics, structural features, reaction mechanisms, and product specificity of levansucrase, inulosucrase, and β-fructofuranosidase (abbreviated as LS, IS, and Ffase, respectively). Furthermore, it discusses the potential for modifying catalytic properties and product specificity through structure-based design, which enables the rational production of custom fructan and FOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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2
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Dini I. The Potential of Algae in the Nutricosmetic Sector. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104032. [PMID: 37241773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds or algae are marine autotrophic organisms. They produce nutrients (e.g., proteins, carbohydrates, etc.) essential for the survival of living organisms as they participate in biochemical processes and non-nutritive molecules (such as dietary fibers and secondary metabolites), which can improve their physiological functions. Seaweed polysaccharides, fatty acids, peptides, terpenoids, pigments, and polyphenols have biological properties that can be used to develop food supplements and nutricosmetic products as they can act as antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory compounds. This review examines the (primary and secondary) metabolites produced by algae, the most recent evidence of their effect on human health conditions, with particular attention to what concerns the skin and hair's well-being. It also evaluates the industrial potential of recovering these metabolites from biomass produced by algae used to clean wastewater. The results demonstrate that algae can be considered a natural source of bioactive molecules for well-being formulations. The primary and secondary metabolites' upcycling can be an exciting opportunity to safeguard the planet (promoting a circular economy) and, at the same time, obtain low-cost bioactive molecules for the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries from low-cost, raw, and renewable materials. Today's lack of methodologies for recovering bioactive molecules in large-scale processes limits practical realization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Dini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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3
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Hasköylü ME, Gökalsin B, Tornaci S, Sesal C, Öner ET. Exploring the potential of Halomonas levan and its derivatives as active ingredients in cosmeceutical and skin regenerating formulations. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124418. [PMID: 37080400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Demand on natural products that contain biological ingredients mimicking growth factors and cytokines made natural polysaccharides popular in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Levan is the β-(2-6) linked, nontoxic, biocompatible, water-soluble, film former fructan polymer that has diverse applications in pharmacy and cosmeceutical industries with its moisturizing, whitening, anti-irritant, anti-aging and slimming activities. Driven by the limited reports on few structurally similar levan polymers, this study presents the first systematic investigation on the effects of structurally different extremophilic Halomonas levan polysaccharides on human skin epidermis cells. In-vitro experiments with microbially produced linear Halomonas levan (HL), its hydrolyzed, (hHL) and sulfonated (ShHL) derivatives as well as enzymatically produced branched levan (EL) revealed increased keratinocyte and fibroblast proliferation (113-118 %), improved skin barrier function through induced expressions of involucrin (2.0 and 6.43 fold changes for HL and EL) and filaggrin (1.74 and 3.89 fold changes for hHL and ShHL) genes and increased type I collagen (2.63 for ShHL) and hyaluronan synthase 3 (1.41 for HL) gene expressions together with fast wound healing ability within 24 h (100 %, HL) on 2D wound models clearly showed that HL and its derivatives have high potential to be used as natural active ingredients in cosmeceutical and skin regenerating formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Erginer Hasköylü
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Institute of Nanotechnology and Biotechnology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Barış Gökalsin
- Marmara University, Department of Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selay Tornaci
- IBSB, Marmara University, Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cenk Sesal
- Marmara University, Department of Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Toksoy Öner
- IBSB, Marmara University, Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul, Turkey
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4
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Zhang X, Xu W, Ni D, Zhang W, Guang C, Mu W. Successful Manipulation of the Product Spectrum of the Erwinia amylovora Levansucrase by Modifying the Residues around loop1, Loop 3, and Loop 4. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:680-689. [PMID: 36538710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Levansucrase (LS, EC 2.4.1.10) catalyzes the synthesis of levan by successively transferring the fructosyl moiety from sucrose to an elongated fructan chain. Although the product distribution of LS from Erwinia amylovora (Ea-LS) was studied under different sucrose concentrations, the effect of residues on the product formation is yet unknown. The first levanhexaose-complexed structure of LS from Bacillus subtilis (Bs-SacB) provided information on the oligosaccharide binding sites (OB sites), from +1 to +4 subsites. Since Ea-LS would efficiently produce fructooligosaccharides, a substitution mutation of OB sites in Bs-SacB and the corresponding residues of Ea-LS were conducted to investigate how these mutants would influence the product distribution. As a result, a series of mutants with different product spectrum were obtained. Notably, the mutants of G98E, V151F, and N200T around loop 1, loop 3, and loop 4 all showed a significant increase in both the molecular mass and the yield of high-molecular-mass levan, suggesting that the product profile of Ea-LS was significantly modified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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5
