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Dorand VAM, Soares NL, da Silva Andrade ADA, Ribeiro MD, de Almeida Filho EJB, Neto MM, Batista KS, de Oliveira GC, Alves AF, de Paiva Sousa MC, Silva AS, Aquino JDS. Intermittent fasting associated with aerobic exercise improves oxidative parameters and causes muscle damage without compromising the performance of Wistar rats. Nutrition 2023; 115:112159. [PMID: 37549455 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to` investigate the effects of intermittent fasting (IF) and the possible association with aerobic exercise on performance, oxidative, biochemical, and somatic parameters of Wistar rats. METHODS Forty rats were randomized into the following groups: sedentary (SC) and trained (TC) controls, sedentary intermittent fasting (SIF), and trained intermittent fasting (TIF). The rats were subjected to IF for 15 h every day and aerobic exercise lasting 30 min, five times a week, at a speed of 15 m/min for 4 wk. Performance tests were performed at the beginning and end of the protocol. Glucose and insulin tolerance, somatic parameters, lipidogram, leptin, insulin, malondialdehyde, antioxidant capacity, C-reactive protein, alpha acid glycoprotein, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and muscle histology were analyzed. RESULTS The trained groups had similar performance and significantly improved performance at the end of the experiment. TIF showed lower body weight (-16 g), lean mass (22.49%), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (29%), and lactate dehydrogenase (48%), and higher malondialdehyde (53%) and antioxidant capacity (75%) than the TC group. The SIF and TIF groups showed a fiber area reduction and positivity marking for tumor necrosis factor-α in the muscles. CONCLUSION Although IF associated with aerobic exercise improved antioxidant capacity caused damage to muscle fibers and lean mass loss, it did not change the performance of the rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Augusto Mathias Dorand
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, UFPB, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Naís Lira Soares
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, UFPB, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Mateus Duarte Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Applied Studies in Physical Training to Performance and Health - LETFADS, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil; Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education - UPE/UFPB, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Eder Jackson Bezerra de Almeida Filho
- Laboratory of Applied Studies in Physical Training to Performance and Health - LETFADS, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Manoel Miranda Neto
- Laboratory of Applied Studies in Physical Training to Performance and Health - LETFADS, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Kamila Sabino Batista
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, UFPB, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Adriano Francisco Alves
- Laboratory of General pathology, Department of Physiology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina de Paiva Sousa
- Laboratory of General pathology, Department of Physiology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Sergio Silva
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; Laboratory of Applied Studies in Physical Training to Performance and Health - LETFADS, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil; Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education - UPE/UFPB, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Jailane de Souza Aquino
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba, UFPB, João Pessoa-PB, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; Department of Nutrition at the Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
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2
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Janini Gomes M, Sabela AK, Ferreira ITP, de Souza SLB, Mota GAF, da Silva VL, de Campos DHS, Lima ARR, Carvalho MR, Bazan SGZ, Corrêa CR, Cicogna AC, Okoshi MP, Pacagnelli FL. Effects of aerobic exercise on cardiac function and gene expression of NADPH oxidases in diaphragm muscle of rats with aortic stenosis-induced heart failure. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1182303. [PMID: 37362442 PMCID: PMC10285051 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1182303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the influence of aerobic physical exercise (EX) on gene-encoding proteins associated with oxidative stress in diaphragm muscle of rats with aortic stenosis-induced heart failure (HF). Wistar male rats were divided into four groups: Control sedentary (C); Control exercise (C-Ex); Sedentary aortic stenosis (AS); Aortic stenosis exercise (AS-Ex). Exercised rats trained 5 times a week for 10 weeks on a treadmill. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test. In the final echocardiogram, animals with aortic stenosis subjected to exercise demonstrated improvement in systolic function compared to the sedentary aortic stenosis group. In diaphragm muscle, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde malondialdehyde concentration, protein carbonylation, and protein expression of p65 and its inhibitor IκB did not differ between groups. Alterations in gene expression of sources that generate reactive species of oxygen were observed in AS-Ex group, which showed decreased mRNA abundance of NOX2 and NOX4 compared to the aortic stenosis group (p < 0.05). We concluded that aerobic exercise has a positive impact during heart failure, ameliorating systolic dysfunction and biomarkers of oxidative stress in diaphragm muscle of rats with aortic stenosis-induced heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Janini Gomes
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Ana Karenina Sabela
- Physiotherapy Department, UNOESTE, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
- Post-graduate Program, Animal Science, UNOESTE, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francis Lopes Pacagnelli
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Physiotherapy Department, UNOESTE, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
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3
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Jiang J, Ni L, Zhang X, Gokulnath P, Vulugundam G, Li G, Wang H, Xiao J. Moderate-Intensity Exercise Maintains Redox Homeostasis for Cardiovascular Health. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200204. [PMID: 36683183 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that exercise is beneficial for cardiovascular health. Oxidative stress is the common pathological basis of many cardiovascular diseases. The overproduction of free radicals, both reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, can lead to redox imbalance and exacerbate oxidative damage to the cardiovascular system. Maintaining redox homeostasis and enhancing anti-oxidative capacity are critical mechanisms by which exercise protects against cardiovascular diseases. Moderate-intensity exercise is an effective means to maintain cardiovascular redox homeostasis. Moderate-intensity exercise reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease by improving mitochondrial function and anti-oxidative capacity. It also attenuates adverse cardiac remodeling and enhances cardiac function. This paper reviews the primary mechanisms of moderate-intensity exercise-mediated redox homeostasis in the cardiovascular system. Exploring the role of exercise-mediated redox homeostasis in the cardiovascular system is of great significance to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizong Jiang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Lingyan Ni
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Priyanka Gokulnath
- Cardiovascular Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | | | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hongyun Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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4
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Chronic Coronary Syndrome in Frail Old Population. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081133. [PMID: 36013312 PMCID: PMC9410393 DOI: 10.3390/life12081133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The demographic trend of aging is associated with an increased prevalence of comorbidities among the elderly. Physical, immunological, emotional and cognitive impairment, in the context of the advanced biological age segment, leads to the maintenance and precipitation of cardiovascular diseases. Thus, more and more data are focused on understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying each fragility phenotype and how they potentiate each other. The implications of inflammation, sarcopenia, vitamin D deficiency and albumin, as dimensions inherent in fragility, in the development and setting of chronic coronary syndromes (CCSs) have proven their patent significance but are still open to research. At the same time, the literature speculates on the interdependent relationship between frailty and CCSs, revealing the role of the first one in the development of the second. In this sense, depression, disabilities, polypharmacy and even cognitive disorders in the elderly with ischemic cardiovascular disease mean a gradual and complex progression of frailty. The battery of tests necessary for the evaluation of the elderly with CCSs requires a permanent update, according to the latest guidelines, but also an individualized approach related to the degree of frailty and the conditions imposed by it. By summation, the knowledge of frailty screening methods, through the use of sensitive and individualized tools, is the foundation of secondary prevention and prognosis in the elderly with CCSs. Moreover, a comprehensive geriatric assessment remains the gold standard of the medical approach of these patients. The management of the frail elderly, with CCSs, brings new challenges, also from the perspective of the treatment particularities. Sometimes the risk–benefit balance is difficult to achieve. Therefore, the holistic, individualized and updated approach of these patients remains a desired objective, by understanding and permanently acquiring knowledge on the complexity of the frailty syndrome.
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Sánchez-Duarte S, Montoya-Pérez R, Márquez-Gamiño S, Vera-Delgado KS, Caudillo-Cisneros C, Sotelo-Barroso F, Sánchez-Briones LA, Sánchez-Duarte E. Apocynin Attenuates Diabetes-Induced Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction by Mitigating ROS Generation and Boosting Antioxidant Defenses in Fast-Twitch and Slow-Twitch Muscles. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050674. [PMID: 35629342 PMCID: PMC9146446 DOI: 10.3390/life12050674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to diabetes mellitus, skeletal muscle is negatively affected, as is evident by reduced contractile force production, increased muscle fatigability, and increased levels of oxidative stress biomarkers. Apocynin is a widely used NADPH oxidase inhibitor, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. It has been effective for amelioration of a variety of disorders, including diabetic complications. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects and action mechanisms of apocynin in slow- and fast-twitch diabetic rat muscles. Male Wistar rats were rendered diabetic by applying intraperitoneally a single dose of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg). Apocynin treatment (3 mg/kg/day) was administered over 8 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin tolerance and body weight gain were measured. Both slow (soleus) and fast (extensor digitorum longus, EDL) skeletal muscles were used for muscle function evaluation, oxidative stress markers, and evaluating gene expression using qRT-PCR. Treatment with apocynin significantly reduced FBG levels and enhanced insulin tolerance. Apocynin also prevented muscle contractile dysfunction in EDL muscle but had no significant effect on this parameter in soleus muscles. However, in both types of muscles, apocynin mitigated the oxidative stress by decreasing ROS levels and increasing total glutathione levels and redox state. Concomitantly, apocynin also statistically enhanced Nrf-2 and GLU4 mRNA expression and downregulated NOX2, NOX4, and NF-κB mRNA. Collectively, apocynin exhibits properties myoprotective in diabetic animals. These findings indicate that apocynin predominantly acts as an antioxidant in fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscles but has differential impact on contractile function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarai Sánchez-Duarte
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Mújica s/n, Col. Felicitas del Río, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico; (S.S.-D.); (R.M.-P.)
| | - Rocío Montoya-Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Mújica s/n, Col. Felicitas del Río, Morelia 58030, Michoacán, Mexico; (S.S.-D.); (R.M.-P.)
| | - Sergio Márquez-Gamiño
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al Trabajo, Universidad de Guanajuato Campus León, Eugenio Garza Sada 572, Lomas del Campestre Sección 2, León 37150, Guanajuato, Mexico; (S.M.-G.); (K.S.V.-D.); (C.C.-C.); (F.S.-B.); (L.A.S.-B.)
| | - Karla S. Vera-Delgado
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al Trabajo, Universidad de Guanajuato Campus León, Eugenio Garza Sada 572, Lomas del Campestre Sección 2, León 37150, Guanajuato, Mexico; (S.M.-G.); (K.S.V.-D.); (C.C.-C.); (F.S.-B.); (L.A.S.-B.)
| | - Cipriana Caudillo-Cisneros
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al Trabajo, Universidad de Guanajuato Campus León, Eugenio Garza Sada 572, Lomas del Campestre Sección 2, León 37150, Guanajuato, Mexico; (S.M.-G.); (K.S.V.-D.); (C.C.-C.); (F.S.-B.); (L.A.S.-B.)
| | - Fernando Sotelo-Barroso
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al Trabajo, Universidad de Guanajuato Campus León, Eugenio Garza Sada 572, Lomas del Campestre Sección 2, León 37150, Guanajuato, Mexico; (S.M.-G.); (K.S.V.-D.); (C.C.-C.); (F.S.-B.); (L.A.S.-B.)
| | - Luis A. Sánchez-Briones
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al Trabajo, Universidad de Guanajuato Campus León, Eugenio Garza Sada 572, Lomas del Campestre Sección 2, León 37150, Guanajuato, Mexico; (S.M.-G.); (K.S.V.-D.); (C.C.-C.); (F.S.-B.); (L.A.S.-B.)
