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Ullah F, Shah KU, Shah SU, Nawaz A, Nawaz T, Khan KA, Alserihi RF, Tayeb HH, Tabrez S, Alfatama M. Synthesis, Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Chitosan Nanoparticles Physically Admixed with Lactose Microspheres for Pulmonary Delivery of Montelukast. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173564. [PMID: 36080637 PMCID: PMC9460706 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to synthesise montelukast-loaded polymeric nanoparticles via the ionic gelation method using chitosan as a natural polymer and tripolyphosphate as a crosslinking agent. Tween 80, hyaluronic acid and leucine were added to modify the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, reduce the nanoparticles’ uptake by alveolar macrophages and improve powder aerosolisation, respectively. The nanoparticles ranged from 220 nm to 383 nm with a polydispersity index of ≤0.50. The zeta potential of nanoparticles ranged from 11 mV to 22 mV, with a drug association efficiency of 46–86%. The simple chitosan nanoparticles (F2) were more spherical in comparison to other formulations (F4–F6), while the roughness of hyaluronic acid (F5) and leucine (F6) added formulations was significantly high er than F2 and Tween 80 added formulation (F4). The DSC and FTIR analysis depict that the physical and chemical properties of the drug were preserved. The release of the drugs from nanoparticles was more sustained in the case of F5 and F6 when compared to F2 and F4 due to the additional coating of hyaluronic acid and leucine. The nanoparticles were amorphous and cohesive and prone to exhalation due to their small size. Therefore, nanoparticles were admixed with lactose microspheres to reduce particle agglomeration and improve powder dispersion from a dry powder inhaler (DPI). The DPI formulations achieved a dispersed fraction of 75 to 90%, a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 1–2 µm and a fine particle fraction (FPF) of 28–83% when evaluated using the Anderson cascade impactor from Handihaler®. Overall, the montelukast-loaded nanoparticles physically admixed with lactose microspheres achieved optimum deposition in the deep lung for potential application in asthmatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faqir Ullah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Kifayat Ullah Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (K.U.S.); (A.N.); (M.A.)
| | | | - Asif Nawaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (K.U.S.); (A.N.); (M.A.)
| | - Touseef Nawaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Kamran Ahmad Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Raed F. Alserihi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam H. Tayeb
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Nanomedicine Unit, Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mulham Alfatama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, Besut 22200, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (K.U.S.); (A.N.); (M.A.)
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Zhang Y, Lin S, Fu J, Zhang W, Shu G, Lin J, Li H, Xu F, Tang H, Peng G, Zhao L, Chen S, Fu H. Nanocarriers for combating biofilms: advantages and challenges. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:1273-1287. [PMID: 35621701 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are highly resistant to antibiotics and pose a great threat to human and animal health. The control and removal of bacterial biofilms have become an important topic in the field of bacterial infectious diseases. Nanocarriers show great anti-biofilm potential because of their small particle size and strong permeability. In this review, the advantages of nanocarriers for combating biofilms are analyzed. Nanocarriers can act on all stages of bacterial biofilm formation and diffusion. They can improve the scavenging effect of biofilm by targeting biofilm, destroying extracellular polymeric substances, and enhancing the biofilm permeability of antimicrobial substances. Nanocarriers can also improve the antibacterial ability of antimicrobial drugs against bacteria in biofilm by protecting the loaded drugs and controlling the release of antimicrobial substances. Additionally, we emphasize the challenges faced in using nanocarrier formulations and translating them from a preclinical level to the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Zhang
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Shiyu Lin
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Juchun Lin
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Haohuan Li
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Funeng Xu
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Huaqiao Tang
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Hualin Fu
- Innovative Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
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Valente SA, Silva LM, Lopes GR, Sarmento B, Coimbra MA, Passos CP. Polysaccharide-based formulations as potential carriers for pulmonary delivery - A review of their properties and fates. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 277:118784. [PMID: 34893219 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides can be elite carriers for therapeutic molecules due to their versatility and low probability to trigger toxicity and immunogenic responses. Local and systemic therapies can be achieved through particle pulmonary delivery, a promising non-invasive alternative. Successful pulmonary delivery requires particles with appropriate flowability to reach alveoli and avoid premature clearance mechanisms. Polysaccharides can form micro-, nano-in-micro-, and large porous particles, aerogels, and hydrogels. Herein, the characteristics of polysaccharides used in drug formulations for pulmonary delivery are reviewed, providing insights into structure-function relationships. Charged polysaccharides can confer mucoadhesion, whereas the ability for specific sugar recognition may confer targeting capacity for alveolar macrophages. The method of particle preparation must be chosen considering the properties of the components and the delivery device to be utilized. The fate of polysaccharide-based carriers is dependent on enzyme-triggered hydrolytic and/or oxidative mechanisms, allowing their complete degradation and elimination through urine or reutilization of released monosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Valente
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Lisete M Silva
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Guido R Lopes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering Instituto, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; i3S - Institute for Research & Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; CESPU - Institute for Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Manuel A Coimbra
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cláudia P Passos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Oh JW, Shin J, Chun S, Muthu M, Gopal J. Evaluating the Anticarcinogenic Activity of Surface Modified/Functionalized Nanochitosan: The Emerging Trends and Endeavors. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3138. [PMID: 34578039 PMCID: PMC8471611 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan begins its humble journey from marine food shell wastes and ends up as a versatile nutraceutical. This review focuses on briefly discussing the antioxidant activity of chitosan and retrospecting the accomplishments of chitosan nanoparticles as an anticarcinogen. The various modified/functionalized/encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles and nanoforms have been listed and their biomedical deliverables presented. The anticancer accomplishments of chitosan and its modified composites have been reviewed and presented. The future of surface modified chitosan and the lacunae in the current research focus have been discussed as future perspective. This review puts forth the urge to expand the scientific curiosity towards attempting a variety of functionalization and surface modifications to chitosan. There are few well known modifications and functionalization that benefit biomedical applications that have been proven for other systems. Being a biodegradable, biocompatible polymer, chitosan-based nanomaterials are an attractive option for medical applications. Therefore, maximizing expansion of its bioactive properties are explored. The need for applying the ideal functionalization that will significantly promote the anticancer contributions of chitosan nanomaterials has also been stressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (J.-W.O.); (J.S.)
| | - Juhyun Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (J.-W.O.); (J.S.)
| | - Sechul Chun
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (S.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Manikandan Muthu
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (S.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Judy Gopal
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea; (S.C.); (M.M.)
