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Wang R, Jia S, Chen H, Luo K, Zhang L, Song Y, Qing C, Liu D, Zhou H. Antiplatelet drug ticagrelor suppresses triple negative breast cancer metastasis by targeting PI3K. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 226:116408. [PMID: 38969297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Metastatic recurrence is still a major challenge in breast cancer treatment. Patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) develop early recurrence and relapse more frequently. Due to the lack of specific therapeutic targets, new targeted therapies for TNBC are urgently needed. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is one of the active pathways involved in chemoresistance and survival of TNBC, being considered as a potential target for TNBC treatment. Our present study identified ticagrelor, an anti-platelet drug, as a pan-PI3K inhibitor with potent inhibitory activity against four isoforms of class I PI3K. At doses normally used in clinic, ticagrelor showed weak cytotoxicity against a panel of breast cancer cells, but significantly inhibited the migration, invasion and the actin cytoskeleton organization of human TNBC MDA-MB-231 and SUM-159PT cells. Mechanistically, ticagrelor effectively inhibited PI3K downstream mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2 signaling by targeting PI3K and decreased the protein expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. In vivo, ticagrelor significantly suppressed tumor cells lung metastasis in 4T1 tumor bearing BALB/c mice model and experimental lung metastasis model which was established by tail vein injection of GFP-labeled MDA-MB-231 cells. The above data demonstrated that ticagrelor can inhibit the migration and invasion of TNBC both in vitro and in vivo by targeting PI3K, suggesting that ticagrelor, a pan-PI3K inhibitor, might represent a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of metastatic TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Shutao Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Kaitao Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Limei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Chen Qing
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China; Yunnan College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China; Yunnan College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China; Yunnan College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
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Le Belle JE, Condro M, Cepeda C, Oikonomou KD, Tessema K, Dudley L, Schoenfield J, Kawaguchi R, Geschwind D, Silva AJ, Zhang Z, Shokat K, Harris NG, Kornblum HI. Acute rapamycin treatment reveals novel mechanisms of behavioral, physiological, and functional dysfunction in a maternal inflammation mouse model of autism and sensory over-responsivity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.08.602602. [PMID: 39026891 PMCID: PMC11257517 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.08.602602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Maternal inflammatory response (MIR) during early gestation in mice induces a cascade of physiological and behavioral changes that have been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In a prior study and the current one, we find that mild MIR results in chronic systemic and neuro-inflammation, mTOR pathway activation, mild brain overgrowth followed by regionally specific volumetric changes, sensory processing dysregulation, and social and repetitive behavior abnormalities. Prior studies of rapamycin treatment in autism models have focused on chronic treatments that might be expected to alter or prevent physical brain changes. Here, we have focused on the acute effects of rapamycin to uncover novel mechanisms of dysfunction and related to mTOR pathway signaling. We find that within 2 hours, rapamycin treatment could rapidly rescue neuronal hyper-excitability, seizure susceptibility, functional network connectivity and brain community structure, and repetitive behaviors and sensory over-responsivity in adult offspring with persistent brain overgrowth. These CNS-mediated effects are also associated with alteration of the expression of several ASD-,ion channel-, and epilepsy-associated genes, in the same time frame. Our findings suggest that mTOR dysregulation in MIR offspring is a key contributor to various levels of brain dysfunction, including neuronal excitability, altered gene expression in multiple cell types, sensory functional network connectivity, and modulation of information flow. However, we demonstrate that the adult MIR brain is also amenable to rapid normalization of these functional changes which results in the rescue of both core and comorbid ASD behaviors in adult animals without requiring long-term physical alterations to the brain. Thus, restoring excitatory/inhibitory imbalance and sensory functional network modularity may be important targets for therapeutically addressing both primary sensory and social behavior phenotypes, and compensatory repetitive behavior phenotypes.
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Kang WC, Lee YS, Park K, Kong CH, Jeon M, Kim MS, Jung SY, Choi JH, Ryu JH. Paeonol alleviates postmenopause-induced neuropsychiatric symptoms through the modulation of GPR30 in ovariectomized mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 327:118063. [PMID: 38493906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Moutan cortex (MC), the root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa Anderws (Paeoniaceae), has been historically employed in traditional herbal medicine for addressing women's ailments by replenishing kidney Yin. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to explore if paeonol, an active constituent of MC, could ameliorate neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairments, associated with post-menopausal syndrome (PMS) in an ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experimental design comprised 6 groups, including a sham group, OVX group, paeonol administration groups (3, 10 or 30 mg/kg, p.o.), and an estradiol (E2)-treated positive control group. Behavioral tests including the open field, novel object recognition, Y-maze, elevated plus-maze, splash, and forced swimming tests were conducted. In addition, we investigated the effets of paeonol on the phosphorylated levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), as well as on the expression levels of G protein-coupled receptor (GPR30) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. RESULTS Paeonol treatment (10 and 30 mg/kg, p.o.) effectively reversed the cognitive decline in OVX mice, measured by the novel object recognition and Y-maze tests, similar to that in the positive control group. Additionally, it alleviated anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors, as evaluated by the elevated plus-maze test, splash test, and forced swimming test. Paeonol restored GPR30 expression levels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, mirroring the effects of E2 administration. Furthermore, it reversed the reduced expression levels of the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus and increased BDNF expression in the hippocampus of OVX mice. CONCLUSION This research suggests that paeonol would be beneficial for alleviating PMS-associated cognitive impairment, anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Chang Kang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seung Lee
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Keontae Park
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyeon Kong
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijin Jeon
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seo Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yun Jung
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hye Choi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Yadollahi-Farsani Y, Vanani VR, Lorigooini Z, Farahzad A, Amini-Khoei H. Anethole via increase in the gene expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR mitigates the autistic-like behaviors induced by maternal separation stress in mice. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:1-7. [PMID: 38145174 PMCID: PMC10733685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodegenerative disease with increasing incidence in the world. The maternal separation (MS) stress at early life with its own neuroendocrine and neurostructural changes can provide the basis for development of ASD. Previously it has been reported neuroprotective characteristics for anethole. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway has pivotal role in the function of central nervous system (CNS). This study aimed to evaluate the possible effects of anethole on the autistic-like behaviors in the maternally separated (MS) mice focusing on the potential role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Forty male Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice were assigned to five groups (n = 8) comprising a control group (treated with normal saline) and four groups subjected to MS and treated with normal saline and or anethole at doses of 31.25, 62.5 and 125 mg/kg, respectively. All gents were administrated via intraperitoneal (i.p.) route for 14 constant days. Behavioral tests were conducted, including the three-chamber test, shuttle box and resident-intruder test. The gene expression of the PI3K, AKT and mTOR assessed in the hippocampus by qRT-PCR. Findings indicated that MS is associated with autistic-like behaviors. Anethole increased the sociability and social preference indexes in the three-chamber test, increased duration of secondary latency in the shuttle box test and decreased aggressive behaviors in the resident-intruder test. Also, anethole increased the gene expression of PI3K, AKT and mTOR in the hippocampus of MS mice. We concluded that anethole through increase in the gene expression of PI3K/ AKT/mTOR mitigated autistic-like behaviors induced by MS in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Yadollahi-Farsani
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Vahid Reisi Vanani
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Lorigooini
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Anahita Farahzad
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hossein Amini-Khoei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Buonfiglioli A, Kübler R, Missall R, De Jong R, Chan S, Haage V, Wendt S, Lin AJ, Mattei D, Graziani M, Latour B, Gigase F, Nygaard HB, De Jager PL, De Witte LD. A microglia-containing cerebral organoid model to study early life immune challenges. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.24.595814. [PMID: 38826204 PMCID: PMC11142229 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.24.595814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal infections and activation of the maternal immune system have been proposed to contribute to causing neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), chronic conditions often linked to brain abnormalities. Microglia are the resident immune cells of the brain and play a key role in neurodevelopment. Disruption of microglial functions can lead to brain abnormalities and increase the risk of developing NDDs. How the maternal as well as the fetal immune system affect human neurodevelopment and contribute to NDDs remains unclear. An important reason for this knowledge gap is the fact that the impact of exposure to prenatal risk factors has been challenging to study in the human context. Here, we characterized a model of cerebral organoids (CO) with integrated microglia (COiMg). These organoids express typical microglial markers and respond to inflammatory stimuli. The presence of microglia influences cerebral organoid development, including cell density and neural differentiation, and regulates the expression of several ciliated mesenchymal cell markers. Moreover, COiMg and organoids without microglia show similar but also distinct responses to inflammatory stimuli. Additionally, IFN-γ induced significant transcriptional and structural changes in the cerebral organoids, that appear to be regulated by the presence of microglia. Specifically, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) was found to alter the expression of genes linked to autism. This model provides a valuable tool to study how inflammatory perturbations and microglial presence affect neurodevelopmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Buonfiglioli
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Raphael Kübler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience & Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roy Missall
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Renske De Jong
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Stephanie Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Verena Haage
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefan Wendt
- Department of Psychiatry, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ada J. Lin
- Division of Neurology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Daniele Mattei
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience & Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mara Graziani
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Brooke Latour
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frederieke Gigase
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Haakon B. Nygaard
- Division of Neurology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lot D. De Witte
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud UMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Tian Y, Qiao H, Zhu LQ, Man HY. Sexually dimorphic phenotypes and the role of androgen receptors in UBE3A-dependent autism spectrum disorder. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.02.592248. [PMID: 38746146 PMCID: PMC11092617 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.02.592248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are characterized by social, communication, and behavioral challenges. UBE3A is one of the most common ASD genes. ASDs display a remarkable sex difference with a 4:1 male to female prevalence ratio; however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Using the UBE3A-overexpressing mouse model for ASD, we studied sex differences at behavioral, genetic, and molecular levels. We found that male mice with extra copies of Ube3A exhibited greater impairments in social interaction, repetitive self-grooming behavior, memory, and pain sensitivity, whereas female mice with UBE3A overexpression displayed greater olfactory defects. Social communication was impaired in both sexes, with males making more calls and females preferring complex syllables. At the molecular level, androgen receptor (AR) levels were reduced in both sexes due to enhanced degradation mediated by UBE3A. However, AR reduction significantly dysregulated AR target genes only in male, not female, UBE3A-overexpressing mice. Importantly, restoring AR levels in the brain effectively normalized the expression of AR target genes, and rescued the deficits in social preference, grooming behavior, and memory in male UBE3A-overexpressing mice, without affecting females. These findings suggest that AR and its signaling cascade play an essential role in mediating the sexually dimorphic changes in UBE3A-dependent ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hui Qiao
