1
|
Şuta LM, Ridichie A, Ledeţi A, Temereancă C, Ledeţi I, Muntean D, Rădulescu M, Văruţ RM, Watz C, Crăineanu F, Ivan D, Vlase G, Stelea L. Host-Guest Complexation of Itraconazole with Cyclodextrins for Bioavailability Enhancement. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:560. [PMID: 38675221 PMCID: PMC11054515 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Itraconazole is an antifungal agent included in the triazole pharmacological classification that belongs to the BCS class II, characterized by a low solubility in an aqueous medium (of 1 ng/mL, at neutral pH), which is frequently translated in a low oral bioavailability but with a high permeability. In this sense, it is necessary to find solutions to increase/improve the solubility of itraconazole in the aqueous environment. The main purpose of this study is the preparation and analysis of five different guest-host inclusion complexes containing intraconazole. Initially, a blind docking process was carried out to determine the interactions between itraconazole and the selected cyclodextrins. The second step of the study was to find out if the active pharmaceutical ingredient was entrapped in the cavity of the cyclodextrin, by using spectroscopic and thermal techniques. Also, the antifungal activity of the inclusion complexes was studied to examine if the entrapment of itraconazole influences the therapeutic effect. The results showed that the active substance was entrapped in the cavity of the cyclodextrins, with a molar ratio of 1:3 (itraconazole-cyclodextrin), and that the therapeutic effect was not influenced by the entrapment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lenuţa-Maria Şuta
- Advanced Instrumental Screening Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.-M.Ş.); (A.L.); (I.L.); (D.I.)
- Department II—Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Amalia Ridichie
- Advanced Instrumental Screening Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.-M.Ş.); (A.L.); (I.L.); (D.I.)
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University Politehnica Timisoara, 2 Victoriei Square, 300006 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adriana Ledeţi
- Advanced Instrumental Screening Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.-M.Ş.); (A.L.); (I.L.); (D.I.)
| | - Claudia Temereancă
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University Politehnica Timisoara, 2 Victoriei Square, 300006 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ionuţ Ledeţi
- Advanced Instrumental Screening Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.-M.Ş.); (A.L.); (I.L.); (D.I.)
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, University Politehnica Timisoara, 2 Victoriei Square, 300006 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Delia Muntean
- Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.); (M.R.); (F.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Matilda Rădulescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.); (M.R.); (F.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Renata-Maria Văruţ
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 2-4 Petru Rares Str., 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Claudia Watz
- Department I—Pharmaceutical Physics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Florentin Crăineanu
- Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.); (M.R.); (F.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Denisa Ivan
- Advanced Instrumental Screening Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.-M.Ş.); (A.L.); (I.L.); (D.I.)
| | - Gabriela Vlase
- Research Centre for Thermal Analysis in Environmental Problems, West University of Timisoara, Pestalozzi Street 16, 300115 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Lavinia Stelea
- Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.M.); (M.R.); (F.C.); (L.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Raines K, Agarwal P, Augustijns P, Alayoubi A, Attia L, Bauer-Brandl A, Brandl M, Chatterjee P, Chen H, Yu YC, Coutant C, Coutinho AL, Curran D, Dressman J, Ericksen B, Falade L, Gao Y, Gao Z, Ghosh D, Ghosh T, Govada A, Gray E, Guo R, Hammell D, Hermans A, Jaini R, Li H, Mandula H, Men S, Milsmann J, Moldthan H, Moody R, Moseson DE, Müllertz A, Patel R, Paudel K, Reppas C, Savkur R, Schaefer K, Serajuddin A, Taylor LS, Valapil R, Wei K, Weitschies W, Yamashita S, Polli JE. Drug Dissolution in Oral Drug Absorption: Workshop Report. AAPS J 2023; 25:103. [PMID: 37936002 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00865-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The in-person workshop "Drug Dissolution in Oral Drug Absorption" was held on May 23-24, 2023, in Baltimore, MD, USA. The workshop was organized into lectures and breakout sessions. Three common topics that were re-visited by various lecturers were amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs), dissolution/permeation interplay, and in vitro methods to predict in vivo biopharmaceutics performance and risk. Topics that repeatedly surfaced across breakout sessions were the following: (1) meaning and assessment of "dissolved drug," particularly of poorly water soluble drug in colloidal environments (e.g., fed conditions, ASDs); (2) potential limitations of a test that employs sink conditions for a poorly water soluble drug; (3) non-compendial methods (e.g., two-stage or multi-stage method, dissolution/permeation methods); (4) non-compendial conditions (e.g., apex vessels, non-sink conditions); and (5) potential benefit of having both a quality control method for batch release and a biopredictive/biorelevant method for biowaiver or bridging scenarios. An identified obstacle to non-compendial methods is the uncertainty of global regulatory acceptance of such methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Raines
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, White Oak, Maryland, USA
| | - Payal Agarwal
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, White Oak, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Leuven, ON2 Herestraat 49-Box 921, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alaadin Alayoubi
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, White Oak, Maryland, USA
| | - Lucas Attia
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | | | - Martin Brandl
- University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Parnali Chatterjee
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, White Oak, Maryland, USA
| | - Hansong Chen
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, White Oak, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuly Chiang Yu
