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Köse Kabakcıoğlu N, Ayaz-Alkaya S. The effect of progressive muscle relaxation on stress, anxiety, and depression in adolescents: A quasi-experimental design. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 78:89-96. [PMID: 38905787 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental problems that may lead to many adverse health outcomes are increasing among adolescents. Interventions are needed to prevent mental problems in adolescents. PURPOSE The present study aimed to assess the effect of progressive muscle relaxation in reducing stress, anxiety, and depression levels in adolescents. DESIGN AND METHODS A quasi-experimental design was performed. The study population consisted of 12th-grade students studying in two high schools in Turkiye. Adolescents were allocated to intervention and control groups in a ratio of 1:2, considering their preferences. A total of 88 students (intervention = 31; control = 57) completed the study. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-42) were used to collect the data. Online progressive muscle relaxation was implemented in the intervention group over eight weeks. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups regarding stress, anxiety, and depression pre-test mean scores. The correction of DASS-42 pre-test mean scores was performed by covariance analysis. There was a statistically significant difference in the post-test stress, anxiety, and depression mean scores of the adolescents in the intervention group according to the corrected DASS-42 pre-test mean scores. CONCLUSION The study concluded that progressive muscle relaxation reduced stress, anxiety, and depression in adolescents. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS School nurses could implement progressive muscle relaxation to support adolescents in managing stress, anxiety, and depression.
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Huang F. The Relationship Between Trait Mindfulness and Depression in Elementary Pre-Service Teachers: The Sequential Mediating Role of Flow Experience and Learning Engagement. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:1689-1702. [PMID: 38660457 PMCID: PMC11042480 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s450594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between trait mindfulness, flow experience, learning engagement, and depression among elementary pre-service teachers. Methods We employed the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, Flow Experience Scale, Learning Engagement Scale, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale to assess 614 elementary pre-service teachers. Results Trait mindfulness in elementary pre-service teachers negatively predicts depression. Trait mindfulness indirectly impacts depression through flow experience and learning engagement. Furthermore, flow experience and learning engagement serve as mediating factors in the relationship between trait mindfulness and depression among elementary pre-service teachers. Conclusion Flow experience and learning engagement play a mediating role in the relationship between trait mindfulness and depression among elementary pre-service teachers. This study enriches our understanding of depression cognitive theory, emphasizing the positive influence of internal resources on depression prevention. Additionally, it provides a deeper explanation of the mechanism through which trait mindfulness affects depression, offering valuable insights for future depression intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenxia Huang
- Basic Education College, Putian University, Putian, People’s Republic of China
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Johnson NJ, Smith RJ, Kil H. Not all mindfulness is equal: certain facets of mindfulness have important implications for well-being and mental health across the lifespan. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1347487. [PMID: 38686088 PMCID: PMC11057496 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1347487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The connections between the five facets of mindfulness, well-being, and mental health across the lifespan have traditionally been investigated using variable-centered approaches. Less research has investigated these relationships from a person-centered, profile-based approach. In this work, we aimed to identify the profiles of mindfulness in a Canadian lifespan sample (14 to 90 years of age) and investigate how these profiles compared on age, well-being, and mental health. An age- and gender-balanced sample of 1,600 participants completed a questionnaire that measured the five facets of mindfulness; life satisfaction; existential well-being; and anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms. A latent profile analysis was conducted. Five profiles based on the five-facet model of mindfulness were identified: high mindfulness, moderate mindfulness, low mindfulness, nonjudgmentally aware, and judgmentally observing. The 3-step approach to profile comparisons was used to assess age, mental health, and well-being differences across the profiles. Those in the high mindfulness and nonjudgmentally aware profiles were generally older, while the judgmentally observing profile contained younger individuals. Those in the high mindfulness and nonjudgmentally aware profiles reported the greatest mental health and well-being. Conversely, those in the low mindfulness and judgmentally observing profiles had worse mental health than the other profiles. The moderate mindfulness profile was situated between these profile groups on age, mental health, and well-being outcomes. This pattern of results has implications for mindfulness-based intervention research and practice to better account for heterogeneity in mindfulness and better support well-being across the lifespan.