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Liu H, Bi X, Wu Y, Pan M, Ma X, Mo L, Wang J, Li X. Cationic self-assembled peptide-based molecular hydrogels for extended ocular drug delivery. Acta Biomater 2021; 131:162-171. [PMID: 34157453 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The physiological barriers and clearance mechanism of the eye challenge the therapeutic delivery for treating various ocular disorders effectively. Here, we show the use of a cationic peptide (i.e., Nap-FFKK) as the molecular hydrogelator for generating supramolecular hydrogels spontaneously in a pH value of 5-7 which allows it to function as a promising ocular drug vehicle. The cationic peptide-based hydrogel hardly exhibited the cytotoxicity against human corneal epithelial cell (i.e., HCEC) from the in vitro cytotoxicity assay. Moreover, the single topical instillation of the hydrogel resulted in high ocular tolerance and biocompatibility. In vivo corneal distribution of the cationic peptide-based hydrogel showed that it dramatically increased the retention and the adhesion on the surface of cornea, compared to the anionic peptide-based analogue, owing to the ionic interactions with mucin on the ocular surface. In addition, we also synthesized environment-sensitive fluorophore-conjugated analogues (i.e., NBD-FFKK and NBD-FFD) to visualize the uptake of hydrogels in HCEC cells, revealing that the cationic peptide-based hydrogel displayed the better in vitro cellular uptake than the anionic peptide-based hydrogel. More importantly, the resulting cationic Nap-FFKK supramolecular hydrogel displayed a superior ocular bioavailability over that of anionic Nap-FFD supramolecular hydrogel, as indicated by in vivo pharmacokinetics study. This work, as a systematic investigation of ionic peptide-based molecular hydrogels in the ocular application, illustrates a new and powerful supramolecular approach for antagonizing clinically difficult ocular drug delivery. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Here we show the use of a cationic peptide as the molecular hydrogelator for generating supramolecular hydrogels, which allows it to function as a promising ocular drug vehicle for antagonizing the therapeutic delivery difficulties associated with the physiological barriers and clearance mechanism of the eye. The in vitro and in vivo studies of the hydrogel both show high ocular tolerance and biocompatibility. Moreover, the in vivo corneal distribution of the hydrogel exhibits the increased retention and adhesion on the surface of cornea. This work, as an investigation of cationic peptide-based molecular hydrogels in the ocular application, illustrates a powerful supramolecular approach for overcoming clinically difficult ocular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xiuqing Bi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yuqin Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Minmengqi Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Lihua Mo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jiaqing Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Xingyi Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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Mokgehle TM, Madala N, Gitari WM, Tavengwa NT. Advances in the development of biopolymeric adsorbents for the extraction of metabolites from nutraceuticals with emphasis on Solanaceae and subsequent pharmacological applications. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 264:118049. [PMID: 33910751 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Biopolymers are renowned for their sustainable, biodegradable, biocompatible and most of them have antitoxic characteristics. These versatile naturally derived compounds include proteins, polynucleotides (RNA and DNA) and polysaccharides. Cellulose and chitosan are the most abundant polysaccharides. Proteins and polysaccharides have been applied as emulsifiers. Additional applications of proteins and polysaccharides include cosmetics, food and wastewater treatment for adsorption of dyes and pesticides. However, more interesting applications of biopolymers are emerging, such as use in transport systems for delivery of plant derived nutraceuticals to sites of inflammation, due to its inherent ability to immobilize different biological and chemical systems. This review aims to give a summary on new trends and complement what is already known in the development of polysaccharides and proteins as adsorbents of nutraceutical compounds. The application of polysaccharides/protein containing the adsorbed Solanum derived nutraceutical compounds for drug deliveryis also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tebogo Mphatlalala Mokgehle
- Department of Chemistry, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
| | - Ntakadzeni Madala
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
| | - Wilson Mugera Gitari
- Department of Ecology and Resource Management, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
| | - Nikita Tawanda Tavengwa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa.
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Rahman Sabuj MZ, Islam N. Inhaled antibiotic-loaded polymeric nanoparticles for the management of lower respiratory tract infections. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:4005-4018. [PMID: 36132845 PMCID: PMC9419283 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00205h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are one of the leading causes of deaths in the world. Currently available treatment for this disease is with high doses of antibiotics which need to be administered frequently. Instead, pulmonary delivery of drugs has been considered as one of the most efficient routes of drug delivery to the targeted areas as it provides rapid onset of action, direct deposition of drugs into the lungs, and better therapeutic effects at low doses and is self-administrable by the patients. Thus, there is a need for scientists to design more convenient pulmonary drug delivery systems towards the innovation of a novel treatment system for LRTIs. Drug-encapsulating polymer nanoparticles have been investigated for lung delivery which could significantly reduce the limitations of the currently available treatment system for LRTIs. However, the selection of an appropriate polymer carrier for the drugs is a critical issue for the successful formulations of inhalable nanoparticles. In this review, the current understanding of LRTIs, management systems for this disease and their limitations, pulmonary drug delivery systems and the challenges of drug delivery through the pulmonary route are discussed. Drug-encapsulating polymer nanoparticles for lung delivery, antibiotics used in pulmonary delivery and drug encapsulation techniques have also been reviewed. A strong emphasis is placed on the impact of drug delivery into the infected lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zaidur Rahman Sabuj
- Pharmacy Discipline, School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Nazrul Islam
- Pharmacy Discipline, School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD Australia
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control (CIIC), Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD Australia
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Recent Biomedical Approaches for Chitosan Based Materials as Drug Delivery Nanocarriers. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040587. [PMID: 33924046 PMCID: PMC8073149 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, drug delivery systems (DDSs) based on nanotechnology have been attracting substantial interest in the pharmaceutical field, especially those developed based on natural polymers such as chitosan, cellulose, starch, collagen, gelatin, alginate and elastin. Nanomaterials based on chitosan (CS) or chitosan derivatives are broadly investigated as promising nanocarriers due to their biodegradability, good biocompatibility, non-toxicity, low immunogenicity, great versatility and beneficial biological effects. CS, either alone or as composites, are suitable substrates in the fabrication of different types of products like hydrogels, membranes, beads, porous foams, nanoparticles, in-situ gel, microparticles, sponges and nanofibers/scaffolds. Currently, the CS based nanocarriers are intensely studied as controlled and targeted drug release systems for different drugs (anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, anticancer etc.) as well as for proteins/peptides, growth factors, vaccines, small DNA (DNAs) and short interfering RNA (siRNA). This review targets the latest biomedical approaches for CS based nanocarriers such as nanoparticles (NPs) nanofibers (NFs), nanogels (NGs) and chitosan coated liposomes (LPs) and their potential applications for medical and pharmaceutical fields. The advantages and challenges of reviewed CS based nanocarriers for different routes of administration (oral, transmucosal, pulmonary and transdermal) with reference to classical formulations are also emphasized.
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Abstract
Multifunctional nanoparticles have been identified as a promising drug-delivery system for sustainable drug release. The structural and size tunability and disease-targeting ability of nanoparticles have made them more suitable for multiple drug loading and delivery, thereby enhancing therapeutic results through synergistic effects. Nanoparticulate carriers with specific features such as target specificity and stimuli-responsiveness enable selective drug delivery with lower potential side effects. In this review we have classified the recently published articles on polymeric and inorganic nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery into three different categories based on functionality and discussed their efficiency for drug delivery and their therapeutic outcomes in preclinical models. Most of the drug-loaded nanodelivery systems discussed have demonstrated negligible or very low systemic toxicity throughout the experimental period in animal models compared with free drug administration. In addition, some challenges associated with the translation of nanoparticle-based drug carrier responses to clinical application are highlighted.
