1
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Wilkin C, Piette J, Legrand-Poels S. Unravelling metabolic factors impacting iNKT cell biology in obesity. Biochem Pharmacol 2024:116436. [PMID: 39029630 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Obesity and related diseases have reached epidemic proportions and continue to rise. Beyond creating an economical burden, obesity and its co-morbidities are associated with shortened human life expectancy. Despite major advances, the underlying mechanisms of obesity remain not fully elucidated. Recently, several studies have highlighted that various immune cells are metabolically reprogrammed in obesity, thereby profoundly affecting the immune system. This sheds light on a new field of interest: the impact of obesity-related systemic metabolic changes affecting immune system that could lead to immunosurveillance loss. Among immune cells altered by obesity, invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells have recently garnered intense focus due to their ability to recognize lipid antigen. While iNKT cells are well-described to be affected by obesity, how and to what extent immunometabolic factors (e.g., lipids, glucose, cytokines, adipokines, insulin and free fatty acids) can drive iNKT cells alterations remains unclear, but represent an emerging field of research. Here, we review the current knowledge on iNKT cells in obesity and discuss the immunometabolic factors that could modulate their phenotype and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Wilkin
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism and Nutrition, GIGA, ULiège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Jacques Piette
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, GIGA, ULiège, Liège, Belgium
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2
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Huang S, Shahine A, Cheng TY, Chen YL, Ng SW, Balaji GR, Farquhar R, Gras S, Hardman CS, Altman JD, Tahiri N, Minnaard AJ, Ogg GS, Mayfield JA, Rossjohn J, Moody DB. CD1 lipidomes reveal lipid-binding motifs and size-based antigen-display mechanisms. Cell 2023; 186:4583-4596.e13. [PMID: 37725977 PMCID: PMC10591967 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The CD1 system binds lipid antigens for display to T cells. Here, we solved lipidomes for the four human CD1 antigen-presenting molecules, providing a map of self-lipid display. Answering a basic question, the detection of >2,000 CD1-lipid complexes demonstrates broad presentation of self-sphingolipids and phospholipids. Whereas peptide antigens are chemically processed, many lipids are presented in an unaltered form. However, each type of CD1 protein differentially edits the self-lipidome to show distinct capture motifs based on lipid length and chemical composition, suggesting general antigen display mechanisms. For CD1a and CD1d, lipid size matches the CD1 cleft volume. CD1c cleft size is more variable, and CD1b is the outlier, where ligands and clefts show an extreme size mismatch that is explained by uniformly seating two small lipids in one cleft. Furthermore, the list of compounds that comprise the integrated CD1 lipidome supports the ongoing discovery of lipid blockers and antigens for T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouxiong Huang
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adam Shahine
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Tan-Yun Cheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yi-Ling Chen
- Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Soo Weei Ng
- Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Gautham R. Balaji
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Rachel Farquhar
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Stephanie Gras
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Clare S. Hardman
- Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - John D. Altman
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nabil Tahiri
- Department of Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Adriaan J. Minnaard
- Department of Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Graham S. Ogg
- Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jacob A. Mayfield
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - D. Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Lead contact
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3
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Ogg GS, Rossjohn J, Clark RA, Moody DB. CD1a and bound lipids drive T-cell responses in human skin disease. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250333. [PMID: 37539748 PMCID: PMC10592190 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
In addition to serving as the main physical barrier with the outside world, human skin is abundantly infiltrated with resident αβ T cells that respond differently to self, infectious, microbiome, and noxious stimuli. To study skin T cells during infection and inflammation, experimental biologists track T-cell surface phenotypes and effector functions, which are often interpreted with the untested assumption that MHC proteins and peptide antigens drive measured responses. However, a broader perspective is that CD1 proteins also activate human T cells, and in skin, Langerhans cells (LCs) are abundant antigen presenting cells that express extremely high levels of CD1a. The emergence of new experimental tools, including CD1a tetramers carrying endogenous lipids, now show that CD1a-reactive T cells comprise a large population of resident T cells in human skin. Here, we review studies showing that skin-derived αβ T cells directly recognize CD1a proteins, and certain bound lipids, such as contact dermatitis allergens, trigger T-cell responses. Other natural skin lipids inhibit CD1a-mediated T-cell responses, providing an entry point for the development of therapeutic lipids that block T-cell responses. Increasing evidence points to a distinct role of CD1a in type 2 and 22 T-cell responses, providing new insights into psoriasis, contact dermatitis, and other T-cell-mediated skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham S. Ogg
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rachael A. Clark
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D. Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
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4
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Li F, Roy S, Niculcea J, Gould K, Adams EJ, van der Merwe PA, Choudhuri K. Ligand-induced segregation from large cell-surface phosphatases is a critical step in γδ TCR triggering. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.23.554524. [PMID: 37662246 PMCID: PMC10473748 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.23.554524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Gamma/delta (γδ) T cells are unconventional adaptive lymphocytes that recognize structurally diverse ligands via somatically-recombined antigen receptors (γδ TCRs). The molecular mechanism by which ligand recognition initiates γδ TCR signaling, a process known as TCR triggering, remains elusive. Unlike αβ TCRs, γδ TCRs are not mechanosensitive, and do not require coreceptors or typical binding-induced conformational changes for triggering. Here, we show that γδ TCR triggering by nonclassical MHC class Ib antigens, a major class of ligands recognized by γδ T cells, requires steric segregation of the large cell-surface phosphatases CD45 and CD148 from engaged TCRs at synaptic close contact zones. Increasing access of these inhibitory phosphatases to sites of TCR engagement, by elongating MHC class Ib ligands or truncating CD45/148 ectodomains, abrogates TCR triggering and T cell activation. Our results identify a critical step in γδ TCR triggering and provide insight into the core triggering mechanism of endogenous and synthetic tyrosine-phosphorylated immunoreceptors.
