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Wang Y, Lu D, Lv S, Liu X, Liu G. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes ameliorate diabetic kidney disease through NOD2 signaling pathway. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2381597. [PMID: 39039856 PMCID: PMC11268218 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2381597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common complications of diabetes. It is reported that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived exosomes (MSCs-Exo) may have great clinical application potential for the treatment of DKD, but the underlying mechanism has not been illustrated. To clarify the effect of MSC-Exo on NOD2 signaling pathway in podocytes under high glucose (HG) and DKD, we conduct this study. METHODS We co-cultured podocytes and MSCs-Exo under 30 mM HG and injected MSCs-Exo into DKD mice, then we detected the NOD2 signaling pathway by western blot, qRT-PCT, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS In vitro, HG lead to the apoptosis, increased the ROS level and activated the NOD2 signaling pathway in podocytes, while MSCs-Exo protected podocytes from injury reduced the expression of inflammatory factors including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-18 and alleviated the inflammatory response, inhibited the activation of NOD2 signaling pathway and the expression of it's downstream protein p-P65, p-RIP2, prevented apoptosis, increased cell viability in podocytes caused by HG. In vivo, MSCs-Exo alleviated renal injury in DKD mice, protected renal function, decreased urinary albumin excretion and inhibited the activation of NOD2 signaling pathway as well as the inflammation in renal tissue. CONCLUSION MSCs-Exo protected the podocytes and DKD mice from inflammation by mediating NOD2 pathway, MSCs-Exo may provide a new target for the treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Multidisciplinary Innovation Center for Nephrology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Donglin Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Multidisciplinary Innovation Center for Nephrology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shasha Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Multidisciplinary Innovation Center for Nephrology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangchun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Multidisciplinary Innovation Center for Nephrology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Multidisciplinary Innovation Center for Nephrology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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2
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Chiu TY, Lazar DC, Wang WW, Wozniak JM, Jadhav AM, Li W, Gazaniga N, Theofilopoulos AN, Teijaro JR, Parker CG. Chemoproteomic development of SLC15A4 inhibitors with anti-inflammatory activity. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:1000-1011. [PMID: 38191941 PMCID: PMC11228132 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
SLC15A4 is an endolysosome-resident transporter linked with autoinflammation and autoimmunity. Specifically, SLC15A4 is critical for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 7-9 as well as nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein (NOD) signaling in several immune cell subsets. Notably, SLC15A4 is essential for the development of systemic lupus erythematosus in murine models and is associated with autoimmune conditions in humans. Despite its therapeutic potential, the availability of quality chemical probes targeting SLC15A4 functions is limited. In this study, we used an integrated chemical proteomics approach to develop a suite of chemical tools, including first-in-class functional inhibitors, for SLC15A4. We demonstrate that these inhibitors suppress SLC15A4-mediated endolysosomal TLR and NOD functions in a variety of human and mouse immune cells; we provide evidence of their ability to suppress inflammation in vivo and in clinical settings; and we provide insights into their mechanism of action. Our findings establish SLC15A4 as a druggable target for the treatment of autoimmune and autoinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yuan Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel C Lazar
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wesley W Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jacob M Wozniak
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Appaso M Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Weichao Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nathalia Gazaniga
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - John R Teijaro
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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3
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Huang HJ, Liu Y, Wang X, Huang L, Li DW, Li HY, Yang WD. Polystyrene microplastics exacerbated the toxicity of okadaic acid to the small intestine in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 281:116628. [PMID: 38905936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and okadaic acid (OA) are known to coexist in marine organisms, potentially impacting humans through food chain. However, the combined toxicity of OA and MPs remains unknown. In this study, mice were orally administered OA at 200 μg/kg bw and MPs at 2 mg/kg bw. The co-exposure group showed a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content and significant decreases in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) level compared to the control, MPs and OA groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, the co-exposure group exhibited significantly higher levels of IL-1β and IL-18 compared to other groups (p < 0.05). These results demonstrated that co-exposure to MPs and OA induces oxidative stress and exacerbates inflammation. Histological and cellular ultrastructure analyses suggested that this combined exposure may enhance gut damage and compromise barrier integrity. Consequently, the concentration of OA in the small intestine of the co-exposure group was significantly higher than that in the OA group. Furthermore, MPs were observed in the lamina propria of the gut in the co-exposure group. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the co-exposure led to increased expression of certain genes related to the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway compared to the OA and MPs groups. Overall, this combined exposure may disrupt the intestinal barrier, and promote inflammation through the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. These findings provide precious information for the understanding of health risks associated with MPs and phycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jia Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Department of Pathology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hong-Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wei-Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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4
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Zhang D, Li M, Chen S, Du H, Zhong H, Wu J, Liu F, Zhang Q, Peng F, Liu X, Yeung KWK. Novel Palladium Hydride Surface Enabling Simultaneous Bacterial Killing and Osteogenic Formation through Proton Capturing and Activation of Antioxidant System in Immune Microenvironments. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2404485. [PMID: 38760003 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Achieving bacterial killing and osteogenic formation on an implant surface rarely occurs. In this study, a novel surface design-a palladium hydride (PdHx) film that enables these two distinct features to coexist is introduced. The PdHx lattice captures protons in the extracellular microenvironment of bacteria, disrupting their normal metabolic activities, such as ATP synthesis, nutrient co-transport, and oxidative stress. This disruption leads to significant bacterial death, as evidenced by RNA sequence analysis. Additionally, the unique enzymatic activity and hydrogen-loading properties of PdHx activate the human antioxidant system, resulting in the rapid clearance of reactive oxygen species. This process reshapes the osteogenic immune microenvironment, promoting accelerated osteogenesis. These findings reveal that the downregulation of the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway is critical for activating immune cells toward M2 phenotype polarization. This novel surface design provides new strategies for modifying implant coatings to simultaneously prevent bacterial infection, reduce inflammation, and enhance tissue regeneration, making it a noteworthy contribution to the field of advanced materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Mei Li
- Medical Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shuhan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huihui Du
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southerm Medical University, Guangzhou, 510009, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Feihong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Medical Research Institute, Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xuanyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Kelvin W K Yeung
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518053, China
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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5
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Zhou L, Yan Z, Yang S, Lu G, Nie Y, Ren Y, Xue Y, Shi JS, Xu ZH, Geng Y. High methionine intake alters gut microbiota and lipid profile and leads to liver steatosis in mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:8053-8069. [PMID: 38989659 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01613k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Methionine is an important sulfur-containing amino acid. Health effects of both methionine restriction (MR) and methionine supplementation (MS) have been studied. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a high-methionine diet (HMD) (1.64% methionine) on both the gut and liver functions in mice through multi-omic analyses. Hepatic steatosis and compromised gut barrier function were observed in mice fed the HMD. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of liver gene expression patterns revealed the upregulation of lipid synthesis and degradation pathways, cholesterol metabolism and inflammation-related nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor signaling pathway. Metagenomic sequencing of cecal content demonstrated a shift in gut microbial composition with an increased abundance of opportunistic pathogens and gut microbial functions with up-regulated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis in mice fed HMD. Metabolomic study of cecal content showed an altered gut lipid profile and the level of bioactive lipids, including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), linoleoyl ethanolamide (LEA) and arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA), that carry anti-inflammatory effects significantly reduced in the gut of mice fed the HMD. Correlation analysis demonstrated that gut microbiota was highly associated with liver and gut functions and gut bioactive lipid content. In conclusion, this study suggested that the HMD exerted negative impacts on both the gut and liver, and an adequate amount of methionine intake should be carefully determined to ensure normal physiological function without causing adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Songfan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Gexue Lu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Yawen Nie
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Yilin Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuzheng Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Innovation Center for Advanced Brewing Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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6
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Tang Y, Qu S, Ning Z, Wu H. Immunopeptides: immunomodulatory strategies and prospects for ocular immunity applications. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1406762. [PMID: 39076973 PMCID: PMC11284077 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1406762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunopeptides have low toxicity, low immunogenicity and targeting, and broad application prospects in drug delivery and assembly, which are diverse in application strategies and drug combinations. Immunopeptides are particularly important for regulating ocular immune homeostasis, as the eye is an immune-privileged organ. Immunopeptides have advantages in adaptive immunity and innate immunity, treating eye immune-related diseases by regulating T cells, B cells, immune checkpoints, and cytokines. This article summarizes the application strategies of immunopeptides in innate immunity and adaptive immunity, including autoimmunity, infection, vaccine strategies, and tumors. Furthermore, it focuses on the mechanisms of immunopeptides in mediating ocular immunity (autoimmune diseases, inflammatory storms, and tumors). Moreover, it reviews immunopeptides' application strategies and the therapeutic potential of immunopeptides in the eye. We expect the immune peptide to get attention in treating eye diseases and to provide a direction for eye disease immune peptide research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hong Wu