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Hassanpour S, Kim HJ, Saadati A, Tebon P, Xue C, van den Dolder FW, Thakor J, Baradaran B, Mosafer J, Baghbanzadeh A, de Barros NR, Hashemzaei M, Lee KJ, Lee J, Zhang S, Sun W, Cho HJ, Ahadian S, Ashammakhi N, Dokmeci MR, Mokhtarzadeh A, Khademhosseini A. Thrombolytic Agents: Nanocarriers in Controlled Release. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2001647. [PMID: 32790000 PMCID: PMC7702193 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thrombosis is a life-threatening pathological condition in which blood clots form in blood vessels, obstructing or interfering with blood flow. Thrombolytic agents (TAs) are enzymes that can catalyze the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin to dissolve blood clots. The plasmin formed by TAs breaks down fibrin clots into soluble fibrin that finally dissolves thrombi. Several TAs have been developed to treat various thromboembolic diseases, such as pulmonary embolisms, acute myocardial infarction, deep vein thrombosis, and extensive coronary emboli. However, systemic TA administration can trigger non-specific activation that can increase the incidence of bleeding. Moreover, protein-based TAs are rapidly inactivated upon injection resulting in the need for large doses. To overcome these limitations, various types of nanocarriers have been introduced that enhance the pharmacokinetic effects by protecting the TA from the biological environment and targeting the release into coagulation. The nanocarriers show increasing half-life, reducing side effects, and improving overall TA efficacy. In this work, the recent advances in various types of TAs and nanocarriers are thoroughly reviewed. Various types of nanocarriers, including lipid-based, polymer-based, and metal-based nanoparticles are described, for the targeted delivery of TAs. This work also provides insights into issues related to the future of TA development and successful clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soodabeh Hassanpour
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. Listopadu 12, Olomouc, 77146, Czech Republic
| | - Han-Jun Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) and California NanoSystems Institute University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Arezoo Saadati
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 516614731, Iran
| | - Peyton Tebon
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) and California NanoSystems Institute University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Chengbin Xue
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) and California NanoSystems Institute University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Floor W van den Dolder
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) and California NanoSystems Institute University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Division Heart and Lungs, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, GA, 3508, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, CT, 3584, The Netherlands
| | - Jai Thakor
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) and California NanoSystems Institute University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 516614731, Iran
| | - Jafar Mosafer
- Research Center of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, 9519633787, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 516614731, Iran
| | - Natan Roberto de Barros
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) and California NanoSystems Institute University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mahmoud Hashemzaei
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, 9861618335, Iran
| | - Kang Ju Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) and California NanoSystems Institute University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Junmin Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) and California NanoSystems Institute University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shiming Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) and California NanoSystems Institute University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Wujin Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) and California NanoSystems Institute University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hyun-Jong Cho
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) and California NanoSystems Institute University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) and California NanoSystems Institute University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) and California NanoSystems Institute University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Radiology and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mehmet R Dokmeci
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) and California NanoSystems Institute University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Radiology and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 516614731, Iran
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Bioengineering, Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT) and California NanoSystems Institute University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Radiology and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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11
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Ainali NM, Xanthopoulou E, Michailidou G, Zamboulis A, Bikiaris DN. Microencapsulation of Fluticasone Propionate and Salmeterol Xinafoate in Modified Chitosan Microparticles for Release Optimization. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173888. [PMID: 32859128 PMCID: PMC7503413 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) is a natural polysaccharide, widely studied in the past due to its unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxicity. Chemical modification of CS is an effective pathway to prepare new matrices with additional functional groups and improved properties, such as increment of hydrophilicity and swelling rate, for drug delivery purposes. In the present study, four derivatives of CS with trans-aconitic acid (t-Acon), succinic anhydride (Succ), 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (2-HEA) and acrylic acid (AA) were prepared, and their successful grafting was confirmed by FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopies. Neat chitosan and its grafted derivatives were fabricated for the encapsulation of fluticasone propionate (FLU) and salmeterol xinafoate (SX) drugs, used for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), via the ionotropic gelation technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs demonstrated that round-shaped microparticles (MPs) were effectively prepared with average sizes ranging between 0.4 and 2.2 μm, as were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS), while zeta potential verified in all cases their positive charged surface. FTIR spectroscopy showed that some interactions take place between the drugs and the polymeric matrices, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns exhibited that both drugs were encapsulated in MPs’ interior with a lower degree of crystallinity than the neat drugs. In vitro release studies of FLU and SX exposed a great amelioration in the drugs’ dissolution profile from all modified CS’s MPs, in comparison to those of neat drugs. The latter fact is attributed to the reduction in crystallinity of the active substances in the MPs’ interior.
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12
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Kim CS, Mathew AP, Uthaman S, Moon MJ, Bae EH, Kim SW, Park IK. Glycol chitosan-based renal docking biopolymeric nanomicelles for site-specific delivery of the immunosuppressant. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 241:116255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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13
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Maciel VB, Yoshida CM, Boesch C, Goycoolea FM, Carvalho RA. Iron-rich chitosan-pectin colloidal microparticles laden with ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia aculeata Miller) extract. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Eliyahu S, Almeida A, Macedo MH, das Neves J, Sarmento B, Bianco-Peled H. The effect of freeze-drying on mucoadhesion and transport of acrylated chitosan nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2020; 573:118739. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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15
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Mosaiab T, Farr DC, Kiefel MJ, Houston TA. Carbohydrate-based nanocarriers and their application to target macrophages and deliver antimicrobial agents. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 151-152:94-129. [PMID: 31513827 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many deadly infections are produced by microorganisms capable of sustained survival in macrophages. This reduces exposure to chemadrotherapy, prevents immune detection, and is akin to criminals hiding in police stations. Therefore, the use of glyco-nanoparticles (GNPs) as carriers of therapeutic agents is a burgeoning field. Such an approach can enhance the penetration of drugs into macrophages with specific carbohydrate targeting molecules on the nanocarrier to interact with macrophage lectins. Carbohydrates are natural biological molecules and the key constituents in a large variety of biological events such as cellular communication, infection, inflammation, enzyme trafficking, cellular migration, cancer metastasis and immune functions. The prominent characteristics of carbohydrates including biodegradability, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity and the highly specific interaction of targeting cell-surface receptors support their potential application to drug delivery systems (DDS). This review presents the 21st century development of carbohydrate-based nanocarriers for drug targeting of therapeutic agents for diseases localized in macrophages. The significance of natural carbohydrate-derived nanoparticles (GNPs) as anti-microbial drug carriers is highlighted in several areas of treatment including tuberculosis, salmonellosis, leishmaniasis, candidiasis, and HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamim Mosaiab
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Dylan C Farr
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Milton J Kiefel
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Todd A Houston
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD 4222, Australia.
