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Nurfajrin Solihat N, Purwanti T, Husna N, Oktaviani M, Zulfiana D, Fatriasari W, Sarip Nawawi D. Capability lignin from Acacia crassicarpa black liquor as an environmentally benign antibacterial agent to produce antibacterial and hydrophobic textiles. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024:131409. [PMID: 39226942 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Recently, the growing health awareness of society on the utilization of fabrics has led to an increasing demand for natural-based antibacterial textiles. Lignin, a generous polyphenol compound in nature, is capable of preventing bacterial growth; in particular, it dwells bacteria closely together on human skin, such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, Propionibacterium acnes, and Staphylococcus aureus. However, the antibacterial properties of lignin are limited by factors such as the lignin concentration, source, and type of bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the potency of lignin as an antibacterial agent for textiles. Moreover, the thermal properties and wettability of the textile after lignin coating were also investigated. This study showed that lignin isolation methods significantly contributed to the inhibition of bacterial growth in the clear zone diameter. In addition, the lignin structure, lignin concentration, and type of bacteria had notably different antibacterial effects. SEM images showed that lignin was successfully coated on the fiber, and the antibacterial textile was successfully fabricated with clear zones in the range of 0.1-0.5 cm against four different bacteria. Lignin did not significantly improve the thermal stability of the textile, as proven by the TGA results. After the HDTMS coating by dispersion method, the wettability of the lignin-textile improved to that of the hydrophobic material, with a contact angle greater than 119.05° with excellent antibacterial properties (clear zone of 0.1-0.43 cm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nissa Nurfajrin Solihat
- Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46 Cibinong 16911, Indonesia.
| | - Try Purwanti
- Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46 Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Naurotul Husna
- Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46 Cibinong 16911, Indonesia; Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Maulida Oktaviani
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46 Cibinong, Bogor 1691, Indonesia
| | - Deni Zulfiana
- Research Center for Applied Microbiology, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46 Cibinong, Bogor 1691, Indonesia
| | - Widya Fatriasari
- Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46 Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Deded Sarip Nawawi
- Department of Forest Products, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
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2
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Sarangi PK, Srivastava RK, Vivekanand V, Goksen G, Sahoo UK, Thakur TK, Debeaufort F, Uysal-Unalan I, Pugazhendhi A. Recovery of green phenolic compounds from lignin-based source: Role of ferulic acid esterase towards waste valorization and bioeconomic perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 256:119218. [PMID: 38782335 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The production of chemicals/products so far relies on fossil-based resources with the creation of several environmental problems at the global level. In this situation, a sustainable and circular economy model is necessitated to mitigate global environmental issues. Production of biowaste from various processing industries also creates environmental issues which would be valorized for the production of industrially important reactive and bioactive compounds. Lignin acts as a vital part in biowaste composition which can be converted into a wide range of phenolic compounds. The phenolic compounds have attracted much attention, owing to their influence on diverse not only organoleptic parameters, such as taste or color, but also active agents for active packaging systems. Crop residues of varied groups, which are an affluent source of lignocellulosic biomass could serve as a renewable resource for the biosynthesis of ferulic acid (FA). FA is obtained by the FA esterase enzyme action, and it can be further converted into various tail end phenolic flavor green compounds like vanillin, vanillic acid and hydroxycinnamic acid. Lignin being renewable in nature, processing and management of biowastes towards sustainability is the need as far as the global industrial point is concerned. This review explores all the approaches for conversion of lignin into value-added phenolic compounds that could be included to packaging applications. These valorized products can exhibit the antioxidant, antimicrobial, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties, and due to these features can emerge to incorporate them into production of functional foods and be utilization of them at active food packaging application. These approaches would be an important step for utilization of the recovered bioactive compounds at the nutraceutical and food industrial sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajesh Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, GST, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM), Visakhapatnam, 530045, A.P., India
| | - Vivekanand Vivekanand
- Center for Energy and Environment, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, 302 017, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gulden Goksen
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Mersin Tarsus Organized Industrial Zone, Tarsus University, 33100, Mersin, Turkey
| | | | | | - Frederic Debeaufort
- Department of BioEngineering, Institute of Technology Dijon Auxerre, University of Burgundy, 7 Blvd Docteur Petitjean, 20178 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Ilke Uysal-Unalan
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark; CiFOOD - Center for Innovative Food Research, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
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3
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Huo CM, Zuo YC, Chen Y, Chen L, Zhu JY, Xue W. Natural lignin nanoparticles target tumor by saturating the phagocytic capacity of Kupffer cells in the liver. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133186. [PMID: 38885858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Ligand-receptor recognition serves as the fundamental driving force for active targeting, yet it is still constrained by off-target effects. Herein, we demonstrate that circumventing or blocking the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) are both viable strategies to address off-target effects. Naturally derived lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) show great potential to block MPS due to its good stability, low toxicity, and degradability. We further demonstrate the impact of LNPs dosage on in vivo tumor targeting and antitumor efficacy. Our results show that a high dose of LNPs (300 mg/kg) leads to significant accumulation at the tumor site for a duration of 14 days after intravenous administration. In contrast, the low-dose counterparts (e.g., 50, 150 mg/kg) result in almost all LNPs accumulating in the liver. This discovery indicates that the liver is the primary site of LNP capture, leaving only the surplus LNPs the chance to reach the tumor. In addition, although cell membrane-engineered LNPs can rapidly penetrate tumors, they are still prone to capture by the liver during subsequent circulation in the bloodstream. Excitingly, comparable therapeutic efficacy is obtained for the above two strategies. Our findings may offer valuable insights into the targeted delivery of drugs for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Min Huo
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liheng Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jing-Yi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Wei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Li L, Wei HL, Wang WL, Zhang PH, Jing F, Zhou YH, Yang XH. Unlocking the potential of phenolated kraft lignin as a versatile feed additive. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132234. [PMID: 38763239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Lignin, a renewable natural antioxidant and bacteriostat, holds promise as a versatile, cost-effective feed additive. However, traditional industrial lignin faces limitations, including low reactivity, poor uniformity, and unstable properties, necessitating chemical modification. Complex modification methods pose economic and toxicity challenges, so this study adopted a relatively simple alkali-catalyzed phenolization approach, using phenol, catechol, and pyrogallol to modify kraft lignin, and characterized the resulting products using various techniques. Subsequently, their antioxidant, antibacterial, adsorption properties for heavy metal ions and mycotoxins, growth-promoting properties, and antiviral abilities were assessed. The phenolation process led to lignin depolymerization and a notable increase in phenolic hydroxyl content, particularly in pyrogallol-phenolated lignin (Py-L), rising from 3.08 to 4.68 mmol/g. These modified lignins exhibited enhanced antioxidant activity, with over 99 % inhibition against E. coli and S. aureus, and remarkable adsorption capacities for heavy metal ions and mycotoxins. Importantly, Py-L improved the growth performance of mice and reduced influenza mortality. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations elucidated the mechanism behind the enhanced antioxidant properties. This study presents a promising avenue for developing versatile feed additives to address challenges related to animal feed antioxidant supplementation, bacterial control, and growth promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, PR China; Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, PR China; Key Lab. of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing 210042, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass, Nanjing 210042, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Hai-Lin Wei
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Wen-Lei Wang
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Ping-Hu Zhang
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Fei Jing
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, PR China; Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, PR China; Key Lab. of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing 210042, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Yong-Hong Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, PR China; Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, PR China; Key Lab. of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing 210042, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass, Nanjing 210042, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hui Yang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, PR China; Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, PR China; Key Lab. of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing 210042, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass, Nanjing 210042, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
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5
