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Howard JA, David L, Lux F, Tillement O. Low-level, chronic ingestion of lead and cadmium: The unspoken danger for at-risk populations. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 478:135361. [PMID: 39116748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The long-term effects of low-level, chronic exposure to lead and cadmium through ingestion are often overlooked, despite the urgency surrounding the clinical onset and worsening of certain pathologies caused by these metals. This work reviews current legislation, global ingestion levels, and blood levels in the general population to emphasize the need for reactivity towards this exposure, especially in at-risk populations, including patients with early-stage renal and chronic kidney disease. Global data indicates persistent chronic ingestion of lead and cadmium, with no decreasing trend in recent years, and a daily consumption of tens of micrograms worldwide. Moreover, the average blood lead and cadmium levels in the general population are concerning in many countries with some significantly exceeding healthy limits, particularly for children. Technologies developed to cleanse soil and prevent heavy metal contamination in food are not yet applicable on a global scale and remain financially inaccessible for many communities. Addressing this chronic ingestion at the human level may prove more beneficial in delaying the onset of associated clinical pathologies or preventing them all together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordyn Ann Howard
- MexBrain, 13 Avenue Albert Einstein, 69100 Villeurbanne, France; Institute of Light and Matter, UMR 5306, University of Lyon 1-CNRS, University of Lyon 1, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Laurent David
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, Universite Jean Monet, CNRS, UMR 5223 Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), 15 Bd A. Latarjet, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Francois Lux
- Institute of Light and Matter, UMR 5306, University of Lyon 1-CNRS, University of Lyon 1, Villeurbanne Cedex, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France.
| | - Olivier Tillement
- Institute of Light and Matter, UMR 5306, University of Lyon 1-CNRS, University of Lyon 1, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Lang C, Tang J, Zhang G, Meng Y, Au WW, Xia ZL, Wang T. Comparison of sensitivity between blood parameters and a genotoxic biomarker at low blood Pb levels: A population-based study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 283:116796. [PMID: 39094451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies reported that lead (Pb) exposure induced adverse health effects at high exposure concentrations, however, there have been limited data on sensitivity comparisons among different health outcomes at low blood Pb levels. OBJECTIVES To compare sensitivity between blood parameters and a genotoxic biomarker among workers exposed to low blood Pb levels (< 20 µg/dl), and to estimate a benchmark dose (BMD). METHODS Pb-exposed workers were recruited from a lead-acid storage battery plant. Their blood lead levels (BLLs) were measured. Blood parameters and micronuclei (MN) frequencies were determined. Multivariate linear or Poisson regression was used to analyze relationships between blood parameters or MN frequencies with BLLs. Two BMD software were used to calculate BMD and its 95 % lower confidence limit (BMDL) for BLLs. RESULTS The median BLL for 611 workers was 10.44 µg/dl with the 25th and 75th percentile being 7.37 and 14.62 µg/dl among all participants. There were significantly negative correlations between blood parameters and BLLs. However, MN frequencies correlated positively with BLLs (all P<0.05). Results from the two BMD software revealed that the dichotomous model was superior to the continuous model, and the BMDL for BLL derived from red blood cell (RBC) was 15.11 µg/dl, from hemoglobin (HGB) was 8.50 µg/dl, from mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) was 7.87 µg/dl, from mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was 3.98 µg/dl, from mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was 11.44 µg/dl, and from hematocrit (HCT) was 6.65 µg/dl. The conservative BMDL obtained from the MN data was 7.52 µg/dl. CONCLUSION Our study shows that low dose Pb exposure caused decrease of blood parameters and increase of MN frequencies. The genotoxic biomarker was more sensitive than most blood parameters. BMDLs for BLL derived from MN frequencies and the red blood cell indicators should be considered as new occupational exposure limits. Our results suggest that MN assay can be considered as a part of occupational health examination items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Lang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jiachun Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Meng
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - William W Au
- University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Targu Mures, Romania and University of Texas Medical Branch, TX, USA
| | - Zhao-Lin Xia
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University and School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Tuanwei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, China.
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Wultsch G, Nersesyan A, Kundi M, Fenech M, Eibensteiner F, Mišík M, Krupitza G, Ferk F, Knasmüller S. Use of micronucleus cytome assays with buccal cells for the detection of genotoxic effects: A systematic review and meta-analysis of occupational exposures to metals. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2024; 794:108510. [PMID: 39004337 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2024.108510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Micronucleus (MN) assays with buccal cells are at present widely used to investigate occupational exposures to genotoxic carcinogens. This article describes their use for the monitoring of metal exposed workers. We found in total 73 relevant articles, in the majority (97 %) increased MN and/or other nuclear anomalies were reported. Most studies were realized in South East Asia and South America. A variety of different occupations was studied including welders, electroplaters, painters, workers in battery recycling and production, tannery workers, dental technicians, miners, workers in foundries and smelters, and also subjects working in waste recycling, glass, aluminum and steel production. In many investigations the effects increased with the duration of the working period. The quality of individual studies was evaluated with a quality score tool. The number of cells was in most studies sufficient and DNA-specific stains were used. However, many studies have shortcomings, e.g. they focused solely on MN formation and did not evaluate anomalies, which provide additional information about the stability of the genetic material and acute cytotoxic effects. Only 35 % of the investigations contain quantitative information about exposures to metals and other toxicants. In 6 of these studies, correlations were observed between the concentrations of specific metals (As, Pb, Cr, Cd) in body fluids and MN frequencies. Taken together, the available data indicate that the MN assay can be used to detect chromosomal damage in metal exposed groups; furthermore, it enables also comparisons between subgroups differing in regard to their exposure and allows an estimation of the efficiency of protective measures. The exposure of workers to metals is currently controlled with chemical analytical measurements only, MN assays with buccal cells could contribute to further improve the safety at workplaces as they reflect the biological consequences including synergistic and antagonistic interactions between toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Fenech
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Florian Eibensteiner
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Miroslav Mišík
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Georg Krupitza
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Siegfried Knasmüller
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria.
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Ladeira C, Møller P, Giovannelli L, Gajski G, Haveric A, Bankoglu EE, Azqueta A, Gerić M, Stopper H, Cabêda J, Tonin FS, Collins A. The Comet Assay as a Tool in Human Biomonitoring Studies of Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Chemicals-A Systematic Scoping Review. TOXICS 2024; 12:270. [PMID: 38668493 PMCID: PMC11054096 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Biomonitoring of human populations exposed to chemical substances that can act as potential mutagens or carcinogens, may enable the detection of damage and early disease prevention. In recent years, the comet assay has become an important tool for assessing DNA damage, both in environmental and occupational exposure contexts. To evidence the role of the comet assay in human biomonitoring, we have analysed original research studies of environmental or occupational exposure that used the comet assay in their assessments, following the PRISMA-ScR method (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews). Groups of chemicals were designated according to a broad classification, and the results obtained from over 300 original studies (n = 123 on air pollutants, n = 14 on anaesthetics, n = 18 on antineoplastic drugs, n = 57 on heavy metals, n = 59 on pesticides, and n = 49 on solvents) showed overall higher values of DNA strand breaks in the exposed subjects in comparison with the unexposed. In summary, our systematic scoping review strengthens the relevance of the use of the comet assay in assessing DNA damage in human biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Ladeira
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, 1172 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- Department NEUROFARBA, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Goran Gajski
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Anja Haveric
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (E.E.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Marko Gerić
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (E.E.B.); (H.S.)
| | - José Cabêda
- Guarda Nacional Republicana, Destacamento Territorial de Vila Franca de Xira, Núcleo de Proteção Ambiental, 1500-124 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Fernanda S. Tonin
- Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, Universidad de Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Andrew Collins
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway;
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Wang N, Wang X, Chen L, Liu H, Wu Y, Huang M, Fang L. Biological roles of soil microbial consortium on promoting safe crop production in heavy metal(loid) contaminated soil: A systematic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168994. [PMID: 38043809 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal(loid) (HM) pollution of agricultural soils is a growing global environmental concern that affects planetary health. Numerous studies have shown that soil microbial consortia can inhibit the accumulation of HMs in crops. However, our current understanding of the effects and mechanisms of inhibition is fragmented. In this review, we summarise extant studies and knowledge to provide a comprehensive view of HM toxicity on crop growth and development at the biological, cellular and the molecular levels. In a meta-analysis, we find that microbial consortia can improve crop resistance and reduce HM uptake, which in turn promotes healthy crop growth, demonstrating that microbial consortia are more effective than single microorganisms. We then review three main mechanisms by which microbial consortia reduce the toxicity of HMs to crops and inhibit HMs accumulation in crops: 1) reducing the bioavailability of HMs in soil (e.g. biosorption, bioaccumulation and biotransformation); 2) improving crop resistance to HMs (e.g. facilitating the absorption of nutrients); and 3) synergistic effects between microorganisms. Finally, we discuss the prospects of microbial consortium applications in simultaneous crop safety production and soil remediation, indicating that they play a key role in sustainable agricultural development, and conclude by identifying research challenges and future directions for the microbial consortium to promote safe crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, CAS and MOE, Yangling 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS and MWR, Yangling 712100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangxiang Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hongjie Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yanfang Wu
- Palm Eco-Town Development Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Min Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Nonmetallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Linchuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, CAS and MOE, Yangling 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS and MWR, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Green Utilization of Critical Nonmetallic Mineral Resources, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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6
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Gomes WR, Devóz PP, Rocha BA, Grotto D, Serpeloni JM, Batista BL, Asimakopoulos AG, Kannan K, Barbosa Jr. F, Barcelos GRM. Association between Polymorphisms of Hemochromatosis (HFE), Blood Lead (Pb) Levels, and DNA Oxidative Damage in Battery Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3513. [PMID: 36834208 PMCID: PMC9967888 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to lead (Pb) continues to be a serious public health concern and may pose an elevated risk of genetic oxidative damage. In Brazil, car battery manufacturing and recycling factories represent a great source of Pb contamination, and there are no guidelines on how to properly protect workers from exposure or to dispose the process wastes. Previous studies have shown that Pb body burden is associated with genetic polymorphisms, which consequently may influence the toxicity of the metal. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of Pb exposure on DNA oxidative damage, as well as the modulation of hemochromatosis (HFE) polymorphisms on Pb body burden, and the toxicity of Pb, through the analysis of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), in subjects occupationally exposed to the metal. Male Pb-exposed workers (n = 236) from car battery manufacturing and recycling factories in Brazil participated in the study. Blood and plasma lead levels (BLL and PLL, respectively) were determined by ICP-MS and urinary 8-OHdG levels were measured by LC-MS/MS, and genotyping of HFE SNPs (rs1799945, C → G; and 1800562, G → A) was performed by TaqMan assays. Our data showed that carriers of at least one variant allele for HFE rs1799945 (CG + GG) tended to have higher PLL than those with the non-variant genotype (β = 0.34; p = 0.043); further, PLL was significantly correlated with the levels of urinary 8-OHdG (β = 0.19; p = 0.0060), while workers that carry the variant genotype for HFE rs1800562 (A-allele) showed a prominent increase in 8-OHdG, as a function of PLL (β = 0.78; p = 0.046). Taken together, our data suggest that HFE polymorphisms may modulate the Pb body burden and, consequently, the oxidative DNA damage induced by the metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian Robert Gomes
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Paula Pícoli Devóz
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Bruno Alves Rocha
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Denise Grotto
- University of Sorocaba, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, km 92.5, Sorocaba 18023-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana Mara Serpeloni
- Department of General Biology, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, km 380, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lemos Batista
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Santo André 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Alexandros G. Asimakopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Realfagbygget, D2-163, Gløshaugen, Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Department of Pediatrics and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Bioactive Natural Products Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fernando Barbosa Jr.