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16
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Islam N, Dmour I, Taha MO. Degradability of chitosan micro/nanoparticles for pulmonary drug delivery. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01684. [PMID: 31193324 PMCID: PMC6525292 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan, a natural carbohydrate polymer, has long been investigated for drug delivery and medical applications due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility and low toxicity. The micro/nanoparticulate forms of chitosan are reported to enhance the efficiency of drug delivery with better physicochemical properties including improved solubility and bioavailability. This polymer is known to be biodegradable and biocompatible; however, crosslinked chitosan particles may not be biodegradable. Crosslinkers (e.g., tripolyphosphate and glutaraldehyde) are needed for efficient micro/nanoparticle formation, but it is not clear whether the resultant particles are biodegradable or able to release the encapsulated drug fully. To date, no studies have conclusively demonstrated the complete biodegradation or elimination of chitosan nanoparticles in vivo. Herein we review the synthesis and degradation mechanisms of chitosan micro/nanoparticles frequently used in drug delivery especially in pulmonary drug delivery to understand whether these nanoparticles are biodegradable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazrul Islam
- Pharmacy Discipline, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, QUT, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Isra Dmour
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mutasem O Taha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, 11942 Jordan
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17
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Enhanced EPR directed and Imaging guided Photothermal Therapy using Vitamin E Modified Toco-Photoxil. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16673. [PMID: 30420735 PMCID: PMC6232175 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34898-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report synthesis, characterization and preclinical applications of a novel hybrid nanomaterial Toco-Photoxil developed using vitamin E modified gold coated poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoshells incorporating Pgp inhibitor d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) as a highly inert and disintegrable photothermal therapy (PTT) agent. Toco-Photoxil is highly biocompatible, physiologically stable PTT material with an average diameter of 130 nm that shows good passive accumulation (2.3% ID) in solid tumors when delivered systemically. In comparison to its surface modified counterparts such as IR780-Toco-Photoxil, FA-Toco-Photoxil or FA-IR780-Toco-Photoxil accumulation are merely ~0.3% ID, ~0.025% ID and ~0.005% ID in folate receptor (FR) negative and positive tumor model. Further, Toco-Photoxil variants are prepared by tuning the material absorbance either at 750 nm (narrow) or 915 nm (broad) to study optimal therapeutic efficacy in terms of peak broadness and nanomaterial’s concentration. Our findings suggest that Toco-Photoxil tuned at 750 nm absorbance is more efficient (P = 0.0097) in preclinical setting. Toco-Photoxil shows complete passiveness in critical biocompatibility test and reasonable body clearance. High tumor specific accumulation from systemic circulation, strong photothermal conversion and a very safe material property in body physiology makes Toco-Photoxil a superior and powerful PTT agent, which may pave its way for fast track clinical trial in future.
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18
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Dissolution of fine particle fraction from truncated Anderson cascade impactor with an enhancer cell. Int J Pharm 2018; 545:45-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Silva DM, Paleco R, Traini D, Sencadas V. Development of ciprofloxacin-loaded poly(vinyl alcohol) dry powder formulations for lung delivery. Int J Pharm 2018; 547:114-121. [PMID: 29803795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric microparticles are micro carriers for the sustained drug delivery of drugs in the lungs, used as alternatives to the use of established excipients. This study aims to develop and characterize inhalable ciprofloxacin (CPx)-loaded poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) microparticles by a single-step spray-drying procedure. The optimization of the processing parameters was achieved by an orthogonal design of the most relevant processing parameters (polymer concentration, feed rate and inlet temperature). The obtained spray-dried particles showed a drug encapsulation efficiency higher than 90%. Furthermore, PVA-CPx formulations, with drug contents up to 10 wt%, showed a morphology and size suitable for inhalation, with a sustained release profile over 24 h. Data from Fourier transformed infra-red spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry indicated absence of interaction between the polymer matrix and the drug. Aerodynamic assessment of PVA-CPx 10 wt% was determined by the next generation impactor (NGI), using spray-dried CPx as a control. The results showed improved values of mass median aerodynamic diameter (5.06±0.10μm) and a fine particle fraction (39.78±0.98%) when comparing with the CPx alone (5.33±0.39μm and 30.43±1.38%). This study highlights the potential of spray-dried PVA microparticles as drug carriers for lung local delivery of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina M Silva
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Roberto Paleco
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Vitor Sencadas
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; ARC Center of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, 2522 NSW, Australia.
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20
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Castellani S, Trapani A, Spagnoletta A, di Toma L, Magrone T, Di Gioia S, Mandracchia D, Trapani G, Jirillo E, Conese M. Nanoparticle delivery of grape seed-derived proanthocyanidins to airway epithelial cells dampens oxidative stress and inflammation. J Transl Med 2018; 16:140. [PMID: 29792199 PMCID: PMC5966913 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1509-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic respiratory diseases, whose one of the hallmarks is oxidative stress, are still incurable and need novel therapeutic tools and pharmaceutical agents. The phenolic compounds contained in grape are endowed with well-recognized anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-aging activities. Considering that natural anti-oxidants, such as proanthocyanidins, have poor water solubility and oral bioavailability, we have developed a drug delivery system based on solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), apt to encapsulate grape seed extract (GSE), containing proanthocyanidins. Methods Plain, 6-coumarin (6-Coum), DiR- and GSE-loaded SLN were produced with the melt-emulsion method. Physicochemical characterization of all prepared SLN was determined by photon correlation spectroscopy and laser Doppler anemometry. MTT assay (spectrophotometry) and propidium iodide (PI) assay (cytofluorimetry) were used to assess cell viability. Flow cytometry coupled with cell imaging was performed for assessing apoptosis and necrosis by Annexin V/7-AAD staining (plain SLE), cell internalization (6-Coum-SLN) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (SLN-GSE). NF-κB nuclear translocation was studied by immunofluorescence. In vivo bio-imaging was used to assess lung deposition and persistence of aerosolized DiR-loaded SLN. Results Plain SLN were not cytotoxic when incubated with H441 airway epithelial cells, as judged by both PI and MTT assays as well as by apoptosis/necrosis evaluation. 6-Coum-loaded SLN were taken up by H441 cells in a dose-dependent fashion and persisted into cells at detectable levels up to 16 days. SLN were detected in mice lungs up to 6 days. SLN-GSE possessed 243 nm as mean diameter, were negatively charged, and stable in size at 37 °C in Simulated Lung Fluid up to 48 h and at 4 °C in double distilled water up to 2 months. The content of SLN in proanthocyanidins remained unvaried up to 2 months. GSE-loaded SLN determined a significant reduction in ROS production when added 24–72 h before the stimulation with hydrogen peroxide. Interestingly, while at 24 h free GSE determined a higher decrease of ROS production than SLN-GSE, the contrary was seen at 48 and 72 h. Similar results were observed for NF-κB nuclear translocation. Conclusions SLN are a biocompatible drug delivery system for natural anti-oxidants obtained from grape seed in a model of oxidative stress in airway epithelial cells. They feature stability and long-term persistence inside cells where they release proanthocyanidins. These results could pave the way to novel anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory therapies for chronic respiratory diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1509-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Castellani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - A Trapani
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - A Spagnoletta
- Laboratory "BioProducts and BioProcesses", ENEA Research Centre Trisaia, Rotondella, MT, Italy
| | - L di Toma
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - T Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - S Di Gioia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - D Mandracchia
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - G Trapani
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - E Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - M Conese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
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21
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Preparation of drug-loaded small unilamellar liposomes and evaluation of their potential for the treatment of chronic respiratory diseases. Int J Pharm 2018; 545:378-388. [PMID: 29678545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the influence of liposome formulation on the ability of vesicles to penetrate a pathological mucus model obtained from COPD affected patients in order to assess the potential of such vesicles for the treatment of chronic respiratory diseases by inhalation. Therefore, Small Unilamellar Liposomes (PLAIN-LIPOSOMEs), Pluronic® F127-surface modified liposomes (PF-LIPOSOMEs) and PEG 2000PE-surface modified liposomes (PEG-LIPOSOMEs) were prepared using the micelle-to-vesicle transition (MVT) method and beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) as model drug. The obtained liposomes showed diameters in the range of 40-65 nm, PDI values between 0.25 and 0.30 and surface electric charge essentially close to zero. The encapsulation efficiency was found to be dependent on the BDP/lipid ratio used and, furthermore, BDP-loaded liposomes were stable in size both at 37 °C and at 4 °C. All liposomes were not cytotoxic on H441 cell line as assessed by the MTT assay. The liposome uptake was evaluated through a cytofluorimetric assay that showed a non-significant reduction in the internalization of PEG-LIPOSOMEs as compared with PLAIN-LIPOSOMEs. The penetration studies of mucus from COPD patients showed that the PEG-LIPOSOMEs were the most mucus-penetrating vesicles after 27 h. In addition, PEG- and PF-LIPOSOMEs did not cause any effect on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid proteins after aerosol administration in the mouse. The results highlight that PEG-LIPOSOMEs show the most interesting features in terms of penetration through the pathologic sputum, uptake by airway epithelial cells and safety profile.