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Gao B, Han Z, Cheng H, Zhou H, Wang Y, Chen Z. Treating waste with waste: Lignin acting as both an effective bactericide and passivator to prevent acid mine drainage formation at the source. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172162. [PMID: 38569954 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Acid mine drainage (AMD) induced by pyrite oxidation is a notorious and serious environmental problem, but the management of AMD in an economical and environmentally friendly way remains challenging. Here, lignin, a natural polymer and abundant waste, was employed as both a bactericide and passivator to prevent AMD formation. The addition of lignin to a mimic AMD formation system inoculated with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans at a lignin-to-pyrite weight ratio of 2.5: 10 reduced the combined abiotic and biotic oxidation of pyrite by 68.4 % (based on released SO42-). Morphological characterization of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans revealed that lignin could act on the cell surface and impair the cell integrity, disrupting its normal growth and preventing biotic oxidation of pyrite accordingly. Moreover, lignin can be used alone as a passivator to form a coating on the pyrite surface, reducing abiotic oxidation by 71.7 % (based on released SO42-). Through multiple technique analysis, it was proposed that the functional groups on lignin may coordinate with iron ions on pyrite, promoting its deposition on the surface. In addition, the inherent antioxidant activity of lignin may also be actively involved in the abatement of pyrite oxidation via the reduction of iron. Overall, this study offered a "treating waste with waste" strategy for preventing AMD formation at the source and opened a new avenue for the management of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyuan Gao
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zebin Han
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Haina Cheng
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Zhu Chen
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biometallurgy of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
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6
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Zourif A, Chajii O, Chemchame Y, Benbiyi A, Azoubi Z, El Guendouzi M, El Bouari A. High extraction and excellent anti-UV and anti-oxidant proprieties of lignin from Reseda Luteola L. waste by organosolv process. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131624. [PMID: 38642685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Lignin is an abundant natural biopolymer found in plant cell walls. Lignin can come from tinctorial plants, whose residual biomass after dye extraction was typically discarded as waste. The main objective of this study was to extract lignin from the residual biomass of Reseda luteola L. using an organosolv process and to optimize the extraction conditions. The extracted lignin was characterized, and its potential applications as an antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, and anti-UV agent were investigated. Response surface methodology based on a Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize the lignin extraction conditions (organic acid concentration, material-to-liquid ratio, extraction time). The extracted lignin was comprehensively characterized using NMR, FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, TGA, DSC, and UV-Vis techniques. The optimal extraction conditions yielded a remarkably high lignin recovery of 62.41 % from the plant waste, which was rarely achieved for non-wood plants in previous works. The extracted lignin exhibited excellent thermal stability and radical scavenging anti-oxidant activity but no significant antimicrobial effects. Treating wool fabrics with lignin nanoparticles substantially enhanced UV protection from the "good" to "excellent" category based on the UPF rating. This sustainable valorization approach converted abundant tinctorial plant waste into high-purity lignin with promising anti-oxidant and UV-blocking properties suitable for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zourif
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Materials and Catalyse (LCPMC), Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sick, University of Hassan II -, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Oumaima Chajii
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Materials and Catalyse (LCPMC), Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sick, University of Hassan II -, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Younes Chemchame
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Materials and Catalyse (LCPMC), Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sick, University of Hassan II -, Casablanca, Morocco; Department of Traditional Weaving, Academy of Traditional Arts, Foundation of Hassan II Mosque, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Asmaa Benbiyi
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Materials and Catalyse (LCPMC), Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sick, University of Hassan II -, Casablanca, Morocco.
| | - Zineb Azoubi
- Laboratory of Physiopathology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sick, University of Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El Guendouzi
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Materials and Catalyse (LCPMC), Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sick, University of Hassan II -, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdeslam El Bouari
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Materials and Catalyse (LCPMC), Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sick, University of Hassan II -, Casablanca, Morocco
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7
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Zhu Y, Li H, Zhao QS, Zhao B. Effect of DES lignin incorporation on physicochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of carboxymethyl cellulose-based films. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130294. [PMID: 38382790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Herein, three pretreated grapevine lignins were incorporated into carboxymethyl cellulose films. The effects of traditional NaOH pretreated lignin and DES (ChCl-LA, ChCl-LA & K2CO3-EG) pretreated lignin on film properties were compared. Modern analytical techniques were employed to systematically characterize the pretreated lignin and the different CMC-lignin films. The results showed that DES lignin was of high purity, low molecular weight, and homogeneous structure. It outperformed traditional NaOH lignin in terms of compatibility with CMC, enabling it to perform its bioactivity and physicochemical functions in films. This feature effectively enhanced the hydrophobicity, UV shielding ability, water vapor barrier, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and biological activity of CMC-DES lignin film. NMR (2D HSQC) showed that the excellent antioxidant and antibacterial capabilities of CMC-DES lignin film are due to the retention of butyl (S) and p-hydroxyphenyl (H) units in DES lignin, resulting in its rich phenolic hydroxyl content. The detailed structural elucidation of DES lignin's chemical interactions with CMC provided valuable insights into the advantageous properties observed in the films, presenting innovative solutions for applications in the food packaging and preservation industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Hang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Qing-Sheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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8
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Marangon CA, Otoni CG, Bertuso PC, Rossi PF, Dos Santos DM, Lourençon TV, Martins VCA, Plepis AMG, Mattoso LHC, Nitschke M. Side-stream lignins: Potential antioxidant and antimicrobial agents in milk. Food Res Int 2024; 180:114091. [PMID: 38395568 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, lignin has drawn increasing attention due to its intrinsic antibacterial and antioxidant activities, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Yet, like several other biogenic structures, its compositional heterogeneity represents a challenge to overcome. In addition, there are few studies regarding food applications of lignin. Herein, we evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of lignin from two different sources. These lignins were characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopies. Their antibacterial and antioxidant capacities (DPPH and Folin-Ciocalteu methods) were also investigated. Susceptibility tests were performed with the minimal inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations using the micro-broth dilution technique. Kraft lignin presented higher radical-scavenging and antibacterial activities than alkali lignin, indicating the dependence of antioxidant and antibacterial activities on the precursor biomass. Scanning electron microscopy shows morphologic changes in the bacteria after exposure to lignin, while confocal microscopy suggests that kraft lignin has affinity towards bacterial surfaces and the ability to cause cell membrane destabilization. Lignin inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Enteritidis in skimmed milk, herein taken as food model. Our results suggest that lignins are promising candidates for green additives to improve quality and safety within the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crisiane A Marangon
- Embrapa Instrumentation, Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, São Carlos, SP 13560-979, Brazil
| | - Caio G Otoni
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering (PPGCEM) & Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa), Rod. Washington Luis, 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Paula C Bertuso
- University of São Paulo (USP), Interunit Graduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, CP-780, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Patrícia F Rossi
- Embrapa Instrumentation, Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, São Carlos, SP 13560-979, Brazil; Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Department of Metallurgical, Materials and Mining Engineering, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha - Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Danilo M Dos Santos
- Embrapa Instrumentation, Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, São Carlos, SP 13560-979, Brazil
| | - Tainise V Lourençon
- Aalto University, Department of Bioprocesses and Bioproducts, P.O. Box 16300, Aalto, Finland
| | - Virginia C A Martins
- University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC), Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, CP-780, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria G Plepis
- University of São Paulo (USP), Interunit Graduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, CP-780, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil; University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC), Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, CP-780, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Luiz H C Mattoso
- Embrapa Instrumentation, Nanotechnology National Laboratory for Agriculture (LNNA), Rua XV de Novembro, 1452, São Carlos, SP 13560-979, Brazil
| | - Marcia Nitschke
- University of São Paulo (USP), Interunit Graduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, CP-780, São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil; University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC), Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, CP-780, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil.