- Eye Center of Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Chen J, Qi D, Hu H, Wang X, Lin W. Unconventional posttranslational modification in innate immunity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:290. [PMID: 38970666 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play a crucial role in innate immunity, and a complex network tightly controls their signaling cascades to maintain immune homeostasis. Within the modification network, posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are at the core of signaling cascades. Conventional PTMs, which include phosphorylation and ubiquitination, have been extensively studied. The regulatory role of unconventional PTMs, involving unanchored ubiquitination, ISGylation, SUMOylation, NEDDylation, methylation, acetylation, palmitoylation, glycosylation, and myristylation, in the modulation of innate immune signaling pathways has been increasingly investigated. This comprehensive review delves into the emerging field of unconventional PTMs and highlights their pivotal role in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dejun Qi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haorui Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Wenlong Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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8
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Feng Q, Xu K, Shah M, Li S, Leavitt AD, Godley LA, De Smith AJ, Wiemels JL. Evaluation of the genetic basis of familial-associated early-onset hematologic cancers in an ancestral/ethnically diverse population. Haematologica 2024; 109:2085-2091. [PMID: 38205536 PMCID: PMC11215364 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2023.284224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic predisposition to hematologic malignancies has historically been addressed utilizing patients recruited from clinical trials and pedigrees constructed at major treatment centers. Such efforts leave unexplored the genetic basis of variations in risk by race/ethnic group shown in population-based surveillance data where cancer registration, compulsory by law, delivers universal enrollment. To address this, we performed exome sequencing on DNA isolated from newborn bloodspots derived from sibling pairs with early-onset cancers across California in which at least one of the siblings developed a hematologic cancer, using unbiased recruitment from the full state population. We identified pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/ LP) variants among 1,172 selected cancer genes that were private or present at low allele frequencies in reference populations. Within 64 subjects from 32 families, we found 9 LP variants shared between siblings, and an additional 7 such variants in singleton children (not shared with their sibling). In 8 of the shared cases, the ancestral origin of the local haplotype that carries P/LP variants matched the dominant global ancestry of study participant families. This was the case for Latino sibling pairs on FLG and CBLB, non-Latino White sibling pairs in TP53 and NOD2, and a shared GATA2 variant for a non-Latino Black sibling pair. A new inherited mutation in HABP2 was identified in a sibling pair, one with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and the other with neuroblastoma. Overall, the profile of P/LP germline variants across ancestral/ethnic groups suggests that rare alleles contributing to hematologic diseases originate within their race/ethnic origin parental populations, demonstrating the value of this discovery process in diverse, population-based registries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianxi Feng
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Keren Xu
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mancy Shah
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Shaobo Li
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Andrew D Leavitt
- Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Lucy A Godley
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Adam J De Smith
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Joseph L Wiemels
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
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9
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Li X, Yu T, Li X, He X, Zhang B, Yang Y. Role of novel protein acylation modifications in immunity and its related diseases. Immunology 2024. [PMID: 38866391 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The cross-regulation of immunity and metabolism is currently a research hotspot in life sciences and immunology. Metabolic immunology plays an important role in cutting-edge fields such as metabolic regulatory mechanisms in immune cell development and function, and metabolic targets and immune-related disease pathways. Protein post-translational modification (PTM) is a key epigenetic mechanism that regulates various biological processes and highlights metabolite functions. Currently, more than 400 PTM types have been identified to affect the functions of several proteins. Among these, metabolic PTMs, particularly various newly identified histone or non-histone acylation modifications, can effectively regulate various functions, processes and diseases of the immune system, as well as immune-related diseases. Thus, drugs aimed at targeted acylation modification can have substantial therapeutic potential in regulating immunity, indicating a new direction for further clinical translational research. This review summarises the characteristics and functions of seven novel lysine acylation modifications, including succinylation, S-palmitoylation, lactylation, crotonylation, 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, β-hydroxybutyrylation and malonylation, and their association with immunity, thereby providing valuable references for the diagnosis and treatment of immune disorders associated with new acylation modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangqin He
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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10
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Jeong IH, Yun JK, Jin JO, Hong JH, Lee JY, Lee GD, Lee PCW. E3 ligase SOCS3 regulates NOD2 expression by ubiquitin proteasome system in lung cancer progression. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:819-832. [PMID: 37910276 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00896-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths, it remains hard to discover effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Moreover, the five-year survival rate is relatively lower than other tumors. So urgent needs for finding a new theranostic target to treat lung cancer effectively. This study aims to present SOCS3 and NOD2 proteins as novel targets for diagnosis and therapy. METHODS We first confirmed SOCS3 expression level in patients' tissues. Then, we applied knockdown and overexpression of SOCS3 on lung cancer cell lines and performed proliferation, migration, and invasion assay. After that, we found NOD2 is a target of SOCS3 and introduced overexpression of NOD2 to A549 for verifying reduced tumorigenicity of lung cancer cells. RESULTS We identified protein expression level of SOCS3 was frequently higher in tumor tissues than adjacent normal tissues. Truly, overexpression of SOCS3 promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion capacity of lung cancer cells. We found that SOCS3 interacts with NOD2 and SOCS3 ubiquitinates NOD2 directly. Furthermore, lung cancer tissues with higher SOCS3 expression showed lower NOD2 expression. We confirmed overexpression of NOD2 leads to suppressed tumorigenicity of lung cancer cells, and these effects occurred through MAPK pathway. CONCLUSION Collectively, our work reveals novel roles of SOCS3 in lung tumorigenesis and proposes SOCS3 as a promising biomarker candidate for therapeutic and diagnostic target for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Ho Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Yun
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Department of Microbiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University, Seoul, 06591, Korea.
| | - Geun Dong Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
- Lung Cancer Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
| | - Peter Chang-Whan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
- Lung Cancer Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
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11
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Kong L, Cao Y, He Y, Zhang Y. Role and molecular mechanism of NOD2 in chronic non-communicable diseases. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:787-799. [PMID: 38740600 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2), located in the cell cytoplasm, is a pattern recognition receptor belonging to the innate immune receptor family. It mediates the innate immune response by identifying conserved sequences in bacterial peptide glycans and plays an essential role in maintaining immune system homeostasis. Gene mutations of NOD2 lead to the development of autoimmune diseases such as Crohn's disease and Blau syndrome. Recently, NOD2 has been shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of diabetes, cardiac-cerebral diseases, and cancers. However, the function of NOD2 in these non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) is not well summarized in reviews. Our report mainly discusses the primary function and molecular mechanism of NOD2 as well as its potential clinical significance in CNCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Weiqi Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Weiqi Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan He
- Gamma Knife Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Weiqi Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Bakry KA, Emeish WFA, Embark HM, Elkamel AA, Mohammed HH. Expression profiles of four Nile Tilapia innate immune genes during early stages of Aeromonas veronii infection. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2024; 36:164-180. [PMID: 38425180 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During Egypt's hot summer season, Aeromonas veronii infection causes catastrophic mortality on Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus farms. Egypt is ranked first in aquaculture production in Africa, sixth in aquaculture production worldwide, and third in global tilapia production. This study aimed to investigate, at the molecular level, the early innate immune responses of Nile Tilapia to experimental A. veronii infection. METHODS The relative gene expression, co-expression clustering, and correlation of four selected immune genes were studied by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in four organs (spleen, liver, gills, and intestine) for up to 72 h after a waterborne A. veronii challenge. The four genes studied were nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), natural killer-lysin (NKL), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). RESULT The four genes showed significant transcriptional upregulation in response to infection. At 72 h postchallenge, the highest NOD1 and IL-1β expression levels were recorded in the spleen, whereas the highest LBP and NKL expression levels were found in the gills. Pairwise distances of the data points and the hierarchical relationship showed that NOD1 clustered with IL-1β, whereas LBP clustered with NKL; both genes within each cluster showed a significant positive expression correlation. Tissue clustering indicated that the responses of only the gill and intestine exhibited a significant positive correlation. CONCLUSION The results suggest that NOD1, LBP, NKL, and IL-1β genes play pivotal roles in the early innate immune response of Nile Tilapia to A. veronii infection, and the postinfection expression profile trends of these genes imply tissue-/organ-specific responses and synchronized co-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima A Bakry
- Department of Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Walaa F A Emeish
- Department of Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Hamdy M Embark
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Ahmad A Elkamel
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Haitham H Mohammed
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Department of Rangeland, Wildlife and Fisheries Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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13
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Jiang L, Wang Z, Xu T, Zhang L. When pyro(ptosis) meets palm(itoylation). Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 77:30-38. [PMID: 38472042 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Pyroptosis, a programmed cell death process, is vital for the immune response against microbial infections and internal danger signals. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of protein palmitoylation, a modification that involves attaching palmitate to cysteine residues, in regulating key proteins involved in pyroptosis. Palmitoylation of cGAS at residue C474 by ZDHHC18 affects its enzymatic activity and DNA binding ability. Similarly, ZDHHC9 promotes cGAS activity through palmitoylation at residues C404/405. NLRP3 palmitoylation at residue C844, mediated by ZDHHC12, impacts its stability and interactions with other proteins, crucial for activating the NLRP3 inflammasome and triggering inflammation. However, the role of ZDHHC5 in NLRP3 palmitoylation remains uncertain due to conflicting findings. Palmitoylation at C88/91 is essential for STING activation and induction of type I interferons. It modulates the formation of multimeric complexes and downstream signaling pathways. GSDMD palmitoylation at C191 is necessary for pore formation and membrane translocation, while GSDME palmitoylation at C407/408 is associated with drug-induced pyroptosis. Moreover, palmitoylation of NOD1 and NOD2 influences their membrane recruitment and immune signaling pathways in response to bacterial peptidoglycans, acting as upstream regulators of pyroptosis. This review summarizes the important roles for palmitoylation in regulating the function of key pyroptosis-related proteins, shedding light on the intricate mechanisms governing immune responses and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Zirui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China
| | - Leiliang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China; Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250117, China.