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Heng-Ye Man
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord St., Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, Boston University, 610 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Li H, Wang X, Hu C, Cui J, Li H, Luo X, Hao Y. IL-6 Enhances the Activation of PI3K-AKT/mTOR-GSK-3β by Upregulating GRPR in Hippocampal Neurons of Autistic Mice. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2024; 19:12. [PMID: 38536552 PMCID: PMC10972920 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-024-10111-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder associated with brain inflammation. The underlying mechanisms could be attributed to the activation of PI3K signaling in the inflamed brain of ASD. Multiple studies highlight the role of GRPR in regulating ASD like abnormal behavior and enhancing the PI3K signaling. However, the molecular mechanism by which GRPR regulates PI3K signaling in neurons of individuals with ASD is still unclear. In this study, we utilized a maternal immune activation model to investigate the effects of GRPR on PI3K signaling in the inflamed brain of ASD mice. We used HT22 cells with and without GRPR to examine the impact of GRP-GRPR on the PI3K-AKT pathway with IL-6 treatment. We analyzed a dataset of hippocampus samples from ASD mice to identify hub genes. Our results demonstrated increased expression of IL-6, GRPR, and PI3K-AKT signaling in the hippocampus of ASD mice. Additionally, we observed increased GRPR expression and PI3K-AKT/mTOR activation in HT22 cells after IL-6 treatment, but decreased expression in HT22 cells with GRPR knockdown. NetworkAnalyst identified GSK-3β as the most crucial gene in the PI3K-AKT/mTOR pathway in the hippocampus of ASD. Furthermore, we found that IL-6 upregulated the expression of GSK-3β in HT22 cells by upregulating GRP-GRPR. Our findings suggest that IL-6 can enhance the activation of PI3K-AKT/mTOR-GSK-3β in hippocampal neurons of ASD mice by upregulating GRPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Li
- Division of Child Healthcare, Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- Division of Child Healthcare, Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Cong Hu
- Division of Child Healthcare, Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jinru Cui
- Division of Child Healthcare, Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hao Li
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaoping Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yan Hao
- Division of Child Healthcare, Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Zhang Q, Wang Y, Tao J, Xia R, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Cheng J. Sex-biased single-cell genetic landscape in mice with autism spectrum disorder. J Genet Genomics 2024; 51:338-351. [PMID: 37703921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) is a male-biased, heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder that affects approximately 1%-2% of the population. Prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) is a recognized risk factor for ASD, but the cellular and molecular basis of VPA-induced ASD at the single-cell resolution is unclear. Here, we aim to compare the cellular and molecular differences in the hippocampus between male and female prenatal mice with ASD at the single-cell transcriptomic level. The transcriptomes of more than 45,000 cells are assigned to 12 major cell types, including neurons, glial cells, vascular cells, and immune cells. Cell type-specific genes with altered expression after prenatal VPA exposure are analyzed, and the largest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are found in neurons, choroid plexus epithelial cells, and microglia. In microglia, several pathways related to inflammation are found in both males and females, including the tumor necrosis factor (TNF), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), toll-like receptor (TLR), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, which are important for the induction of autistic-like behavior. Additionally, we note that several X-linked genes, including Bex1, Bex3, and Gria3, were among the male-specific DEGs of neurons. This pioneering study describes the landscape of the transcriptome in the hippocampus of autistic mice. The elucidation of sexual differences could provide innovative strategies for the prevention and treatment of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Jie Tao
- Department of Neurology and Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Ruixue Xia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan 475099, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng, Henan 475099, China
| | - Zhirui Liu
- Department of Neurology and Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Jiwei Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China.
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Iannuccelli M, Vitriolo A, Licata L, Lo Surdo P, Contino S, Cheroni C, Capocefalo D, Castagnoli L, Testa G, Cesareni G, Perfetto L. Curation of causal interactions mediated by genes associated with autism accelerates the understanding of gene-phenotype relationships underlying neurodevelopmental disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:186-196. [PMID: 38102483 PMCID: PMC11078740 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02317-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) comprises a large group of neurodevelopmental conditions featuring, over a wide range of severity and combinations, a core set of manifestations (restricted sociality, stereotyped behavior and language impairment) alongside various comorbidities. Common and rare variants in several hundreds of genes and regulatory regions have been implicated in the molecular pathogenesis of ASD along a range of causation evidence strength. Despite significant progress in elucidating the impact of few paradigmatic individual loci, such sheer complexity in the genetic architecture underlying ASD as a whole has hampered the identification of convergent actionable hubs hypothesized to relay between the vastness of risk alleles and the core phenotypes. In turn this has limited the development of strategies that can revert or ameliorate this condition, calling for a systems-level approach to probe the cross-talk of cooperating genes in terms of causal interaction networks in order to make convergences experimentally tractable and reveal their clinical actionability. As a first step in this direction, we have captured from the scientific literature information on the causal links between the genes whose variants have been associated with ASD and the whole human proteome. This information has been annotated in a computer readable format in the SIGNOR database and is made freely available in the resource website. To link this information to cell functions and phenotypes, we have developed graph algorithms that estimate the functional distance of any protein in the SIGNOR causal interactome to phenotypes and pathways. The main novelty of our approach resides in the possibility to explore the mechanistic links connecting the suggested gene-phenotype relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Iannuccelli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vitriolo
- Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1, 20157, Milan, Italy
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Santa Sofia 9, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Luana Licata
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Computational Biology Research Centre, Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Prisca Lo Surdo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Computational Biology Research Centre, Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Contino
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Cheroni
- Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1, 20157, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Santa Sofia 9, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Capocefalo
- Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1, 20157, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Santa Sofia 9, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Castagnoli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Testa
- Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1, 20157, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via Santa Sofia 9, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Gianni Cesareni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Livia Perfetto
- Computational Biology Research Centre, Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1, 20157, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies 'Charles Darwin', Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Mehmetbeyoglu E, Duman A, Taheri S, Ozkul Y, Rassoulzadegan M. From Data to Insights: Machine Learning Empowers Prognostic Biomarker Prediction in Autism. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1713. [PMID: 38138941 PMCID: PMC10744627 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13121713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) poses significant challenges to society and science due to its impact on communication, social interaction, and repetitive behavior patterns in affected children. The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network continuously monitors ASD prevalence and characteristics. In 2020, ASD prevalence was estimated at 1 in 36 children, with higher rates than previous estimates. This study focuses on ongoing ASD research conducted by Erciyes University. Serum samples from 45 ASD patients and 21 unrelated control participants were analyzed to assess the expression of 372 microRNAs (miRNAs). Six miRNAs (miR-19a-3p, miR-361-5p, miR-3613-3p, miR-150-5p, miR-126-3p, and miR-499a-5p) exhibited significant downregulation in all ASD patients compared to healthy controls. The current study endeavors to identify dependable diagnostic biomarkers for ASD, addressing the pressing need for non-invasive, accurate, and cost-effective diagnostic tools, as current methods are subjective and time-intensive. A pivotal discovery in this study is the potential diagnostic value of miR-126-3p, offering the promise of earlier and more accurate ASD diagnoses, potentially leading to improved intervention outcomes. Leveraging machine learning, such as the K-nearest neighbors (KNN) model, presents a promising avenue for precise ASD diagnosis using miRNA biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecmel Mehmetbeyoglu
- Department of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; (S.T.); (Y.O.); (M.R.)
| | - Abdulkerim Duman
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK;
| | - Serpil Taheri
- Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; (S.T.); (Y.O.); (M.R.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ozkul
- Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; (S.T.); (Y.O.); (M.R.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
| | - Minoo Rassoulzadegan
- Betul-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey; (S.T.); (Y.O.); (M.R.)
- Inserm-CNRS, Université Côte d’Azur, 06107 Nice, France
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11
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Ahmed S, Abir AH, Sharmin O, Khurshid N, Akter A, Nakshy NT, Hasan MM, Yesmine S, Rahman M. Modulation of PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling cascade through G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) activation: Prenatal lysophosphatidylinositol attenuates valproic acid-induced synaptic abnormalities and mitochondrial dysfunction. Life Sci 2023; 334:122195. [PMID: 37866808 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Dysregulation of PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling has been implicated in various neurological disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) has recently emerged as a potential regulator of this signaling cascade. This study explores the intricate modulation of the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling cascade via GPR55 activation and its potential therapeutic implications in the context of autism-associated neuronal impairments. MAIN METHODS Valproic acid (VPA) was administered on embryonic day 12 (E12) to induce ASD, and lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), a GPR55 agonist, was used prenatally to modulate the receptor activity. Golgi-cox staining was performed to observe neuronal morphology, and Hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining was carried out to quantify damaged neurons. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was implemented to identify molecular mediators involved in neuroprotection. KEY FINDINGS Prenatal VPA exposure resulted in significant abnormalities in synaptic development, which were further evidenced by impairments in social interaction and cognitive function. When LPI was administered, most of the synaptic abnormalities were alleviated, as reflected by higher neuron and dendritic spine count. LPI treatment also reduced cytoplasmic cytochrome c concentration and related neuronal cell death. Mechanistically, GPR55 activation by LPI increases the expression of phospho-Akt and phospho-GSK3β, leading to the activation of this signaling in the process of rescuing synaptic abnormalities and mitochondria-mediated neuronal apoptosis. SIGNIFICANCE The observed therapeutic effects of GPR55 activation shed light on its significance as a prospective target for ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction and dendritic spine loss, offering novel prospects for developing targeted interventions to alleviate the neuropathological causes of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamim Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Ariful Haque Abir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Universität Klinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center, Glückstraße 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ozayra Sharmin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neda Khurshid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Amana Akter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Nafisa Tajneen Nakshy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacy, University of Information Technology and Sciences, Baridhara, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Saquiba Yesmine
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh.