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Rafael Mazzaron Barcelos
- Department of Biosciences, Institute for Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua XV de Novembro, 195, Santos 11101-151, Brazil
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Mabood F, Hadi F, Jan AU, Ditta A, Islam Z, Siddiqui MH, Ali HM, Sabagh AEL. Assessment of Pb and Ni and potential health risks associated with the consumption of vegetables grown on the roadside soils in District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:906. [PMID: 36253629 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10627-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vegetables cultivated near roads absorb toxic metals from polluted soil, which enter the human body through the food chain and cause serious health problems to humans. The present study investigated the concentration of lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni) in soils and vegetables grown along the roadside of District Swat, Pakistan, and the health risks associated with the consumption of the tested vegetables. In results, Pb concentration was higher in plants located at the distance between 0-10 m away from the roadside than the WHO permissible limit. In such plants, Pb concentration was higher than Ni. Rumex dentatus contained the highest concentration of Pb (75.63 mg kg-1 DW) among the tested vegetables while Ni concentration (27.57 mg kg-1 DW) was highest in Trachyspermum ammi as compared to other plants. Concentration and accumulation of both the metals decreased in soil and plants with increasing distance from the road. Similarly, target hazard quotient values noted for Pb (up to 3.37) were greater than unity, which shows that there is a potential risk associated with the consumption of tested vegetables near the road. Moreover, the values of target cancer risk (up to 0.8413) were greater than 0.0001, which shows that there is a risk of cancer with the consumption of tested vegetables. In conclusion, the consumption of tested vegetables was very dangerous as it may lead to higher risks of cancer. Strict regulatory control is recommended on the cultivation of these vegetables along the roadside to avoid any contamination due to roadside exhaust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Mabood
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Malakand, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Hadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Malakand, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Amin Ullah Jan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir (U), 18000, Pakistan
| | - Allah Ditta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir (U), 18000, Pakistan.
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Ziaul Islam
- Department of Animal Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir Upper, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman E L Sabagh
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kafrelsheikh, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, Adana, 01330, Turkey
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Nagaraju R, Kalahasthi R, Balachandar R, Bagepally BS. Association between lead exposure and DNA damage (genotoxicity): systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2899-2911. [PMID: 35930012 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies suggest that chronic lead (Pb) exposure may induce deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. However, there is no synthesised evidence in this regard. We systematically reviewed existing literature and synthesised evidence on the association between chronic Pb exposure and markers of genotoxicity. Observational studies reporting biomarkers of DNA damage among occupationally Pb-exposed and unexposed controls were systematically searched from PubMed, Scopus and Embase databases from inception to January 2022. The markers included were micronucleus frequency (MN), chromosomal aberrations, comet assay, and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine. During the execution of this review, we followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Mean differences in the biological markers of DNA damage between Pb-exposed and control groups were pooled using the random-effects model. The heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran-Q test and I2 statistic. The review included forty-five studies comparing markers of DNA damage between Pb-exposed and unexposed. The primary studies utilised buccal and/or peripheral leukocytes for evaluating the DNA damage. The pooled quantitative results revealed significantly higher DNA damage characterised by increased levels of MN and SCE frequency, chromosomal aberrations, and oxidative DNA damage (comet assay and 8-OHdG) among Pb-exposed than the unexposed. However, studies included in the review exhibited high levels of heterogeneity among the studies. Chronic Pb exposure is associated with DNA damage. However, high-quality, multicentred studies are required to strengthen present observations and further understand the Pb's role in inducing DNA damage. CRD42022286810.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Nagaraju
- Biochemistry, Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern), ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravibabu Kalahasthi
- Biochemistry, Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern), ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rakesh Balachandar
- Division of Health Sciences, ICMR-National Institute of Occupational Health, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Periferakis A, Caruntu A, Periferakis AT, Scheau AE, Badarau IA, Caruntu C, Scheau C. Availability, Toxicology and Medical Significance of Antimony. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084669. [PMID: 35457536 PMCID: PMC9030621 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Antimony has been known and used since ancient times, but its applications have increased significantly during the last two centuries. Aside from its few medical applications, it also has industrial applications, acting as a flame retardant and a catalyst. Geologically, native antimony is rare, and it is mostly found in sulfide ores. The main ore minerals of antimony are antimonite and jamesonite. The extensive mining and use of antimony have led to its introduction into the biosphere, where it can be hazardous, depending on its bioavailability and absorption. Detailed studies exist both from active and abandoned mining sites, and from urban settings, which document the environmental impact of antimony pollution and its impact on human physiology. Despite its evident and pronounced toxicity, it has also been used in some drugs, initially tartar emetics and subsequently antimonials. The latter are used to treat tropical diseases and their therapeutic potential for leishmaniasis means that they will not be soon phased out, despite the fact the antimonial resistance is beginning to be documented. The mechanisms by which antimony is introduced into human cells and subsequently excreted are still the subject of research; their elucidation will enable us to better understand antimony toxicity and, hopefully, to improve the nature and delivery method of antimonial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyrios Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.P.); (A.-T.P.); (I.A.B.); (C.C.)
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (C.S.)
| | - Aristodemos-Theodoros Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.P.); (A.-T.P.); (I.A.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Andreea-Elena Scheau
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ioana Anca Badarau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.P.); (A.-T.P.); (I.A.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.P.); (A.-T.P.); (I.A.B.); (C.C.)
- Department of Dermatology, Prof. N.C. Paulescu National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.P.); (A.-T.P.); (I.A.B.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (C.S.)
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Meng Y, Wang K, Wang T, Tu Y, Gong S, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Au W, Christiani DC, Xia ZL. Early occupational exposure to lead on neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and genotoxicity. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 151:106448. [PMID: 33618327 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead (Pb) is known to induce detrimental health effects in exposed populations, including hematotoxicity and genotoxicity. Complete blood count (CBC) is a cost-effective and easy way to determine toxicity, and variations in proportion of different types of leukocytes: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) are further evidence of hematotoxicity. However, few studies have been conducted to systematically evaluate effects of occupational Pb exposure on NLR and LMR, and their associations with genotoxicity. OBJECTIVES Our study was aimed to systematically assess the effects of current occupational Pb exposure on NLR and LMR, and their associations with genotoxicity. METHODS Our investigation was performed on 1176 workers from a newly built battery factory in North China. The workers had just entered their current job position in recent years and most of them had no previous history of occupational exposure to Pb. Blood lead levels (BLLs) and leukocytes indices were detected for all participants. Cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay (MN; n = 675) and alkaline comet assay (% tail DNA; n = 869) were used to assess genotoxicity. Multivariate linear and Poisson regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between leukocytes indices, genotoxic biomarkers and BLLs with adjustment for covariates. Spearman correlation and mediation analyses were used to investigate relationships between NLR and genotoxicity. RESULTS Among all the exposed workers, NLR increased with increasing BLLs. However, WBC and LMR did not change significantly. Significant and dose-dependent increases in both MN frequencies and % tail DNA were observed among groups with different exposure doses. Compared with the normal NLR group (1.48 ≤ NLR < 4.58), the high NLR group (NLR ≥ 4.58) had higher % tail DNA. In addition, there was a significant and positive association between NLR and % tail DNA among all the workers, and % tail DNA mediated 15% of the effect of Pb on increasing NLR. CONCLUSION Our large-scale population study shows that Pb exposure increased NLR and induced genotoxicity. There was an association between elevated NLR and DNA damage. In addition, the mediation effect of % tail DNA on the relationship between BLLs and NLR provided mechanistic evidence that certain mechanisms, e.g. inflammation, may be involved in elevation of NLR from Pb exposure. Therefore, NLR may be a convenient and sensitive biomarker for indication of Pb toxicity. Further studies are needed to validate the proposed mechanism and NLR as a biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Meng
- Department of Occupational Health & Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Occupational Health & Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tuanwei Wang
- Department of Occupational Health & Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuting Tu
- Department of Occupational Health & Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shiyang Gong
- Department of Occupational Health & Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health & Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - William Au
- University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Targu Mures, Romania, and University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - David C Christiani
- Environmental Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhao-Lin Xia
- Department of Occupational Health & Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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11
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Devóz PP, Reis MBD, Gomes WR, Maraslis FT, Ribeiro DL, Antunes LMG, Batista BL, Grotto D, Reis RM, Barbosa F, Barcelos GRM. Adaptive epigenetic response of glutathione (GSH)-related genes against lead (Pb)-induced toxicity, in individuals chronically exposed to the metal. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:128758. [PMID: 33143897 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that one of the most outstanding adverse effects related to lead (Pb) exposure is oxidative stress; moreover, recent findings suggest that disturbances of the redox status of cells are associated with epigenetic responses, and metabolism of glutathione (GSH) plays an important role in this process. This study aimed to assess Pb exposure on % methylation of GSH-related genes' promoter regions (%CH3-CpG) and their influence on biomarkers of oxidative stress, in workers exposed to the metal. One hundred nine male workers participated in the study; ICP-MS determined blood lead levels (BLL); biochemical parameters related to redox status, named GSH, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were quantified by UV/Vis spectrophotometry. Determination of %CH3-CpG of genes GCLC, GPX1, GSR, and GSTP1 were done by pyrosequencing. Inverse associations were seen between BLL and %CH3-CpG-GCLC, and %CH3-CpG-GSTP1. Moreover, metal exposure did not impact GSH, GPX, and GST; however, negative associations were observed between %CH3-CpG-GPX1 and %CH3-CpG-GSTP1, and the activities of GPX and GST, respectively. Taken together, our results give further evidence about adaptive epigenetic response to avoid oxidative damage induced by Pb exposure, allowing a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms related to the metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pícoli Devóz
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café S/n, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Bisarro Dos Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela 1331, CEP 14784-400, Barretos, SP, Brazil
| | - Willian Robert Gomes
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café S/n, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Flora Troina Maraslis
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Avenida Ana Costa 95, CEP 11060-001, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego Luis Ribeiro
- Departament of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes 3900, CEP 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lusânia Maria Greggi Antunes
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café S/n, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lemos Batista
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Avenida Dos Estados 5001, CEP 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise Grotto
- University of Sorocaba, Rodovia Raposo Tavares km 92.5, CEP 18023-000, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela 1331, CEP 14784-400, Barretos, SP, Brazil; Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Gualtar Campus, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Gualtar Campus, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café S/n, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Rafael Mazzaron Barcelos
