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Higashiyama A, Kohsaka S, Fujiyoshi A. Primary Prevention of Coronary and Other Cardiovascular Diseases: A Focused Review. J Atheroscler Thromb 2024:RV22019. [PMID: 38825504 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv22019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2022, the Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) updated its prevention guidelines, the "Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) Guidelines for Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases 2022" (JAS2022GL), expanding its scope from coronary artery disease (CAD) to atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs), including atherothrombotic stroke. The following year, the Japanese Circulation Society (JCS) updated its guidelines for primary prevention entitled "JCS 2023 Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease" (JCS2023GL). Since those publications, scientific advancements in relevant fields have continued. This review article outlines the current recommendations provided by the guidelines, provides background information supporting these recommendations, introduces scientific findings subsequent to prior publications, and discusses future directions on select topics for the primary prevention of CVD. The topics covered in this review are traditional risk factors, including dyslipidemia and hypertension, the application of comprehensive risk stratification or risk scoring systems, patient-specific topics, salt and alcohol, and environmental factors. These topics were deliberate and selected by the authors, who were involved in the compilation of either or both JAS2022GL and JCS2023GL. This review not only emphasizes the pivotal role of continuously updated guidelines in shaping clinical practice but also stresses the urgent need for ongoing research to bridge existing knowledge and practice gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shun Kohsaka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine
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Palatini P, Faria-Neto JR, Santos RD. The clinical value of β-blockers in patients with stable angina. Curr Med Res Opin 2024; 40:33-41. [PMID: 38597064 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2024.2317443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Stable angina, one manifestation of chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), is characterised by intermittent episodes of insufficient blood supply to the myocardium, provoking symptoms of myocardial ischaemia, particularly chest pain. These attacks usually occur during exercise or stress. Anti-ischaemic drugs are the mainstay of pharmacologic management of CCS with symptoms of angina. β-blockers reduce heart rate and myocardial contractility, thus reducing myocardial oxygen consumption. These drugs have been shown to ameliorate the frequency of anginal attacks and to improve exercise capacity in these patients. Current management guidelines include β-blockers as a first-line management option for most patients with CCS and symptoms of myocardial ischaemia, alongside dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (CCB). The presence of comorbid angina and heart failure is a strong indication for starting with a β-blocker. β-blockers are also useful in the management of angina symptoms accompanied by a high heart rate, hypertension (with or without a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system [RAS] blocker or CCB), or microvascular angina (with a RAS blocker and a statin). A β-blocker is not suitable for a patient with low heart rate (<50 bpm), although use of a β-blocker may be supported by a pacemaker if the β-blocker is strongly indicated) and should be used at a low dose only in patients with low blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Palatini
- Studium Patavinum and Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jose R Faria-Neto
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Raul D Santos
- Lipid Clinic Heart Institute (Incor), University of São Paulo, Medical School Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
- Academic Research Organization Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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Yang R, Zhang X, Bai J, Wang L, Wang W, Cai J. Global, regional, and national burden of hypertensive heart disease among older adults in 204 countries and territories between 1990 and 2019: a trend analysis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:2421-2430. [PMID: 37698022 PMCID: PMC10586836 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertensive heart disease (HHD) poses a public health challenge, but data on its burden and trends among older adults are scarce. This study aimed to identify trends in the burden of HHD among older adults between 1990 and 2019 at the global, regional, and national levels. METHODS Using the Global Burden of Diseases study 2019 data, we assessed HHD prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) rates for individuals aged 60-89 years at the global, regional, and national levels and estimated their average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) between 1990 and 2019 using joinpoint regression analysis. RESULTS In 2019, there were 14.35 million HHD prevalent cases, 0.85 million deaths, and 14.56 million DALYs in older adults. Between 1990 and 2019, the prevalence of HHD increased globally {AAPC, 0.38 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.36, 0.41)} with decreases observed in mortality (AAPC, -0.83 [95% CI, -0.99, -0.66]) and the DALY rate (AAPC, -1.03 [95% CI, -1.19, -0.87]). This overall global trend pattern was essentially maintained for sex, age group, and sociodemographic index (SDI) quintile except for non-significant changes in the prevalence of HHD in those aged 70-74 years and in the middle SDI quintile. Notably, males had a higher HHD prevalence rate. However, HHD-related mortality and the DALY rate were higher in females. The middle SDI quintile experienced the largest decreases in mortality and the DALY rate, with a non-significant decline in prevalence between 1990 and 2019. There were significant discrepancies in the HHD burden and its trends across regions and countries. CONCLUSIONS In the past three decades, there has been an overall increasing trend in the prevalence of HHD among older adults worldwide despite decreasing trends in mortality and the DALY rate. Better management of hypertension, and prevention and control of HHD are needed in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jun Cai