| | - Elizabeth Sánchez-Duarte
- Departamento de Ciencias Aplicadas al Trabajo, Universidad de Guanajuato Campus León, Eugenio Garza Sada 572, Lomas del Campestre Sección 2, León 37150, Guanajuato, Mexico; (S.M.-G.); (K.S.V.-D.); (C.C.-C.); (F.S.-B.); (L.A.S.-B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-1477-2670-4900 (ext. 4833)
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6
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Takada S, Sabe H, Kinugawa S. Treatments for skeletal muscle abnormalities in heart failure: sodium-glucose transporter 2 and ketone bodies. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 322:H117-H128. [PMID: 34860594 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00100.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Various skeletal muscle abnormalities are known to occur in heart failure (HF), and are closely associated with exercise intolerance. Particularly, abnormal energy metabolism caused by mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle is a cause of decreased endurance exercise capacity. However, to date, no specific drug treatment has been established for the skeletal muscle abnormalities and exercise intolerance occurring in HF patients. Sodium-glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors promote glucose excretion by suppressing glucose reabsorption in the renal tubules, which has a hypoglycemic effect independent of insulin secretion. Recently, large clinical trials have demonstrated that treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors suppresses cardiovascular events in patients who have HF with systolic dysfunction. Mechanisms of the therapeutic effects of SGLT2 inhibitors for HF have been suggested to be diuretic, suppression of neurohumoral factor activation, renal protection, and improvement of myocardial metabolism, but has not been clarified to date. SGLT2 inhibitors are known to increase blood ketone bodies. This suggests that they may improve the abnormal skeletal muscle metabolism in HF, i.e., improve fatty acid metabolism, suppress glycolysis, and utilize ketone bodies in mitochondrial energy production. Ultimately, they may improve aerobic metabolism in skeletal muscle, and suppress anaerobic metabolism and improve aerobic exercise capacity at the level of the anaerobic threshold. The potential actions of such SGLT2 inhibitors explain their effectiveness in HF, and may be candidates for new drug treatments aimed at improving exercise intolerance. In this review, we outlined the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on skeletal muscle metabolism, with a particular focus on ketone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Takada
- Department of Sports Education, Faculty of Lifelong Sport, Hokusho University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hisataka Sabe
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kinugawa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
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7
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Ciccarelli M, Dawson D, Falcao-Pires I, Giacca M, Hamdani N, Heymans S, Hooghiemstra A, Leeuwis A, Hermkens D, Tocchetti CG, van der Velden J, Zacchigna S, Thum T. Reciprocal organ interactions during heart failure: a position paper from the ESC Working Group on Myocardial Function. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2416-2433. [PMID: 33483724 PMCID: PMC8562335 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure-either with reduced or preserved ejection fraction (HFrEF/HFpEF)-is a clinical syndrome of multifactorial and gender-dependent aetiology, indicating the insufficiency of the heart to pump blood adequately to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. Typical symptoms commonly include shortness of breath, excessive fatigue with impaired exercise capacity, and peripheral oedema, thereby alluding to the fact that heart failure is a syndrome that affects multiple organ systems. Patients suffering from progressed heart failure have a very limited life expectancy, lower than that of numerous cancer types. In this position paper, we provide an overview regarding interactions between the heart and other organ systems, the clinical evidence, underlying mechanisms, potential available or yet-to-establish animal models to study such interactions and finally discuss potential new drug interventions to be developed in the future. Our working group suggests that more experimental research is required to understand the individual molecular mechanisms underlying heart failure and reinforces the urgency for tailored therapeutic interventions that target not only the heart but also other related affected organ systems to effectively treat heart failure as a clinical syndrome that affects and involves multiple organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ciccarelli
- University of Salerno, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Via S. Allende 1, 84081, Baronissi(Salerno), Italy
| | - Dana Dawson
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2DZ, UK
| | - Inês Falcao-Pires
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mauro Giacca
- King’s College London, Molecular Medicine Laboratory, 125 Caldharbour Lane, London WC2R2LS, United Kingdom
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano, 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Stéphane Heymans
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Bus 911, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
- ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Holland Heart House, Moreelsepark 1, 3511 EP Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Astrid Hooghiemstra
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Humanities, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annebet Leeuwis
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorien Hermkens
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carlo Gabriele Tocchetti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Interdepartmental Center of Clinical and Translational Research (CIRCET), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume, 447, 34129 Trieste, Italy
- Cardiovascular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano, 99, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
- REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Nicolai-Fuchs-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
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8
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Alves CRR, Eichelberger EJ, das Neves W, Ribeiro MAC, Bechara LRG, Voltarelli VA, de Almeida NR, Hagen L, Sharma A, Ferreira JCB, Swoboda KJ, Slupphaug G, Brum PC. Cancer-induced muscle atrophy is determined by intrinsic muscle oxidative capacity. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21714. [PMID: 34118107 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100263r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that cancer cachexia progression would induce oxidative post-translational modifications (Ox-PTMs) associated with skeletal muscle wasting, with different responses in muscles with the prevalence of glycolytic and oxidative fibers. We used cysteine-specific isotopic coded affinity tags (OxICAT) and gel-free mass spectrometry analysis to investigate the cysteine Ox-PTMs profile in the proteome of both plantaris (glycolytic) and soleus (oxidative) muscles in tumor-bearing and control rats. Histological analysis revealed muscle atrophy in type II fibers in plantaris muscle, with no changes in plantaris type I fibers and no differences in both soleus type I and II fibers in tumor-bearing rats when compared to healthy controls. Tumor progression altered the Ox-PTMs profile in both plantaris and soleus. However, pathway analysis including the differentially oxidized proteins revealed tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation as main affected pathways in plantaris muscle from tumor-bearing rats, while the same analysis did not show main metabolic pathways affected in the soleus muscle. In addition, cancer progression affected several metabolic parameters such as ATP levels and markers of oxidative stress associated with muscle atrophy in plantaris muscle, but not in soleus. However, isolated soleus from tumor-bearing rats had a reduced force production capacity when compared to controls. These novel findings demonstrate that tumor-bearing rats have severe muscle atrophy exclusively in glycolytic fibers. Cancer progression is associated with cysteine Ox-PTMs in the skeletal muscle, but these modifications affect different pathways in a glycolytic muscle compared to an oxidative muscle, indicating that intrinsic muscle oxidative capacity determines the response to cancer cachectic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiano R R Alves
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric J Eichelberger
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Willian das Neves
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcio A C Ribeiro
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz R G Bechara
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa A Voltarelli
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ney R de Almeida
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lars Hagen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,PROMEC Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core, NTNU and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Animesh Sharma
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,PROMEC Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core, NTNU and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Julio C B Ferreira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kathryn J Swoboda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Geir Slupphaug
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,PROMEC Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core, NTNU and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Patricia C Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Benchside to the bedside of frailty and cardiovascular aging: Main shared cellular and molecular mechanisms. Exp Gerontol 2021; 148:111302. [PMID: 33675900 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Due to the impact that frailty and cardiac aging have on society and health systems, the mechanisms surrounding these conditions must be known. If the frailty and cardiovascular complications are due to numerous controllable factors or not, different strategies must be considered to improve the elderly patient's prognosis and improve their quality of life. This review aimed to investigate the main shared mechanisms of cardiac aging and frailty. MEDLINE-PubMed, Cohrane and EMBASE databases were searched to perform this review. The mesh-terms used for this search was frailty, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular aging, or heart failure (HF). Frailty frequently coexists with heart conditions since they share predisposing pathophysiological alterations, the aging process, and elevated comorbidity burden, contributing to fast functional decline and sarcopenia. Mitochondrial dysfunctions and decreased protein synthesis lead to protein degradation, denervation, atrophy, impairment in the fatty acid oxidation, resulting in cardiomyopathy. The homeostasis of muscle metabolism deteriorates with aging, leading to a reduction in muscle quality and quantity. The installation of a low-grade and chronic inflammatory process adds to an impairment in glucose, protein and lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, cardiovascular conditions, sarcopenia, and HF. The exacerbated rise in inflammatory biomarkers and impaired insulin resistance leads to worsening of the patient's general condition. The good news is that frailty is a dynamic syndrome, fluctuating between different states of seriousness but still has potential for reversibility based on physical activity, cognitive training, nutrition intervention, and a plethora of other approaches that can be performed by a multi-disciplinary team.
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Hord JM, Garcia MM, Farris KR, Guzzoni V, Lee Y, Lawler MS, Lawler JM. Nox2 signaling and muscle fiber remodeling are attenuated by losartan administration during skeletal muscle unloading. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14606. [PMID: 33400850 PMCID: PMC7785102 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced mechanical loading results in atrophy of skeletal muscle fibers. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) are causal in sarcolemmal dislocation of nNOS and FoxO3a activation. The Nox2 isoform of NADPH oxidase and mitochondria release ROS during disuse in skeletal muscle. Activation of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) can elicit Nox2 complex formation. The AT1R blocker losartan was used to test the hypothesis that AT1R activation drives Nox2 assembly, nNOS dislocation, FoxO3a activation, and thus alterations in morphology in the unloaded rat soleus. Male Fischer 344 rats were divided into four groups: ambulatory control (CON), ambulatory + losartan (40 mg kg-1 day-1 ) (CONL), 7 days of tail-traction hindlimb unloading (HU), and HU + losartan (HUL). Losartan attenuated unloading-induced loss of muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) and fiber-type shift. Losartan mitigated unloading-induced elevation of ROS levels and upregulation of Nox2. Furthermore, AT1R blockade abrogated nNOS dislocation away from the sarcolemma and elevation of nuclear FoxO3a. We conclude that AT1R blockade attenuates disuse remodeling by inhibiting Nox2, thereby lessening nNOS dislocation and activation of FoxO3a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Hord
- Redox Biology & Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Graduate Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Marcela M Garcia
- Redox Biology & Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Graduate Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Katherine R Farris
- Redox Biology & Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Graduate Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Vinicius Guzzoni
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Yang Lee
- Department of Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, College Station/Temple, TX, USA
| | - Matthew S Lawler
- Redox Biology & Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Graduate Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John M Lawler
- Redox Biology & Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Graduate Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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11
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Carbone S, Billingsley HE, Rodriguez-Miguelez P, Kirkman DL, Garten R, Franco RL, Lee DC, Lavie CJ. Lean Mass Abnormalities in Heart Failure: The Role of Sarcopenia, Sarcopenic Obesity, and Cachexia. Curr Probl Cardiol 2020; 45:100417. [PMID: 31036371 PMCID: PMC11146283 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of body composition in patients with heart failure (HF) has been receiving much attention in the last few years. Particularly, reduced lean mass (LM), the best surrogate for skeletal muscle mass, is independently associated with abnormal cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscle strength, ultimately leading to reduced quality of life and worse prognosis. While in the past, reduced CRF in patients with HF was thought to result exclusively from cardiac dysfunction leading to reduced cardiac output at peak exercise, current evidence supports the concept that abnormalities in LM may also play a critical role. Abnormalities in the LM body composition compartment are associated with the development of sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, and cachexia. Such conditions have been implicated in the pathophysiology and progression of HF. However, identification of such conditions remains challenging, as universal definitions for sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, and cachexia are lacking. In this review article, we describe the most common body composition abnormalities related to the LM compartment, including skeletal and respiratory muscle mass abnormalities, and the consequences of such anomalies on CRF and muscle strength in patients with HF. Finally, we discuss the potential nonpharmacologic therapeutic strategies such as exercise training (ie, aerobic exercise and resistance exercise) and dietary interventions (ie, dietary supplementation and dietary patterns) that have been implemented to target body composition, with a focus on HF.
