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Zhang X, Tian X, Wang Y, Yan Y, Wang Y, Su M, Lv H, Li K, Hao X, Xing X, Song S. Application of lipopolysaccharide in establishing inflammatory models. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135371. [PMID: 39244120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a unique component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, possesses immune-activating properties. It induces an immune response by stimulating host cells to produce a lot of inflammatory cytokines with a thermogenic effect, which may cause an inflammatory response. In the past few decades, the structure and function of LPS and its mechanism leading to inflammation have been extensively analyzed. Since LPS can cause inflammation, it is often used to establish inflammation models. These models are crucial in the study of inflammatory diseases that pose a serious threat to human health. In addition, the non-pro-inflammatory effects of LPS under certain circumstances are also being studied widely. This review summarizes the methods by which LPS has been used to establish inflammatory models at the cellular and animal levels to study related diseases. It also introduces in detail the evaluation indicators necessary for the successful establishment of these models, providing a reference for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
| | - Xiao Tian
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
| | - Yong Yan
- JD Berry Agricultural Development Co., Ltd, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
| | - Yuan Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
| | - Meicai Su
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
| | - Haifei Lv
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
| | - Kaitao Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
| | - Xiaobin Hao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
| | - Xiang Xing
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China; Weihai Research Institute of Industrial Technology, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Shuliang Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China; Weihai Research Institute of Industrial Technology, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China.
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2
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Leek C, Cantu A, Sonti S, Gutierrez MC, Eldredge L, Sajti E, Xu HN, Lingappan K. Role of sex as a biological variable in neonatal alveolar macrophages. Redox Biol 2024; 75:103296. [PMID: 39098263 PMCID: PMC11345582 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The lung macrophages play a crucial role in health and disease. Sexual dimorphism significantly impacts the phenotype and function of tissue-resident macrophages. The primary mechanisms responsible for sexually dimorphic outcomes in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remain unidentified. We tested the hypothesis that biological sex plays a crucial role in the transcriptional state of alveolar macrophages, using neonatal murine hyperoxia-induced lung injury as a relevant model for human BPD. The effects of neonatal hyperoxia exposure (95 % FiO2, PND1-5: saccular stage) on the lung myeloid cells acutely after injury and during normoxic recovery were measured. Alveolar macrophages (AM) from room air- and hyperoxia exposed from male and female neonatal murine lungs were subjected to bulk-RNA Sequencing. AMs are significantly depleted in the hyperoxia-exposed lung acutely after injury, with subsequent recovery in both sexes. The transcriptome of the alveolar macrophages is impacted by neonatal hyperoxia exposure and by sex as a biological variable. Pathways related to DNA damage and interferon-signaling were positively enriched in female AMs. Metabolic pathways related to glucose and carbohydrate metabolism were positively enriched in the male AMs, while oxidative phosphorylation was negatively enriched. These pathways were shared with monocytes and airway macrophages from intubated male and female human premature neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Leek
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Abiud Cantu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Shilpa Sonti
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Manuel Cantu Gutierrez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Laurie Eldredge
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, WA, USA
| | - Eniko Sajti
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - He N Xu
- Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Krithika Lingappan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA.
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3
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Wang R, Shi Y, Lv Y, Xie C, Hu Y. The novel insights of epithelial-derived exosomes in various fibrotic diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116591. [PMID: 38631144 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of fibrosis include the abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins and abnormal tissue repair caused by injury, infection, and inflammation, leading to a significant increase in organ failure and mortality. Effective and precise treatments are urgently needed to halt and reverse the progression of fibrotic diseases. Exosomes are tiny vesicles derived from endosomes, spanning from 40 to 160 nanometers in diameter, which are expelled into the extracellular matrix environment by various cell types. They play a crucial role in facilitating cell-to-cell communication by transporting a variety of cargoes, including proteins, RNA, and DNA. Epithelial cells serve as the primary barrier against diverse external stimuli that precipitate fibrotic diseases. Numerous research suggests that exosomes from epithelial cells have a significant impact on several fibrotic diseases. An in-depth comprehension of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of epithelial cell-derived exosomes in fibrosis holds promise for advancing the exploration of novel diagnostic biomarkers and clinical drug targets. In this review, we expand upon the pathogenic mechanisms of epithelium-derived exosomes and highlight their role in the fibrotic process by inducing inflammation and activating fibroblasts. In addition, we are particularly interested in the bioactive molecules carried by epithelial-derived exosomes and their potential value in the diagnosis and treatment of fibrosis and delineate the clinical utility of exosomes as an emerging therapeutic modality, highlighting their potential application in addressing various medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifu Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial and Regenerative Medicine, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuxin Shi
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial and Regenerative Medicine, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yonglin Lv
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial and Regenerative Medicine, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Changqing Xie