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Abstract
Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the methyl-CpG binding protein-2 (MeCP2) gene that is characterized by epilepsy, intellectual disability, autistic features, speech deficits, and sleep and breathing abnormalities. Neurologically, patients with all three disorders display microcephaly, aberrant dendritic morphology, reduced spine density, and an imbalance of excitatory/inhibitory signaling. Loss-of-function mutations in the cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) and FOXG1 genes also cause similar behavioral and neurobiological defects and were referred to as congenital or variant Rett syndrome. The relatively recent realization that CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD), FOXG1 syndrome, and Rett syndrome are distinct neurodevelopmental disorders with some distinctive features have resulted in separate focus being placed on each disorder with the assumption that distinct molecular mechanisms underlie their pathogenesis. However, given that many of the core symptoms and neurological features are shared, it is likely that the disorders share some critical molecular underpinnings. This review discusses the possibility that deregulation of common molecules in neurons and astrocytes plays a central role in key behavioral and neurological abnormalities in all three disorders. These include KCC2, a chloride transporter, vGlut1, a vesicular glutamate transporter, GluD1, an orphan-glutamate receptor subunit, and PSD-95, a postsynaptic scaffolding protein. We propose that reduced expression or activity of KCC2, vGlut1, PSD-95, and AKT, along with increased expression of GluD1, is involved in the excitatory/inhibitory that represents a key aspect in all three disorders. In addition, astrocyte-derived brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and inflammatory cytokines likely affect the expression and functioning of these molecules resulting in disease-associated abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh R D’Mello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71104, USA
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Zhang L, Wang J, Cai G, Ma L, Zhao Z, Ma Q, Deng X. Imprinted Dlk1-Gtl2 cluster miRNAs are potential epigenetic regulators of lamb fur quality. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:632. [PMID: 37872623 PMCID: PMC10594899 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09741-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tan and Hu sheep are well-known local breeds in China, producing lamb fur with unique ornamental and practical values highly appreciated by consumers worldwide. Fur quality is optimal at one month of age and gradually declines with time. Despite active research on its genetic mechanism using transcriptomic and whole genome bisulfite sequencing analysis, the main effective gene locus has not been found, and its regulatory mechanism is still unclear, which limits the breeding and improvement of fur traits. RESULTS Scapular skin samples from newborn (1-month old) and adult (24-month old) Tan sheep were utilized for small ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that the newborn and adult groups were completely separated. Differential expression analysis of micro-RNAs (miRNAs) identified 32 up-regulated miRNAs and 48 down-regulated miRNAs in the newborn groups. All up-regulated miRNAs were located in the imprinted. Dlk1-Gtl2 locus on chromosome 18, whereas all down-regulated miRNAs were distributed across the sheep chromosomes, without a clear pattern of positional consistency. Further, by systematically analyzing the target genes and signaling pathways of all 32 up-regulated miRNAs, we found that the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway has the potential to be targeted and regulated by most of the miRNAs in the Dlk1-Gtl2 region. In addition, we also re-analyzed miRNA sequencing data from public databases on Hu lambs (full sibling Hu lambs with high- and low-quality fur characteristics). Again, it was found that most of the up-regulated miRNAs in lambs with high-quality fur were also located in the Dlk1-Gtl2 region, whereas this patter was not present for down-regulated miRNAs. CONCLUSION Sequencing of miRNAs in conjunction with public databases was employed to identify miRNAs within the imprinted Dlk1-Gtl2 region on chromosome 18, suggesting their potential roles as epigenetic regulators of fur traits. Small RNAs located at the Dlk1-Gtl2 locus were identified as having the potential to systematically regulate the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, thereby indicating the relevance of the Dlk1-Gtl2/PI3K-AKT axis in the context of fur traits. Selection of parental specific expressed imprinted genes in the process of conserving and exploiting lamb fur traits should be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letian Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement & Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiankui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement & Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ganxian Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement & Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 750002, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhao
- Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 750002, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qing Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 750002, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xuemei Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement & Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Huang B, Shi M, Pang A, Tan B, Xie S. Effects of Fishmeal Replacement by Clostridium Autoethanogenum Protein Meal on Cholesterol Bile Acid Metabolism, Antioxidant Capacity, Hepatic and Intestinal Health of Pearl Gentian Grouper ( Epinephelus Fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus Lanceolatus ♂). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061090. [PMID: 36978631 PMCID: PMC10044235 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present data from an eight-week growth trial with pearl gentian grouper fed either a reference diet (FM) with a fishmeal level of 50%, or test diet wherein 15% (CAP15), 30% (CAP30), 45% (CAP45), and 60% (CAP60) fishmeal was replaced by Clostridium autoethanogenum protein meal (CAP). Results showed that the weight gain and daily feed intake ratio of CAP60 were significantly lower than the FM group. In the serum, compared to the FM group, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), the activities of alanine aminotransferase in CAP60 and CAP45 groups, and acid phosphatase in the CAP60 group were significantly higher, while the content of total cholesterol in CAP60 and CAP45 groups was significantly lower. In the liver, compared to the control group, the content of MDA in the CAP60 group was significantly higher. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in CAP30 to CAP60 groups and farnesoid X receptor in CAP60 were significantly upregulated. In distal intestines, the activities of trypsin and superoxide dismutase of CAP30 to CAP60 groups were significantly lower than the FM group. In conclusion, for pearl gentian grouper, CAP could replace up to 45% of the fishmeal in the feed, while a 60% replacement level will affect cholesterol bile acid metabolism and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bocheng Huang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Menglin Shi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Aobo Pang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Shiwei Xie
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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15
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Thomas SD, Jha NK, Ojha S, Sadek B. mTOR Signaling Disruption and Its Association with the Development of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041889. [PMID: 36838876 PMCID: PMC9964164 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication along with repetitive stereotypic behaviors. Currently, there are no specific biomarkers for diagnostic screening or treatments available for autistic patients. Numerous genetic disorders are associated with high prevalence of ASD, including tuberous sclerosis complex, phosphatase and tensin homolog, and fragile X syndrome. Preclinical investigations in animal models of these diseases have revealed irregularities in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway as well as ASD-related behavioral defects. Reversal of the downstream molecular irregularities, associated with mTOR hyperactivation, improved the behavioral deficits observed in the preclinical investigations. Plant bioactive molecules have shown beneficial pre-clinical evidence in ASD treatment by modulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. In this review, we summarize the involvement of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway as well as the genetic alterations of the pathway components and its critical impact on the development of the autism spectrum disorder. Mutations in negative regulators of mTORC1, such as TSC1, TSC2, and PTEN, result in ASD-like phenotypes through the disruption of the mTORC1-mediated signaling. We further discuss the various naturally occurring phytoconstituents that have been identified to be bioactive and modulate the pathway to prevent its disruption and contribute to beneficial therapeutic effects in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilu Deepa Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India
- School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
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Alibek K, Niyazmetova L, Farmer S, Isakov T. Persistent Inflammation Initiated by TORCH Infections and Dysbiotic Microbiome in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Prospect for Future Interventions. RESEARCH IDEAS AND OUTCOMES 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/rio.8.e91179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a range of neurodevelopmental conditions that are clinically present early in childhood with the symptoms of social withdrawal and repetitive behavior. Despite an extensive research on ASD, no commonly accepted theory on the disease etiology exists. Hence, we reviewed several scientific publications, including reviews, preclinical and clinical investigations, and published hypotheses to analyze various opinions on the nature and cause of the disorder. Many studies suggest that infections and inflammation during pregnancy play a significant role in genetic and epigenetic changes in the developing fetus, resulting in an autistic phenotype in a child. Still, there is a lack of comprehensive literature about the multitude of autism inducing factors. Therefore, this article reviews and discusses available scientific evidence on the roles of viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections, overactivation of the immune system, and intestinal microflora in the pathogenesis and clinical manifestation of ASD. The overview of the scientific publications, including our own studies, suggests that TORCH infections, imbalanced microbiome, and persistent inflammation are significantly associated with the disruption of the social domain in ASD children. The ASD-related changes begin prenatally as maternal-to-fetal immune activation triggered by infection. It results in continuous low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress in a fetus, causing germline and somatic genetic changes in the developing brain and the establishment of the dysregulated immune system. These changes and dysregulations result in central and peripheral nervous systems dysfunctions as well as other comorbid conditions found in autistic children.