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14
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Wang Y, Ma C, Hao X, Wang W, Luo H, Li M. Identification of Mycoplasma pneumoniae proteins interacting with NOD2 and their role in macrophage inflammatory response. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1391453. [PMID: 38863748 PMCID: PMC11165193 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1391453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae, Mp) is a cell wall-deficient microorganism known to cause chronic respiratory infections in both children and adults. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) is an intracellular pattern recognition receptor primarily responsible for identifying muramyl dipeptide (MDP) found in bacterial cell walls. Previous experiments have demonstrated that Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae induces macrophage autophagy through NOD2. In this study, we conducted RNA-seq analysis on macrophages infected with M. pneumoniae and observed an up-regulation in the expression of genes associated with the NOD2 signaling pathway. Mechanistic investigations further revealed the involvement of the NOD2 signaling pathway in the inflammatory response of macrophages activated by M. pneumoniae. We utilized GST pull-down technology in conjunction with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to pinpoint the M. pneumoniae proteins that interact with NOD2. Additionally, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and immunofluorescence co-localization techniques were used to confirm the interaction between DUF16 protein and NOD2. We found that DUF16 protein can enter macrophages and induce macrophage inflammatory response through the NOD2/RIP2/NF-κB pathway. Notably, the region spanning amino acids 13-90 was identified as a critical region necessary for DUF16-induced inflammation. This research not only broadens our comprehension of the recognition process of the intracellular receptor NOD2, but also deepens our understanding of the development of M. pneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyu Wang
- Life Science School, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chunji Ma
- Life Science School, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Polytechnic College, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiujing Hao
- Life Science School, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Weili Wang
- Life Science School, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Haixia Luo
- Life Science School, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Min Li
- Life Science School, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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15
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Dos Santos Silva P, Kra G, Butenko Y, Daddam JR, Levin Y, Zachut M. Maternal supplementation with n-3 fatty acids affects placental lipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, the endocannabinoid system, and the neonate cytokine concentrations in dairy cows. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:74. [PMID: 38769527 PMCID: PMC11106909 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The placenta plays a crucial role in supporting and influencing fetal development. We compared the effects of prepartum supplementation with omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid (FA) sources, flaxseed oil (FLX) and fish oil (FO), on the expression of genes and proteins related to lipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, and the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the expelled placenta, as well as on FA profile and inflammatory response of neonates. Late-pregnant Holstein dairy cows were supplemented with saturated fat (CTL), FLX, or FO. Placental cotyledons (n = 5) were collected immediately after expulsion, and extracted RNA and proteins were analyzed by RT-PCR and proteomic analysis. Neonatal blood was assessed for FA composition and concentrations of inflammatory markers. RESULTS FO increased the gene expression of fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), interleukin 10 (IL-10), catalase (CAT), cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1), and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CNR2) compared with CTL placenta. Gene expression of ECS-enzyme FA-amide hydrolase (FAAH) was lower in FLX and FO than in CTL. Proteomic analysis identified 3,974 proteins; of these, 51-59 were differentially abundant between treatments (P ≤ 0.05, |fold change| ≥ 1.5). Top canonical pathways enriched in FLX vs. CTL and in FO vs. CTL were triglyceride metabolism and inflammatory processes. Both n-3 FA increased the placental abundance of FA binding proteins (FABPs) 3 and 7. The abundance of CNR1 cannabinoid-receptor-interacting-protein-1 (CNRIP1) was reduced in FO vs. FLX. In silico modeling affirmed that bovine FABPs bind to endocannabinoids. The FLX increased the abundance of inflammatory CD44-antigen and secreted-phosphoprotein-1, whereas prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 was decreased in FO vs. CTL placenta. Maternal FO enriched neonatal plasma with n-3 FAs, and both FLX and FO reduced interleukin-6 concentrations compared with CTL. CONCLUSION Maternal n-3 FA from FLX and FO differentially affected the bovine placenta; both enhanced lipid metabolism and modulated oxidative stress, however, FO increased some transcriptional ECS components, possibly related to the increased FABPs. Maternal FO induced a unique balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory components in the placenta. Taken together, different sources of n-3 FA during late pregnancy enhanced placental immune and metabolic processes, which may affect the neonatal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Dos Santos Silva
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, ARO Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Gitit Kra
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, ARO Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- Department of Animal Science, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yana Butenko
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, ARO Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | | | - Yishai Levin
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maya Zachut
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, ARO Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
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16
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Kamboj A, Patil MT, Petrovsky N, Salunke DB. Structure-activity relationship in NOD2 agonistic muramyl dipeptides. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116439. [PMID: 38691886 PMCID: PMC11099613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) is a receptor of the innate immune system that is capable of perceiving bacterial and viral infections. Muramyl dipeptide (MDP, N-acetyl muramyl L-alanyl-d-isoglutamine), identified as the minimal immunologically active component of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan (PGN) is recognized by NOD2. In terms of biological activities, MDP demonstrated vaccine adjuvant activity and stimulated non-specific protection against bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections and cancer. However, MDP has certain drawbacks including pyrogenicity, rapid elimination, and lack of oral bioavailability. Several detailed structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies around MDP scaffolds are being carried out to identify better NOD2 ligands. The present review elaborates a comprehensive SAR summarizing structural aspects of MDP derivatives in relation to NOD2 agonistic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarzoo Kamboj
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Madhuri T Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Mehr Chand Mahajan DAV College for Women, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd, Warradale, Australia; Australian Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Institute, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia.
| | - Deepak B Salunke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India; National Interdisciplinary Centre of Vaccine, Immunotherapeutics and Antimicrobials, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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17
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Ding Y, Sun W, Han M, Liu Z, Kang H, Ma X, Wang J, Mu H, Huang Y, Hou S, Sun D, Shen X, Wu X, Liu R. NLRX1: a key regulator in mitochondrial respiration and colorectal cancer progression. Med Oncol 2024; 41:131. [PMID: 38683455 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent and aggressive malignancy with high mortality rates and significant risks to human well-being. Population-wide screening for tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes shows promise for reducing the incidence and fatality of CRC. Recent studies have suggested that NLRX1, an innate immunity suppressor, may play a role in regulating chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis. However, further investigation is needed to understand the specific role of NLRX1 in CRC. To evaluate the impact of NLRX1 on migration, invasion, and metastasis, two human colon cancer cell lines were studied in vitro. Additionally, a knockout mouse tumor-bearing model was used to validate the inhibitory effect of NLRX1 on tumor emergence and progression. The Seahorse XF96 technology was employed to assess mitochondrial function and glycolysis in colorectal cancer cells overexpressing NLRX1. Moreover, public databases were consulted to analyze gene and protein expression levels of NLRX1. Finally, the results were validated using a series of CRC patient samples. Our findings demonstrate that downregulation of NLRX1 enhances proliferation, colony formation, and tumor-forming capacity in HCT116 and LoVo cells. Conversely, overexpression of NLRX1 negatively impacts basal respiration and mitochondrial ATP-linked respiration in both cell lines, resulting in a notable decrease in maximal respiration during the standard mitochondrial stress test. Furthermore, analysis of data from the TCGA database reveals a significant reduction in NLRX1 expression in colon and rectal cancer tissues compared to normal tissues. This result was validated using clinical samples, where immunohistochemistry staining and western blotting demonstrated a notable reduction in NLRX1 protein levels in CRC compared to adjacent normal tissues. The decreased expression of NLRX1 may serve as a significant prognostic indicator and diagnostic biomarker for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Ding
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingwei Han
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huarui Kang
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohan Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongrui Mu
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuxiao Huang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shiyuan Hou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Danni Sun
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing Shen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingan Wu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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18
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Peng XY, Wang KL, Li L, Li B, Wu XY, Zhang ZW, Li N, Liu LH, Nie P, Chen SN. Transcription of NOD1 and NOD2 and their interaction with CARD9 and RIPK2 in IFN signaling in a perciform fish, the Chinese perch, Siniperca chuatsi. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1374368. [PMID: 38715616 PMCID: PMC11074466 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1374368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
NOD1 and NOD2 as two representative members of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family play important roles in antimicrobial immunity. However, transcription mechanism of nod1 and nod2 and their signal circle are less understood in teleost fish. In this study, with the cloning of card9 and ripk2 in Chinese perch, the interaction between NOD1, NOD2, and CARD9 and RIPK2 were revealed through coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays. The overexpression of NOD1, NOD2, RIPK2 and CARD9 induced significantly the promoter activity of NF-κB, IFNh and IFNc. Furthermore, it was found that nod1 and nod2 were induced by poly(I:C), type I IFNs, RLR and even NOD1/NOD2 themselves through the ISRE site of their proximal promoters. It is thus indicated that nod1 and nod2 can be classified also as ISGs due to the presence of ISRE in their proximal promoter, and their expression can be mechanistically controlled through PRR pathway as well as through IFN signaling in antiviral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Lun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang Yang Wu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi Wei Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lan Hao Liu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - P. Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shan Nan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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19
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Shaku MT, Um PK, Ocius KL, Apostolos AJ, Pires MM, Bishai WR, Kana BD. A modified BCG with depletion of enzymes associated with peptidoglycan amidation induces enhanced protection against tuberculosis in mice. eLife 2024; 13:e89157. [PMID: 38639995 PMCID: PMC11132681 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms by which Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) evades pathogen recognition receptor activation during infection may offer insights for the development of improved tuberculosis (TB) vaccines. Whilst Mtb elicits NOD-2 activation through host recognition of its peptidoglycan-derived muramyl dipeptide (MDP), it masks the endogenous NOD-1 ligand through amidation of glutamate at the second position in peptidoglycan side-chains. As the current BCG vaccine is derived from pathogenic mycobacteria, a similar situation prevails. To alleviate this masking ability and to potentially improve efficacy of the BCG vaccine, we used CRISPRi to inhibit expression of the essential enzyme pair, MurT-GatD, implicated in amidation of peptidoglycan side-chains. We demonstrate that depletion of these enzymes results in reduced growth, cell wall defects, increased susceptibility to antibiotics, altered spatial localization of new peptidoglycan and increased NOD-1 expression in macrophages. In cell culture experiments, training of a human monocyte cell line with this recombinant BCG yielded improved control of Mtb growth. In the murine model of TB infection, we demonstrate that depletion of MurT-GatD in BCG, which is expected to unmask the D-glutamate diaminopimelate (iE-DAP) NOD-1 ligand, yields superior prevention of TB disease compared to the standard BCG vaccine. In vitro and in vivo experiments in this study demonstrate the feasibility of gene regulation platforms such as CRISPRi to alter antigen presentation in BCG in a bespoke manner that tunes immunity towards more effective protection against TB disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moagi Tube Shaku
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, National Health Laboratory ServiceJohannesburgSouth Africa
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Peter K Um
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Karl L Ocius
- Department of Chemistry, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Alexis J Apostolos
- Department of Chemistry, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Marcos M Pires
- Department of Chemistry, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - William R Bishai
- Center for Tuberculosis Research, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Bavesh D Kana
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, National Health Laboratory ServiceJohannesburgSouth Africa
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20