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial and Regenerative Medicine, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Yanjia Hu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care, Academician Workstation for Oral-maxilofacial and Regenerative Medicine, Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Cui E, Lv L, Wang B, Li L, Lu H, Hua F, Chen W, Chen N, Yang L, Pan R. Umbilical cord MSC-derived exosomes improve alveolar macrophage function and reduce LPS-induced acute lung injury. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30519. [PMID: 38224137 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe condition that can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), with a high mortality rate. Currently, no specific and compelling drug treatment plan exists. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promising results in preclinical and clinical studies as a potential treatment for ALI and other lung-related conditions due to their immunomodulatory properties and ability to regenerate various cell types. The present study focuses on analyzing the role of umbilical cord MSC (UC-MSC))-derived exosomes in reducing lipopolysaccharide-induced ALI and investigating the mechanism involved. The study demonstrates that UC-MSC-derived exosomes effectively improved the metabolic function of alveolar macrophages and promoted their shift to an anti-inflammatory phenotype, leading to a reduction in ALI. The findings also suggest that creating three-dimensional microspheres from the MSCs first can enhance the effectiveness of the exosomes. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanism of action and optimize the therapeutic potential of MSCs and their secretome in ALI and other lung-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhai Cui
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liqin Li
- TCM Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Zhejiang Province for the Development and Clinical Transformation of Immunomodulatory Drugs, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huadong Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Hua
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenyan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liwei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruolang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Cell-Based Drug and Applied Technology Development in Zhejiang Province, Institute for Cell-Based Drug Development of Zhejiang Province, S-Evans Biosciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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5
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Guo H, Yu R, Zhang H, Wang W. Cytokine, chemokine alterations and immune cell infiltration in Radiation-induced lung injury: Implications for prevention and management. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111263. [PMID: 38000232 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is one of the primary treatments for thoracic malignancies, with radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) emerging as its most prevalent complication. RILI encompasses early-stage radiation pneumonitis (RP) and the subsequent development of radiation pulmonary fibrosis (RPF). During radiation treatment, not only are tumor cells targeted, but normal tissue cells, including alveolar epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells, also sustain damage. Within the lungs, ionizing radiation boosts the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species across various cell types. This elevation precipitates the release of cytokines and chemokines, coupled with the infiltration of inflammatory cells, culminating in the onset of RP. This pulmonary inflammatory response can persist, spanning a duration from several months to years, ultimately progressing to RPF. This review aims to explore the alterations in cytokine and chemokine release and the influx of immune cells post-ionizing radiation exposure in the lungs, offering insights for the prevention and management of RILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochun Guo
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ran Yu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Lianshui People's Hospital, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223400, China; Jiangsu Nursing Vocational and Technical College, Huai'an 223400, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Wanpeng Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Lianshui People's Hospital, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223400, China; Jiangsu Nursing Vocational and Technical College, Huai'an 223400, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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6
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Gao N, Wang J, Fang C, Bai P, Sun Y, Wu W, Shan A. Combating bacterial infections with host defense peptides: Shifting focus from bacteria to host immunity. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 72:101030. [PMID: 38043443 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.101030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections necessitates the exploration of novel paradigms for anti-infective therapy. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also known as host defense peptides (HDPs), have garnered extensive recognition as immunomodulatory molecules that leverage natural host mechanisms to enhance therapeutic benefits. The unique immune mechanism exhibited by certain HDPs that involves self-assembly into supramolecular nanonets capable of inducing bacterial agglutination and entrapping is significantly important. This process effectively prevents microbial invasion and subsequent dissemination and significantly mitigates selective pressure for the evolution of microbial resistance, highlighting the potential of HDP-based antimicrobial therapy. Recent advancements in this field have focused on developing bio-responsive materials in the form of supramolecular nanonets. A comprehensive overview of the immunomodulatory and bacteria-agglutinating activities of HDPs, along with a discussion on optimization strategies for synthetic derivatives, is presented in this article. These optimized derivatives exhibit improved biological properties and therapeutic potential, making them suitable for future clinical applications as effective anti-infective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Gao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Chunyang Fang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Pengfei Bai
- Animal Science and Technology College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yu Sun
- Animal Science and Technology College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Wanpeng Wu
- Animal Science and Technology College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Animal Science and Technology College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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7
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Ozkanlar S, Ulas N, Kaynar O, Satici E. P2X7 receptor antagonist A-438079 alleviates oxidative stress of lung in LPS-induced septic rats. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:699-707. [PMID: 36959434 PMCID: PMC10754811 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09936-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a deadly systemic inflammatory response of the body against infection resulting in immune response, cell differentiation and organ damage. Endotoxemia is one of the causes of sepsis-related acute respiratory distress and respiratory burst is an important generator of oxidants. Inflammation may be aggravated by overexpression of ATP-gated purinergic receptors (i.e., P2X7R) following cell damage. We aimed to evaluate the effects of P2X7R antagonist A-438079 on lung oxidative status and the receptor expression in endotoxemia of sepsis. Rats were subjected to sepsis by E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and treated with 15 mg/kg A-438079. The increase in circulatory IL-1β and IL-8 concentrations in LPS group confirmed the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxemia compared with Control groups (p < 0.001). Besides, there was an increase in P2X7R expression in lung tissue after LPS administration. Compared with Control groups, there were significant increases in the values of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) (p < 0.001), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) (p < 0.05) in lung tissue of LPS group. P2X7R expression in lung and IL-1β level in blood did not increase in LPS + A-438079 group. A-438079 decreased the lung levels of MDA, GSH, CAT and SOD (p < 0.001), and MPO (p < 0.01) in septic rats. As a result, administration of pathogen-associated LPS led to increased P2X7R expression into lung tissue and elevated lipid peroxidation product MDA with regard to oxidative damage. The P2X7R antagonist A-438079 alleviated the oxidative stress of lung with a balance of tissue oxidant/antioxidant factors in experimental sepsis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seckin Ozkanlar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Nergis Ulas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kaynar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kastamonu University, 37150, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Emine Satici