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Carrie Coutant
- Eli Lilly and Company, 893 Delaware St, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46225, USA
| | | | - David Curran
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 S. Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, 19046, USA
| | - Jennifer Dressman
- Fraunhofer Institute of Translational Pharmacology and Medicine, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bryan Ericksen
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, White Oak, Maryland, USA
| | - Leah Falade
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, White Oak, Maryland, USA
| | - Yi Gao
- AbbVie Inc, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA
| | - Zongming Gao
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Debasis Ghosh
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, White Oak, Maryland, USA
| | - Tapash Ghosh
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, White Oak, Maryland, USA
| | - Anitha Govada
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, White Oak, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gray
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, White Oak, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruiqiong Guo
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 650 E Kendall St, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
| | - Dana Hammell
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andre Hermans
- Merck & Co. Inc., 2025 E Scott Ave, Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, USA
| | - Rohit Jaini
- Pfizer Inc., 1 Portland St, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Hanlin Li
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, Massachusetts, 02210, USA
| | - Haritha Mandula
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, White Oak, Maryland, USA
| | - Shuaiqian Men
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Johanna Milsmann
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Huong Moldthan
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, White Oak, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca Moody
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, White Oak, Maryland, USA
| | - Dana E Moseson
- Pfizer Inc., 558 Eastern Point Rd., Groton, Connecticut, 06340, USA
| | - Anette Müllertz
- University of Copenhagen, Nørregade 10, 1165, København, Denmark
| | - Roshni Patel
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kalpana Paudel
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, White Oak, Maryland, USA
| | - Christos Reppas
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72, Athens, Greece
| | - Rajesh Savkur
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, White Oak, Maryland, USA
| | - Kerstin Schaefer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88400, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Abu Serajuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, New York, USA
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Rutu Valapil
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin Wei
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, White Oak, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Shinji Yamashita
- Ritsumeikan University, 56-1 Tojiin Kitamachi, Kita Ward, Kyoto, 603-8577, Japan
| | - James E Polli
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Waal T, Brouwers J, Rayyan M, Stillhart C, Vinarova L, Vinarov Z, Augustijns P. Characterization of neonatal and infant enterostomy fluids - Part II: Drug solubility. Int J Pharm 2023:123141. [PMID: 37321462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Previous research revealed marked differences in the composition of intestinal fluids between infants and adults. To explore the impact on the solubilization of orally administered drugs, the present study assessed the solubility of five poorly water-soluble, lipophilic drugs in intestinal fluid pools from 19 infant enterostomy patients (infant HIF). For some but not all drugs, the average solubilizing capacity of infant HIF was similar to that of HIF obtained from adults (adult HIF) in fed conditions. Commonly used fed state simulated intestinal fluids (FeSSIF(-V2)) predicted fairly well drug solubility in the aqueous fraction of infant HIF, but did not account for the substantial solubilization by the lipid phase of infant HIF. Despite similarities in the average solubilities of some drugs in infant HIF and adult HIF or SIF, the underlying solubilization mechanisms likely differ, considering important compositional differences (e.g., low bile salt levels). Finally, the huge variability in composition of infant HIF pools resulted in a highly variable solubilizing capacity, potentially causing variations in drug bioavailability. The current study warrants future research focusing on (i) understanding the mechanisms underlying drug solubilization in infant HIF and (ii) evaluating the sensitivity of oral drug products to interpatient variations in drug solubilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom de Waal
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joachim Brouwers
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maissa Rayyan
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Liliya Vinarova
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Zahari Vinarov
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guillot AJ, Martínez-Navarrete M, Zinchuk-Mironova V, Melero A. Microneedle-assisted transdermal delivery of nanoparticles: Recent insights and prospects. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023:e1884. [PMID: 37041036 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Transdermal delivery of drugs offers an interesting alternative for the administration of molecules that present certain troubles when delivered by the oral route. It can produce systemic effects or perform a local action when the formulation exerts an optimal controlled drug release or a targeted delivery to the specific cell type or site. It also avoids several inconveniences of the oral administration such as the hepatic first pass effect, gastric pH-induced hydrolysis, drug malabsorption because of certain diseases or surgeries, and unpleasant organoleptic properties. Nanomedicine and microneedle array patches (MAPs) are two of the trendiest delivery systems applied to transdermal research nowadays. However, the skin is a protective barrier and nanoparticles (NPs) cannot pass through the intact stratum corneum. The association of NPs and MAPs (NPs@MAPs) work synergistically, since MAPs assist NPs to bypass the outer skin layers, and NPs contribute to the system providing controlled drug release and targeted delivery. Vaccination and tailored therapies have been proposed as fields where both NPs and MAPs have great potential due to inherent characteristics. MAPs conception and easy use could allow self-administration and therefore facilitate mass vaccination campaigns in undeveloped areas with weak healthcare services. Additionally, nanomedicine is being explored as a platform to personalize therapies in such an important field as oncology. In this work we show recent insights that prove the benefits of NPs@MAPs association and analyze the prospects and the discrete interest of the industry in NPs@MAPs, evaluating different limiting steps that restricts NPs@MAPs translation to the clinical practice. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > NA Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > NA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio José Guillot
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estelles s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Miquel Martínez-Navarrete
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estelles s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Valeria Zinchuk-Mironova
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estelles s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Ana Melero
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estelles s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moens F, Vandevijver G, De Blaiser A, Larsson A, Spreafico F, Augustijns P, Marzorati M. The Dynamic Intestinal Absorption Model (Diamod®), an in vitro tool to study the interconnected kinetics of gastrointestinal solubility, supersaturation, precipitation, and intestinal permeation processes of oral drugs. Int J Pharm X 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
|
6
|
Supersaturation and Precipitation Applicated in Drug Delivery Systems: Development Strategies and Evaluation Approaches. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052212. [PMID: 36903470 PMCID: PMC10005129 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Supersaturation is a promising strategy to improve gastrointestinal absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs. Supersaturation is a metastable state and therefore dissolved drugs often quickly precipitate again. Precipitation inhibitors can prolong the metastable state. Supersaturating drug delivery systems (SDDS) are commonly formulated with precipitation inhibitors, hence the supersaturation is effectively prolonged for absorption, leading to improved bioavailability. This review summarizes the theory of and systemic insight into supersaturation, with the emphasis on biopharmaceutical aspects. Supersaturation research has developed from the generation of supersaturation (pH-shift, prodrug and SDDS) and the inhibition of precipitation (the mechanism of precipitation, the character of precipitation inhibitors and screening precipitation inhibitors). Then, the evaluation approaches to SDDS are discussed, including in vitro, in vivo and in silico studies and in vitro-in vivo correlations. In vitro aspects involve biorelevant medium, biomimetic apparatus and characterization instruments; in vivo aspects involve oral absorption, intestinal perfusion and intestinal content aspiration and in silico aspects involve molecular dynamics simulation and pharmacokinetic simulation. More physiological data of in vitro studies should be taken into account to simulate the in vivo environment. The supersaturation theory should be further completed, especially with regard to physiological conditions.
Collapse
|
7
|
Cuoco A, Eriksen JB, Luppi B, Brandl M, Bauer-Brandl A. When interactions between bile salts and cyclodextrin cause a negative food effect: Dynamic dissolution/permeation studies with itraconazole (Sporanox®) and biomimetic media. J Pharm Sci 2022; 112:1372-1378. [PMID: 36539063 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The marketed oral solution of itraconazole (Sporanox®) contains 40% (259.2 mM) of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). The obvious role of HP-β-CD is to solubilize itraconazole and to overcome its poor aqueous solubility that restricts its absorption. In this study, we investigated the biorelevance of in vitro experiments by the influence of biomimetic media (containing bile salts and phospholipids) on the predicted itraconazole absorption from the commercial HP-β-CD-based Sporanox® solution. We performed phase-solubility studies of itraconazole and dynamic 2-step-dissolution/permeation studies using a biomimetic artificial barrier, Sporanox® solution, and fasted state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF_V1). Both FaSSIF_V1 and HP-β-CD increased the apparent solubility of itraconazole when used individually. In combination, their solubility-enhancing effects were not additive probably due to the competition of bile salts with itraconazole for the hydrophobic cavity of HP-β-CD. Our combined dissolution/permeation experiments indicated the occurrence of a transient supersaturation from Sporanox® upon two-step dissolution. Through systematic variation of bile salt concentrations in the biomimetic media, it was observed that the extent and the duration of supersaturation depend on the concentrations of bile salts: supersaturation was rather stable in the absence of bile salts and phospholipids. The higher the bile salt concentration, the faster the collapse of the transient supersaturation occurred, an effect which is nicely mirrored by reduced in vitro permeation across the barrier. This is an indication of a negative food effect, which in fact correlates well with what earlier had been observed in clinical studies for Sporanox® solution. In essence, we could demonstrate that in vitro two-stage dissolution/permeation experiments using an artificial barrier and selected biomimetic media may predict the negative effects of the latter on cyclodextrin-based drug formulations like Sporanox® Oral Solution and, at the same time, provide a deeper mechanistic insight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Cuoco
- Department of Physics Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark; Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Luppi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martin Brandl
- Department of Physics Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Annette Bauer-Brandl