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5
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Morris I, Croes CA, Boes M, Kalkhoven E. Advanced omics techniques shed light on CD1d-mediated lipid antigen presentation to iNKT cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159292. [PMID: 36773690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) can be activated through binding antigenic lipid/CD1d complexes to their TCR. Antigenic lipids are processed, loaded, and displayed in complex with CD1d by lipid antigen presenting cells (LAPCs). The mechanism of lipid antigen presentation via CD1d is highly conserved with recent work showing adipocytes are LAPCs that, besides having a role in lipid storage, can activate iNKT cells and play an important role in systemic metabolic disease. Recent studies shed light on parameters potentially dictating cytokine output and how obesity-associated metabolic disease may affect such parameters. By following a lipid antigen's journey, we identify five key areas which may dictate cytokine skew: co-stimulation, structural properties of the lipid antigen, stability of lipid antigen/CD1d complexes, intracellular and extracellular pH, and intracellular and extracellular lipid environment. Recent publications indicate that the combination of advanced omics-type approaches and machine learning may be a fruitful way to interconnect these 5 areas, with the ultimate goal to provide new insights for therapeutic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imogen Morris
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584, CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cresci-Anne Croes
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, 6708WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne Boes
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Lundlaan 6, 3584, EA, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Paediatric Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Lundlaan 6, 3584, EA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Kalkhoven
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584, CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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6
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Wegrecki M. CD1a-mediated immunity from a molecular perspective. Mol Immunol 2023; 158:43-53. [PMID: 37116273 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Human CD1a is a non-polymorphic glycoprotein that presents lipid antigens to T cells. The most obvious role of CD1a is associated with its expression on Langerhans cells in epidermis, where it is involved in responses to pathogens. Antigen-specific T cells are believed to co-recognise CD1a presenting bacterial antigens such as species of lipopeptides from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Further, human skin contains large amount of endogenous lipids that can activate distinct subsets of CD1a-restricted autoreactive T cells, mostly belonging to the αβ lineage, which are abundant in human blood and skin and are important for skin homeostasis in healthy individuals. CD1a and CD1a-restricted T cells have been linked to certain autoimmune conditions such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and contact hypersensitivity becoming a potential candidate for clinical interventions. A significant progress has been made in the last twenty years towards our understanding of the molecular processes that orchestrate CD1a-lipid binding, antigen presentation and mechanism of CD1a recognition by αβ and γδ T cells. This review summarises the recent developments within the field of CD1a-mediated immunity from a molecular perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wegrecki
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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7
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Farquhar R, Van Rhijn I, Moody DB, Rossjohn J, Shahine A. αβ T-cell receptor recognition of self-phosphatidylinositol presented by CD1b. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102849. [PMID: 36587766 PMCID: PMC9900620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CD1 glycoproteins present lipid-based antigens to T-cell receptors (TCRs). A role for CD1b in T-cell-mediated autoreactivity was proposed when it was established that CD1b can present self-phospholipids with short alkyl chains (∼C34) to T cells; however, the structural characteristics of this presentation and recognition are unclear. Here, we report the 1.9 Å resolution binary crystal structure of CD1b presenting a self-phosphatidylinositol-C34:1 and an endogenous scaffold lipid. Moreover, we also determined the 2.4 Å structure of CD1b-phosphatidylinositol complexed to an autoreactive αβ TCR, BC8B. We show that the TCR docks above CD1b and directly contacts the presented antigen, selecting for both the phosphoinositol headgroup and glycerol neck region via antigen remodeling within CD1b and allowing lateral escape of the inositol moiety through a channel formed by the TCR α-chain. Furthermore, through alanine scanning mutagenesis and surface plasmon resonance, we identified key CD1b residues mediating this interaction, with Glu-80 abolishing TCR binding. We in addition define a role for both CD1b α1 and CD1b α2 molecular domains in modulating this interaction. These findings suggest that the BC8B TCR contacts both the presented phospholipid and the endogenous scaffold lipid via a dual mechanism of corecognition. Taken together, these data expand our understanding into the molecular mechanisms of CD1b-mediated T-cell autoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Farquhar
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
| | - Adam Shahine
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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8
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Erausquin E, Morán-Garrido M, Sáiz J, Barbas C, Dichiara-Rodríguez G, Urdiciain A, López-Sagaseta J. Identification of a broad lipid repertoire associated to the endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR). Sci Rep 2022; 12:15127. [PMID: 36068249 PMCID: PMC9448719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18844-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence is mounting that the nature of the lipid bound to the endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) has an impact on its biological roles, as observed in anticoagulation and more recently, in autoimmune disease. Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine species dominate the EPCR lipid cargo, yet, the extent of diversity in the EPCR-associated lipid repertoire is still unknown and remains to be uncovered. We undertook mass spectrometry analyses to decipher the EPCR lipidome, and identified species not yet described as EPCR ligands, such as phosphatidylinositols and phosphatidylserines. Remarkably, we found further, more structurally divergent lipids classes, represented by ceramides and sphingomyelins, both in less abundant quantities. In support of our mass spectrometry results and previous studies, high-resolution crystal structures of EPCR in three different space groups point to a prevalent diacyl phospholipid moiety in EPCR’s pocket but a mobile and ambiguous lipid polar head group. In sum, these studies indicate that EPCR can associate with varied lipid classes, which might impact its properties in anticoagulation and the onset of autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Erausquin
- Unit of Protein Crystallography and Structural Immunology, Navarrabiomed, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,Public University of Navarra (UPNA), 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,Navarra University Hospital, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - María Morán-Garrido
- Centre of Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Jorge Sáiz
- Centre of Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centre of Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Gilda Dichiara-Rodríguez
- Unit of Protein Crystallography and Structural Immunology, Navarrabiomed, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,Public University of Navarra (UPNA), 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,Navarra University Hospital, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Alejandro Urdiciain
- Unit of Protein Crystallography and Structural Immunology, Navarrabiomed, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,Public University of Navarra (UPNA), 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,Navarra University Hospital, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Jacinto López-Sagaseta
- Unit of Protein Crystallography and Structural Immunology, Navarrabiomed, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain. .,Public University of Navarra (UPNA), 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain. .,Navarra University Hospital, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.
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9
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Wegrecki M, Ocampo TA, Gunasinghe SD, von Borstel A, Tin SY, Reijneveld JF, Cao TP, Gully BS, Le Nours J, Moody DB, Van Rhijn I, Rossjohn J. Atypical sideways recognition of CD1a by autoreactive γδ T cell receptors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3872. [PMID: 35790773 PMCID: PMC9256601 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31443-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CD1a is a monomorphic antigen-presenting molecule on dendritic cells that presents lipids to αβ T cells. Whether CD1a represents a ligand for other immune receptors remains unknown. Here we use CD1a tetramers to show that CD1a is a ligand for Vδ1+ γδ T cells. Functional studies suggest that two γδ T cell receptors (TCRs) bound CD1a in a lipid-independent manner. The crystal structures of three Vγ4Vδ1 TCR-CD1a-lipid complexes reveal that the γδ TCR binds at the extreme far side and parallel to the long axis of the β-sheet floor of CD1a's antigen-binding cleft. Here, the γδ TCR co-recognises the CD1a heavy chain and β2 microglobulin in a manner that is distinct from all other previously observed γδ TCR docking modalities. The 'sideways' and lipid antigen independent mode of autoreactive CD1a recognition induces TCR clustering on the cell surface and proximal T cell signalling as measured by CD3ζ phosphorylation. In contrast with the 'end to end' binding of αβ TCRs that typically contact carried antigens, autoreactive γδ TCRs support geometrically diverse approaches to CD1a, as well as antigen independent recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wegrecki
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tonatiuh A Ocampo
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
| | - Sachith D Gunasinghe
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anouk von Borstel
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shin Yi Tin
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Josephine F Reijneveld
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thinh-Phat Cao
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin S Gully
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jérôme Le Nours
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US.
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.
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10
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Singh R, Chen Y, Ng SW, Cain D, Etherington R, Hardman C, Ogg G. Phospholipase activity of acyloxyacyl hydrolase induces IL-22-producing CD1a-autoreactive T cells in individuals with psoriasis. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:511-524. [PMID: 34913478 PMCID: PMC9302981 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by Th17 responses. Recent evidence has identified Langerhans cells to have a key role in disease pathogenesis, with constitutive high expression of CD1a and capacity to present lipid antigens to T cells. Phospholipase A2 enzymes generate neolipid antigens for recognition by CD1a-reactive T cells; however, the broader enzymatic pathways of CD1a lipid ligand generation have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we used immunofluorescence of skin and ELISpot analyses of CD1a-reactive T cells to investigate the role of the lipase acyloxyacyl hydrolase (AOAH) in CD1a ligand generation with relevance to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. We found that the PLA2 activity of rAOAH leads to the activation of circulating CD1a auto-reactive T cells, leading to the production of IFN-γ and IL-22. Circulating AOAH-responsive CD1a-reactive T cells from patients with psoriasis showed elevated IL-22 production. We observed that AOAH is highly expressed in psoriatic lesions compared to healthy skin. Overall, these data present a role for AOAH in generating antigens that activate circulating lipid-specific CD1a-restricted T cells and, thus, contribute to psoriatic inflammation. These findings suggest that inhibition of PLA2 activity of AOAH may have therapeutic potential for individuals with psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randeep Singh
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology UnitRadcliffe Department of MedicineMedical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Yi‐Ling Chen
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology UnitRadcliffe Department of MedicineMedical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Soo Weei Ng
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology UnitRadcliffe Department of MedicineMedical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - David Cain
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology UnitRadcliffe Department of MedicineMedical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Rachel Etherington
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology UnitRadcliffe Department of MedicineMedical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Clare Hardman
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology UnitRadcliffe Department of MedicineMedical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Graham Ogg
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology UnitRadcliffe Department of MedicineMedical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research CentreOxford University HospitalsOxfordUnited Kingdom
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11
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Kerr D, Gong Z, Suwatthee T, Luoma A, Roy S, Scarpaci R, Hwang HL, Henderson JM, Cao KD, Bu W, Lin B, Tietjen GT, Steck TL, Adams EJ, Lee KYC. How Tim proteins differentially exploit membrane features to attain robust target sensitivity. Biophys J 2021; 120:4891-4902. [PMID: 34529946 PMCID: PMC8595564 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune surveillance cells such as T cells and phagocytes utilize integral plasma membrane receptors to recognize surface signatures on triggered and activated cells such as those in apoptosis. One such family of plasma membrane sensors, the transmembrane immunoglobulin and mucin domain (Tim) proteins, specifically recognize phosphatidylserine (PS) but elicit distinct immunological responses. The molecular basis for the recognition of lipid signals on target cell surfaces is not well understood. Previous results suggest that basic side chains present at the membrane interface on the Tim proteins might facilitate association with additional anionic lipids including but not necessarily limited to PS. We, therefore, performed a comparative quantitative analysis of the binding of the murine Tim1, Tim3, and Tim4, to synthetic anionic phospholipid membranes under physiologically relevant conditions. X-ray reflectivity and vesicle binding studies were used to compare the water-soluble domain of Tim3 with results previously obtained for Tim1 and Tim4. Although a calcium link was essential for all three proteins, the three homologs differed in how they balance the hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions driving membrane association. The proteins also varied in their sensing of phospholipid chain unsaturation and showed different degrees of cooperativity in their dependence on bilayer PS concentration. Surprisingly, trace amounts of anionic phosphatidic acid greatly strengthened the bilayer association of Tim3 and Tim4, but not Tim1. A novel mathematical model provided values for the binding parameters and illuminated the complex interplay among ligands. In conclusion, our results provide a quantitative description of the contrasting selectivity used by three Tim proteins in the recognition of phospholipids presented on target cell surfaces. This paradigm is generally applicable to the analysis of the binding of peripheral proteins to target membranes through the heterotropic cooperative interactions of multiple ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kerr
- Program in Biophysical Sciences, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Chemistry, Chicago, Illinois; James Franck Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Zhiliang Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Chicago, Illinois; James Franck Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - Sobhan Roy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Renee Scarpaci
- City University of New York City College, New York, New York
| | - Hyeondo Luke Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Chicago, Illinois; James Franck Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - J Michael Henderson
- Department of Chemistry, Chicago, Illinois; James Franck Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathleen D Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Chicago, Illinois; James Franck Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Wei Bu
- NSF's ChemMatCARS, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Binhua Lin
- James Franck Institute, Chicago, Illinois; NSF's ChemMatCARS, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gregory T Tietjen
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplant and Immunology and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Theodore L Steck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Erin J Adams
- Program in Biophysical Sciences, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Chicago, Illinois; Committee on Immunology, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ka Yee C Lee
- Program in Biophysical Sciences, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Chemistry, Chicago, Illinois; James Franck Institute, Chicago, Illinois.