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12
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Exercise as a Therapeutic Strategy for Sarcopenia in Heart Failure: Insights into Underlying Mechanisms. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102284. [PMID: 33066240 PMCID: PMC7602002 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, a syndrome commonly seen in elderly populations, is often characterized by a gradual loss of skeletal muscle, leading to the decline of muscle strength and physical performance. Growing evidence suggests that the prevalence of sarcopenia increases in patients with heart failure (HF), which is a dominant pathogenesis in the aging heart. HF causes diverse metabolic complications that may result in sarcopenia. Therefore, sarcopenia may act as a strong predictor of frailty, disability, and mortality associated with HF. Currently, standard treatments for slowing muscle loss in patients with HF are not available. Therefore, here, we review the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying sarcopenia in HF as well as current knowledge regarding the beneficial effects of exercise on sarcopenia in HF and related mechanisms, including hormonal changes, myostatin, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and insulin resistance.
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13
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Powers SK, Ozdemir M, Hyatt H. Redox Control of Proteolysis During Inactivity-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:559-569. [PMID: 31941357 PMCID: PMC7454189 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.8000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Skeletal muscles play essential roles in key body functions including breathing, locomotion, and glucose homeostasis; therefore, maintaining healthy skeletal muscles is important. Prolonged periods of muscle inactivity (e.g., bed rest, mechanical ventilation, or limb immobilization) result in skeletal muscle atrophy and weakness. Recent Advances: Disuse skeletal muscle atrophy occurs due to both accelerated proteolysis and decreased protein synthesis with proteolysis playing a leading role in some types of inactivity-induced atrophy. Although all major proteolytic systems are involved in inactivity-induced proteolysis in skeletal muscles, growing evidence indicates that both calpain and autophagy play an important role. Regulation of proteolysis in skeletal muscle is under complex control, but it is established that activation of both calpain and autophagy is directly linked to oxidative stress. Critical Issues: In this review, we highlight the experimental evidence that supports a cause and effect link between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of both calpain and autophagy in skeletal muscle fibers during prolonged inactivity. We also review the sources of oxidant production in muscle fibers during inactivity-induced atrophy, and provide a detailed discussion on how ROS activates both calpain and autophagy during disuse muscle wasting. Future Directions: Future studies are required to delineate the specific mechanisms by which ROS activates both calpain and autophagy in skeletal muscles during prolonged periods of contractile inactivity. This knowledge is essential to develop the most effective strategies to protect against disuse muscle atrophy. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 33, 559-569.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Powers
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mustafa Ozdemir
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Hayden Hyatt
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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14
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Effect of exercise training on cardiovascular autonomic and muscular function in subclinical Chagas cardiomyopathy: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Auton Res 2020; 31:239-251. [PMID: 32875456 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-020-00721-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy with preserved ventricular function present with autonomic imbalance. This study evaluated the effects of exercise training (ET) in restoring peripheral and cardiac autonomic control and skeletal muscle phenotype in patients with subclinical chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy. METHODS This controlled trial (NCT02295215) included 24 chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy patients who were randomized www.random.org/lists/ into two groups: those who underwent exercise training (n = 12) and those who continued their usual activities (n = 12). Eight patients completed the exercise training protocol, and 10 patients were clinically followed up for 4 months. Muscular sympathetic nerve activity was measured by microneurography and muscle blood flow (MBF) using venous occlusion plethysmography. The low-frequency component of heart rate variability in normalized units (LFnuHR) reflects sympathetic activity in the heart, and the low-frequency component of systolic blood pressure variability in normalized units reflects sympathetic activity in the vessels. The infusion of vasoactive drugs (phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside) was used to evaluate cardiac baroreflex sensitivity, and a vastus lateralis muscle biopsy was performed to evaluate atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 gene expression. RESULTS The baroreflex sensitivity for increases (p = 0.002) and decreases (p = 0.02) in systolic blood pressure increased in the ET group. Muscle blood flow also increased only in the ET group (p = 0.004). Only the ET group had reduced resting muscular sympathetic nerve activity levels (p = 0.008) and sympathetic activity in the heart (LFnu; p = 0.004) and vessels (p = 0.04) after 4 months. Regarding skeletal muscle, after 4 months, participants in the exercise training group presented with lower atrogin-1 gene expression than participants who continued their activities as usual (p = 0.001). The reduction in muscular sympathetic nerve activity was positively associated with reduced atrogin-1 (r = 0.86; p = 0.02) and MuRF-1 gene expression (r = 0.64; p = 0.06); it was negatively associated with improved baroreflex sensitivity both for increases (r = -0.72; p = 0.020) and decreases (r = -0.82; p = 0.001) in blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS ET improved cardiac and peripheral autonomic function in patients with subclinical chagasic cardiomyopathy. ET reduced MSNA and sympathetic activity in the heart and vessels and increased cardiac parasympathetic tone and baroreflex sensitivity. Regarding peripheral muscle, after 4 months, patients who underwent exercise training had an increased cross-sectional area of type I fibers and oxidative metabolism of muscle fibers, and decreased atrogin-1 gene expression, compared to participants who continued their activities as usual. In addition, the reduction in MSNA was associated with improved cardiac baroreflex sensitivity, reduced sympathetic cardiovascular tone, and reduced atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 gene expression. TRIAL REGISTRATION ID: NCT02295215. Registered in June 2013.
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Dantas WS, Roschel H, Murai IH, Gil S, Davuluri G, Axelrod CL, Ghosh S, Newman SS, Zhang H, Shinjo SK, das Neves W, Merege-Filho C, Teodoro WR, Capelozzi VL, Pereira RM, Benatti FB, de Sá-Pinto AL, de Cleva R, Santo MA, Kirwan JP, Gualano B. Exercise-Induced Increases in Insulin Sensitivity After Bariatric Surgery Are Mediated By Muscle Extracellular Matrix Remodeling. Diabetes 2020; 69:1675-1691. [PMID: 32409493 PMCID: PMC7372074 DOI: 10.2337/db19-1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exercise seems to enhance the beneficial effect of bariatric (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [RYGB]) surgery on insulin resistance. We hypothesized that skeletal muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling may underlie these benefits. Women were randomized to either a combined aerobic and resistance exercise training program following RYGB (RYGB + ET) or standard of care (RYGB). Insulin sensitivity was assessed by oral glucose tolerance test. Muscle biopsy specimens were obtained at baseline and 3 and 9 months after surgery and subjected to comprehensive phenotyping, transcriptome profiling, molecular pathway identification, and validation in vitro. Exercise training improved insulin sensitivity beyond surgery alone (e.g., Matsuda index: RYGB 123% vs. RYGB + ET 325%; P ≤ 0.0001). ECM remodeling was reduced by surgery alone, with an additive benefit of surgery and exercise training (e.g., collagen I: RYGB -41% vs. RYGB + ET -76%; P ≤ 0.0001). Exercise and RYGB had an additive effect on enhancing insulin sensitivity, but surgery alone did not resolve insulin resistance and ECM remodeling. We identified candidates modulated by exercise training that may become therapeutic targets for treating insulin resistance, in particular, the transforming growth factor-β1/SMAD 2/3 pathway and its antagonist follistatin. Exercise-induced increases in insulin sensitivity after bariatric surgery are at least partially mediated by muscle ECM remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner S Dantas
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Roschel
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor H Murai
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Saulo Gil
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gangarao Davuluri
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Christopher L Axelrod
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
- Department of Translational Services, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Genomics Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program and Center for Computational Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Susan S Newman
- Genomics Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Samuel K Shinjo
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian das Neves
- Clinical Oncology Service, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Merege-Filho
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walcy R Teodoro
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera L Capelozzi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria Pereira
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana B Benatti
- School of Applied Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana L de Sá-Pinto
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto de Cleva
- Department of Digestive Division, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco A Santo
- Department of Digestive Division, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - John P Kirwan
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Bruno Gualano
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Laboratory of Assessment and Conditioning in Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Deminice R, Hyatt H, Yoshihara T, Ozdemir M, Nguyen B, Levine S, Powers S. Human and Rodent Skeletal Muscles Express Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptors. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071688. [PMID: 32674346 PMCID: PMC7407103 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abundant evidence reveals that activation of the renin-angiotensin system promotes skeletal muscle atrophy in several conditions including congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and prolonged mechanical ventilation. However, controversy exists about whether circulating angiotensin II (AngII) promotes skeletal muscle atrophy by direct or indirect effects; the centerpiece of this debate is the issue of whether skeletal muscle fibers express AngII type 1 receptors (AT1Rs). While some investigators assert that skeletal muscle expresses AT1Rs, others argue that skeletal muscle fibers do not contain AT1Rs. These discordant findings in the literature are likely the result of study design flaws and additional research using a rigorous experimental approach is required to resolve this issue. We tested the hypothesis that AT1Rs are expressed in both human and rat skeletal muscle fibers. Our premise was tested using a rigorous, multi-technique experimental design. First, we established both the location and abundance of AT1Rs on human and rat skeletal muscle fibers by means of an AngII ligand-binding assay. Second, using a new and highly selective AT1R antibody, we carried out Western blotting and determined the abundance of AT1R protein within isolated single muscle fibers from humans and rats. Finally, we confirmed the presence of AT1R mRNA in isolated single muscle fibers from rats. Our results support the hypothesis that AT1Rs are present in both human and rat skeletal muscle fibers. Moreover, our experiments provide the first evidence that AT1Rs are more abundant in fast, type II muscle fibers as compared with slow, type I fibers. Together, these discoveries provide the foundation for an improved understanding of the mechanism(s) responsible for AngII-induced skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Deminice
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA; (R.D.); (T.Y.); (M.O.); (B.N.); (S.P.)
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Londrina 860570-970, Brazil
| | - Hayden Hyatt
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA; (R.D.); (T.Y.); (M.O.); (B.N.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-352-294-1713; Fax: +1-352-392-0316
| | - Toshinori Yoshihara
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA; (R.D.); (T.Y.); (M.O.); (B.N.); (S.P.)
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Juntendo University, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Mustafa Ozdemir
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA; (R.D.); (T.Y.); (M.O.); (B.N.); (S.P.)
| | - Branden Nguyen
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA; (R.D.); (T.Y.); (M.O.); (B.N.); (S.P.)
| | - Sanford Levine
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Scott Powers
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA; (R.D.); (T.Y.); (M.O.); (B.N.); (S.P.)