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17
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Csillag A, Ádám Á, Zachar G. Avian models for brain mechanisms underlying altered social behavior in autism. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1032046. [PMID: 36388132 PMCID: PMC9650632 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1032046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The current review is an update on experimental approaches in which birds serve as model species for the investigation of typical failure symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The discussion is focused on deficiencies of social behavior, from social interactions of domestic chicks, based on visual and auditory cues, to vocal communication in songbirds. Two groups of pathogenetic/risk factors are discussed: 1) non-genetic (environmental/epigenetic) factors, exemplified by embryonic exposure to valproic acid (VPA), and 2) genetic factors, represented by a list of candidate genes and signaling pathways of diagnostic or predictive value in ASD patients. Given the similarities of birds as experimental models to humans (visual orientation, vocal learning, social cohesions), avian models usefully contribute toward the elucidation of the neural systems and developmental factors underlying ASD, improving the applicability of preclinical results obtained on laboratory rodents. Furthermore, they may predict potential susceptibility factors worthy of investigation (both by animal studies and by monitoring human babies at risk), with potential therapeutic consequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Csillag
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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18
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Caldwell ALM, Sancho L, Deng J, Bosworth A, Miglietta A, Diedrich JK, Shokhirev MN, Allen NJ. Aberrant astrocyte protein secretion contributes to altered neuronal development in multiple models of neurodevelopmental disorders. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:1163-1178. [PMID: 36042312 PMCID: PMC10395413 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes negatively impact neuronal development in many models of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs); however, how they do this, and if mechanisms are shared across disorders, is not known. In this study, we developed a cell culture system to ask how astrocyte protein secretion and gene expression change in three mouse models of genetic NDs (Rett, Fragile X and Down syndromes). ND astrocytes increase release of Igfbp2, a secreted inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor (IGF). IGF rescues neuronal deficits in many NDs, and we found that blocking Igfbp2 partially rescues inhibitory effects of Rett syndrome astrocytes, suggesting that increased astrocyte Igfbp2 contributes to decreased IGF signaling in NDs. We identified that increased BMP signaling is upstream of protein secretion changes, including Igfbp2, and blocking BMP signaling in Fragile X and Rett syndrome astrocytes reverses inhibitory effects on neurite outgrowth. This work provides a resource of astrocyte-secreted proteins in health and ND models and identifies novel targets for intervention in diverse NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L M Caldwell
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laura Sancho
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James Deng
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Bosworth
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Audrey Miglietta
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jolene K Diedrich
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maxim N Shokhirev
- Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicola J Allen
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Sharma A, Bhalla S, Mehan S. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling inhibitor chrysophanol ameliorates neurobehavioural and neurochemical defects in propionic acid-induced experimental model of autism in adult rats. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1909-1929. [PMID: 35687217 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder marked by social and communication deficits as well as repetitive behaviour. Several studies have found that overactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathways during brain development plays a significant role in autism pathogenesis. Overexpression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway causes neurological disorders by increasing cell death, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Chrysophanol, also known as chrysophanic acid, is a naturally occurring chemical obtained from the plant Rheum palmatum. This study aimed to examine the neuroprotective effect of CPH on neurobehavioral, molecular, neurochemical, and gross pathological alterations in ICV-PPA induced experimental model of autism in adult rats. The effects of ICV-PPA on PI3K/AKT/mTOR downregulation in the brain were studied in autism-like rats. Furthermore, we investigated how CPH affected myelin basic protein (MBP) levels in rat brain homogenate and apoptotic biomarkers such as caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 levels in rat brain homogenate and blood plasma samples. Rats were tested for behavioural abnormalities such as neuromuscular dysfunction using an actophotometer, motor coordination using a beam crossing task (BCT), depressive behaviour using a forced swim test (FST), cognitive deficiency, and memory consolidation using a Morris water maze (MWM) task. In PPA-treated rats, prolonged oral CPH administration from day 12 to day 44 of the experimental schedule reduces autistic-like symptoms. Furthermore, in rat brain homogenates, blood plasma, and CSF samples, cellular, molecular, and cell death markers, neuroinflammatory cytokines, neurotransmitter levels, and oxidative stress indicators were investigated. The recent findings imply that CPH also restores abnormal neurochemical levels and may prevent autism-like gross pathological alterations, such as demyelination volume, in the rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Sharma
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Sonalika Bhalla
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
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20
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Analysis of Insulin-like growth factor-1 serum levels and promoter (rs12579108) polymorphism in the children with autism spectrum disorders. J Clin Neurosci 2022; 99:289-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2022.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Wang B, Qin Y, Wu Q, Li X, Xie D, Zhao Z, Duan S. mTOR Signaling Pathway Regulates the Release of Proinflammatory Molecule CCL5 Implicated in the Pathogenesis of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Immunol 2022; 13:818518. [PMID: 35422816 PMCID: PMC9002353 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.818518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex pervasive neurodevelopmental disorder and neuroinflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of ASD. However, the exact mechanisms of abnormal release of proinflammatory mediators in ASD remain poorly understood. This study reports elevated plasma levels of the proinflammatory chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) in children with ASD, suggesting an aberrant inflammatory response appearing in the development of ASD. Mining of the expression data of brain or blood tissue from individuals with ASD reveals that mTOR signaling is aberrantly activated in ASD patients. Our in vitro study shows that suppression of mTOR reduces the gene expression and release of CCL5 from human microglia, supporting that CCL5 expression is regulated by mTOR activity. Furthermore, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced CCL5 expression can be counteracted by siRNA against NF-κB, suggests a determining role of NF-κB in upregulating CCL5 expression. However, a direct regulatory relationship between the NF-κB element and the mTOR signaling pathway was not observed in rapamycin-treated cells. Our results show that the phosphorylated CREB can be induced to suppress CCL5 expression by outcompeting NF-κB in binding to CREB-binding protein (CREBBP) once the mTOR signaling pathway is inhibited. We propose that the activation of mTOR signaling in ASD may induce the suppression of phosphorylation of CREB, which in turn results in the increased binding of CREBBP to NF-κB, a competitor of phosphorylated CREB to drive expression of CCL5. Our study sheds new light on the inflammatory mechanisms of ASD and paves the way for the development of therapeutic strategy for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojiang Wang
- Institute of Maternal and Child Medicine, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Shenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yueyuan Qin
- Institute of Maternal and Child Medicine, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qunyan Wu
- Institute of Maternal and Child Medicine, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Li
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Shenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongying Xie
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhongying Zhao
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shan Duan
- Institute of Maternal and Child Medicine, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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22
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Wang L, Chen J, Hu Y, Liao A, Zheng W, Wang X, Lan J, Shen J, Wang S, Yang F, Wang Y, Li Y, Chen D. Progranulin improves neural development via the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway in the cerebellum of a VPA-induced rat model of ASD. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:114. [PMID: 35318322 PMCID: PMC8941112 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01875-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease featuring social interaction deficits and repetitive/stereotyped behaviours; the prevalence of this disorder has continuously increased. Progranulin (PGRN) is a neurotrophic factor that promotes neuronal survival and differentiation. However, there have not been sufficient studies investigating its effect in animal models of autism. This study investigated the effects of PGRN on autistic phenotypes in rats treated with valproic acid (VPA) and assessed the underlying molecular mechanisms. PGRN was significantly downregulated in the cerebellum at postnatal day 14 (PND14) and PND35 in VPA-exposed rats, which simultaneously showed defective social preference, increased repetitive behaviours, and uncoordinated movements. When human recombinant PGRN (r-PGRN) was injected into the cerebellum of newborn ASD model rats (PND10 and PND17), some of the behavioural defects were alleviated. r-PGRN supplementation also reduced cerebellar neuronal apoptosis and rescued synapse formation in ASD rats. Mechanistically, we confirmed that PGRN protects neurodevelopment via the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway in the cerebellum of a rat ASD model. Moreover, we found that prosaposin (PSAP) promoted the internalisation and neurotrophic activity of PGRN. These results experimentally demonstrate the therapeutic effects of PGRN on a rat model of ASD for the first time and provide a novel therapeutic strategy for autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jianhui Chen
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuling Hu
- Qujiang No. 2 Middle School, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Ailing Liao
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wenxia Zheng
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Junying Lan
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Jingjing Shen
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shali Wang
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yingbo Li
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Di Chen
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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23
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Dong T, Fu Z, Wang X. Treating Thyroid Associated Ophthalmopathy in Pediatric Patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:900204. [PMID: 35837312 PMCID: PMC9273847 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.900204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a common extra-thyroid clinical manifestation of Graves' disease. It is an inflammatory disease of the eye and orbital tissues. Up to one-third of pediatric Graves' disease patients could be diagnosed with TAO. The symptoms can be variable with remissions and exacerbations of pediatric Graves' disease, which has negative effects on the quality of life in children. Teprotumumab is a fully human IgG1κ type monoclonal antibody targeting insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), and was approved for the treatment of TAO as a "breakthrough therapy" by the FDA in 2020. Nevertheless, the safety and effectiveness have not been established in pediatric patients. IGF-1R plays an important role in human development, which raises concerns of developmental toxicity. As presented in the pharmacology review report, juvenile monkeys were tested in two separate repeated-dose toxicity studies and no NOAEL was identified. Teprotumumab affected the growth, thymus, spleen and decreased the bone growth. Younger animals seemed to be more sensitive to the effects on normal growth and normal thymus. Hearing impairment posed additional risk to the potential pediatric use, especially for school-age children. Considering the nature of the target, Teprotumumab should not be used empirically in children. More efforts would be made for the further development of teprotumumab for pediatric use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Dong
- TriApex Laboratories Co., Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Zhujun Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xu Wang,
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24
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Maternal Swimming Exercise During Pregnancy Improves Memory Through Enhancing Neurogenesis and Suppressing Apoptosis via Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Autistic Mice. Int Neurourol J 2021; 25:S63-71. [PMID: 34844388 PMCID: PMC8654312 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2142338.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Wnt pathway is closely related to neurodevelopmental process associated with cognitive function. After administration of valproic acid to the pregnant mice, the effect of swimming exercise of pregnant mice on the memory, neuronal production, and apoptosis of pups was studied in relation with Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Methods On day 12 of pregnancy, mice were injected subcutaneously with 400-mg/kg valproic acid. The pregnant mice in the control with swimming exercise group and in the valproic acid injection with swimming exercise group were allowed for swimming for 30 minutes one time per a day, repeated 5 days per a week, during 3 weeks. Step-through avoidance task and Morris water maze task for memory function, immunohistochemistry for 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells and western blot for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Wnt, β-catenin, Bcl-2 related X protein (Bax), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), cleaved caspase-3 were carried out. Results Maternal swimming exercise during pregnancy improved memory function, increased BDNF expression, and neuronal proliferation in the valproic acid injected pups. Maternal swimming exercise during pregnancy suppressed Wnt expression and phosphorylation of β-catenin in the valproic acid injected pups. Maternal swimming exercise inhibited Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression and increased Bcl-2 expression in the valproic acid injected pups. Conclusions Maternal swimming exercise during pregnancy improved memory function by increasing cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis through Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade activation in the valproic acid injected pups. Maternal swimming exercise during pregnancy may have a protective effect on factors that induce autism in the fetus.
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25
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Li D, Xu J, Yang MQ. Gene Regulation Analysis Reveals Perturbations of Autism Spectrum Disorder during Neural System Development. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121901. [PMID: 34946850 PMCID: PMC8700980 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that impedes patients' cognition, social, speech and communication skills. ASD is highly heterogeneous with a variety of etiologies and clinical manifestations. The prevalence rate of ASD increased steadily in recent years. Presently, molecular mechanisms underlying ASD occurrence and development remain to be elucidated. Here, we integrated multi-layer genomics data to investigate the transcriptome and pathway dysregulations in ASD development. The RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) expression profiles of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and neuron cells from ASD and normal samples were compared in our study. We found that substantially more genes were differentially expressed in the NPCs than the iPSCs. Consistently, gene set variation analysis revealed that the activity of the known ASD pathways in NPCs and neural cells were significantly different from the iPSCs, suggesting that ASD occurred at the early stage of neural system development. We further constructed comprehensive brain- and neural-specific regulatory networks by incorporating transcription factor (TF) and gene interactions with long 5 non-coding RNA(lncRNA) and protein interactions. We then overlaid the transcriptomes of different cell types on the regulatory networks to infer the regulatory cascades. The variations of the regulatory cascades between ASD and normal samples uncovered a set of novel disease-associated genes and gene interactions, particularly highlighting the functional roles of ELF3 and the interaction between STAT1 and lncRNA ELF3-AS 1 in the disease development. These new findings extend our understanding of ASD and offer putative new therapeutic targets for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA;
| | - Joshua Xu
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA;
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (M.Q.Y.)
| | - Mary Qu Yang
- MidSouth Bioinformatics Center, Joint Bioinformatics Graduate Program of University of Arkansas at Little Rock, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (M.Q.Y.)