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12
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Reijneveld JF, Marino L, Cao TP, Cheng TY, Dam D, Shahine A, Witte MD, Filippov DV, Suliman S, van der Marel GA, Moody DB, Minnaard AJ, Rossjohn J, Codée JDC, Van Rhijn I. Rational design of a hydrolysis-resistant mycobacterial phosphoglycolipid antigen presented by CD1c to T cells. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101197. [PMID: 34536421 PMCID: PMC8511953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas proteolytic cleavage is crucial for peptide presentation by classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins to T cells, glycolipids presented by CD1 molecules are typically presented in an unmodified form. However, the mycobacterial lipid antigen mannosyl-β1-phosphomycoketide (MPM) may be processed through hydrolysis in antigen presenting cells, forming mannose and phosphomycoketide (PM). To further test the hypothesis that some lipid antigens are processed, and to generate antigens that lead to defined epitopes for future tuberculosis vaccines or diagnostic tests, we aimed to create hydrolysis-resistant MPM variants that retain their antigenicity. Here, we designed and tested three different, versatile synthetic strategies to chemically stabilize MPM analogs. Crystallographic studies of CD1c complexes with these three new MPM analogs showed anchoring of the lipid tail and phosphate group that is highly comparable to nature-identical MPM, with considerable conformational flexibility for the mannose head group. MPM-3, a difluoromethylene-modified version of MPM that is resistant to hydrolysis, showed altered recognition by cells, but not by CD1c proteins, supporting the cellular antigen processing hypothesis. Furthermore, the synthetic analogs elicited T cell responses that were cross-reactive with nature-identical MPM, fulfilling important requirements for future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine F Reijneveld
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Marino
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thinh-Phat Cao
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tan-Yun Cheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dennis Dam
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Adam Shahine
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin D Witte
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dmitri V Filippov
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Suliman
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gijsbert A van der Marel
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adriaan J Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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13
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Andringa RLH, de Kok NAW, Driessen AJM, Minnaard AJ. A Unified Approach for the Total Synthesis of cyclo-Archaeol, iso-Caldarchaeol, Caldarchaeol, and Mycoketide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17497-17503. [PMID: 33929790 PMCID: PMC8362178 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ir-catalyzed asymmetric alkene hydrogenation is presented as the strategy par excellence to prepare saturated isoprenoids and mycoketides. This highly stereoselective synthesis approach is combined with an established 13 C-NMR method to determine the enantioselectivity of each methyl-branched stereocenter. It is shown that this analysis is fit for purpose and the combination allows the synthesis of the title compounds with a significant increase in efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben L. H. Andringa
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 79747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Niels A. W. de Kok
- Department of Molecular MicrobiologyUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 79747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Arnold J. M. Driessen
- Department of Molecular MicrobiologyUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 79747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Adriaan J. Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 79747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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14
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Andringa RLH, Kok NAW, Driessen AJM, Minnaard AJ. A Unified Approach for the Total Synthesis of
cyclo
‐Archaeol,
iso
‐Caldarchaeol, Caldarchaeol, and Mycoketide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben L. H. Andringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Niels A. W. Kok
- Department of Molecular Microbiology University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Arnold J. M. Driessen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan J. Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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15
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Gherardin NA, Redmond SJ, McWilliam HEG, Almeida CF, Gourley KHA, Seneviratna R, Li S, De Rose R, Ross FJ, Nguyen-Robertson CV, Su S, Ritchie ME, Villadangos JA, Moody DB, Pellicci DG, Uldrich AP, Godfrey DI. CD36 family members are TCR-independent ligands for CD1 antigen-presenting molecules. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:6/60/eabg4176. [PMID: 34172588 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abg4176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CD1c presents lipid-based antigens to CD1c-restricted T cells, which are thought to be a major component of the human T cell pool. However, the study of CD1c-restricted T cells is hampered by the presence of an abundantly expressed, non-T cell receptor (TCR) ligand for CD1c on blood cells, confounding analysis of TCR-mediated CD1c tetramer staining. Here, we identified the CD36 family (CD36, SR-B1, and LIMP-2) as ligands for CD1c, CD1b, and CD1d proteins and showed that CD36 is the receptor responsible for non-TCR-mediated CD1c tetramer staining of blood cells. Moreover, CD36 blockade clarified tetramer-based identification of CD1c-restricted T cells and improved identification of CD1b- and CD1d-restricted T cells. We used this technique to characterize CD1c-restricted T cells ex vivo and showed diverse phenotypic features, TCR repertoire, and antigen-specific subsets. Accordingly, this work will enable further studies into the biology of CD1 and human CD1-restricted T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Gherardin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia. .,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Samuel J Redmond
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Hamish E G McWilliam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Catarina F Almeida
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Katherine H A Gourley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Rebecca Seneviratna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Shihan Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Robert De Rose
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Fiona J Ross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Catriona V Nguyen-Robertson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Shian Su
- Epigenetics and Development Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3053, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Matthew E Ritchie
- Epigenetics and Development Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3053, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jose A Villadangos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunity, and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel G Pellicci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Adam P Uldrich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia. .,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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16
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Yoo HJ, Kim NY, Kim JH. Current Understanding of the Roles of CD1a-Restricted T Cells in the Immune System. Mol Cells 2021; 44:310-317. [PMID: 33980746 PMCID: PMC8175153 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 1 (CD1) is a family of cell-surface glycoproteins that present lipid antigens to T cells. Humans have five CD1 isoforms. CD1a is distinguished by the small volume of its antigen-binding groove and its stunted A' pocket, its high and exclusive expression on Langerhans cells, and its localization in the early endosomal and recycling intracellular trafficking compartments. Its ligands originate from self or foreign sources. There are three modes by which the T-cell receptors of CD1a-restricted T cells interact with the CD1a:lipid complex: they bind to both the CD1a surface and the antigen or to only CD1a itself, which activates the T cell, or they are unable to bind because of bulky motifs protruding from the antigen-binding groove, which might inhibit autoreactive T-cell activation. Recently, several studies have shown that by producing TH2 or TH17 cytokines, CD1a-restricted T cells contribute to inflammatory skin disorders, including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, allergic contact dermatitis, and wasp/bee venom allergy. They may also participate in other diseases, including pulmonary disorders and cancer, because CD1a-expressing dendritic cells are also located in non-skin tissues. In this mini-review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the biology of CD1a-reactive T cells and their potential roles in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Na Young Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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17
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Novel Molecular Insights into Human Lipid-Mediated T Cell Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052617. [PMID: 33807663 PMCID: PMC7961386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells represent a critical arm of our immune defense against pathogens. Over the past two decades, considerable inroads have been made in understanding the fundamental principles underpinning the molecular presentation of peptide-based antigens by the Major Histocompatibility Complex molecules (MHC-I and II), and their molecular recognition by specialized subsets of T cells. However, some T cells can recognize lipid-based antigens presented by MHC-I-like molecules that belong to the Cluster of Differentiation 1 (CD1) family. Here, we will review the advances that have been made in the last five years to understand the molecular mechanisms orchestrating the presentation of novel endogenous and exogenous lipid-based antigens by the CD1 glycoproteins and their recognition by specific populations of CD1-reactive T cells.