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Avenida Ana Costa 95, CEP 11060-001, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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12
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Wang T, Tu Y, Wang K, Gong S, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Meng Y, Wang T, Li A, Cui J, Liu H, Tang W, Xi J, Cao Y, Luan Y, Christiani DC, Au W, Xia ZL. Associations of blood lead levels with multiple genotoxic biomarkers among workers in China: A population-based study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 273:116181. [PMID: 33508628 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carcinogenic effects from low doses of lead (Pb) exposure to populations have been suspected but not concluded. Therefore, a large-scale cross-sectional study was conducted by us to investigate genotoxic effects from Pb exposure during 2016-2018 in North China. Blood lead levels (BLLs) and cumulative blood lead levels (CBLLs) were measured. Multiple relevant biomarkers were used to assess genotoxicity of Pb: mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn, n = 871), Comet Tail Intensity (n = 872), γ-H2AX (n = 345), relative telomere length (rTL, n = 757), micronuclei (MN, n = 934) and phosphatidylinositol glycan class A mutation (PIG-A, n = 362). The BLL data show right-skewed distribution, with increase of the median (P25, P75) from 17.4 (8.9, 26.4) μg/dl in 2016 to 18.5 (10.5, 27.2) μg/dl in 2017, and to 20.8 (11.3, 31.0) μg/dl in 2018. Multivariate regression analyses show that mtDNAcn was non-linearly associated with BLLs or CBLLs, i.e. decreased at low levels but increased at the higher levels. Comet and Micronuclei data show positive dose-response relationships with BLLs as well as CBLLs. γ-H2AX data show an overall increased trend with BLLs while rTL data show a shortening trend. No associations were found for PIG-A mutation with Pb exposure. Our findings indicate that current low dose exposure to Pb can still cause health hazards to occupational populations, and the mechanism may be via the induction of DNA & chromosome damage rather than via the mutagenesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuanwei Wang
- Department of Occupational Health & Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuting Tu
- Department of Occupational Health & Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Occupational Health & Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shiyang Gong
- Department of Occupational Health & Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health & Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Meng
- Department of Occupational Health & Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tongshuai Wang
- Department of Occupational Health & Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Anqi Li
- Department of Occupational Health & Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junpeng Cui
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, 601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Weifeng Tang
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jing Xi
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yiyi Cao
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yang Luan
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - David C Christiani
- Environmental Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William Au
- George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Targu Mures, Romania, And University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Zhao-Lin Xia
- Department of Occupational Health & Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 130 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
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13
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Cao Y, Wang T, Xi J, Zhang G, Wang T, Liu W, You X, Zhang X, Xia Z, Luan Y. PIG-A gene mutation as a genotoxicity biomarker in human population studies: An investigation in lead-exposed workers. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2020; 61:611-621. [PMID: 32285465 DOI: 10.1002/em.22373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The rodent Pig-a gene mutation assay has demonstrated remarkable sensitivity in identifying in vivo mutagens, while much less is known about the value of the human PIG-A assay for risk assessment. To obtain more evidence of its potential as a predictive biomarker for carcinogen exposure, we investigated PIG-A mutant frequencies (MFs), along with performing the Comet assay and micronucleus (MN) test, in 267 workers occupationally exposed to lead. Multivariate Poisson regression showed that total red blood cell PIG-A MFs were significantly higher in lead-exposed workers (10.90 ± 10.7 × 10-6 ) than in a general population that we studied previously (5.25 ± 3.6 × 10-6 ) (p < .0001). In contrast, there was no increase in lymphocyte MN frequency or in DNA damage as measured by percentage comet tail intensity in whole blood cells. Current year worker blood lead levels (BLL), an exposure biomarker, were elevated (232.6 ± 104.6 μg/L, median: 225.4 μg/L); a cumulative blood lead index (CBLI) also was calculated based on a combination of current and historical worker BLL data. Chi-square testing indicated that PIG-A MFs were significantly related to CBLI (p = .0249), but independent of current year BLL (p = .4276). However, % comet tail intensity and MN frequencies were better associated with current year BLL than CBLI. This study indicates that the PIG-A assay could serve as biomarker to detect the genotoxic effects of lead exposure and demonstrates that a battery of genotoxicity biomarkers having mechanistic complementarity may be useful for comprehensively monitoring human carcinogenic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Cao
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tuanwei Wang
- Department of Occupational Health & Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xi
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
| | - Tongshuai Wang
- Department of Occupational Health & Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiying Liu
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue You
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - XinYu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaolin Xia
- Department of Occupational Health & Toxicology, School of Public Health, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Luan
- School of Public Health, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Aghaei M, Kianfar AH, Dinari M. Synthesis and characterization of a novel Schiff base polyamide ligand and its copper(II) complex for comparative removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-020-2007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Sharma A, Kapoor D, Wang J, Shahzad B, Kumar V, Bali AS, Jasrotia S, Zheng B, Yuan H, Yan D. Chromium Bioaccumulation and Its Impacts on Plants: An Overview. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E100. [PMID: 31941115 PMCID: PMC7020214 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is an element naturally occurring in rocky soils and volcanic dust. It has been classified as a carcinogen agent according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Therefore, this metal needs an accurate understanding and thorough investigation in soil-plant systems. Due to its high solubility, Cr (VI) is regarded as a hazardous ion, which contaminates groundwater and can be transferred through the food chain. Cr also negatively impacts the growth of plants by impairing their essential metabolic processes. The toxic effects of Cr are correlated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause oxidative stress in plants. The current review summarizes the understanding of Cr toxicity in plants via discussing the possible mechanisms involved in its uptake, translocation and sub-cellular distribution, along with its interference with the other plant metabolic processes such as chlorophyll biosynthesis, photosynthesis and plant defensive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Dhriti Kapoor
- School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Junfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Babar Shahzad
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7005, Australia
| | - Vinod Kumar
- State Higher Education Department, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
| | | | - Shivam Jasrotia
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Huwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Daoliang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Raj D, Maiti SK. Sources, bioaccumulation, health risks and remediation of potentially toxic metal(loid)s (As, Cd, Cr, Pb and Hg): an epitomised review. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:108. [PMID: 31927632 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-8060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The release of potentially toxic metal(loid)s (PTMs) such as As, Cd, Cr, Pb and Hg has become a serious threat to the environment. The anthropogenic contribution of these PTMs, especially Hg, is increasing continuously, and coal combustion in thermal power plants (TPPs) is considered to be the highest contributor of PTMs. Once entered into the environment, PTMs get deposited on the soil, which is the most important sink of these PTMs. This review centred on the sources of PTMs from coal and flyash and their enrichment in soil, chemical behaviour in soil and plant, bioaccumulation in trees and vegetables, health risk and remediation. Several remediation techniques (physical and chemical) have been used to minimise the PTMs level in soil and water, but the phytoremediation technique is the most commonly used technique for the effective removal of PTMs from contaminated soil and water. Several plant species like Brassica juncea, Pteris vittata and Helianthus annuus are proved to be the most potential candidate for the PTMs removal. Among all the PTMs, the occurrence of Hg in coal is a global concern due to the significant release of Hg into the atmosphere from coal-fired thermal power plants. Therefore, the Hg removal from pre-combustion (coal washing and demercuration techniques) coal is very essential to reduce the possibility of Hg release to the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep Raj
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826 004, India
| | - Subodh Kumar Maiti
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826 004, India.
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Kohli SK, Handa N, Bali S, Khanna K, Arora S, Sharma A, Bhardwaj R. Current Scenario of Pb Toxicity in Plants: Unraveling Plethora of Physiological Responses. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 249:153-197. [PMID: 30900073 DOI: 10.1007/398_2019_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is an extremely toxic metal for all living forms including plants. It enters plants through roots from soil or soil solution. It is considered as one of the most eminent examples of anthropogenic environmental pollutant added in environment through mining and smelting of lead ores, coal burning, waste from battery industries, leaded paints, metal plating, and automobile exhaust. Uptake of Pb in plants is a nonselective process and is driven by H+/ATPases. Translocation of Pb metal ions occurs by apoplastic movement resulting in deposition of metal ions in the endodermis and is further transported by symplastic movement. Plants exposed to high concentration of Pb show toxic symptoms due to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through Fenton-Haber-Weiss reaction. ROS include superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide, which reach to macro- and micro-cellular levels in the plant cells and cause oxidative damage. Plant growth and plethora of biochemical and physiological attributes including plant growth, water status, photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidative defense system, phenolic compounds, metal chelators, osmolytes, and redox status are adversely influenced by Pb toxicity. Plants respond to toxic levels of Pb in varied ways such as restricted uptake of metal, chelation of metal ions to the root endodermis, enhancement in activity of antioxidative defense, alteration in metal transporters expression, and involvement of plant growth regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
| | - Neha Handa
- Department of Botany, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Shagun Bali
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Kanika Khanna
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
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Oladele EO, Adewumi OO, Yahaya T, Taiwo IA. Response of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean L.) and Maize (Zea mays L.) to heavy metal stress. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-019-0024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundPlants are usually the target of environmental pollution. This study, therefore, investigates the effects of Zinc (Zn) and lead Pb on Bambara nut (Vigna subterranean) and Maize (Zea mays) at different concentrations, as well as the possible ameliorating effect of the chelant; ethylene diamine acetate (EDTA) and farmyard manure, on the enzymatic activities, the chlorophyll, total protein, and carbohydrate contents.ResultsFindings revealed that Pb and Zn increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase, glutathione synthetase (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase levels with increased concentrations from 100 mg/kg to 200 mg/kg significantly (p< 0.05) compared to the control Maize plants. While in Bambara nut, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase, glutathione synthetase (GSH), and catalase levels decreased with increased concentrations from 100 mg/kg to 200 mg/kg compared to control except for the malondialdehyde (MDA) which was increased. For Bambara groundnut, with increased Pb concentrations, the chlorophyll content reduced from 2.94 to 2.00 mg/g. However, there was an increase (up to 4.918 mg/g) in the chlorophyll content with increased zinc nitrate concentrations augmented with EDTA at the highest concentration. Maize plants treated with Pb augmented with farmyard manure showed an increase in chlorophyll content with increased concentrations while those assisted with EDTA still experienced a decrease as metal concentrations increased. Bambara groundnut plant had a mean carbohydrate (%) of 14.79 (control), 17.60 (100 mg/kg of Pb concentration) and 11.20 (200 mg/kg of Pb concentration), indicating a decrease in carbohydrate content with increased Pb concentrations. The same trend was observed for the different Zn and Pb concentrations on the mean total proteins and carbohydrates of both test plants. Generally, Pb and Zn induced oxidative stress in treated plants.ConclusionsElevated activity of anti-oxidative enzymes can assist as important components of antioxidative defense mechanism against oxidative damage. The results of this study could be beneficial in the understanding of the role of the defense system as well as the detoxification mechanism ofVigna subterraneanandZea maysin efficient tolerance and response to Pb and Zn. This signifies that these plants can act as bioindicators in environmental quality assessment.