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9
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Khadem E, Ghafarzadeh M, Kharaziha M, Sun F, Zhang X. Lignin derivatives-based hydrogels for biomedical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129877. [PMID: 38307436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Recently, numerous studies have been conducted on renewable polymers derived from different natural sources, exploring their suitability for diverse biomedical applications. Lignin as one of the main components of lignocellulosic has garnered significant attention as a promising alternative to petroleum-based polymers. This interest is primarily due to its cost-effectiveness, biocompatibility, eco-friendly nature, as well as its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. These characteristics could be more beneficial when incorporating lignin into the formulation of value-added products. Although lignin has a chemical structure that is suitable for various applications, these characteristics require modifications to guarantee that the resultant materials display the desired biological, chemical, and physical properties when applied in the creation of biodegradable hydrogels, particularly for biomedical purposes. This study delineates the recent modification approaches that have been employed in the creation of lignin-based hydrogels. These strategies encompass both chemical and physical interactions with other polymers. Additionally, this review encompasses an examination of the current applications of lignin hydrogels, spanning their use as scaffolds for tissue engineering, carriers for pharmaceuticals, materials for wound dressings and biosensors, and elements in flexible and wearable electronics. Finally, we delve into the challenges and constraints associated with these materials, discuss the necessary steps required to attain the appropriate properties for the development of innovative lignin-based hydrogels, and derive conclusions based on the presented findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Khadem
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ghafarzadeh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Mahshid Kharaziha
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Fubao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xueming Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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10
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Kargarzadeh H, Kobylińska A, Antos-Bielska M, Krzyżowska M, Gałęski A. Exploring the potential of lignin nanoparticles in enhancing the mechanical, thermal, and bioactive properties of poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129880. [PMID: 38307427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The preparation and characterization of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) were described. LNPs were produced via the precipitation technique. Nanocomposites of LNPs with poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) were prepared by melt mixing with various concentrations up to 6 wt% of LNPs. The assessment of the effects of LNP addition on the mechanical, thermal, morphological, cytotoxicity, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral properties of nanocomposites was carefully performed. The addition of LNPs to PBAT enhances the thermal stability of the nanocomposites. The antioxidant effect of LNPs on PBAT increased with increasing filler content. LNPs showed higher efficiency as antioxidant agents than lignin particles (LP). The tensile modulus increased by 20 % for the nanocomposites with 6 % LNPs in comparison with neat PBAT. The crystallization peak temperature of PBAT was 80 °C, which increased to 104.6 °C with the addition of 6 wt% of LNPs, suggesting their strong nucleation activity. Antibacterial tests demonstrated the bacteriostatic activities of LNP, LP, and nanocomposites. Both LP and LNP showed considerable antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 and human coronavirus 229e. The antiviral activity of LNP was concentration-dependent. The findings suggest that LNP is a promising bio-additive for PBAT and can enhance its properties for various applications, including food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Kargarzadeh
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Kobylińska
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Antos-Bielska
- Department of Nanobiology and Biomaterials, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Krzyżowska
- Department of Nanobiology and Biomaterials, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Gałęski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
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11
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Li K, Zhong W, Li P, Ren J, Jiang K, Wu W. Antibacterial mechanism of lignin and lignin-based antimicrobial materials in different fields. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126281. [PMID: 37572815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The control of microbial infection transmission often relies on the utilization of synthetic and metal-based antimicrobial agents. However, their non-biodegradability and inadequate disposal practices lead to significant environmental contamination. To address this concern, the quest for natural alternatives has gained paramount importance. Lignin, a widely available renewable aromatic compound, emerges as a promising candidate owing to its inherent phenolic moiety, which lends itself well to acting as a natural antimicrobial agent either independently or in combination with other agents. This article provides a comprehensive account of the structure and primary classes of lignin. Additionally, it elucidates the antimicrobial mechanism of lignin, the factors influencing its efficacy, and the methods employed for its detection. Moreover, it describes the progress made in developing the antimicrobial capacity of lignin in different areas. In conclusion, this paper not only outlines the current state of research on the antimicrobial function of lignin, but also identifies challenges and future possibilities for enhancing its antimicrobial properties. This work holds great significance in the ongoing endeavor to contribute to high-impact research on natural alternatives for controlling infections and fostering environmentally conscious practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongyan Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Penghui Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jianpeng Ren
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Kangjie Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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12
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Chelliah R, Wei S, Vijayalakshmi S, Barathikannan K, Sultan G, Liu S, Oh DH. A Comprehensive Mini-Review on Lignin-Based Nanomaterials for Food Applications: Systemic Advancement and Future Trends. Molecules 2023; 28:6470. [PMID: 37764246 PMCID: PMC10535768 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The shift to an environmentally friendly material economy requires renewable resource exploration. This shift may depend on lignin valorization. Lignin is an aromatic polymer that makes up one-third of total lingo-cellulosic biomass and is separated into large amounts for biofuel and paper manufacture. This renewable polymer is readily available at a very low cost as nearly all the lignin that is produced each year (90-100 million tons) is simply burned as a low-value fuel. Lignin offers potential qualities for many applications, and yet it is underutilized. This Perspective highlights lignin-based material prospects and problems in food packaging, antimicrobial, and agricultural applications. The first half will discuss the present and future studies on exploiting lignin as an addition to improve food packaging's mechanical, gas, UV, bioactive molecules, polyphenols, and antioxidant qualities. Second, lignin's antibacterial activity against bacteria, fungi, and viruses will be discussed. In conclusion, lignin agriculture will be discussed in the food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Chelliah
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (R.C.); (S.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (S.V.); (K.B.)
- Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology (KIIT), Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS University, Kanchipuram 600124, India
| | - Shuai Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (R.C.); (S.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Selvakumar Vijayalakshmi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (S.V.); (K.B.)
| | - Kaliyan Barathikannan
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (S.V.); (K.B.)
| | - Ghazala Sultan
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India;
| | - Shucheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (R.C.); (S.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; (S.V.); (K.B.)
- Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology (KIIT), Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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13
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Vasile C, Baican M. Lignins as Promising Renewable Biopolymers and Bioactive Compounds for High-Performance Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3177. [PMID: 37571069 PMCID: PMC10420922 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The recycling of biomass into high-value-added materials requires important developments in research and technology to create a sustainable circular economy. Lignin, as a component of biomass, is a multipurpose aromatic polymer with a significant potential to be used as a renewable bioresource in many fields in which it acts both as promising biopolymer and bioactive compound. This comprehensive review gives brief insights into the recent research and technological trends on the potential of lignin development and utilization. It is divided into ten main sections, starting with an outlook on its diversity; main properties and possibilities to be used as a raw material for fuels, aromatic chemicals, plastics, or thermoset substitutes; and new developments in the use of lignin as a bioactive compound and in nanoparticles, hydrogels, 3D-printing-based lignin biomaterials, new sustainable biomaterials, and energy production and storage. In each section are presented recent developments in the preparation of lignin-based biomaterials, especially the green approaches to obtaining nanoparticles, hydrogels, and multifunctional materials as blends and bio(nano)composites; most suitable lignin type for each category of the envisaged products; main properties of the obtained lignin-based materials, etc. Different application categories of lignin within various sectors, which could provide completely sustainable energy conversion, such as in agriculture and environment protection, food packaging, biomedicine, and cosmetics, are also described. The medical and therapeutic potential of lignin-derived materials is evidenced in applications such as antimicrobial, antiviral, and antitumor agents; carriers for drug delivery systems with controlled/targeting drug release; tissue engineering and wound healing; and coatings, natural sunscreen, and surfactants. Lignin is mainly used for fuel, and, recently, studies highlighted more sustainable bioenergy production technologies, such as the supercapacitor electrode, photocatalysts, and photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Vasile
- Romanian Academy, “P. Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Physical Chemistry of Polymers Department 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, RO700487 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Mihaela Baican
- “Grigore T. Popa” Medicine and Pharmacy University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences I Department, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Physics, 16 University Street, RO700115 Iaşi, Romania;
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Luo J, Gu Y, Yuan Y, Wu W, Jin Y, Jiang B. Lignin-induced sacrificial conjoined-network enabled strong and tough chitosan membrane for food preservation. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 313:120876. [PMID: 37182966 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
As a natural green polymer, chitosan is a promising material for plastic replacement. However, the mutually exclusive strength and toughness severely limit its commercial application, and the improved strength of chitosan-based materials is typically achieved at the expense of elongation or toughness. Herein, inspired by the existed multiple non-covalent interactions in biosynthesized fibers, we successfully fabricated a high-performance lignin/chitosan composite film by constructing sacrificial conjoined-network (hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interaction, etc.), which results in an impressive enhancement in tensile strength (50.2 MPa), elongation (73.6 %), and toughness (2.7 MJ/m3) simultaneously, much superior to the pure chitosan film. In addition, the composite film also demonstrates excellent UV resistance, thermal stability, low oxygen permeability (3.9 cm3/(m2·24h‧0.1 MPa)) and food preservation (with no negligible change for grape, apple, and cherry tomato after 5-10 days). Such developed lignin/chitosan with both components from biomass represents a promising alternative for plastic replacement.