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18
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Layton ED, Barman S, Wilburn DB, Yu KKQ, Smith MT, Altman JD, Scriba TJ, Tahiri N, Minnaard AJ, Roederer M, Seder RA, Darrah PA, Seshadri C. T Cells Specific for a Mycobacterial Glycolipid Expand after Intravenous Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccination. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1240-1250. [PMID: 33536255 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intradermal vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) protects infants from disseminated tuberculosis, and i.v. BCG protects nonhuman primates (NHP) against pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. In humans and NHP, protection is thought to be mediated by T cells, which typically recognize bacterial peptide Ags bound to MHC proteins. However, during vertebrate evolution, T cells acquired the capacity to recognize lipid Ags bound to CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c proteins expressed on APCs. It is unknown whether BCG induces T cell immunity to mycobacterial lipids and whether CD1-restricted T cells are resident in the lung. In this study, we developed and validated Macaca mulatta (Mamu) CD1b and CD1c tetramers to probe ex vivo phenotypes and functions of T cells specific for glucose monomycolate (GMM), an immunodominant mycobacterial lipid Ag. We discovered that CD1b and CD1c present GMM to T cells in both humans and NHP. We show that GMM-specific T cells are expanded in rhesus macaque blood 4 wk after i.v. BCG, which has been shown to protect NHP with near-sterilizing efficacy upon M. tuberculosis challenge. After vaccination, these T cells are detected at high frequency within bronchoalveolar fluid and express CD69 and CD103, markers associated with resident memory T cells. Thus, our data expand the repertoire of T cells known to be induced by whole cell mycobacterial vaccines, such as BCG, and show that lipid Ag-specific T cells are resident in the lungs, where they may contribute to protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik D Layton
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Soumik Barman
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Damien B Wilburn
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Krystle K Q Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Malisa T Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - John D Altman
- National Institutes of Health Tetramer Core Facility, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 9747, South Africa
| | - Nabil Tahiri
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen 7925, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Adriaan J Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen 7925, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Robert A Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Patricia A Darrah
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Chetan Seshadri
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109; .,Tuberculosis Research and Training Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
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19
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Morgun E, Cao L, Wang CR. Role of Group 1 CD1-Restricted T Cells in Host Defense and Inflammatory Diseases. Crit Rev Immunol 2021; 41:1-21. [PMID: 35381140 PMCID: PMC10128144 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2021040089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Group 1 CD1-restricted T cells are members of the unconventional T cell family that recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c molecules. Although they developmentally mirror invariant natural killer T cells, they have diverse antigen specificity and functional capacity, with both anti-microbial and autoreactive targets. The role of group 1 CD1-restricted T cells has been best established in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection in which a wide variety of lipid antigens have been identified and their ability to confer protection against Mtb infection in a CD1 transgenic mouse model has been shown. Group 1 CD1-restricted T cells have also been implicated in other infections, inflammatory conditions, and malignancies. In particular, autoreactive group 1 CD1-restricted T cells have been shown to play a role in several skin inflammatory conditions. The prevalence of group 1 CD1 autoreactive T cells in healthy individuals suggests the presence of regulatory mechanisms to suppress autoreactivity in homeostasis. The more recent use of group 1 CD1 tetramers and mouse models has allowed for better characterization of their phenotype, functional capacity, and underlying mechanisms of antigen-specific and autoreactive activation. These discoveries may pave the way for the development of novel vaccines and immunotherapies that target group 1 CD1-restricted T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Morgun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Liang Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Chyung-Ru Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
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20
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Nicolai S, Wegrecki M, Cheng TY, Bourgeois EA, Cotton RN, Mayfield JA, Monnot GC, Le Nours J, Van Rhijn I, Rossjohn J, Moody DB, de Jong A. Human T cell response to CD1a and contact dermatitis allergens in botanical extracts and commercial skin care products. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/43/eaax5430. [PMID: 31901073 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aax5430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During industrialization, humans have been exposed to increasing numbers of foreign chemicals. Failure of the immune system to tolerate drugs, cosmetics, and other skin products causes allergic contact dermatitis, a T cell-mediated disease with rising prevalence. Models of αβ T cell response emphasize T cell receptor (TCR) contact with peptide-MHC complexes, but this model cannot readily explain activation by most contact dermatitis allergens, which are nonpeptidic molecules. We tested whether CD1a, an abundant MHC I-like protein in human skin, mediates contact allergen recognition. Using CD1a-autoreactive human αβ T cell clones to screen clinically important allergens present in skin patch testing kits, we identified responses to balsam of Peru, a tree oil widely used in cosmetics and toothpaste. Additional purification identified benzyl benzoate and benzyl cinnamate as antigenic compounds within balsam of Peru. Screening of structurally related compounds revealed additional stimulants of CD1a-restricted T cells, including farnesol and coenzyme Q2. Certain general chemical features controlled response: small size, extreme hydrophobicity, and chemical constraint from rings and unsaturations. Unlike lipid antigens that protrude to form epitopes and contact TCRs, the small size of farnesol allows sequestration deeply within CD1a, where it displaces self-lipids and unmasks the CD1a surface. These studies identify molecular connections between CD1a and hypersensitivity to consumer products, defining a mechanism that could plausibly explain the many known T cell responses to oily substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nicolai
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marcin Wegrecki
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Tan-Yun Cheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elvire A Bourgeois
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rachel N Cotton
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jacob A Mayfield
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gwennaëlle C Monnot
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Dermatology, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jérôme Le Nours
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Annemieke de Jong
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Dermatology, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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21
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Jiang J, Natarajan K, Margulies DH. MHC Molecules, T cell Receptors, Natural Killer Cell Receptors, and Viral Immunoevasins-Key Elements of Adaptive and Innate Immunity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1172:21-62. [PMID: 31628650 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9367-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecules encoded by the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) bind self or foreign peptides and display these at the cell surface for recognition by receptors on T lymphocytes (designated T cell receptors-TCR) or on natural killer (NK) cells. These ligand/receptor interactions govern T cell and NK cell development as well as activation of T memory and effector cells. Such cells participate in immunological processes that regulate immunity to various pathogens, resistance and susceptibility to cancer, and autoimmunity. The past few decades have witnessed the accumulation of a huge knowledge base of the molecular structures of MHC molecules bound to numerous peptides, of TCRs with specificity for many different peptide/MHC (pMHC) complexes, of NK cell receptors (NKR), of MHC-like viral immunoevasins, and of pMHC/TCR and pMHC/NKR complexes. This chapter reviews the structural principles that govern peptide/MHC (pMHC), pMHC/TCR, and pMHC/NKR interactions, for both MHC class I (MHC-I) and MHC class II (MHC-II) molecules. In addition, we discuss the structures of several representative MHC-like molecules. These include host molecules that have distinct biological functions, as well as virus-encoded molecules that contribute to the evasion of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Jiang
- Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Room 11D07, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1892, USA.