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Araujo RS, Oliveira AC, Sousa FCB, Dourado LRB, Guimarães SEF, Silva W, Biagiotti D, Bayão GFV, Sousa KRS. Effects of cottonseed oil and ferrous sulfate on the performance and expression of antioxidant enzymes in broilers. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3860-3869. [PMID: 30877746 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming to reduce feed costs, cottonseed oil (CSO) has been used as an alternative component in diets for broilers. However, this oil contains gossypol, an antinutritional agent that impacts the use of mineral elements, inhibits glucose uptake, and has a direct inhibitory action on intestinal enzymes. Nevertheless, toxic effects of gossypol can be prevented by the addition of iron salts, such as ferrous sulfate (FS), to the diet. This work was conducted to evaluate performance and gene expression of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the intestines of 21- and 42-day-old broilers fed 0, 2, 4, or 6% concentrations of CSO, with or without FS. All CSO diets led to weight gain (WG) at 21 D. At 42 D, an increase in WG and a decrease in feed conversion (FCR) in the diets containing FS were observed. In 21-day-old birds supplemented with 4% CSO and FS, an increase in GPx gene expression was observed when compared to the 6% level. Animals (42 day old) supplemented with 6% CSO and FS presented greater expression of SOD gene when compared to 2% CSO and FS. In addition, a higher GPx expression in broilers supplemented with 6% CSO and FS compared to 6% CSO without FS was achieved. In conclusion, including CSO in the diets of broiler favors WG in animals at 21 D of age, independent of the presence or absence of FS; and including 4% CSO and FS in the diet of these animals alters the expression of the GPx gene in the intestine, so it is not necessary to add FS at 21 D. On the other hand, in 42-day-old broilers, the addition of FS is indicated, due to increases WG, decreased FCR and at the 6% CSO level without FS increase in the expression of the SOD and GPx genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Araujo
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Prof ª Cinobelina Elvas, 64900-000, Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil
| | - A C Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Prof ª Cinobelina Elvas, 64900-000, Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil
| | - F C B Sousa
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Prof ª Cinobelina Elvas, 64900-000, Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil
| | - L R B Dourado
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Prof ª Cinobelina Elvas, 64900-000, Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil
| | - S E F Guimarães
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36900-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - W Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36900-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - D Biagiotti
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Prof ª Cinobelina Elvas, 64900-000, Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil
| | - G F V Bayão
- Department of Animal Science, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão, 65095-460, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - K R S Sousa
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 65500-000, Chapadinha, MA, Brazil
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Makowski W, Tokarz B, Banasiuk R, Królicka A, Dziurka M, Wojciechowska R, Tokarz KM. Is a blue-red light a good elicitor of phenolic compounds in the family Droseraceae? A comparative study. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 201:111679. [PMID: 31710926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Plants from the family Droseraceae, especially Drosera sp. and Dionaea sp., are naturally rich in phenolic derivatives such as plumbagin, among others. Plumbagin is known both for its pharmacological significance and its protective properties against light stress. Light stress - high light intensity or/and light spectral composition - activates plants' response mechanisms including, among others, hormonal (salicylic acid, jasmonic acid) pathways and secondary metabolite (phenolic compounds, proline) pathways. Short-wavelength radiation, due to its high energy, will induce the synthesis of protective secondary metabolites, including those with pharmaceutical properties. The aim of the study was to describe and compare acclimation strategies of Drosera peltata and Dionaea muscipula to blue-red light in the context of phenolic compound accumulation, and salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and proline synthesis. For the first time, differences in the responses of D. muscipula and D. peltata to blue-red light (in the ratio 6:1) were established. In Dionaea sp., it was associated with the use of redox equivalents (in particular, plastoquinone pool) for the synthesis of primary metabolites used in the process of growth and development. In Drosera sp., a rapid adjustment of redox state led to the synthesis of secondary metabolites, constituting a reservoir of carbon skeletons and allowing for a quick defence response to stress factors. In both species, blue-red light did not induce the jasmonic acid pathway. However, the salicylic acid pathway was induced as an alternative to the phenolic compound synthesis pathway. Nevertheless, the applied blue-red light was not an effective elicitor of phenolic compounds in the plants examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Makowski
- Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Tokarz
- Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Rafał Banasiuk
- Institute of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Trzy Lipy 3, 80-172 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Królicka
- University of Gdansk, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG and MUG, Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michał Dziurka
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Science, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Renata Wojciechowska
- Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof M Tokarz
- Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland.
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Nitric Oxide Enhances Cytotoxicity of Lead by Modulating the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Is Involved in the Regulation of Pb 2+ and Ca 2+ Fluxes in Tobacco BY-2 Cells. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8100403. [PMID: 31600951 PMCID: PMC6843202 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lead is a heavy metal known to be toxic to both animals and plants. Nitric oxide (NO) was reported to participate in plant responses to different heavy metal stresses. In this study, we analyzed the function of exogenous and endogenous NO in Pb-induced toxicity in tobacco BY-2 cells, focusing on the role of NO in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as Pb2+ and Ca2+ fluxes using non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT). Pb treatment induced BY-2 cell death and rapid NO and ROS generation, while NO burst occurred earlier than ROS accumulation. The elimination of NO by 2-4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO) resulted in a decrease of ROS, and the supplementation of NO by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) caused an increased accumulation of ROS. Furthermore, the addition of exogenous NO stimulated Pb2+ influx, thus promoting Pb uptake in cells and aggravating Pb-induced toxicity in cells, whereas the removal of endogenous NO produced the opposite effect. Moreover, we also found that both exogenous and endogenous NO enhanced Pb-induced Ca2+ effluxes and calcium homeostasis disorder. These results suggest that exogenous and endogenous NO played a critical regulatory role in BY-2 cell death induced by Pb stress by promoting Pb2+ influx and accumulation and disturbing calcium homeostasis.
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Bassegio C, Campagnolo MA, Schwantes D, Gonçalves Junior AC, Manfrin J, Schiller ADP, Bassegio D. Growth and accumulation of Pb by roots and shoots of Brassica juncea L. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2019; 22:134-139. [PMID: 31379204 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1647406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, different soil Pb concentrations [24 (control), 80, 136, 362, and 1150 mg kg-1] were used to analyze the tolerance threshold and accumulation potential of Brassica juncea L. in a pot experiment under greenhouse conditions. In addition to growth and Pb accumulation, the following contamination indices were calculated: transfer coefficient (TC), translocation factor (TF), and tolerance index (TI). Growth and Pb accumulation were determined at 60 days after emergence. The Pb concentrations were determined using the flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The plant height was affected by soil Pb contamination, and it decreased from 1.37 to 0.83 m when the soil Pb concentration increased from 24 (control) to 1150 mg kg-1, respectively. The Pb concentration in the shoots and roots increased as the Pb concentration in the soil increased, reaching 94 mg kg-1 in shoots and 783 mg kg-1 in roots when was grown under 1150 mg kg-1 of Pb. TF was <1 at all levels of contamination. The TI values suggested that B. juncea presented Pb tolerance in Pb contaminated soils. Our findings indicate that B. juncea has the potential to accumulate Pb in soil under tropical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiane Bassegio
- Department of Energy Engineering in Agriculture, State University of Western Paraná, UNIOESTE, Cascavel, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Schwantes
- Department of Plant Science, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Macul, Chile
| | | | - Jéssica Manfrin
- Department of Agrarian Sciences, State University of Western Paraná, UNIOESTE, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Brazil
| | - Andreia da Paz Schiller
- Department of Agrarian Sciences, State University of Western Paraná, UNIOESTE, Marechal Cândido Rondon, Brazil
| | - Doglas Bassegio
- Department of Energy Engineering in Agriculture, State University of Western Paraná, UNIOESTE, Cascavel, Brazil
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23
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Hopf NB, Bolognesi C, Danuser B, Wild P. Biological monitoring of workers exposed to carcinogens using the buccal micronucleus approach: A systematic review and meta-analysis. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 781:11-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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24
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Kohli SK, Bali S, Tejpal R, Bhalla V, Verma V, Bhardwaj R, Alqarawi AA, Abd Allah EF, Ahmad P. In-situ localization and biochemical analysis of bio-molecules reveals Pb-stress amelioration in Brassica juncea L. by co-application of 24-Epibrassinolide and Salicylic Acid. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3524. [PMID: 30837530 PMCID: PMC6401096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39712-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) toxicity is a major environmental concern affirming the need of proper mitigation strategies. In the present work, potential of combined treatment of 24-Epibrassinolide (24-EBL) and Salicylic acid (SA) against Pb toxicity to Brassica juncea L. seedlings were evaluated. Seedlings pre-imbibed in EBL (0.1 mM) and SA (1 mM) individually and in combination, were sown in Pb supplemented petri-plates (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mM). Various microscopic observations and biochemical analysis were made on 10 days old seedlings of B. juncea. The toxic effects of Pb were evident with enhancement in in-situ accumulation of Pb, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), nuclear damage, membrane damage, cell death and polyamine. Furthermore, free amino acid were lowered in response to Pb toxicity. The levels of osmoprotectants including total carbohydrate, reducing sugars, trehalose, proline and glycine betaine were elevated in response to Pb treatment. Soaking treatment with combination of 24-EBL and SA led to effective amelioration of toxic effects of Pb. Reduction in Pb accumulation, reactive oxygen content (ROS), cellular damage and GSH levels were noticed in response to treatment with 24-EBL and SA individual and combined levels. The contents of free amino acid, amino acid profiling as well as in-situ localization of polyamine (spermidine) was recorded to be enhanced by co-application of 24-EBLand SA. Binary treatment of 24-EBL and SA, further elevated the content of osmoprotectants. The study revealed that co-application of combined treatment of 24-EBL and SA led to dimination of toxic effects of Pb in B. juncea seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Shagun Bali
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Ruchi Tejpal
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Vandana Bhalla
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Vinod Verma
- Department of Botany, DAV University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144012, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| | - A A Alqarawi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, 190001, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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25