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15
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Boarino A, Klok HA. Opportunities and Challenges for Lignin Valorization in Food Packaging, Antimicrobial, and Agricultural Applications. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1065-1077. [PMID: 36745923 PMCID: PMC10015462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of renewable resources is essential to help transition toward a more sustainable materials economy. The valorization of lignin can be a key component of this transition. Lignin is an aromatic polymer that constitutes approximately one-third of the total lignocellulosic biomass and is isolated in huge quantities as a waste material of biofuel and paper production. About 98% of the 100 million tons of lignin produced each year is simply burned as low-value fuel, so this renewable polymer is widely available at very low cost. Lignin has valuable properties that make it a promising material for numerous applications, but it is far from being fully exploited. The aim of this Perspective is to highlight opportunities and challenges for the use of lignin-based materials in food packaging, antimicrobial, and agricultural applications. In the first part, the ongoing research and the possible future developments for the use of lignin as an additive to improve mechanical, gas and UV barrier, and antioxidant properties of food packaging items will be treated. Second, the application of lignin as an antimicrobial agent will be discussed to elaborate on the activity of lignin against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Finally, the use of lignin in agriculture will be presented by focusing on the application of lignin as fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Boarino
- Institut
des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut
des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Hararak B, Wanmolee W, Wijaranakul P, Prakymoramas N, Winotapun C, Kraithong W, Nakason K. Physicochemical properties of lignin nanoparticles from softwood and their potential application in sustainable pre-harvest bagging as transparent UV-shielding films. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 229:575-588. [PMID: 36592857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Technical lignin can be mainly obtained as a waste by-product from pulp industry, and it exhibits unique properties including ultraviolet adsorption, biodegradable, antibacterial, and antioxidant which can be utilized for bioplastic applications. However, common limitations of technical lignin for plastic applications are compatibility mainly due to poor interfacial adhesion, relatively large particle size and impurity. In this study lignin nanoparticles from softwood (S-LNPs) were successfully produced through a continuous-green-scalable antisolvent precipitation and the suitability of S-LNPs for fabrication of bio-composite polybutylene succinate (PBS) films using conventional blown film extrusion was examined. The attained S-LNPs showed lower ash content, higher phenolic content and higher lignin content compared to pristine softwood kraft lignin (S-lignin). Rheological property including shear viscosity and melt-flow index was determined. The obtained PBS/S-LNP composite films showed improved tensile modulus, higher water vapor transmission rate and excellent UV-shielding ability compared to neat PBS and PBS/S-lignin films. Accelerated weathering testing was conducted to replicate outdoor conditions. Degradation indices including carbonyl, vinyl and hydroxyl of the weathered PBS/lignin composites were evaluated for photo-oxidative stability. The S-LNPs as multifunctional bio-additives in biodegradable composite film exhibited superior performances of transparency, UV-absorption and stiffness with high photo-oxidative stability suitable for outdoor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongkot Hararak
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong-Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Wanwitoo Wanmolee
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong-Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pawarisa Wijaranakul
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong-Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Natcha Prakymoramas
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong-Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Charinee Winotapun
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong-Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Wasawat Kraithong
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong-Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kamonwat Nakason
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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17
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Zhou M, Fakayode OA, Ren M, Li H, Liang J, Zhou C. Green and sustainable extraction of lignin by deep eutectic solvent, its antioxidant activity, and applications in the food industry. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:7201-7219. [PMID: 36815260 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2181762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, an amorphous biomacromolecule abundantly distributed in the plant kingdom, has gained considerable attention due to its intrinsic bioactivities and renewable nature. Owing to its polyphenolic structure, lignin has a variety of human health activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antitumor, and other activities. The extraction of lignin from various sources in a green and sustainable manner is critical in the food industry. Deep eutectic solvent (DES) has recently been recognized as a class of safe and environmentally friendly media capable of efficiently extracting lignin. This article comprehensively reviews the recent advances in lignin extraction using DES, discusses the influential factors on the antioxidant activity of lignin, interprets the relationship between antioxidant activity and lignin structure, and overviews the applications of lignin in the food industry. We aim to highlight the advantages of DES in lignin extraction and valorization from the nutrition and food views.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Olugbenga Abiola Fakayode
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | - Manni Ren
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Haoxin Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Jiakang Liang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Cunshan Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
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Chotirotsukon C, Jirachavala K, Raita M, Pongchaiphol S, Hararak B, Laosiripojana N, Champreda V. Effects of thermal and physical modification on functional properties of organosolv lignin from sugarcane bagasse and its application in cosmeceutical products. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2023.1099010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Organosolv lignin is an emerging bio-additive for creating functional properties in various products with its advantages in high-purity, sulfur-free, biocompatibility, and solubility in green solvents. In this study, effects of thermal and physical modification on alterations of functional properties and particle size distribution of isolated organosolv lignin from sugarcane bagasse (OLB) were studied. Thermal treatment of OLB at increasing temperatures from 170 to 230°C in 70%w/w aqueous ethanol led to alteration of phenolic hydroxyl content, while ultrasonication resulted in homogeneous size distribution of the modified OLB according to laser diffraction and scanning electron micrograph. The highest ultraviolet light absorbance and antioxidant activities were obtained at 190°C treatment which were correlated to the highest phenolic group content. Application of the modified OLB at 3% w/w in a base cream formulation resulted in enhancement of the anti-UV activity to exceed SPF 50 with increasing antioxidant activity in the product. The work provides basis on modification of organosolv lignin for application as a potent functional additive in cosmeceutical products.
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Widsten P, Salo S, Hakkarainen T, Nguyen TL, Borrega M, Fearon O. Antimicrobial and Flame-Retardant Coatings Prepared from Nano- and Microparticles of Unmodified and Nitrogen-Modified Polyphenols. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040992. [PMID: 36850276 PMCID: PMC9958896 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the structures and functional properties of tannin- and lignin-derived nano- and microparticles and the coatings prepared from them. Nanoparticles prepared from technical lignins and water-insoluble tannin obtained from softwood bark showed large differences in the suspension testing of antibacterial efficacy against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria. A common factor among the most effective lignin nanoparticles was a relatively low molar mass of the lignin, but that alone did not guarantee high efficacy. Tannin nanoparticles showed good antibacterial activity both in suspension testing and as coatings applied onto cellulose. The nanoparticles of nitrogen-modified tannin and the small microparticles of nitrogen-modified kraft lignin exhibited promising flame-retardant parameters when applied as coatings on cellulose. These results illustrate the potential of nano- and microsized particles of unmodified and chemically modified polyphenols to provide functional coatings to cellulosic substrates for environments and applications with high hygiene and fire safety requirements.