- Department of Physics Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhao B, Gu Z, Zhang Y, Li Z, Cheng L, Li C, Hong Y. Starch-based carriers of paclitaxel: A systematic review of carriers, interactions, and mechanisms. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119628. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
9
|
Zhao B, Du J, Zhang Y, Gu Z, Li Z, Cheng L, Li C, Hong Y. Polysaccharide-coated porous starch-based oral carrier for paclitaxel: Adsorption and sustained release in colon. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119571. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
10
|
Malik MR, Al-Harbi FF, Nawaz A, Amin A, Farid A, Mohaini MA, Alsalman AJ, Hawaj MAA, Alhashem YN. Formulation and Characterization of Chitosan-Decorated Multiple Nanoemulsion for Topical Delivery In Vitro and Ex Vivo. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103183. [PMID: 35630660 PMCID: PMC9144098 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, chitosan-decorated multiple nanoemulsion (MNE) was formulated using a two-step emulsification process. The formulated multiple nanoemuslion was evaluated physiochemically for its size and zeta potential, surface morphology, creaming and cracking, viscosity and pH. A Franz diffusion cell apparatus was used to carry out in vitro drug-release and permeation studies. The formulated nanoemulsion showed uniform droplet size and zeta potential. The pH and viscosity of the formulated emulsion were in the range of and suitable for topical delivery. The drug contents of the simple nanoemulsion (SNE), the chitosan-decorated nanoemulsion (CNE) and the MNE were 71 ± 2%, 82 ± 2% and 90 ± 2%, respectively. The formulated MNE showed controlled release of itraconazole as compared with that of the SNE and CNE. This was attributed to the chitosan decoration as well as to formulating multiple emulsions. The significant permeation and skin drug retention profile of the MNE were attributed to using the surfactants tween 80 and span 20 and the co-surfactant PEG 400. ATR-FTIR analysis confirmed that the MNE mainly affects the lipids and proteins of the skin, particularly the stratum corneum, which results in significantly higher permeation and retention of the drug. It was concluded that the proposed MNE formulation delivers drug to the target site of the skin and can be therapeutically used for various cutaneous fungal infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rehan Malik
- Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan; (M.R.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Fatemah Farraj Al-Harbi
- College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 84428, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Asif Nawaz
- Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan; (M.R.M.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (A.F.)
| | - Adnan Amin
- Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan; (M.R.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Arshad Farid
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (A.F.)
| | - Mohammed Al Mohaini
- Basic Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkhaliq J. Alsalman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maitham A. Al Hawaj
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yousef N. Alhashem
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mármol ÁL, Fischer PL, Wahl A, Schwöbel D, Lenz V, Sauer K, Koziolek M. Application of tiny-TIM as a mechanistic tool to investigate the in vitro performance of different itraconazole formulations under physiologically relevant conditions. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 173:106165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
12
|
Wilson CG, Aarons L, Augustijns P, Brouwers J, Darwich AS, De Waal T, Garbacz G, Hansmann S, Hoc D, Ivanova A, Koziolek M, Reppas C, Schick P, Vertzoni M, García-Horsman JA. Integration of advanced methods and models to study drug absorption and related processes: An UNGAP perspective. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 172:106100. [PMID: 34936937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This collection of contributions from the European Network on Understanding Gastrointestinal Absorption-related Processes (UNGAP) community assembly aims to provide information on some of the current and newer methods employed to study the behaviour of medicines. It is the product of interactions in the immediate pre-Covid period when UNGAP members were able to meet and set up workshops and to discuss progress across the disciplines. UNGAP activities are divided into work packages that cover special treatment populations, absorption processes in different regions of the gut, the development of advanced formulations and the integration of food and pharmaceutical scientists in the food-drug interface. This involves both new and established technical approaches in which we have attempted to define best practice and highlight areas where further research is needed. Over the last months we have been able to reflect on some of the key innovative approaches which we were tasked with mapping, including theoretical, in silico, in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo, preclinical and clinical approaches. This is the product of some of us in a snapshot of where UNGAP has travelled and what aspects of innovative technologies are important. It is not a comprehensive review of all methods used in research to study drug dissolution and absorption, but provides an ample panorama of current and advanced methods generally and potentially useful in this area. This collection starts from a consideration of advances in a priori approaches: an understanding of the molecular properties of the compound to predict biological characteristics relevant to absorption. The next four sections discuss a major activity in the UNGAP initiative, the pursuit of more representative conditions to study lumenal dissolution of drug formulations developed independently by academic teams. They are important because they illustrate examples of in vitro simulation systems that have begun to provide a useful understanding of formulation behaviour in the upper GI tract for industry. The Leuven team highlights the importance of the physiology of the digestive tract, as they describe the relevance of gastric and intestinal fluids on the behaviour of drugs along the tract. This provides the introduction to microdosing as an early tool to study drug disposition. Microdosing in oncology is starting to use gamma-emitting tracers, which provides a link through SPECT to the next section on nuclear medicine. The last two papers link the modelling approaches used by the pharmaceutical industry, in silico to Pop-PK linking to Darwich and Aarons, who provide discussion on pharmacometric modelling, completing the loop of molecule to man.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clive G Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow, U.K.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mirko Koziolek
