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Collenburg L, Schneider-Schaulies S, Avota E. The neutral sphingomyelinase 2 in T cell receptor signaling and polarity. Biol Chem 2019; 399:1147-1155. [PMID: 29337691 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
By hydrolyzing its substrate sphingomyelin at the cytosolic leaflet of cellular membranes, the neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (NSM2) generates microdomains which serve as docking sites for signaling proteins and thereby, functions to regulate signal relay. This has been particularly studied in cellular stress responses while the regulatory role of this enzyme in the immune cell compartment has only recently emerged. In T cells, phenotypic polarization by co-ordinated cytoskeletal remodeling is central to motility and interaction with endothelial or antigen-presenting cells during tissue recruitment or immune synapse formation, respectively. This review highlights studies adressing the role of NSM2 in T cell polarity in which the enzyme plays a major role in regulating cytoskeletal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Collenburg
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 7, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sibylle Schneider-Schaulies
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 7, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elita Avota
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 7, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany
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2
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Fretts AM, Imamura F, Marklund M, Micha R, Wu JHY, Murphy RA, Chien KL, McKnight B, Tintle N, Forouhi NG, Qureshi WT, Virtanen JK, Wong K, Wood AC, Lankinen M, Rajaobelina K, Harris TB, Djoussé L, Harris B, Wareham NJ, Steffen LM, Laakso M, Veenstra J, Samieri C, Brouwer IA, Yu CI, Koulman A, Steffen BT, Helmer C, Sotoodehnia N, Siscovick D, Gudnason V, Wagenknecht L, Voutilainen S, Tsai MY, Uusitupa M, Kalsbeek A, Berr C, Mozaffarian D, Lemaitre RN. Associations of circulating very-long-chain saturated fatty acids and incident type 2 diabetes: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:1216-1223. [PMID: 30982858 PMCID: PMC6500926 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) of different chain lengths have unique metabolic and biological effects, and a small number of recent studies suggest that higher circulating concentrations of the very-long-chain SFAs (VLSFAs) arachidic acid (20:0), behenic acid (22:0), and lignoceric acid (24:0) are associated with a lower risk of diabetes. Confirmation of these findings in a large and diverse population is needed. OBJECTIVE We investigated the associations of circulating VLSFAs 20:0, 22:0, and 24:0 with incident type 2 diabetes in prospective studies. METHODS Twelve studies that are part of the Fatty Acids and Outcomes Research Consortium participated in the analysis. Using Cox or logistic regression within studies and an inverse-variance-weighted meta-analysis across studies, we examined the associations of VLSFAs 20:0, 22:0, and 24:0 with incident diabetes among 51,431 participants. RESULTS There were 14,276 cases of incident diabetes across participating studies. Higher circulating concentrations of 20:0, 22:0, and 24:0 were each associated with a lower risk of incident diabetes. Pooling across cohorts, the RR (95% CI) for incident diabetes comparing the 90th percentile to the 10th percentile was 0.78 (0.70, 0.87) for 20:0, 0.84 (0.77, 0.91) for 22:0, and 0.75 (0.69, 0.83) for 24:0 after adjustment for demographic, lifestyle, adiposity, and other health factors. Results were fully attenuated in exploratory models that adjusted for circulating 16:0 and triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS Results from this pooled analysis indicate that higher concentrations of circulating VLSFAs 20:0, 22:0, and 24:0 are each associated with a lower risk of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Fretts
- Department of Epidemiology
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit
| | - Fumiaki Imamura
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matti Marklund
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Renata Micha
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Jason H Y Wu
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachel A Murphy
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kuo-Liong Chien
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Nita G Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Kerry Wong
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexis C Wood
- USDA / Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Kalina Rajaobelina
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Luc Djoussé
- Divisions of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Bill Harris
- OmegaQuant Analytics, Sioux Falls, SD
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD
| | - Nick J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lyn M Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Cécilia Samieri
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ingeborg A Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Albert Koulman