- Hypertension Center, Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
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Govardi E, Yulianda D, Habib F, Pakpahan C. Microalbuminuria and mortality in individuals with coronary heart disease: A meta-analysis of a prospective study. Indian Heart J 2023; 75:229-235. [PMID: 37207828 PMCID: PMC10421992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Microalbuminuria has been elevated as an outcome predictor in cardiovascular medicine. However, due to the small number of studies investigating the association of microalbuminuria and mortality in the coronary heart disease (CHD) population, the prognosis value of microalbuminuria in CHD remains under debate. The objective of this meta-analysis was to investigate the relationship between microalbuminuria and mortality in individuals with CHD. METHOD A comprehensive literature search was performed using Pubmed, EuroPMC, Science Direct, and Google Scholar from 2000 to September 2022. Only prospective studies investigating microalbuminuria and mortality in CHD patients were selected. The pooled effect estimate was reported as risk ratio (RR). RESULTS 5176 patients from eight prospective observational studies were included in this meta-analysis. Individuals with CHD have a greater overall risk of all-cause mortality (ACM) [rR = 2.07 (95% CI = 1.70-2.44); p = 0.0003; I2 = 0.0%] as well as cardiovascular mortality (CVM) [rR = 3.23 (95% CI = 2.06-4.39), p < 0.0001; I2 = 0.0%]. Subgroup analysis based on follow-up duration and a subset of CHD patients were similarly associated with an increased risk of ACM. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicates that microalbuminuria is associated with a higher risk of mortality in individuals with CHD. Microalbuminuria can serve as a predictor of poor outcomes in CHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ericko Govardi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia.
| | - Dicky Yulianda
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Faisal Habib
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Cennikon Pakpahan
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Kiyoshige E, Ogata S, O'Flaherty M, Capewell S, Takegami M, Iihara K, Kypridemos C, Nishimura K. Projections of future coronary heart disease and stroke mortality in Japan until 2040: a Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2023; 31:100637. [PMID: 36879780 PMCID: PMC9985054 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background We aimed to estimate the future burden of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke mortalities by sex and all 47 prefectures of Japan until 2040 while accounting for effects of age, period, and cohort and integrating them to be at the national level to account for regional differences among prefectures. Methods We estimated future CHD and stroke mortality projections, developing Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) models in population and the number of CHD and stroke by age, sex, and all 47 prefectures observed from 1995 to 2019; then applying these to official future population estimates until 2040. The present participants were all men and women aged over 30 years and were residents of Japan. Findings In the BAPC models, the predicted number of national-level cardiovascular deaths from 2020 to 2040 would decrease (39,600 [95% credible interval: 32,200-47,900] to 36,200 [21,500-58,900] CHD deaths in men, and 27,400 [22,000-34,000] to 23,600 [12,700-43,800] in women; and 50,400 [41,900-60,200] to 40,800 [25,200-67,800] stroke deaths in men, and 52,200 [43,100-62,800] to 47,400 [26,800-87,200] in women). Interpretation After adjusting these factors, future CHD and stroke deaths will decline until 2040 at the national level and in most prefectures. Funding This research was supported by the Intramural Research Fund of Cardiovascular Diseases of the National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center (21-1-6, 21-6-8), JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP22K17821, and the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Comprehensive Research on Life-Style Related (Diseases Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Mellitus Program), Grant Number 22FA1015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Kiyoshige
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Simmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Soshiro Ogata
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Simmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Martin O'Flaherty
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, L69 3GB, Brownlow Street, Liverpool, UK
| | - Simon Capewell
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, L69 3GB, Brownlow Street, Liverpool, UK
| | - Misa Takegami
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Simmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Koji Iihara
- Director General, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chris Kypridemos
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, L69 3GB, Brownlow Street, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kunihiro Nishimura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Simmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