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Costa A, Sarmento B, Seabra V. Mannose-functionalized solid lipid nanoparticles are effective in targeting alveolar macrophages. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 114:103-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Santalices I, Gonella A, Torres D, Alonso MJ. Advances on the formulation of proteins using nanotechnologies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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24
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Mohammed MA, Syeda JTM, Wasan KM, Wasan EK. An Overview of Chitosan Nanoparticles and Its Application in Non-Parenteral Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2017; 9:E53. [PMID: 29156634 PMCID: PMC5750659 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics9040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 651] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The focus of this review is to provide an overview of the chitosan based nanoparticles for various non-parenteral applications and also to put a spotlight on current research including sustained release and mucoadhesive chitosan dosage forms. Chitosan is a biodegradable, biocompatible polymer regarded as safe for human dietary use and approved for wound dressing applications. Chitosan has been used as a carrier in polymeric nanoparticles for drug delivery through various routes of administration. Chitosan has chemical functional groups that can be modified to achieve specific goals, making it a polymer with a tremendous range of potential applications. Nanoparticles (NP) prepared with chitosan and chitosan derivatives typically possess a positive surface charge and mucoadhesive properties such that can adhere to mucus membranes and release the drug payload in a sustained release manner. Chitosan-based NP have various applications in non-parenteral drug delivery for the treatment of cancer, gastrointestinal diseases, pulmonary diseases, drug delivery to the brain and ocular infections which will be exemplified in this review. Chitosan shows low toxicity both in vitro and some in vivo models. This review explores recent research on chitosan based NP for non-parenteral drug delivery, chitosan properties, modification, toxicity, pharmacokinetics and preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munawar A Mohammed
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
| | - Jaweria T M Syeda
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
| | - Kishor M Wasan
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
| | - Ellen K Wasan
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
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25
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Maciel VBV, Yoshida CMP, Pereira SMSS, Goycoolea FM, Franco TT. Electrostatic Self-Assembled Chitosan-Pectin Nano- and Microparticles for Insulin Delivery. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101707. [PMID: 29023400 PMCID: PMC6151702 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A polyelectrolyte complex system of chitosan-pectin nano- and microparticles was developed to encapsulate the hormone insulin. The aim of this work was to obtain small particles for oral insulin delivery without chemical crosslinkers based on natural and biodegradable polysaccharides. The nano- and microparticles were developed using chitosans (with different degrees of acetylation: 15.0% and 28.8%) and pectin solutions at various charge ratios (n⁺/n- given by the chitosan/pectin mass ratio) and total charge. Nano- and microparticles were characterized regarding particle size, zeta potential, production yield, encapsulation efficiency, stability in different media, transmission electron microscopy and cytotoxicity assays using Caco-2 cells. The insulin release was evaluated in vitro in simulated gastric and intestinal media. Small-sized particles (~240-~1900 nm) with a maximum production yield of ~34.0% were obtained. The highest encapsulation efficiency (~62.0%) of the system was observed at a charge ratio (n⁺/n-) 5.00. The system was stable in various media, particularly in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed spherical shape particles when insulin was added to the system. In simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8), controlled insulin release occurred over 2 h. In vitro tests indicated that the proposed system presents potential as a drug delivery for oral administration of bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius B V Maciel
- Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, USP-University of São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga CEP 13635-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNICAMP-State University of Campinas, Av. Albert Einstein, 500, Campinas CEP 13083-852, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Cristiana M P Yoshida
- Department of Exact and Earth Science, UNIFESP-Federal University of São Paulo, Rua São Nicolau, 210, Diadema CEP 09913-030, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Susana M S S Pereira
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossgarten 3, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Francisco M Goycoolea
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Schlossgarten 3, 48149 Münster, Germany.
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Telma T Franco
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNICAMP-State University of Campinas, Av. Albert Einstein, 500, Campinas CEP 13083-852, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Marasini N, Haque S, Kaminskas LM. Polymer-drug conjugates as inhalable drug delivery systems: A review. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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27
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Mucoadhesive properties of low molecular weight chitosan- or glycol chitosan- and corresponding thiomer-coated poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) core-shell nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 117:315-323. [PMID: 28455206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to evaluate the mucoadhesive properties of poly(isobutyl cyanoacrylate) (PIBCA) nanoparticles (NPs) coated with Low Molecular Weight (LMW) chitosan (CS)- and glycol chitosan (GCS)-based thiomers as well as with the corresponding LMW unmodified polysaccharides. For this purpose, all the CS- and GCS-based thiomers were prepared under simple and mild conditions starting from the LMW unmodified polymers CS and GCS. The resulting NPs were of spherical shape with diameters ranging from 400 to 600nm and 187 to 309nm, for CS- and GCS-based NPs, respectively. The mucoadhesive characteristics of these core shell NPs were studied in Ussing chambers measuring the percentage of NPs stuck on the mucosal of fresh intestinal tissue after 2h of incubation. Moreover, incubation of nanoparticle formulations with the intestinal tissue induced changes in transmucosal electrical resistance which were measured to gain information into the opening of tight junctions and to control the integrity of the mucosa. Thus, it was found that PIBCA NPs coated with the GCS-Glutathione conjugate (GCGPIBCA NPs) possessed the most favorable mucoadhesive performances. Moreover, both GCGPIBCA- and GCS-N-acetyl-cysteine (GCNPIBCA)-core-shell NPs might induced an enlargement of the epithelial cell tight junctions. In conclusion, coating of PIBCA NPs with GCS-based thiomers may be useful for improving the mucoadhesive and permeation properties of these nanocarriers.