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centres Core Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centres Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Brian T Steffen
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Catherine Helmer
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kópavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reyjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Lynne Wagenknecht
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | | | - Michael Y Tsai
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Anya Kalsbeek
- Department of Biology, Dordt College, Sioux Center, IA
| | - Claudine Berr
- Inserm, University of Montpellier, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France
- Memory Research and Resources Center, Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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3
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Régnier M, Gourbeyre P, Pinton P, Napper S, Laffite J, Cossalter AM, Bailly JD, Lippi Y, Bertrand-Michel J, Bracarense APFRL, Guillou H, Loiseau N, Oswald IP. Identification of Signaling Pathways Targeted by the Food Contaminant FB1: Transcriptome and Kinome Analysis of Samples from Pig Liver and Intestine. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28875582 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium species. In mammals, this toxin causes widespread organ-specific damage; it promotes hepatotoxicity, is immunotoxic, alters intestinal functions etc. Despite its inhibitory effect on de novo ceramide synthesis, its molecular mechanism of action and toxicity is not totally elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS To explore the mechanism of FB1 toxicity, we analyzed the transcriptome and the kinome of two organs targeted by FB1: the liver and the jejunum. Pigs were fed for 4 weeks a control diet or a FB1-contaminated diet (10 mg/kg). As expected, FB1-exposed pigs gained less weight and displayed a higher sphinganine/sphingosine ratio. Comparison of the transcriptomes and the kinomes of treated versus control pigs showed striking differences. Among the disrupted pathways in liver and jejunum, we highlight Protein Kinase B (AKT) / Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) at the intersection of the FB1-modulated pathways. CONCLUSION Most of the effects of FB1 are mediated by the regulation of ceramide level, which influences protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A) and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway. This pathway might be a new target to counteract toxic effect of Fumonisin B1, which is one of the most spread food contaminant in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Régnier
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal Gourbeyre
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Pinton
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Scott Napper
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization - International Vaccine Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Joëlle Laffite
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne-Marie Cossalter
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Denis Bailly
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Yannick Lippi
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- MetaToul-Lipidomic Facility-MetaboHUB, INSERM UMR1048, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Ana Paula F R L Bracarense
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle P Oswald
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Lv M, Miao J, Zhao P, Luo X, Han Q, Wu Z, Zhang K, Zhu P. CD147-mediated chemotaxis of CD4+CD161+ T cells may contribute to local inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 37:59-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3800-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Mould AP, Askari JA, Byron A, Takada Y, Jowitt TA, Humphries MJ. Ligand-induced Epitope Masking: DISSOCIATION OF INTEGRIN α5β1-FIBRONECTIN COMPLEXES ONLY BY MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES WITH AN ALLOSTERIC MODE OF ACTION. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:20993-21007. [PMID: 27484800 PMCID: PMC5076510 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.736942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-containing ligand-mimetic inhibitors of integrins are unable to dissociate pre-formed integrin-fibronectin complexes (IFCs). These observations suggested that amino acid residues involved in integrin-fibronectin binding become obscured in the ligand-occupied state. Because the epitopes of some function-blocking anti-integrin monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) lie near the ligand-binding pocket, it follows that the epitopes of these mAbs may become shielded in the ligand-occupied state. Here, we tested whether function-blocking mAbs directed against α5β1 can interact with the integrin after it forms a complex with an RGD-containing fragment of fibronectin. We showed that the anti-α5 subunit mAbs JBS5, SNAKA52, 16, and P1D6 failed to disrupt IFCs and hence appeared unable to bind to the ligand-occupied state. In contrast, the allosteric anti-β1 subunit mAbs 13, 4B4, and AIIB2 could dissociate IFCs and therefore were able to interact with the ligand-bound state. However, another class of function-blocking anti-β1 mAbs, exemplified by Lia1/2, could not disrupt IFCs. This second class of mAbs was also distinguished from 13, 4B4, and AIIB2 by their ability to induce homotypic cell aggregation. Although the epitope of Lia1/2 was closely overlapping with those of 13, 4B4, and AIIB2, it appeared to lie closer to the ligand-binding pocket. A new model of the α5β1-fibronectin complex supports our hypothesis that the epitopes of mAbs that fail to bind to the ligand-occupied state lie within, or very close to, the integrin-fibronectin interface. Importantly, our findings imply that the efficacy of some therapeutic anti-integrin mAbs could be limited by epitope masking.