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Donfrancesco C, Di Lonardo A, Lo Noce C, Buttari B, Profumo E, Vespasiano F, Vannucchi S, Galletti F, Onder G, Gulizia MM, Galeone D, Bellisario P, Palmieri L. Trends of blood pressure, raised blood pressure, hypertension and its control among Italian adults: CUORE Project cross-sectional health examination surveys 1998/2008/2018. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e064270. [PMID: 36375969 PMCID: PMC9664280 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess in the Italian general adult population the trends of blood pressure (BP) and prevalence of raised BP (RBP), hypertension and its control in order to evaluate population health and care, and the achievement of an RBP 25% relative reduction as recommended by the WHO at population level. DESIGN Results comparison of health examination surveys, cross-sectional observational studies based on health examination of randomly selected age and sex stratified samples including residents aged 35-74 years. Data of the 2018/2019 survey were compared with the previous ones collected in 1998/2002 and 2008/2012. SETTING Health examination surveys conducted in Italy within the CUORE Project following standardised methodologies. PARTICIPANTS 2985 men and 2955 women examined in 1998/2002, 2218 men and 2204 women examined in 2008/2012 and 1031 men and 1066 women examined in 2018/2019. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Age-standardised mean of BP, prevalence of RBP (systolic BP and/or diastolic BP ≥140/90 mm Hg), hypertension (presenting or being treated for RBP) and its awareness and control, according to sex, age class and educational level. RESULTS In 2018/2019, a significant reduction was observed in systolic BP and diastolic BP in men (1998/2002: 136/86 mm Hg; 2008/2012: 132/84 mm Hg; and 2018/2019: 132/78 mm Hg) and women (132/82 mm Hg, 126/78 mm Hg and 122/73 mm Hg), and in the prevalence of RBP (50%, 40% and 30% in men and 39%, 25% and 16% in women) and of hypertension (54%, 49% and 44% in men and 45%, 35% and 32% in women). Trends were consistent by age and education attainment. In 2018/2019, hypertensive men and women with controlled BP were only 27% and 41%, but a significant favourable trend was observed. CONCLUSIONS Data from 2018/2019 underlined that RBP is still commonly observed in the Italian population aged 35-74 years, however, the WHO RBP target at that time may be considered met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Donfrancesco
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Di Lonardo
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lo Noce
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
| | - Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Profumo
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
| | | | - Serena Vannucchi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Galletti
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Napoli, Italy
| | - Graziano Onder
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Massimo Gulizia
- National Enterprise of National Relevance and High Specialization 'Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital', Catania, Italy
- Heart Care Foundation, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Rome, Italy
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Sugiyama T, Ikeda N, Minowa K, Nishi N. Estimation of the Effect of Salt-Intake Reduction on Cardiovascular Mortality Decline between 1950 and 2017 in Japan: A Retrospective Simulation Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183747. [PMID: 36145122 PMCID: PMC9506165 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In Japan, a decrease in cardiovascular mortality has coincided with reduced population salt intake since the 1950s. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of reduced population salt intake on the long-term trends of cardiovascular mortality. Using government statistics and epidemiological study results in people of 20–69 years old from 1950 to 2017, including the National Health and Nutrition Survey, we developed a system dynamics model of age-specific cardiovascular mortality and salt intake. We estimated the period and cohort effects on mortality and calibrated the model for the historical mortality rate. We then simulated the counterfactual scenario of no decrease in salt intake to estimate the reduction in cardiovascular deaths associated with decreased mean salt intake. Compared with the base run and calibrated to the actual data, approximately 298,000 and 118,000 excess deaths were observed in men and women, respectively, assuming no change in salt intake over the entire period. The model suggests that the decline in salt intake since the 1950s has contributed to a non-negligible reduction in cardiovascular mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Sugiyama
- Diabetes and Metabolism Information Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
- Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
- Department of Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Nayu Ikeda
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
| | - Kazuko Minowa
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
| | - Nobuo Nishi
- International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
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Tao M, Yao X, Sun S, Qin Y, Li D, Wu J, Xiong Y, Teng Z, Zeng Y, Luo Z. Correlation Analysis Between Required Surgical Indexes and Complications in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease. Front Surg 2022; 9:948666. [PMID: 35874136 PMCID: PMC9299069 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.948666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 215 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) were analyzed with SPSS. Samples of different genders showed significance in the obtuse marginal branch of the left circumflex branch × 1, the diagonal branch D1 × 1, and the ms PV representation. Patients with left circumflex branch occlusion are more male and tend to be younger. Age displayed a positive correlation with left intima-media thickness (IMT) and right IMT. This indicated that as age increases, the values of left IMT and right IMT increase. Samples of different CHD types showed significance in the obtuse marginal branch of the left circumflex branch × 1, the middle part of RCA × 1, and the middle part of the left anterior descending branch × 1.5. For non-ST-segment elevation angina pectoris with acute total vascular occlusion, the left circumflex artery is the most common, followed by the right coronary artery and anterior descending branch. Ultrasound of carotid IMT in patients with CHD can predict changes in left