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Chu SF, Lin LC, Chiu AF, Wang HH. Dispositional mindfulness: Is it related to knee osteoarthritis population's common health problems? PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299879. [PMID: 38598447 PMCID: PMC11006190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of research supports dispositional mindfulness as important in influencing physical and mental health as well as physical activities in patients with chronic illnesses. Knee osteoarthritis (OA), which often causes health problems, is one of the most common chronic illnesses, but less is known about dispositional mindfulness in relation to this condition. OBJECTIVE To explore possible associations between dispositional mindfulness and physical and mental health as well as physical activity in knee OA patients. METHODS For this cross-sectional study, we recruited a purposive sample of orthopedic clinic patients in hospitals in Southern Taiwan. Instruments included the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Health-related characteristics were also measured. Demographic statistics, bivariate correlations, and multiple linear regression informed our exploration of potentially related factors for dispositional mindfulness. RESULTS Participants with knee OA (N = 250) were mostly elderly (88%), female (70.5%), and married (84%). Marital status, perceived health status, depression, and physical activity were associated with dispositional mindfulness. Better perceived health, lower depression, and greater physical activity were significantly associated with greater dispositional mindfulness. However, the severity of symptoms, fear of falling, and exercise self-efficacy did not reach statistical significance in relation to dispositional mindfulness. CONCLUSION Greater emphasis should be placed on the cultivation of mindfulness to enhance individuals' perceived health, decrease their depressive mood, and promote their engagement in physical activity, which could indirectly alleviate their experience of pain and improve their physical function, yielding better quality of life and well-being. Future research should focus on interventions to apply dispositional mindfulness in order to determine whether dispositional mindfulness can effectively improve physical and mental health as well as physical activity in those with knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Feng Chu
- College of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chen Lin
- School of Nursing, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Aih-Fung Chiu
- College of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hung Wang
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Yang GH, Cao XX, Fu YY, Wang ND, Lian SL. Mobile phone addiction and academic burnout: the mediating role of technology conflict and the protective role of mindfulness. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1365914. [PMID: 38501091 PMCID: PMC10944904 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1365914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
With the rapid development of Internet technology, more and more college students are facing the threat of mobile phone addiction. However, the relationship and underlying mechanism between mobile phone addiction and academic burnout haven't been explored in depth. This study proves the mediating role of technology conflict and the moderating role of mindfulness in the relation between mobile phone addiction and academic burnout. 752 college students were recruited to complete the questionnaire of mobile phone addiction, technology conflict, mindfulness and academic burnout. Results showed that mobile phone addiction was significantly and positively associated with academic burnout, and this relationship could be mediated by technology conflict. Besides, the direct effect of mobile phone addiction on academic burnout and the indirect effect of technology conflict in this link were moderated by mindfulness. Both these two effects are stronger for college students with lower level of mindfulness. Our findings enrich our understanding of how and when mobile phone addiction was related to academic burnout. Educational professionals and parents should take timely measure to the academic burnout of college students suffering from mobile phone addiction, particularly for those with lower level of mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hui Yang
- School of Education, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Cao
- College of Education and Sports Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yan-Yan Fu
- College of Education and Sports Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Ning-Dan Wang
- School of Education, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, China
| | - Shuai-Lei Lian
- College of Education and Sports Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