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paul Mould
- From the Biomolecular Analysis Core Facility and
| | - Janet A Askari
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Byron
- the Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, Scotland, United Kingdom, and
| | - Yoshikazu Takada
- the Department of Vascular Biology, VB-1, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | | | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom,
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Kim MY, Cho JY. Molecular association of CD98, CD29, and CD147 critically mediates monocytic U937 cell adhesion. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 20:515-23. [PMID: 27610038 PMCID: PMC5014998 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.5.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion events of monocytes represent an important step in inflammatory responses induced by chemokines. The β1-integrin CD29 is a major adhesion molecule regulating leukocyte migration and extravasation. Although several adhesion molecules have been known as regulators of CD29, the molecular interactions between CD29 and its regulatory adhesion molecules (such as CD98 and CD147) have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, in this study, we examined whether these molecules are functionally, biochemically, and cell-biologically associated using monocytic U937 cells treated with aggregation-stimulating and blocking antibodies, as well as enzyme inhibitors. The surface levels of CD29, CD98, and CD147 (but not CD43, CD44, and CD82) were increased. The activation of CD29, CD98, and CD147 by ligation of them with aggregation-activating antibodies triggered the induction of cell-cell adhesion, and sensitivity to various enzyme inhibitors and aggregation-blocking antibodies was similar for CD29-, CD98-, and CD147-induced U937 cell aggregation. Molecular association between these molecules and the actin cytoskeleton was confirmed by confocal microscopy and immunoprecipitation. These results strongly suggest that CD29 might be modulated by its biochemical and cellular regulators, including CD98 and CD147, via the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Yeon Kim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Depatment of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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7
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Yang WS, Yi YS, Kim D, Kim MH, Park JG, Kim E, Lee SY, Yoon K, Kim JH, Park J, Cho JY. Nuclear factor kappa-B- and activator protein-1-mediated immunostimulatory activity of compound K in monocytes and macrophages. J Ginseng Res 2016; 41:298-306. [PMID: 28701870 PMCID: PMC5489765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Compound K (CK) is a bioactive derivative of ginsenoside Rb1 in Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng). Its biological and pharmacological activities have been studied in various disease conditions, although its immunomodulatory role in innate immunity mediated by monocytes/macrophages has been poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the regulatory role of CK on cellular events mediated by monocytes and macrophages in innate immune responses. Methods The immunomodulatory role of CK was explored by various immunoassays including cell-cell adhesion, fibronectin adhesion, cell migration, phagocytic uptake, costimulatory molecules, reactive oxygen species production, luciferase activity, and by the measurement of mRNA levels of proinflammatory genes. Results Compound K induced cell cluster formation through cell-cell adhesion, cell migration, and phagocytic activity, but it suppressed cell-tissue interactions in U937 and RAW264.7 cells. Compound K also upregulated the surface expression of the cell adhesion molecule cluster of differentiation (CD) 43 (CD43) and costimulatory molecules CD69, CD80, and CD86, but it downregulated the expression of monocyte differentiation marker CD82 in RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, CK induced the release of reactive oxygen species and induced messenger RNA expression of proinflammatory genes, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by enhancing the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activities of nuclear factor kappa-B and activator protein-1. Conclusion Our results suggest that CK has an immunomodulatory role in innate immune responses through regulating various cellular events mediated by monocytes and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Seok Yang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Su Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Heritage Material Research Team, Amorepacific R&D Unit, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ho Kim