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26
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Gu X, Han YY, Yang CY, Ji HM, Lan YJ, Bi YQ, Zheng C, Qu J, Cheng MH, Gao J. Activated AMPK by metformin protects against fibroblast proliferation during pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing FOXM1. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105844. [PMID: 34450310 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive and devastating lung disease of unknown etiology, excessive fibroblast proliferation serves as a key event to promote PF. Transcription factor forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is not only a well-known proto-oncogene, but also an essential driver of cell proliferation. Recently, 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is reported to reduce the incidence of PF. However, it remains elusive whether have an underlying relationship between AMPK and FOXM1 in fibroblast proliferation-mediated PF. Here, the progression of lung fibroblast proliferation and the expression levels of AMPK and FOXM1 were observed by intratracheally instilled of bleomycin (BLM) and intraperitoneal injection of metformin in C57BL/6 J mice. Meanwhile, human fetal lung fibroblast1 (HFL1) cells were respectively treated with AMPK activator metformin or AMPK inhibitor Compound C, or FOXM1 depletion by transfected small interfering RNA (siRNA) to unveil roles of AMPK, FOXM1 and the link between them on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced fibroblast proliferation. Our results demonstrated that AMPK activated by metformin could down-regulate FOXM1 and alleviate BLM-induced mouse PF model. In vitro, activation of AMPK attenuated PDGF-induced fibroblast proliferation accompanied by the down-regulation of FOXM1. In contrast, inhibition of AMPK enhanced PDGF-induced fibroblast proliferation along with activating FOXM1. These findings suggest that AMPK can ameliorate the progression of fibroblast proliferation during PF via suppressing the expression of FOXM1 and provide new insight into seek PF treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Gu
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200120, China; 3201 Hospital, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, 723000, China
| | - Yong-Yue Han
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Chong-Yang Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Hui-Min Ji
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yue-Jiao Lan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yu-Qian Bi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Jiao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, China
| | - Ming-Han Cheng
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Jian Gao
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200120, China.
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27
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PTEN mutations in autism spectrum disorder and congenital hydrocephalus: developmental pleiotropy and therapeutic targets. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:961-976. [PMID: 34625286 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The lack of effective treatments for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and congenital hydrocephalus (CH) reflects the limited understanding of the biology underlying these common neurodevelopmental disorders. Although ASD and CH have been extensively studied as independent entities, recent human genomic and preclinical animal studies have uncovered shared molecular pathophysiology. Here, we review and discuss phenotypic, genomic, and molecular similarities between ASD and CH, and identify the PTEN-PI3K-mTOR (phosphatase and tensin homolog-phosphoinositide 3-kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway as a common underlying mechanism that holds diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic promise for individuals with ASD and CH.
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28
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Popow C, Ohmann S, Plener P. Practitioner's review: medication for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and comorbid conditions. NEUROPSYCHIATRIE : KLINIK, DIAGNOSTIK, THERAPIE UND REHABILITATION : ORGAN DER GESELLSCHAFT OSTERREICHISCHER NERVENARZTE UND PSYCHIATER 2021; 35:113-134. [PMID: 34160787 PMCID: PMC8429404 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-021-00395-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Alleviating the multiple problems of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and its comorbid conditions presents major challenges for the affected children, parents, and therapists. Because of a complex psychopathology, structured therapy and parent training are not always sufficient, especially for those patients with intellectual disability (ID) and multiple comorbidities. Moreover, structured therapy is not available for a large number of patients, and pharmacological support is often needed, especially in those children with additional attention deficit/hyperactivity and oppositional defiant, conduct, and sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Popow
- Dept. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Ohmann
- Dept. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Plener
- Dept. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18–20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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29
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Tenorio-Castaño JA, Arias P, Fernández-Jaén A, Lay-Son G, Bueno-Lozano G, Bayat A, Faivre L, Gallego N, Ramos S, Butler KM, Morel C, Hadjiyannakis S, Lespinasse J, Tran-Mau-Them F, Santos-Simarro F, Pinson L, Martínez-Monseny AF, O'Callaghan Cord MDM, Álvarez S, Stolerman ES, Washington C, Ramos FJ, The S O G R I Consortium, Lapunzina P. Tenorio syndrome: Description of 14 novel cases and review of the clinical and molecular features. Clin Genet 2021; 100:405-411. [PMID: 34196401 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tenorio syndrome (TNORS) (OMIM #616260) is a relatively recent disorder with very few cases described so far. Clinical features included macrocephaly, intellectual disability, hypotonia, enlarged ventricles and autoimmune diseases. Molecular underlying mechanism demonstrated missense variants and a large deletion encompassing RNF125, a gene that encodes for an U3 ubiquitin ligase protein. Since the initial description of the disorder in six patients from four families, several new patients were diagnosed, adding more evidence to the clinical spectrum. In this article, we described 14 additional cases with deep phenotyping and make an overall review of all the cases with pathogenic variants in RNF125. Not all patients presented with overgrowth, but instead, most patients showed a common pattern of neurodevelopmental disease, macrocephaly and/or large forehead. Segregation analysis showed that, though the variant was inherited in some patients from an apparently asymptomatic parent, deep phenotyping suggested a mild form of the disease in some of them. The mechanism underlying the development of this disease is not well understood yet and the report of further cases will help to a better understanding and clinical characterization of the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jair Antonio Tenorio-Castaño
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Overgrowth Syndromes Laboratory, INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario la Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Ithaca, European Reference Network, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pedro Arias
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Overgrowth Syndromes Laboratory, INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario la Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Guillermo Lay-Son
- Unidad de Genética, División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de, Chile
| | - Gloria Bueno-Lozano
- Unit of Clinical Genetics, Service of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University Hospital 'Lozano Blesa, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Allan Bayat
- Department of Pediatrics, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Ithaca, European Reference Network, Brussels, Belgium.,Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, FHU TRANSLAD, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France.,UMR1231 GAD, Inserm - Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Natalia Gallego
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Overgrowth Syndromes Laboratory, INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario la Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Ithaca, European Reference Network, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sergio Ramos
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Overgrowth Syndromes Laboratory, INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario la Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kameryn M Butler
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Chantal Morel
- University Health Network, Fred A. Litwin Family Centre in Genetic Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stasia Hadjiyannakis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Lespinasse
- Service de Cytogenetique, Centre Hospitalier de Chambéry, Chambéry, France
| | - Frederic Tran-Mau-Them
- UF6254 Innovation en Diagnostic Genomique des Maladies Rares Bat, Pôle de Biologie, CHU, Dijon, France
| | - Fernando Santos-Simarro
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Ithaca, European Reference Network, Brussels, Belgium.,Clinical Genetics section, INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario la Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucile Pinson
- Départment de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Antonio Federico Martínez-Monseny
- Clinical Genetics section, Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine and Pediatric Institute of Rare Diseases (IPER), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Del Mar O'Callaghan Cord
- Clinical Genetics section, Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine and Pediatric Institute of Rare Diseases (IPER), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Álvarez
- NIMGENETICS, Calle de Anabel Segura, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elliot S Stolerman
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Camerun Washington
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Feliciano J Ramos
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Unit of Clinical Genetics, Service of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University Hospital 'Lozano Blesa, University of Zaragoza, CIBERER-GCV02 and ISS-Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain.,Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology, Service of Paediatrics, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - The S O G R I Consortium
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Overgrowth Syndromes Laboratory, INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario la Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Overgrowth Syndromes Laboratory, INGEMM, Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario la Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Ithaca, European Reference Network, Brussels, Belgium
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30
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Fetit R, Hillary RF, Price DJ, Lawrie SM. The neuropathology of autism: A systematic review of post-mortem studies of autism and related disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 129:35-62. [PMID: 34273379 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Post-mortem studies allow for the direct investigation of brain tissue in those with autism and related disorders. Several review articles have focused on aspects of post-mortem abnormalities but none has brought together the entire post-mortem literature. Here, we systematically review the evidence from post-mortem studies of autism, and of related disorders that present with autistic features. The literature consists of a small body of studies with small sample sizes, but several remarkably consistent findings are evident. Cortical layering is largely undisturbed, but there are consistent reductions in minicolumn numbers and aberrant myelination. Transcriptomics repeatedly implicate abberant synaptic, metabolic, proliferation, apoptosis and immune pathways. Sufficient replicated evidence is available to implicate non-coding RNA, aberrant epigenetic profiles, GABAergic, glutamatergic and glial dysfunction in autism pathogenesis. Overall, the cerebellum and frontal cortex are most consistently implicated, sometimes revealing distinct region-specific alterations. The literature on related disorders such as Rett syndrome, Fragile X and copy number variations (CNVs) predisposing to autism is particularly small and inconclusive. Larger studies, matched for gender, developmental stage, co-morbidities and drug treatment are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Fetit
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK.
| | - Robert F Hillary
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - David J Price
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK; Patrick Wild Centre, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK
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Sharma A, Mehan S. Targeting PI3K-AKT/mTOR signaling in the prevention of autism. Neurochem Int 2021; 147:105067. [PMID: 33992742 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PI3K-AKT/mTOR signaling pathway represents an essential signaling mechanism for mammalian enzyme-related receptors in transducing signals or biological processes such as cell development, differentiation, cell survival, protein synthesis, and metabolism. Upregulation of the PI3K-AKT/mTOR signaling pathway involves many human brain abnormalities, including autism and other neurological dysfunctions. Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with behavior and psychiatric illness. This research-based review discusses the functional relationship between the neuropathogenic factors associated with PI3K-AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Ultimately causes autism-like conditions associated with genetic alterations, neuronal apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. Therefore, inhibition of the PI3K-AKT/mTOR signaling pathway may have an effective therapeutic value for autism treatment. The current review also summarizes the involvement of PI3K-AKT/mTOR signaling pathway inhibitors in the treatment of autism and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Sharma
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India.
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Alterations in Tau Protein Level and Phosphorylation State in the Brain of the Autistic-Like Rats Induced by Prenatal Exposure to Valproic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063209. [PMID: 33809910 PMCID: PMC8004207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficient social interaction and communication besides repetitive, stereotyped behaviours. A characteristic feature of ASD is altered dendritic spine density and morphology associated with synaptic plasticity disturbances. Since microtubules (MTs) regulate dendritic spine morphology and play an important role in spine development and plasticity the aim of the present study was to investigate the alterations in the content of neuronal α/β-tubulin and Tau protein level as well as phosphorylation state in the valproic acid (VPA)-induced rat model of autism. Our results indicated that maternal exposure to VPA induces: (1) decrease the level of α/β-tubulin along with Tau accumulation in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex; (2) excessive Tau phosphorylation and activation of Tau-kinases: CDK5, ERK1/2, and p70S6K in the cerebral cortex; (3) up-regulation of mTOR kinase-dependent signalling in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of adolescent rat offspring. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining showed histopathological changes in neurons (chromatolysis) in both analysed brain structures of rats prenatally exposed to VPA. The observed changes in Tau protein together with an excessive decrease in α/β-tubulin level may suggest destabilization and thus dysfunction of the MT cytoskeleton network, which in consequence may lead to the disturbance in synaptic plasticity and the development of autistic-like behaviours.