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Zheng P, Li XY, Yang XY, Wang H, Ding L, He C, Wan JH, Ke HJ, Lu NH, Li NS, Zhu Y. Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals the molecular changes of acute pancreatitis in experimental models. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:2038-2058. [PMID: 38681131 PMCID: PMC11045495 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i14.2038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) encompasses a spectrum of pancreatic inflammatory conditions, ranging from mild inflammation to severe pancreatic necrosis and multisystem organ failure. Given the challenges associated with obtaining human pancreatic samples, research on AP predominantly relies on animal models. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the fundamental molecular mechanisms underlying AP using various AP models. AIM To investigate the shared molecular changes underlying the development of AP across varying severity levels. METHODS AP was induced in animal models through treatment with caerulein alone or in combination with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Additionally, using Ptf1α to drive the specific expression of the hM3 promoter in pancreatic acinar cells transgenic C57BL/6J- hM3/Ptf1α(cre) mice were administered Clozapine N-oxide to induce AP. Subsequently, we conducted RNA sequencing of pancreatic tissues and validated the expression of significantly different genes using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. RESULTS Caerulein-induced AP showed severe inflammation and edema, which were exacerbated when combined with LPS and accompanied by partial pancreatic tissue necrosis. Compared with the control group, RNA sequencing analysis revealed 880 significantly differentially expressed genes in the caerulein model and 885 in the caerulein combined with the LPS model. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis indicated substantial enrichment of the TLR and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, TLR signaling pathway, and NF-κB signaling pathway, alongside elevated levels of apoptosis-related pathways, such as apoptosis, P53 pathway, and phagosome pathway. The significantly elevated genes in the TLR and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways, as well as in the apoptosis pathway, were validated through quantitative real-time PCR experiments in animal models. Validation from the GEO database revealed that only MYD88 concurred in both mouse pancreatic tissue and human AP peripheral blood, while TLR1, TLR7, RIPK3, and OAS2 genes exhibited marked elevation in human AP. The genes TUBA1A and GADD45A played significant roles in apoptosis within human AP. The transgenic mouse model hM3/Ptf1α(cre) successfully validated significant differential genes in the TLR and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways as well as the apoptosis pathway, indicating that these pathways represent shared pathological processes in AP across different models. CONCLUSION The TLR and NOD receptor signaling pathways play crucial roles in the inflammatory progression of AP, notably the MYD88 gene. Apoptosis holds a central position in the necrotic processes of AP, with TUBA1A and GADD45A genes exhibiting prominence in human AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xue-Yang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ling Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Cong He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hua-Jing Ke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Nong-Hua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Nian-Shuang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Digestive Disease Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
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21
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Kayali S, Fantasia S, Gaiani F, Cavallaro LG, de'Angelis GL, Laghi L. NOD2 and Crohn's Disease Clinical Practice: From Epidemiology to Diagnosis and Therapy, Rewired. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024:izae075. [PMID: 38582044 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izae075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with a multifactorial pathogenesis involving environmental and genetic factors. Since the late 20th century, the discovery of the first susceptibility gene (NOD2, previously referred to as CARD15) for CD has paved the way for further investigations into the correlations between clinical features and genetics, and its potential impact on clinical practice has fueled the research in the last 2 decades. Recent therapeutic advancements involving novel biologic drugs and small molecules have shifted inflammatory bowel disease management from a disease-centered to a patient-centric approach. To date, the role of NOD2 has not been fully understood yet. Recent data suggest that its clinical impact may be greater than currently recognized. This review overviews the most common NOD2 variants' role in real-life clinical practice. These genetic variants increase the risk of developing the disease and can aid in tailoring diagnosis and treatment. They are associated with the stricturing phenotype and ileal involvement and increase the risk of steroid refractoriness. In the meantime, limited and inconclusive evidence exists regarding their predictive role in response to azathioprine, biologic drugs, and small molecules. Eventually, their role in increasing the risk for surgery is evident, especially in those with the L1007fs variant. If further trials will support the initial evidence reported so far, NOD2 genetic variants will emerge as possible candidates for developing precision medicine in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Kayali
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Fantasia
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Federica Gaiani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Luigi Laghi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Rozzano, Italy
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22
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Settem RP, Ruscitto A, Chinthamani S, Honma K, Sharma A. Tannerella forsythia scavenges Fusobacterium nucleatum secreted NOD2 stimulatory molecules to dampen oral epithelial cell inflammatory response. Mol Oral Microbiol 2024; 39:40-46. [PMID: 37459655 PMCID: PMC10792118 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The oral organism Tannerella forsythia is auxotrophic for peptidoglycan amino sugar N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc). It survives in the oral cavity by scavenging MurNAc- and MurNAc-linked peptidoglycan fragments (muropeptides) secreted by co-habiting bacteria such as Fusobacterium nucleatum with which it forms synergistic biofilms. Muropeptides, MurNAc-l-Ala-d-isoGln (MDP, muramyl dipeptide) and d-γ-glutamyl-meso-DAP (iE-DAP dipeptide), are strong immunostimulatory molecules that activate nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like innate immune receptors and induce the expression of inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides. In this study, we utilized an in vitro T. forsythia-F. nucleatum co-culture model to determine if T. forsythia can selectively scavenge NOD ligands from the environment and impact NOD-mediated inflammation. The results showed that NOD-stimulatory molecules were secreted by F. nucleatum in the spent culture broth, which subsequently induced cytokine and antimicrobial peptide expression in oral epithelial cells. In the spent broth from T. forsythia-F. nucleatum co-cultures, the NOD-stimulatory activity was significantly reduced. These data indicated that F. nucleatum releases NOD2-stimulatory muropeptides in the environment, and T. forsythia can effectively scavenge the muropeptides released by co-habiting bacteria to dampen NOD-mediated host responses. This proof-of-principle study demonstrated that peptidoglycan scavenging by T. forsythia can impact the innate immunity of oral epithelium by dampening NOD activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kiyonobu Honma
- Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ashu Sharma
- Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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23
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Bo T, Wang C, Yao D, Jiang Q, Zhao Y, Wang F, He W, Xu W, Zhou H, Li M, Zhang S, Xue R. Efficient gene delivery by multifunctional star poly (β-amino ester)s into difficult-to-transfect macrophages for M1 polarization. J Control Release 2024; 368:157-169. [PMID: 38367861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Gene delivery to macrophages holds great promise for cancer immunotherapy. However, traditional gene delivery methods exhibit low transfection efficiency in macrophages. The star-shaped topological structure of polymers is known to encapsulate genes inside their cores, thereby facilitating sustained release of the genetic material. Herein, combining the structural advantages of star polymers and the transfection advantages of poly (β-amino ester)s (PAEs), we developed a novel linear oligomer grafting-onto strategy to synthesize a library of multi-terminal star structured PAEs (SPAEs), and evaluated their gene delivery efficiency in various tissue cells. The transfection with human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2, HCC-LM3 cells and MHCC-97H cells), rat normal liver cells (BRL-3 A cells), human ovarian cancer cells (A2780 cells), African green monkey kidney cells (Vero cells), human cervical cancer cells (HeLa cells), human chondrosarcoma cells (SW1353 cells), and difficult-to-transfect human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and normal human fibroblast cells (NHF cells) showed that SPAEs exhibited superior transfection profile. The GFP transfection efficiency of top-performing SPAEs in HeLa cells (96.1%) was 2.1-fold, and 3.2-fold higher compared to jetPEI and Lipo3000, respectively, indicating that the star-shaped topological structure can significantly enhance the transfection efficiency of PAEs. More importantly, the top-performing SPAEs could efficiently deliver Nod2 DNA to difficult-to-transfect RAW264.7 macrophages, with a high transfection efficiency of 33.9%, which could promote macrophage M1 polarization and enhanced CD8+ T cell response in co-incubation experiments. This work advances gene therapy by targeting difficult-to-transfect macrophages and remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Bo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chenfei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China.
| | - Dingjin Yao
- Shanghai EditorGene Technology Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Qiuyu Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yitong Zhao
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232000, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Wei He
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232000, China
| | - Weiyi Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China.
| | - Si Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Ruyi Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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24
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Lin X, Yang Y, Huang Y, Li E, Zhuang X, Zhang Z, Xu R, Yu X, Deng F. Mettl3‑mediated m 6A RNA methylation regulates osteolysis induced by titanium particles. Mol Med Rep 2024; 29:36. [PMID: 38214327 PMCID: PMC10823336 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Peri‑prosthetic osteolysis (PPO) induced by wear particles is considered the primary cause of titanium prosthesis failure and revision surgery. The specific molecular mechanisms involve titanium particles inducing multiple intracellular pathways, which impact disease prevention and the targeted therapy of PPO. Notably, N6‑methyladenosine (m6A) serves critical roles in epigenetic regulation, particularly in bone metabolism and inflammatory responses. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the role of RNA methylation in titanium particle‑induced osteolysis. Results of reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR (RT‑qPCR), western blotting, ELISA and RNA dot blot assays revealed that titanium particles induced osteogenic inhibition and proinflammatory responses, accompanied by the reduced expression of methyltransferase‑like (Mettl) 3, a key component of m6A methyltransferase. Specific lentiviruses vectors were employed for Mettl3 knockdown and overexpression experiments. RT‑qPCR, western blotting and ELISA revealed that the knockdown of Mettl3 induced osteogenic inhibition and proinflammatory responses comparable with that induced by titanium particle, while Mettl3 overexpression attenuated titanium particle‑induced cellular reactions. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation‑qPCR results revealed that titanium particles mediated the methylation of two inhibitory molecules, namely Smad7 and SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1, via Mettl3 in bone morphogenetic protein signaling, leading to osteogenic inhibition. Furthermore, titanium particles induced activation of the nucleotide binding oligomerization domain 1 signaling pathway through methylation regulation, and the subsequent activation of the MAPK and NF‑κB pathways. Collectively, the results of the present study indicated that titanium particles utilized Mettl3 as an upstream regulatory molecule to induce osteogenic inhibition and inflammatory responses. Thus, the present study may provide novel insights into potential therapeutic targets for aseptic loosening in titanium prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Lin
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Yaohong Huang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - E Li
- Department of Stomatology, Zhuhai Center for Maternal and Child Healthcare, Zhuhai Women and Children's Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Xiumei Zhuang
- Department of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Zhengchuan Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Ruogu Xu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Yu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Feilong Deng
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
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25
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Mao D, Inoue H, Goda S. Role of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 pathway in the development of periodontitis. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:105-111. [PMID: 38182046 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During innate immune defense, host pattern recognition receptors, including toll-like receptors and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs), can activate downstream pathways by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns produced by microorganisms, triggering immune responses. NOD1, an important cell membrane protein in the NLR-like receptor protein family, exerts anti-infective effects through γ-D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP) recognition. Oral epithelial cells resist bacterial invasion through iE-DAP-induced interleukin (IL)-8 production, recruiting neutrophils to sites of inflammation in response to bacterial threats to periodontal tissues. To date, the regulatory mechanisms of iE-DAP in gingival epithelial cells (GECs) are poorly understood. This study was conducted to investigate the role of the NOD1 pathway in the development of periodontitis by examining the effect of iE-DAP on IL-8 production in Ca9-22 cells. METHODS IL-8 production by iE-DAP-stimulated-Ca9-22 cells was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Phosphorylation levels of intracellular signaling molecules were evaluated using western blot analyses. RESULTS iE-DAP induced NOD1 receptor expression in Ca9-22 cells. Additionally, iE-DAP induced expression of pro-IL-1β protein without extracellular secretion. Our results suggest that iE-DAP regulates IL-8 production by activating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. iE-DAP also promoted nuclear factor kappa-B p65 phosphorylation, facilitating its nuclear translocation. Notably, p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 inhibitors suppressed iE-DAP-stimulated IL-8 production, suggesting that JNK is not involved in this mechanism. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that p38 MAPK and ERK1/2, but not JNK, are involved in innate immune responses in GECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Mao
- Graduate School of Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Inoue
- Department of Physiology, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Seiji Goda
- Department of Physiology, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan.