ventricular function, but no specific correlation between left and right common carotid IMT was found. Samples with or without the medical history of ASCVD showed significance in the branch number of coronary vessel lesions. The value of the branch number of coronary vessel lesions in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) was higher than in those without ASCVD. The occurrence of complication is significantly relative with the distance of left circumflex branch × 1, the middle segment of left anterior descending branch × 1.5, and the distance of left anterior descending branch × 1. For patients without complications, the values in the distal left circumflex branch × 1, the middle left anterior descending branch × 1.5, and the distal left anterior descending branch × 1 were higher than those for patients with complications. The VTE scores showed a positive correlation with the proximal part of RCA × 1, the branch number of coronary vessel lesions, the posterior descending branch of left circumflex branch × 1, the distal part of left circumflex branch × 1, and the middle part of left anterior descending branch × 1.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyi Tao
- Department of Nursing, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoling Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The first-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Shengli Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
- Correspondence: Shengli Sun Yuelan Qin Dandan Li
| | - Yuelan Qin
- Department of Nursing, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
- Correspondence: Shengli Sun Yuelan Qin Dandan Li
| | - Dandan Li
- The Third Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center of Heart Failure of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Correspondence: Shengli Sun Yuelan Qin Dandan Li
| | - Juan Wu
- The Third Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Yican Xiong
- Department of Nursing, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Zhiyu Teng
- Department of Nursing, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Yunfei Zeng
- Department of Nursing, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Zuoheng Luo
- Department of Nursing, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
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CUTLER DAVIDM, GHOSH KAUSHIK, MESSER KASSANDRAL, RAGHUNATHAN TRIVELLORE, ROSEN ALLISONB, STEWART SUSANT. A Satellite Account for Health in the United States. THE AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW 2022; 112:494-533. [PMID: 35529584 PMCID: PMC9070842 DOI: 10.1257/aer.20201480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper develops a satellite account for the US health sector and measures productivity growth in health care for the elderly population between 1999 and 2012. We measure the change in medical spending and health outcomes for a comprehensive set of 80 conditions. Medical care has positive productivity growth over the time period, with aggregate productivity growth of 1.5% per year. However, there is significant heterogeneity in productivity growth. Care for cardiovascular disease has had very high productivity growth. In contrast, care for people with musculoskeletal conditions has been costly but has not led to improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- DAVID M. CUTLER
- Harvard University and NBER, 1805 Cambridge Street, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - KAUSHIK GHOSH
- National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138
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Ahmadi M, Lanphear B. The impact of clinical and population strategies on coronary heart disease mortality: an assessment of Rose's big idea. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:14. [PMID: 34991551 PMCID: PMC8734316 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease (CHD), the leading cause of death worldwide, has declined in many affluent countries but it continues to rise in industrializing countries. OBJECTIVE To quantify the relative contribution of the clinical and population strategies to the decline in CHD mortality in affluent countries. DESIGN Meta-analysis of cross-sectional and prospective studies. DATA SOURCES PubMed and Web of Science from January 1, 1970 to December 31, 2019. METHOD We combined and analyzed data from 22 cross-sectional and prospective studies, representing 500 million people, to quantify the relative decline in CHD mortality attributable to the clinical strategy and population strategy. RESULT The population strategy accounted for 48% (range = 19 to 73%) of the decline in CHD deaths and the clinical strategy accounted for 42% (range = 25 to 56%), with moderate inconsistency of results across studies. CONCLUSION Since 1970, a larger fraction of the decline in CHD deaths in industrialized countries was attributable to reduction in CHD risk factors than medical care. Population strategies, which are more cost-effective than clinical strategies, are under-utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Ahmadi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Bruce Lanphear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada.
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11
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Ohtera S, Kato G, Ueshima H, Mori Y, Nakatani Y, Ozasa N, Nakayama T, Kuroda T. A nationwide survey on participation in cardiac rehabilitation among patients with coronary heart disease using health claims data in Japan. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20096. [PMID: 34635704 PMCID: PMC8505519 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor implementation and variable quality of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) for coronary heart disease (CHD) have been a global concern. This nationwide study aimed to clarify the implementation of and participation in CR among CHD patients and associated factors in Japan. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data extracted from the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan. Patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in 2017-2018 were included. Aspects of CR were assessed in terms of (1) participation in exercise-based CR, (2) pharmacological education, and (3) nutritional education. Of 87,829 eligible patients, 32% had participated in exercise-based CR, with a mean program length of 40 ± 71 days. CABG was associated with higher CR participation compared to PCI (OR 10.2, 95% CI 9.6-10.8). Patients living in the Kyushu region were more likely to participate in CR (OR 2.59, 95% CI 2.39-2.81). Among patients who participated in CR, 92% received pharmacological education, whereas only 67% received nutritional education. In Japan, the implementation of CR for CHD is insufficient and involved varying personal, therapeutic, and geographical factors. CR implementation needs to be promoted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shosuke Ohtera