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Koşarsoy Ağçeli G. A new approach to nanocomposite carbohydrate polymer films: Levan and chia seed mucilage. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:751-759. [PMID: 35905758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is increasing day by day and the search for new, environmentally friendly products continues. Herein, for the first time, different degrees of mucilage were obtained from chia seeds and the film-forming behavior of levan biopolymer with these mucilages was investigated. Glycerol and sorbitol were used as plasticizers in the film design. Films prepared with sorbitol were characterized physically, mechanically and morphologically. The antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of the films were examined. The films formed as nanocomposites of levan and chia seed mucilages obtained at different temperatures (25 °C, 55 °C and 80 °C) exhibited structurally and mechanically different properties. It was observed that the films obtained with chia mucilages and levan preserved their antibacterial properties but lost their antifungal properties. In addition, quorum sensing property of the mucilage obtained at 55 °C during the investigation of the antibacterial property was reported for the first time with this study. The levan-based chia seed mucilages films obtained have the potential to be used in industrial and medical fields, and the nature-friendly nature of these films is very important for our green world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Koşarsoy Ağçeli
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 06800 Beytepe Campus, Ankara, Turkey.
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6
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Xu M, Pan L, Zhou Z, Han Y. Structural characterization of levan synthesized by a recombinant levansucrase and its application as yogurt stabilizers. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119519. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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da Silva DL, Cabrera MP, Cavalcanti IT, Coelho GR, Neto EB, Padilha RJR, da Silva CES, Correia MTDS, Pimenta DC, Junior LBDC. Magnetite-levan nanoparticles for lectin purification: a single-step strategy for protein isolation from the seeds extract of the plant Cratylia mollis. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1677:463292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Antiproliferative effects of levan polysaccharide against colorectal cancer cells mediated through oxidative stress-stimulated HOTAIR/Akt signaling pathway: In vitro. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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9
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Islamov B, Petrova O, Mikshina P, Kadyirov A, Vorob’ev V, Gogolev Y, Gorshkov V. The Role of Pectobacterium atrosepticum Exopolysaccharides in Plant-Pathogen Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12781. [PMID: 34884586 PMCID: PMC8657720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytopathogenic bacterium Pectobacterium atrosepticum (Pba), one of the members of the soft rot Pectobacteriaceae, forms biofilm-like structures known as bacterial emboli when colonizing the primary xylem vessels of the host plants. The initial extracellular matrix of the bacterial emboli is composed of the host plant's pectic polysaccharides, which are gradually substituted by the Pba-produced exopolysaccharides (Pba EPS) as the bacterial emboli "mature". No information about the properties of Pba EPS and their possible roles in Pba-plant interactions has so far been obtained. We have shown that Pba EPS possess physical properties that can promote the maintenance of the structural integrity of bacterial emboli. These polymers increase the viscosity of liquids and form large supramolecular aggregates. The formation of Pba EPS aggregates is provided (at least partly) by the acetyl groups of the Pba EPS molecules. Besides, Pba EPS scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), the accumulation of which is known to be associated with the formation of bacterial emboli. In addition, Pba EPS act as suppressors of the quantitative immunity of plants, repressing PAMP-induced reactions; this property is partly lost in the deacetylated form of Pba EPS. Overall, our study shows that Pba EPS play structural, protective, and immunosuppressive roles during Pba-plant interactions and thus should be considered as virulence factors of these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakhtiyar Islamov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (O.P.); (P.M.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Olga Petrova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (O.P.); (P.M.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Polina Mikshina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (O.P.); (P.M.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
| | - Aidar Kadyirov
- Institute of Power Engineering and Advanced Technologies, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia;
| | - Vladimir Vorob’ev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (O.P.); (P.M.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yuri Gogolev
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (O.P.); (P.M.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Vladimir Gorshkov
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (B.I.); (O.P.); (P.M.); (V.V.); (Y.G.)