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Raghuraman P, Ramireddy S, Raman G, Park S, Sudandiradoss C. Understanding a point mutation signature D54K in the caspase activation recruitment domain of NOD1 capitulating concerted immunity via atomistic simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38415678 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2322618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Point mutation D54K in the human N-terminal caspase recruitment domain (CARD) of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain -1 (NOD1) abrogates an imperative downstream interaction with receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK2) that entails combating bacterial infections and inflammatory dysfunction. Here, we addressed the molecular details concerning conformational changes and interaction patterns (monomeric-dimeric states) of D54K by signature-based molecular dynamics simulation. Initially, the sequence analysis prioritized D54K as a pathogenic mutation, among other variants, based on a sequence signature. Since the mutation is highly conserved, we derived the distant ortholog to predict the sequence and structural similarity between native and mutant. This analysis showed the utility of 33 communal core residues associated with structural-functional preservation and variations, concurrently served to infer the cryptic hotspots Cys39, Glu53, Asp54, Glu56, Ile57, Leu74, and Lys78 determining the inter helical fold forming homodimers for putative receptor interaction. Subsequently, the atomistic simulations with free energy (MM/PB(GB)SA) calculations predicted structural alteration that takes place in the N-terminal mutant CARD where coils changed to helices (45 α3- L4-α4-L6- α683) in contrast to native (45T2-L4-α4-L6-T483). Likewise, the C-terminal helices 93T1-α7105 connected to the loops distorted compared to native 93α6-L7105 may result in conformational misfolding that promotes functional regulation and activation. These structural perturbations of D54K possibly destabilize the flexible adaptation of critical homotypic NOD1CARD-CARDRIPK2 interactions (α4Asp42-Arg488α5 and α6Phe86-Lys471α4) is consistent with earlier experimental reports. Altogether, our findings unveil the conformational plasticity of mutation-dependent immunomodulatory response and may aid in functional validation exploring clinical investigation on CARD-regulated immunotherapies to prevent systemic infection and inflammation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Raghuraman
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sriroopreddy Ramireddy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Health Sciences, The Apollo University, Chittoor, India
| | - Gurusamy Raman
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - SeonJoo Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - C Sudandiradoss
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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27
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Wu W, Fan H, Cen J, Huang P, Li G, Tan Y, Liu G, Hong B. Novel diagnostic biomarkers related to necroptosis and immune infiltration landscape in acute myocardial infarction. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17044. [PMID: 38426147 PMCID: PMC10903340 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) can occur suddenly, which may induce deadly outcomes, and the population suffering from AMI presents a younger trend. Necroptosis, the new cell necrosis type, is associated with the pathogenic mechanisms of diverse cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Its diagnostic value and molecular mechanisms in AMI are still unclear. Objective: This study focused on determining key necroptosis-related genes as well as immune infiltration in AMI. Methods We first examined the GSE66360 dataset for identifying necroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (NRDEGs). Thereafter, GO and functional annotation were performed, then a PPI network was built. In addition, "CIBERSORT" in R was applied in comparing different immune infiltration degrees in AMI compared with control groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to evaluate whether hub NRDEGs could be used in AMI diagnosis. Associations of immune cells with candidate NRDEGs biomarkers were examined by Spearman analysis. Finally, hub NRDEGs were validated by cell qPCR assays and another two datasets. Results A total of 15 NRDEGs were identified and multiple enrichment terms associated with necroptosis were discovered through GO and KEGG analysis. Upon module analysis, 10 hub NRDEGs were filtered out, and the top six hub NRDEGs were identified after ROC analysis. These top six NRDEGs might have a certain effect on modulating immune infiltrating cells, especially for mast cells activated, NK cells activated and neutrophils. Finally, two AMI datasets and qPCR assay came to identical findings. Conclusion Our results offer the reliable molecular biomarkers and new perspectives for necroptosis in AMI, which lay a certain foundation for developing novel anti-AMI therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfa Wu
- General Practice, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxing Fan
- Neurology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junlin Cen
- General Practice, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Huang
- General Practice, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guidong Li
- General Practice, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Tan
- Neurology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gen Liu
- General Practice, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoshan Hong
- General Practice, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang J, Luo Y, Wu B, Huang X, Zhao M, Wu N, Miao J, Li J, Zhu L, Wu D, Shen M. Identifying functional dysregulation of NOD2 variant Q902K in patients with Yao syndrome. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:58. [PMID: 38395960 PMCID: PMC10885518 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03286-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The study investigated the pathogenesis of Yao syndrome (YAOS), a rare systemic autoinflammatory disease associated with the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2) gene variants. METHODS RNA sequencing analyses were used to detect transcriptomic profile changes. Immunoblot and immunohistochemistry were used to examine the NOD2-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways and ELISA was used to detect cytokines. RESULTS Transcriptome analysis of YAOS revealed NOD-like receptor signaling pathway enrichment. Compared with HCs, P-RIP2, p-p65, p-p38, p-ERK, and p-JNK notably increased in PBMCs of a patient with YAOS. P-RIP2, p-p65, and p-p38 elevated in small intestinal mucosa tissues. P-p65 and p-p38 in synovial tissues from YAOS were higher than those in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Serum interleukin (IL)-6 level along with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6 secreted from PBMCs were markedly higher in patients with YAOS in comparison to healthy controls (HCs). The supernatants of synovial cells from a patient with YAOS showed substantially higher IL-1β and IL-6 levels than those of RA and OA. Canakinumab therapy of a Q902K heterozygous patient with YAOS resulted in notable clinical improvement. CONCLUSION Overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the hyperactivation of NOD2-mediated signaling pathways were found in the NOD2 variant Q902K patient with YAOS. NOD2-RIP2-MAPK pathway might play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of YAOS. These results provide new perspectives for targeted therapies in YAOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, PUMCH; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, PUMCH; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology; Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, PUMCH; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, PUMCH; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology; Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Bingxuan Wu
- Department of Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, PUMCH; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, PUMCH; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology; Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, PUMCH; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, PUMCH; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology; Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Mengzhu Zhao
- Department of Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, PUMCH; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, PUMCH; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology; Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, PUMCH; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, PUMCH; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology; Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Junke Miao
- Department of Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, PUMCH; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, PUMCH; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology; Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology; State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases; Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Min Shen
- Department of Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College; State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, PUMCH; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, PUMCH; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology; Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Huang H, He X, Shi L, Yu J, Lu Z, Cao H, Ou J, Chen X, Yan L, Yang J, Zhao W, Liu J, Yu L. Tanreqing injection inhibits dengue virus encephalitis by suppressing the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Chin Med 2024; 19:24. [PMID: 38355571 PMCID: PMC10868054 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00893-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Encephalitis caused by dengue virus (DENV) is considered a manifestation of severe dengue. Tanreqing injection (TRQ) is a well-known Chinese patented medicine, which has been used to treat brain-related disorders by inhibiting inflammation. Nevertheless, the effects of TRQ on DENV encephalitis have not been studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of TRQ on DENV encephalitis and to explore its potential mechanisms. METHODS The cytotoxicity of TRQ was examined by MTT assay, and the anti-DENV activities of TRQ in BHK-21 baby hamster kidney fibroblast were evaluated through CCK-8 and plaque assays. The expression levels of NO, IL1B/IL-1β, TNFα and IL6 were measured by qRT‒PCR and ELISA in the BV2 murine microglial cell line. The inhibitory effects of TRQ on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in BV2 cells were examined by Western blotting, qRT‒PCR and ELISA. The effects of TRQ on HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells were examined by CCK-8 assay, morphology observation and flow cytometry. Moreover, a DENV-infected ICR suckling mouse model was developed to investigate the protective role of TRQ in vivo. RESULTS TRQ decreased the release of NO, IL6, TNFα and IL1B from BV2 cells and inhibited the activation of NLRP3. The presence of the NLRP3 agonist nigericin reversed the anti-inflammatory activities of TRQ. Furthermore, TRQ inhibited the death of HT22 cells by decreasing IL1B in DENV-infected BV2 cells. In addition, TRQ significantly attenuated weight loss, reduced clinical scores and extended the survival in DENV-infected ICR suckling mice. Critically, TRQ ameliorated pathological changes in ICR suckling mice brain by inhibiting microglia and NLRP3 activation and decreasing the production of inflammatory factors and the number of dead neurons. CONCLUSION TRQ exerts potent inhibitory effects on dengue encephalitis in vitro and in vivo by reducing DENV-2-induced microglial activation and subsequently decreasing the inflammatory response, thereby protecting neurons. These findings demonstrate the potential of TRQ in the treatment of dengue encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hefei Huang
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei He
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzhu Shi
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtao Yu
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Zibin Lu
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Cao
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinying Ou
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Yan
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiabin Yang
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Junshan Liu
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Linzhong Yu
- Third Level Research Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Almalki WH. Unraveling the role of Xist RNA in cardiovascular pathogenesis. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:154944. [PMID: 38006839 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular pathways behind cardiovascular illnesses is crucial due to the enormous worldwide health burden they impose. New insights into the role played by Xist (X-inactive specific transcript) RNA in the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases have emerged from recent studies. Since its discovery, Xist RNA has been known for its role in X chromosome inactivation during embryogenesis; however, new data suggest that its function extends well beyond the control of sex chromosomes. The regulatory roles of Xist RNA are extensive, encompassing epigenetic changes, gene expression, cellular identity, and sex chromosomal inactivation. There is potential for the involvement of this complex regulatory web in a wide range of illnesses, including cardiovascular problems. Atherosclerosis, hypertrophy, and cardiac fibrosis are all conditions linked to dysregulation of Xist RNA expression. Alterations in DNA methylation and histones are two examples of epigenetic changes that Xist RNA orchestrates, leading to modifications in gene expression patterns in different cardiovascular cells. Additionally, Xist RNA has been shown to contribute to the development of cardiovascular illnesses by modulating endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress responses. New treatment approaches may become feasible with a thorough understanding of the complex function of Xist RNA in cardiovascular diseases. By focusing on Xist RNA and the regulatory network with which it interacts, we may be able to slow the progression of atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis, thereby opening novel therapeutic options for cardiovascular diseases amenable to precision medicine. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge concerning the impact of Xist RNA in cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
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31
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Greenblatt CL, Lathe R. Vaccines and Dementia: Part I. Non-Specific Immune Boosting with BCG: History, Ligands, and Receptors. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:343-360. [PMID: 38393912 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Vaccines such as Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) can apparently defer dementia onset with an efficacy better than all drugs known to date, as initially reported by Gofrit et al. (PLoS One14, e0224433), now confirmed by other studies. Understanding how and why is of immense importance because it could represent a sea-change in how we manage patients with mild cognitive impairment through to dementia. Given that infection and/or inflammation are likely to contribute to the development of dementias such as Alzheimer's disease (Part II of this work), we provide a historical and molecular background to how vaccines, adjuvants, and their component molecules can elicit broad-spectrum protective effects against diverse agents. We review early studies in which poxvirus, herpes virus, and tuberculosis (TB) infections afford cross-protection against unrelated pathogens, a concept known as 'trained immunity'. We then focus on the attenuated TB vaccine, BCG, that was introduced to protect against the causative agent of TB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We trace the development of BCG in the 1920 s through to the discovery, by Freund and McDermott in the 1940 s, that extracts of mycobacteria can themselves exert potent immunostimulating (adjuvant) activity; Freund's complete adjuvant based on mycobacteria remains the most potent immunopotentiator reported to date. We then discuss whether the beneficial effects of BCG require long-term persistence of live bacteria, before focusing on the specific mycobacterial molecules, notably muramyl dipeptides, that mediate immunopotentiation, as well as the receptors involved. Part II addresses evidence that immunopotentiation by BCG and other vaccines can protect against dementia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L Greenblatt