- R & D Center, Maeil Dairies Co., Ltd, Pyungtaek, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Gwang Park
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Keejung Yoon
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Park
- R & D Center, Maeil Dairies Co., Ltd, Pyungtaek, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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8
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Fretts AM, Mozaffarian D, Siscovick DS, King IB, McKnight B, Psaty BM, Rimm EB, Sitlani C, Sacks FM, Song X, Sotoodehnia N, Spiegelman D, Lemaitre RN. Associations of Plasma Phospholipid SFAs with Total and Cause-Specific Mortality in Older Adults Differ According to SFA Chain Length. J Nutr 2016; 146:298-305. [PMID: 26701797 PMCID: PMC4870839 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.222117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Not much is known about the relations of circulating saturated fatty acids (SFAs), which are influenced by both metabolic and dietary determinants, with total and cause-specific mortality. OBJECTIVE We examined the associations of plasma phospholipid SFAs with total and cause-specific mortality among 3941 older adults from the Cardiovascular Health Study, a population-based prospective study of adults aged ≥65 y who were followed from 1992 through 2011. METHODS The relations of total and cause-specific mortality with plasma phospholipid palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), arachidic acid (20:0), behenic acid (22:0), and lignoceric acid (24:0) were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS During 45,450 person-years of follow-up, 3134 deaths occurred. Higher concentrations of the plasma phospholipid SFAs 18:0, 22:0, and 24:0 were associated with a lower risk of total mortality [multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs)] for the top compared with the bottom quintile: 0.85 (0.75, 0.95) for 18:0; 0.85 (0.75, 0.95) for 22:0; and 0.80 (0.71, 0.90) for 24:0. In contrast, plasma 16:0 concentrations in the highest quintile were associated with a higher risk of total mortality compared with concentrations in the lowest quintile [1.25 (1.11, 1.41)]. We also found no association of plasma phospholipid 20:0 with total mortality. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the associations of plasma phospholipid SFAs with the risk of death differ according to SFA chain length and support future studies to better characterize the determinants of circulating SFAs and to explore the mechanisms underlying these relations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Irena B King
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | | | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit,,Departments of Medicine,,Epidemiology, and,Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA;,Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Departments of Epidemiology,,Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, and
| | - Colleen Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit,,Departments of Medicine
| | | | - Xiaoling Song
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
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9
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4-Isopropyl-2,6-bis(1-phenylethyl)aniline 1, an Analogue of KTH-13 Isolated from Cordyceps bassiana, Inhibits the NF-κB-Mediated Inflammatory Response. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:143025. [PMID: 26819495 PMCID: PMC4706927 DOI: 10.1155/2015/143025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cordyceps species has been a good source of compounds with anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Recently, we reported a novel compound (4-isopropyl-2,6-bis(1-phenylethyl)phenol, KTH-13) with anticancer activity isolated from Cordyceps bassiana and created several derivatives to increase its pharmacological activity. In this study, we tested one of the KTH-013 derivatives, 4-isopropyl-2,6-bis(1-phenylethyl)aniline 1 (KTH-13-AD1), with regard to anti-inflammatory activity under macrophage-mediated inflammatory conditions. KTH-13-AD1 clearly suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and sodium nitroprusside- (SNP-) treated macrophage-like cells (RAW264.7 cells). Similarly, this compound also reduced mRNA expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as analyzed by RT-PCR and real-time PCR. Interestingly, KTH-13-AD1 strongly diminished NF-κB-mediated luciferase activities and nuclear translocation of NF-κB family proteins. In accordance, KTH-13-AD1 suppressed the upstream signaling pathway of NF-κB activation, including IκBα, IKKα/β, AKT, p85/PI3K, and Src in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The autophosphorylation of Src and NF-κB observed during the overexpression of Src was also suppressed by KTH-13-AD1. These results strongly suggest that KTH-13-AD1 has strong anti-inflammatory features mediated by suppression of the Src/NF-κB regulatory loop.