| | - Kannan Natarajan
- Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Room 11D07, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1892, USA
| | - David H Margulies
- Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Room 11D12, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1892, USA
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22
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Shahine A. The intricacies of self-lipid antigen presentation by CD1b. Mol Immunol 2018; 104:27-36. [PMID: 30399491 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The CD1 family of glycoproteins are MHC class I-like molecules that present a wide array of self and foreign lipid antigens to T-cell receptors (TCRs) on T-cells. Humans express three classes of CD1 molecules, denoted as Group 1 (CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c), Group 2 (CD1d), and Group 3 (CD1e). Of the CD1 family of molecules, CD1b exhibits the largest and most complex antigen binding groove; allowing it the capabilities to present a broad spectrum of lipid antigens. While its role in foreign-lipid presentation in the context of mycobacterial infection are well characterized, understanding the roles of CD1b in autoreactivity are recently being elucidated. While the mechanisms governing proliferation of CD1b-restricted autoreactive T cells, regulation of CD1 gene expression, and the processes controlling CD1+ antigen presenting cell maturation are widely undercharacterized, the exploration of self-lipid antigens in the context of disease have recently come into focus. Furthermore, the recently expanded pool of CD1b crystal structures allow the opportunity to further analyze the molecular mechanisms of T-cell recognition and self-lipid presentation; where the intricacies of the two-compartment system, that accommodate both the presented self-lipid antigen and scaffold lipids, are scrutinized. This review delves into the immunological and molecular mechanisms governing presentation and T-cell recognition of the broad self-lipid repertoire of CD1b; with evidence mounting pointing towards a role in diseases such as microbial infection, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Shahine
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton Victoria 3800, Australia.
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23
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Park JS, Kim JH. Role of non-classical T cells in skin immunity. Mol Immunol 2018; 103:286-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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24
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Shahine A, Van Rhijn I, Cheng TY, Iwany S, Gras S, Moody DB, Rossjohn J. A molecular basis of human T cell receptor autoreactivity toward self-phospholipids. Sci Immunol 2018; 2:2/16/eaao1384. [PMID: 29054999 PMCID: PMC6649662 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aao1384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human T cell autoreactivity toward lipid antigens presented by CD1 proteins can manifest in numerous diseases, including psoriasis, contact hypersensitivities, and allergies. However, the molecular mechanisms for regulating T cell autoreactivity toward lipid antigens remain unclear. We determined the basis for T cell receptor (TCR) autoreactivity toward CD1b bound to self-phospholipids. The spectrum of self-antigens captured by CD1b skews toward abundant membrane phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. However, TCRs can specifically recognize rare phospholipids, including phosphatidylglycerol (PG). The structure of an autoreactive TCR bound to CD1b-PG shows that discrimination occurs through a marked induced fit movement of PG so that its polar head group fits snugly into the cationic cup of the TCR. Conversely, TCR binding toward ubiquitous self-phospholipids was sterically or electrostatically repelled. Accordingly, we describe a mechanism of TCR autoreactivity toward rare phospholipids and avoidance of autoreactivity to the most abundant self-phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Shahine
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584CL Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tan-Yun Cheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah Iwany
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephanie Gras
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia. .,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia. .,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
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25
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Lepore M, Mori L, De Libero G. The Conventional Nature of Non-MHC-Restricted T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1365. [PMID: 29963057 PMCID: PMC6010553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The definition “unconventional T cells” identifies T lymphocytes that recognize non-peptide antigens presented by monomorphic antigen-presenting molecules. Two cell populations recognize lipid antigens and small metabolites presented by CD1 and MR1 molecules, respectively. A third cell population expressing the TCR Vγ9Vδ2 is stimulated by small phosphorylated metabolites. In the recent past, we have learnt a lot about the selection, tissue distribution, gene transcription programs, mode of expansion after antigen recognition, and persistence of these cells. These studies depict their functions in immune homeostasis and diseases. Current investigations are revealing that unconventional T cells include distinct sub-populations, which display unexpected similarities to classical MHC-restricted T cells in terms of TCR repertoire diversity, antigen specificity variety, functional heterogeneity, and naïve-to-memory differentiation dynamic. This review discusses the latest findings with a particular emphasis on these T cells, which appear to be more conventional than previously appreciated, and with the perspective of using CD1 and MR1-restricted T cells in vaccination and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lepore
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Mori
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gennaro De Libero
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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26
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Cotton RN, Shahine A, Rossjohn J, Moody DB. Lipids hide or step aside for CD1-autoreactive T cell receptors. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 52:93-99. [PMID: 29738961 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Peptide and lipid antigens are presented to T cells when bound to MHC or CD1 proteins, respectively. The general paradigm of T cell antigen recognition is that T cell receptors (TCRs) co-recognize an epitope comprised of the antigen and antigen presenting molecule. Here we review the latest studies in which T cells operate outside the co-recognition paradigm: TCRs can broadly contact CD1 itself, but not the carried lipid. The essential structural feature in these new mechanisms is a large 'antigen free' zone on the outer surface of certain antigen presenting molecules. Whereas peptides dominate the exposed surface of MHC-peptide complexes, all human CD1 proteins have a closed, antigen-free surface, which is known as the A' roof. These new structural models help to interpret recent biological studies of CD1 autoreactive T cells in vivo, which have now been broadly observed in studies on TCR-transgenic mice, healthy humans and patients with autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N Cotton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adam Shahine
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - D Branch Moody
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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27
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Gras S, Van Rhijn I, Shahine A, Le Nours J. Molecular recognition of microbial lipid-based antigens by T cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1623-1639. [PMID: 29340708 PMCID: PMC6328055 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2749-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The immune system has evolved to protect hosts from pathogens. T cells represent a critical component of the immune system by their engagement in host defence mechanisms against microbial infections. Our knowledge of the molecular recognition by T cells of pathogen-derived peptidic antigens that are presented by the major histocompatibility complex glycoproteins is now well established. However, lipids represent an additional, distinct chemical class of molecules that when presented by the family of CD1 antigen-presenting molecules can serve as antigens, and be recognized by specialized subsets of T cells leading to antigen-specific activation. Over the past decades, numerous CD1-presented self- and bacterial lipid-based antigens have been isolated and characterized. However, our understanding at the molecular level of T cell immunity to CD1 molecules presenting microbial lipid-based antigens is still largely unexplored. Here, we review the insights and the molecular basis underpinning the recognition of microbial lipid-based antigens by T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Gras
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Adam Shahine
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jérôme Le Nours
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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28
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Wun KS, Reijneveld JF, Cheng TY, Ladell K, Uldrich AP, Le Nours J, Miners KL, McLaren JE, Grant EJ, Haigh OL, Watkins TS, Suliman S, Iwany S, Jimenez J, Calderon R, Tamara KL, Leon SR, Murray MB, Mayfield JA, Altman JD, Purcell AW, Miles JJ, Godfrey DI, Gras S, Price DA, Van Rhijn I, Moody DB, Rossjohn J. T cell autoreactivity directed toward CD1c itself rather than toward carried self lipids. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:397-406. [PMID: 29531339 PMCID: PMC6475884 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The hallmark function of αβ T cell antigen receptors (TCRs) involves the highly specific co-recognition of a major histocompatibility complex molecule and its carried peptide. However, the molecular basis of the interactions of TCRs with the lipid antigen-presenting molecule CD1c is unknown. We identified frequent staining of human T cells with CD1c tetramers across numerous subjects. Whereas TCRs typically show high specificity for antigen, both tetramer binding and autoreactivity occurred with CD1c in complex with numerous, chemically diverse self lipids. Such extreme polyspecificity was attributable to binding of the TCR over the closed surface of CD1c, with the TCR covering the portal where lipids normally protrude. The TCR essentially failed to contact lipids because they were fully seated within CD1c. These data demonstrate the sequestration of lipids within CD1c as a mechanism of autoreactivity and point to small lipid size as a determinant of autoreactive T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok S Wun
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Josephine F Reijneveld
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tan-Yun Cheng
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Adam P Uldrich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jérôme Le Nours
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kelly L Miners
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - James E McLaren
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Emma J Grant
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Oscar L Haigh
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Thomas S Watkins
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics and Centre for Biosecurity and Tropical Infectious Diseases Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairn, Australia
| | - Sara Suliman
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Iwany
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Megan B Murray
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, and Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacob A Mayfield
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John D Altman
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anthony W Purcell
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - John J Miles
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics and Centre for Biosecurity and Tropical Infectious Diseases Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairn, Australia
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie Gras
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Branch Moody
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.