- Laboratory of Plant Infectious Diseases, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 420111 Kazan, Russia
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10
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Selvi SS, Hasköylü ME, Genç S, Toksoy Öner E. Synthesis and characterization of levan hydrogels and their use for resveratrol release. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/08839115211055725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Considering the need for systematic studies on levan based hydrogels to widen their use in drug delivery systems and biomedical applications, this study is mainly focused on the synthesis and comprehensive characterization as well as drug release properties of hydrogels based on Halomonas levan (HL) and its chemical derivatives. For this, hydrolyzed and phosphonated HL derivatives were chemically synthesized and then cross-linked with 1,4-Butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE) and the obtained hydrogels were characterized in terms of their swelling, adhesivity, and rheological properties. Both native and phosphonated HL hydrogels retained their rigid gel like structure with increasing shear stress levels and tack test analysis showed superior adhesive properties of the phosphonated HL hydrogels. Moreover, hydrogels were loaded with resveratrol and entrapment and release studies as well as cell culture studies with human keratinocytes were performed. Biocompatible and adhesive features of the hydrogels confirmed their suitability for tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Selvin Selvi
- IBSB—Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Erginer Hasköylü
- IBSB—Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seval Genç
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Toksoy Öner
- IBSB—Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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11
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Applying Seaweed Compounds in Cosmetics, Cosmeceuticals and Nutricosmetics. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19100552. [PMID: 34677451 PMCID: PMC8539943 DOI: 10.3390/md19100552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in seaweeds for cosmetic, cosmeceutics, and nutricosmetics is increasing based on the demand for natural ingredients. Seaweeds offer advantages in relation to their renewable character, wide distribution, and the richness and versatility of their valuable bioactive compounds, which can be used as ingredients, as additives, and as active agents in the formulation of skin care products. Bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, proteins, peptides, amino acids, lipids, vitamins, and minerals, are responsible for the biological properties associated with seaweeds. Seaweed fractions can also offer technical features, such as thickening, gelling, emulsifying, texturizing, or moistening to develop cohesive matrices. Furthermore, the possibility of valorizing industrial waste streams and algal blooms makes them an attractive, low cost, raw and renewable material. This review presents an updated summary of the activities of different seaweed compounds and fractions based on scientific and patent literature.
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12
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Mohd Nadzir M, Nurhayati RW, Idris FN, Nguyen MH. Biomedical Applications of Bacterial Exopolysaccharides: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:530. [PMID: 33578978 PMCID: PMC7916691 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are an essential group of compounds secreted by bacteria. These versatile EPSs are utilized individually or in combination with different materials for a broad range of biomedical field functions. The various applications can be explained by the vast number of derivatives with useful properties that can be controlled. This review offers insight on the current research trend of nine commonly used EPSs, their biosynthesis pathways, their characteristics, and the biomedical applications of these relevant bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masrina Mohd Nadzir
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Malaysia;
| | - Retno Wahyu Nurhayati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia;
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Cluster, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya No. 6, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Farhana Nazira Idris
- School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Malaysia;
| | - Minh Hong Nguyen
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam;
- Bioresource Research Center, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
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13