- NCE Formulation Sciences, Abbvie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Schick
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lehmann A, Krollik K, Beran K, Hirtreiter C, Kubas H, Wagner C. Increasing the Robustness of Biopharmaceutical Precipitation Assays - Part I: Derivative UV Spectrophotometric Method Development for in-line Measurements. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:146-154. [PMID: 34464648 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In vitro precipitation assays are often applied to support drug and formulation development. Current methods applied to quantify the amount of dissolved drug, in particular (U)HPLC, require time-consuming sample preparation. Furthermore, small precipitates formed during the nucleation phase may not be removed quantitatively by filtration or centrifugation of the sample. Given the drawbacks of standard (U)HPLC analyses during the application in transfer experiments, it was the aim of this work to develop a robust and simple to implement in-line UV spectrophotometric method which accurately reflects the precipitation profile obtained from in vitro transfer assays. Based on the three model compounds cinnarizine, dipyridamole, and ketoconazole, the manuscript describes the development of a design of experiments (DoE) based approach to develop derivative UV spectrophotometric methods accounting for the change in media composition over time due to the dilution of simulated intestinal with simulated gastric fluid. An R script was developed which automatically identifies suitable wavelengths for in-line measurements. As an outcome of this study, a fast, robust, accurate, and specific derivative UV spectrophotometric methodology for measuring the concentration of dissolved drugs in in vitro transfer experiments was successfully developed. This method can flexibly be applied to multi-compartmental precipitation assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katharina Krollik
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, Germany; Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 3, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kristian Beran
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, Germany; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Holger Kubas
- Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Strasse 250, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Murakami T, Bodor E, Bodor N. Factors and dosage formulations affecting the solubility and bioavailability of P-glycoprotein substrate drugs. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:555-580. [PMID: 33703995 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1902986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) increases toward the distal small intestine, implying that the duodenum is the preferential absorption site for P-gp substrate drugs. Oral bioavailability of poorly soluble P-gp substrate drugs is low and varied but increases with high-fat meals that supply lipoidal components and bile in the duodenum.Areas covered: Absorption properties of P-gp substrate drugs along with factors and oral dosage formulations affecting their solubility and bioavailability were reviewed with PubMed literature searches. An overview is provided from the viewpoint of the 'spring-and-parachute approach' that generates supersaturation of poorly soluble P-gp substrate drugs.Expert opinion: The oral bioavailability of P-gp substrate drugs is difficult to predict because of their low solubility, preferential absorption sites, and overlapping substrate specificities with CYP3A4, along with the scattered intestinal P-gp expression/function. To attain high and steady oral bioavailability of poorly soluble P-gp substrate drugs, physicochemical modification of drugs to improve solubility, or oral dosage formulations that generate long-lasting supersaturation in the duodenum, is preferred. In particular, supersaturable lipid-based drug delivery systems that can increase passive diffusion and/or lymphatic absorption are effective and applicable to many poorly soluble P-gp substrate drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicholas Bodor
- Bodor Laboratories, Miami, Florida, USA.,College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pawar BM, Rahman SNR, Pawde DM, Goswami A, Shunmugaperumal T. Orally Administered Drug Solubility-Enhancing Formulations: Lesson Learnt from Optimum Solubility-Permeability Balance. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:63. [PMID: 33528698 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although oral drug delivery is considered as most acceptable route for administering the active pharmaceutical ingredients to patients of all age-groups with the exceptions of bed-ridden patients and infants, the extent and rate of drug reaching the systemic circulation (in other word, drug bioavailability) always depends on many factors such as drug solubility in gastrointestinal fluids and drug permeation into intraluminal epithelial membrane structure, absence (fasting state) and presence (fed state) of food materials in the gastrointestinal tract, and individual variations in gastric emptying time. Taking the most influential factors like drug solubility and its permeability into consideration, these two factors play a pivotal role and even act as the litmus test for the formulation scientists who involve in oral dosage form development. It is very clear that there should be an optimum solubility and permeability balance to be reachable for getting the desired drug bioavailability to exert the intended therapeutic activity. The objectives of current review are (1) to provide an overview of two-different categories of poorly water soluble API molecules, (2) to describe briefly three-different case studies taken from drug solubility-enhancing formulations dealing with interplay between solubility and permeability, and (3) to showcase selected examples of solubility-permeability interplay phenomena arising out from the various orally administrable dosage forms. The lessons learnt from the past and current literatures are certainly encouraging to go ahead for oral dosage form development but with the prior knowledge about the possible existence of solubility-permeability interplay/tradeoff phenomenon.