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20
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Chen M, Li Y, Liu H, Zhang D, Shi QS, Zhong XQ, Guo Y, Xie XB. High value valorization of lignin as environmental benign antimicrobial. Mater Today Bio 2023; 18:100520. [PMID: 36590981 PMCID: PMC9800644 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin is a natural aromatic polymer of p-hydroxyphenylpropanoids with various biological activities. Noticeably, plants have made use of lignin as biocides to defend themselves from pathogen microbial invasions. Thus, the use of isolated lignin as environmentally benign antimicrobial is believed to be a promising high value approach for lignin valorization. On the other hand, as green and sustainable product of plant photosynthesis, lignin should be beneficial to reduce the carbon footprint of antimicrobial industry. There have been many reports that make use of lignin to prepare antimicrobials for different applications. However, lignin is highly heterogeneous polymers different in their monomers, linkages, molecular weight, and functional groups. The structure and property relationship, and the mechanism of action of lignin as antimicrobial remains ambiguous. To show light on these issues, we reviewed the publications on lignin chemistry, antimicrobial activity of lignin models and isolated lignin and associated mechanism of actions, approaches in synthesis of lignin with improved antimicrobial activity, and the applications of lignin as antimicrobial in different fields. Hopefully, this review will help and inspire researchers in the preparation of lignin antimicrobial for their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Huiming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Qing-Shan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Xin-Qi Zhong
- Department of Neonatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Yanzhu Guo
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Xiao-Bao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
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21
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Heo JW, Chen J, Kim MS, Kim JW, Zhang Z, Jeong H, Kim YS. Eco-friendly and facile preparation of chitosan-based biofilms of novel acetoacetylated lignin for antioxidant and UV-shielding properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:1384-1393. [PMID: 36435473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of eco-friendly, sustainable, biodegradable, and biocompatible green biopolymer composites is becoming increasingly important. In this study, acetoacetylated lignin (ATL) was obtained via an eco-friendly, facile one-step synthesis reaction, and chitosan (CS)-containing ATL films (CSL) were prepared. The chemical structural analysis of ATL confirmed that the acetoacetyl groups were successfully grafted onto kraft lignin (KL). ATL with adequate acetoacetyl groups exhibited enhanced molecular weight and antioxidant and ultraviolet (UV)-shielding properties. In particular, ATL, with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 23.8 μg·mL-1, exhibited superior antioxidant activity than butylated hydroxytoluene (38.3 μg·mL-1) and KL (50.0 μg·mL-1). When ATL was incorporated into the CS solution to prepare biofilms, the antioxidant activity, UV-shielding property, water resistance, and thermal stability of the CSL greatly improved. Notably, the UV-A and UV-B shielding properties of the 2 % CSL were 130 % and 78 % higher than those of the pure CS film, respectively. Therefore, ATL designed with lignin-derived multifunctional properties has potential applications as an antioxidant and UV-shielding bio-additive and shows significant prospects in food packaging and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Heo
- Department of Paper Science & Engineering, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiansong Chen
- Department of Paper Science & Engineering, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Kim
- Department of Paper Science & Engineering, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woo Kim
- Department of Paper Science & Engineering, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhili Zhang
- Changgang Institute of Paper Science and Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanseob Jeong
- Forest Industrial Materials Division, Forest Products and Industry Department, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sik Kim
- Department of Paper Science & Engineering, College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Tarrés Q, Aguado R, Domínguez-Robles J, Larrañeta E, Delgado-Aguilar M. Valorization of Kraft Lignin from Black Liquor in the Production of Composite Materials with Poly(caprolactone) and Natural Stone Groundwood Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235178. [PMID: 36501573 PMCID: PMC9735539 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new materials is currently focused on replacing fossil-based plastics with sustainable materials. Obtaining new bioplastics that are biodegradable and of the greenest possible origin could be a great alternative for the future. However, there are some limitations-such as price, physical properties, and mechanical properties-of these bioplastics. In this sense, the present work aims to explore the potential of lignin present in black liquor from paper pulp production as the main component of a new plastic matrix. For this purpose, we have studied the simple recovery of this lignin using acid precipitation, its thermoplastification with glycerin as a plasticizing agent, the production of blends with poly(caprolactone) (PCL), and finally the development of biocomposite materials reinforcing the blend of thermoplastic lignin and PCL with stone groundwood fibers (SGW). The results obtained show that thermoplastic lignin alone cannot be used as a bioplastic. However, its combination with PCL provided a tensile strength of, e.g., 5.24 MPa in the case of a 50 wt.% blend. In addition, when studying the properties of the composite materials, it was found that the tensile strength of a blend with 20 wt.% PCL increased from 1.7 to 11.2 MPa with 40 wt.% SGW. Finally, it was proven that through these biocomposites it is possible to obtain a correct fiber-blend interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quim Tarrés
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Roberto Aguado
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Juan Domínguez-Robles
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Lisburn Road 97, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Lisburn Road 97, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Marc Delgado-Aguilar
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain
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23
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Rizal S, Alfatah T, Abdul Khalil HPS, Yahya EB, Abdullah CK, Mistar EM, Ikramullah I, Kurniawan R, Bairwan RD. Enhanced Functional Properties of Bioplastic Films Using Lignin Nanoparticles from Oil Palm-Processing Residue. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:5126. [PMID: 36501521 PMCID: PMC9740209 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of bioplastic materials that are biobased and/or degradable is commonly presented as an alleviating alternative, offering sustainable and eco-friendly properties over conventional petroleum-derived plastics. However, the hydrophobicity, water barrier, and antimicrobial properties of bioplastics have hindered their utilization in packaging applications. In this study, lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) with a purification process were used in different loadings as enhancements in a Kappaphycus alvarezii matrix to reduce the hydrophilic nature and improve antibacterial properties of the matrix and compared with unpurified LNPs. The influence of the incorporation of LNPs on functional properties of bioplastic films, such as morphology, surface roughness, structure, hydrophobicity, water barrier, antimicrobial, and biodegradability, was studied and found to be remarkably enhanced. Bioplastic film containing 5% purified LNPs showed the optimum enhancement in almost all of the ultimate performances. The enhancement is related to strong interfacial interaction between the LNPs and matrix, resulting in high compatibility of films. Bioplastic films could have additional advantages and provide breakthroughs in packaging materials for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samsul Rizal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Tata Alfatah
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - H. P. S. Abdul Khalil
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Green Biopolymer, Coatings & Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Esam Bashir Yahya
- Green Biopolymer, Coatings & Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - C. K. Abdullah
- Green Biopolymer, Coatings & Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Eka Marya Mistar
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Ikramullah Ikramullah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Rudi Kurniawan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - R. D. Bairwan
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
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24
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Anghel N, Melinte V, Spiridon I, Pertea M. Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Kinetic Studies of Β-Cyclodextrin Crosslinked with Lignin for Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2260. [PMID: 36365079 PMCID: PMC9697378 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Cyclodextrin was attached to lignin/lignin crosslinked by epichlorohydrin and served as a drug delivery matrix. Ketoconazole and piroxicam were added into the polymeric matrix as antifungal and anti-inflammatory agents, respectively. The percentage of drug retained ranged from 48.4% to 58.4% for ketoconazole and piroxicam, respectively. It was found that their tensile strengths increased with decreasing particle size, ranging between 59% and 71% for lignin crosslinked with β-cyclodextrin base matrix (LCD). Depending on the polymeric matrix, the drug release kinetics fit well in the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, with or without Fickian diffusion. From the materials based on the mixture of epoxidized lignin and β-cyclodextrin, the medicines were released more slowly (the release rate constant presents lower values ranging between 1.117 and 1.783), as compared with those comprising LCD (2.210-4.824). The materials were also demonstrated to have antimicrobial activity. The antioxidant activity of LCD loaded with piroxicam was found to be 23.9% greater than that of the base matrix (LCD). These findings could be useful towards β-cyclodextrin attached to lignin formulation development of drug carriers with antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narcis Anghel
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Violeta Melinte