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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Duan Y, Zhou J, Zhou Z, Zhang E, Yu Y, Krishnan N, Silva-Ayala D, Fang RH, Griffiths A, Gao W, Zhang L. Extending the In Vivo Residence Time of Macrophage Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles through Genetic Modification. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2305551. [PMID: 37635117 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles coated with natural cell membranes have emerged as a promising class of biomimetic nanomedicine with significant clinical potential. Among them, macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles hold particular appeal due to their versatility in drug delivery and biological neutralization applications. This study employs a genetic engineering approach to enhance their in vivo residence times, aiming to further improve their performance. Specifically, macrophages are engineered to express proline-alanine-serine (PAS) peptide chains, which provide additional protection against opsonization and phagocytosis. The resulting modified nanoparticles demonstrate prolonged residence times when administered intravenously or introduced intratracheally, surpassing those coated with the wild-type membrane. The longer residence times also contribute to enhanced nanoparticle efficacy in inhibiting inflammatory cytokines in mouse models of lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury and sublethal endotoxemia, respectively. This study underscores the effectiveness of genetic modification in extending the in vivo residence times of macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles. This approach can be readily extended to modify other cell membrane-coated nanoparticles toward more favorable biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaou Duan
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jiarong Zhou
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Zhidong Zhou
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Edward Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yiyan Yu
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Nishta Krishnan
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Daniela Silva-Ayala
- Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Ronnie H Fang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Anthony Griffiths
- Department of Microbiology and National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Weiwei Gao
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
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Chakraborty S, Singh A, Wang L, Wang X, Sanborn MA, Ye Z, Maienschein-Cline M, Mukhopadhyay A, Ganesh BB, Malik AB, Rehman J. Trained immunity of alveolar macrophages enhances injury resolution via KLF4-MERTK-mediated efferocytosis. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221388. [PMID: 37615937 PMCID: PMC10450795 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that training of innate immune cells such as tissue-resident macrophages by repeated noxious stimuli can heighten host defense responses. However, it remains unclear whether trained immunity of tissue-resident macrophages also enhances injury resolution to counterbalance the heightened inflammatory responses. Here, we studied lung-resident alveolar macrophages (AMs) prechallenged with either the bacterial endotoxin or with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and observed that these trained AMs showed greater resilience to pathogen-induced cell death. Transcriptomic analysis and functional assays showed greater capacity of trained AMs for efferocytosis of cellular debris and injury resolution. Single-cell high-dimensional mass cytometry analysis and lineage tracing demonstrated that training induces an expansion of a MERTKhiMarcohiCD163+F4/80low lung-resident AM subset with a proresolving phenotype. Reprogrammed AMs upregulated expression of the efferocytosis receptor MERTK mediated by the transcription factor KLF4. Adoptive transfer of these trained AMs restricted inflammatory lung injury in recipient mice exposed to lethal P. aeruginosa. Thus, our study has identified a subset of tissue-resident trained macrophages that prevent hyperinflammation and restore tissue homeostasis following repeated pathogen challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeparna Chakraborty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Abhalaxmi Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xinge Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark A. Sanborn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zijing Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Amitabha Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Balaji B. Ganesh
- Research Resources Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Asrar B. Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jalees Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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10
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Kim M, Chaudhary SC, Kim B, Kim Y. Protective Effects of Rhamnetin in Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii-Induced Sepsis Model and the Underlying Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15603. [PMID: 37958587 PMCID: PMC10647638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is a well-known harmful bacterium that causes severe health disorders and dysregulates the host immune response associated with inflammation. Upon examining the suppressive activity of natural flavonoid rhamnetin on various pro-inflammatory cytokines in a CRAB-induced septic shock mouse model, we found that rhamnetin inhibited the production of IL-1β and IL-18, two pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with pyroptotic cell death, a process dependent on caspase-1. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities of rhamnetin and the underlying mechanism of action in a CRAB infection. In the CRAB-induced septic shock mouse model, rhamnetin reduced the level of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in lung lysates, resulting in the inhibition of TLR4-mediated inflammatory signaling. Notably, rhamnetin reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in macrophages and inhibited apoptotic and pyroptotic cell injury induced by CRAB infection. Therefore, rhamnetin inhibited LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators, hindering apoptotic and pyroptotic processes and contributing to a recovery effect in CRAB-induced sepsis mice by suppressing oxidative stress. Taken together, our study presents the potential role of rhamnetin in protecting against oxidative damage induced by CRAB infection through a TLR4 and ROS-mediated pyroptotic pathway, showing an alternative mechanism for sepsis prevention. Therefore, rhamnetin is a promising therapeutic candidate for treating CRAB-induced sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yangmee Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (M.K.); (S.C.C.); (B.K.)