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Richard Lathe
- Division of Infection Medicine, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
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32
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Liuu S, Nepelska M, Pfister H, Gamelas Magalhaes J, Chevalier G, Strozzi F, Billerey C, Maresca M, Nicoletti C, Di Pasquale E, Pechard C, Bardouillet L, Girardin SE, Boneca IG, Doré J, Blottière HM, Bonny C, Chene L, Cultrone A. Identification of a muropeptide precursor transporter from gut microbiota and its role in preventing intestinal inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2306863120. [PMID: 38127978 PMCID: PMC10756304 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306863120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a considerable source of biologically active compounds that can promote intestinal homeostasis and improve immune responses. Here, we used large expression libraries of cloned metagenomic DNA to identify compounds able to sustain an anti-inflammatory reaction on host cells. Starting with a screen for NF-κB activation, we have identified overlapping clones harbouring a heterodimeric ATP-binding cassette (ABC)-transporter from a Firmicutes. Extensive purification of the clone's supernatant demonstrates that the ABC-transporter allows for the efficient extracellular accumulation of three muropeptide precursor, with anti-inflammatory properties. They induce IL-10 secretion from human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and proved effective in reducing AIEC LF82 epithelial damage and IL-8 secretion in human intestinal resections. In addition, treatment with supernatants containing the muropeptide precursor reduces body weight loss and improves histological parameters in Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-treated mice. Until now, the source of peptidoglycan fragments was shown to come from the natural turnover of the peptidoglycan layer by endogenous peptidoglycan hydrolases. This is a report showing an ABC-transporter as a natural source of secreted muropeptide precursor and as an indirect player in epithelial barrier strengthening. The mechanism described here might represent an important component of the host immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Malgorzata Nepelska
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Food Microbial Ecology lab (Micalis), Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas78350, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marc Maresca
- CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (iSm2) UMR7313, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille13013, France
| | - Cendrine Nicoletti
- CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (iSm2) UMR7313, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille13013, France
| | - Eric Di Pasquale
- Institut de NeuroPhysioPathologie (INP), Aix Marseille Université, UMR 7051, Marseille13005, France
| | | | | | - Stephen E. Girardin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ivo Gomperts Boneca
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS Unité Mixe de Recherche 6047, INSERM U1306, Unité de Biologie et génétique de la paroi bactérienne, Paris75015, France
| | - Joel Doré
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Food Microbial Ecology lab (Micalis), Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas78350, France
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), MetaGenoPolis, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas78350, France
| | - Hervé M. Blottière
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Food Microbial Ecology lab (Micalis), Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas78350, France
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), MetaGenoPolis, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas78350, France
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Dixon CL, Martin NR, Niphakis MJ, Cravatt BF, Fairn GD. Attenuating ABHD17 enhances S- palmitoylation, membrane localization and signal transduction of NOD2 and Crohn's disease-associated variants. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.20.572362. [PMID: 38187608 PMCID: PMC10769251 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.20.572362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
NOD2 is an intracellular innate immune receptor that senses bacterial peptidoglycans. Although soluble in the cytosol, a portion of the protein is associated with the plasma membrane and endosomal compartments for microbial surveillance. Palmitoylation of NOD2 by zDHHC5 promotes its membrane recruitment to drive proinflammatory and antimicrobial responses to pathogenic invasion. A depalmitoylation step by an unknown protein, thioesterase, releases NOD2 from membranes into the cytosol, where the protein can then enter a new cycle of palmitoylation-depalmitoylation. Here, we identify α/β -hydrolase domain-containing protein 17 isoforms (ABHD17A, 17B, 17C) as the thioesterases responsible for depalmitoylation of NOD2. Inhibiting ABHD17 increased the plasmalemmal localization of both wild-type NOD2 and a subset of hypo-palmitoylated Crohn's disease-associated variants, resulting in increased NF-κB activation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in epithelial cells. These results suggest that targeted inhibition of ABHD17 may rescue some Crohn's disease-associated NOD2 variants.
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34
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Tan J, Ge J, Sahaer P, Li H, Sun H. Identification and functional analysis of circRIPK2 in lipopolysaccharide induced chicken macrophages. Br Poult Sci 2023; 64:678-687. [PMID: 37735991 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2023.2261870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
1. It was hypothesised that a circular RIPK2 (circRIPK2) highly expressed in chicken macrophages plays an important role during bacterial infection.2. After PCR amplification, Sanger sequencing and RNase R exonuclease treatment of chicken macrophages, it was found that circRIPK2 was a stable circular RNA, which was formed by reverse splicing of exons 4 to 9 of the RIPK2.3. The circRIPK2 can promote the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced cellular injury by reducing cell viability and increasing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis genes.4. Six miRNAs were identified as interacting with circRIPK2, potentially targeting 1,817 genes, which were significantly enriched in the Wnt signalling pathway, adherens junction and NOD-like receptor signalling pathway.5. This study provides better understanding of the function of circRIPK2, which may prove a potential biomarker and indicate potential targets for the treatment of bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - J Ge
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - P Sahaer
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - H Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, China
| | - H Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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35
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Iwamura C, Ohnuki H, Flomerfelt FA, Zheng L, Carletti A, Wakashin H, Mikami Y, Brooks SR, Kanno Y, Gress RE, Tosato G, Nakayama T, O'Shea JJ, Sher A, Jankovic D. Microbial ligand-independent regulation of lymphopoiesis by NOD1. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:2080-2090. [PMID: 37957354 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant differentiation of progenitor cells in the hematopoietic system is known to severely impact host immune responsiveness. Here we demonstrate that NOD1, a cytosolic innate sensor of bacterial peptidoglycan, also functions in murine hematopoietic cells as a major regulator of both the generation and differentiation of lymphoid progenitors as well as peripheral T lymphocyte homeostasis. We further show that NOD1 mediates these functions by facilitating STAT5 signaling downstream of hematopoietic cytokines. In steady-state, loss of NOD1 resulted in a modest but significant decrease in numbers of mature T, B and natural killer cells. During systemic protozoan infection this defect was markedly enhanced, leading to host mortality. Lack of functional NOD1 also impaired T cell-dependent anti-tumor immunity while preventing colitis. These findings reveal that, in addition to its classical role as a bacterial ligand receptor, NOD1 plays an important function in regulating adaptive immunity through interaction with a major host cytokine signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Iwamura
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, and Synergy Institute for Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Ohnuki
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Francis A Flomerfelt
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lixin Zheng
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexie Carletti
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hidefumi Wakashin
- Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yohei Mikami
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen R Brooks
- Biodata Mining and Discovery Section, Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yuka Kanno
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ronald E Gress
- Experimental Transplantation and Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Giovanna Tosato
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - John J O'Shea
- Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alan Sher
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dragana Jankovic
- Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Sharma A, Achi SC, Ibeawuchi SR, Anandachar MS, Gementera H, Chaudhury U, Usmani F, Vega K, Sayed IM, Das S. The crosstalk between microbial sensors ELMO1 and NOD2 shape intestinal immune responses. Virulence 2023; 14:2171690. [PMID: 36694274 PMCID: PMC9980453 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2171690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial sensors play an essential role in maintaining cellular homoeostasis. Our knowledge is limited on how microbial sensing helps in differential immune response and its link to inflammatory diseases. Recently we have confirmed that ELMO1 (Engulfment and Cell Motility Protein-1) present in cytosol is involved in pathogen sensing, engulfment, and intestinal inflammation. Here, we show that ELMO1 interacts with another sensor, NOD2 (Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2), that recognizes bacterial cell wall component muramyl dipeptide (MDP). The polymorphism of NOD2 is linked to Crohn's disease (CD) pathogenesis. Interestingly, we found that overexpression of ELMO1 and mutant NOD2 (L1007fs) were not able to clear the CD-associated adherent invasive E. coli (AIEC-LF82). The functional implications of ELMO1-NOD2 interaction in epithelial cells were evaluated by using enteroid-derived monolayers (EDMs) from ELMO1 and NOD2 KO mice. Subsequently we also assessed the immune response in J774 macrophages depleted of either ELMO1 or NOD2 or both. The infection of murine EDMs with AIEC-LF82 showed higher bacterial load in ELMO1-KO, NOD2 KO EDMs, and ELMO1 KO EDMs treated with NOD2 inhibitors. The murine macrophage cells showed that the downregulation of ELMO1 and NOD2 is associated with impaired bacterial clearance that is linked to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species. Our results indicated that the crosstalk between microbial sensors in enteric infection and inflammatory diseases impacts the fate of the bacterial load and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sharma
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego; San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Stella-Rita Ibeawuchi
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego; San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Hobie Gementera
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego; San Diego, California, USA
| | - Uddeep Chaudhury
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego; San Diego, California, USA
| | - Fatima Usmani
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego; San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kevin Vega
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego; San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ibrahim M Sayed
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego; San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Soumita Das
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego; San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Science, University of Massachusetts-Lowell, Lowell, USA
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Wu HY, Kuo CJ, Chou CH, Ho MW, Chen CL, Hsu TS, Chen YC, Chiang-Ni C, Chen YYM, Chiu CH, Lai CH. Clostridium innocuum, an emerging pathogen that induces lipid raft-mediated cytotoxicity. Virulence 2023; 14:2265048. [PMID: 37798913 PMCID: PMC10561569 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2265048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium innocuum is an emerging spore-forming anaerobe that is often observed in Clostridioides difficile-associated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) exacerbations. Unlike C. difficile, C. innocuum neither produces toxins nor possesses toxin-encoding genetic loci, but is commonly found in both intestinal and extra-intestinal infections. Membrane lipid rafts are composed of dynamic assemblies of cholesterol and sphingolipids, allowing bacteria to gain access to cells. However, the direct interaction between C. innocuum and lipid rafts that confers bacteria the ability to disrupt the intestinal barrier and induce pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the associations among nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2), lipid rafts, and cytotoxicity in C. innocuum-infected gut epithelial cells. Our results revealed that lipid rafts were involved in C. innocuum-induced NOD2 expression and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation, triggering an inflammatory response. Reducing cholesterol by simvastatin significantly dampened C. innocuum-induced cell death, indicating that the C. innocuum-induced pathogenicity of cells was lipid raft-dependent. These results demonstrate that NOD2 mobilization into membrane rafts in response to C. innocuum-induced cytotoxicity results in aggravated pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yu Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Kuo
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung Microbiota Therapy Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Huei Chou
- Department of Infectious Disease, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Wang Ho
- Department of Infectious Disease, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chyi-Liang Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Shan Hsu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chu Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuan Chiang-Ni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ywan M. Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung Microbiota Therapy Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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38
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Rimmer P, Iqbal T. Prognostic modelling in IBD. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2023; 67:101877. [PMID: 38103929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2023.101877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
In the ideal world prognostication or predicting disease course in any chronic condition would allow the clinician to anticipate disease behaviour, providing crucial information for the patient and data regarding best use of resources. Prognostication also allows an understanding of likely response to treatment and the risk of adverse effects of a treatment leading to withdrawal in any individual patient. Therefore, the ability to predict outcomes from the onset of disease is the key step to developing precision personalised medicine, which is the design of medical care to optimise efficiency or therapeutic benefit based on careful profiling of patients. An important corollary is to prevent unnecessary healthcare costs. This paper outlines currently available predictors of disease outcome in IBD and looks to the future which will involve the use of artificial intelligence to interrogate big data derived from various important 'omes' to tease out a more holistic approach to IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rimmer
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK; University of Birmingham, College of Medical and Dental Science, UK.