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Piwowarczyk B, Tokarz K, Muszyńska E, Makowski W, Jędrzejczyk R, Gajewski Z, Hanus-Fajerska E. The acclimatization strategies of kidney vetch (Anthyllis vulneraria L.) to Pb toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:19739-19752. [PMID: 29736650 PMCID: PMC6061510 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Kidney vetch (Anthyllis vulneraria L.) is a well-known Zn hyperaccumulator. Zn often occurs with Pb in one ore; thus, plants inhabiting waste dumps are exposed not only to Zn but also to Pb toxicity. While the response of kidney vetch to Zn toxicity is relatively well known, the Pb survival strategy of Anthyllis vulneraria has not been the subject of investigations. The aim of presented research was to determine the survival strategy of kidney vetch exposed to high lead concentrations. Shoot explants of a calamine kidney vetch ecotype were placed on agar media containing 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mM Pb. Morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses, in particular photosynthetic apparatus of plantlets, were examined. The most pronounced changes were observed in plants grown on media supplemented with 1.5 mM Pb after 8 weeks of culture. Increased dry weight and high lead accumulation were observed in roots. Similarly, in shoots, increased dry weight and a decreased number of newly formed shoots were recorded. The accumulation of lead was many times lower in shoots than in roots. In leaf cells' ultra-structure, looser arrangement of chloroplast thylakoid grana was observed. Despite the decrease in chlorophyll a and carotenoid content, the photosynthetic apparatus remained efficient due to the lack of photoinhibition and increased electron transport rate beyond photosystem II (PSII). For the first time, an acclimatization mechanism based on maintaining the high efficiency of photosynthetic apparatus resulting from increasing of electron transport rate was described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Piwowarczyk
- Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Tokarz
- Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Ewa Muszyńska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Nowoursynowska 159/37, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Makowski
- Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Kraków, Poland
| | - Roman Jędrzejczyk
- Bioremediation Department, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Gajewski
- Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Hanus-Fajerska
- Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Kraków, Poland
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Yu LB, Tu YT, Huang JW, Zhang YN, Zheng GQ, Xu XW, Wang JW, Xiao JQ, Christiani DC, Xia ZL. Hypermethylation of CpG islands is associated with increasing chromosomal damage in chinese lead-exposed workers. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2018; 59:549-556. [PMID: 29761860 DOI: 10.1002/em.22194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lead is a widely existing environmental pollutant with potential carcinogenicity. To investigate the association of blood lead level (B-Pb) with potential chromosomal damage and cancer, we analyzed micronucleus (MN) frequency of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and the methylation status of six human tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) post lead exposure. In the study, 147 lead-exposed workers were divided into two groups according to their B-Pb P50 value, with other 50 lead-unexposed workers as a control group. The cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay was performed to detect chromosomal damage of PBLs of both lead-exposed and -unexposed workers. The methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP-PCR) was further used to examine the methylation status of six TSGs (GSTP1, hMLH1, MGMT, p14, p15, and p16). Results showed that MN frequencies of high B-Pb workers 8.1 ± 3.1‰ and low B-Pb workers 5.7 ± 2.3‰ were significantly higher than that of control group 2.8 ± 1.9‰ (P < 0.01), while the MN frequency of high B-Pb workers was also higher than that of the low B-Pb workers (P < 0.01). The MN frequency in PBLs of lead-exposed group with the methylated TSGs was significantly higher than that in PBLs with the unmethylated TSGs (P < 0.05). Notably, the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) correlated with chromosome damage (P < 0.05). Additionally, workers with high B-Pb had higher chromosome damage than those with low B-Pb (P < 0.05). Taken altogether, the results suggest that lead-exposed workers with CIMP positive and high B-Pb have a higher risk of being vulnerable to tumorigenesis. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:549-556, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bo Yu
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, and Key laboratory of Public Health and Safety of Ministry of Education of China, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu-Ting Tu
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, and Key laboratory of Public Health and Safety of Ministry of Education of China, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing-Wen Huang
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, and Key laboratory of Public Health and Safety of Ministry of Education of China, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, and Key laboratory of Public Health and Safety of Ministry of Education of China, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guo-Qiao Zheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, and Key laboratory of Public Health and Safety of Ministry of Education of China, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Xu
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, and Key laboratory of Public Health and Safety of Ministry of Education of China, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jin-Wei Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, and Key laboratory of Public Health and Safety of Ministry of Education of China, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jean Qin Xiao
- Waterfront Medical Service/Valley Health System P.O. Box 1378, Ridgewood, NJ 07451
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
| | - Zhao-Lin Xia
- Department of Occupational Health and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, and Key laboratory of Public Health and Safety of Ministry of Education of China, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Ashraf U, Hussain S, Akbar N, Anjum SA, Hassan W, Tang X. Water management regimes alter Pb uptake and translocation in fragrant rice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 149:128-134. [PMID: 29156304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rice cultivation in lead (Pb) polluted soils often leads to high Pb contents in rice grains. The present study investigated the dynamics of Pb uptake under different water regimes in two fragrant rice cultivars i.e., Guixiangzhan and Nongxiang-18. Results revealed that water dynamics regulated the antioxidant activities in both rice cultivars under Pb toxicity. Compared to continuous ponding (CP), taken as control, alternate wetting and drying (AWD) reduced the Pb contents in roots, stems, leaves, and grains up to 17%, 41%, 22%, and 52% in Guixiangzhan and 23%, 19%, 17%, and 37% in Nongxiang-18, respectively. Furthermore, AWD-treatments reduced paddy yield from 11% to 21% in Guixiangzhan and 11-33% in Nongxiang-18 under Pb toxicity. In conclusion, Pb loadings in fragrant rice can be regulated by effective water management and/or by controlling irrigation water at different growth stages. Special control measures or management is required to cultivate the rice in metal(loid)s polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Ashraf
- Department of Crop science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Akbar
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmad Anjum
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | | | - Xiangru Tang
- Department of Crop science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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28
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Roy A, Kordas K. The Relation Between Low-Level Lead Exposure and Oxidative Stress: a Review of the Epidemiological Evidence in Children and Non-Occupationally Exposed Adults. Curr Environ Health Rep 2018; 3:478-492. [PMID: 27726071 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-016-0115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies in animals and observational studies in occupationally exposed adults indicate that higher lead exposure results in higher biomarkers of oxidative stress. However, this evidence cannot be extended to the general population who typically experience lower levels of lead exposure. This systematic review evaluates the epidemiological evidence on the association between lead and oxidative stress in non-occupationally exposed general population, with a particular focus on the pediatric population. Studies were identified through a systematic search of Medline and Web of Science. Ultimately, evidence from 15 studies conducted in children and 22 studies in adults from the general population was reviewed. Overall, the published findings are inconsistent, and there are very few well-designed studies on the relation between lead exposure and oxidative stress in the general population. The strength of the current evidence is discussed in light of the methodological approaches employed, and recommendations are made for future research directions. These include designing prospective studies with repeat measurements of clinically relevant oxidative stress markers to answer the question of causality and sensitive windows and reanalyzing previously published data, but using multivariable statistical approaches and adjustment for relevant explanatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Roy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, Center for Asthma and Environmental Health Research, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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29
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Akram Z, Riaz S, Kayani MA, Jahan S, Ahmad MW, Ullah MA, Wazir H, Mahjabeen I. Lead induces DNA damage and alteration of ALAD and antioxidant genes mRNA expression in construction site workers. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2018; 74:171-178. [PMID: 29336731 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2018.1428523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and DNA damage are considered as possible mechanisms involved in lead toxicity. To test this hypothesis, DNA damage and expression variations of aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), and 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 2a (OGG1-2a) genes was studied in a cohort of 100 exposed workers and 100 controls with comet assay and real-time polymerse chain reaction (PCR). Results indicated that increased number of comets was observed in exposed workers versus controls (p < 0.001). After qPCR analysis, significant down-regulation in ALAD (p < 0.0001), SOD2 (p < 0.0001), and OGG1-2a (p < 0.0001) level was observed in exposed workers versus controls. Additionally, a positive spearmen correlation was observed between ALAD versus SOD2 (r = 0.402**, p < 0.001), ALAD versus OGG1-2a (r = 0.235*, p < 0.05), and SOD2 versus OGG1-2a (r = 0.292*, p < 0.05). This study showed that lead exposure induces DNA damage, which is accompanied by an elevated intensity of oxidative stress and expression variation of lead-related gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zertashia Akram
- a Department of Biosciences , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Riaz
- a Department of Biosciences , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Akhtar Kayani
- a Department of Biosciences , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Sarwat Jahan
- b Department of Animal Sciences , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Malik Waqar Ahmad
- a Department of Biosciences , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abaid Ullah
- a Department of Biosciences , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Islamabad , Pakistan
- c Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University , Multan , Pakistan
| | - Hizbullah Wazir
- b Department of Animal Sciences , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Ishrat Mahjabeen
- d Cancer Genetics & Epigenetics Lab, Department of Biosciences , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Islamabad , Pakistan
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Kaur Kohli S, Handa N, Bali S, Arora S, Sharma A, Kaur R, Bhardwaj R. Modulation of antioxidative defense expression and osmolyte content by co-application of 24-epibrassinolide and salicylic acid in Pb exposed Indian mustard plants. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:382-393. [PMID: 28881317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The study focuses on potential of combined pre-soaking treatment of 24-Epibrassinolide (EBL) and Salicylic acid (SA) in alleviating Pb phytotoxicity in Brassica juncea L. plants. The seeds after treatment with combination of both the hormones were sown in mixture of soil, sand and manure (3:1:1) and were exposed to Pb concentrations (0.25mM, 0.50mM and 0.75mM). After 30 days of growth, the plants were harvested and processed, for quantification of various metabolites. It was found that pre-sowing of seeds in combination of EBL and SA, mitigated the adverse effects of metal stress by modulating antioxidative defense response and enhanced osmolyte contents. Dry matter content and heavy metal tolerance index were enhanced in response to co-application of EBL and SA. The levels of superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde were lowered by the combined treatment of hormones. Enhancement in activities of guaiacol peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-s-transferase were recorded. Contents of glutathione, tocopherol and ascorbic acid were also enhanced in response to co-application of both hormones. Expression of POD, CAT, GR and GST1 genes were up-regulated whereas SOD gene was observed to be down-regulated. Contents of proline, trehalose and glycine betaine were also reported to be elevated as a result of treatment with EBL+SA. The results suggest that co-application of EBL+SA may play an imperative role in improving the antioxidative defense expression of B. juncea plants to combat the oxidative stress generated by Pb toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Neha Handa
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Shagun Bali
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Anket Sharma
- Department of Botany, DAV University, Sarmastpur, Jalandhar 144012, India
| | - Ravdeep Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, India.