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11
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Joshi JC, Joshi B, Zhang C, Banerjee S, Vellingiri V, Raghunathrao VAB, Zhang L, Amin R, Song Y, Mehta D. RGS2 is an innate immune checkpoint for TLR4 and Gαq-mediated IFNγ generation and lung injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.22.559016. [PMID: 37790514 PMCID: PMC10542520 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.22.559016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
IFNγ, a type II interferon secreted by immune cells, augments tissue responses to injury following pathogenic infections leading to lethal acute lung injury (ALI). Alveolar macrophages (AM) abundantly express Toll-like receptor-4 and represent the primary cell type of the innate immune system in the lungs. A fundamental question remains whether AM generation of IFNg leads to uncontrolled innate response and perpetuated lung injury. LPS induced a sustained increase in IFNg levels and unresolvable inflammatory lung injury in the mice lacking RGS2 but not in RGS2 null chimeric mice receiving WT bone marrow or receiving the RGS2 gene in AM. Thus, indicating RGS2 serves as a gatekeeper of IFNg levels in AM and thereby lung's innate immune response. RGS2 functioned by forming a complex with TLR4 shielding Gaq from inducing IFNg generation and AM inflammatory signaling. Thus, inhibition of Gaq blocked IFNg generation and subverted AM transcriptome from being inflammatory to reparative type in RGS2 null mice, resolving lung injury. Highlights RGS2 levels are inversely correlated with IFNγ in ARDS patient's AM.RGS2 in alveolar macrophages regulate the inflammatory lung injury.During pathogenic insult RGS2 functioned by forming a complex with TLR4 shielding Gαq from inducing IFNγ generation and AM inflammatory signaling. eToc Blurb Authors demonstrate an essential role of RGS2 in macrophages in airspace to promoting anti-inflammatory function of alveolar macrophages in lung injury. The authors provided new insight into the dynamic control of innate immune response by Gαq and RGS2 axis to prevent ALI.
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12
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Feng B, Feng X, Yu Y, Xu H, Ye Q, Hu R, Fang X, Gao F, Wu J, Pan Q, Yu J, Lang G, Li L, Cao H. Mesenchymal stem cells shift the pro-inflammatory phenotype of neutrophils to ameliorate acute lung injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:197. [PMID: 37553691 PMCID: PMC10408228 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03438-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment plays a major role in the management of acute lung injury (ALI), and neutrophils are the initial line of defense against ALI. However, the effect of MSCs on neutrophils in ALI remains mostly unknown. METHODS We investigated the characteristics of neutrophils in lung tissue of ALI mice induced by lipopolysaccharide after treatment with MSCs using single-cell RNA sequencing. Neutrophils separated from lung tissue in ALI were co-cultured with MSCs, and then samples were collected for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry. RESULTS During inflammation, six clusters of neutrophils were identified, annotated as activated, aged, and circulatory neutrophils. Activated neutrophils had higher chemotaxis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase scores than aged neutrophils. Circulatory neutrophils occurred mainly in healthy tissue and were characterized by higher expression of Cxcr2 and Sell. Activated neutrophils tended to exhibit higher expression of Cxcl10 and Cd47, and lower expression of Cd24a, while aged neutrophils expressed a lower level of Cd47 and higher level of Cd24a. MSC treatment shifted activated neutrophils toward an aged neutrophil phenotype by upregulating the expression of CD24, thereby inhibiting inflammation by reducing chemotaxis, ROS production, and NADPH oxidase. CONCLUSION We identified the immunosuppressive effects of MSCs on the subtype distribution of neutrophils and provided new insight into the therapeutic mechanism of MSC treatment in ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Feng
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xudong Feng
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yingduo Yu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Haoying Xu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qingqing Ye
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-Chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Ruitian Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Xinru Fang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Feiqiong Gao
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qiaoling Pan
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Guanjing Lang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250117, Shandong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Hongcui Cao
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-Chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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13
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Geng C, Wang X, Chen J, Sun N, Wang Y, Li Z, Han L, Hou S, Fan H, Li N, Gong Y. Repetitive Low-Level Blast Exposure via Akt/NF-κB Signaling Pathway Mediates the M1 Polarization of Mouse Alveolar Macrophage MH-S Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10596. [PMID: 37445774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive low-level blast (rLLB) exposure is a potential risk factor for the health of soldiers or workers who are exposed to it as an occupational characteristic. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are susceptible to external blast waves and produce pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effect of rLLB exposure on AMs is still unclear. Here, we generated rLLB waves through a miniature manual Reddy-tube and explored their effects on MH-S cell morphology, phenotype transformation, oxidative stress status, and apoptosis by immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), western blotting (WB) and flow cytometry. Ipatasertib (GDC-0068) or PDTC was used to verify the role of the Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway in these processes. Results showed that rLLB treatment could cause morphological irregularities and cytoskeletal disorders in MH-S cells and promote their polarization to the M1 phenotype by increasing iNOS, CD86 and IL-6 expression. The molecular mechanism is through the Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, we found reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, Ca2+ accumulation, mitochondrial membrane potential reduction, and early apoptosis of MH-S cells. Taken together, our findings suggest rLLB exposure may cause M1 polarization and early apoptosis of AMs. Fortunately, it is blocked by specific inhibitors GDC-0068 or PDTC. This study provides a new treatment strategy for preventing and alleviating health damage in the occupational population caused by rLLB exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Geng
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiale Chen
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Na Sun
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuru Wang
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zizheng Li
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lu Han
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shike Hou
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Haojun Fan
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanhua Gong
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
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14
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Holloman BL, Cannon A, Wilson K, Singh N, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti P. Characterization of Chemotaxis-Associated Gene Dysregulation in Myeloid Cell Populations in the Lungs during Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Acute Lung Injury. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:2016-2028. [PMID: 37163318 PMCID: PMC10615667 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
During endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI), immune cell recruitment resulting from chemotaxis is mediated by CXC and CC chemokines and their receptors. In this study, we investigated the role of chemokines and their receptors in the regulation of myeloid cell populations in the circulation and the lungs of C57BL/6J mice exhibiting LPS-mediated ALI using single-cell RNA sequencing. During ALI, there was an increase in the myeloid cells, M1 macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and other granulocytes, whereas there was a decrease in the residential alveolar macrophages and M2 macrophages. Interestingly, LPS triggered the upregulation of CCL3, CCL4, CXCL2/3, and CXCL10 genes associated with cellular migration of various subsets of macrophages, neutrophils, and granulocytes. Furthermore, there was an increase in the frequency of myeloid cells expressing CCR1, CCR3, CCR5, and CXCR2 receptors during ALI. MicroRNA sequencing studies of vehicle versus LPS groups identified several dysregulated microRNAs targeting the upregulated chemokine genes. This study suggests that chemokine ligand-receptors interactions are responsible for myeloid cell heterogenicity and cellular recruitment to the lungs during ALI. The single-cell transcriptomics allowed for an in-depth assessment and characterization of myeloid cells involved in immune cell trafficking during ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Latrell Holloman
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Alkeiver Cannon
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Kiesha Wilson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Narendra Singh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Prakash Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208
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15
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Byrnes D, Masterson CH, Gonzales HE, McCarthy SD, O'Toole DP, Laffey JG. Multiple Dosing and Preactivation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Enhance Efficacy in Established Pneumonia Induced by Antimicrobial-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Rodents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098055. [PMID: 37175761 PMCID: PMC10179238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria, such as Klebsiella species, are an increasingly common cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia, resulting in high mortality and morbidity. Harnessing the host immune response to AMR bacterial infection using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising approach to bypass bacterial AMR mechanisms. The administration of single doses of naïve MSCs to ARDS clinical trial patient cohorts has been shown to be safe, although efficacy is unclear. The study tested whether repeated MSC dosing and/or preactivation, would attenuate AMR Klebsiella pneumonia-induced established pneumonia. Rat models of established K. pneumoniae-induced pneumonia were randomised to receive intravenous naïve or cytomix-preactivated umbilical cord MSCs as a single dose at 24 h post pneumonia induction with or without a subsequent dose at 48 h. Physiological indices, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and tissues were obtained at 72 h post pneumonia induction. A single dose of naïve MSCs was largely ineffective, whereas two doses of MSCs were effective in attenuating Klebsiella pneumosepsis, improving lung compliance and oxygenation, while reducing bacteria and injury in the lung. Cytomix-preactivated MSCs were superior to naïve MSCs. BAL neutrophil counts and activation were reduced, and apoptosis increased. MSC therapy reduced cytotoxic BAL T cells, and increased CD4+/CD8+ ratios. Systemically, granulocytes, classical monocytes, and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio were reduced, and nonclassical monocytes were increased. Repeated doses of MSCs-particularly preactivated MSCs-enhance their therapeutic potential in a clinically relevant model of established AMR K. pneumoniae-induced pneumosepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan Byrnes
- Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 TR33 Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, H91 TR33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Claire H Masterson
- Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 TR33 Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, H91 TR33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Hector E Gonzales
- Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 TR33 Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, H91 TR33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Sean D McCarthy
- Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 TR33 Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, H91 TR33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Daniel P O'Toole
- Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 TR33 Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, H91 TR33 Galway, Ireland
| | - John G Laffey
- Anaesthesia, School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 TR33 Galway, Ireland
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Galway, H91 TR33 Galway, Ireland
- Department of Anaesthesia, Galway University Hospitals, SAOLTA University Health Group, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland
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16
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T'Jonck W, Bain CC. The role of monocyte-derived macrophages in the lung: it's all about context. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 159:106421. [PMID: 37127181 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are present in every tissue of the body where they play crucial roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis and providing front line defence against pathogens. Arguably, this is most important at mucosal barrier tissues, such as the lung and gut, which are major ports of entry for pathogens. However, a common feature of inflammation, infection or injury is the loss of tissue resident macrophages and accumulation of monocytes from the circulation, which differentiate, to different extents, into macrophages. The exact fate and function of these elicited, monocyte-derived macrophages in infection, injury and inflammation remains contentious. While some studies have documented the indispensable nature of monocytes and their macrophage derivatives in combatting infection and restoration of lung homeostasis following insult, observations from clinical studies and preclinical models of lung infection/injury shows that monocytes and their progeny can become dysregulated in severe pathology, often perpetuating rather than resolving the insult. In this Mini Review, we aim to bring together these somewhat contradictory reports by discussing how the plasticity of monocytes allow them to assume distinct functions in different contexts in the lung, from health to infection, and effective tissue repair to fibrotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter T'Jonck
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, EH16 4TJ, U.K; Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter
| | - Calum C Bain
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, EH16 4TJ, U.K; Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter
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17
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Wang SW, Zhang Q, Lu D, Fang YC, Yan XC, Chen J, Xia ZK, Yuan QT, Chen LH, Zhang YM, Nan FJ, Xie X. GPR84 regulates pulmonary inflammation by modulating neutrophil functions. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023:10.1038/s41401-023-01080-z. [PMID: 37016043 PMCID: PMC10072043 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is an acute, progressive hypoxic respiratory failure that could develop into acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with very high mortality rate. ALI is believed to be caused by uncontrolled inflammation, and multiple types of immune cells, especially neutrophils, are critically involved in the development of ALI. The treatment for ALI/ARDS is very limited, a better understanding of the pathogenesis and new therapies are urgently needed. Here we discover that GPR84, a medium chain fatty acid receptor, plays critical roles in ALI development by regulating neutrophil functions. GPR84 is highly upregulated in the cells isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of LPS-induced ALI mice. GPR84 deficiency or blockage significantly ameliorated ALI mice lung inflammation by reducing neutrophils infiltration and oxidative stress. Further studies reveal that activation of GPR84 strongly induced reactive oxygen species production from neutrophils by stimulating Lyn, AKT and ERK1/2 activation and the assembly of the NADPH oxidase. These results reveal an important role of GPR84 in neutrophil functions and lung inflammation and strongly suggest that GPR84 is a potential drug target for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264117, China
| | - Dan Lu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - You-Chen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Ci Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Kan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qian-Ting Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lin-Hai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | | | - Fa-Jun Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264117, China
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264117, China.