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29
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Chancellor A, Gadola SD, Mansour S. The versatility of the CD1 lipid antigen presentation pathway. Immunology 2018; 154:196-203. [PMID: 29460282 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of non-classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-I like CD1 molecules has an emerging role in human disease. Group 1 CD1 includes CD1a, CD1b and CD1c, which function to display lipids on the cell surface of antigen-presenting cells for direct recognition by T-cells. The recent advent of CD1 tetramers and the identification of novel lipid ligands has contributed towards the increasing number of CD1-restricted T-cell clones captured. These advances have helped to identify novel donor unrestricted and semi-invariant T-cell populations in humans and new mechanisms of T-cell recognition. However, although there is an opportunity to design broadly acting lipids and harness the therapeutic potential of conserved T-cells, knowledge of their role in health and disease is lacking. We briefly summarize the current evidence implicating group 1 CD1 molecules in infection, cancer and autoimmunity and show that although CD1 are not as diverse as MHC, recent discoveries highlight their versatility as they exhibit intricate mechanisms of antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Chancellor
- Faculty of Medicine, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Southampton, UK
| | - Stephan D Gadola
- Faculty of Medicine, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Southampton, UK.,F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Salah Mansour
- Faculty of Medicine, Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Southampton, UK
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30
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CD1c caves in on lipids. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:322-324. [PMID: 29563628 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Differing roles of CD1d2 and CD1d1 proteins in type I natural killer T cell development and function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1204-E1213. [PMID: 29351991 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1716669115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
MHC class I-like CD1 molecules have evolved to present lipid-based antigens to T cells. Differences in the antigen-binding clefts of the CD1 family members determine the conformation and size of the lipids that are presented, although the factors that shape CD1 diversity remain unclear. In mice, two homologous genes, CD1D1 and CD1D2, encode the CD1d protein, which is essential to the development and function of natural killer T (NKT) cells. However, it remains unclear whether both CD1d isoforms are equivalent in their antigen presentation capacity and functions. Here, we report that CD1d2 molecules are expressed in the thymus of some mouse strains, where they select functional type I NKT cells. Intriguingly, the T cell antigen receptor repertoire and phenotype of CD1d2-selected type I NKT cells in CD1D1-/- mice differed from CD1d1-selected type I NKT cells. The structures of CD1d2 in complex with endogenous lipids and a truncated acyl-chain analog of α-galactosylceramide revealed that its A'-pocket was restricted in size compared with CD1d1. Accordingly, CD1d2 molecules could not present glycolipid antigens with long acyl chains efficiently, favoring the presentation of short acyl chain antigens. These results indicate that the two CD1d molecules present different sets of self-antigen(s) in the mouse thymus, thereby impacting the development of invariant NKT cells.
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32
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Tietjen GT, Baylon JL, Kerr D, Gong Z, Henderson JM, Heffern CTR, Meron M, Lin B, Schlossman ML, Adams EJ, Tajkhorshid E, Lee KYC. Coupling X-Ray Reflectivity and In Silico Binding to Yield Dynamics of Membrane Recognition by Tim1. Biophys J 2017; 113:1505-1519. [PMID: 28978444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic nature of lipid membranes presents significant challenges with respect to understanding the molecular basis of protein/membrane interactions. Consequently, there is relatively little known about the structural mechanisms by which membrane-binding proteins might distinguish subtle variations in lipid membrane composition and/or structure. We have previously developed a multidisciplinary approach that combines molecular dynamics simulation with interfacial x-ray scattering experiments to produce an atomistic model for phosphatidylserine recognition by the immune receptor Tim4. However, this approach requires a previously determined protein crystal structure in a membrane-bound conformation. Tim1, a Tim4 homolog with distinct differences in both immunological function and sensitivity to membrane composition, was crystalized in a closed-loop conformation that is unlikely to support membrane binding. Here we have used a previously described highly mobile membrane mimetic membrane in combination with a conventional lipid bilayer model to generate a membrane-bound configuration of Tim1 in silico. This refined structure provided a significantly improved fit of experimental x-ray reflectivity data. Moreover, the coupling of the x-ray reflectivity analysis with both highly mobile membrane mimetic membranes and conventional lipid bilayer molecular dynamics simulations yielded a dynamic model of phosphatidylserine membrane recognition by Tim1 with atomic-level detail. In addition to providing, to our knowledge, new insights into the molecular mechanisms that distinguish the various Tim receptors, these results demonstrate that in silico membrane-binding simulations can remove the requirement that the existing crystal structure be in the membrane-bound conformation for effective x-ray reflectivity analysis. Consequently, this refined methodology has the potential for much broader applicability with respect to defining the atomistic details of membrane-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory T Tietjen
- Program in Biophysical Sciences, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Javier L Baylon
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Daniel Kerr
- Program in Biophysical Sciences, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Zhiliang Gong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - Mati Meron
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Binhua Lin
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mark L Schlossman
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Erin J Adams
- Program in Biophysical Sciences, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; College of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.
| | - Ka Yee C Lee
- Program in Biophysical Sciences, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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33
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Le Nours J, Shahine A, Gras S. Molecular features of lipid-based antigen presentation by group 1 CD1 molecules. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 84:48-57. [PMID: 29113870 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are now widely considered to play a variety of important roles in T-cell mediated immunity, including serving as antigens. Lipid-based antigens are presented by a specialised group of glycoproteins termed CD1. In humans, three classes of CD1 molecules exist: group 1 (CD1a, CD1b, CD1c), group 2 (CD1d), and group 3 (CD1e). While CD1d-mediated T-cell immunity has been extensively investigated, we have only recently gained insights into the structure and function of group 1 CD1 molecules. Structural studies have revealed how lipid-based antigens are presented by group 1 CD1 molecules, as well as shedding light on the molecular requirements for T-cell recognition. Here, we provide an overview of our current understanding of lipid presentation by group 1 CD1 molecules in humans and their recognition by T-cells, as well as examining the potential differences in lipid presentation that may occur across different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Le Nours
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Adam Shahine
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Stephanie Gras
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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Abstract
The human cluster of differentiation (CD)1 system for antigen display is comprised of four types of antigen-presenting molecules, each with a distinct functional niche: CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, and CD1d. Whereas CD1 proteins were thought solely to influence T-cell responses through display of amphipathic lipids, recent studies emphasize the role of direct contacts between the T-cell receptor and CD1 itself. Moving from molecules to diseases, new research approaches emphasize human CD1-transgenic mouse models and the study of human polyclonal T cells
in vivo or
ex vivo in disease states. Whereas the high genetic diversity of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded antigen-presenting molecules provides a major hurdle for designing antigens that activate T cells in all humans, the simple population genetics of the CD1 system offers the prospect of discovering or designing broadly acting immunomodulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara Suliman
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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35
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Four pathways of CD1 antigen presentation to T cells. Curr Opin Immunol 2017; 46:127-133. [PMID: 28756303 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CD1a, CD1b, CD1c and CD1d proteins migrate through distinct subcellular compartments of antigen presenting cells and so can be considered to take four separate pathways leading to display of lipid antigens to T cell receptors. This review discusses the intersection of CD1 trafficking and lipid antigen loading mechanisms in cells, highlighting key controversies relating to CD1 gene expression, size mismatches between antigens and CD1 binding clefts and unexpected mechanisms of T cell receptor-based recognition.