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Leal-Alvarado DA, Estrella-Maldonado H, Sáenz-Carbonell L, Ramírez-Prado JH, Zapata-Pérez O, Santamaría JM. Genes coding for transporters showed a rapid and sharp increase in their expression in response to lead, in the aquatic fern (Salvinia minima Baker). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:1056-1064. [PMID: 29976008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Salvinia minima was assessed for its ability to accumulate lead (Pb) by exposing it to concentrations of 40µM Pb(NO3)2 during 24h. At the same time, the expression levels were quantified, of four genes coding for transporters: SmABCC (ABCC-MRP), SmATPase (ATPase-P3A), SmNhaD (Type-Na+/H+) and SmABCG (ABCG-WBC). In the absence of lead, S. minima had very low expression of those genes, when plants were exposed to the metal however, those genes showed a rapid (in just three hours or less) and sharp increase (up to 60 times) in their expression, particularly the SmNhaD (Type-Na+/H+) gene. This sharp increase in expression levels of the genes studied, occurred at the same time that the plant accumulated the highest content of lead in its tissues. The first two genes, are apparently implicated in detoxification and lead accumulation mechanisms, while the other two genes are apparently involved in maintaining cell balance (homeostatic control) and membrane integrity. Our results confirmed that S. minima is efficient for phytoremediation of water bodies contaminated by lead, as it is efficient in accumulating this metal in its tissues (bioconcentration factor; BCF) values greater than 1000, in short times of exposure. More importantly, our data on the expression profiles of four genes coding for transporters, represent a first sight scenario of the molecular basis for understanding the different mechanism of detoxification, apparently present in this aquatic fern.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Leal-Alvarado
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - H Estrella-Maldonado
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - L Sáenz-Carbonell
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - J H Ramírez-Prado
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Omar Zapata-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Unidad Mérida, Km. 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex, 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - J M Santamaría
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Ladeira C, Smajdova L. The use of genotoxicity biomarkers in molecular epidemiology: applications in environmental, occupational and dietary studies. AIMS GENETICS 2017; 4:166-191. [PMID: 31435507 PMCID: PMC6690241 DOI: 10.3934/genet.2017.3.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Molecular epidemiology is an approach increasingly used in the establishment of associations between exposure to hazardous substances and development of disease, including the possible modulation by genetic susceptibility factors. Environmental chemicals and contaminants from anthropogenic pollution of air, water and soil, but also originating specifically in occupational contexts, are potential sources of risk of development of disease. Also, diet presents an important role in this process, with some well characterized associations existing between nutrition and some types of cancer. Genotoxicity biomarkers allow the detection of early effects that result from the interaction between the individual and the environment; they are therefore important tools in cancer epidemiology and are extensively used in human biomonitoring studies. This work intends to give an overview of the potential for genotoxic effects assessment, specifically with the cytokinesis blocked micronucleus assay and comet assay in environmental and occupational scenarios, including diet. The plasticity of these techniques allows their inclusion in human biomonitoring studies, adding important information with the ultimate aim of disease prevention, in particular cancer, and so it is important that they be included as genotoxicity assays in molecular epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Ladeira
- Environment and Health Research Group, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa-Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa (ESTeSL-IPL), Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal.,Grupo de Investigação em Genética e Metabolismo, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa-Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa (ESTeSL-IPL), Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública-Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, (CISP-ENSP), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lenka Smajdova
- Faculty of Social Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, United Kingdom
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Campos MAA, Fernandes APSM, André LC. Avaliação da exposição ocupacional ao benzeno em trabalhadores frentistas e analistas de combustíveis utilizando o Teste Cometa como biomarcador de genotoxicidade. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE OCUPACIONAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/2317-6369000118415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Introdução: frentistas e analistas de combustíveis estão expostos a vários compostos orgânicos voláteis presentes na gasolina, incluindo benzeno, que se destaca por sua importância toxicológica. Objetivo: avaliar a exposição ocupacional ao benzeno na gasolina, utilizando o Teste Cometa como biomarcador de genotoxicidade em comparação ao ácido trans,trans-mucônico urinário (AttM) como biomarcador de exposição ao benzeno. Métodos: estudo de corte transversal com análises de biomarcadores de exposição e de genotoxicidade em grupo de expostos ocupacionalmente ao benzeno através da gasolina e grupo controle. Resultados: o Teste Cometa mostrou uma média (desvio padrão) de índice de dano, expresso em unidades arbitrárias, no grupo exposto de 28,4 (10,1) significativamente mais elevado do que no grupo não-exposto, 18,4 (10,1). O AttM urinário, em mg/g de creatinina, foi significativamente maior no grupo exposto, 1,13 (0,45), em relação ao grupo não exposto, 0,44 (0,33). Os dois biomarcadores apresentaram boa correlação linear (r=0,81; p<0,05), indicando uma forte associação entre o biomarcador de exposição e o biomarcador de efeito. Conclusão: os resultados sugerem que uma maior exposição ocupacional ao benzeno está associada a um risco aumentado de dano genotóxico entre indivíduos expostos à gasolina.
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Hsieh NH, Chung SH, Chen SC, Chen WY, Cheng YH, Lin YJ, You SH, Liao CM. Anemia risk in relation to lead exposure in lead-related manufacturing. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:389. [PMID: 28476140 PMCID: PMC5420139 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lead-exposed workers may suffer adverse health effects under the currently regulated blood lead (BPb) levels. However, a probabilistic assessment about lead exposure-associated anemia risk is lacking. The goal of this study was to examine the association between lead exposure and anemia risk among factory workers in Taiwan. Methods We first collated BPb and indicators of hematopoietic function data via health examination records that included 533 male and 218 female lead-exposed workers between 2012 and 2014. We used benchmark dose (BMD) modeling to estimate the critical effect doses for detection of abnormal indicators. A risk-based probabilistic model was used to characterize the potential hazard of lead poisoning for job-specific workers by hazard index (HI). We applied Bayesian decision analysis to determine whether BMD could be implicated as a suitable BPb standard. Results Our results indicated that HI for total lead-exposed workers was 0.78 (95% confidence interval: 0.50–1.26) with risk occurrence probability of 11.1%. The abnormal risk of anemia indicators for male and female workers could be reduced, respectively, by 67–77% and 86–95% by adopting the suggested BPb standards of 25 and 15 μg/dL. Conclusions We conclude that cumulative exposure to lead in the workplace was significantly associated with anemia risk. This study suggests that current BPb standard needs to be better understood for the application of lead-exposed population protection in different scenarios to provide a novel standard for health management. Low-level lead exposure risk is an occupational and public health problem that should be paid more attention. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4315-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Hung Hsieh
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Shun-Hui Chung
- Institute of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Labor, New Taipei City, 22143, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Szu-Chieh Chen
- Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40242, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40242, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Yu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Hsien Cheng
- Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, 66506, USA
| | - Yi-Jun Lin
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Su-Han You
- National Environmental Health Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Min Liao
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC.
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El Shanawany S, Foda N, Hashad DI, Salama N, Sobh Z. The potential DNA toxic changes among workers exposed to antimony trioxide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:12455-12461. [PMID: 28361399 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8805-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to antimony has gained much interest when specific toxic effects were noticed among workers processing antimony. Thus, the aim of the present work was to investigate the potential DNA oxidative damage occurring among Egyptian workers occupationally exposed to antimony trioxide. The study was conducted on 25 subjects exposed to antimony trioxide while working in the polymerization process of polyester in Misrayon and Polyester Fiber Company, KafrEldawwar, Beheira, Egypt. Urinary antimony levels were assessed using inductive coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and considered as a biological exposure index. DNA damage and total oxidant capacity (TOC) were assessed using ELISA. DNA damage was detected in the form of increased apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites among antimony trioxide-exposed workers compared to control subjects, but it could not be explained by oxidative mechanisms due to lack of significant correlation between DNA damage and measured TOC. Antimony trioxide might have a genotoxic impact on occupationally exposed workers which could not be attributed to oxidative stress in the studied cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa El Shanawany
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nermine Foda
- Department of Industrial Medicine and Occupational Heath, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Doaa I Hashad
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Azarita, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Naglaa Salama
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Zahraa Sobh
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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Ferrante M, Ledda C, Oliveri Conti G, Fiore M, Rapisarda V, Copat C, Sole G, Terzo N, Travali S. Lead exposure and plasma mRNA expression in ERBB2 gene. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3361-3365. [PMID: 28339023 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic data for carcinogenicity in those exposed to lead (Pb) suggests relations with cancers although the totality of the evidence is inconsistent. Alterations in the expression of ERBB receptors have been studied during the development and malignant transformation of different kinds of human tumors where they induce proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis generation. Relevant clinical data demonstrate the role of ERBB2 receptors in the development and malignancy of human cancers. Therefore, the objective of the present investigation is to give more information on the link between plasma mRNA expression in ERBB2 gene and lead blood levels in a healthy population. Blood samples, socio‑demographic, exposure and health data were obtained from 48 healthy men. Real‑time polymerase chain reaction assays were performed to detect ERBB2 gene transcripts, ΔΔCt method was used to quantify gene expression. Pb blood level was assayed using high‑resolution sector field inductively coupled mass spectrometry and is expressed in µg/dl. Plasma mRNA expression in ERBB2 gene was 6.44±3.07 ΔΔCt; Pb blood levels was 16.07±6.74 µg/dl. Regression analysis revealed a significant association (r2=0.5345; p<0.0001) between Pb levels and mRNA expression in ERBB2. So far, it has still not been established if the expression of ERBB2 receptors is influenced by Pb exposure. On the base of the above reported data, we believe an in vitro study might be useful, to understand the molecular mechanisms implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Ferrante
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies 'G.F. Ingrassia', Section of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Caterina Ledda
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies 'G.F. Ingrassia', Section of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Fiore
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies 'G.F. Ingrassia', Section of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Copat
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgical and Advanced Technologies 'G.F. Ingrassia', Section of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, I‑95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sole
- ISAB S.r.l. ‑ Lukoil, I‑96010 Priolo Gargallo, Italy
| | - Nivea Terzo
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Travali
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, I‑95124 Catania, Italy
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Sharma R, Sarswat A, Pittman CU, Mohan D. Cadmium and lead remediation using magnetic and non-magnetic sustainable biosorbents derived from Bauhinia purpurea pods. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25295h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bauhinia purpurea (Kaniar) pods were dried, powdered, and utilized for cadmium and lead removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupa Sharma
- School of Environmental Sciences
- Jawaharlal Nehru University
- New Delhi 110067
- India
| | - Ankur Sarswat
- School of Environmental Sciences