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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18
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Zhang F, Ke C, Zhou Z, Xu K, Wang Y, Liu Y, Tu J. Scutellaria baicalensis Pith-decayed Root Inhibits Macrophage-related Inflammation Through the NF-κB/NLRP3 Pathway to Alleviate LPS-induced Acute Lung Injury. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:493-507. [PMID: 35716667 DOI: 10.1055/a-1878-5704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is one of the representative "lung heat syndromes" in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Scutellaria baicalensis is an herbal medicine used in TCM for treating lung diseases, due to its remarkable anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects. When used in TCM, S. baicalensis root is divided into two categories: S. baicalensis pith-not-decayed root (SN) and S. baicalensis pith-decayed root (SD). Compared to SN, SD has a better effect on lung diseases. We constructed a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) mouse model to study the pharmacodynamic mechanism of SD. The ethanolic extract of Scutellaria baicalensis pith-decayed root (EESD) significantly affected LPS-induced ALI by reducing alveolar interstitial thickening, pulmonary edema, and other pathological symptoms, decreasing the infiltration of inflammatory cells, especially macrophages, and inhibiting IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 transcription and translation. Furthermore, in the THP-1 macrophage model induced by LPS, EESD inhibited the expression of phosphorylated nuclear factor inhibitory protein alpha (p-IκBα), phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB P65 (p-p65), cleaved-caspase-1, cleaved-IL-1β protein, and the release of inflammatory factors in the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway, inhibiting macrophage function. In vivo experiments yielded similar results. Therefore, the present study clarified the potential of EESD in the treatment of ALI and revealed its potential pharmacodynamic mechanism by inhibiting the NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and suppressing the pro-inflammatory phenotype activation of lung tissue macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Chang Ke
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhongshi Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Kang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Hubei Research Center of Chinese Materia Medica Processing Engineering and Technology, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yanju Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Hubei Research Center of Chinese Materia Medica Processing Engineering and Technology, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jiyuan Tu
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Hubei Research Center of Chinese Materia Medica Processing Engineering and Technology, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, P. R. China
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19
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Wen J, Qin S, Li Y, Zhang P, Zhan X, Fang M, Shi C, Mu W, Kan W, Zhao J, Hui S, Hou M, Li H, Xiao X, Xu G, Bai Z. Flavonoids derived from licorice suppress LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice by inhibiting the cGAS-STING signaling pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 175:113732. [PMID: 36958387 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, we have found that the dysregulation of the cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)‒stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway leads to the development of immune and inflammatory diseases, therefore, finding compounds that can specifically regulate this pathway is essential for effective regulation of the immune pathway for addressing inflammatory diseases. Licorice flavonoids (LFs), are active ingredients extracted from the Chinese herb licorice, which has been reported to have strong anti-inflammatory activity in previous studies. Here, we report that LFs inhibit the activation of the cGAS-STING pathway evidenced by the inhibition of the expression of type I interferons and related downstream genes such as interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), as well as inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Notably, LFs markedly improve the LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting the excessive activation of cGAS-STING signaling pathway. Mechanistically, LFs treatment leads to the blocking of 2'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthesis resulting in an inhibition of the activation of the cGAS-STING pathway. Our results indicate that LFs is a specific inhibitor of the cGAS-STING pathway, which is suggested to be a potential candidate for the treatment of cGAS-STING pathway-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincai Wen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Shuanglin Qin
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, PR China
| | - Yurong Li
- Department of Military Patient Management, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical Supplies Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhan
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Mingxia Fang
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Ce Shi
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Wenqing Mu
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Wen Kan
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Siwen Hui
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Manting Hou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Guang Xu
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Zhaofang Bai
- Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
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20
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Yuan D, Chu J, Lin H, Zhu G, Qian J, Yu Y, Yao T, Ping F, Chen F, Liu X. Mechanism of homocysteine-mediated endothelial injury and its consequences for atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1109445. [PMID: 36727029 PMCID: PMC9884709 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1109445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is an intermediate amino acid formed during the conversion from methionine to cysteine. When the fasting plasma Hcy level is higher than 15 μmol/L, it is considered as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). The vascular endothelium is an important barrier to vascular homeostasis, and its impairment is the initiation of atherosclerosis (AS). HHcy is an important risk factor for AS, which can promote the development of AS and the occurrence of cardiovascular events, and Hcy damage to the endothelium is considered to play a very important role. However, the mechanism by which Hcy damages the endothelium is still not fully understood. This review summarizes the mechanism of Hcy-induced endothelial injury and the treatment methods to alleviate the Hcy induced endothelial dysfunction, in order to provide new thoughts for the diagnosis and treatment of Hcy-induced endothelial injury and subsequent AS-related diseases.