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17
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Stefani GP, Nunes RB, Rossato DD, Hentschke VS, Domenico MD, Lago PD, Rhoden CR. Quantification of DNA Damage in Different Tissues in Rats with Heart Failure. Arq Bras Cardiol 2020; 114:234-242. [PMID: 32215490 PMCID: PMC7077576 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20180198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a complex syndrome which comprises structural and functional alterations in the heart in maintaining the adequate blood demand to all tissues. Few investigations sought to evaluate oxidative DNA damage in CHF. Objective To quantify the DNA damage using the comet assay in left ventricle (LV), lungs, diaphragm, gastrocnemius and soleus in rats with CHF. Methods Twelve male Wistar rats (300 to 330 g) were selected for the study: Sham (n = 6) and CHF (n = 6). The animals underwent myocardial infarction by the ligation of the left coronary artery. After six weeks, the animals were euthanized. It was performed a cell suspension of the tissues. The comet assay was performed to evaluate single and double strand breaks in DNA. Significance level (p) considered < 0.05. Results The CHF group showed higher values of left ventricle end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), pulmonary congestion, cardiac hypertrophy and lower values of maximal positive and negative derivatives of LV pressure, LV systolic pressure (p < 0.05). CHF group showed higher DNA damage (% tail DNA, tail moment and Olive tail moment) compared to Sham (p < 0.001). The tissue with the highest damage was the soleus, compared to LV and gastrocnemius in CHF group (p < 0.05). Conclusion Our results indicates that the CHF affects all tissues, both centrally and peripherically, being more affected in skeletal muscle (soleus) and is positively correlated with LV dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramiro Barcos Nunes
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil
| | | | | | - Marlise Di Domenico
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil
| | - Pedro Dal Lago
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil
| | - Cláudia Ramos Rhoden
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil
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Alves CRR, Neves WD, de Almeida NR, Eichelberger EJ, Jannig PR, Voltarelli VA, Tobias GC, Bechara LRG, de Paula Faria D, Alves MJN, Hagen L, Sharma A, Slupphaug G, Moreira JBN, Wisloff U, Hirshman MF, Negrão CE, de Castro G, Chammas R, Swoboda KJ, Ruas JL, Goodyear LJ, Brum PC. Exercise training reverses cancer-induced oxidative stress and decrease in muscle COPS2/TRIP15/ALIEN. Mol Metab 2020; 39:101012. [PMID: 32408015 PMCID: PMC7283151 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that exercise training would attenuate metabolic impairment in a model of severe cancer cachexia. METHODS We used multiple in vivo and in vitro methods to explore the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects induced by exercise training in tumor-bearing rats. RESULTS Exercise training improved running capacity, prolonged lifespan, reduced oxidative stress, and normalized muscle mass and contractile function in tumor-bearing rats. An unbiased proteomic screening revealed COP9 signalosome complex subunit 2 (COPS2) as one of the most downregulated proteins in skeletal muscle at the early stage of cancer cachexia. Exercise training normalized muscle COPS2 protein expression in tumor-bearing rats and mice. Lung cancer patients with low endurance capacity had low muscle COPS2 protein expression as compared to age-matched control subjects. To test whether decrease in COPS2 protein levels could aggravate or be an intrinsic compensatory mechanism to protect myotubes from cancer effects, we performed experiments in vitro using primary myotubes. COPS2 knockdown in human myotubes affected multiple cellular pathways, including regulation of actin cytoskeleton. Incubation of cancer-conditioned media in mouse myotubes decreased F-actin expression, which was partially restored by COPS2 knockdown. Direct repeat 4 (DR4) response elements have been shown to positively regulate gene expression. COPS2 overexpression decreased the DR4 activity in mouse myoblasts, and COPS2 knockdown inhibited the effects of cancer-conditioned media on DR4 activity. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrated that exercise training may be an important adjuvant therapy to counteract cancer cachexia and uncovered novel mechanisms involving COPS2 to regulate myotube homeostasis in cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiano R R Alves
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Willian das Neves
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo ICESP, Hospital das Clinicas HC FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ney R de Almeida
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eric J Eichelberger
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paulo R Jannig
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vanessa A Voltarelli
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel C Tobias
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz R G Bechara
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele de Paula Faria
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria J N Alves
- Heart Institute, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lars Hagen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core, PROMEC, at NTNU and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
| | - Animesh Sharma
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core, PROMEC, at NTNU and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
| | - Geir Slupphaug
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core, PROMEC, at NTNU and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway
| | - José B N Moreira
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulrik Wisloff
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Michael F Hirshman
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carlos E Negrão
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Heart Institute, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto de Castro
- Instituto do Cancer do Estado de Sao Paulo ICESP, Hospital das Clinicas HC FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kathryn J Swoboda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jorge L Ruas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patricia C Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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19
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Gomes MJ, Pagan LU, Lima ARR, Reyes DRA, Martinez PF, Damatto FC, Pontes THD, Rodrigues EA, Souza LM, Tosta IF, Fernandes AAH, Zornoff LAM, Okoshi K, Okoshi MP. Effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on cardiac remodelling and skeletal muscle oxidative stress of infarcted rats. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5352-5362. [PMID: 32239667 PMCID: PMC7205792 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the influence of aerobic and resistance exercise on cardiac remodelling, physical capacity and skeletal muscle oxidative stress in rats with MI‐induced heart failure. Three months after MI induction, Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Sham; sedentary MI (S‐MI); aerobic exercised MI (A‐MI); and resistance exercised MI (R‐MI). Exercised rats trained three times a week for 12 weeks on a treadmill or ladder. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA or Kruskal‐Wallis test. Functional aerobic capacity was greater in A‐MI and strength gain higher in R‐MI. Echocardiographic parameters did not differ between infarct groups. Reactive oxygen species production, evaluated by fluorescence, was higher in S‐MI than Sham, and lipid hydroperoxide concentration was lower in A‐MI than the other groups. Glutathione peroxidase activity was higher in A‐MI than S‐MI and R‐MI. Superoxide dismutase was lower in S‐MI than Sham and R‐MI. Gastrocnemius cross‐sectional area, satellite cell activation and expression of the ubiquitin‐proteasome system proteins did not differ between groups. In conclusion, aerobic exercise and resistance exercise improve functional capacity and maximum load carrying, respectively, without changing cardiac remodelling in infarcted rats. In the gastrocnemius, infarction increases oxidative stress and changes antioxidant enzyme activities. Aerobic exercise reduces oxidative stress and attenuates superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana J Gomes
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Luana U Pagan
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Aline R R Lima
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - David R A Reyes
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Paula F Martinez
- School of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Felipe C Damatto
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Thierres H D Pontes
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Eder A Rodrigues
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Lidiane M Souza
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ingrid F Tosta
- Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ana A H Fernandes
- Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Katashi Okoshi
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Marina P Okoshi
- Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
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NADPH Oxidase Hyperactivity Contributes to Cardiac Dysfunction and Apoptosis in Rats with Severe Experimental Pancreatitis through ROS-Mediated MAPK Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4578175. [PMID: 31210840 PMCID: PMC6532283 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4578175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase (Nox) is considered a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the heart in normal and pathological conditions. However, the role of Nox in severe acute pancreatitis- (SAP-) associated cardiac injury remains unclear. Therefore, we aim to investigate the contribution of Nox to SAP-associated cardiac injury and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Apocynin, a Nox inhibitor, was given at 20 mg/kg for 30 min before SAP induction by a retrograde pancreatic duct injection of 5% sodium taurocholate. Histopathological staining, Nox activity and protein expression, oxidative stress markers, apoptosis and associated proteins, cardiac-related enzyme indexes, and cardiac function were assessed in the myocardium in SAP rats. The redox-sensitive MAPK signaling molecules were also examined by western blotting. SAP rats exhibited significant cardiac impairment along with increased Nox activity and protein expression, ROS production, cell apoptosis, and proapoptotic Bax and cleaved caspase-3 protein levels. Notably, Nox inhibition with apocynin prevented SAP-associated cardiac injury evidenced by a decreased histopathologic score, cardiac-related enzymes, and cardiac function through the reduction of ROS production and cell apoptosis. This protective role was further confirmed by a simulation experiment in vitro. Moreover, we found that SAP-induced activation in MAPK signaling molecules in cardiomyocytes was significantly attenuated by Nox inhibition. Our data provide the first evidence that Nox hyperactivation acts as the main source of ROS production in the myocardium, increases oxidative stress, and promotes cell apoptosis via activating the MAPK pathway, which ultimately results in cardiac injury in SAP.
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21
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Fonseca GWPD, Santos MRD, Souza FRD, Costa MJAD, Haehling SV, Takayama L, Pereira RMR, Negrão CE, Anker SD, Alves MJDNN. Sympatho-Vagal Imbalance is Associated with Sarcopenia in Male Patients with Heart Failure. Arq Bras Cardiol 2019; 112:739-746. [PMID: 30970141 PMCID: PMC6636362 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20190061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resting sympathetic hyperactivity and impaired parasympathetic reactivation
after exercise have been described in patients with heart failure (HF).
However, the association of these autonomic changes in patients with HF and
sarcopenia is unknown. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of autonomic modulation on
sarcopenia in male patients with HF. Methods We enrolled 116 male patients with HF and left ventricular ejection fraction
< 40%. All patients underwent a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing.
Maximal heart rate was recorded and delta heart rate recovery (∆HRR) was
assessed at 1st and 2nd minutes after exercise. Muscle
sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) was recorded by microneurography.
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure body composition and
sarcopenia was defined by the sum of appendicular lean muscle mass (ALM)
divided by height in meters squared and handgrip strength. Results Sarcopenia was identified in 33 patients (28%). Patients with sarcopenia had
higher MSNA than those without (47 [41-52] vs. 40 [34-48] bursts/min, p =
0.028). Sarcopenic patients showed lower ∆HRR at 1st (15 [10-21]
vs. 22 [16-30] beats/min, p < 0.001) and 2nd min (25 [19-39]
vs. 35 [24-48] beats/min, p = 0.017) than non-sarcopenic. There was a
positive correlation between ALM and ∆HRR at 1st (r = 0.26, p =
0.008) and 2nd min (r = 0.25, p = 0.012). We observed a negative
correlation between ALM and MSNA (r = -0.29, p = 0.003). Conclusion Sympatho-vagal imbalance seems to be associated with sarcopenia in male
patients with HF. These results highlight the importance of a therapeutic
approach in patients with muscle wasting and increased peripheral
sympathetic outflow.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology - University of Göttingen Medical Centre, Göttingen - Germany
| | - Liliam Takayama
- Divisão de Reumatologia - Laboratório de Metabolismo Ósseo da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | - Rosa Maria R Pereira
- Divisão de Reumatologia - Laboratório de Metabolismo Ósseo da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brazil
| | | | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology - University of Göttingen Medical Centre, Göttingen - Germany
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22
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Differential regulation of cysteine oxidative post-translational modifications in high and low aerobic capacity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17772. [PMID: 30538258 PMCID: PMC6289973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the association between high aerobic capacity and the prevention of metabolic diseases, elucidating the mechanisms by which high aerobic capacity regulates whole-body metabolic homeostasis is a major research challenge. Oxidative post-translational modifications (Ox-PTMs) of proteins can regulate cellular homeostasis in skeletal and cardiac muscles, but the relationship between Ox-PTMs and intrinsic components of oxidative energy metabolism is still unclear. Here, we evaluated the Ox-PTM profile in cardiac and skeletal muscles of rats bred for low (LCR) and high (HCR) intrinsic aerobic capacity. Redox proteomics screening revealed different cysteine (Cys) Ox-PTM profile between HCR and LCR rats. HCR showed a higher number of oxidized Cys residues in skeletal muscle compared to LCR, while the opposite was observed in the heart. Most proteins with differentially oxidized Cys residues in the skeletal muscle are important regulators of oxidative metabolism. The most oxidized protein in the skeletal muscle of HCR rats was malate dehydrogenase (MDH1). HCR showed higher MDH1 activity compared to LCR in skeletal, but not cardiac muscle. These novel findings indicate a clear association between Cys Ox-PTMs and aerobic capacity, leading to novel insights into the role of Ox-PTMs as an essential signal to maintain metabolic homeostasis.