- Jawaharlal Nehru University
- New Delhi 110067
- India
| | | | - Dinesh Mohan
- School of Environmental Sciences
- Jawaharlal Nehru University
- New Delhi 110067
- India
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Dobrakowski M, Pawlas N, Kasperczyk A, Kozłowska A, Olewińska E, Machoń-Grecka A, Kasperczyk S. Oxidative DNA damage and oxidative stress in lead-exposed workers. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:744-754. [PMID: 27596070 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116665674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There are many discrepancies among the results of studies on the genotoxicity of lead. The aim of the study was to explore lead-induced DNA damage, including oxidative damage, in relation to oxidative stress intensity parameters and the antioxidant defense system in human leukocytes. The study population consisted of 100 male workers exposed to lead. According to the blood lead (PbB) levels, they were divided into the following three subgroups: a group with PbB of 20-35 μg/dL (low exposure to lead (LE) group), a group with a PbB of 35-50 µg/dL (medium exposure to lead (ME) group), and a group with a PbB of >50 μg/dL (high exposure to lead (HE) group). The control group consisted of 42 healthy males environmentally exposed to lead (PbB < 10 μg/dL). A comet assay was used to measure the DNA damage in leukocytes. We measured the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) as well as the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), and the value of the total antioxidant capacity. The level of PbB was significantly higher in the examined subgroups than in the control group. The percentage of DNA in the tail was significantly higher in the LE, ME, and HE subgroups than in the control group by 10% ( p = 0.001), 15% ( p < 0.001), and 20% ( p < 0.001), respectively. The activity of GR was significantly lower in the LE and ME subgroups than in the control group by 25% ( p = 0.007) and 17% ( p = 0.028), respectively. The activity of G6PD was significantly lower in the ME subgroup by 25% ( p = 0.022), whereas the activity of GST was significantly higher in the HE subgroup by 101% ( p = 0.001) than in the control group. Similarly, the activity of SOD was significantly higher in the LE and ME subgroups by 48% ( p = 0.026) and 34% ( p = 0.002), respectively. The concentration of MDA was significantly higher in the LE, ME, and HE subgroups than in the control group by 43% ( p = 0.016), 57% ( p < 0.001), and 108% ( p < 0.001), respectively. Occupational lead exposure induces DNA damage, including oxidative damage, in human leukocytes. The increase in DNA damage was accompanied by an elevated intensity of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dobrakowski
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - N Pawlas
- 2 Department of Chemical Hazards and Genetic Toxicology, Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health in Sosnowiec, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - A Kasperczyk
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - A Kozłowska
- 2 Department of Chemical Hazards and Genetic Toxicology, Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health in Sosnowiec, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - E Olewińska
- 2 Department of Chemical Hazards and Genetic Toxicology, Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health in Sosnowiec, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - A Machoń-Grecka
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - S Kasperczyk
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Mahmoodi M, Soleyman-Jahi S, Zendehdel K, Mozdarani H, Azimi C, Farzanfar F, Safari Z, Mohagheghi MA, Khaleghian M, Divsalar K, Asgari E, Rezaei N. Chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges, and micronuclei in lymphocytes of oncology department personnel handling anti-neoplastic drugs. Drug Chem Toxicol 2016; 40:235-240. [PMID: 27461518 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2016.1209678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Concern exists regarding the possible hazards to the personnel handling anti-neoplastic drugs. The purpose of the present study was to assess the genotoxicity induced by anti-neoplastic agents in oncology department personnel. MATERIALS AND METHODS To do this, the frequency of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) induced in peripheral blood lymphocytes was assessed at G0 phase of the cell cycle using metaphase analysis, cytokinesis block-micronucleus (MN) assay and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay. These cytogenetic end points were measured among 71 nurses in oncology department and 10 drugstore personnel handling and preparing anti-neoplastic drugs. The results were compared to those of 74 matched nurses for age and sex not exposed to any anti-neoplastic agents. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the age of study subjects and control group (p > 0.05). The results showed that the mean frequency of cytogenetic damages in terms of CAs [chromatid breaks (p = 0.01), chromosome breaks (p = 0.005), total CAs (p = 0.001)], MN formation (p = 0.001), and SCE (p = 0.004) in lymphocytes of personnel handling anti-neoplastic drugs were significantly higher than those in control unexposed group. CONCLUSION Results of the present study demonstrate the cytogenetic damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of oncology department personnel. Suitable training and proper knowledge when handling anti-neoplastic drugs are emphasized to avoid potential health hazards caused by cytostatic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Mahmoodi
- a Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Saeed Soleyman-Jahi
- a Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Kazem Zendehdel
- a Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hossein Mozdarani
- b Department of Medical Genetics , Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Cyrus Azimi
- a Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Farideh Farzanfar
- a Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Zahra Safari
- c National Institute of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Mohagheghi
- a Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Malihea Khaleghian
- a Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Kouros Divsalar
- d Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran , and
| | - Esfandiar Asgari
- a Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- e Molecular Immunology Research Center; and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Jannuzzi AT, Alpertunga B. Evaluation of DNA damage and DNA repair capacity in occupationally lead-exposed workers. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 32:1859-1865. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233715590919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Occupational lead (Pb) exposure remains a significant concern for workers in Turkey. Health hazards of Pb exposure have been investigated in various test systems, but results regarding its potential genotoxic effects on exposed populations are contradictory. In this study, a control group and an exposed group were studied, each consisting of 25 male subjects. Blood lead levels (BLLs) were estimated by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Genotoxic effects of Pb exposure were studied in leukocytes by comet and challenge assays. The effect of Pb exposure to DNA repair capacity was evaluated following in vitro hydrogen peroxide exposure. Pb-exposed workers had significantly higher BLLs than the control group ( p < 0.01). DNA damage in exposed workers had a significantly higher percentage of DNA in tail than the control group ( p < 0.05). In the challenge assay, it was found that the mean DNA% repair capacity was significantly decreased in Pb-exposed workers ( p < 0.01). The results indicated that occupational Pb exposure is associated with DNA damage and causes decrease in DNA% repair capacity, indicating a potential health concern for occupationally Pb-exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Tarbin Jannuzzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Buket Alpertunga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazit, Istanbul, Turkey
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Nersesyan A, Kundi M, Waldherr M, Setayesh T, Mišík M, Wultsch G, Filipic M, Mazzaron Barcelos GR, Knasmueller S. Results of micronucleus assays with individuals who are occupationally and environmentally exposed to mercury, lead and cadmium. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 770:119-139. [PMID: 27894681 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Millions of humans are exposed occupationally and environmentally to lead, mercury and cadmium compounds. Mercury compounds are less abundant but some of them belong to the most toxic chemicals which are known. We evaluated the literature to find out if these metals act in humans as genotoxic carcinogens and if their health effects can be predicted by use of micronucleus (MN) assays with lymphocytes and/or with other genotoxicity tests. Numerous studies showed that lead and mercury induce cancer in humans and also in animals, in vitro experiments with cultured cells indicate that they cause DNA damage via different molecular mechanisms including release of reactive oxygen species and interactions with DNA repair processes. Also in most human studies, positive results were obtained in MN tests with lymphocytes (all 15 occupational studies with lead yielded positive results, with mercury 6 out of 7 investigations were positive). For cadmium, there is clear evidence that it causes cancer in humans; however, induction of chromosomal damage was only seen in high dose experiments with mammalian cells while results of animal and human studies yielded conflicting results (only in 2 of 5MN trials with humans positive findings were reported). Possibly, non-genotoxic mechanisms such as inhibition of apoptosis and interaction with signaling pathways account for the carcinogenic properties of cadmium species. The findings of MN studies with lead and mercury are in excellent agreement with results which were obtained with other endpoints (e.g. chromosomal aberrations and comet formations) and it is evident that this approach can be used for occupational and environmental monitoring of exposed individuals. Important future tasks will be the realization of larger studies with a uniform standardized protocol, the additional evaluation of anomalies other than MN (nuclear buds and bridges) and the combination of such trials with investigations which allow to define the molecular mechanisms relevant for exposed humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kundi
- Institute of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Waldherr
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tahereh Setayesh
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Miroslav Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Georg Wultsch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Metka Filipic
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gustavo Rafael Mazzaron Barcelos
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n°, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Siegfried Knasmueller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Leal-Alvarado DA, Espadas-Gil F, Sáenz-Carbonell L, Talavera-May C, Santamaría JM. Lead accumulation reduces photosynthesis in the lead hyper-accumulator Salvinia minima Baker by affecting the cell membrane and inducing stomatal closure. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 171:37-47. [PMID: 26742090 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Salvinia minima Baker accumulates a fair amount of lead in its tissues; however, no studies have investigated the effect of lead on the physiological processes that affect photosynthesis in this species. The objective of the present study was to assess whether the high amounts of lead accumulated by S. minima can affect its photosynthetic apparatus. The physiological changes in the roots and leaves in response to lead accumulation were analyzed. An exposure to 40 μM Pb(NO3)2 for 24 h (first stage) was sufficient to reduce the photosynthetic rate (Pn) by 44%. This reduction in Pn was apparently the result of processes at various levels, including damage to the cell membranes (mainly in roots). Interestingly, although the plants were transferred to fresh medium without lead for an additional 24 h (second stage), Pn not only remained low, but was reduced even further, which was apparently related to stomatal closure, and may have led to reduced CO2 availability. Therefore, it can be concluded that lead exposure first decreases the photosynthetic rate by damaging the root membrane and then induces stomatal closure, resulting in decreased CO2 availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Leal-Alvarado
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Francisco Espadas-Gil
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Luis Sáenz-Carbonell
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Carlos Talavera-May
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Jorge M Santamaría
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Lopes ACBA, Peixe TS, Mesas AE, Paoliello MMB. Lead Exposure and Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 236:193-238. [PMID: 26423075 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20013-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lead is an environmental toxicant that can induce oxidative stress (OS) via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which has been reported as an important mechanism underlying lead toxicity (Gurer and Ercal 2000; Pande and Flora 2002; Kasperczyk et al. 2004a; Farmand et al. 2005; Verstraeten et al. 2008; Wang et al. 2009; Martinez-Haro et al. 2011). OS occurs when the generation of ROS exceeds the antioxidant system's ability to defend cells against oxidized molecules. ROS is a term generally used to refer to free radicals derived from O2 (e.g., superoxide anions [O2-] and hydroxyl radicals [OH-]) or to non-radical species (e.g. hydrogen peroxide [H2O2]) (Halliwell and Cross 1994).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiago S Peixe
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Science Center, State University of Londrina, 60 Robert Koch Avenue, Parana, Brazil
| | - Arthur E Mesas
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, Health Science Center, State University of Londrina, 60 Robert Koch Avenue, Parana, Brazil
| | - Monica M B Paoliello
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Health Science Center, State University of Londrina, 60 Robert Koch Avenue, Parana, Brazil