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21
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Zhu W, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Immunotherapy strategies and prospects for acute lung injury: Focus on immune cells and cytokines. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1103309. [PMID: 36618910 PMCID: PMC9815466 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1103309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is a disastrous condition, which can be caused by a wide range of diseases, such as pneumonia, sepsis, traumas, and the most recent, COVID-19. Even though we have gained an improved understanding of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome pathogenesis and treatment mechanism, there is still no effective treatment for acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, which is partly responsible for the unacceptable mortality rate. In the pathogenesis of acute lung injury, the inflammatory storm is the main pathological feature. More and more evidences show that immune cells and cytokines secreted by immune cells play an irreplaceable role in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. Therefore, here we mainly reviewed the role of various immune cells in acute lung injury from the perspective of immunotherapy, and elaborated the crosstalk of immune cells and cytokines, aiming to provide novel ideas and targets for the treatment of acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Anhui Chest Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Anhui Chest Hospital, Hefei, China,*Correspondence: Yiwen Zhang, ; Yinghong Wang,
| | - Yinghong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China,*Correspondence: Yiwen Zhang, ; Yinghong Wang,
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22
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Chen S, Zhou M, Zhao X, Han Y, Huang Y, Zhang L, Wang J, Xiao X, Li P. Metabolomics coupled with network pharmacology study on the protective effect of Keguan-1 granules in LPS-induced acute lung injury. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:525-534. [PMID: 35253576 PMCID: PMC8903776 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2040544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Keguan-1 (KG-1) plays a vital role in enhancing the curative effects, improving quality of life, and reducing the development of acute lung injury (ALI). OBJECTIVE To unravel the protective effect and underlying mechanism of KG-1 against ALI. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6J mice were intratracheally instilled with lipopolysaccharide to establish the ALI model. Then, mice in the KG-1 group received a dose of 5.04 g/kg for 12 h. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and pathological characteristics were determined to explore the effects of KG-1. Next, untargeted metabolomics was used to identify the differential metabolites and involved pathways for KG-1 anti-ALI. Network pharmacology was carried out to predict the putative active components and drug targets of KG-1 anti-ALI. RESULTS KG-1 significantly improved the levels of TNF-α (from 2295.92 ± 529.87 pg/mL to 1167.64 ± 318.91 pg/mL), IL-6 (from 4688.80 ± 481.68 pg/mL to 3604.43 ± 382.00 pg/mL), CXCL1 (from 4361.76 ± 505.73 pg/mL to 2981.04 ± 526.18 pg/mL), CXCL2 (from 5034.09 ± 809.28 pg/mL to 2980.30 ± 747.63 pg/mL), and impaired lung histological damage. Untargeted metabolomics revealed that KG-1 significantly regulated 12 different metabolites, which mainly related to lipid, amino acid, and vitamin metabolism. Network pharmacology showed that KG-1 exhibited anti-ALI effects through 17 potentially active components acting on seven putative drug targets to regulate four metabolites. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This work elucidated the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism by which KG-1 protects against ALI from the view of the metabolome, thus providing a scientific basis for the usage of KG-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaishuai Chen
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxi Zhou
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanzhong Han
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiabo Wang
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pengyan Li
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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23
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Mesenchymal stromal cells alleviate acute respiratory distress syndrome through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:307. [PMID: 36064538 PMCID: PMC9441842 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been considered a promising alternative for treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, there is significant heterogeneity in their therapeutic efficacy, largely owing to the incomplete understanding of the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic activities of MSCs. Here, we hypothesize that the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP), which is recognized as a neuroimmunological pathway, may be involved in the therapeutic mechanisms by which MSCs mitigate ARDS. Using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bacterial lung inflammation models, we found that inflammatory cell infiltration and Evans blue leakage were reduced and that the expression levels of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) in lung tissue were significantly increased 6 hours after MSC infusion. When the vagus nerve was blocked or α7 nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor (α7nAChR)-knockout mice were used, the therapeutic effects of MSCs were significantly reduced, suggesting that the CAP may play an important role in the effects of MSCs in ARDS treatment. Our results further showed that MSC-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) likely promoted ACh synthesis and release. Additionally, based on the efficacy of nAChR and α7nAChR agonists, we found that lobeline, the nicotinic cholinergic receptor excitation stimulant, may attenuate pulmonary inflammation and alleviate respiratory symptoms of ARDS patients in a clinical study (ChiCTR2100047403). In summary, we reveal a previously unrecognized MSC-mediated mechanism of CAP activation as the means by which MSCs alleviate ARDS-like syndrome, providing insight into the clinical translation of MSCs or CAP-related strategies for the treatment of patients with ARDS.