| | - Tariq Iqbal
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK; University of Birmingham, College of Medical and Dental Science, UK.
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39
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Tsukidate T, Hespen CW, Hang HC. Small molecule modulators of immune pattern recognition receptors. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:1014-1036. [PMID: 38033733 PMCID: PMC10685800 DOI: 10.1039/d3cb00096f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) represent a re-emerging class of therapeutic targets for vaccine adjuvants, inflammatory diseases and cancer. In this review article, we summarize exciting developments in discovery and characterization of small molecule PRR modulators, focusing on Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs) and the cGAS-STING pathway. We also highlight PRRs that are currently lacking small molecule modulators and opportunities for chemical biology and therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Tsukidate
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York New York 10065 USA
| | - Charles W Hespen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York New York 10065 USA
| | - Howard C Hang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York New York 10065 USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology and Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla California 92037 USA
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40
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Cheng X, Barakat R, Pavani G, Usha MK, Calderon R, Snella E, Gorden A, Zhang Y, Gadue P, French DL, Dorman KS, Fidanza A, Campbell CA, Espin-Palazon R. Nod1-dependent NF-kB activation initiates hematopoietic stem cell specification in response to small Rho GTPases. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7668. [PMID: 37996457 PMCID: PMC10667254 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncovering the mechanisms regulating hematopoietic specification not only would overcome current limitations related to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) transplantation, but also advance cellular immunotherapies. However, generating functional human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived HSPCs and their derivatives has been elusive, necessitating a better understanding of the developmental mechanisms that trigger HSPC specification. Here, we reveal that early activation of the Nod1-Ripk2-NF-kB inflammatory pathway in endothelial cells (ECs) primes them to switch fate towards definitive hemogenic endothelium, a pre-requisite to specify HSPCs. Our genetic and chemical embryonic models show that HSPCs fail to specify in the absence of Nod1 and its downstream kinase Ripk2 due to a failure on hemogenic endothelial (HE) programming, and that small Rho GTPases coordinate the activation of this pathway. Manipulation of NOD1 in a human system of definitive hematopoietic differentiation indicates functional conservation. This work establishes the RAC1-NOD1-RIPK2-NF-kB axis as a critical intrinsic inductor that primes ECs prior to HE fate switch and HSPC specification. Manipulation of this pathway could help derive a competent HE amenable to specify functional patient specific HSPCs and their derivatives for the treatment of blood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Cheng
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Radwa Barakat
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Qalyubia, 13518, Egypt
| | - Giulia Pavani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Masuma Khatun Usha
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Rodolfo Calderon
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Elizabeth Snella
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Abigail Gorden
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Yudi Zhang
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Paul Gadue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Deborah L French
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karin S Dorman
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Antonella Fidanza
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Clyde A Campbell
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Raquel Espin-Palazon
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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41
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Rivoal M, Dubuquoy L, Millet R, Leleu-Chavain N. Receptor Interacting Ser/Thr-Protein Kinase 2 as a New Therapeutic Target. J Med Chem 2023; 66:14391-14410. [PMID: 37857324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Receptor interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) is a downstream signaling molecule essential for the activation of several innate immune receptors, including the NOD-like receptors (NOD1 and NOD2). Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular pattern proteins by NOD1/2 leads to their interaction with RIPK2, which induces release of pro-inflammatory cytokines through the activation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways, among others. Thus, RIPK2 has emerged as a key mediator of intracellular signal transduction and represents a new potential therapeutic target for the treatment of various conditions, including inflammatory diseases and cancer. In this Perspective, first, an overview of the mechanisms that underlie RIPK2 function will be presented along with its role in several diseases. Then, the existing inhibitors that target RIPK2 and different therapeutic strategies will be reviewed, followed by a discussion on current challenges and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Rivoal
- Inserm, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurent Dubuquoy
- Inserm, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Régis Millet
- Inserm, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Natascha Leleu-Chavain
- Inserm, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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42
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Anwar MU, van der Goot FG. Refining S-acylation: Structure, regulation, dynamics, and therapeutic implications. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202307103. [PMID: 37756661 PMCID: PMC10533364 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202307103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
With a limited number of genes, cells achieve remarkable diversity. This is to a large extent achieved by chemical posttranslational modifications of proteins. Amongst these are the lipid modifications that have the unique ability to confer hydrophobicity. The last decade has revealed that lipid modifications of proteins are extremely frequent and affect a great variety of cellular pathways and physiological processes. This is particularly true for S-acylation, the only reversible lipid modification. The enzymes involved in S-acylation and deacylation are only starting to be understood, and the list of proteins that undergo this modification is ever-increasing. We will describe the state of knowledge on the enzymes that regulate S-acylation, from their structure to their regulation, how S-acylation influences target proteins, and finally will offer a perspective on how alterations in the balance between S-acylation and deacylation may contribute to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad U. Anwar
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F. Gisou van der Goot
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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43
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Tsounis EP, Aggeletopoulou I, Mouzaki A, Triantos C. Creeping Fat in the Pathogenesis of Crohn's Disease: An Orchestrator or a Silent Bystander? Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:1826-1836. [PMID: 37260352 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Although the phenomenon of hypertrophied adipose tissue surrounding inflamed bowel segments in Crohn's disease has been described since 1932, the mechanisms mediating the creeping fat formation and its role in the pathogenesis of the disease have not been fully unraveled. Recent advances demonstrating the multiple actions of adipose tissue beyond energy storage have brought creeping fat to the forefront of scientific research. In Crohn's disease, dysbiosis and transmural injury compromise the integrity of the intestinal barrier, resulting in an excessive influx of intraluminal microbiota and xenobiotics. The gut and peri-intestinal fat are in close anatomic relationship, implying a direct reciprocal immunologic relationship, whereas adipocytes are equipped with an arsenal of innate immunity sensors that respond to invading stimuli. As a result, adipocytes and their progenitor cells undergo profound immunophenotypic changes, leading to adipose tissue remodeling and eventual formation of creeping fat. Indeed, creeping fat is an immunologically active organ that synthesizes various pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, profibrotic mediators, and adipokines that serve as paracrine/autocrine signals and regulate immune responses. Therefore, creeping fat appears to be involved in inflammatory signaling, which explains why it has been associated with a higher severity or complicated phenotype of Crohn's disease. Interestingly, there is growing evidence for an alternative immunomodulatory function of creeping fat as a second barrier that prevents an abnormal systemic inflammatory response at the expense of an increasingly proliferating profibrotic environment. Further studies are needed to clarify how this modified adipose tissue exerts its antithetic effect during the course of Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymios P Tsounis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Ioanna Aggeletopoulou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Athanasia Mouzaki
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
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44
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Zou C, Zan X, Jia Z, Zheng L, Gu Y, Liu F, Han Y, Xu C, Wu A, Zhi Q. Crosstalk between alternative splicing and inflammatory bowel disease: Basic mechanisms, biotechnological progresses and future perspectives. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1479. [PMID: 37983927 PMCID: PMC10659771 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternative splicing (AS) is an omnipresent regulatory mechanism of gene expression that enables the generation of diverse splice isoforms from a single gene. Recently, AS events have gained considerable momentum in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS Our review has summarized the complex process of RNA splicing, and firstly highlighted the potential involved molecules that target aberrant splicing events in IBD. The quantitative transcriptome analyses such as microarrays, next-generation sequencing (NGS) for AS events in IBD have been also discussed. RESULTS Available evidence suggests that some abnormal splicing RNAs can lead to multiple intestinal disorders during the onset of IBD as well as the progression to colitis-associated cancer (CAC), including gut microbiota perturbations, intestinal barrier dysfunctions, innate/adaptive immune dysregulations, pro-fibrosis activation and some other risk factors. Moreover, current data show that the advanced technologies, including microarrays and NGS, have been pioneeringly employed to screen the AS candidates and elucidate the potential regulatory mechanisms of IBD. Besides, other biotechnological progresses such as the applications of third-generation sequencing (TGS), single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST), will be desired with great expectations. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, the current review is the first one to evaluate the potential regulatory mechanisms of AS events in IBD. The expanding list of aberrantly spliced genes in IBD along with the developed technologies provide us new clues to how IBD develops, and how these important AS events can be explored for future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chentao Zou
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Xinquan Zan
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Zhenyu Jia
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Yijie Gu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Ye Han
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Chunfang Xu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Airong Wu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Qiaoming Zhi
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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45
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Thrane K, Winge MCG, Wang H, Chen L, Guo MG, Andersson A, Abalo XM, Yang X, Kim DS, Longo SK, Soong BY, Meyers JM, Reynolds DL, McGeever A, Demircioglu D, Hasson D, Mirzazadeh R, Rubin AJ, Bae GH, Karkanias J, Rieger K, Lundeberg J, Ji AL. Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomic Analysis of Human Skin Delineates Intercellular Communication and Pathogenic Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:2177-2192.e13. [PMID: 37142187 PMCID: PMC10592679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal homeostasis is governed by a balance between keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation with contributions from cell-cell interactions, but conserved or divergent mechanisms governing this equilibrium across species and how an imbalance contributes to skin disease are largely undefined. To address these questions, human skin single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics data were integrated and compared with mouse skin data. Human skin cell-type annotation was improved using matched spatial transcriptomics data, highlighting the importance of spatial context in cell-type identity, and spatial transcriptomics refined cellular communication inference. In cross-species analyses, we identified a human spinous keratinocyte subpopulation that exhibited proliferative capacity and a heavy metal processing signature, which was absent in mouse and may account for species differences in epidermal thickness. This human subpopulation was expanded in psoriasis and zinc-deficiency dermatitis, attesting to disease relevance and suggesting a paradigm of subpopulation dysfunction as a hallmark of the disease. To assess additional potential subpopulation drivers of skin diseases, we performed cell-of-origin enrichment analysis within genodermatoses, nominating pathogenic cell subpopulations and their communication pathways, which highlighted multiple potential therapeutic targets. This integrated dataset is encompassed in a publicly available web resource to aid mechanistic and translational studies of normal and diseased skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Thrane