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Cloning and Expression of Levansucrase Gene of Bacillus velezensis BM-2 and Enzymatic Synthesis of Levan. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Levan is a versatile and valuable fructose homopolymer, and a few bacterial strains have been found to produce levan. Although levan products have numerous specific functions, their application and promotion were limited by the production capacity and production cost. Bacillus velezensis BM-2 is a levan-synthesizing strain, but its levan production is too low to apply. In this study, the levansucrase gene of B. velezensis BM-2 was cloned to plasmid pET-32a-Acma-zz, and the recombinant plasmids were transferred to Escherichia coli BL21. A transformed clone was selected to express and secrete the fusion enzymes with an Acma-tag efficiently. The expressed products were further purified by a self-developed separating material called bacterial enhancer matrix (BEM) particles. The purification efficiency was 93.4%, with a specific activity of 16.589 U/mL protein. The enzymatic reaction results indicated that the optimal reaction temperature is 50 °C, the optimal pH of the acetate buffer is 5.6, and the buffer system greatly influenced the enzyme activity. The enzyme activity was enhanced to 130% in the presence of 5 mM Ca2+, K+, Zn2+, and Mn2+, whereas it was almost abolished in the case of Cu2+ and Fe3+. The values of Km, kcat, and kcat/Km were 17.41 mM, 376.83 s−1, and 21.64 mM−1s−1, respectively. The enzyme amount of 20 U/g sucrose was added to the system containing 400 g/L sucrose, and the levan products with a concentration of 120 g/L reached after an incubation of 18 h, which was 8 times that of the yield before optimization. The results of molecular docking analysis indicated that the Asp86 might act as a nucleophilic catalytic residue for sucrose, Arg246 and Asp247 act as transition state stabilizer of transfructosylation, and Glu340 and Arg306 were recognized as general acid donors. They formed the catalytic-groups triad. The unique properties and catalytic activity of the levansucrase suggest that it deserves further research and might have good industrial application prospects.
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14
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Ni D, Zhu Y, Xu W, Pang X, Lv J, Mu W. Production and Physicochemical Properties of Food-Grade High-Molecular-Weight Lactobacillus Inulin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5854-5862. [PMID: 32366099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Inulin has been widely applied in food, pharmaceuticals, and many other fields because of its versatile physicochemical properties and physiological functions. Previous research showed that inulosucrase from microorganisms could produce higher-molecular-weight inulin than vegetal inulin. Herein, a food-grade recombinant Bacillus subtilis expression system was constructed to produce inulosucrase from Lactobacillus gasseri DSM 20604 without antibiotic resistance genes. The produced inulosucrase was used to biosynthesize inulin with an average molecular weight of 5.8 × 106 Da. The physicochemical properties of the produced Lactobacillus inulin were evaluated including microstructure, thermal characteristics, crystallinity, rheological behaviors, and storage stability. By comparing with vegetal inulin and other polymers, the biosynthesized microbial inulin showed some superior properties, such as better gel-forming capability and storage stability in aqueous solution than vegetal inulin. These results opened up possibilities for further investigations aimed at developing microbial inulin in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyang Pang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaping Lv
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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15
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Bouallegue A, Casillo A, Chaari F, Cimini D, Corsaro MM, Bachoual R, Ellouz-Chaabouni S. Statistical optimization of levan: Influence of the parameter on levan structure and angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:945-952. [PMID: 32360961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Based on Plackett-Burman design, steepest ascent method, and Box-Behnken design, statistical optimization for B. subtilis AF17 for levan production was carried out. Sucrose, tryptone and initial pH were found to be the most significant parameter (P < 0.05) for levan production. Result showed that the optimum condition was sucrose 162.5 g/L, tryptone 10 g/L, initial pH 7 and maximum yield was 7.9 ± 0.18 g/L in 72 h fermentation. Purified levan was characterized using various physicochemical techniques such as GC-MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy and SEC/TDA. Based on this data, the structure of levan was independent of initial culture conditions. The biomedical potential of the isolated Bacillus subtilis A17 levan for its angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition activities was exploited in vitro. Interestingly, levan possessed an important angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory 81.1 ± 4.1% at 4 mg/mL. The overall, data suggested that levan presents a promising natural source of antihypertensive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Bouallegue
- Laboratory for the Improvement of Plants and Valorization of Agroressources, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia.