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Liu HH, Chen CY, Lan CH, Chang CP, Peng CY. Effects of a powered air-purifying respirator intervention on indium exposure reduction and indium related biomarkers among ITO sputter target manufacturing workers. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2016; 13:346-355. [PMID: 26771526 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2015.1125487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs) worn by the workers, and to investigate the effect of this application on exposure and preclinical effects in terms of workplace measuring and biomarker monitoring in ITO sputter target manufacturing plants and workers, respectively. Fifty-four workers were recruited and investigated from 2010-2012, during which PAPRs were provided to on-site workers in September 2011. Each worker completed questionnaires and provided blood and urine samples for analysis of biomarkers of indium exposure and preclinical effects. Area and personal indium air samples were randomly collected from selected worksites and from participants. The penetration percentage of the respirator (concentration inside respirator divided by concentration outside respirator) was 6.6%. Some biomarkers, such as S-In, SOD, GPx, GST, MDA, and TMOM, reflected the decrease in exposure and showed lower levels, after implementation of PAPRs. This study is the first to investigate the efficacy of PAPRs for reducing indium exposure. The measurement results clearly showed that the implementation of PAPRs reduces levels of indium-related biomarkers. These findings have practical applications for minimizing occupational exposure to indium and for managing the health of workers exposed to indium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Hsin Liu
- a Department of Occupational Safety and Health , Chung Shan Medical University and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yuh Chen
- b Institute of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Labor , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hang Lan
- c Department of Occupational Safety and Health , Chung-Hwa University of Medical Technology , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ping Chang
- d Department of Occupational Safety and Health , Chang Jung Christian University , Tainan , Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yu Peng
- e Department of Public Health , Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
- f Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
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Ashraf U, Kanu AS, Mo Z, Hussain S, Anjum SA, Khan I, Abbas RN, Tang X. Lead toxicity in rice: effects, mechanisms, and mitigation strategies--a mini review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:18318-32. [PMID: 26432270 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a major environmental pollutant that affects plant morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes. Its higher levels in the environment are not only toxic to human beings but also harmful for plants and soil microbes. We have reviewed the uptake, translocation, and accumulation mechanisms of Pb and its toxic effects on germination, growth, yield, nutrient relation, photosynthesis, respiration, oxidative damage, and antioxidant defense system of rice. Lead toxicity hampers rice germination, root/shoot length, growth, and final yield. It reduces nutrient uptake through roots, disrupts chloroplastic ultrastructure and cell membrane permeability, induces alterations in leaves respiratory activities, produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), and triggers some enzyme and non-enzymatic antioxidants (as defense to oxidative damage). In the end, biochar amendments and phytoremediation technologies have been proposed as soil remediation approaches for Pb tainted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Ashraf
- Department of Crop science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Adam Sheka Kanu
- Department of Crop science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaowen Mo
- Department of Crop science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Saddam Hussain
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shakeel Ahmad Anjum
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rana Nadeem Abbas
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Xiangru Tang
- Department of Crop science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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46
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Sanders T, Liu YM, Tchounwou PB. Cytotoxic, genotoxic, and neurotoxic effects of Mg, Pb, and Fe on pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:1445-58. [PMID: 24942330 PMCID: PMC4270943 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Metals such as lead (Pb), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) are ubiquitous in the environment as a result of natural occurrence and anthropogenic activities. Although Mg, Fe, and others are considered essential elements, high level of exposure has been associated with severe adverse health effects including cardiovascular, hematological, nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, and neurologic abnormalities in humans. In the present study we hypothesized that Mg, Pb, and Fe are cytotoxic, genotoxic and neurotoxic, and their toxicity is mediated through oxidative stress and alteration in protein expression. To test the hypothesis, we used the pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cell line as a neuro cell model and performed the LDH assay for cell viability, Comet assay for DNA damage, Western blot for oxidative stress, and HPLC-MS to assess the concentration levels of neurological biomarkers such as glutamate, dopamine (DA), and 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT). The results of this study clearly show that Mg, Pb, and Fe, respectively in the form of MgSO4 , Pb(NO3 )2 , FeCl2 , and FeCl3 induce cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity in PC-12 cells. In addition, exposure to these metallic compounds caused significant changes in the concentration levels of glutamate, dopamine, and 3-MT in PC-12 cells. Taken together the findings suggest that MgSO4 , Pb(NO3 )2 , FeCl2 , and FeCl3 have the potential to induce substantial toxicity to PC-12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Sanders
- Cellomics and Toxicogenomics Research Laboratory, NIH/NIMHD-RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Box18750, Jackson, Mississippi, 39217, USA
| | - Yi-Ming Liu
- Bioanalytical Research Laboratory, NIH/NIMHD-RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Box18750, Jackson, Mississippi, 39217, USA
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- Cellomics and Toxicogenomics Research Laboratory, NIH/NIMHD-RCMI Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Box18750, Jackson, Mississippi, 39217, USA
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47
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Bortey-Sam N, Nakayama SMM, Akoto O, Ikenaka Y, Fobil JN, Baidoo E, Mizukawa H, Ishizuka M. Accumulation of Heavy Metals and Metalloid in Foodstuffs from Agricultural Soils around Tarkwa Area in Ghana, and Associated Human Health Risks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015. [PMID: 26225988 PMCID: PMC4555249 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120808811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to assess the extent of heavy metals and metalloid accumulation from agricultural soils to foodstuffs (viz, M. esculenta (cassava) and Musa paradisiaca (plantain)) around thirteen neighboring communities within Tarkwa, Ghana; and to estimate the human health risk associated with consumption of these foodstuffs. Concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were measured with an inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometer and mercury analysis was done using a mercury analyzer. From the results, 30% of cassava samples collected, contained higher concentrations of Pb when compared to Codex Alimentarius Commission standard values. Bioconcentration factor indicated that Ni had higher capacity of absorption into food crops from soil than the other heavy metals. For both children and adults, the target hazard quotient (THQ) of Pb in cassava in communities such as Techiman, Wangarakrom, Samahu, and Tebe (only children) were greater than 1, which is defined as an acceptable risk value. This indicated that residents could be exposed to significant health risks associated with cassava consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesta Bortey-Sam
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Osei Akoto
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa.
| | - Julius N Fobil
- Department of Biological, Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG13, Legon, Ghana.
| | - Elvis Baidoo
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Hazuki Mizukawa
- Department of Environmental Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
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Roy A, Queirolo E, Peregalli F, Mañay N, Martínez G, Kordas K. Association of blood lead levels with urinary F₂-8α isoprostane and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy-guanosine concentrations in first-grade Uruguayan children. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 140:127-35. [PMID: 25863186 PMCID: PMC4492803 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is a potential molecular mechanism for lead-induced toxicities, yet, we have limited understanding of the relation between low-level lead (Pb) exposure and OS, especially in children. This cross-sectional study examines the association between blood lead level (BLL) and two OS markers-urinary F2-8α isoprostane or isoprostane (a marker of lipid peroxidation) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy-Guanosine or 8-OH-dG (a marker of DNA damage) in 211 children, aged 5-8 years, from Montevideo, Uruguay. The role of dietary intakes of vitamin C and zinc in modifying the relation between BLL and OS was also examined. The mean (SD) BLL of the study children was 4.7 (2.2) µg/dL, with 30.2% children having BLL ≥5 µg/dL, the current reference level set by the US Centre for Disease Control for identifying, monitoring and management of children with elevated BLL. In covariate-adjusted analysis, there was a weak positive association between BLL and urinary isoprostane (adjusted for specific gravity) [β=0.09, p<0.1]. No association was found between children's BLL and urinary 8-OH-dG. Interactions between dietary intakes of vitamin C or zinc and BLL on OS biomarkers were not consistent. However, when BLL and vitamin C or BLL and zinc were modeled together, BLL was independently associated with isoprostane concentration [β=0.10, p<0.05] but vitamin C or zinc intake was not. These findings suggest that there may be a potential adverse effect of BLL on OS in children with low-level Pb exposure. There is a need to study the effects of Pb on other OS measures, as well as the role of OS in mediating low-level Pb toxicity on functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Roy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA.
| | - Elena Queirolo
- Centre for Research, Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fabiana Peregalli
- Centre for Research, Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital Pereira Rossell, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Nelly Mañay
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Republic of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gabriela Martínez
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Republic of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA; School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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49
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Koller VJ, Ferk F, Al-Serori H, Mišík M, Nersesyan A, Auwärter V, Grummt T, Knasmüller S. Genotoxic properties of representatives of alkylindazoles and aminoalkyl-indoles which are consumed as synthetic cannabinoids. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 80:130-136. [PMID: 25792264 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) cause similar effects as cannabis and are sold in herbal mixtures. Recent investigations indicate that some of these drugs possess genotoxic properties. Therefore, we tested representatives of two groups, namely, aminoalkylindoles (AM-2201 and UR-144) and 1-alkylindazoles (5F-AKB-48 and AM-2201-IC) in single cell gel electrophoresis and micronucleus (MN) assays with human lymphocytes and in Salmonella/microsome assays. All drugs except AM-2201 caused DNA-migration, the LOELs were between 50 and 75 µM. Furthermore, all SCs caused inhibition of cell division and significant induction of MN which reflect structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations. The LOEL values were 50 µM for UR-144 and 5-AKB-48 and 75 µM for the other drugs. Also the levels of nucleoplasmatic bridges which are formed from dicentric chromosomes were elevated under identical conditions while the frequencies of nuclear buds were not affected. These findings show that representatives of both groups cause chromosomal damage while the negative results in Salmonella assays (in strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA102) in absence and presence of metabolic activation indicate that they do not induce gene mutations. Taken together, these findings indicate that SCs may cause adverse health effects in users as a consequence of damage of the genetic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena J Koller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine 1, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine 1, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Halh Al-Serori
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine 1, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Miroslav Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine 1, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine 1, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Volker Auwärter
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 9, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tamara Grummt
- German Federal Environmental Agency, Heinrich-Heine-Straße 12, 08645 Bad Elster, Germany
| | - Siegfried Knasmüller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine 1, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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50
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Heavy metals [chromium (VI) and lead (II)] removal from water using mesoporous magnetite (Fe3O4) nanospheres. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 442:120-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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