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Dai L, Weiss RB, Dunn DM, Ramirez A, Paul S, Korenberg JR. Core transcriptional networks in Williams syndrome: IGF1-PI3K-AKT-mTOR, MAPK and actin signaling at the synapse echo autism. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:411-429. [PMID: 33564861 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene networks for disorders of social behavior provide the mechanisms critical for identifying therapeutic targets and biomarkers. Large behavioral phenotypic effects of small human deletions make the positive sociality of Williams syndrome (WS) ideal for determining transcriptional networks for social dysfunction currently based on DNA variations for disorders such as autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCHZ). Consensus on WS networks has been elusive due to the need for larger cohort size, sensitive genome-wide detection and analytic tools. We report a core set of WS network perturbations in a cohort of 58 individuals (34 with typical, 6 atypical deletions and 18 controls). Genome-wide exon-level expression arrays robustly detected changes in differentially expressed gene (DEG) transcripts from WS deleted genes that ranked in the top 11 of 12 122 transcripts, validated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR, RNASeq and western blots. WS DEG's were strictly dosed in the full but not the atypical deletions that revealed a breakpoint position effect on non-deleted CLIP2, a caveat for current phenotypic mapping based on copy number variants. Network analyses tested the top WS DEG's role in the dendritic spine, employing GeneMANIA to harmonize WS DEGs with comparable query gene-sets. The results indicate perturbed actin cytoskeletal signaling analogous to the excitatory dendritic spines. Independent protein-protein interaction analyses of top WS DEGs generated a 100-node graph annotated topologically revealing three interacting pathways, MAPK, IGF1-PI3K-AKT-mTOR/insulin and actin signaling at the synapse. The results indicate striking similarity of WS transcriptional networks to genome-wide association study-based ASD and SCHZ risk suggesting common network dysfunction for these disorders of divergent sociality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Dai
- Center for Integrated Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Robert B Weiss
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Diane M Dunn
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Anna Ramirez
- Center for Integrated Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sharan Paul
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Julie R Korenberg
- Center for Integrated Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Kamimura H, Sato T, Natsui K, Kobayashi T, Yoshida T, Kamimura K, Tsuchiya A, Murayama T, Yokoyama J, Kawai H, Takamura M, Terai S. Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment of Sarcopenia in Liver Disease: A Review of Current Knowledge. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031425. [PMID: 33572604 PMCID: PMC7867020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength that occurs with aging or in association with various diseases. The condition is prevalent worldwide and occurs more frequently in patients with chronic diseases owing to the intrinsic relationship of muscles with glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism. Liver cirrhosis is characterized by the progression of necro-inflammatory liver diseases, which leads to fibrosis, portal hypertension, and a catabolic state, which causes loss of muscle tissue. Sarcopenia is of significant concern in the state of liver cirrhosis because sarcopenia has been associated with higher mortality, increased hospital admissions, worse post-liver transplant outcomes, decreased quality of life, and increased risk for other complications associated with cirrhosis. Therefore, sarcopenia is also an important feature of liver cirrhosis, representing a negative prognostic factor and influencing mortality. An increased understanding of sarcopenia could lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches that could help improve the cognitive impairment of cirrhotic patients; therefore, we present a review of the mechanisms and diagnosis of sarcopenia in liver disease and existing therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroteru Kamimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (T.S.); (K.N.); (T.K.); (T.Y.); (K.K.); (A.T.); (J.Y.); (H.K.); (M.T.); (S.T.)
- Nutrition Support Team, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata 951-8510, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-25-227-2207
| | - Takeki Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (T.S.); (K.N.); (T.K.); (T.Y.); (K.K.); (A.T.); (J.Y.); (H.K.); (M.T.); (S.T.)
| | - Kazuki Natsui
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (T.S.); (K.N.); (T.K.); (T.Y.); (K.K.); (A.T.); (J.Y.); (H.K.); (M.T.); (S.T.)
| | - Takamasa Kobayashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (T.S.); (K.N.); (T.K.); (T.Y.); (K.K.); (A.T.); (J.Y.); (H.K.); (M.T.); (S.T.)
| | - Tomoaki Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (T.S.); (K.N.); (T.K.); (T.Y.); (K.K.); (A.T.); (J.Y.); (H.K.); (M.T.); (S.T.)
| | - Kenya Kamimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (T.S.); (K.N.); (T.K.); (T.Y.); (K.K.); (A.T.); (J.Y.); (H.K.); (M.T.); (S.T.)
| | - Atsunori Tsuchiya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (T.S.); (K.N.); (T.K.); (T.Y.); (K.K.); (A.T.); (J.Y.); (H.K.); (M.T.); (S.T.)
| | - Toshiko Murayama
- Nutrition Support Team, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata 951-8510, Japan;
| | - Junji Yokoyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (T.S.); (K.N.); (T.K.); (T.Y.); (K.K.); (A.T.); (J.Y.); (H.K.); (M.T.); (S.T.)
- Nutrition Support Team, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata 951-8510, Japan;
| | - Hirokazu Kawai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (T.S.); (K.N.); (T.K.); (T.Y.); (K.K.); (A.T.); (J.Y.); (H.K.); (M.T.); (S.T.)
| | - Masaaki Takamura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (T.S.); (K.N.); (T.K.); (T.Y.); (K.K.); (A.T.); (J.Y.); (H.K.); (M.T.); (S.T.)
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; (T.S.); (K.N.); (T.K.); (T.Y.); (K.K.); (A.T.); (J.Y.); (H.K.); (M.T.); (S.T.)
- Nutrition Support Team, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata 951-8510, Japan;
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Role of Oligodendrocytes and Myelin in the Pathophysiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10120951. [PMID: 33302549 PMCID: PMC7764453 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is an early neurodevelopmental disorder that involves deficits in interpersonal communication, social interaction, and repetitive behaviors. Although ASD pathophysiology is still uncertain, alterations in the abnormal development of the frontal lobe, limbic areas, and putamen generate an imbalance between inhibition and excitation of neuronal activity. Interestingly, recent findings suggest that a disruption in neuronal connectivity is associated with neural alterations in white matter production and myelination in diverse brain regions of patients with ASD. This review is aimed to summarize the most recent evidence that supports the notion that abnormalities in the oligodendrocyte generation and axonal myelination in specific brain regions are involved in the pathophysiology of ASD. Fundamental molecular mediators of these pathological processes are also examined. Determining the role of alterations in oligodendrogenesis and myelination is a fundamental step to understand the pathophysiology of ASD and identify possible therapeutic targets.
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Xin Y, Min P, Xu H, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. CD26 upregulates proliferation and invasion in keloid fibroblasts through an IGF-1-induced PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. BURNS & TRAUMA 2020; 8:tkaa025. [PMID: 33150188 PMCID: PMC7596300 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkaa025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Keloid is a fibrotic dermal disease characterized by an abnormal increase in fibroblast proliferation and invasion. These pathological behaviours may be related to the heterogeneity of keloid fibroblasts (KFs); however, because of a lack of effective biomarkers for KFs it is difficult to study the underlying mechanism. Our previous studies revealed that the expansion of CD26+ KFs was responsible for increased keloid proliferation and invasion capabilities; the intrinsic relationship and mechanism between CD26 and keloid is therefore worthy of further investigation. The aim of this study was to explore molecular mechanisms in the process of CD26 upregulated KFs proliferation and invasion abilities, and provide more evidence for CD26 as an effective biomarker of keloid and a new clinical therapeutic target. Methods Flow cytometry was performed to isolate CD26+/CD26− fibroblasts from KFs and normal fibroblasts. To generate stably silenced KFs for CD26 and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), lentiviral particles encoding shRNA targeting CD26 and IGF-1R were used for transfection. Cell proliferations were analysed by cell counting kit-8 assay and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay. Scratching assay and transwell assay were used to assess cell migration and invasion abilities. To further quantify the regulatory role of CD26 expression in the relevant signalling pathway, RT-qPCR, western blot, ELISA, PI3K activity assay and immunofluorescence were used. Results Aberrant expression of CD26 in KFs was proven to be associated with increased proliferation and invasion of KFs. Furthermore, the role of the IGF-1/IGF-1 receptor axis was also studied in CD26 and was found to upregulate KF proliferation and invasion. The PI3K/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway was shown to affect CD26-regulated KF proliferation and invasion by increasing phosphorylation levels of S6 kinase and 4E-binding protein. Conclusions CD26 can be the effective biomarker for KFs, and its expression is closely related to proliferation and invasion in keloids through the IGF-1-induced PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. This work provides a novel perspective on the pathological mechanisms affecting KFs and therapeutic strategies against keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Peiru Min
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
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Tang Z, Su KH, Xu M, Dai C. HSF1 physically neutralizes amyloid oligomers to empower overgrowth and bestow neuroprotection. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/46/eabc6871. [PMID: 33177089 PMCID: PMC7673739 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc6871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The role of proteomic instability in cancer, particularly amyloidogenesis, remains obscure. Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) transcriptionally governs the proteotoxic stress response to suppress proteomic instability and enhance survival. Paradoxically, HSF1 promotes oncogenesis. Here, we report that AKT activates HSF1 via Ser230 phosphorylation. In vivo, HSF1 enables megalencephaly and hepatomegaly, which are driven by hyperactive phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT signaling. Hsf1 deficiency exacerbates amyloidogenesis and elicits apoptosis, thereby countering tissue overgrowth. Unexpectedly, HSF1 physically neutralizes soluble amyloid oligomers (AOs). Beyond impeding amyloidogenesis, HSF1 shields HSP60 from direct assault by AOs, averting HSP60 destabilization, collapse of the mitochondrial proteome, and, ultimately, mitophagy and apoptosis. The very same mechanism occurs in Alzheimer's disease. These findings suggest that amyloidogenesis may be a checkpoint mechanism that constrains uncontrolled growth and safeguards tissue homeostasis, congruent with its emerging tumor-suppressive function. HSF1, by acting as an anti-amyloid factor, promotes overgrowth syndromes and cancer but may suppress neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Tang
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Graduate Programs, Department of Molecular & Biomedical Sciences, The University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Kuo-Hui Su
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Meng Xu
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Chengkai Dai
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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38
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The role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta in multiple sclerosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110874. [PMID: 33080467 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that leads to progressive neurological disability due to axonal deterioration. Although MS presents profound heterogeneity in the clinical course, its underlying central mechanism is active demyelination and neurodegeneration associated with inflammation. Multiple autoimmune and neuroinflammatory pathways are involved in the demyelination process of MS. Analysis of MS lesions has shown that inflammatory genes are upregulated. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is part of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family and has important roles in many signaling cascades. GSK-3 is a highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinase expressed in both the central and the peripheral nervous systems. GSK-3 modulates several biological processes through phosphorylation of protein kinases, including cell signaling, neuronal growth, apoptosis and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interleukins, allowing adaptive changes in events such as cellular proliferation, migration, inflammation, and immunity. GSK-3 occurs in mammals in two isoforms GSK-3α and GSK-3β, both of which are common in the brain, although GSK-3α is found particularly in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, striated hippocampus and Purkinje cells, while GSK-3β is found in all brain regions. In patients with chronic progressive MS, expression of GSK-3β is elevated in several brain regions such as the corpus callosum and cerebral cortex. GSK-3β inhibition may play a role in glial cell activation, reducing pathological pain induced by nerve injury by formalin injection. According to the role of GSK-3β in pathological conditions, the aim of this article is review of the role of GSK-3β in multiple sclerosis and inflammation of neurons.