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Yildiz-Pekoz A, Ozsoy Y. Inhaled Heparin: Therapeutic Efficacy and Recent Formulations. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2017; 30:143-156. [PMID: 28418758 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2015.1273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin is well known for its anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory properties. Inhaled heparin regimens are increasingly being used to manage lung disease. It has been used to treat cystic fibrosis, thromboembolism, and pulmonary fibrosis, as well as bronchial asthma and asthma-induced airway hypersensitivity. Several preclinical studies attained some useful effects of heparin-administered, parenterally and through inhalation, treatment of lung disease. Besides, recent clinical trials suggest that inhaled heparin for lung diseases is beneficial and safe, but such data remain to be limited. In 2005, the orphan designation was granted by the European Commission for heparin sodium (inhalation use) for the treatment of cystic fibrosis. The positive results of heparin in the pulmonary route necessitate a focus on the preparation and evaluation of heparin in advanced drug delivery systems, namely nano/microparticles and liposomes. Through this pulmonary delivery, heparin is protected from enzymatic degradation within the airway. Heparin is thus passively targeted into the lungs, and long-lasting localized treatment is achieved. On the other hand, these systems have encountered several problems as follows: (1) polymers, such as poly-L-lactide-glycolic acid, poly (lactic acid), and chitosan, used to prepare heparin-loaded microparticle/nanoparticle (MP/NP) systems have not been granted approval for lung application by the FDA and (2) liposomal and NP formulation stability is the main problem of formulation design. We propose that additional in vitro and in vivo research is necessary to assess the clinical applicability of this treatment strategy. The present article discusses heparin treatments for lung diseases and the use of heparin and/or heparin-loaded drugs in advanced delivery systems through the pulmonary route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayca Yildiz-Pekoz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yildiz Ozsoy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey
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Tripodo G, Trapani A, Torre ML, Giammona G, Trapani G, Mandracchia D. Hyaluronic acid and its derivatives in drug delivery and imaging: Recent advances and challenges. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 97:400-16. [PMID: 26614559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a biodegradable, biocompatible, nontoxic, and non-immunogenic glycosaminoglycan used for various biomedical applications. The interaction of HA with the CD44 receptor, whose expression is elevated on the surface of many types of tumor cells, makes this polymer a promising candidate for intracellular delivery of imaging and anticancer agents exploiting a receptor-mediated active targeting strategy. Therefore, HA and its derivatives have been most investigated for the development of several carrier systems intended for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Nonetheless, different and important delivery applications of the polysaccharide have also been described, including gene and peptide/protein drugs delivery. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the existing recent literature on the use of HA and its derivatives for drug delivery and imaging. Notable attention is given to nanotheranostic systems obtained after conjugation of HA to nanocarriers as quantum dots, carbon nanotubes and graphene. Meanwhile, attention is also paid to some challenging aspects that need to be addressed in order to allow translation of preclinical models based on HA and its derivatives for drug delivery and imaging purposes to clinical testing and further their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Tripodo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Adriana Trapani
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Torre
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Gaetano Giammona
- Department of "Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche, Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF)", University of Palermo, via Archirafi 32, Palermo 90123, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Trapani
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Delia Mandracchia
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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Trapani A, Tripodo G, Mandracchia D, Cioffi N, Ditaranto N, Cerezuela R, Esteban MA. Glutathione loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: Preparation and in vitro evaluation as delivery systems of the antioxidant peptide to immunocompetent fish cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/jcb-15022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Trapani
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, via Orabona, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tripodo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, viale Taramelli, Pavia, Italia
| | - Delia Mandracchia
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, via Orabona, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Cioffi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, via Orabona, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Ditaranto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, via Orabona, Bari, Italy
| | - Rebeca Cerezuela
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Esteban
- Department of Cell Biology & Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Islam N, Ferro V. Recent advances in chitosan-based nanoparticulate pulmonary drug delivery. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:14341-58. [PMID: 27439116 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr03256g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The advent of biodegradable polymer-encapsulated drug nanoparticles has made the pulmonary route of administration an exciting area of drug delivery research. Chitosan, a natural biodegradable and biocompatible polysaccharide has received enormous attention as a carrier for drug delivery. Recently, nanoparticles of chitosan (CS) and its synthetic derivatives have been investigated for the encapsulation and delivery of many drugs with improved targeting and controlled release. Herein, recent advances in the preparation and use of micro-/nanoparticles of chitosan and its derivatives for pulmonary delivery of various therapeutic agents (drugs, genes, vaccines) are reviewed. Although chitosan has wide applications in terms of formulations and routes of drug delivery, this review is focused on pulmonary delivery of drug-encapsulated nanoparticles of chitosan and its derivatives. In addition, the controversial toxicological effects of chitosan nanoparticles for lung delivery will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazrul Islam
- Pharmacy Discipline, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
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Muhsin MDA, George G, Beagley K, Ferro V, Wang H, Islam N. Effects of Chemical Conjugation of l-Leucine to Chitosan on Dispersibility and Controlled Release of Drug from a Nanoparticulate Dry Powder Inhaler Formulation. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1455-66. [PMID: 26998555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated l-leucine-conjugated chitosan as a drug delivery vehicle in terms of dispersibility and controlled release from a nanoparticulate dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulation for pulmonary delivery using diltiazem hydrochloride (DH) as the model drug. DH-loaded nanoparticles of chitosan and conjugate were prepared by water-in-oil emulsification followed by glutaraldehyde cross-linking. Nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering for particle size, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for surface composition, and twin stage impinger for drug dispersibility. The controlled release of DH was studied in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.3 ± 0.2, 37 °C) using UV spectrophotometry. The fine particle fractions of conjugated chitosan with and without drug were higher than those of nonconjugated chitosan nanoparticles. The conjugate nanoparticles were superior to those of unmodified chitosan in drug loading, entrapment efficiency, and controlled release profile. The higher dispersibility was attributed to the amphiphilic environment of the l-leucine conjugate and hydrophobic cross-links, and the release profile reflects the greater swelling. The conjugated chitosan nanoparticles could be useful, after appropriate testing for biodegradability and toxicity, as an alternative carrier for lung drug delivery with enhanced aerosolization and prolonged drug release from nanoparticulate DPI formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad D A Muhsin
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia.,Pharmacy Discipline, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Graeme George
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia.,School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Kenneth Beagley
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hui Wang
- Pharmacy Discipline, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Nazrul Islam
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology , 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia.,Pharmacy Discipline, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