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36
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Vartabedian VF, Savage PB, Teyton L. The processing and presentation of lipids and glycolipids to the immune system. Immunol Rev 2017; 272:109-19. [PMID: 27319346 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The recognition of CD1-lipid complexes by T cells was discovered 20 years ago and has since been an emerging and expanding field of investigation. Unlike protein antigens, which are presented on MHC class I and II molecules, lipids can only be presented by CD1 molecules, a unique family of MHC-like proteins whose singularity is a hydrophobic antigen-binding groove. The processing and loading of lipid antigens inside this groove of CD1 molecules require localization to endosomal and lysosomal subcellular compartments and their acidic pHs. This particular environment provides the necessary glycolytic enzymes and lipases that process lipid and glycolipid antigens, as well as a set of lipid transfer proteins that load the final version of the antigen inside the groove of CD1. The overall sequence of events needed for efficient presentation of lipid antigens is now understood and presented in this review. However, a large number of important details have been elusive. This elusiveness is linked to the inherent technical difficulties of studying lipids and the lipid-protein interface in vitro and in vivo. Here, we will expose some of those limitations and describe new approaches to address them during the characterization of lipids and glycolipids antigen presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent F Vartabedian
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul B Savage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Luc Teyton
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Starick L, Riano F, Karunakaran MM, Kunzmann V, Li J, Kreiss M, Amslinger S, Scotet E, Olive D, De Libero G, Herrmann T. Butyrophilin 3A (BTN3A, CD277)-specific antibody 20.1 differentially activates Vγ9Vδ2 TCR clonotypes and interferes with phosphoantigen activation. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:982-992. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Starick
- Institute for Virology and Immunbiology; University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Felipe Riano
- Institute for Virology and Immunbiology; University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | | | - Volker Kunzmann
- Medical Clinic and Policlinic II; University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Jianqiang Li
- Institute for Virology and Immunbiology; University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Matthias Kreiss
- Institute for Virology and Immunbiology; University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Sabine Amslinger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; University of Regensburg; Regensburg Germany
| | - Emmanuel Scotet
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS; Université d'Angers; Université de Nantes; Nantes France
- Labex IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology”; Nantes France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Centre de recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille; Inserm U1068 / CNRS U7258; Aix Marseille Université
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes; Marseille France
| | | | - Thomas Herrmann
- Institute for Virology and Immunbiology; University of Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
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38
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Kaczmarek R, Pasciak M, Szymczak-Kulus K, Czerwinski M. CD1: A Singed Cat of the Three Antigen Presentation Systems. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2017; 65:201-214. [PMID: 28386696 PMCID: PMC5434122 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-017-0461-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Contrary to general view that the MHC Class I and II are the kapellmeisters of recognition and response to antigens, there is another big player in that part of immunity, represented by CD1 glycoproteins. In contrast to MHC Class I or II, which present peptides, CD1 molecules present lipids. Humans express five CD1 proteins (CD1a-e), four of which (CD1a-d) are trafficked to the cell surface, where they may display lipid antigens to T-cell receptors. This interaction may lead to both non-cognate and cognate T cell help to B cells, the latter eliciting anti-lipid antibody response. All CD1 proteins can bind a broad range of structurally different exogenous and endogenous lipids, but each shows a preference to one or more lipid classes. This unorthodox binding behavior is the result of elaborate architectures of CD1 binding clefts and distinct intracellular trafficking routes. Together, these features make CD1 system a versatile player in immune response, sitting at the crossroads of innate and adaptive immunity. While CD1 system may be involved in numerous infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases, its involvement may lead to opposite outcomes depending on different pathologies. Despite these ambiguities and complexity, CD1 system draws growing attention and continues to show glimmers of therapeutic potential. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about CD1 proteins, their structures, lipid-binding profiles, and roles in immunity, and evaluate the role of CD1 proteins in eliciting humoral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslaw Kaczmarek
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Immunochemistry, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mariola Pasciak
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szymczak-Kulus
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Immunochemistry, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Czerwinski
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Immunochemistry, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland. .,Faculty of Physiotherapy and Physical Education, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland.
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39
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CD1-Restricted T Cells at the Crossroad of Innate and Adaptive Immunity. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:2876275. [PMID: 28070524 PMCID: PMC5192300 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2876275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-specific T cells comprise a group of T cells that recognize lipids bound to the MHC class I-like CD1 molecules. There are four isoforms of CD1 that are expressed at the surface of antigen presenting cells and therefore capable of presenting lipid antigens: CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, and CD1d. Each one of these isoforms has distinct structural features and cellular localizations, which promotes binding to a broad range of different types of lipids. Lipid antigens originate from either self-tissues or foreign sources, such as bacteria, fungus, or plants and their recognition by CD1-restricted T cells has important implications in infection but also in cancer and autoimmunity. In this review, we describe the characteristics of CD1 molecules and CD1-restricted lipid-specific T cells, highlighting the innate-like and adaptive-like features of different CD1-restricted T cell subtypes.
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40
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T cell receptor recognition of CD1b presenting a mycobacterial glycolipid. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13257. [PMID: 27807341 PMCID: PMC5095289 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
CD1 proteins present microbial lipids to T cells. Germline-encoded mycolyl lipid-reactive (GEM) T cells with conserved αβ T cell receptors (TCRs) recognize CD1b presenting mycobacterial mycolates. As the molecular basis underpinning TCR recognition of CD1b remains unknown, here we determine the structure of a GEM TCR bound to CD1b presenting glucose-6-O-monomycolate (GMM). The GEM TCR docks centrally above CD1b, whereby the conserved TCR α-chain extensively contacts CD1b and GMM. Through mutagenesis and study of T cells from tuberculosis patients, we identify a consensus CD1b footprint of TCRs present among GEM T cells. Using both the TCR α- and β-chains as tweezers to surround and grip the glucose moiety of GMM, GEM TCRs create a highly specific mechanism for recognizing this mycobacterial glycolipid. Germline-encoded mycolyl lipid-reactive (GEM) T cells recognize CD1b proteins presenting mycobacterial mycolates via their T-cell receptors (TCRs). Here, the authors present the structure of this interaction and provide a molecular basis for the co-recognition of CD1b and a mycobacterial glycolipid.
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41
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Van Kaer L, Wu L, Joyce S. Mechanisms and Consequences of Antigen Presentation by CD1. Trends Immunol 2016; 37:738-754. [PMID: 27623113 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The CD1 proteins are a family of non-polymorphic and MHC class I-related molecules that present lipid antigens to subsets of T lymphocytes with innate- or adaptive-like immune functions. Recent studies have provided new insight into the identity of immunogenic CD1 antigens and the mechanisms that control the generation and loading of these antigens onto CD1 molecules. Furthermore, substantial progress has been made in identifying CD1-restricted T cells and decoding the diverse immunological functions of distinct CD1-restricted T cell subsets. These findings shed new light on the contributions of the CD1 antigen-presentation pathway to normal health and to a diverse array of pathologies, and provide a new impetus for exploiting this fascinating recognition system for the development of vaccines and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Lan Wu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sebastian Joyce
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
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42
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Huang S, Moody DB. Donor-unrestricted T cells in the human CD1 system. Immunogenetics 2016; 68:577-96. [PMID: 27502318 PMCID: PMC5915868 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-016-0942-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The CD1 and MHC systems are specialized for lipid and peptide display, respectively. Here, we review evidence showing how cellular CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, and CD1d proteins capture and display many cellular lipids to T cell receptors (TCRs). Increasing evidence shows that CD1-reactive T cells operate outside two classical immunogenetic concepts derived from the MHC paradigm. First, because CD1 proteins are non-polymorphic in human populations, T cell responses are not restricted to the donor's genetic background. Second, the simplified population genetics of CD1 antigen-presenting molecules can lead to simplified patterns of TCR usage. As contrasted with donor-restricted patterns of MHC-TCR interaction, the donor-unrestricted nature of CD1-TCR interactions raises the prospect that lipid agonists and antagonists of T cells could be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouxiong Huang
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - D Branch Moody
- Divison of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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43
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Zajonc DM. The CD1 family: serving lipid antigens to T cells since the Mesozoic era. Immunogenetics 2016; 68:561-76. [PMID: 27368414 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-016-0931-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Class I-like CD1 molecules are in a family of antigen-presenting molecules that bind lipids and lipopeptides, rather than peptides for immune surveillance by T cells. Since CD1 lacks the high degree of polymorphism found in their major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, different species express different numbers of CD1 isotypes, likely to be able to present structurally diverse classes of lipid antigens. In this review, we will present a historical overview of the structures of the different human CD1 isotypes and also discuss species-specific adaptations of the lipid-binding groove. We will discuss how single amino acid changes alter the shape and volume of the CD1 binding groove, how these minor changes can give rise to different numbers of binding pockets, and how these pockets affect the lipid repertoire that can be presented by any given CD1 protein. We will compare the structures of various lipid antigens and finally, we will discuss recognition of CD1-presented lipid antigens by antigen receptors on T cells (TCRs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk M Zajonc
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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44