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Ragusa M, Santagati M, Mirabella F, Lauretta G, Cirnigliaro M, Brex D, Barbagallo C, Domini CN, Gulisano M, Barone R, Trovato L, Oliveri S, Mongelli G, Spitale A, Barbagallo D, Di Pietro C, Stefani S, Rizzo R, Purrello M. Potential Associations Among Alteration of Salivary miRNAs, Saliva Microbiome Structure, and Cognitive Impairments in Autistic Children. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176203. [PMID: 32867322 PMCID: PMC7504581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has demonstrated that salivary molecules, as well as bacterial populations, can be perturbed by several pathological conditions, including neuro-psychiatric diseases. This relationship between brain functionality and saliva composition could be exploited to unveil new pathological mechanisms of elusive diseases, such as Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). We performed a combined approach of miRNA expression profiling by NanoString technology, followed by validation experiments in qPCR, and 16S rRNA microbiome analysis on saliva from 53 ASD and 27 neurologically unaffected control (NUC) children. MiR-29a-3p and miR-141-3p were upregulated, while miR-16-5p, let-7b-5p, and miR-451a were downregulated in ASD compared to NUCs. Microbiome analysis on the same subjects revealed that Rothia, Filifactor, Actinobacillus, Weeksellaceae, Ralstonia, Pasteurellaceae, and Aggregatibacter increased their abundance in ASD patients, while Tannerella, Moryella and TM7-3 decreased. Variations of both miRNAs and microbes were statistically associated to different neuropsychological scores related to anomalies in social interaction and communication. Among miRNA/bacteria associations, the most relevant was the negative correlation between salivary miR-141-3p expression and Tannerella abundance. MiRNA and microbiome dysregulations found in the saliva of ASD children are potentially associated with cognitive impairments of the subjects. Furthermore, a potential cross-talking between circulating miRNAs and resident bacteria could occur in saliva of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ragusa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.R.); (F.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (C.D.P.)
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
| | - Maria Santagati
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (L.T.); (S.O.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Federica Mirabella
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.R.); (F.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Giovanni Lauretta
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.R.); (F.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Matilde Cirnigliaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.R.); (F.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Duilia Brex
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.R.); (F.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Cristina Barbagallo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.R.); (F.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Carla Noemi Domini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.N.D.); (M.G.); (R.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Mariangela Gulisano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.N.D.); (M.G.); (R.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Rita Barone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.N.D.); (M.G.); (R.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Laura Trovato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (L.T.); (S.O.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Salvatore Oliveri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (L.T.); (S.O.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Gino Mongelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (L.T.); (S.O.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
- Bio-nanotech Research and Innovation Tower (BRIT), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Ambra Spitale
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (L.T.); (S.O.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Davide Barbagallo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.R.); (F.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Cinzia Di Pietro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.R.); (F.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Stefania Stefani
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.); (L.T.); (S.O.); (G.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Renata Rizzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (C.N.D.); (M.G.); (R.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Michele Purrello
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Biology and Genetics G. Sichel, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.R.); (F.M.); (G.L.); (M.C.); (D.B.); (C.B.); (D.B.); (C.D.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Linker SB, Mendes APD, Marchetto MC. IGF-1 treatment causes unique transcriptional response in neurons from individuals with idiopathic autism. Mol Autism 2020; 11:55. [PMID: 32591005 PMCID: PMC7320548 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-020-00359-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research evidence accumulated in the past years in both rodent and human models for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have established insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) as one of the most promising ASD therapeutic interventions to date. ASD is phenotypically and etiologically heterogeneous, making it challenging to uncover the underlying genetic and cellular pathophysiology of the condition; and to efficiently design drugs with widespread clinical benefits. While IGF-1 effects have been comprehensively studied in the literature, how IGF-1 activity may lead to therapeutic recovery in the ASD context is still largely unknown. METHODS In this study, we used a previously characterized neuronal population derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from neurotypical controls and idiopathic ASD individuals to study the transcriptional signature of acutely and chronically IGF-1-treated cells. RESULTS We present a comprehensive list of differentially regulated genes and molecular interactions resulting from IGF-1 exposure in developing neurons from controls and ASD individuals. Our results indicate that IGF-1 treatment has a different impact on neurons from ASD patients compared to controls. Response to IGF-1 treatment in neurons derived from ASD patients was heterogeneous and correlated with IGF-1 receptor expression, indicating that IGF-1 response may have responder and non-responder distinctions across cohorts of ASD patients. Our results suggest that caution should be used when predicting the effect of IGF-1 treatment on ASD patients using neurotypical controls. Instead, IGF-1 response should be studied in the context of ASD patients' neural cells. LIMITATIONS The limitation of our study is that our cohort of eight sporadic ASD individuals is comorbid with macrocephaly in childhood. Future studies will address weather downstream transcriptional response of IGF-1 is comparable in non-macrocephalic ASD cohorts. CONCLUSIONS The results presented in this study provide an important resource for researchers in the ASD field and underscore the necessity of using ASD patient lines to explore ASD neuronal-specific responses to drugs such as IGF-1. This study further helps to identify candidate pathways and targets for effective clinical intervention and may help to inform clinical trials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara B Linker
- The Salk Institute, Laboratory of Genetics, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ana P D Mendes
- The Salk Institute, Laboratory of Genetics, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Maria C Marchetto
- The Salk Institute, Laboratory of Genetics, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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Primary Cilia Signaling Promotes Axonal Tract Development and Is Disrupted in Joubert Syndrome-Related Disorders Models. Dev Cell 2020; 51:759-774.e5. [PMID: 31846650 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate axonal growth and connectivity are essential for functional wiring of the brain. Joubert syndrome-related disorders (JSRD), a group of ciliopathies in which mutations disrupt primary cilia function, are characterized by axonal tract malformations. However, little is known about how cilia-driven signaling regulates axonal growth and connectivity. We demonstrate that the deletion of related JSRD genes, Arl13b and Inpp5e, in projection neurons leads to de-fasciculated and misoriented axonal tracts. Arl13b deletion disrupts the function of its downstream effector, Inpp5e, and deregulates ciliary-PI3K/AKT signaling. Chemogenetic activation of ciliary GPCR signaling and cilia-specific optogenetic modulation of downstream second messenger cascades (PI3K, AKT, and AC3) commonly regulated by ciliary signaling receptors induce rapid changes in axonal dynamics. Further, Arl13b deletion leads to changes in transcriptional landscape associated with dysregulated PI3K/AKT signaling. These data suggest that ciliary signaling acts to modulate axonal connectivity and that impaired primary cilia signaling underlies axonal tract defects in JSRD.
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dl-Methionine supplementation in a low-fishmeal diet affects the TOR/S6K pathway by stimulating ASCT2 amino acid transporter and insulin-like growth factor-I in the dorsal muscle of juvenile cobia ( Rachycentron canadum). Br J Nutr 2020; 122:734-744. [PMID: 32124713 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519001648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An 8-week feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dl-methionine (Met) supplementation in a low-fishmeal diet on growth, key gene expressions of amino acid transporters and target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway in juvenile cobia, Rachycentron canadum. Seven isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated, containing 0·72, 0·90, 1·00, 1·24, 1·41, 1·63 and 1·86 % Met. Weight gain and specific growth rates increased gradually with Met levels of up to 1·24 % and then decreased gradually. In dorsal muscle, mRNA levels of ASCT2 in the 1·00 % Met group were significantly up-regulated compared with 0·72, 1·63, and 1·86 %. The insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) mRNA levels in the dorsal muscle of fish fed 1·00 and 1·24 % Met were higher than those in fish fed other Met levels. In addition, fish fed 1·24 % Met showed the highest mRNA levels of TOR and phosphorylation of TOR on Ser2448. The phosphorylation of ribosomal p70-S6 kinase (S6K) on Ser371 in the dorsal muscle of fish fed 1·86 % Met was higher than those in the 0·72 % group. In conclusion, straight broken-line analysis of weight gain rate against dietary Met level indicates that the optimal Met requirement for juvenile cobia is 1·24 % (of DM, or 2·71 % dietary protein). Met supplementation in a low-fishmeal diet increased cobia growth via a mechanism that can partly be attributed to Met's ability to affect the TOR/S6K signalling pathway by enhancing ASCT2 and IGF-I transcription in cobia dorsal muscle.