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23
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Wafi AM, Hong J, Rudebush TL, Yu L, Hackfort B, Wang H, Schultz HD, Zucker IH, Gao L. Curcumin improves exercise performance of mice with coronary artery ligation-induced HFrEF: Nrf2 and antioxidant mechanisms in skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 126:477-486. [PMID: 30462567 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00654.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of chronic heart failure (HF) with low ejection fraction (HFrEF) is exercise intolerance. We hypothesized that reduced expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in skeletal muscle contributes to impaired exercise performance. We further hypothesized that curcumin, a Nrf2 activator, would preserve or increase exercise capacity in HF. Experiments were carried out in mice with coronary artery ligation-induced HFrEF. Curcumin was deliveried by a subcutaneous osmotic minipump at a dose of 50 mg·kg-1·day-1 for 8 weeks. In vivo, in situ, and in vitro experiments were employed to evaluate exercise capacity, muscle function, and molecular mechanisms. We found that: 1) the maximal speed, running distance to exhaustion, and limb grip force were significantly lower in HFrEF mice compared with sham. Curcumin-treated HF mice displayed enhanced exercise performance compared with vehicle-treated HF mice; 2) both soleus (Sol) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of HFrEF mice exhibited reduced force and rapid fatigue, which were ameliorated by curcumin; and 3) protein expression of Nrf2, hemeoxygenase-1, SOD2, myogenin, and MyoD were significantly lower, but total ubiquitinated proteins, MURF1, and atrogen-1 were higher in Sol and EDL of HFrEF compared with sham mice, whereas these alterations in Nrf2 signaling and antioxidant defenses in HFrEF were attenuated by curcumin, which had no effect on cardiac function per se in mice with severe HFrEF. These data suggest that impaired Nrf2 signaling intrinsic to skeletal muscle contributes to exercise intolerance in HFrEF. Skeletal muscle Nrf2 should be considered as a novel therapeutic target in severe HF. NEW & NOTEWORTHY These studies suggest that impaired nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling is a critical mechanism underlying the enhanced oxidative stress in skeletal muscle in heart failure with low ejection fraction (HFrEF). Curcumin prevents the decline in running performance in HFrEF mice by upregulating antioxidant defenses in skeletal muscle, likely mediated by activating Nrf2 signaling. These findings suggest a novel therapeutic target for the improvement of exercise capacity and quality of life in HFrEF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Wafi
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Juan Hong
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Tara L Rudebush
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Bryan Hackfort
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Hanjun Wang
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Harold D Schultz
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Irving H Zucker
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Lie Gao
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
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24
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Gabriel-Costa D, Cunha TF, Paixão NA, Fortunato RS, Rego-Monteiro ICC, Barreto-Chaves MLM, Brum PC. Lactate-upregulation of lactate oxidation complex-related genes is blunted in left ventricle of myocardial infarcted rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 51:e7660. [PMID: 30304133 PMCID: PMC6172929 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20187660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lactate modulates the expression of lactate oxidation complex (LOC)-related genes and cardiac blood flow under physiological conditions, but its modulatory role remains to be elucidated regarding pathological cardiac stress. The present study evaluated the effect of lactate on LOC-related genes expression and hemodynamics of hearts submitted to myocardial infarction (MI). Four weeks after MI or sham operation, isolated hearts of male Wistar rats were perfused for 60 min with Na+-lactate (20 mM). As expected, MI reduced cardiac contractility and relaxation with no changes in perfusion. The impaired cardiac hemodynamics were associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels (Sham: 19.3±0.5 vs MI: 23.8±0.3 µM), NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity (Sham: 42.2±1.3 vs MI: 60.5±1.5 nmol·h−1·mg−1) and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (mct1) mRNA levels (Sham: 1.0±0.06 vs MI: 1.7±0.2 a.u.), but no changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, NADH oxidase (NADox), and xanthine oxidase activities. Lactate perfusion in MI hearts had no additional effect on ROS levels, NADox, and NOX activity, however, it partially reduced mct1 mRNA expression (MI-Lactate 1.3±0.08 a.u.). Interestingly, lactate significantly decreased SOD (MI-Lactate: 54.5±4.2 µmol·mg−1·min−1) and catalase (MI: 1.1±0.1 nmol·mg−1·min−1) activities in MI. Collectively, our data suggest that under pathological stress, lactate lacks its ability to modulate the expression of cardiac LOC-related genes and the perfused pressure in hearts submitted to chronic MI. Together, these data contribute to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of heart failure induced by MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gabriel-Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desempenho Humano Operacional, Universidade da Força Aérea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Departamento de Biodinâmica do Movimento do Corpo Humano, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - T F Cunha
- Departamento de Biodinâmica do Movimento do Corpo Humano, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - N A Paixão
- Departamento de Biodinâmica do Movimento do Corpo Humano, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R S Fortunato
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - I C C Rego-Monteiro
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - M L M Barreto-Chaves
- Departamento de Anatomia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - P C Brum
- Departamento de Biodinâmica do Movimento do Corpo Humano, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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25
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Deletion of NAD(P)H Oxidase 2 Prevents Angiotensin II-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3194917. [PMID: 29487866 PMCID: PMC5816890 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3194917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is induced by an imbalance between protein synthesis and degradation. Our previous studies reported that angiotensin II (AII) directly induced muscle atrophy in mice. This study investigated the role of NAD(P)H oxidase 2 (Nox2) activation by AII in the induction of skeletal muscle atrophy. For 4 weeks, either saline (vehicle: V) or AII (1000 ng kg−1 min−1) was infused into male wild-type (WT) and Nox2 knockout (KO) mice via osmotic minipumps. Experiments were performed in the following 4 groups: WT + V, KO + V, WT + AII, and KO + AII. Body weight, muscle weight, and myocyte cross-sectional area were significantly decreased in WT + AII compared to WT + V mice, and these changes were not observed in KO + AII mice. Akt phosphorylation of Ser473 and p70S6K of Thr389 was decreased, gene expression levels of MuRF-1 and atrogin-1 were increased in WT + AII compared to WT + V, and these changes were significantly attenuated in KO + AII mice. The deletion of Nox2 prevented AII-induced skeletal muscle atrophy via improving the balance between protein synthesis and degradation. Therefore, Nox2 may be a therapeutic target for AII-induced skeletal muscle atrophy.
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26
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Silva SD, Jara ZP, Peres R, Lima LS, Scavone C, Montezano AC, Touyz RM, Casarini DE, Michelini LC. Temporal changes in cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation and remodeling induced by exercise in hypertension: Role for local angiotensin II reduction. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189535. [PMID: 29232407 PMCID: PMC5726656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training reduces renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation, decreases plasma and tissue oxidative stress and inflammation in hypertension. However, the temporal nature of these phenomena in response to exercise is unknown. We sought to determine in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and age-matched WKY controls the weekly effects of training on blood pressure (BP), plasma and left ventricle (LV) Ang II and Ang-(1–7) content (HPLC), LV oxidative stress (DHE staining), gene and protein expression (qPCR and WB) of pro-inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant enzymes and their consequence on hypertension-induced cardiac remodeling. SHR and WKY were submitted to aerobic training (T) or maintained sedentary (S) for 8 weeks; measurements were made at weeks 0, 1, 2, 4 and 8. Hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy was accompanied by acute plasma Ang II increase with amplified responses during the late phase of LV hypertrophy. Similar pattern was observed for oxidative stress markers, TNF alpha and interleukin-1β, associated with cardiomyocytes’ diameter enlargement and collagen deposition. SHR-T exhibited prompt and marked decrease in LV Ang II content (T1vs T4 in WKY-T), normalized oxidative stress (T2), augmented antioxidant defense (T4) and reduced both collagen deposition and inflammatory profile (T8), without changing cardiomyocytes’ diameter and LV hypertrophy. These changes were accompanied by decreased plasma Ang II content (T2-T4) and reduced BP (T8). SHR-T and WKY-T showed parallel increases in LV and plasma Ang-(1–7) content. Our data indicate that early training-induced downregulation of LV ACE-AngII-AT1 receptor axis is a crucial mechanism to reduce oxidative/pro-inflammatory profile and improve antioxidant defense in SHR-T, showing in addition this effect precedes plasma RAS deactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastião D. Silva
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF GCRC, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Zaira P. Jara
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roseli Peres
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa S. Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristóforo Scavone
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Augusto C. Montezano
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF GCRC, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rhian M. Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF GCRC, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Dulce E. Casarini
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lisete C. Michelini
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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27
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Jia D, Cai M, Xi Y, Du S, ZhenjunTian. Interval exercise training increases LIF expression and prevents myocardial infarction-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in rats. Life Sci 2017; 193:77-86. [PMID: 29223542 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Myocardial infarction (MI) is commonly associated with body weight loss and skeletal muscle atrophy. Studies have shown that exercise training could give beneficial effects on skeletal muscle growth. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a key regulator of muscle growth and regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of interval exercise training (IET) on the expression of LIF and the MI-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. MAIN METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish the MI model by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Infarcted Rats were divided into two groups: sedentary MI group (MI) and MI with interval exercise group (ME), and compared to sham-operated group (Sham). Exercise-trained animals were subjected to eight weeks of IET. Cardiac function, collagen volume fraction, expression of LIF and its receptor LIFR, myofiber size, apoptosis and proliferation in gastrocnemius muscle were analyzed. KEY FINDINGS IET increased heart functional performance and was accompanied with reversing cardiac pathological remodeling. Moreover, IET increased the expression of LIF and LIFR, activated signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3), reduced apoptosis and promoted proliferation in gastrocnemius muscle compared with the MI group. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between skeletal muscle atrophy and LIF expression which was stimulated by IET in infarcted rats. SIGNIFICANCE IET reverses MI-induced cardiac dysfunction and skeletal muscle atrophy. In addition, IET up-regulates the expression of muscle LIF/LIFR and activates the STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Jia
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, PR China
| | - Mengxin Cai
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, PR China
| | - Yue Xi
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, PR China
| | - Shaojun Du
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - ZhenjunTian
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, PR China.