Collapse
|
16
|
Augustijns P, Vertzoni M, Reppas C, Langguth P, Lennernäs H, Abrahamsson B, Hasler WL, Baker JR, Vanuytsel T, Tack J, Corsetti M, Bermejo M, Paixão P, Amidon GL, Hens B. Unraveling the behavior of oral drug products inside the human gastrointestinal tract using the aspiration technique: History, methodology and applications. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 155:105517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
17
|
Permana AD, Paredes AJ, Volpe-Zanutto F, Anjani QK, Utomo E, Donnelly RF. Dissolving microneedle-mediated dermal delivery of itraconazole nanocrystals for improved treatment of cutaneous candidiasis. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 154:50-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
18
|
Aungst BJ. The Effects of Dose Volume and Excipient Dose on Luminal Concentration and Oral Drug Absorption. AAPS JOURNAL 2020; 22:99. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-020-00490-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
19
|
Hens B, Kataoka M, Ueda K, Gao P, Tsume Y, Augustijns P, Kawakami K, Yamashita S. Biopredictive in vitro testing methods to assess intestinal drug absorption from supersaturating dosage forms. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
20
|
Elkhabaz A, Moseson DE, Brouwers J, Augustijns P, Taylor LS. Interplay of Supersaturation and Solubilization: Lack of Correlation between Concentration-Based Supersaturation Measurements and Membrane Transport Rates in Simulated and Aspirated Human Fluids. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:5042-5053. [PMID: 31638397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Supersaturating formulations are increasingly being used to improve the absorption of orally administered poorly water-soluble drugs. To better predict outcomes in vivo, we must be able to accurately determine the degree of supersaturation in complex media designed to provide a surrogate for the gastrointestinal environment. Herein, we demonstrate that relying on measurements based on consideration of the total dissolved concentration leads to underestimation of supersaturation and consequently membrane transport rates. Crystalline and amorphous solubilities of two compounds, atazanavir and posaconazole, were evaluated in six different media. Concurrently, diffusive flux measurements were performed in a side-by-side diffusion cell to determine the activity-based supersaturation by evaluating membrane transport rates at the crystalline and amorphous solubilities. Solubility values were found to vary in each medium because of different solubilization capacities. Concentration-based supersaturation ratios were also found to vary for the different media. Activity-based measurements, however, were largely independent of the medium, leading to relatively constant values for the estimated supersaturation. These findings have important consequences for modeling and prediction of supersaturation impact on the absorption rate as well as for better defining the thermodynamic driving force for crystallization in complex media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkhabaz
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Dana E Moseson
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Joachim Brouwers
- Drug Delivery and Disposition , KU Leuven , Leuven 3000 , Belgium
| | | | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy , Purdue University , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Successful oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs both depends on the intraluminal behavior of drugs and of appropriate advanced drug delivery systems. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 137:104967. [PMID: 31252052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.104967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Poorly water-soluble drugs continue to be a problematic, yet important class of pharmaceutical compounds for treatment of a wide range of diseases. Their prevalence in discovery is still high, and their development is usually limited by our lack of a complete understanding of how the complex chemical, physiological and biochemical processes that occur between administration and absorption individually and together impact on bioavailability. This review defines the challenge presented by these drugs, outlines contemporary strategies to solve this challenge, and consequent in silico and in vitro evaluation of the delivery technologies for poorly water-soluble drugs. The next steps and unmet needs are proposed to present a roadmap for future studies for the field to consider enabling progress in delivery of poorly water-soluble compounds.
Collapse
|
22
|
Characteristics of Skin Deposition of Itraconazole Solubilized in Cream Formulation. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11040195. [PMID: 31013633 PMCID: PMC6523664 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11040195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Itraconazole (ITZ) is an anti-fungal agent generally used to treat cutaneous mycoses. For efficient delivery of ITZ to the skin tissues, an oil-in-water (O/W) cream formulation was developed. The O/W cream base was designed based on the solubility measurement of ITZ in various excipients. A physical mixture of the O/W cream base and ITZ was also prepared as a control formulation to evaluate the effects of the solubilized state of ITZ in cream base on the in vitro skin deposition behavior of ITZ. Polarized light microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated that ITZ was fully solubilized in the O/W cream formulation. The O/W cream formulation exhibited considerably enhanced deposition of ITZ in the stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis compared with that of the physical mixture, largely owing to its high solubilization capacity for ITZ. Therefore, the O/W cream formulation of ITZ developed in this study is promising for the treatment of cutaneous mycoses caused by fungi such as dermatophytes and yeasts.