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Scafuto F, Ghiroldi S, Montecucco NF, De Vincenzo F, Quinto RM, Presaghi F, Iani L. Promoting well-being in early adolescents through mindfulness: A cluster randomized controlled trial. J Adolesc 2024; 96:57-69. [PMID: 37740437 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Gaia program is a 12-week mindfulness intervention based on cultivating body, emotional, and ecological self-awareness, which has been shown to be effective in reducing children's and adolescents' internalizing problems at school. This paper presents the results of a cluster randomized controlled trial aimed at assessing the effectiveness of this program on improving psychological well-being, subjective well-being, and psychological distress in early adolescents. METHODS A sample of 195 early adolescent students (boys, n = 99; girls, n = 96) with a mean age of 11.49 years (standard deviation = 0.80) attending 12 middle school classes participated in the study. Seven Gaia instructors belonging to six schools led the program. Measures were administered at three time points, approximately every 3 months: 1 week before treatment, 1 week after treatment, and 3 months after treatment. We used a multilevel regression model to test whether treatment was effective in increasing psychological well-being and subjective well-being, and reducing psychological distress, as compared to a waiting-list control group. RESULTS The results showed that the Gaia program improved psychological well-being but not subjective well-being and psychological distress. Specifically, the Gaia program was effective in increasing personal growth and purpose in life, the key eudaimonic components of psychological well-being, in the experimental group whereas they decreased in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study provide preliminary evidence that the Gaia program for early adolescents may improve the core eudaimonic components of psychological well-being from pretest to follow-up that, conversely, decrease in the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Scafuto
- Department of Literature, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabio Presaghi
- Department of Psychology of Developmental and Social Processes, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Luca Iani
- Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Udine, Italy
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Liu S, Fang Y, Su Z, Cai J, Chen Z. Factor structure and measurement invariance of the 8-item CES-D: a national longitudinal sample of Chinese adolescents. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:868. [PMID: 37993821 PMCID: PMC10664487 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D 8) has been widely used to measure depressive symptoms in many large-scale surveys. Due to its brevity, it can lower costs, relieve respondent burdens, and ensure data quality. However, its factor structure and measurement invariance across gender and time among adolescents have not been adequately evaluated. This study investigated its factor structure and measurement invariance across gender and time among adolescents. METHODS The data was drawn from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) conducted in 2018 and 2020, with 3099 participants (46.82% girls) aged 11 to 18 in 2018. First, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to examine the factor structure of the CES-D 8. Next, multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test its measurement invariance across gender and time. Finally, a longitudinal cross-gender test was conducted to further confirm the stability of the scale. RESULTS A two-factor structure was identified among the adolescents, including Negative Symptoms and Diminished Happiness Feeling. Measurement invariance across gender and time, as well as the longitudinal cross-gender invariance, was supported, with configural, factor loadings, thresholds and residual invariance. CONCLUSIONS The factor structure of the CES-D 8 remains stable across gender and time among adolescents, indicating that it is a promising instrument for measuring depressive symptoms, especially in large-scale and longitudinal surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhongyan Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Jimin Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Zhiyan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
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McVoy M, Miller D, Bransteter I, Gubitosi-Klug R, Segal T, Surdam J, Sajatovic M, Dusek JA. A self-management plus mind body intervention for adolescents and young adults with type 2 diabetes: Trial design and methodological report. Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 133:107317. [PMID: 37625585 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasingly common in adolescents and young adults (AYAs). Improving self-management skills and the mental health of this population is important, but understudied. METHODS The goal of this research was to develop a mind-body intervention which could serve as an adjunctive therapy to support AYAs with T2D (INTEND intervention). Toward that end, we used an iterative process, including use of focus groups, advisory board, and cognitive semi-structured interviews with patients, parents of patient and clinical providers, to understand the gaps in the current information provided to AYAs with T2D. Based on the data gathered from the focus groups and interviews, we enhanced an existing self-management intervention for adults with T2D to include an additional mind body intervention for AYAs with T2D. The INTEND intervention will be piloted in a group of AYAs with T2D. RESULTS This report describes the methodology and design of the InterveNTion for Early oNset type 2 Diabetes (INTEND) study. The details of this single arm pre-post pilot feasibility trial are described. DISCUSSION If successful, the INTEND approach has the potential to advance care for vulnerable youth with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly McVoy
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine (CWRU SOM), USA; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center (UHCMC), USA; Rainbow Babies and Children, UHCMC, USA.