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28
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Effects of N-acetylcysteine on isolated skeletal muscle contractile properties after an acute bout of aerobic exercise. Life Sci 2017; 191:46-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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29
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das Neves W, de Oliveira LF, da Silva RP, Alves CRR, Lancha AH. Fasting: a major limitation for resistance exercise training effects in rodents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 51:e5427. [PMID: 29185588 PMCID: PMC5685054 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20175427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protocols that mimic resistance exercise training (RET) in rodents present several limitations, one of them being the electrical stimulus, which is beyond the physiological context observed in humans. Recently, our group developed a conditioning system device that does not use electric shock to stimulate rats, but includes fasting periods before each RET session. The current study was designed to test whether cumulative fasting periods have some influence on skeletal muscle mass and function. Three sets of male Wistar rats were used in the current study. The first set of rats was submitted to a RET protocol without food restriction. However, rats were not able to perform exercise properly. The second and third sets were then randomly assigned into three experimental groups: 1) untrained control rats, 2) untrained rats submitted to fasting periods, and 3) rats submitted to RET including fasting periods before each RET session. While the second set of rats performed a short RET protocol (i.e., an adaptation protocol for 3 weeks), the third set of rats performed a longer RET protocol including overload (i.e., 8 weeks). After the short-term protocol, cumulative fasting periods promoted loss of weight (P<0.001). After the longer RET protocol, no difference was observed for body mass, extensor digitorum longus (EDL) morphology or skeletal muscle function (P>0.05 for all). Despite no effects on EDL mass, soleus muscle displayed significant atrophy in the fasting experimental groups (P<0.01). Altogether, these data indicate that fasting is a major limitation for RET in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- W das Neves
- Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - L F de Oliveira
- Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R P da Silva
- Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - C R R Alves
- Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - A H Lancha
- Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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30
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Seiler M, Bowen TS, Rolim N, Dieterlen MT, Werner S, Hoshi T, Fischer T, Mangner N, Linke A, Schuler G, Halle M, Wisloff U, Adams V. Skeletal Muscle Alterations Are Exacerbated in Heart Failure With Reduced Compared With Preserved Ejection Fraction: Mediated by Circulating Cytokines? Circ Heart Fail 2017; 9:CIRCHEARTFAILURE.116.003027. [PMID: 27609832 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.116.003027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A greater understanding of the different underlying mechanisms between patients with heart failure with reduced (HFrEF) and with preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction is urgently needed to better direct future treatment. However, although skeletal muscle impairments, potentially mediated by inflammatory cytokines, are common in both HFrEF and HFpEF, the underlying cellular and molecular alterations that exist between groups are yet to be systematically evaluated. The present study, therefore, used established animal models to compare whether alterations in skeletal muscle (limb and respiratory) were different between HFrEF and HFpEF, while further characterizing inflammatory cytokines. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats were assigned to (1) HFrEF (ligation of the left coronary artery; n=8); (2) HFpEF (high-salt diet; n=10); (3) control (con: no intervention; n=7). Heart failure was confirmed by echocardiography and invasive measures. Soleus tissue in HFrEF, but not in HFpEF, showed a significant increase in markers of (1) muscle atrophy (ie, MuRF1, calpain, and ubiquitin proteasome); (2) oxidative stress (ie, higher nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase but lower antioxidative enzyme activities); (3) mitochondrial impairments (ie, a lower succinate dehydrogenase/lactate dehydrogenase ratio and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α expression). The diaphragm remained largely unaffected between groups. Plasma concentrations of circulating cytokines were significantly increased in HFrEF for tumor necrosis factor-α, whereas interleukin-1β and interleukin-12 were higher in HFpEF. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest, for the first time, that skeletal muscle alterations are exacerbated in HFrEF compared with HFpEF, which predominantly reside in limb, rather than in respiratory, muscle. This disparity may be mediated, in part, by the different circulating inflammatory cytokines that were elevated between HFpEF and HFrEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Seiler
- From the Department of Cardiology (M.S., T.S.B., S.W., T.F., N.M., A.L., G.S., V.A.) and Department of Cardiac Surgery (M.-T.D.), University of Leipzig, Heart Center, Germany; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (N.R., U.W.); Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan (T.H.); Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (M.H.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.H.)
| | - T Scott Bowen
- From the Department of Cardiology (M.S., T.S.B., S.W., T.F., N.M., A.L., G.S., V.A.) and Department of Cardiac Surgery (M.-T.D.), University of Leipzig, Heart Center, Germany; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (N.R., U.W.); Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan (T.H.); Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (M.H.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.H.)
| | - Natale Rolim
- From the Department of Cardiology (M.S., T.S.B., S.W., T.F., N.M., A.L., G.S., V.A.) and Department of Cardiac Surgery (M.-T.D.), University of Leipzig, Heart Center, Germany; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (N.R., U.W.); Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan (T.H.); Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (M.H.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.H.)
| | - Maja-Theresa Dieterlen
- From the Department of Cardiology (M.S., T.S.B., S.W., T.F., N.M., A.L., G.S., V.A.) and Department of Cardiac Surgery (M.-T.D.), University of Leipzig, Heart Center, Germany; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (N.R., U.W.); Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan (T.H.); Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (M.H.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.H.)
| | - Sarah Werner
- From the Department of Cardiology (M.S., T.S.B., S.W., T.F., N.M., A.L., G.S., V.A.) and Department of Cardiac Surgery (M.-T.D.), University of Leipzig, Heart Center, Germany; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (N.R., U.W.); Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan (T.H.); Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (M.H.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.H.)
| | - Tomoya Hoshi
- From the Department of Cardiology (M.S., T.S.B., S.W., T.F., N.M., A.L., G.S., V.A.) and Department of Cardiac Surgery (M.-T.D.), University of Leipzig, Heart Center, Germany; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (N.R., U.W.); Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan (T.H.); Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (M.H.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.H.)
| | - Tina Fischer
- From the Department of Cardiology (M.S., T.S.B., S.W., T.F., N.M., A.L., G.S., V.A.) and Department of Cardiac Surgery (M.-T.D.), University of Leipzig, Heart Center, Germany; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (N.R., U.W.); Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan (T.H.); Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (M.H.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.H.)
| | - Norman Mangner
- From the Department of Cardiology (M.S., T.S.B., S.W., T.F., N.M., A.L., G.S., V.A.) and Department of Cardiac Surgery (M.-T.D.), University of Leipzig, Heart Center, Germany; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (N.R., U.W.); Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan (T.H.); Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (M.H.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.H.)
| | - Axel Linke
- From the Department of Cardiology (M.S., T.S.B., S.W., T.F., N.M., A.L., G.S., V.A.) and Department of Cardiac Surgery (M.-T.D.), University of Leipzig, Heart Center, Germany; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (N.R., U.W.); Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan (T.H.); Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (M.H.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.H.)
| | - Gerhard Schuler
- From the Department of Cardiology (M.S., T.S.B., S.W., T.F., N.M., A.L., G.S., V.A.) and Department of Cardiac Surgery (M.-T.D.), University of Leipzig, Heart Center, Germany; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (N.R., U.W.); Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan (T.H.); Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (M.H.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.H.)
| | - Martin Halle
- From the Department of Cardiology (M.S., T.S.B., S.W., T.F., N.M., A.L., G.S., V.A.) and Department of Cardiac Surgery (M.-T.D.), University of Leipzig, Heart Center, Germany; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (N.R., U.W.); Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan (T.H.); Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (M.H.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.H.)
| | - Ulrik Wisloff
- From the Department of Cardiology (M.S., T.S.B., S.W., T.F., N.M., A.L., G.S., V.A.) and Department of Cardiac Surgery (M.-T.D.), University of Leipzig, Heart Center, Germany; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (N.R., U.W.); Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan (T.H.); Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (M.H.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.H.)
| | - Volker Adams
- From the Department of Cardiology (M.S., T.S.B., S.W., T.F., N.M., A.L., G.S., V.A.) and Department of Cardiac Surgery (M.-T.D.), University of Leipzig, Heart Center, Germany; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (N.R., U.W.); Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan (T.H.); Department of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Zentrum, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany (M.H.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (M.H.).