- Division of Medical Information Technology and Administration Planning, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Center for Outcomes Research and Economic Evaluation for Health, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0197, Japan
| | - Genta Kato
- Solutions Center for Health Insurance Claims, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Ueshima
- Division of Medical Information Technology and Administration Planning, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yukiko Mori
- Division of Medical Information Technology and Administration Planning, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakatani
- Department of Health Informatics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Neiko Ozasa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takeo Nakayama
- Department of Health Informatics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kuroda
- Division of Medical Information Technology and Administration Planning, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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12
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Ogata S, Marume K, Nakai M, Kaichi R, Ishii M, Ikebe S, Mori T, Komaki S, Kusaka H, Toida R, Kurogi K, Iwanaga Y, Yano T, Yamamoto N, Miyamoto Y. Incidence Rate of Acute Coronary Syndrome Including Acute Myocardial Infarction, Unstable Angina, and Sudden Cardiac Death in Nobeoka City for the Super-Aged Society of Japan. Circ J 2021; 85:1722-1730. [PMID: 34121054 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-20-1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to calculate incidence rates (IR) of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), unstable angina (UAP), and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in Nobeoka city, Japan.Methods and Results:This was an observational study based on a city-wide comprehensive registration between 2015 and 2017 in Nobeoka city, Japan, using 2 databases: all patients with cardiogenic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Nobeoka city and hospitalized ACS patients from Miyazaki Prefectural Nobeoka Hospital in which all ACS patients in Nobeoka city were hospitalized except for possible rare cases of patients highly unlikely to be hospitalized elsewhere. The IRs of ACS based on the population size of Nobeoka city (125,000 persons), and their age-adjusted IRs by using the direct method and the 2015 model population of Japan were calculated. There were 260 eligible patients hospitalized with first-onset ACS (age [SD]=71.1 [12.4], 34.2% women) and 107 eligible SCD patients. Crude IRs of hospitalized ACS and SCD patients, and hospitalized AMI and SCD patients, respectively, were 130.2 (183.3 for men, 85.6 for women) and 107.5 (148.4 for men, 73.2 for women) per 100,000. Crude IRs of hospitalized ACS, AMI, and UAP patients, respectively, were 92.3 (132.8 for men, 58.1 for women), 69.6 (97.9 for men, 45.7 for women), and 22.7 (35.0 for men, 12.4 for women) per 100,000. CONCLUSIONS The calculated IRs can be useful in building a health strategy for treating ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soshiro Ogata
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Kyohei Marume
- Miyazaki Prefectural Nobeoka Hospital.,Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck
| | - Michikazu Nakai
- Center for Cerebral and Cardiovascular Disease Information, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | | | | | - Sou Ikebe
- Miyazaki Prefectural Nobeoka Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yoshitaka Iwanaga
- Center for Cerebral and Cardiovascular Disease Information, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | | | | | - Yoshihiro Miyamoto
- Center for Cerebral and Cardiovascular Disease Information, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
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13
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Aminorroaya A, Yoosefi M, Rezaei N, Shabani M, Mohammadi E, Fattahi N, Azadnajafabad S, Nasserinejad M, Rezaei N, Naderimagham S, Ahmadi N, Ebrahimi H, Mirbolouk M, Blaha MJ, Larijani B, Farzadfar F. Global, regional, and national quality of care of ischaemic heart disease from 1990 to 2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021; 29:371-379. [PMID: 34041535 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS By 2030, we seek to reduce premature deaths from non-communicable diseases, including ischaemic heart disease (IHD), by one-third to reach the sustainable development goal (SDG) target 3.4. We aimed to investigate the quality of care of IHD across countries, genders, age groups, and time using the Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD) 2017 estimates. METHODS AND RESULTS We did a principal component analysis on IHD mortality to incidence ratio, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) to prevalence ratio, and years of life lost to years lived with disability ratio using the results of the GBD 2017. The first principal component was scaled from 0 to 100 and designated as the quality of care index (QCI). We evaluated gender inequity by the gender disparity ratio (GDR), defined as female to male QCI. From 1990 to 2017, the QCI and GDR increased from 71.2 to 76.4 and from 1.04 to 1.08, respectively, worldwide. In the study period, countries of Western Europe, Scandinavia, and Australasia had the highest QCIs and a GDR of 1 to 1.2; however, African and South Asian countries had the lowest QCIs and a GDR of 0.8 to 1. Moreover, the young population experienced more significant improvements in the QCI compared to the elderly in 2017. CONCLUSION From 1990 to 2017, the QCI of IHD has improved; nonetheless, there are remarkable disparities between countries, genders, and age groups that should be addressed. These findings may guide policymakers in monitoring and modifying our path to achieve SDGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Aminorroaya