| | | | | | - Rose Gubitosi-Klug
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine (CWRU SOM), USA; Rainbow Babies and Children, UHCMC, USA
| | - Tracy Segal
- University Hospitals Connor Whole Health, USA
| | | | - Martha Sajatovic
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine (CWRU SOM), USA; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center (UHCMC), USA
| | - Jeffery A Dusek
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine (CWRU SOM), USA; University Hospitals Connor Whole Health, USA
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Bogaert L, Van der Gucht K, Kuppens P, Kock M, Schreuder MJ, Kuyken W, Raes F. The effect of universal school-based mindfulness on anhedonia and emotional distress and its underlying mechanisms: A cluster randomised controlled trial via experience sampling in secondary schools. Behav Res Ther 2023; 169:104405. [PMID: 37797436 PMCID: PMC10938062 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
This cluster randomised controlled trial examined the effectiveness of universal school-based mindfulness training (MT; vs. passive control) to lower anhedonia and emotional distress among mid-adolescents (15-18 years). It further examined three potential mechanisms: dampening of positive emotions, non-acceptance/suppression of negative emotions, and perceived social pressure not to experience/express negative emotions. Adolescents (ncontrol = 136, nintervention = 95) participated in three assessment points (before, after and two/three months after the in-class MT), consisting of Experience Sampling (ES) assessments and self-report questionnaires (SRQs) to corroborate the ES assessments. Analyses were based on general linear modelling and multilevel modelling. Overall, no evidence was found for a significant beneficial and long-lasting impact of the MT on adolescents' mental health. Importantly, some barriers inherently linked to universal MT approaches (low engagement in and mixed attitudes towards the MT) may have tempered the effectiveness of the MT in the current trial. Further research should prioritise overcoming these barriers to optimise programme implementation. Additionally, given the potential complex interplay of moderators at micro- (home practice), meso- (school climate), and macro-level (broader context), research should simultaneously focus on alternative ways of delivering MT at schools to strengthen adolescents' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Bogaert
- Research Unit Behaviour, Health and Psychopathology, KU Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Mindfulness Centre, KU Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Child and Youth Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Katleen Van der Gucht
- Leuven Mindfulness Centre, KU Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Child and Youth Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium; Research Unit Methods, Individual and Cultural Differences, Affect and Social Behavior, KU Leuven, Belgium; Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Kuppens
- Leuven Mindfulness Centre, KU Leuven, Belgium; Research Unit Methods, Individual and Cultural Differences, Affect and Social Behavior, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Merle Kock
- Research Unit Behaviour, Health and Psychopathology, KU Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Mindfulness Centre, KU Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Child and Youth Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marieke J Schreuder
- Research Unit Methods, Individual and Cultural Differences, Affect and Social Behavior, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Willem Kuyken
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; University of Oxford Mindfulness Research Centre, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Filip Raes
- Research Unit Behaviour, Health and Psychopathology, KU Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Mindfulness Centre, KU Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Child and Youth Institute, KU Leuven, Belgium.
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Reangsing C, Trakooltorwong P, Maneekunwong K, Thepsaw J, Oerther S. Effects of online mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on anxiety symptoms in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:269. [PMID: 37507747 PMCID: PMC10386675 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of studies have documented the effectiveness on various types of face-to-face and online mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in reducing anxiety among general population, but there is a scarcity of systematic reviews evaluating evidence of online MBIs on anxiety in adults. Therefore, we examined the effects of online mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on anxiety symptoms in adults and explored the moderating effects of participant, methods, and intervention characteristics. METHODS We systematically searched nine databases through May 2022 without date restrictions. Inclusion criteria were primary studies evaluating online mindfulness-based interventions with adults with anxiety measured as an outcome, a comparison group, and written in English. We used random-effects model to compute effect sizes (ESs) using Hedges' g, a forest plot, and Q and I2 statistics as measures of heterogeneity; we also examined moderator analyses. RESULTS Twenty-six primary studies included 3,246 participants (39.9 ± 12.9 years old). Overall, online mindfulness-based interventions showed significantly improved anxiety (g = 0.35, 95%CI 0.09, 0.62, I2 = 92%) compared to controls. With regards to moderators, researchers reported higher attrition, they reported less beneficial effects on anxiety symptoms (β=-0.001, Qmodel=4.59, p = .032). No other quality indicators moderated the effects of online mindfulness-based interventions on anxiety. CONCLUSION Online mindfulness-based interventions improved anxiety symptoms in adult population. Thus, it might be used as adjunctive or alternative complementary treatment for adults. However, our findings must be interpreted with caution due to the low and unclear power of the sample in primary studies; hence, high-quality studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jintana Thepsaw