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Haque S, Whittaker MR, McIntosh MP, Pouton CW, Kaminskas LM. Disposition and safety of inhaled biodegradable nanomedicines: Opportunities and challenges. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:1703-24. [PMID: 27033834 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The inhaled delivery of nanomedicines can provide a novel, non-invasive therapeutic strategy for the more localised treatment of lung-resident diseases and potentially also enable the systemic delivery of therapeutics that are otherwise administered via injection alone. However, the clinical translation of inhalable nanomedicine is being hampered by our lack of understanding about their disposition and clearance from the lungs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the biodegradable nanomaterials that are currently being explored as inhalable drug delivery systems and our current understanding of their disposition within, and clearance from the lungs. The safety of biodegradable nanomaterials in the lungs is discussed and latest updates are provided on the impact of inflammation on the pulmonary pharmacokinetics of inhaled nanomaterials. Overall, the review provides an in-depth and critical assessment of the lung clearance mechanisms for inhaled biodegradable nanomedicines and highlights the opportunities and challenges for their translation into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadabul Haque
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics Group, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael R Whittaker
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics Group, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle P McIntosh
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics Group, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Colin W Pouton
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics Group, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa M Kaminskas
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics Group, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Mogoşanu GD, Grumezescu AM, Bejenaru C, Bejenaru LE. Polymeric protective agents for nanoparticles in drug delivery and targeting. Int J Pharm 2016; 510:419-29. [PMID: 26972379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification/functionalization of nanoparticles (NPs) using polymeric protective agents is an issue of great importance and actuality for drug delivery and targeting. Improving the blood circulation half-life of surface-protected nanocarriers is closely related to the elimination of main biological barriers and limiting factors (protein absorption and opsonization), due to the phagocytic activity of reticuloendothelial system. For passive or active targeted delivery, in biomedical area, surface-functionalized NPs with tissue-recognition ligands were designed and optimized as a result of modern research techniques. Also, multi-functionalized nanostructures are characterized by enhanced bioavailability, efficacy, targeted localization, active cellular uptake, and low side effects. Surface-protected NPs are obtained from biocompatible, biodegradable and less toxic natural polymers (dextran, β-cyclodextrin, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, heparin, gelatin) or synthetic polymers, such as poly(lactic acid), poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid, poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(alkyl cyanoacrylates). PEGylation is one of the most important functionalization methods providing steric stabilization, long circulating and 'stealth' properties for both polymeric and inorganic-based nanosystems. In addition, for their antimicrobial, antiviral and antitumor effects, cutting-edge researches in the field of pharmaceutical nanobiotechnology highlighted the importance of noble metal (platinum, gold, silver) NPs decorated with biopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Dan Mogoşanu
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxidic Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Cornelia Bejenaru
- Department of Vegetal & Animal Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Ludovic Everard Bejenaru
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Cefazolin loaded chitosan nanoparticles to cure multi drug resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 136:682-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anticoagulants have been prescribed to patients to prevent deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. However, because of several problems in anticoagulant therapy, much attention has been directed at developing an ideal anticoagulant, and numerous attempts have been made to develop new anticoagulant delivery systems in recent years. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the challenges associated with the recent development of anticoagulants and their delivery systems. Various delivery methods have been developed to improve the use of anticoagulants. Recent advances in anticoagulant delivery and antidote development are also discussed in the context of their current progression states. EXPERT OPINION There have been many different approaches to developing the delivery system of anticoagulants. One approach has been to expand the use of new oral agents and develop their antidotes. Reducing the size of heparins to use smaller heparins for delivery, and developing oral or topical heparins are also some of the approaches used. Various physical formulations or chemical modifications are other ways that have enhanced the therapeutic potential of anticoagulant agents. On the whole, recent advances have contributed to increasing the efficacy and safety of anticoagulant clinically and have benefited the field of anticoagulant delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooho Park
- a Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Youngro Byun
- a Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Du J, Li X, Zhao H, Zhou Y, Wang L, Tian S, Wang Y. Nanosuspensions of poorly water-soluble drugs prepared by bottom-up technologies. Int J Pharm 2015; 495:738-49. [PMID: 26383838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, nanosuspension has been considered effective in the delivery of water-soluble drugs. One of the main challenges to effective drug delivery is designing an appropriate nanosuspension preparation approach with low energy input and erosion contamination, such as the bottom-up method. This review focuses on bottom-up technologies for preparation of nanosuspensions. The features and advantages of drug nanosuspension, including bottom-up methods as well as the corresponding characterization techniques, solidification methods, and drug delivery dosage forms, are discussed in detail. Certain limitations of commercial nanosuspension products are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Hospital, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, Shandong, PR China
| | - Huanxin Zhao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yuqi Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lulu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Shushu Tian
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yancai Wang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, Shandong, PR China
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Intranasal delivery of dopamine to the striatum using glycol chitosan/sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin based nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 94:180-93. [PMID: 26032293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate chitosan (CS)-, glycol chitosan (GCS)- and corresponding thiomer-based nanoparticles (NPs) for delivering dopamine (DA) to the brain by nasal route. Thus, the polyanions tripolyphosphate and sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD), respectively, were used as polycation crosslinking agents and SBE-β-CD also in order to enhance the DA stability. The most interesting formulation, containing GCS and SBE-β-CD, was denoted as DA GCS/DA-CD NPs. NMR spectroscopy demonstrated an inclusion complex formation between SBE-β-CD and DA. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed the presence of DA on the external surface of NPs. DA GCS/DA-CD NPs showed cytotoxic effect toward Olfactory Ensheathing Cells only at higher dosage. Acute administration of DA GCS/DA-CD NPs into the right nostril of rats did not modify the levels of the neurotransmitter in both right and left striatum. Conversely, repeated intranasal administration of DA GCS/DA-CD NPs into the right nostril significantly increased DA in the ipsilateral striatum. Fluorescent microscopy of olfactory bulb after acute administration of DA fluorescent-labeled GCS/DA-CD NPs into the right nostril showed the presence of NPs only in the right olfactory bulb and no morphological tissue damage occurred. Thus, these GCS based NPs could be potentially used as carriers for nose-to-brain DA delivery for the Parkinson's disease treatment.
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Mehanna MM, Mohyeldin SM, Elgindy NA. Respirable nanocarriers as a promising strategy for antitubercular drug delivery. J Control Release 2014; 187:183-97. [PMID: 24878180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is considered a fatal respiratory infectious disease that represents a global threat, which must be faced. Despite the availability of oral conventional anti-tuberculosis therapy, the disease is characterized by high progression. The leading causes are poor patient compliance and failure to adhere to the drug regimen primarily due to systemic toxicity. In this context, inhalation therapy as a non-invasive route of administration is capable of increasing local drug concentrations in lung tissues, the primary infection side, by passive targeting as well as reducing the risk of systemic toxicity and hence improving the patient compliance. Nanotechnology represents a promising strategy in the development of inhaled drug delivery systems. Nanocarriers can improve the drug effectiveness and decrease the expected side effects as consequences of their ability to target the drug to the infected area as well as sustain its release in a prolonged manner. The current review summarizes the state-of-the-art in the development of inhaled nanotechnological carriers confined currently available anti-tuberculosis drugs (anti TB) for local and targeting drug delivery specifically, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoliposomes and nanomicelles. Moreover, complexes and ion pairs are also reported. The impact and progress of nanotechnology on the therapeutic effectiveness and patient adherence to anti TB regimen are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Mehanna
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.