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 10, Al-e-Ahmad and Chamran Highway Intersection, Tehran 1411713137, Iran
- Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Yoosefi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 10, Al-e-Ahmad and Chamran Highway Intersection, Tehran 1411713137, Iran
| | - Negar Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 10, Al-e-Ahmad and Chamran Highway Intersection, Tehran 1411713137, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsima Shabani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Esmaeil Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 10, Al-e-Ahmad and Chamran Highway Intersection, Tehran 1411713137, Iran
| | - Nima Fattahi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 10, Al-e-Ahmad and Chamran Highway Intersection, Tehran 1411713137, Iran
| | - Sina Azadnajafabad
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 10, Al-e-Ahmad and Chamran Highway Intersection, Tehran 1411713137, Iran
| | - Maryam Nasserinejad
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazila Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 10, Al-e-Ahmad and Chamran Highway Intersection, Tehran 1411713137, Iran
| | - Shohreh Naderimagham
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 10, Al-e-Ahmad and Chamran Highway Intersection, Tehran 1411713137, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Ahmadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 10, Al-e-Ahmad and Chamran Highway Intersection, Tehran 1411713137, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hooman Ebrahimi
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadhassan Mirbolouk
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael J Blaha
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 10, Al-e-Ahmad and Chamran Highway Intersection, Tehran 1411713137, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sata M, Okamura T, Harada S, Sugiyama D, Kuwabara K, Hirata A, Takeuchi A, Iida M, Kato S, Matsumoto M, Kurihara A, Takebayashi T. Association of the Estimated Coronary Artery Incidence Risk According to the Japan Atherosclerosis Society Guidelines 2017 with Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index. J Atheroscler Thromb 2021; 28:1266-1274. [PMID: 33678765 PMCID: PMC8629702 DOI: 10.5551/jat.58719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims:
The categories in the comprehensive lipid and risk management guidelines were proposed by the Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS Guidelines 2017), which adopted the estimated 10 year absolute risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) incidence in the Suita score. We examined whether those categories were concordant with the degree of arterial stiffness.
Methods:
In 2014, the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), an arterial stiffness parameter, was measured in 1,972 Japanese participants aged 35–74 years in Tsuruoka City, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. We examined the mean CAVI and the proportion and odds ratios (ORs) of CAVI ≥ 9.0 on the basis of the following three management classifications using the analysis of variance and logistic regression: “Category I (Low risk),” “Category II (Middle risk),” and “Category III (High risk).”
Results:
The mean CAVI and proportion of CAVI ≥ 9.0 were 8.6 and 34.8% among males and 8.1 and 18.3% among females, respectively. The mean CAVI and proportion of CAVI ≥ 9.0 were associated with an estimated 10 year absolute risk for CAD among males and females, excluding High risk for females. These results were similar to the management classification by the guideline: the multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% confidence intervals) of CAVI ≥ 9.0 among Category II and Category III compared with those among Category I were 2.96 (1.61–5.43) and 7.33 (4.03–13.3) for males and 3.99 (2.55–6.24) and 3.34 (2.16–5.16) for females, respectively.
Conclusions:
The risk stratification, which was proposed in the JAS Guidelines 2017, is concordant with the arterial stiffness parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Sata
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Sei Harada
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Daisuke Sugiyama
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Kazuyo Kuwabara
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Aya Hirata
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Ayano Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Miho Iida
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Suzuka Kato
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Minako Matsumoto
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Ayako Kurihara
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Toru Takebayashi
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
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15