- School of Nursing, Mae Fah Laung University, Chiangrai, Thailand
| | - Sarah Oerther
- Trudy Busch Valentine, School of Nursing, Saint Louis University, Missouri, MO, USA
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Monsillion J, Zebdi R, Romo-Desprez L. School Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Youth, and Considerations for Anxiety, Depression, and a Positive School Climate-A Systematic Literature Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10050861. [PMID: 37238409 DOI: 10.3390/children10050861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are growing in popularity, with research concerning their efficacy with youth populations. Following a preliminary analysis of the existing literature, and given the positive effects of such programs, we felt it relevant to assess whether research has considered the implications for MBIs on children and adolescents, with regard to depression, anxiety, and school climate. OBJECTIVES We aim to estimate the effect of MBIs as innovative interventions addressing youths in school settings, with special consideration for anxiety, depression, and school climate outcomes. METHOD This review investigates the existing literature in the field of mindfulness, using quasi-experimental and randomized control trial (RCT) models, targeted at youth (5-18 years) in school settings. A search was carried out in four databases-WebofScience, Google Scholar, PubMed, and PsycARTICLES. This resulted in 39 articles, which were sorted based on predetermined inclusion criteria; 12 articles qualified. RESULTS The results show discrepancies in terms of methodological and implementation variables, types of interventions, instructor trainings, assessment measures, and choice of practices and exercises, which make the effects of existing school MBIs difficult to compare. Consistencies were observed in emotional and behavioral regulation, prosocial behaviors, and reducing stress and anxiety in students. The results of this systematic review also suggest that MBIs could be potential mediators in improving student well-being and environmental factors, such as school and class climates. Specifically, children's sense of safety and community can be improved by an improved quality of relationships between students, their peers, and teachers. Future research should consider incorporating school climate perspectives, such as implementing whole-school MBI approaches and using replicable and comparable study designs and methods, whilst considering the capacities and limitations of the academic and institutional context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Monsillion
- UR 4430 Clipsyd, Department of Psychology, Université Paris Nanterre, 200, Avenue de la République, 92001 Nanterre, France
| | - Rafika Zebdi
- UR 4430 Clipsyd, Department of Psychology, Université Paris Nanterre, 200, Avenue de la République, 92001 Nanterre, France
| | - Lucia Romo-Desprez
- UR 4430 Clipsyd, Department of Psychology, Université Paris Nanterre, 200, Avenue de la République, 92001 Nanterre, France
- Hopital Raymond-Poincaré (APHP), Inserm CESP 1018 UPS, 104 Bvd Raymond Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
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12
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Leyenaar JK, Arakelyan M, Acquilano SC, Gilbert TL, Craig JT, Lee CN, Kodak SG, Ignatova E, Mudge LA, House SA, Brady RE. I-CARE: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Appropriateness of a Digital Health Intervention for Youth Experiencing Mental Health Boarding. J Adolesc Health 2023; 72:923-932. [PMID: 36870901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Youth with suicidality requiring psychiatric hospitalization may first experience boarding at acute care hospitals. Given infrequent provision of therapy during this period, we developed a modular digital intervention (I-CARE; Improving Care, Accelerating Recovery and Education) to facilitate delivery of evidence-based psychosocial skills by non-mental health clinicians. This pilot study describes changes in emotional distress, severity of illness, and readiness for engagement following I-CARE participation, and evaluates the feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of I-CARE. METHODS A mixed-methods approach was used to evaluate I-CARE, offered to youth 12-17 years from 11/21 to 06/22. Changes in emotional distress, severity of illness, and engagement readiness were evaluated using paired t-tests. Semistructured interviews with youth, caregivers, and clinicians were conducted concurrently with collection of validated implementation outcome measures. Quantitative measure results were linked to interview transcripts, which were analyzed thematically. RESULTS Twenty-four adolescents participated in I-CARE; median length of stay was 8 days (IQR:5-12 days). Emotional distress decreased significantly by 6.3 points (63-point scale) following participation (p = .02). The increase in engagement readiness and decrease in youth-reported illness severity were not statistically significant. Among 40 youth, caregivers, and clinicians who participated in the mixed-methods evaluation, 39 (97.5%) rated I-CARE as feasible, 36 (90.0%) as acceptable, and 31 (77.5%) as appropriate. Adolescents' prior knowledge of psychosocial skills and clinicians' competing demands were reported barriers. DISCUSSION I-CARE was feasible to implement and youth reported reduced levels of distress following participation. I-CARE has the potential to teach evidence-based psychosocial skills during boarding, which may provide a head-start on recovery before psychiatric hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoAnna K Leyenaar
- Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth Health Children's, Lebanon, New Hampshire; The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
| | - Mary Arakelyan
- Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth Health Children's, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Stephanie C Acquilano
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | | | - James T Craig
- Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, New Hampshire; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Chloe N Lee
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | | | - Elizaveta Ignatova
- Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth Health Children's, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | | | - Samantha A House
- Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth Health Children's, Lebanon, New Hampshire; The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Robert E Brady
- Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, New Hampshire; Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
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Campisi SC, Ataullahjan A, Baxter JAB, Szatmari P, Bhutta ZA. Mental health interventions in adolescence. Curr Opin Psychol 2022; 48:101492. [PMID: 36347181 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent mental health (MH) disorders with striking prominence include anxiety, self-harm and depression. The current review aims to highlight high-quality reviews of novel interventions, mainly Cochrane reviews, and/or quality meta-analyses published between 2019 and 2022 on three adolescent mental health challenges. Recent evidence about the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions is encouraging. However, the shift to virtual treatment methods during the pandemic was supported by a relatively thin body of research. Future research and policy in child and youth MH must address the consequences of the pandemic or comparable disruptions on adolescent MH, as well as mitigation strategies. An emphasis on integrated digital, community and school platforms for mental health within child and adolescent health services would benefit from a greater focus on early recognition and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C Campisi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Burton Wing, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Anushka Ataullahjan
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children; 686 Bay Street, 11th Floor, Suite 11.9805, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4. Canada
| | - Jo-Anna B Baxter
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children; 686 Bay Street, 11th Floor, Suite 11.9805, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4. Canada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Burton Wing, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression, Centre for Addiction, and Mental Health, 80 Workman Way, Toronto, ON - M6J 1H4. Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th Floor, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8. Canada
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Centre for Global Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children; 686 Bay Street, 11th Floor, Suite 11.9805, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4. Canada; Centre of Excellence in Women, and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, PO Box 3500, Karachi, Pakistan. 74800.
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14
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Di Giuseppe M, Orrù G, Gemignani A, Ciacchini R, Miniati M, Conversano C. Mindfulness and Defense Mechanisms as Explicit and Implicit Emotion Regulation Strategies against Psychological Distress during Massive Catastrophic Events. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912690. [PMID: 36231993 PMCID: PMC9566362 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Emotion regulation is an important aspect of psychological functioning that influences subjective experience and moderates emotional responses throughout the lifetime. Adaptive responses to stressful life events depend on the positive interaction between explicit and implicit emotion regulation strategies, such as mindfulness and defense mechanisms. This study demonstrates how these emotion regulation strategies predict psychological health during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. A convenience sample of 6385 subjects, recruited via snowball sampling on various social media platforms, responded to an online survey assessing psychological reaction to social restrictions imposed to limit the spread of COVID-19 in Italy. Psychological distress, post-traumatic stress symptoms, mindfulness, and defense mechanisms were assessed using SCL-90, IES-R, MAAS, and DMRS-30-SR, respectively. Higher mindfulness was significantly associated with higher overall defensive maturity and a greater use of high-adaptive defenses (p < 0.0001). Both mindfulness and defense mechanisms acted as good predictors of psychological health (R2 = 0.541) and posttraumatic symptoms (R2 = 0.332), confirming the role of emotion regulation in protecting against maladaptive responses to stressful situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Department of History, Culture and Society, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Graziella Orrù
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Gemignani
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Rebecca Ciacchini
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Miniati
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ciro Conversano
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, Critical and Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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15