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10
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Zhou K, Blom T. Trafficking and Functions of Bioactive Sphingolipids: Lessons from Cells and Model Membranes. Lipid Insights 2015; 8:11-20. [PMID: 26715852 PMCID: PMC4685176 DOI: 10.4137/lpi.s31615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide and sphingosine and their phosphorylated counterparts are recognized as "bioactive sphingolipids" and modulate membrane integrity, the activity of enzymes, or act as ligands of G protein-coupled receptors. The subcellular distribution of the bioactive sphingolipids is central to their function as the same lipid can mediate diametrically opposite effects depending on its location. To ensure that these lipids are present in the right amount and in the appropriate organelles, cells employ selective lipid transport and compartmentalize sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes to characteristic subcellular sites. Our knowledge of key mechanisms involved in sphingolipid signaling and trafficking has increased substantially in the past decades-thanks to advances in biochemical and cell biological methods. In this review, we focus on the bioactive sphingolipids and discuss how the combination of studies in cells and in model membranes have contributed to our understanding of how they behave and function in living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomas Blom
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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11
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Hossen MJ, Jeon SH, Kim SC, Kim JH, Jeong D, Sung NY, Yang S, Baek KS, Kim JH, Yoon DH, Song WO, Yoon KD, Cho SH, Lee S, Kim JH, Cho JY. In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Phyllanthus acidus methanolic extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 168:217-228. [PMID: 25839115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels (Phyllanthaceae) has traditionally been used to treat gastric trouble, rheumatism, bronchitis, asthma, respiratory disorders, and hepatitis. Despite this widespread use, the pharmacological activities of this plant and their molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Therefore, we evaluated the immunopharmacological activities of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of this plant (Pa-ME) and validated its pharmacological targets. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated macrophages, an HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis model, and an acetic acid-injected capillary permeability mouse model were employed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Pa-ME. Potentially active anti-inflammatory components of this extract were identified by HPLC. The molecular mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory activity were studied by kinase assays, reporter gene assays, immunoprecipitation analysis, and overexpression of target enzymes. RESULTS Pa-ME suppressed the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prevented morphological changes in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, both HCl/EtOH-induced gastric damage and acetic acid-triggered vascular permeability were restored by orally administered Pa-ME. Furthermore, this extract downregulated the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and reduced the nuclear levels of NF-κB. Signalling events upstream of NF-κB translocation, such as phosphorylation of Src and Syk and formation of Src/Syk signalling complexes, were also inhibited by Pa-ME. The enzymatic activities of Src and Syk were also suppressed by Pa-ME. Moreover, Src-induced and Syk-induced luciferase activity and p85/Akt phosphorylation were also inhibited by Pa-ME. Of the identified flavonoids, kaempferol and quercetin were revealed as partially active anti-inflammatory components in Pa-ME. CONCLUSION Pa-ME exerts anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo by suppressing Src, Syk, and their downstream transcription factor, NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jahangir Hossen
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea; Department of Animal Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh
| | - Sung Ho Jeon
- Department of Life Science Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Cheol Kim
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Jeong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Nak Yoon Sung
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjae Yang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soo Baek
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Hyo Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 220-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Won O Song
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kee Dong Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukchan Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
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21-O-angeloyltheasapogenol E3, a novel triterpenoid saponin from the seeds of tea plants, inhibits macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses in a NF-κB-dependent manner. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:658351. [PMID: 25477714 PMCID: PMC4245502 DOI: 10.1155/2014/658351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
21-O-Angeloyltheasapogenol E3 (ATS-E3) is a triterpenoid saponin recently isolated from the seeds of the tea tree Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze. ATS-E3 has several beneficial properties including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiatherosclerotic, and anticancer effects. Unlike other phenolic compounds isolated from tea plants, there are no studies reporting the pharmacological action of ATS-E3. In this study, we therefore aimed to explore the cellular and molecular inhibitory activities of ATS-E3 in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses. ATS-E3 remarkably diminished cellular responses of macrophages such as FITC-dextran-induced phagocytic uptake, sodium nitroprusside- (SNP-) induced radical generation, and LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production. Analysis of its molecular activity showed that this compound significantly suppressed the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), nuclear translocation of nuclear factor- (NF-) κB subunits (p50 and p65), phosphorylation of inhibitor of κB kinase (IKK), and the enzyme activity of AKT1. Taken together, the novel triterpenoid saponin compound ATS-E3 contributes to the beneficial effects of tea plants by exerting anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities in an AKT/IKK/NF-κB-dependent manner.