| | - Angela Casillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fatma Chaari
- Laboratory for the Improvement of Plants and Valorization of Agroressources, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Donatella Cimini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via de Crecchio 7, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Michela Corsaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rafik Bachoual
- Laboratory for the Improvement of Plants and Valorization of Agroressources, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Semia Ellouz-Chaabouni
- Laboratory for the Improvement of Plants and Valorization of Agroressources, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia; Common Service Unit of Bioreactor Coupled with an Ultrafilter, National School of Engineering, Sfax University, P.O. Box 1173, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
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de Siqueira EC, Rebouças JDS, Pinheiro IO, Formiga FR. Levan-based nanostructured systems: An overview. Int J Pharm 2020; 580:119242. [PMID: 32199961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial levan is a fructose homopolymer that offers great potential in biotechnological applications due to biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxicity. This biopolymer possesses diverse multifunctional features, which translates into a wide range of applicability, including in industry, consumer products, pharmaceuticals and biomedicine. Extensive research has identified great potential for its exploitation in human health. In addition, nanostructured systems have provided significant advances in the area of health, mainly with respect to disease diagnosis and treatment. While the functional properties of these natural polysaccharide-based polymers are desirable in these systems, research in this area has been limited to few natural polymers, such as chitosan, alginate and dextran, which obscures the true potential of levan in the production of nanostructured systems for biotechnological and medical applications. The present review considers the latest research in the field to focus on the use of levan as a promising biopolymer for the development of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmilson Clarindo de Siqueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada, Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), 50100-130 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Juliana de Souza Rebouças
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), 50100-130 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Irapuan Oliveira Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada, Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), 50100-130 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Fabio Rocha Formiga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada, Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), 50100-130 Recife, PE, Brazil; Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Xu W, Peng J, Ni D, Zhang W, Wu H, Mu W. Preparation, characterization and application of levan/montmorillonite biocomposite and levan/BSA nanoparticle. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 234:115921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Levan-based hydrogels for controlled release of Amphotericin B for dermal local antifungal therapy of Candidiasis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 145:105255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Hundschell CS, Braun A, Wefers D, Vogel RF, Jakob F. Size-Dependent Variability in Flow and Viscoelastic Behavior of Levan Produced by Gluconobacter albidus TMW 2.1191. Foods 2020; 9:E192. [PMID: 32075024 PMCID: PMC7073539 DOI: 10.3390/foods9020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Levan is a fructan-type exopolysaccharide which is produced by many microbes from sucrose via extracellular levansucrases. The hydrocolloid properties of levan depend on its molecular weight, while it is unknown why and to what extent levan is functionally diverse depending on its size. The aim of our study was to gain deeper insight into the size-dependent functional variability of levan. For this purpose, levans of different sizes were produced using the water kefir isolate Gluconobacter albidus TMW 2.1191 and subsequently rheologically characterized. Three levan types could be identified, which are similarly branched, but differ significantly in their molecular size and rheological properties. The smallest levan (<107 Da), produced without adjustment of the pH, exhibited Newton-like flow behavior up to a specific concentration of 25% (w/v). By contrast, larger levans (>108 Da) produced at pH ≥ 4.5 were shear-thinning, and the levan produced at pH 5.0 showed a gel-like behavior at 5% (w/v). A third (intermediate) levan variant was obtained through production in buffers at pH 4.0 and exhibited the properties of a viscoelastic fluid up to concentrations of 15% (w/v). Our study reveals that the rheological properties of levan are determined by its size and polydispersity, rather than by the amount of levan used or the structural composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph S. Hundschell
- Chair of Technical Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 4, 85354 Freising, Germany;
- Department of Food Technology and Food Material Science, Technical University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Andre Braun
- Anton Paar Germany GmbH, Hellmuth-Hirth-Strasse 6, 73760 Ostfildern-Scharnhausen, Germany;
- Lehrstuhl für Systemverfahrenstechnik, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Daniel Wefers
- Division of Food Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
- Department of Food Chemistry and Phytochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rudi F. Vogel
- Chair of Technical Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 4, 85354 Freising, Germany;
| | - Frank Jakob
- Chair of Technical Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 4, 85354 Freising, Germany;
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