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Adams V, Reich B, Uhlemann M, Niebauer J. Molecular effects of exercise training in patients with cardiovascular disease: focus on skeletal muscle, endothelium, and myocardium. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H72-H88. [PMID: 28476924 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00470.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
For decades, we have known that exercise training exerts beneficial effects on the human body, and clear evidence is available that a higher fitness level is associated with a lower incidence of suffering premature cardiovascular death. Despite this knowledge, it took some time to also incorporate physical exercise training into the treatment plan for patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). In recent years, in addition to continuous exercise training, further training modalities such as high-intensity interval training and pyramid training have been introduced for coronary artery disease patients. The beneficial effect for patients with CVD is clearly documented, and during the last years, we have also started to understand the molecular mechanisms occurring in the skeletal muscle (limb muscle and diaphragm) and endothelium, two systems contributing to exercise intolerance in these patients. In the present review, we describe the effects of the different training modalities in CVD and summarize the molecular effects mainly in the skeletal muscle and cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Adams
- Clinic of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; and
| | - Bernhard Reich
- University Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Madlen Uhlemann
- Clinic of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; and
| | - Josef Niebauer
- University Institute of Sports Medicine, Prevention and Rehabilitation and Research Institute of Molecular Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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32
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Leitner LM, Wilson RJ, Yan Z, Gödecke A. Reactive Oxygen Species/Nitric Oxide Mediated Inter-Organ Communication in Skeletal Muscle Wasting Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:700-717. [PMID: 27835923 PMCID: PMC5421600 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cachexia is defined as a complex metabolic syndrome that is associated with underlying illness and a loss of muscle with or without loss of fat mass. This disease is associated with a high incidence with chronic diseases such as heart failure, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), among others. Since there is currently no effective treatment available, cachectic patients have a poor prognosis. Elucidation of the underlying mechanisms is, therefore, an important medical task. Recent Advances: There is accumulating evidence that the diseased organs such as heart, lung, kidney, or cancer tissue secrete soluble factors, including Angiotensin II, myostatin (growth differentiation factor 8 [GDF8]), GDF11, tumor growth factor beta (TGFβ), which act on skeletal muscle. There, they induce a set of genes called atrogenes, which, among others, induce the ubiquitin-proteasome system, leading to protein degradation. Moreover, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels due to modulation of NADPH oxidases (Nox) and mitochondrial function contribute to disease progression, which is characterized by loss of muscle mass, exercise resistance, and frailty. CRITICAL ISSUES Although substantial progress was achieved to elucidate the pathophysiology of cachexia, effectice therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. FUTURE DIRECTIONS With the identification of key components of the aberrant inter-organ communication leading to cachexia, studies in mice and men to inhibit ROS formation, induction of anti-oxidative superoxide dismutases, and upregulation of muscular nitric oxide (NO) formation either by pharmacological tools or by exercise are promising approaches to reduce the extent of skeletal muscle wasting. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 700-717.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia M Leitner
- 1 Institut für Herz- und Kreislaufphysiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsklinikum , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rebecca J Wilson
- 2 Department of Medicine-Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Zhen Yan
- 2 Department of Medicine-Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia.,3 Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Axel Gödecke
- 1 Institut für Herz- und Kreislaufphysiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsklinikum , Düsseldorf, Germany
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Cunha TF, Bechara LRG, Bacurau AVN, Jannig PR, Voltarelli VA, Dourado PM, Vasconcelos AR, Scavone C, Ferreira JCB, Brum PC. Exercise training decreases NADPH oxidase activity and restores skeletal muscle mass in heart failure rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 122:817-827. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00182.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that NADPH oxidase hyperactivity, NF-κB activation, and increased p38 phosphorylation lead to atrophy of glycolytic muscle in heart failure (HF). Aerobic exercise training (AET) is an efficient strategy to counteract skeletal muscle atrophy in this syndrome. Therefore, we tested whether AET would regulate muscle redox balance and protein degradation by decreasing NADPH oxidase hyperactivity and reestablishing NF-κB signaling, p38 phosphorylation, and proteasome activity in plantaris muscle of myocardial infarcted-induced HF (MI) rats. Thirty-two male Wistar rats underwent MI or fictitious surgery (SHAM) and were randomly assigned into untrained (UNT) and trained (T; 8 wk of AET on treadmill) groups. AET prevented HF signals and skeletal muscle atrophy in MI-T, which showed an improved exercise tolerance, attenuated cardiac dysfunction and increased plantaris fiber cross-sectional area. To verify the role of inflammation and redox imbalance in triggering protein degradation, circulating TNF-α levels, NADPH oxidase profile, NF-κB signaling, p38 protein levels, and proteasome activity were assessed. MI-T showed a reduced TNF-α levels, NADPH oxidase activity, and Nox2 mRNA expression toward SHAM-UNT levels. The rescue of NADPH oxidase activity induced by AET in MI rats was paralleled by reducing nuclear binding activity of the NF-κB, p38 phosphorylation, atrogin-1, mRNA levels, and 26S chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity. Taken together our data provide evidence for AET improving plantaris redox homeostasis in HF associated with a decreased NADPH oxidase, redox-sensitive proteins activation, and proteasome hyperactivity further preventing atrophy. These data reinforce the role of AET as an efficient therapy for muscle wasting in HF. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates, for the first time, the contribution of aerobic exercise training (AET) in decreasing muscle NADPH oxidase activity associated with reduced reactive oxygen species production and systemic inflammation, which diminish NF-κB overactivation, p38 phosphorylation, and ubiquitin proteasome system hyperactivity. These molecular changes counteract plantaris atrophy in trained myocardial infarction-induced heart failure rats. Our data provide new evidence into how AET may regulate protein degradation and thus prevent skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma F. Cunha
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz R. G. Bechara
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline V. N. Bacurau
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo R. Jannig
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo M. Dourado
- Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea R. Vasconcelos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Cristóforo Scavone
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | | | - Patricia C. Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kou X, Li J, Liu X, Yang X, Fan J, Chen N. Ampelopsin attenuates the atrophy of skeletal muscle from d-gal-induced aging rats through activating AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling cascade. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:311-320. [PMID: 28364603 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The atrophy of skeletal muscle is highly correlated with oxidative damage, excessive apoptosis and dysfunctional autophagy. Ampelopsin, a natural flavonoid, has multiple biological functions including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and hepatoprotective functions. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats subjected to intraperitoneal injection of d-galactose (d-gal) at the dose of 150mg/kg·d revealed an obvious atrophy of skeletal muscle with significantly reduced muscle mass/body mass ratio, cross-sectional area and fiber diameter of skeletal muscle in d-gal-induced aging rats when compared to normal control rats without d-gal administration for 6 consecutive weeks. In contrast, the combinatorial administration of d-gal at the identical dose and DHM at the dose of 100 or 200mg/kg·d could alleviate the reduction of these hallmarks associated with the atrophy of skeletal muscle. In addition, d-gal administration could result in obvious apoptosis and impaired autophagy in skeletal muscle, which could be mitigated upon DHM treatment due to its role in decreasing ubiquitin and Atrogin-1/MAFbx and up-regulating AMPK and SIRT1 signal pathways. Therefore, DHM may be a potential candidate for the prevention and treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy associated aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjuan Kou
- Wuti-Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Sport Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jie Li
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xingran Liu
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiaoqi Yang
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jingjing Fan
- Wuti-Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Sport Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Wuti-Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Sport Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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Abstract
Heart failure represents a systemic disease with profound effects on multiple peripheral tissues including skeletal muscle. Within the context of heart failure, perturbations in skeletal muscle physiology, structure, and function strongly contribute to exercise intolerance and the morbidity of this devastating disease. There is growing evidence that chronic heart failure imparts specific pathological changes within skeletal muscle beds resulting in muscle dysfunction and tissue atrophy. Mechanistically, systemic and local inflammatory responses drive critical aspects of this pathology. In this review, we will discuss pathological mechanisms that drive skeletal muscle inflammation and highlight emerging roles for distinct innate immune subsets that reside within damage muscle tissue focusing on the recently described embryonic and monocyte-derived macrophage lineages. Within this context, we will discuss how immune mechanisms can be differentially targeted to stimulate skeletal muscle inflammation, catabolism, fiber atrophy, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kory J Lavine
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8086, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Oscar L Sierra
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8086, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Loss of strength capacity is associated with mortality, but resistance exercise training promotes only modest effects during cachexia progression. Life Sci 2016; 163:11-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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FSTL1 as a Potential Mediator of Exercise-Induced Cardioprotection in Post-Myocardial Infarction Rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32424. [PMID: 27561749 PMCID: PMC5000295 DOI: 10.1038/srep32424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training has been reported to ameliorate heart dysfunction in both humans and animals after myocardial infarction (MI), but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Follistatin-like1 (FSTL1) is a cardioprotective factor against ischemic injury and is induced in cardiomyocytes and skeletal muscle in ischemic and hypoxic conditions. To test the hypothesis that FSTL1 may be a molecular link between exercise and improved heart function post MI, we subjected MI-rats, induced by left coronary artery ligation, to two modes of exercise: intermittent aerobic exercise (IAE) or mechanical vibration training (MVT), for four weeks and examined the relevance of FSTL1 to exercise-mediated cardiac effects. Exercise improved the functional performance, reduced fibrosis of MI-hearts and induced FSTL1 expression, the TGFβ-Smad2/3 signaling and angiogenesis in myocardium. In gastrocnemius, exercise increased the cross-sectional area of myocytes and FSTL1 expression. Importantly, exercise increased circulating FSTL1 levels, which were positively correlated with the skeletal muscle FSTL1 expression and negatively correlated with heart fibrosis. Overall, the IAE was more effective than that of MVT in cardioprotection. Finally, exogenous FSTL1 administration directly improved angiogenesis as well as functionality of post-MI hearts. Taken together, we have demonstrated that FSTL1 is a potential mediator of exercise-induced cardioprotection in post-MI rats.
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Zhou J, Liu B, Liang C, Li Y, Song YH. Cytokine Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Wasting. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:335-347. [PMID: 27025788 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle wasting occurs in a variety of diseases including diabetes, cancer, Crohn's disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), disuse, and denervation. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) is involved in mediating the wasting effect. To date, a causal relationship between TNF-α signaling and muscle wasting has been established in animal models. However, results from clinical trials are conflicting. This is partly due to the fact that other factors such as TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) are also involved in skeletal muscle wasting. Because muscle wasting is often associated with physical inactivity and reduced food intake, therapeutic interventions will be most effective when multiple approaches are used in conjunction with nutritional support and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, P.R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, The First Hospital of Ji Lin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, P.R. China
| | - Chun Liang
- Department of Cardiology, ChangZheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, P.R. China
| | - Yangxin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, P.R. China.
| | - Yao-Hua Song
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, P.R. China.
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Akt/mTOR pathway contributes to skeletal muscle anti-atrophic effect of aerobic exercise training in heart failure mice. Int J Cardiol 2016; 214:137-47. [PMID: 27060274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise intolerance is one of the main clinical symptoms of heart failure (HF) and is associated with skeletal muscle wasting due to an imbalance between proteolysis and protein synthesis. In this study, we tested whether aerobic exercise training (AET) would counteract skeletal muscle atrophy by activating IGF-I/Akt/mTOR pathway in HF mice. METHODS Sympathetic hyperactivity induced HF mice were assigned into 8-week moderate intensity AET. Untrained wild type and HF mice were used as control. Soleus cross sectional area was evaluated by histochemistry and motor performance by rotarod. 26S proteasome activity was assessed by fluorimetric assay, and components of IGF-I/Akt/mTOR pathway or myostatin pathway by qRT-PCR or immunoblotting. A different subset of mice was used to evaluate the relative contribution of mTOR inhibition (rapamycin) or activation (leucine) on AET-induced changes in muscle mass regulation. RESULTS AET prevented exercise intolerance and impaired motor performance in HF mice. These effects were associated with attenuation of soleus atrophy. Rapamycin treatment precluded AET effects on soleus mass in HF mice suggesting the involvement of IGF signaling pathway in this response. In fact, AET increased IGF-I Ea and IGF-I Pan mRNA levels, while it reduced myostatin and Smad2 mRNA levels in HF mice. At protein levels, AET prevented reduced expression levels of IGF-I, pAkt (at basal state), as well as, p4E-BP1 and pP70(S6K) (leucine-stimulated state) in HF mice. Additionally, AET prevented 26S proteasome hyperactivity in HF mice. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data provide evidence for AET-induced activation of IGF-I/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway counteracting HF-induced muscle wasting.
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Protective Effects of Sheng-Mai-San on Right Ventricular Dysfunction during Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:4682786. [PMID: 27073402 PMCID: PMC4814671 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4682786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and failure contribute to the increasing morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases; however, current treatment strategies are grossly inadequate. Sheng-Mai-San (SMS) has been used to treat heart diseases for hundreds of years in China, and its protective effects on RV have not been observed. The present study was to investigate the protective effects of SMS aqueous extract on RV dysfunction in chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) mice model. The results showed that CIH mice model presented RV dysfunction and maladaptive compensation after 28-day-CIH and SMS treatment significantly reversed these changes. Diastolic function of RV was restored and systolic dysfunction was attenuated, including elevation of RV stroke volume and fractional shortening, as well as pulmonary circulation. Structurally, SMS treatment inhibited RV dilation, cardiomyocytes vacuolization, ultrastructure abnormalities, and the expression of cleaved caspase-3. Of importance, SMS showed remarkable antioxidant activity by decreasing the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), increasing the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), as well as inhibiting the overexpression of 3-NT in RV. Our results indicate that SMS preserve RV structure and function in CIH-exposed mice by involving regulation in both ROS and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) production.