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Iuliana Spiridon
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihaela Pertea
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Reconstructive Microsurgery, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, St. Spiridon Emergency County Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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25
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Zhang X, Zhang J, Yang H, He C, Ke Y, Singh S, Cheng G. Determination of the Structures of Lignin Subunits and Nanoparticles in Solution by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering: Towards Improving Lignin Valorization. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201230. [PMID: 35916324 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) are usually produced from lignin solution through supersaturation. The structure of the lignin in solution is still poorly understood due to structural variability of isolated lignins. Here, lignins were extracted from different plants to establish a general pattern of their structure in several lignin solvents. Lignin molecules (lignin subunits) and larger aggregates were observed in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG) and 0.1 N NaOD solutions by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). It was proposed that the aggregates were composed of lignin subunits with a higher molecular weight and a higher ratio of the aliphatic to phenolic hydroxyl groups. The size, shape, and compactness are important factors that affect the uses of the LNPs, which were obtained from the SANS data for the first time. A discrepancy in the radius between SANS and DLS was discovered, pointing to a large hydration shell around the LNPs in aqueous solutions. The cytotoxicity of the corncob lignin, kraft lignin, and their LNPs were measured and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North 3rd Ring East, # 15, 100029, Beijing, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jinxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North 3rd Ring East, # 15, 100029, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- Dongguan Neutron Source Science Center, 523803, Dongguan, P. R. China
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chunyong He
- Dongguan Neutron Source Science Center, 523803, Dongguan, P. R. China
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Ke
- Dongguan Neutron Source Science Center, 523803, Dongguan, P. R. China
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Seema Singh
- Deconstruction Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI), 5885 Hollis Street, 94608, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Ave, 94551, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Gang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites and College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, North 3rd Ring East, # 15, 100029, Beijing, P. R. China
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26
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Duan X, Wang X, Chen J, Liu G, Liu Y. Structural properties and antioxidation activities of lignins isolated from sequential two-step formosolv fractionation. RSC Adv 2022; 12:24242-24251. [PMID: 36128527 PMCID: PMC9425160 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02085h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the solubility behavior of lignin in formic acid (FA) solution Phragmites australis biomass was subjected to a sequential two-step formosolv fractionation using 88% FA followed by 70% FA to obtain four specific lignin fractions, designated as IFL-88%, IFSL-70%, IFIL-70% and IFL-EtAc. The structures of the four isolated lignin fractions were successfully characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2D-HSQC NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). Furthermore, the total phenolic content of the four isolated lignin samples was assessed by Folin-Ciocalteu analysis. The data from structural properties revealed that depolymerization of the isolated lignin fractions occurred via β-O-4 cleavage, accompanied by competitive condensation reaction. Interestingly, 70% aqueous FA could separate specific lignin fractions with different antioxidant capacities of ABTS˙+ and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Due to the high total phenolic hydroxyl content (25%) and low molecular weight (Mw = 2760 Da) and polydispersity index (PDI = 1.5), IFL-EtAc lignin showed excellent antioxidant activity at the same concentration of 2.0 mg mL-1 in comparison with three other isolated lignin fractions, and it was even equal to that of commercial antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). These findings are helpful to separate specific lignins with higher value as potential antioxidants by sequential two-step formosolv fractionation in lignin chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China +86-10-64416428 +86-10-64421335
- Beijing Zest Bridge Medical Technology Inc. Beijing 100176 China
| | - Xueke Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China +86-10-64416428 +86-10-64421335
| | - Jiangwei Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China +86-10-64416428 +86-10-64421335
| | - Guijiang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China +86-10-64416428 +86-10-64421335
| | - Yun Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China +86-10-64416428 +86-10-64421335
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27
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Yang J, Dai J, Liu X, Fu S, Zong E, Song P. A lignin-based epoxy/TiO 2 hybrid nanoparticle for multifunctional bio-based epoxy with improved mechanical, UV absorption and antibacterial properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 210:85-93. [PMID: 35525492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lignin, as a natural polymer material, has the advantages of green safety, renewable, and pollution-free. It has a wide application prospect in the field of thermosetting. However, it has been attractive but a huge challenge to design high performance and high added-value lignin-based epoxy resin. Herein, lignin-based epoxy (LEP) was synthesized from moso bamboo-derived lignin, and then lignin-based epoxy/titanium dioxide (LEP/TiO2) hybrid nanoparticle was synthesized via liquid deposition method for modifying lignin-based epoxy resin to prepare multifunctional bio-based epoxy. The results show that the LEP/TiO2 hybrid nanoparticle exhibits a stable topological surface shape and good dispersion and uniformity. By adding 10 wt% LEP/TiO2 hybrid nanoparticles, the multifunctional bio-based epoxy exhibits good mechanical strength and toughness, and the tensile strength and fracture toughness reach 36 MPa and 1.26 MPa·m1/2, respectively. In addition, the thermal stability, UV absorption and antibacterial properties of the multifunctional bio-based epoxy are further improved. This study provides a facile and efficient method for the preparation of high-performance multifunctional bio-based epoxy composite and a novel solution for the utilization of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayao Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jinfeng Dai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xiaohuan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; College of Life Science, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Street, Taizhou 318000, PR China.
| | - Shenyuan Fu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Enmin Zong
- College of Life Science, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Street, Taizhou 318000, PR China
| | - Pingan Song
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central 4300, Australia; School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central 4300, Australia.
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28
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Lu X, Gu X, Shi Y. A review on lignin antioxidants: Their sources, isolations, antioxidant activities and various applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 210:716-741. [PMID: 35526770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lignin, a biopolymer obtained from agricultural/forestry residues or paper pulping wastewater, is rich in aromatic structure, which is central to its adoption as a candidate to natural antioxidants. Through insight into its structural features from biomass, different functional groups would influence lignin antioxidant activity, wherein phenolic content is the most important factor, hence massive studies have focused on its improvement via different pretreatments and post-processing methods. Besides, lignin nanoparticles and chemical modifications are also efficient methods to improve antioxidant activity via increasing free content and decreasing bond dissociation enthalpy of phenolic hydroxyl. Lignin samples exhibit comparable radicals scavenging ability to commercial ones, showing their potential as renewable alternatives of synthesized antioxidants. Besides, their applications have also been discussed, which demonstrates lignin potential as an inexpensive antioxidant additive and consequent improvements on multiple functionalities. This review is dedicated to summarize lignin antioxidants extracted from biomass resources, methods to improve their antioxidant activity and their applications, which is beneficial for realizing lignin valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Lu
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Gu
- Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Products, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
| | - Yijun Shi
- Division of Machine Elements, Luleå University of Technology, SE97187 Luleå, Sweden.
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29
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One-Step Lignin Refining Process: The Influence of the Solvent Nature on the Properties and Quality of Fractions. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122363. [PMID: 35745939 PMCID: PMC9227930 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity of kraft lignin is one of the main limitations for the development of high-performance applications. Therefore, refining lignin using organic solvents is a promising strategy to obtain homogenous fractions with controlled quality in terms of structure and properties. In this work, one-step refining processes for hardwood kraft lignin using nine organic solvents of different chemical nature and polarity were carried out with the aim of investigating and understanding the effect of the type of organic solvent on the quality of resulting fractions. Structural features of both soluble and insoluble lignin fractions were assessed by GPC, Py-GC-MS, and FTIR linked to PCA analysis. Moreover, functional properties such as physical appearance, hygroscopicity, antioxidant capacity, and thermal properties were evaluated. The results evidenced the relationship between the nature and polarity of the solvents and the properties of the obtained soluble and insoluble fractions.