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Anderson CK, Brossay L. The role of MHC class Ib-restricted T cells during infection. Immunogenetics 2016; 68:677-91. [PMID: 27368413 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-016-0932-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Even though major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ia and many Ib molecules have similarities in structure, MHC class Ib molecules tend to have more specialized functions, which include the presentation of non-peptidic antigens to non-classical T cells. Likewise, non-classical T cells also have unique characteristics, including an innate-like phenotype in naïve animals and rapid effector functions. In this review, we discuss the role of MAIT and NKT cells during infection but also the contribution of less studied MHC class Ib-restricted T cells such as Qa-1-, Qa-2-, and M3-restricted T cells. We focus on describing the types of antigens presented to non-classical T cells, their response and cytokine profile following infection, as well as the overall impact of these T cells to the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney K Anderson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Box G-B618, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Laurent Brossay
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Box G-B618, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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45
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Wen Q, Zhou C, Xiong W, Su J, He J, Zhang S, Du X, Liu S, Wang J, Ma L. MiR-381-3p Regulates the Antigen-Presenting Capability of Dendritic Cells and Represses Antituberculosis Cellular Immune Responses by Targeting CD1c. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:580-9. [PMID: 27296666 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is still the widest spread infectious disease in the world, and more in-depth studies are needed on the interaction between the pathogen and the host. Due to the highest lipid components in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the CD1 family that specifically presents antigenic lipids plays important roles in the antituberculosis immunity, especially CD1c, which functions as the intracellular Ag inspector at the full intracellular range. However, downregulation of the CD1c mRNA level has been observed in M. tuberculosis-infected cells, which is consistent with the regulatory mechanism of miRNA on gene expression. In this study, through combinatory analysis of previous miRNA transcriptomic assays and bioinformatic predictions by web-based algorithms, miR-381-3p was predicted to bind the 3'-untranslated region of CD1c gene. In vivo expression of miR-381-3p in dendritic cells (DCs) of TB patients is higher than in DCs of healthy individuals, inversely related to CD1c. Suppression of CD1c expression in bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-infected DCs was accompanied with upregulation of miR-381-3p, whereas inhibition of miR-381-3p could reverse suppression of CD1c expression and promote T cell responses against BCG infection. Further study indicated that miR-381-3p is also one of the mediators of the immune suppressor IL-10. Collectively, these results demonstrated the mechanism that suppression of CD1c by BCG infection is mediated by miR-381-3p. This finding may provide a novel approach to boost immune responses to M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wen
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; and
| | - Chaoying Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; and
| | - Wenjing Xiong
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; and
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jianchun He
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; and
| | - Shimeng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; and
| | - Xialin Du
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; and
| | - Sudong Liu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; and
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; and
| | - Li Ma
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; and
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46
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Abstract
CD1- and MHC-related molecule-1 (MR1)-restricted T lymphocytes recognize nonpeptidic antigens, such as lipids and small metabolites, and account for a major fraction of circulating and tissue-resident T cells. They represent a readily activated, long-lasting population of effector cells and contribute to the early phases of immune response, orchestrating the function of other cells. This review addresses the main aspects of their immunological functions, including antigen and T cell receptor repertoires, mechanisms of nonpeptidic antigen presentation, and the current evidence for their participation in human and experimental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mori
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and Basel University, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; , , .,Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, 138648 Singapore
| | - Marco Lepore
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and Basel University, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; , ,
| | - Gennaro De Libero
- Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital and Basel University, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; , , .,Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, 138648 Singapore
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47
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Mansour S, Tocheva AS, Cave-Ayland C, Machelett MM, Sander B, Lissin NM, Molloy PE, Baird MS, Stübs G, Schröder NWJ, Schumann RR, Rademann J, Postle AD, Jakobsen BK, Marshall BG, Gosain R, Elkington PT, Elliott T, Skylaris CK, Essex JW, Tews I, Gadola SD. Cholesteryl esters stabilize human CD1c conformations for recognition by self-reactive T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E1266-75. [PMID: 26884207 PMCID: PMC4780616 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1519246113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 1c (CD1c)-dependent self-reactive T cells are abundant in human blood, but self-antigens presented by CD1c to the T-cell receptors of these cells are poorly understood. Here we present a crystal structure of CD1c determined at 2.4 Å revealing an extended ligand binding potential of the antigen groove and a substantially different conformation compared with known CD1c structures. Computational simulations exploring different occupancy states of the groove reenacted these different CD1c conformations and suggested cholesteryl esters (CE) and acylated steryl glycosides (ASG) as new ligand classes for CD1c. Confirming this, we show that binding of CE and ASG to CD1c enables the binding of human CD1c self-reactive T-cell receptors. Hence, human CD1c adopts different conformations dependent on ligand occupancy of its groove, with CE and ASG stabilizing CD1c conformations that provide a footprint for binding of CD1c self-reactive T-cell receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Mansour
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom;
| | - Anna S Tocheva
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Cave-Ayland
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Moritz M Machelett
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom; Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Sander
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter E Molloy
- Immunocore Limited, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RY, United Kingdom
| | - Mark S Baird
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2DG, United Kingdom
| | - Gunthard Stübs
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicolas W J Schröder
- Institute for Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ralf R Schumann
- Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Charité University Medical Center, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Rademann
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anthony D Postle
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ben G Marshall
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Rajendra Gosain
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul T Elkington
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Elliott
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom; Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Chris-Kriton Skylaris
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom; School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan W Essex
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom; School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ivo Tews
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom; Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan D Gadola
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom; Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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48
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Smith DG, Williams SJ. Immune sensing of microbial glycolipids and related conjugates by T cells and the pattern recognition receptors MCL and Mincle. Carbohydr Res 2016; 420:32-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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49
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Roy S, Ly D, Castro CD, Li NS, Hawk AJ, Altman JD, Meredith SC, Piccirilli JA, Moody DB, Adams EJ. Molecular Analysis of Lipid-Reactive Vδ1 γδ T Cells Identified by CD1c Tetramers. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:1933-42. [PMID: 26755823 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CD1c is abundantly expressed on human dendritic cells (DC) and B cells, where it binds and displays lipid Ags to T cells. In this study, we report that CD1c tetramers carrying Mycobacterium tuberculosis phosphomycoketide bind γδ TCRs. An unbiased method of ligand-based TCR selection detects interactions only with Vδ1(+) TCRs, and mutational analyses demonstrate a role of the Vδ1 domain during recognition. These results strengthen evidence for a role of CD1c in the γδ T cell response, providing biophysical evidence for CD1c-γδ TCR interactions and a named foreign Ag. Surprisingly, TCRs also bind CD1c complexes formed with diverse lipids such as lysophosphatidylcholine, sulfatide, or mannosyl-phosophomycoketide, but not lipopeptide ligands. Dissection of TCR interactions with CD1c carrying foreign Ags, permissive ligands, and nonpermissive lipid ligands clarifies the molecular basis of the frequently observed but poorly understood phenomenon of mixed self- and foreign Ag reactivity in the CD1 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhan Roy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Dalam Ly
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Caitlin D Castro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Nan-Sheng Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Andrew J Hawk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - John D Altman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center at Yerkes, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329; and
| | - Stephen C Meredith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Joseph A Piccirilli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115;
| | - Erin J Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637;
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50
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Dellabona P, Consonni M, de Lalla C, Casorati G. Group 1 CD1-restricted T cells and the pathophysiological implications of self-lipid antigen recognition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 86:393-405. [PMID: 26514448 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
T cell responses are generally regarded as specific for protein-derived peptide antigens. This is based on the molecular paradigm dictated by the T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of peptide-major histocompatibility complexs, which provides the molecular bases of the specificity and restriction of the T cell responses. An increasing number of findings in the last 20 years have challenged this paradigm, by showing the existence of T cells specific for lipid antigens presented by CD1 molecules. CD1-restricted T cells have been proven to be frequent components of the immune system and to recognize exogenous lipids, derived from pathogenic bacteria, as well as cell-endogenous self-lipids. This represents a young and exciting area of research in immunology with intriguing biological bases and a potential direct impact on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dellabona
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - M Consonni
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - C de Lalla
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - G Casorati
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
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