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Ralapanawa U, Sivakanesan R. Epidemiology and the Magnitude of Coronary Artery Disease and Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Narrative Review. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2021; 11:169-177. [PMID: 33605111 PMCID: PMC8242111 DOI: 10.2991/jegh.k.201217.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the foremost single cause of mortality and loss of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) globally. A large percentage of this burden is found in low and middle income countries. This accounts for nearly 7 million deaths and 129 million DALYs annually and is a huge global economic burden. OBJECTIVE To review epidemiological data of coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome in low, middle and high income countries. METHODS Keyword searches of Medline, ISI, IBSS and Google Scholar databases. Manual search of other relevant journals and reference lists of primary articles. RESULTS Review of the results of studies reveals the absolute global and regional trends of the CAD and the importance and contribution of CAD for global health. Data demonstrates which region or countries have the highest and lowest age-standardized DALY rates and what factors might explain these patterns. Results also show differences among the determinants of CAD, government policies, clinical practice and public health measures across the various regions of world. CONCLUSION CAD mortality and prevalence vary among countries. Estimation of the true prevalence of CAD in the population is complex. A significant number of countries have not provided data, the estimation of the exact figures for epidemiological data is a barrier. The incidence of CAD continues to fall in developed countries over the last few decades and this may be due to both effective treatment of the acute phase and improved primary and secondary preventive measures. Developing countries show considerable variability in the incidence of CAD. The globalization of the Western diet and increased sedentary lifestyle will have a dramatic influence on the progressive increase in the incidence of CAD in these countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Ralapanawa
- Department of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - R Sivakanesan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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16
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Arroyo-Quiroz C, O’Flaherty M, Guzman-Castillo M, Capewell S, Chuquiure-Valenzuela E, Jerjes-Sanchez C, Barrientos-Gutierrez T. Explaining the increment in coronary heart disease mortality in Mexico between 2000 and 2012. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242930. [PMID: 33270684 PMCID: PMC7714134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mexico is still in the growing phase of the epidemic of coronary heart disease (CHD), with mortality increasing by 48% since 1980. However, no studies have analyzed the drivers of these trends. We aimed to model CHD deaths between 2000 and 2012 in Mexico and to quantify the proportion of the mortality change attributable to advances in medical treatments and to changes in population-wide cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis using the previously validated IMPACT model to explain observed changes in CHD mortality in Mexican adults. The model integrates nationwide data at two-time points (2000 and 2012) to quantify the effects on CHD mortality attributable to changes in risk factors and therapeutic trends. RESULTS From 2000 to 2012, CHD mortality rates increased by 33.8% in men and by 22.8% in women. The IMPACT model explained 71% of the CHD mortality increase. Most of the mortality increases could be attributed to increases in population risk factors, such as diabetes (43%), physical inactivity (28%) and total cholesterol (24%). Improvements in medical and surgical treatments together prevented or postponed 40.3% of deaths; 10% was attributable to improvements in secondary prevention treatments following MI, while 5.3% to community heart failure treatments. CONCLUSIONS CHD mortality in Mexico is increasing due to adverse trends in major risk factors and suboptimal use of CHD treatments. Population-level interventions to reduce CHD risk factors are urgently needed, along with increased access and equitable distribution of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Arroyo-Quiroz
- Center for Research on Population Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana- Unidad Lerma, Lerma de Villada, Mexico
| | - Martin O’Flaherty
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Guzman-Castillo
- Population Research Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simon Capewell
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Carlos Jerjes-Sanchez
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto Tecnológico de Monterrey, Instituto de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, TecSalud, Monterrey, Mexico
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17
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Trends in Incidence and Case Fatality Rates of Heart Disease and Its Subtypes in Korea, 2006-2015. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228451. [PMID: 33203087 PMCID: PMC7696411 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Heart disease (HD) is the second leading cause of death in Korea. Several studies in Korea have analyzed the trends of incidence and mortality of myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemic heart disease (IHD), but few have investigated incidence and mortality trends of HD and its subtypes. The aim of this study was to assess the national trends in incidence and case fatality rates of overall HD and its subtypes (including IHD, heart failure (HF), arrhythmia, hypertensive HD (HHD), valvular HD, pulmonary HD, and others) in Korea between 2006 and 2015. Using records from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) claims database (2003–2015) and by obtaining the causes of death (Korean Statistical Information Service, 2006–2017), we analyzed the crude and age-standardized incidence rates from 2006 to 2015 and the case fatality rates from 2006 to 2017 of HD and its subtypes. Between 2006 and 2015, the incidence of overall HD changed minimally, but the age-standardized incidence of HD decreased from 210.0 persons per 100,000 populations in 2006 to 161.3 persons in 2015. However, incidence rates have increased in arrhythmia, HD other, pulmonary HD, and the case fatality rates have increased in HF, valvular HD, and HD other. Therefore, it is essential to continuously monitor the incidence and case fatality rates of HD and its subtypes and expand the focus onto prevention and treatment strategies from MI or IHD to various HD subtypes. Active prevention and management are needed to alleviate the burden of HD due to an aging population in Korea.