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Sun W, Guo T, Spruyt K, Liu Z. The Role of Mindfulness in Mitigating the Detrimental Effects of Harsh Parenting among Chinese Adolescents: Testing a Moderated Mediation Model in a Three-Wave Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9731. [PMID: 35955086 PMCID: PMC9368679 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Based on the conservation of resources theory, this study aimed to investigate the mediating role of depressive symptoms and the moderating role of mindfulness in the association between harsh parenting and adolescent suicidal ideation in the Chinese cultural context. Using a three-wave (i.e., three months apart) data collection among 371 Chinese adolescents, this study found that depressive symptoms mediated the relationship between harsh parenting and adolescent suicidal ideation. Moreover, adolescent mindfulness mitigated the effects of harsh parenting on suicidal ideation, as well as the indirect effect of harsh parenting on suicidal ideation via depressive symptoms. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Sun
- School of Management, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Tengfei Guo
- School of Vocational Education, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, China
| | - Karen Spruyt
- NeuroDiderot, INSERM, Université de Paris, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Zhijun Liu
- School of Management, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
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16
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Wahab IA, Goh KW, Zainal ZA, Yusof NSM, Huri HZ, Jacob SA, Alwi MNM, Hashim R, Hisham SA, Jamil N. Targeted Primary and Secondary Preventive Strategies for Depression among Malaysian Pharmacy Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9629. [PMID: 35954990 PMCID: PMC9367753 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The global depression burden has remained a challenge throughout the pre- and post-pandemic era. The pandemic effect has led to the spiraling of mental disorders among young people who will be the next generation of leaders. This study aims to identify university students’ sociodemographic, psychosocial and academic backgrounds and performance associated with depression symptoms for the development of primary and secondary preventive strategies for mental health. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire distributed to 19 institutions in Malaysia offering a Bachelor of Pharmacy degree program. The self-rated Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42) was used to assess depression symptoms. Pearson’s chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to assess the investigated variables with depression symptoms. Independent T-test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare means of depression score across variables. Binary logistic regression was employed to examine the relationship between the investigated variables and depression symptoms. A total of 610 pharmacy students participated, of which 47% (n = 289/610) were having depression symptoms. Students who smoke nicotine and those who have separated parents, family history of mental illness, and poor academic performance were associated with depression symptoms (p < 0.05). Differences in geographical areas, race and religion also showed significant associations with depression symptoms. Parental marital status, poor academic performance, history of mental illness and comorbidities were statistically predicting depression symptoms (p < 0.05). Primary preventive strategies allowing students to harness healthy coping skills for stress, nicotine-free campaigns and a holistic curriculum are warranted. Secondary measures on mindfulness and compassion skills activities to benefit students who experienced early life crises are highly recommended. Enforcing these targeted strategies in collaboration with health and social sectors should be the primary agenda of universities to ensure their uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izyan A. Wahab
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Sabrina Anne Jacob
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | | | - Rosnani Hashim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya 63000, Malaysia
| | | | - Nurdiana Jamil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya 63000, Malaysia
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17
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Anger Rumination in Early Adolescence: Risk Factor or Outcome of Depressive Symptoms? A Prospective Study. J Youth Adolesc 2022; 51:1708-1719. [PMID: 35553322 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Anger rumination is a maladaptive cognitive-emotional process associated with aversive adjustment outcomes. Despite of evidence showing a close relationship between anger rumination and depressive symptoms across adolescence, their longitudinal relationship is still unknown. The goal of the present study was to examine the bidirectional association between self-reported anger rumination and depressive symptoms at two waves, spaced 1-year. Participants were 304 early adolescents (44.7% boys; Mage = 10.80 years, SD = 0.16). Cross-lagged analyses showed that depressive symptoms predicted increases in anger rumination but not vice versa. These relationships were consistent across boys and girls. Overall, the findings suggest that depressive symptoms may be a potential risk factor for anger rumination in early adolescence. Implications for preventions and treatments are also discussed.
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18
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Culbreth R, Spratling R. Mindfulness: Implications for Research Methods. J Pediatr Health Care 2022; 36:286-290. [PMID: 35168819 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mindfulness, defined as focusing on the present moment without judgment, has shown clinical efficacy in pediatric research. Mindfulness-based interventions reduce anxiety, depression, and burnout in pediatric nurses and health care providers, and improve asthmatic symptoms, eating disorders, and stress in pediatric patients. We provide an overview of mindfulness-based interventions in pediatric research, a summary of the techniques and exercises that comprise mindfulness, and a list of mindfulness measures that can be used for evaluating mindful practices in research. We aimed to provide an educational overview of how mindfulness can be incorporated into research methods, including interventions in pediatric health care.