Collapse
|
23
|
Butler J, Hens B, Vertzoni M, Brouwers J, Berben P, Dressman J, Andreas CJ, Schaefer KJ, Mann J, McAllister M, Jamei M, Kostewicz E, Kesisoglou F, Langguth P, Minekus M, Müllertz A, Schilderink R, Koziolek M, Jedamzik P, Weitschies W, Reppas C, Augustijns P. In vitro models for the prediction of in vivo performance of oral dosage forms: Recent progress from partnership through the IMI OrBiTo collaboration. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 136:70-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
24
|
Berben P, Stappaerts J, Vink MJ, Domínguez-Vega E, Somsen GW, Brouwers J, Augustijns P. Linking the concentrations of itraconazole and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in human intestinal fluids after oral intake of Sporanox®. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 132:231-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
25
|
Berben P, Bauer-Brandl A, Brandl M, Faller B, Flaten GE, Jacobsen AC, Brouwers J, Augustijns P. Drug permeability profiling using cell-free permeation tools: Overview and applications. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 119:219-233. [PMID: 29660464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-free permeation systems are gaining interest in drug discovery and development as tools to obtain a reliable prediction of passive intestinal absorption without the disadvantages associated with cell- or tissue-based permeability profiling. Depending on the composition of the barrier, cell-free permeation systems are classified into two classes including (i) biomimetic barriers which are constructed from (phospho)lipids and (ii) non-biomimetic barriers containing dialysis membranes. This review provides an overview of the currently available cell-free permeation systems including Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay (PAMPA), Phospholipid Vesicle-based Permeation Assay (PVPA), Permeapad®, and artificial membrane based systems (e.g. the artificial membrane insert system (AMI-system)) in terms of their barrier composition as well as their predictive capacity in relation to well-characterized intestinal permeation systems. Given the potential loss of integrity of cell-based permeation barriers in the presence of food components or pharmaceutical excipients, the superior robustness of cell-free barriers makes them suitable for the combined dissolution/permeation evaluation of formulations. While cell-free permeation systems are mostly applied for exploring intestinal absorption, they can also be used to evaluate non-oral drug delivery by adjusting the composition of the membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Berben
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N II, Herestraat 49, Box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annette Bauer-Brandl
- Drug Transport and Delivery Group, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Martin Brandl
- Drug Transport and Delivery Group, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Bernard Faller
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Postfach, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gøril Eide Flaten
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsveien 57, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Ann-Christin Jacobsen
- Drug Transport and Delivery Group, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Odense DK-5230, Denmark
| | - Joachim Brouwers
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N II, Herestraat 49, Box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, Gasthuisberg O&N II, Herestraat 49, Box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Berben P, Brouwers J, Augustijns P. The artificial membrane insert system as predictive tool for formulation performance evaluation. Int J Pharm 2018; 537:22-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
27
|
Stappaerts J, Berben P, Cevik I, Augustijns P. The effect of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin on the intestinal permeation through mucus. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 114:238-244. [PMID: 29274442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In addition to its important role in preventing the interaction of toxic agents with the intestinal lining, the intestinal mucus layer can impede the permeation of drugs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the presence of HP-β-CD in the intraluminal environment could influence the permeation of drugs through a layer of mucus. To this end, a new artificial membrane insert system incorporating a fixed mucus layer was developed to monitor the permeation of methylparaben (log P=1.96) and heptylparaben (log P=4.83). While the transport of methylparaben remained unaffected by the mucus layer, the transport of heptylparaben was significantly impeded by the mucus layer. In presence of relatively low concentrations of HP-β-CD, however, this negative effect of mucus on the permeation of heptylparaben disappeared. Importantly, the impact of the mucus layer was found to depend on the composition of the solvent system used. The colloidal structures present in simulated intestinal media were able to neutralize the impeding effect of mucus on heptylparaben permeation observed when using simple phosphate buffers. These findings advocate the use of biorelevant media when studying the impact of the mucus layer on drug permeation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jef Stappaerts
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Berben
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Irem Cevik
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jansook P, Ogawa N, Loftsson T. Cyclodextrins: structure, physicochemical properties and pharmaceutical applications. Int J Pharm 2017; 535:272-284. [PMID: 29138045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Since their discovery over 100 years ago cyclodextrins (CDs) have been the subject of numerous scientific publications. In 2016 alone CDs were the subject of over 2200 research articles published in peer-reviewed journals and mentioned in over 2300 patents and patent applications, many of which were on pharmaceutical applications. Natural CDs and their derivatives are used as enabling pharmaceutical excipients that enhance aqueous solubility of poorly soluble drugs, increase drug permeability through biological membranes and improve drug bioavailability. Unlike conventional penetration enhancers, their hydrophilic structure and high molecular weight prevents them from penetrate into lipophilic membranes leaving biological membranes intact. The natural CDs and some of their derivatives have monographs in pharmacopeias and are also