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13
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NF-κB/AP-1-targeted inhibition of macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses by depigmenting compound AP736 derived from natural 1,3-diphenylpropane skeleton. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:354843. [PMID: 25386046 PMCID: PMC4217328 DOI: 10.1155/2014/354843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AP736 was identified as an antimelanogenic drug that can be used for the prevention of melasma, freckles, and dark spots in skin by acting as a suppressor of melanin synthesis and tyrosinase expression. Since macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses are critical for skin health, here we investigated the potential anti-inflammatory activity of AP736. The effects of AP736 on various inflammatory events such as nitric oxide (NO)/prostaglandin (PG) E2 production, inflammatory gene expression, phagocytic uptake, and morphological changes were examined in RAW264.7 cells. AP736 was found to strongly inhibit the production of both NO and PGE2 in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) treated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, AP736 strongly inhibited both LPS-induced morphological changes and FITC-dextran-induced phagocytic uptake. Furthermore, AP736 also downregulated the expression of multiple inflammatory genes, such as inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase- (COX-) 2, and interleukin- (IL-) 1β in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Transcription factor analysis, including upstream signalling events, revealed that both NF-κB and AP-1 were targeted by AP736 via inhibition of the IKK/IκBα and IRAK1/TAK1 pathways. Therefore, our results strongly suggest that AP736 is a potential anti-inflammatory drug due to its suppression of NF-κB-IKK/IκBα and AP-1-IRAK1/TAK1 signalling, which may make AP736 useful for the treatment of macrophage-mediated skin inflammation.
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14
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Fretts AM, Mozaffarian D, Siscovick DS, Djousse L, Heckbert SR, King IB, McKnight B, Sitlani C, Sacks FM, Song X, Sotoodehnia N, Spiegelman D, Wallace ER, Lemaitre RN. Plasma phospholipid saturated fatty acids and incident atrial fibrillation: the Cardiovascular Health Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e000889. [PMID: 24970268 PMCID: PMC4309088 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.000889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies suggest that circulating fatty acids may influence the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), but little is known about the associations of circulating saturated fatty acids with risk of AF. METHODS AND RESULTS The study population included 2899 participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study, a community-based longitudinal cohort of adults aged 65 years or older in the United States who were free of prevalent coronary heart disease and AF in 1992. Cox regression was used to assess the association of all the long-chain saturated fatty acids-palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), arachidic acid (20:0), behenic acid (22:0), and lignoceric acid (24:0)-with incident AF. During a median of 11.2 years of follow-up, 707 cases of incident AF occurred. After adjustment for other AF risk factors, higher levels of circulating 16:0 were associated with a higher risk of AF (hazard ratio comparing highest and lowest quartiles: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.86). In contrast, higher levels of circulating 18:0, 20:0, 22:0, and 24:0 were each associated with a lower risk of AF. The hazard ratios (95% CI) for AF in the top and bottom quartiles were 0.76 (95% CI: 0.61, 0.95) for 18:0; 0.78 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.97) for 20:0; 0.62 (95% CI: 0.50, 0.78) for 22:0; and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.55, 0.85) for 24:0. CONCLUSIONS Results from this prospective cohort study of older adults demonstrate divergent associations of circulating 16:0 versus longer-chain saturated fatty acids with incident AF, highlighting the need to investigate both determinants of these levels and potential pathways of the observed differential risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. Fretts
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (A.M.F., D.S.S., S.R.H., E.R.W.)
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.M., D.S.)
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.M., F.M.S.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.M., F.M.S.)
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.M., F.M.S.)
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA (D.M.)
| | - David S. Siscovick
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (D.S.S., C.S., N.S., R.N.L.)
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (A.M.F., D.S.S., S.R.H., E.R.W.)
| | - Luc Djousse
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (L.D.)
| | - Susan R. Heckbert
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (A.M.F., D.S.S., S.R.H., E.R.W.)
| | - Irena B. King
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (I.B.K.)
| | - Barbara McKnight
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (B.M.K.)
| | - Colleen Sitlani
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (D.S.S., C.S., N.S., R.N.L.)
| | - Frank M. Sacks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.M., F.M.S.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.M., F.M.S.)
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.M., F.M.S.)
| | - Xiaoling Song
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (X.S.)