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Zhang Y, Liu S, Yang L, Feng T, Yang X. Coparenting matters: The mediating effect of implicit theories of intelligence and depression on the relation between coparental conflict and STEM self-efficacy among Chinese adolescents. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Mindfulness May Buffer Psychological Distress in Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Differential Role of Mindfulness Facets. Psychol Belg 2021; 61:356-376. [PMID: 34900325 PMCID: PMC8622000 DOI: 10.5334/pb.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic strongly impacts adolescents’ mental health, a population particularly vulnerable to mental disorders, highlighting the need to identify protective factors against COVID-19 related psychological distress to inform policies and intervention strategies. Previous research suggests that mindfulness may be a promising factor that can lower the risk of detrimental psychological consequences related to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it is currently unknown which aspects of mindfulness contribute most to its protective effects. Moreover, previous studies mainly focused on adult samples. The present study aimed to address this gap by investigating the impact of specific mindfulness facets on adolescents’ COVID-19 related psychological functioning. 246 Dutch-speaking adolescents were recruited via social media to complete a cross-sectional online survey between June 29 and October 11, 2020. Participants were 16–18 years of age, most of them women (71%), and the majority followed the highest level of Belgian secondary education. Logistic regression analyses were performed to test the differential effects of each mindfulness facet on psychological functioning. Our results identified decentering as the facet of mindfulness that was uniquely associated with decreased worry and stress, improved mental health and quality of life, as well as with an increase in social connectedness with others following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Unexpectedly, decentering was negatively associated with adolescents’ helping behaviour during compared to before the pandemic. Implications for research on and application of mindfulness are discussed. Taken together, these findings suggest that the facet of decentering, among all facets of mindfulness, may represent the main protective factor against psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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21
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Pace TWW, Zeiders KH, Cook SH, Sarsar ED, Hoyt LT, Mirin NL, Wood EP, Tatar R, Davidson RJ. Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Efficacy of an App-Based Meditation Intervention to Decrease Firefighter Psychological Distress and Burnout: A One-Group Pilot Study (Preprint). JMIR Form Res 2021; 6:e34951. [PMID: 35675115 PMCID: PMC9218885 DOI: 10.2196/34951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Firefighters are often exposed to occupational stressors that can result in psychological distress (ie, anxiety and depression) and burnout. These occupational stressors have only intensified with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and will likely persist in the postpandemic world. Objective To address occupational stressors confronting firefighters, we pilot tested a novel, cost-effective, smartphone app–based meditation intervention created by Healthy Minds Innovations that focused on mindfulness (awareness) training along with practices designed to cultivate positive relationships (connection), insight into the nature of the self (insight), and a sense of purpose in the context of challenge (purpose) with a sample of professional firefighters from a large metropolitan area in southwestern United States. Methods A total of 35 participants were recruited from a closed online group listserv and completed the self-guided 10-unit meditation app over the course of 10 days, at 1 unit per day. We assessed anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, burnout, and negative affect as well as saliva diurnal cortisol rhythm, an objective indicator of stress-related biology, before and after use of the meditation app. Results This study demonstrated the meditation app was both feasible and acceptable for use by the majority of firefighters. We also found significant reductions in firefighters’ anxiety (P=.01), burnout (P=.05), and negative affect (P=.04), as well as changes in cortisol diurnal rhythm, such as waking cortisol (P=.02), from before to after use of the meditation app. Conclusions Our study findings call for future research to demonstrate the efficacy of this meditation app to reduce psychological distress and burnout in firefighters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaddeus W W Pace
- Division of Biobehavioral Health Science, College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Katharine H Zeiders
- Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Stephanie H Cook
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Evelyn D Sarsar
- Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Lindsay T Hoyt
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Nicholas L Mirin
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Erica P Wood
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Raquel Tatar
- Healthy Minds Innovation, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Richard J Davidson
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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22
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Garcia-Campayo J, López del Hoyo Y, Navarro-Gil M. Contemplative sciences: A future beyond mindfulness. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:87-93. [PMID: 33889534 PMCID: PMC8040148 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i4.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mindfulness is a psychological technique based on Eastern meditative practices that was developed in the late 1970s by Kabat-Zinn at the University of Massachusetts. Initially, there was a debate over whether it should be considered a scientific technique or labelled as part of the "new wave" practices. Today, mindfulness is omnipresent in modern societies but has suffered from merchandising and banalization, which has been strongly criticized. Despite some limitations regarding methodological aspects of mindfulness research, it is considered effective for treating many physical and psychological disorders, and even it is recommended in clinical guidelines such the British National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. During the last 2500 years, mindfulness practices have moved from Northern India across most of Asia, but their mixing with Western science and culture at the end of the 20th century is considered a key event in recent history. For the first time in human history, due to globalization, the wisdom of all contemplative traditions can be shared with all human beings and assessed by science. Mindfulness practices, yoga included, are giving birth to a new field of knowledge, contemplative sciences, which go beyond mindfulness and is devoted to helping humanity to reach higher levels of happiness and mental peace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Garcia-Campayo
- Department of Psychiatry, Miguel Servet Hospital, Aragon Institute for Health Research, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | | | - Mayte Navarro-Gil
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
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