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18
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Buxbaum JD, Chernew ME, Fendrick AM, Cutler DM. Contributions Of Public Health, Pharmaceuticals, And Other Medical Care To US Life Expectancy Changes, 1990-2015. Health Aff (Millwood) 2020; 39:1546-1556. [PMID: 32897792 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2020.00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Life expectancy in the US increased 3.3 years between 1990 and 2015, but the drivers of this increase are not well understood. We used vital statistics data and cause-deletion analysis to identify the conditions most responsible for changing life expectancy and quantified how public health, pharmaceuticals, other (nonpharmaceutical) medical care, and other/unknown factors contributed to the improvement. We found that twelve conditions most responsible for changing life expectancy explained 2.9 years of net improvement (85 percent of the total). Ischemic heart disease was the largest positive contributor to life expectancy, and accidental poisoning or drug overdose was the largest negative contributor. Forty-four percent of improved life expectancy was attributable to public health, 35 percent was attributable to pharmaceuticals, 13 percent was attributable to other medical care, and -7 percent was attributable to other/unknown factors. Our findings emphasize the crucial role of public health advances, as well as pharmaceutical innovation, in explaining improving life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Buxbaum
- Jason D. Buxbaum is a student in the Program in Health Policy at Harvard University, in Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Michael E Chernew
- Michael E. Chernew is the Leonard D. Schaeffer Professor of Health Care Policy and director of the Healthcare Markets and Regulation (HMR) Lab in the Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, in Boston, Massachusetts
| | - A Mark Fendrick
- A. Mark Fendrick is a professor in the Department of Internal Medicine and director of the Center for Value-Based Insurance Design at the University of Michigan, in Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David M Cutler
- David M. Cutler is the Otto Eckstein Professor of Applied Economics in the Department of Economics at Harvard University and a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research, in Cambridge, Massachusetts
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19
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Watanabe T, Sugiyama T, Takahashi H, Noguchi H, Tamiya N. Concordance of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia in married couples: cross-sectional study using nationwide survey data in Japan. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036281. [PMID: 32723739 PMCID: PMC7389765 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Because married couples have many environmental influences in common, spouses may develop similar diseases. This study aimed to determine the concordance of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia, which are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease, among married couples in Japan. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of married couples who were both aged ≥40 years using the 2016 Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions, which is a Japanese national survey. We first determined the proportions of wives and husbands who were receiving therapy for each of the diseases of interest. We then conducted logistic regression analyses using the wives undergoing therapy for each disease as outcomes and the husbands undergoing therapy for the same disease as the principal exposure, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS The subjects of the analyses were 86 941 married couples. The wives of male patients were significantly more likely to be receiving therapy for the same disease. Logistic regression revealed that when husbands were undergoing therapy for these diseases their wives had ORs (95% CIs) of 1.79 (1.72-1.86) for hypertension, 1.45 (1.34-1.58) for diabetes, 2.58 (2.41-2.75) for dyslipidaemia and 1.87 (1.80-1.93) for any of these diseases. CONCLUSIONS If men have hypertension, diabetes or dyslipidaemia, their wives were also more susceptible to the same disease. Medical professionals and couples may need to recognise these results and consider couple-based interventions to help the prevention, early detection and treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeko Watanabe
- Department of Health Services Research, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takehiro Sugiyama
- Department of Health Services Research, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Diabetes and Metabolism Information Center, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideto Takahashi
- Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- National Institute of Public Health, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Haruko Noguchi
- Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Faculty of Political Science and Economics, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nanako Tamiya
- Department of Health Services Research, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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20
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Marasigan V, Perry I, Bennett K, Balanda K, Capewell S, O' Flaherty M, Kabir Z. Explaining the fall in Coronary Heart Disease mortality in the Republic of Ireland between 2000 and 2015 - IMPACT modelling study. Int J Cardiol 2020; 310:159-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Okui T. Age-period-cohort Analysis of Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Japan, 1995-2018. J Prev Med Public Health 2020; 53:198-204. [PMID: 32498145 PMCID: PMC7280805 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.20.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to analyze the mortality of heart disease (HD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), and cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) through an age-period-cohort (APC) analysis. METHODS We used data on mortality due to cardiovascular disease from 1995 to 2018 in Japan, as determined by Vital Statistics. Age groups from 0 years to 99 years were defined by 5-year increments, and cohorts were defined for each age group of each year with a 1-year shift. We used Bayesian APC analysis to decompose the changes in the diseases' mortality rates into age, period, and cohort effects. RESULTS The period effects for all diseases decreased during the analyzed periods for both men and women. The cohort effects for men increased substantially in cohorts born from around 1940 to the 1970s for all types of cardiovascular diseases. The cohort effects of HD decreased in the cohorts born in the 1970s or later for both men and women. Regarding IHD and CeVD, either a non-increase or decrease of cohort effects was confirmed for cohorts born in the 1970s or later for men, but the effects for women showed a continuously increasing trend in the cohorts born in the 1960s or later. CONCLUSIONS The cohort effects for IHD and CeVD showed increasing trends in younger generations of women. This suggests that preventive approaches against cardiovascular diseases are needed, particularly for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Okui
- Medical Information Center, Kyusyu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
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22
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Binns C, Yun Low W. How Should We Approach Cardiovascular Disease in Asia: Public Health Perspectives? Asia Pac J Public Health 2019; 31:481-484. [DOI: 10.1177/1010539519872565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin Binns
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wah Yun Low
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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23
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Grau M. Lipid parameter thresholds: The debate continues. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019; 26:1493-1495. [PMID: 31177834 DOI: 10.1177/2047487319848182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Grau
- 1 Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Genetics, IMIM Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,2 Consortium for Biomedical Research in Cardiovascular Diseases, Barcelona, Spain.,3 University of Barcelona, Spain
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