| | - Salma M Mohyeldin
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Nazik A Elgindy
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
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Nanoparticle-mediated pulmonary drug delivery: a review. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:5852-73. [PMID: 24717409 PMCID: PMC4013600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15045852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colloidal drug delivery systems have been extensively investigated as drug carriers for the application of different drugs via different routes of administration. Systems, such as solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles and liposomes, have been investigated for a long time for the treatment of various lung diseases. The pulmonary route, owing to a noninvasive method of drug administration, for both local and systemic delivery of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) forms an ideal environment for APIs acting on pulmonary diseases and disorders. Additionally, this route offers many advantages, such as a high surface area with rapid absorption due to high vascularization and circumvention of the first pass effect. Aerosolization or inhalation of colloidal systems is currently being extensively studied and has huge potential for targeted drug delivery in the treatment of various diseases. Furthermore, the surfactant-associated proteins present at the interface enhance the effect of these formulations by decreasing the surface tension and allowing the maximum effect. The most challenging part of developing a colloidal system for nebulization is to maintain the critical physicochemical parameters for successful inhalation. The following review focuses on the current status of different colloidal systems available for the treatment of various lung disorders along with their characterization. Additionally, different in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo cell models developed for the testing of these systems with studies involving cell culture analysis are also discussed.
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Trapani A, Palazzo C, Contino M, Perrone MG, Cioffi N, Ditaranto N, Colabufo NA, Conese M, Trapani G, Puglisi G. Mucoadhesive properties and interaction with P-glycoprotein (P-gp) of thiolated-chitosans and -glycol chitosans and corresponding parent polymers: a comparative study. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:882-93. [PMID: 24521085 DOI: 10.1021/bm401733p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to compare the mucoadhesive and efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp) interacting properties of chitosan (CS)- and glycolchitosan (GCS)-based thiomers and corresponding unmodified parent polymers. For this purpose, the glycol chitosan-N-acetyl-cysteine (GCS-NAC) and glycol chitosan-glutathione (GCS-GSH) thiomers were prepared under simple and mild conditions. Their mucoadhesive characteristics were studied by turbidimetric and zeta potential measurements. The P-gp interacting properties were evaluated measuring the effects of thiolated- and unmodified-polymers on the bidirectional transport (BA/AB) of rhodamine-123 across Caco-2 cells as well as in the calcein-AM and ATPase activity assays. Although all the thiomers and unmodified polymers showed optimal-excellent mucoadhesive properties, the best mucoadhesive performances have been obtained by CS and CS-based thiomers. Moreover, it was found that the pretreatment of Caco-2 cell monolayer with GCS-NAC or GCS restores Rho-123 cell entrance by inhibiting P-gp activity. Hence, GCS-NAC and GCS may constitute new biomaterials useful for improving the bioavailability of P-gp substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Trapani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco and ‡Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro" , Via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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Bagre AP, Jain K, Jain NK. Alginate coated chitosan core shell nanoparticles for oral delivery of enoxaparin: in vitro and in vivo assessment. Int J Pharm 2013; 456:31-40. [PMID: 23994363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of present research work was to develop alginate coated chitosan core shell nanoparticles (Alg-CS-NPs) for oral delivery of low molecular weight heparin, enoxaparin. Chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) were synthesized by ionic gelation of chitosan using sodium tripolyphosphate. Core shell nanoparticles were prepared by coating CS-NPs with alginate solution under mild agitation. The Alg-CS-NPs were characterized for surface morphology, surface coating, particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, drug loading and entrapment efficiency using SEM, Zeta-sizer, FTIR and DSC techniques. Alginate coating increased the size of optimized chitosan nanoparticles from around 213 nm to about 335 nm as measured by dynamic light scattering in zeta sizer and further confirmed by SEM analysis. The performance of optimized enoxaparin loaded Alg-CS-NPs was evaluated by in vitro drug release studies, in vitro permeation study across intestinal epithelium, in vivo venous thrombosis model, particulate uptake by intestinal epithelium using fluorescence microscopy and pharmacokinetic studies in rats. Coating of alginate over the CS-NPs improved the release profile of enoxaparin from the nanoparticles for successful oral delivery. In vitro permeation studies elucidated that more than 75% enoxaparin permeated across the intestinal epithelium with Alg-CS-NPs. The Alg-CS-NPs significantly increased (p<0.05) the oral bioavailability of enoxaparin in comparison to plain enoxaparin solution as revealed by threefold increase in AUC of plasma drug concentration time curve and around 60% reduction in thrombus formation in rat venous thrombosis model. The core shell Alg-CS-NPs showed promising potential for oral delivery and significantly enhanced the in vivo oral absorption of enoxaparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Pataskar Bagre
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour Central University, Sagar (M.P.) 470003, India
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Polymeric micelles, a promising drug delivery system to enhance bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2013; 2013:340315. [PMID: 23936656 PMCID: PMC3712247 DOI: 10.1155/2013/340315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Oral administration is the most commonly used and readily accepted form of drug delivery; however, it is find that many drugs are difficult to attain enough bioavailability when administered via this route. Polymeric micelles (PMs) can overcome some limitations of the oral delivery acting as carriers able to enhance drug absorption, by providing (1) protection of the loaded drug from the harsh environment of the GI tract, (2) release of the drug in a controlled manner at target sites, (3) prolongation of the residence time in the gut by mucoadhesion, and (4) inhibition of efflux pumps to improve the drug accumulation. To explain the mechanisms for enhancement of oral bioavailability, we discussed the special stability of PMs, the controlled release properties of pH-sensitive PMs, the prolongation of residence time with mucoadhesive PMs, and the P-gp inhibitors commonly used in PMs, respectively. The primary purpose of this paper is to illustrate the potential of PMs for delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs with bioavailability being well maintained.
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Shahbazi MA, Hamidi M, Mohammadi-Samani S. Preparation, optimization, and in-vitro/in-vivo/ex-vivo characterization of chitosan-heparin nanoparticles: drug-induced gelation. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 65:1118-33. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Management of blood coagulation-related diseases is currently limited by the inability to provide an adequate drug concentration in blood circulation for a long term. As a promising way to overcome this problem, the long-acting forms of these drugs have attracted many interests in recent years.
Methods
In this study, chitosan-heparin nanoparticles were prepared as a polymeric delivery system intended for the prolonged intravenous delivery of heparin where the drug was used as both the therapeutic agent and a gel-forming counter-ion. The nanoparticle preparation method was optimized using a Taguchi orthogonal array. Critical formulation variables were optimized in this study in terms of their corresponding effects on the target response of particle size. Nanoparticles were characterized by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and zeta potential.
Key findings
The size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency for the optimized formulation were found to be 61.33 ± 1.53 nm, 0.06, +15.7 mv and 74.16 ± 1.27%, respectively. The sizes of the prepared drug-loaded nanoparticles were stable at least 1 week at room temperature and 3 months in refrigerator.
Conclusions
The ex-vivo and in-vivo tests on the heparin-chitosan nanoparticles using activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) as the biological index were indicative of a smoother and longer elevation in aPTT in the presence of nanoparticulate drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mehrdad Hamidi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Soliman Mohammadi-Samani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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