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Sciara AN, Beasley B, Crawford JD, Anderson EP, Carrasco T, Zheng S, Ordway GA, Chandley MJ. Neuroinflammatory Gene Expression Alterations in Anterior Cingulate Cortical White and Gray Matter of Males With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism Res 2020; 13:870-884. [PMID: 32129578 PMCID: PMC7540672 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Evidence for putative pathophysiological mechanisms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including peripheral inflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, white matter alterations, and abnormal synaptic overgrowth, indicate a possible involvement of neuroinflammation in the disorder. Neuroinflammation plays a role in the development and maintenance of the dendritic spines involved in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission, and also influences blood-brain permeability. Cytokines released from microglia can impact the length, location or organization of dendritic spines on excitatory and inhibitory cells as well as recruit and impact glial cell function around the neurons. In this study, gene expression levels of anti- and pro-inflammatory signaling molecules, as well as oligodendrocyte and astrocyte marker proteins, were measured in both gray and white matter tissue in the anterior cingulate cortex from ASD and age-matched typically developing (TD) control brain donors, ranging from ages 4 to 37 years. Expression levels of the pro-inflammatory gene, HLA-DR, were significantly reduced in gray matter and expression levels of the anti-inflammatory gene MRC1 were significantly elevated in white matter from ASD donors as compared to TD donors, but neither retained statistical significance after correction for multiple comparisons. Modest trends toward differences in expression levels were also observed for the pro-inflammatory (CD68, IL1β) and anti-inflammatory genes (IGF1, IGF1R) comparing ASD donors to TD donors. The direction of gene expression changes comparing ASD to TD donors did not reveal consistent findings implicating an elevated pro- or anti-inflammatory state in ASD. However, altered expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory gene expression indicates some involvement of neuroinflammation in ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 870-884. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: The anterior cingulate cortex is an integral brain region in modulating social behaviors including nonverbal communication. The study found that inflammatory gene expression levels were altered in this brain region. We hypothesize that the inflammatory changes in this area could impact neuronal function. The finding has future implications in using these molecular markers to identify potential environmental exposures and distinct cell differences in autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey N. Sciara
- Department of Biological SciencesEast Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTennessee
| | - Brooke Beasley
- Department of Health SciencesEast Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTN
| | - Jessica D. Crawford
- Department of Biomedical SciencesEast Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTN
| | - Emma P. Anderson
- Department of Health SciencesEast Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTN
| | - Tiffani Carrasco
- Department of Health SciencesEast Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTN
| | - Shimin Zheng
- Department of Biostatistics and EpidemiologyEast Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTN
| | - Gregory A. Ordway
- Department of Biomedical SciencesEast Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTN
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesEast Tennessee State University, Johnson CityJohnson CityTN
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Abstract
Since the initial psychological report by Leo Kanner in 1943, relatively little formal biochemical/neurological research on the cause of autism, other than peripheral searches for genomic mutations, had been carried until the end of the 20th century. As a result of studies on twin sets and the conclusion that autism was largely a hereditary defect, numerous investigations have sought various genetic faults in particular. However, such studies were able to reveal a plausible etiology for this malady in only a small percentage of instances. Key bio-molecular characteristics of this syndrome have been uncovered when the potential roles of the glia were studied in depth. Findings related to biochemical deficiencies appearing early in the newborn, such as depressed IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor #1) in neurogenesis/myelination, are becoming emphasized in many laboratories. Progress leading to timely diagnoses and subsequent prevention of central nervous system dysconnectivity now seems plausible. The tendency for an infant to develop autism may currently be determinable and preventable before irreversible psychosocial disturbances become established. These discussions about glial function will be inter-spersed with comments about their apparent relevance to autism. The concluding portion of this presentation will be a detailed review and summation of this diagnosis and prevention proposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Steinman
- Visiting Researcher, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hadassah Hospital-Hebrew University, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Steinman G. COVID-19 and autism. Med Hypotheses 2020; 142:109797. [PMID: 32416411 PMCID: PMC7252020 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The current pandemic of Covid-19 has created a paradigm for possibly gaining greater insight in two conditions:Inflammatory maladies in pregnancy, and. The biology of IGF-1 in autism. Studies since the beginning of this century have supported the view that IGF-1 deficiency in the neonate defines the basis of autism. As a result, it appears that interleukin-6 in corona virus-based infections causes reduced defenses because of suppressed IGF-1, especially in older patients. This may also portend an increase of autism in the offspring of gravidas currently affected severely by Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Steinman
- Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hadassah Hospital - Hebrew University, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 12000 Israel.
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CGSEA: A Flexible Tool for Evaluating the Associations of Chemicals with Complex Diseases. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2020; 10:945-949. [PMID: 31937547 PMCID: PMC7056963 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of many human complex diseases or traits involves interactions between chemicals and genes that regulate important physiological processes. It has been well documented that chemicals can contribute to disease development through affecting gene expression in vivo. In this study, we developed a flexible tool CGSEA for scanning the candidate chemicals associated with complex diseases or traits. CGSEA only need genome-wide summary level data, such as transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) and mRNA expression profiles. CGSEA was applied to the GWAS summaries of attention deficiency/hyperactive disorder, (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and cervical cancer. CGSEA identified several significant chemicals, which have been demonstrated to be involved in the development or treatment of ADHD, ASD and cervical cancer. The CGSEA program and user manual are available at https://github.com/ChengSQXJTU/CGSEA.
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Yuan ZF, Mao SS, Shen J, Jiang LH, Xu L, Xu JL, Gao F. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Down-Regulates the Phosphorylation of FXYD1 and Rescues Behavioral Deficits in a Mouse Model of Rett Syndrome. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:20. [PMID: 32063830 PMCID: PMC7000522 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disease in children that is mainly caused by mutations in the MeCP2 gene, which codes for a transcriptional regulator. The expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is reduced in RTT patients and animal models, and IGF-1 treatment is a promising therapeutic strategy for RTT. However, the mechanism underlying the effects of IGF-1 remains to be further explored. FXYD1 is an auxiliary subunit of Na, K-ATPase. Overexpression of FXYD1 is involved in the pathogenesis of RTT. However, whether IGF-1 exerts its effect through normalizing FXYD1 is completely unknown. To this end, we evaluated the effect of IGF-1 on FXYD1 expression and posttranslational modification in a mouse model of RTT (MeCP2308) using both in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results show that FXYD1 mRNA and phosphorylated protein (p-FXYD1) were significantly elevated in the frontal cortex in RTT mice, compared to wild type. In RTT mice, IGF-1 treatment significantly reduced levels of FXYD1 mRNA and p-FXYD1, in parallel with improvements in behavior, motor coordination, and cognitive function. For mechanistic insight into the effect of IGF-1 on p-FXYD1, we found the decreased phosphorylated forms of PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway components in the frontal cortex of RTT mice and the normalizing effect of IGF-1 on the phosphorylated forms of these components. Interestingly, blocking the PI3K/AKT pathway by PI3K inhibitor could abolish the effect of IGF-1 on p-FXYD1 level, in addition to the effect of IGF-1 on the phosphorylation of other components in the PI3K/AKT pathway. Thus, our study has provided new insights into the mechanism of IGF-1 treatment for RTT, which appears to involve FXYD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Feng Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shan-Shan Mao
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jue Shen
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Hua Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Lu Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
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The role of oligopeptides in preventing autism. Med Hypotheses 2020; 138:109604. [PMID: 32018147 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous reports in this series point to insufficient insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) in the newborn as the key to brain dysconnectivity characteristic of autism. Such a deficiency should be detectable in the baby's blood at or soon after birth. Breast-feeding exclusively for the first year of postpartum life or supplementation with oral agents to raise the serum IGF1 level, such a cyclo-glycylproline, could be helpful for this purpose.
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Ashlin TG, Blunsom NJ, Ghosh M, Cockcroft S, Rihel J. Pitpnc1a Regulates Zebrafish Sleep and Wake Behavior through Modulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor Signaling. Cell Rep 2020; 24:1389-1396. [PMID: 30089250 PMCID: PMC6092267 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid transporters of the phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (PITP) family dictate phosphoinositide compartmentalization, and specific phosphoinositides play crucial roles in signaling cascades, membrane traffic, ion channel regulation, and actin dynamics. Although PITPs are enriched in the brain, their physiological functions in neuronal signaling pathways in vivo remain ill defined. We describe a CRISPR/Cas9-generated zebrafish mutant in a brain-specific, conserved class II PITP member, pitpnc1a. Zebrafish pitpnc1a mutants are healthy but display widespread aberrant neuronal activity and increased wakefulness across the day-night cycle. The loss of Pitpnc1a increases insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling in the brain, and inhibition of IGF pathways is sufficient to rescue both neuronal and behavioral hyperactivity in pitpnc1a mutants. We propose that Pitpnc1a-expressing neurons alter behavior via modification of neuro-modulatory IGF that acts on downstream wake-promoting circuits. Zebrafish have two orthologs, one brain enriched, of the lipid transporter PITPNC1 CRISPR/Cas9-generated pitpnc1a mutants are hyperactive across the day-night cycle Insulin-like growth factor signaling is dysregulated in pitpnc1a mutants Blocking IGF signaling rescues pitpnc1a mutant behavioral and neuronal hyperactivity
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim G Ashlin
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nicholas J Blunsom
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Marcus Ghosh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Shamshad Cockcroft
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Jason Rihel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Vallée R, Guillevin R, Vallée JN. Circadian Rhythms in Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The Key Role of the Canonical WNT/β-Catenin Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030820. [PMID: 32012797 PMCID: PMC7037737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is considered as the main worldwide cause of blindness in elderly adults. Exudative AMD type represents 10 to 15% of macular degeneration cases, but is the main cause of vision loss and blindness. Circadian rhythm changes are associated with aging and could further accelerate it. However, the link between circadian rhythms and exudative AMD is not fully understood. Some evidence suggests that dysregulation of circadian functions could be manifestations of diseases or could be risk factors for the development of disease in elderly adults. Biological rhythms are complex systems interacting with the environment and control several physiological pathways. Recent findings have shown that the dysregulation of circadian rhythms is correlated with exudative AMD. One of the main pathways involved in exudative AMD is the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway. Circadian clocks have a main role in some tissues by driving the circadian expression of genes involved in physiological and metabolic functions. In exudative AMD, the increase of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway is enhanced by the dysregulation of circadian rhythms. Exudative AMD progression is associated with major metabolic reprogramming, initiated by aberrant WNT/β-catenin pathway, of aerobic glycolysis. This review focuses on the interest of circadian rhythm dysregulation in exudative AMD through the aberrant upregulation of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- DACTIM-MIS, Laboratory of Mathematics and Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, University of Poitiers, CHU de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), 77100 Meaux, France
| | - Rodolphe Vallée
- University Hospital Group of Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, APHP, University of Paris-13 Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 93000 Paris, France
| | - Rémy Guillevin
- DACTIM-MIS, Laboratory of Mathematics and Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, University of Poitiers, CHU de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- CHU Amiens Picardie, University of Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80000 Amiens, France
- Laboratory of Mathematics and Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, University of Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
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