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Beneficial Effects of Physical Exercise on Functional Capacity and Skeletal Muscle Oxidative Stress in Rats with Aortic Stenosis-Induced Heart Failure. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:8695716. [PMID: 26904168 PMCID: PMC4745811 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8695716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective. We evaluated the influence of exercise on functional capacity, cardiac remodeling, and skeletal muscle oxidative stress, MAPK, and NF-κB pathway in rats with aortic stenosis- (AS-) induced heart failure (HF). Methods and Results. Eighteen weeks after AS induction, rats were assigned into sedentary control (C-Sed), exercised control (C-Ex), sedentary AS (AS-Sed), and exercised AS (AS-Ex) groups. Exercise was performed on treadmill for eight weeks. Statistical analyses were performed with Goodman and ANOVA or Mann-Whitney. HF features frequency and mortality did not differ between AS groups. Exercise improved functional capacity, assessed by maximal exercise test on treadmill, without changing echocardiographic parameters. Soleus cross-sectional areas did not differ between groups. Lipid hydroperoxide concentration was higher in AS-Sed than C-Sed and AS-Ex. Activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase was changed in AS-Sed and restored in AS-Ex. NADPH oxidase activity and gene expression of its subunits did not differ between AS groups. Total ROS generation was lower in AS-Ex than C-Ex. Exercise modulated MAPK in AS-Ex and did not change NF-κB pathway proteins. Conclusion. Exercise improves functional capacity in rats with AS-induced HF regardless of echocardiographic parameter changes. In soleus, exercise reduces oxidative stress, preserves antioxidant enzyme activity, and modulates MAPK expression.
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Aerobic Exercise and Pharmacological Therapies for Skeletal Myopathy in Heart Failure: Similarities and Differences. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:4374671. [PMID: 26904163 PMCID: PMC4745416 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4374671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal myopathy has been identified as a major comorbidity of heart failure (HF) affecting up to 20% of ambulatory patients leading to shortness of breath, early fatigue, and exercise intolerance. Neurohumoral blockade, through the inhibition of renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAS) and β-adrenergic receptor blockade (β-blockers), is a mandatory pharmacological therapy of HF since it reduces symptoms, mortality, and sudden death. However, the effect of these drugs on skeletal myopathy needs to be clarified, since exercise intolerance remains in HF patients optimized with β-blockers and inhibitors of RAS. Aerobic exercise training (AET) is efficient in counteracting skeletal myopathy and in improving functional capacity and quality of life. Indeed, AET has beneficial effects on failing heart itself despite being of less magnitude compared with neurohumoral blockade. In this way, AET should be implemented in the care standards, together with pharmacological therapies. Since both neurohumoral inhibition and AET have a direct and/or indirect impact on skeletal muscle, this review aims to provide an overview of the isolated effects of these therapeutic approaches in counteracting skeletal myopathy in HF. The similarities and dissimilarities of neurohumoral inhibition and AET therapies are also discussed to identify potential advantageous effects of these combined therapies for treating HF.
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Abrigo J, Morales MG, Simon F, Cabrera D, Di Capua G, Cabello-Verrugio C. Apocynin inhibits the upregulation of TGF-β1 expression and ROS production induced by TGF-β in skeletal muscle cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:885-893. [PMID: 26321737 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pure apocynin, which can be traditionally isolated and purified from several plant species such as Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth (Scrophulariaceae), acts as an inhibitor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) activity inhibiting its production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Transforming growth factor type beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a growth factor that produces inhibition of myogenesis, diminution of regeneration and induction of atrophy in skeletal muscle. The typical signalling that is activated by TGF-β involves the Smad pathway. PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of TGF-β and the effect of apocynin on TGF-β1 expression in skeletal muscle cells. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. In vitro assays were performed with C2C12 cells incubated with TGF-β1 in presence or absence of apocynin (NOX inhibitor), SB525334 (TGF-β-receptor I inhibitor), or chelerythrine (PKC inhibitor). METHODS TGF-β1 and atrogin-1 expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR and/or ELISA; Smad3 phosphorylation by western blot; Smad4 nuclear translocation by indirect immunofluorescence; and ROS levels by DCF probe fluorescent measurements. RESULTS We show that myoblasts respond to TGF-β1 by increasing its own gene expression in a time- and dose-dependent fashion which was abolished by SB525334 and siRNA for Smad2/3. TGF-β1 also induced ROS. Remarkably, apocynin inhibited the TGF-β1 induced ROS as well as the autoinduction of TGF-β1 gene expression. We also show that TGF-β-induced ROS production and TGF-β1 expression require PKC activity as indicated by the inhibition using chelerythrine. CONCLUSION These results strongly suggest that TGF-β induces its own expression through a TGF-β-receptor/Smad-dependent mechanism and apocynin is able to inhibit this process, suggesting that requires NOX-induced ROS in skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Abrigo
- Laboratorio de Biología y Fisiopatología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Gabriela Morales
- Laboratorio de Biología y Fisiopatología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Simon
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Integrativa, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Cabrera
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Universidad Bernardo O´Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriella Di Capua
- Laboratorio de Biología y Fisiopatología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Laboratorio de Biología y Fisiopatología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.
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Kinugawa S, Takada S, Matsushima S, Okita K, Tsutsui H. Skeletal Muscle Abnormalities in Heart Failure. Int Heart J 2015; 56:475-84. [PMID: 26346520 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.15-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Exercise capacity is lowered in patients with heart failure, which limits their daily activities and also reduces their quality of life. Furthermore, lowered exercise capacity has been well demonstrated to be closely related to the severity and prognosis of heart failure. Skeletal muscle abnormalities including abnormal energy metabolism, transition of myofibers from type I to type II, mitochondrial dysfunction, reduction in muscular strength, and muscle atrophy have been shown to play a central role in lowered exercise capacity. The skeletal muscle abnormalities can be classified into the following main types: 1) low endurance due to mitochondrial dysfunction; and 2) low muscle mass and muscle strength due to imbalance of protein synthesis and degradation. The molecular mechanisms of these skeletal muscle abnormalities have been studied mainly using animal models. The current review including our recent study will focus upon the skeletal muscle abnormalities in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Kinugawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
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Ono T, Takada S, Kinugawa S, Tsutsui H. Curcumin ameliorates skeletal muscle atrophy in type 1 diabetic mice by inhibiting protein ubiquitination. Exp Physiol 2015; 100:1052-63. [PMID: 25998196 DOI: 10.1113/ep085049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? We sought to examine whether curcumin could ameliorate skeletal muscle atrophy in diabetic mice by inhibiting protein ubiquitination, inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. What is the main finding and its importance? We found that curcumin ameliorated skeletal muscle atrophy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice by inhibiting protein ubiquitination without affecting protein synthesis. This favourable effect of curcumin was possibly due to the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. Curcumin may be beneficial for the treatment of muscle atrophy in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Skeletal muscle atrophy develops in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), especially in type 1 DM, which is associated with chronic inflammation. Curcumin, the active ingredient of turmeric, has various biological actions, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We hypothesized that curcumin could ameliorate skeletal muscle atrophy in mice with streptozotocin-induced type 1 DM. C57BL/6 J mice were injected with streptozotocin (200 mg kg(-1) i.p.; DM group) or vehicle (control group). Each group of mice was randomly subdivided into two groups of 10 mice each and fed a diet with or without curcumin (1500 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) for 2 weeks. There were significant decreases in body weight, skeletal muscle weight and cellular cross-sectional area of the skeletal muscle in DM mice compared with control mice, and these changes were significantly attenuated in DM+Curcumin mice without affecting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. Ubiquitination of protein was increased in skeletal muscle from DM mice and decreased in DM+Curcumin mice. Gene expressions of muscle-specific ubiquitin E3 ligase atrogin-1/MAFbx and MuRF1 were increased in DM and inhibited in DM+Curcumin mice. Moreover, nuclear factor-κB activation, concentrations of the inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β and oxidative stress were increased in the skeletal muscle from DM mice and inhibited in DM+Curcumin mice. Curcumin ameliorated skeletal muscle atrophy in DM mice by inhibiting protein ubiquitination, inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. Curcumin may be beneficial for the treatment of muscle atrophy in type 1 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Ono
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shingo Takada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kinugawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Ahn B, Beharry AW, Frye GS, Judge AR, Ferreira LF. NAD(P)H oxidase subunit p47phox is elevated, and p47phox knockout prevents diaphragm contractile dysfunction in heart failure. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015. [PMID: 26209274 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00176.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) have dyspnea and exercise intolerance, which are caused in part by diaphragm abnormalities. Oxidants impair diaphragm contractile function, and CHF increases diaphragm oxidants. However, the specific source of oxidants and its relevance to diaphragm abnormalities in CHF is unclear. The p47(phox)-dependent Nox2 isoform of NAD(P)H oxidase is a putative source of diaphragm oxidants. Thus, we conducted our study with the goal of determining the effects of CHF on the diaphragm levels of Nox2 complex subunits and test the hypothesis that p47(phox) knockout prevents diaphragm contractile dysfunction elicited by CHF. CHF caused a two- to sixfold increase (P < 0.05) in diaphragm mRNA and protein levels of several Nox2 subunits, with p47(phox) being upregulated and hyperphosphorylated. CHF increased diaphragm extracellular oxidant emission in wild-type but not p47(phox) knockout mice. Diaphragm isometric force, shortening velocity, and peak power were decreased by 20-50% in CHF wild-type mice (P < 0.05), whereas p47(phox) knockout mice were protected from impairments in diaphragm contractile function elicited by CHF. Our experiments show that p47(phox) is upregulated and involved in the increased oxidants and contractile dysfunction in CHF diaphragm. These findings suggest that a p47(phox)-dependent NAD(P)H oxidase mediates the increase in diaphragm oxidants and contractile dysfunction in CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumsoo Ahn
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Adam W Beharry
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Gregory S Frye
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Andrew R Judge
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Leonardo F Ferreira
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
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Aerobic exercise training as therapy for cardiac and cancer cachexia. Life Sci 2015; 125:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Negrao CE, Middlekauff HR, Gomes-Santos IL, Antunes-Correa LM. Effects of exercise training on neurovascular control and skeletal myopathy in systolic heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H792-802. [PMID: 25681428 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00830.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurohormonal excitation and dyspnea are the hallmarks of heart failure (HF) and have long been associated with poor prognosis in HF patients. Sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and ventilatory equivalent of carbon dioxide (VE/VO2) are elevated in moderate HF patients and increased even further in severe HF patients. The increase in SNA in HF patients is present regardless of age, sex, and etiology of systolic dysfunction. Neurohormonal activation is the major mediator of the peripheral vasoconstriction characteristic of HF patients. In addition, reduction in peripheral blood flow increases muscle inflammation, oxidative stress, and protein degradation, which is the essence of the skeletal myopathy and exercise intolerance in HF. Here we discuss the beneficial effects of exercise training on resting SNA in patients with systolic HF and its central and peripheral mechanisms of control. Furthermore, we discuss the exercise-mediated improvement in peripheral vasoconstriction in patients with HF. We will also focus on the effects of exercise training on ventilatory responses. Finally, we review the effects of exercise training on features of the skeletal myopathy in HF. In summary, exercise training plays an important role in HF, working synergistically with pharmacological therapies to ameliorate these abnormalities in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Negrao
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Holly R Middlekauff
- Departament of Medicine (Cardiology) and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Igor L Gomes-Santos
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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