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30
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Agrawal R, Kumar A, Singh S, Sharma K. Recent advances and future perspectives of lignin biopolymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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31
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Duan X, Wang X, Huang A, Liu G, Liu Y. Effect of Two-Step Formosolv Fractionation on the Structural Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Lignin. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092905. [PMID: 35566256 PMCID: PMC9104017 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The formosolv fractionation process has been demonstrated to be an effective approach toward lignin recovery as an antioxidant from lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, four lignin fractions, FL-88%, FSL-70%, FIL-70% and FL-EtAc, were isolated from Phragmites australis biomass through two-step formosolv fractionation (88% formic acid delignification followed by 70% aqueous formic acid fractionation). To better understand the structural properties of the lignin obtained from this fractionation process, four isolated lignins were successfully characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-HSQC NMR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and gas chromatograph-mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). It was found that lignin depolymerization via β-O-4 cleavage occurred via a formylation, elimination and hydrolysis mechanism, accompanied by a competitive condensation reaction. Noteworthily, two-step formosolv fractionation can produce specific lignin fractions with different ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities. The FL-EtAc fraction with low molecular weight (Mw = 2748 Da) and good homogeneity (PDI = 1.5) showed excellent antioxidant activity, compared with the other three isolated lignin fractions, even equal to that of commercial antioxidant BHT at the same concentration of 2.0 mg·mL−1. These findings are of great help for specific lignin from biomass as a natural antioxidant in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (X.D.); (X.W.); (A.H.); (G.L.)
- Beijing Zest Bridge Media Technology Inc., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Xueke Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (X.D.); (X.W.); (A.H.); (G.L.)
| | - Ao Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (X.D.); (X.W.); (A.H.); (G.L.)
| | - Guijiang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (X.D.); (X.W.); (A.H.); (G.L.)
| | - Yun Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (X.D.); (X.W.); (A.H.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +86-10-64421335; Fax: +86-10-64416428
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32
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Ramful R, Sunthar TPM, Kamei K, Pezzotti G. Investigating the Antibacterial Characteristics of Japanese Bamboo. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050569. [PMID: 35625213 PMCID: PMC9137583 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural materials, such as bamboo, is able to withstand the rough conditions posed by its environment, such as resistance to degradation by microorganisms, due to notable antibacterial characteristics. The methods of extraction exert a significant influence on the effectiveness of bamboo-derived antibacterial agents. In this study, the antibacterial characteristics of various types of Japanese bamboo, namely, Kyoto-Moso, Kyushu-Moso and Kyushu-Madake were investigated by considering an extraction and a non-extraction method. The characterization of the efficacy of antibacterial agents of various bamboo samples derived from both methods of extractions was conducted using an in vitro cultured bacteria technique consisting of E. coli and S. aureus. Antibacterial test results based on colony-forming units showed that antibacterial agents derived from the non-extraction method yielded better efficacy when tested against E. coli and S. aureus. Most specimens displayed maximum antibacterial efficacy following a 48-h period. The antibacterial agents derived from thermally modified bamboo powder via the non-extraction method showed improved antibacterial activity against S. aureus specifically. In contrast, absorbance results indicated that antibacterial agents derived from the extraction method yielded poor efficacy when tested against both E. coli and S. aureus. From FTIR analysis, characteristic bands assigned to the C-O and C-H functional groups in lignin were recognized as responsible for the antibacterial trait observed in both natural and thermally modified Japanese bamboo powder. Techniques to exploit the antibacterial characteristics present in bamboo by identification of antibacterial source and adoption of adequate methods of extraction are key steps in taking advantage of this attribute in numerous applications involving bamboo-derived products such as laminates and textile fabrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raviduth Ramful
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology (KIT), Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Mechanical and Production Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mauritius, Reduit 80837, Mauritius
- Correspondence:
| | - Thefye P. M. Sunthar
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (T.P.M.S.); (G.P.)
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-0841, Japan
| | - Kaeko Kamei
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan;
| | - Giuseppe Pezzotti
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (T.P.M.S.); (G.P.)
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-0841, Japan
- The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
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33
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Lu X, Que H, Gu X. Facile fabrication of lignin containing cellulose films using water as green solvent. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Recent advances in biological activities of lignin and emerging biomedical applications: A short review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:819-832. [PMID: 35364209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As an abundant biopolymer, lignin gains interest owing to its renewable nature and polyphenolic structure. It possesses many biological activities such as antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, and biocompatibility. Studies are being carried out to relate the biological activities to the polyphenolic structures. These traits present lignin as a natural compound being used in biomedical field. Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) are being investigated for safe use in drug and gene delivery, and lignin-based hydrogels are being explored as wound dressing materials, in tissue engineering and 3D printing. In addition, lignin and its derivatives have shown the potential to treat diabetic disease. This review summarizes latest research results on the biological activities of lignin and highlights potential applications exampled by selective studies. It helps to transform lignin from a waste material into valuable materials and products.
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35
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Lourençon T, Altgen M, Pääkkönen T, Guccini V, Penttilä P, Kontturi E, Rautkari L. Effect of Moisture on Polymer Deconstruction in HCl Gas Hydrolysis of Wood. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:7074-7083. [PMID: 35252698 PMCID: PMC8892909 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The HCl gas system previously used to produce cellulose nanocrystals was applied on Scots pine wood, aiming at a controlled deconstruction of its macrostructure while understanding the effect on its microstructure. The HCl gas treatments resulted in a well-preserved cellular structure of the wood. Differences in wood initial moisture content (iMC) prior to HCl gas treatment played a key role in hydrolysis rather than the studied range of exposure time to the acidic gas. Higher iMCs were correlated with a higher degradation of hemicellulose, while crystalline cellulose microfibrils were not largely affected by the treatments. Remarkably, the hydrogen-deuterium exchange technique showed an increase in accessible OH group concentration at higher iMCs, despite the additional loss in hemicelluloses. Unrelated to changes in the accessible OH group concentration, the HCl gas treatment reduced the concentration of absorbed D2O molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainise Lourençon
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Michael Altgen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
- Department
of Biology, Institute of Wood Science, Universität
Hamburg, Leuschnerstraße
91c, DE-21031 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Timo Pääkkönen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Valentina Guccini
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Paavo Penttilä
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Lauri Rautkari
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
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36
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You S, Xie Y, Zhuang X, Chen H, Qin Y, Cao J, Lan T. Effect of high antioxidant activity on bacteriostasis of lignin from sugarcane bagasse. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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37
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Wei X, Cui S, Xie Y. Synthesis and Antibacterial Properties of Oligomeric Dehydrogenation Polymer from Lignin Precursors. Molecules 2022; 27:1466. [PMID: 35268566 PMCID: PMC8911982 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The lignin precursors of coniferin and syringin were synthesised, and guaiacyl-type and guaiacyl-syringyl-type oligomeric lignin dehydrogenation polymers (DHP and DHP-GS) were prepared with the bulk method. The carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that both DHP-G and DHP-GS contained β-O-4, β-5, β-β, β-1, and 5-5 substructures. Extraction with petroleum ether, ether, ethanol, and acetone resulted in four fractions for each of DHP-G (C11-C14) and DHP-GS (C21-C24). The antibacterial experiments showed that the fractions with lower molecular weight had relatively strong antibacterial activity. The ether-soluble fractions (C12 of DHP-G and C22 of DHP-GS) had strong antibacterial activities against E. coli and S. aureus. The C12 and C22 fractions were further separated by preparative chromatography, and 10 bioactive compounds (G1-G5 and GS1-GS5) were obtained. The overall antibacterial activities of these 10 compounds was stronger against E. coli than S. aureus. Compounds G1, G2, G3, and GS1, which had the most significant antibacterial activities, contained β-5 substructures. Of these, G1 had the best antibacterial activity. Its inhibition zone diameter was 19.81 ± 0.82 mm, and the minimum inhibition concentration was 56.3 ± 6.20 μg/mL. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) showed that the antibacterial activity of G1 was attributable to a phenylcoumarin dimer, while the introduction of syringyl units reduced antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- Research Institute of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (X.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Sheng Cui
- Research Institute of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (X.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Yimin Xie
- Research Institute of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (X.W.); (S.C.)