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (D.S.S., C.S., N.S., R.N.L.)
| | - Donna Spiegelman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.M., D.S.)
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (D.S.)
| | - Erin R. Wallace
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (A.M.F., D.S.S., S.R.H., E.R.W.)
| | - Rozenn N. Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (D.S.S., C.S., N.S., R.N.L.)
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15
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Li X, Xu M, Pitzer AL, Xia M, Boini KM, Li PL, Zhang Y. Control of autophagy maturation by acid sphingomyelinase in mouse coronary arterial smooth muscle cells: protective role in atherosclerosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 92:473-85. [PMID: 24463558 PMCID: PMC4211081 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Recent studies have indicated a protective role of autophagy in regulating vascular smooth muscle cells homeostasis in atherogenesis, but the mechanisms controlling autophagy, particularly autophagy maturation, are poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether acid sphingomyelinase (ASM)-regulated lysosome function is involved in autophagy maturation in coronary arterial smooth muscle cells (CASMCs) in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In coronary arterial wall of ASM-deficient (Smpd1⁻/⁻) mice on Western diet, there were high expression levels of both LC3B, a robust marker of autophagosomes (APs), and p62, a selective autophagy substrate, compared with those in wild-type (Smpd1⁺/⁺) mice. By Western blotting and flow cytometry, atherogenic stimulation of Smpd1⁺/⁺ CASMCs with 7-ketocholesterol was found to significantly enhance LC3B expression and increase the content of both APs and autophagolysosomes (APLs). In Smpd1⁻/⁻ CASMCs, such 7-ketocholesterol-induced increases in LC3B and p62 expression and APs were further augmented, but APLs formation was abolished. Analysis of fluorescence resonance energy transfer between fluorescence-labeled LC3B and Lamp1 (lysosome marker) showed that 7-ketocholesterol markedly induced fusion of APs with lysosomes in Smpd1⁺/⁺ CASMCs, which was abolished in Smpd1⁻/⁻ CASMCs. Moreover, 7-ketocholesterol-induced expression of cell dedifferentiation marker vimentin and proliferation was enhanced in Smpd1⁻/⁻ CASMCs compared with those in Smpd1⁺/⁺ CASMCs. Lastly, overexpression of ASM further increased APLs formation in Smpd1⁺/⁺ CASMCs and restored APLs formation in Smpd1⁻/⁻ CASMCs indicating that increased ASM expression is highly correlated with enhanced APLs formation. Taken together, our data suggest that the control of lysosome trafficking and fusion by ASM is essential to a normal autophagic flux in CASMCs, which implicates that the deficiency of ASM-mediated regulation of autophagy maturation may result in imbalance of arterial smooth muscle cell homeostasis and thus serve as an important atherogenic mechanism in coronary arteries. KEY MESSAGES Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) controls autophagy maturation in smooth muscle cells. ASM maintains smooth muscle cell homeostasis and its contractile phenotype. ASM plays a protective role in smooth muscle dysfunction and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
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16
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Lancemaside A from Codonopsis lanceolata modulates the inflammatory responses mediated by monocytes and macrophages. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:405158. [PMID: 24782593 PMCID: PMC3981472 DOI: 10.1155/2014/405158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to examine the cellular and molecular mechanisms of lancemaside A from Codonopsis lanceolata (Campanulaceae) in the inflammatory responses of monocytes (U937 cells) and macrophages (RAW264.7 cells). Lancemaside A significantly suppressed the inflammatory functions of lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) treated RAW264.7 cells by suppressing the production of nitric oxide (NO), the expression of the NO-producing enzyme inducible NO synthase (iNOS), the upregulation of the costimulatory molecule CD80, and the morphological changes induced by LPS exposure. In addition, lancemaside A diminished the phagocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells and boosted the neutralizing capacity of these cells when treated with the radical generator sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Interestingly, lancemaside A strongly blocked the adhesion activity of RAW264.7 cells to plastic culture plates, inhibited the cell-cell and cell-fibronectin (FN) adhesion of U937 cells that was triggered by treatment with an anti-β1-integrin (CD29) antibody and immobilized FN, respectively. By evaluating the activation of various intracellular signaling pathways and the levels of related nuclear transcription factors, lancemaside A was found to block the activation of inhibitor of κB kinase (IKK) and p65/nuclear factor- (NF-) κB. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest that the anti-inflammatory function of lancemaside A is the result of its strong antioxidative and IKK/NF-κB inhibitory activities.