commonly used as food additives and in toiletry products. CDs form inclusion complexes with lipophilic moieties of hydrophobic drugs. Furthermore, CDs are able to form non-inclusion complexes and self-assembled aggregates; small and large complex aggregates with micellar-like structures that can enhance drug solubility. Excipients commonly used in pharmaceutical formulations may have additive or inhibiting effect on the CD solubilization. Here various methods used to investigate CD aggregate formation are reviewed as well as techniques that are used to increase the solubilizing effects of CDs; methods that enhance the apparent intrinsic solubility of drugs and/or the complexation efficacy and decrease the amount of CD needed to develop CD-containing pharmaceutical formulations. It will be explained how too much or too little CD can hamper drug bioavailability, and the role of CDs in solid dosage forms and parenteral formulations, and examples given on how CDs can enhance drug delivery after ocular, nasal and pulmonary administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phatsawee Jansook
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Noriko Ogawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Thorsteinn Loftsson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hens B, Pathak SM, Mitra A, Patel N, Liu B, Patel S, Jamei M, Brouwers J, Augustijns P, Turner DB. In Silico Modeling Approach for the Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Dissolution, Supersaturation, and Precipitation of Posaconazole. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:4321-4333. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Hens
- College
of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1065, United States of America
- Drug Delivery & Disposition, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Shriram M. Pathak
- Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Sheffield S2 4SU, United Kingdom
| | - Amitava Mitra
- Biopharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Sciences & Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States of America
- Sandoz, Inc., West Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States of America
| | - Nikunjkumar Patel
- Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Sheffield S2 4SU, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Liu
- Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Sheffield S2 4SU, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjaykumar Patel
- Analytical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences & Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States of America
| | - Masoud Jamei
- Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Sheffield S2 4SU, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - David B. Turner
- Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Sheffield S2 4SU, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hens B, Tsume Y, Bermejo M, Paixao P, Koenigsknecht MJ, Baker JR, Hasler WL, Lionberger R, Fan J, Dickens J, Shedden K, Wen B, Wysocki J, Loebenberg R, Lee A, Frances A, Amidon G, Yu A, Benninghoff G, Salehi N, Talattof A, Sun D, Amidon GL. Low Buffer Capacity and Alternating Motility along the Human Gastrointestinal Tract: Implications for in Vivo Dissolution and Absorption of Ionizable Drugs. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:4281-4294. [PMID: 28737409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we determined the pH and buffer capacity of human gastrointestinal (GI) fluids (aspirated from the stomach, duodenum, proximal jejunum, and mid/distal jejunum) as a function of time, from 37 healthy subjects after oral administration of an 800 mg immediate-release tablet of ibuprofen (reference listed drug; RLD) under typical prescribed bioequivalence (BE) study protocol conditions in both fasted and fed states (simulated by ingestion of a liquid meal). Simultaneously, motility was continuously monitored using water-perfused manometry. The time to appearance of phase III contractions (i.e., housekeeper wave) was monitored following administration of the ibuprofen tablet. Our results clearly demonstrated the dynamic change in pH as a function of time and, most significantly, the extremely low buffer capacity along the GI tract. The buffer capacity on average was 2.26 μmol/mL/ΔpH in fasted state (range: 0.26 and 6.32 μmol/mL/ΔpH) and 2.66 μmol/mL/ΔpH in fed state (range: 0.78 and 5.98 μmol/mL/ΔpH) throughout the entire upper GI tract (stomach, duodenum, and proximal and mid/distal jejunum). The implication of this very low buffer capacity of the human GI tract is profound for the oral delivery of both acidic and basic active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). An in vivo predictive dissolution method would require not only a bicarbonate buffer but also, more significantly, a low buffer capacity of dissolution media to reflect in vivo dissolution conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Hens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yasuhiro Tsume
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Department of Engineering, Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University , San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Paulo Paixao
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa , Avenida Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mark J Koenigsknecht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jason R Baker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - William L Hasler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Robert Lionberger
- Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Jianghong Fan
- Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Joseph Dickens
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kerby Shedden
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bo Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jeffrey Wysocki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Raimar Loebenberg
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7
| | - Allen Lee
- Department of Engineering, Pharmacy Section, Miguel Hernandez University , San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Ann Frances
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Greg Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Alex Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Gail Benninghoff
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Niloufar Salehi
- Center for the Study of Complex Systems and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, United States
| | - Arjang Talattof
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Gordon L Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|