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mårten C G Winge
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Black Family Stem Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Larry Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Black Family Stem Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Margaret G Guo
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Biomedical Informatics Program, Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Alma Andersson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Xesús M Abalo
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Xue Yang
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Daniel S Kim
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Biomedical Informatics Program, Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sophia K Longo
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Brian Y Soong
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Black Family Stem Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jordan M Meyers
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - David L Reynolds
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Aaron McGeever
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Deniz Demircioglu
- Bioinformatics for Next Generation Sequencing Core, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dan Hasson
- Bioinformatics for Next Generation Sequencing Core, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Reza Mirzazadeh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Adam J Rubin
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gordon H Bae
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jim Karkanias
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kerri Rieger
- Program in Epithelial Biology, Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Joakim Lundeberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Andrew L Ji
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Black Family Stem Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
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46
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Lethier M, Huard K, Hons M, Favier A, Brutscher B, Boeri Erba E, Abbott DW, Cusack S, Pellegrini E. Structure shows that the BIR2 domain of E3 ligase XIAP binds across the RIPK2 kinase dimer interface. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201784. [PMID: 37673444 PMCID: PMC10485824 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RIPK2 is an essential adaptor for NOD signalling and its kinase domain is a drug target for NOD-related diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease. However, recent work indicates that the phosphorylation activity of RIPK2 is dispensable for signalling and that inhibitors of both RIPK2 activity and RIPK2 ubiquitination prevent the essential interaction between RIPK2 and the BIR2 domain of XIAP, the key RIPK2 ubiquitin E3 ligase. Moreover, XIAP BIR2 antagonists also block this interaction. To reveal the molecular mechanisms involved, we combined native mass spectrometry, NMR, and cryo-electron microscopy to determine the structure of the RIPK2 kinase BIR2 domain complex and validated the interface with in cellulo assays. The structure shows that BIR2 binds across the RIPK2 kinase antiparallel dimer and provides an explanation for both inhibitory mechanisms. It also highlights why phosphorylation of the kinase activation loop is dispensable for signalling while revealing the structural role of RIPK2-K209 residue in the RIPK2-XIAP BIR2 interaction. Our results clarify the features of the RIPK2 conformation essential for its role as a scaffold protein for ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Lethier
- https://ror.org/01zjc6908 European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble, France
| | - Karine Huard
- https://ror.org/01zjc6908 European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble, France
| | - Michael Hons
- https://ror.org/01zjc6908 European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble, France
| | - Adrien Favier
- University Grenoble Alpes, IBS, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France
- CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | - Bernhard Brutscher
- University Grenoble Alpes, IBS, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France
- CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | - Elisabetta Boeri Erba
- University Grenoble Alpes, IBS, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France
- CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | - Derek W Abbott
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stephen Cusack
- https://ror.org/01zjc6908 European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble, France
| | - Erika Pellegrini
- https://ror.org/01zjc6908 European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble, France
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47
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Azevedo IR, Amamura TA, Isaac L. Human leptospirosis: In search for a better vaccine. Scand J Immunol 2023; 98:e13316. [PMID: 39008520 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a neglected disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira and is more prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries. This pathogen infects humans and other animals, responsible for the most widespread zoonosis in the world, estimated to be responsible for 60 000 deaths and 1 million cases per year. To date, commercial vaccines against human leptospirosis are available only in some countries such as Japan, China, Cuba and France. These vaccines prepared with inactivated Leptospira (bacterins) induce a short-term and serovar-specific immune response, with strong adverse side effects. To circumvent these limitations, several research groups are investigating new experimental vaccines in order to ensure that they are safe, efficient, and protect against several pathogenic Leptospira serovars, inducing sterilizing immunity. Most of these protocols use attenuated cultures, preparations after LPS removal, recombinant proteins or DNA from pathogenic Leptospira spp. The aim of this review was to highlight several promising vaccine candidates, considering their immunogenicity, presence in different pathogenic Leptospira serovars, their role in virulence or immune evasion and other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Resende Azevedo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Akemi Amamura
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lourdes Isaac
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hasanoor Reja AH, De A, Chakraborty D, Ahmed SS, Sarda A. A Cross-Sectional Study to Evaluate the Alteration of Cytokine Expression and Activation of Inflammatory Pathway in Response to NOD1 and NOD2 Signal in Leprosy. Indian J Dermatol 2023; 68:724. [PMID: 38371539 PMCID: PMC10868971 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_386_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Leprae bacilli are identified as foreign by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) present in the microbes but absent in the host. The Nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family comprises the nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain (NOD1 and NOD2) proteins, which are two well-known PRRs. The objectives of this study were to study the expression of cytoplasmic NOD1 and NOD2 in the pathogenesis of leprosy and the serum level of expressed cytokines and to measure the messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) expression. Methods Clinically suspected Hansen's patients were analysed for 4 years. Newly diagnosed leprosy patients were considered leprosy disease control (LDC). The cases with active or new lesions and an increase in Bacteriological index (BI) by at least 2 + after 12 months of completion of Multidrug therapy (MDT) were considered leprosy disease relapse (LDR) cases. Age- and sex-matched healthy individuals served as our control group (healthy control (HC)). enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the concentration of five human cytokines in serum, including three pro-inflammatory cytokines (Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and IL-6), one anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) and one chemokine (IL-8). Quantitative expression of receptor genes (NOD1 and NOD2) and cytokine genes (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-8) was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (qRT-PCR). We studied NOD1 and NOD2 expression in the tissues through fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Differential NLR intracellular expression on peripheral blood monocytes (PBMs) and their response to stimulation with specific ligands (lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and muramyl dipeptide (MDP)) were studied. Results A significant difference in the expression of the NOD1 gene was observed in unstimulated monocytes of the LDC and LDR cases when compared to HC. The NOD2 transcript level was significantly higher in stimulated monocytes from LDC and LDR patients than in similarly stimulated cells from HC. The LDC patients had a significantly higher level of pro-inflammatory cytokines as compared to the HC. Conclusion In conclusion, this study has demonstrated the expression of both cytokines and chemokines in response to NLR activation in the skin of leprosy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhishek De
- Department of Dermatology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Disha Chakraborty
- Department of Dermatology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sk. S. Ahmed
- Department of Dermatology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Aarti Sarda
- Department of Dermatology, Wizderm Skin and Hair Specialty Clinic, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Yin R, Wang T, Dai H, Han J, Sun J, Liu N, Dong W, Zhong J, Liu H. Immunogenic molecules associated with gut bacterial cell walls: chemical structures, immune-modulating functions, and mechanisms. Protein Cell 2023; 14:776-785. [PMID: 37013853 PMCID: PMC10599643 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between gut microbiome and host immune system are fundamental to maintaining the intestinal mucosal barrier and homeostasis. At the host-gut microbiome interface, cell wall-derived molecules from gut commensal bacteria have been reported to play a pivotal role in training and remodeling host immune responses. In this article, we review gut bacterial cell wall-derived molecules with characterized chemical structures, including peptidoglycan and lipid-related molecules that impact host health and disease processes via regulating innate and adaptive immunity. Also, we aim to discuss the structures, immune responses, and underlying mechanisms of these immunogenic molecules. Based on current advances, we propose cell wall-derived components as important sources of medicinal agents for the treatment of infection and immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruopeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huanqin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junjie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingzu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ningning Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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50
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Wang Y, Xu Q, Meng M, Chang G, Ma N, Shen X. Butyrate Protects against γ-d-Glutamyl- meso-diaminopimelic Acid-Induced Inflammatory Response and Tight Junction Disruption through Histone Deacetylase 3 Inhibition in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:14638-14648. [PMID: 37767922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the regulatory actions and underlying mechanisms of butyrate on the inflammatory response and tight junction (TJ) disruption in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). Results showed that butyrate declined histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) expression, blocked NF-κB activation, and thus suppressed inflammatory cytokine production in γ-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP)-triggered BMECs. Butyrate also depressed the protein abundance of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), elevated the expression of TJ proteins, and restored the cellular distribution of TJ proteins and the barrier function of epithelial cells. HDAC3 overexpression abolished the protective effects of butyrate. In conclusion, butyrate alleviated the iE-DAP-induced inflammatory response and TJ injury by blocking NF-κB activation and decreasing inflammatory cytokine production and MLCK expression in a HDAC3-dependent manner. Our finding provides a mechanistic basis for further exploring the regulatory effects of butyrate on the mammary inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Meijuan Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guangjun Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Nana Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiangzhen Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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