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Kim MY, Cho JY. 20S-dihydroprotopanaxadiol, a ginsenoside derivative, boosts innate immune responses of monocytes and macrophages. J Ginseng Res 2013; 37:293-9. [PMID: 24198654 PMCID: PMC3818955 DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2013.37.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
20S-dihydroprotopanaxadiol (2H-PPD) is a derivative of protopanaxadiol, a glycone of ginsenosides prepared from Panax ginseng. Although ginsenosides and acidic polysaccharides are known to be major active ingredients in ginseng, the immunopharmacological activities of their metabolites and derivatives have not been fully explored. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the regulatory action of 2H-PPD on the function of monocytes and macrophages in innate immune responses. 2H-PPD was able to boost the phagocytic uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran in macrophages and enhance the generation of radicals (reactive oxygen species) in sodium nitroprusside-treated RAW264.7 cells. The surface levels of the costimulatory molecules such as CD80 and CD86 were also increased during 2H-PPD treatment. In addition, this compound boosted U937 cellcell aggregation induced by CD29 and CD43 antibodies, but not by cell-extracellular matrix (fibronectin) adhesion. Similarly, the surface levels of CD29 and CD43 were increased by 2H-PPD exposure. Therefore, our results strongly suggest that 2H-PPD has the pharmacological capability to upregulate the functional role of macrophages/monocytes in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Yeon Kim
- School of Systems Biological Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 156-743, Korea
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18
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Kim MY, Cho JY. 20S-dihydroprotopanaxatriol modulates functional activation of monocytes and macrophages. J Ginseng Res 2013; 37:300-7. [PMID: 24198655 PMCID: PMC3818956 DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2013.37.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
20S-dihydroprotopanaxatriol (2H-PPT) is a derivative of protopanaxatrol from ginseng. Unlike other components from Panax ginseng, the pharmacological activity of this compound has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the modulatory activity of 2H-PPT on the cellular responses of monocytes and macrophages to understand its immunoregulatory actions. 2H-PPT strongly upregulated the release of radicals in sodium nitroprusside-treated RAW264.7 cells and the surface levels of costimulatory molecule CD86. More importantly, this compound remarkably suppressed nitric oxide production, morphological changes, phagocytic uptake, cell-cell aggregation, and cell-matrix adhesion in RAW264.7 and U937 cells in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide, anti-CD43 antibody, fibronectin, and phorbal 12-myristate 13-acetate. Therefore, our results suggest that 2H-PPT can be applied as a novel functional immunoregulator of macrophages and monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Yeon Kim
- School of Systems Biological Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 156-743, Korea
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Muzzachi S, Blasi A, Ciani E, Favia M, Cardone RA, Marzulli D, Reshkin SJ, Merizzi G, Casavola V, Soleti A, Guerra L. MED1101: A new dialdehydic compound regulating P2×7 receptor cell surface expression in U937 cells. Biol Cell 2013; 105:399-413. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201200088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Muzzachi
- Department of Biosciences; Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics; University of Bari; Bari; 70126; Italy
| | | | - Elena Ciani
- Department of Biosciences; Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics; University of Bari; Bari; 70126; Italy
| | - Maria Favia
- Department of Biosciences; Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics; University of Bari; Bari; 70126; Italy
| | - Rosa A. Cardone
- Department of Biosciences; Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics; University of Bari; Bari; 70126; Italy
| | - Domenico Marzulli
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics; CNR; Bari; 70126; Italy
| | - Stephan J. Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences; Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics; University of Bari; Bari; 70126; Italy
| | | | - Valeria Casavola
- Department of Biosciences; Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics; University of Bari; Bari; 70126; Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Guerra
- Department of Biosciences; Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics; University of Bari; Bari; 70126; Italy
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