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
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Short-time deep eutectic solvents pretreatment enhanced production of fermentable sugars and tailored lignin nanoparticles from abaca. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:417-425. [PMID: 34582914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.09.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DES) pretreatment is a promising approach to decrease "biomass recalcitrance" and boost the cellulose bioconversion as well as lignin valorization. In this study, a short-time DES pretreatment strategy was performed to enhance the production of high-yield fermentable sugars and tailored lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) from abaca. The glucose yield reached 92.4% under the optimal pretreatment condition (110 °C, 30 min), which was dramatically increased in comparison with that (9.5%) of control abaca. Simultaneously, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) techniques indicated that the removed and regenerated DES lignin fractions displayed depolymerized structures and have relatively low molecular weight with relatively homogeneous morphology and narrow size distribution. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis indicated that these lignin fractions are LNPs and the size of the optimal LNPs fraction is ranged from 30 nm to 50 nm. Moreover, all the DES lignin exhibited excellent antioxidant activities as compared to the commercial antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), which can be used as a promising natural antioxidant in industry. In short, this study demonstrated that the short-time DES pretreatment will improve the enzymatic digestibility and facilitate the controllable production and valorization of LNPs from abaca biomass, which will further promote the economic and overall benefits of biorefinery.
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da Silva PR, do Carmo Alves de Lima M, Souza TP, Sandes JM, da Conceição Alves de Lima A, Neto PJR, Dos Santos FAB, Alves LC, da Silva RMF, de Moraes Rocha GJ, da Cruz Filho IJ. Lignin from Morinda citrifolia leaves: Physical and chemical characterization, in vitro evaluation of antioxidant, cytotoxic, antiparasitic and ultrastructural activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1799-1812. [PMID: 34774863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated in vitro the antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-leishmanial activities of a lignin extracted from the leaves of Morinda citrifolia. Initially, an analysis of the composition of the sheets was performed, then the lignin was obtained by alkaline delignification and characterized by different techniques: elemental analysis, FT-R, UV-vis, HSQC-NMR, thermal analysis, Py-GC/MS and by GPC. The results showed that the leaves had in their composition cellulose (31.29%), hemicellulose (25.01%), lignin (18.34%), extractives (14.39%) and ash (10.03%). The lignin extraction yield was 89.8%. The lignin obtained is of the GSH type with the following contents 79.39%, 13.58% and 7.03% respectively. Furthermore, it is low molecular weight and thermally stable. It had a phenolic content of 93.3 mg GAE/g and low antioxidant activity. In macrophage cytotoxicity assays, it presented a CC50 of 31.0 μg/mL, showing less toxicity than amphotericin B. In assays against the promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis, lignin presented an IC50 of 29.56 μg/mL, a less effective concentration than amphotericin B (IC50 = 0.14 μg/mL). However, it was able to promote inhibition of the parasites, a fact confirmed by structural changes. These findings reinforce that M. citrifolia lignin is a promising macromolecule for use as an antiparasitic and antioxidant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Roberta da Silva
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, 50.670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Thammyris Pires Souza
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, 50.670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Jana Messias Sandes
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IAM-FIOCRUZ), 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro José Rolim Neto
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Pharmacia, Health Sciences Center, 50.670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Carlos Alves
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IAM-FIOCRUZ), 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - George Jackson de Moraes Rocha
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10.000, PO Box 6192, 13083-100 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Iranildo José da Cruz Filho
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, 50.670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
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Eugenio ME, Martín-Sampedro R, Santos JI, Wicklein B, Ibarra D. Chemical, Thermal and Antioxidant Properties of Lignins Solubilized during Soda/AQ Pulping of Orange and Olive Tree Pruning Residues. Molecules 2021; 26:3819. [PMID: 34201524 PMCID: PMC8270295 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Some agroforestry residues such as orange and olive tree pruning have been extensively evaluated for their valorization due to its high carbohydrates content. However, lignin-enriched residues generated during carbohydrates valorization are normally incinerated to produce energy. In order to find alternative high added-value applications for these lignins, a depth characterization of them is required. In this study, lignins isolated from the black liquors produced during soda/anthraquinone (soda/AQ) pulping of orange and olive tree pruning residues were analyzed by analytical standard methods and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (solid state 13C NMR and 2D NMR) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Thermal analysis (thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)) and antioxidant capacity (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) were also evaluated. Both lignins showed a high OH phenolic content as consequence of a wide breakdown of β-aryl ether linkages. This extensive degradation yielded lignins with low molecular weights and polydispersity values. Moreover, both lignins exhibited an enrichment of syringyl units together with different native as well as soda/AQ lignin derived units. Based on these chemical properties, orange and olive lignins showed relatively high thermal stability and good antioxidant activities. These results make them potential additives to enhance the thermo-oxidation stability of synthetic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E. Eugenio
- Forest Research Center (INIA, CSIC), Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.E.); (R.M.-S.)
| | - Raquel Martín-Sampedro
- Forest Research Center (INIA, CSIC), Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.E.); (R.M.-S.)
| | - José I. Santos
- NMR of Facility of Research (SGIker), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Avenida Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain;
| | - Bernd Wicklein
- Materials Science Institute of Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - David Ibarra
- Forest Research Center (INIA, CSIC), Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.E.); (R.M.-S.)
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41
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Thá EL, Matos M, Avelino F, Lomonaco D, Rodrigues-Souza I, Gagosian VSC, Cestari MM, Magalhães WLE, Leme DM. Safety aspects of kraft lignin fractions: Discussions on the in chemico antioxidant activity and the induction of oxidative stress on a cell-based in vitro model. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:977-986. [PMID: 33887289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lignin is a complex phenolic biopolymer present in plant cell walls and a by-product of the cellulose pulping industry. Lignin has functional properties, such as antioxidant activity, that make it a potential natural active ingredient for health-care products. However, not all safety aspects of lignin fractions have been adequately investigated. Herein, we evaluated the antioxidant and genotoxic potential of two hardwood kraft lignins (F3 and F5). The chemical characterization of F3 and F5 demonstrated their thermal stability and the presence of different phenolic units, while the DPPH assay confirmed the antioxidant activity of these lignin fractions. Despite being antioxidants in the DPPH assay, F3 and F5 were capable of generating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequently causing oxidative DNA damage (Comet assay) in HepG2 cells. The biological relevance of the DPPH assay might be uncertain in some cases; therefore, we suggest combining in chemico tests with biological system-based tests to determine efficacy and safety levels of lignins and define appropriate applications of lignins for consumer products. Moreover, kraft lignins obtained by acid precipitation may pose risks to human health; however, as genotoxicity is not the sole endpoint of toxicity required in hazard assessments, additional toxicological evaluations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanoela Lundgren Thá
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics - Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Mailson Matos
- Graduate Program in Engineering and Materials Science (PIPE), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Francisco Avelino
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará (IFCE), Iguatu, CE, Brazil
| | - Diego Lomonaco
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry - Federal University of Ceará (UFCE), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Isisdoris Rodrigues-Souza
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics - Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Marta Margarete Cestari
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics - Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Washington Luiz Esteves Magalhães
- Graduate Program in Engineering and Materials Science (PIPE), Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Embrapa Florestas, Colombo, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniela Morais Leme
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics - Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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