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24
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Zhou J, Li L, Qu M, Tan J, Sun G, Luo F, Zhong P, He C. Electroacupuncture pretreatment protects septic rats from acute lung injury by relieving inflammation and regulating macrophage polarization. Acupunct Med 2022:9645284221118588. [PMID: 36039902 DOI: 10.1177/09645284221118588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype may attenuate inflammation and have a therapeutic effect in acute lung injury (ALI). OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment on the inflammatory response and macrophage polarization in a septic rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 24) were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8 each): control (Ctrl), ALI (LPS) and pre-EA (LPS + EA pretreatment). ALI and pre-EA rats were injected with LPS via the caudal vein. Pulmonary edema was assessed by left upper pulmonary lobe wet-to-dry (W/D) ratios. Lung injury scores were obtained from paraffin-embedded and hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of the left lower pulmonary lobe. Inflammatory activation was quantified using serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and IL-10 levels measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Macrophage phenotype was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting. RESULTS Mean lung W/D ratio was significantly lower and serum IL-1β levels were decreased in pre-EA rats compared to ALI rats (P < 0.05). TNF-α mRNA expression was decreased and mannose receptor (MR) and Arg1 mRNA expression was increased in the lung tissues of pre-EA rats compared to ALI rats (P < 0.01). Arg1 protein expression was similarly increased in the lung tissues of pre-EA rats compared to ALI rats (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION EA pretreatment may play a protective role by promoting macrophage polarization to the M2 phenotype in a septic rat model of LPS-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjian Qu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinqu Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghua Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Peirui Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengqi He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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25
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Guo Z, Yang H, Zhang JR, Zeng W, Hu X. Leptin receptor signaling sustains metabolic fitness of alveolar macrophages to attenuate pulmonary inflammation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo3064. [PMID: 35857512 PMCID: PMC9286500 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo3064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are critical mediators of pulmonary inflammation. Given the unique lung tissue environment, whether there exist AM-specific mechanisms that control inflammation is not known. Here, we found that among various tissue-resident macrophage populations, AMs specifically expressed Lepr, encoding receptor for a key metabolic hormone leptin. AM-intrinsic Lepr signaling attenuated pulmonary inflammation in vivo, manifested as subdued acute lung injury yet compromised host defense against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Lepr signaling protected AMs from necroptosis and thus constrained neutrophil recruitment and tissue damage secondary to release of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1α. Mechanistically, Lepr signaling sustained activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in a Ca2+ influx-dependent manner and rewired cellular metabolism, thus preventing excessive lipid droplet formation and overloaded metabolic stress in a lipid-rich alveolar microenvironment. In conclusion, our results defined AM-expressed Lepr as a metabolic checkpoint of pulmonary inflammation and exemplified a macrophage tissue adaptation strategy for maintenance of immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Guo
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haoqi Yang
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing-Ren Zhang
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenwen Zeng
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Beijing 100084, China
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Vasudevan SO, Russo AJ, Kumari P, Vanaja SK, Rathinam VA. A TLR4-independent critical role for CD14 in intracellular LPS sensing. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110755. [PMID: 35508125 PMCID: PMC9376664 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular lipopolysaccharide (LPS) sensing by the noncanonical inflammasome comprising caspase-4 or −11 governs antibacterial host defense. How LPS gains intracellular access in vivo is largely unknown. Here, we show that CD14—an LPS-binding protein with a well-documented role in TLR4 activation—plays a vital role in intracellular LPS sensing in vivo. By generating Cd14−/− and Casp11−/− mice strains on a Tlr4−/− background, we dissociate CD14’s known role in TLR4 signaling from its role in caspase-11 activation and show a TLR4-independent role for CD14 in GSDMD activation, pyroptosis, alarmin release, and the lethality driven by cytosolic LPS. Mechanistically, CD14 enables caspase-11 activation by mediating cytosolic localization of LPS in a TLR4-independent manner. Overall, our findings attribute a critical role for CD14 in noncanonical inflammasome sensing of LPS in vivo and establish—together with previous literature—CD14 as an essential proximal component of both TLR4-based extracellular and caspase-11-based intracellular LPS surveillance. How LPS attains cytosolic access in vivo is unclear. Vasudevan et al. define a TLR4-independent role for CD14 in the cytosolic localization of LPS, triggering noncanonical inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in vivo. This finding positions CD14 as an integral component of both extracellular and intracellular LPS surveillance pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathy O Vasudevan
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Ashley J Russo
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Puja Kumari
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Sivapriya Kailasan Vanaja
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Vijay A Rathinam
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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Xu Z, Lin L, Fan Y, Huselstein C, De Isla N, He X, Chen Y, Li Y. Secretome of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Consecutive Hypoxic Cultures Promotes Resolution of Lung Inflammation by Reprogramming Anti-Inflammatory Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084333. [PMID: 35457151 PMCID: PMC9032661 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The secretome from hypoxia-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been shown to promote resolution of inflammation and alleviate acute lung injury (ALI) through its immunomodulatory function. However, the effects of consecutive hypoxic culture on immunomodulatory function of the MSCs secretome are largely unclarified. Here, we intend to investigate the effects of consecutive hypoxia on therapeutic efficacy of conditioned medium derived from MSCs (MSCs-CM) in alleviating ALI. Human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) were consecutively cultured in 21% O2 (Nor-MSCs) or in 1% O2 (Hypo-MSCs) from passage 0. Their conditioned medium (Nor-CM and Hypo-CM respectively) was collected and administered into ALI models. Our findings confirmed that Hypo-MSCs exhibited increased proliferation ability and decreased cell senescence compared with Nor-MSCs. Consecutive hypoxia promoted UC-MSCs to secrete immunomodulatory cytokines, such as insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1), IL10, TNFα-stimulated gene 6(TSG6), TGFβ, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Both Nor-CM and Hypo-CM could effectively limit lung inflammation, promote efferocytosis and modulate anti-inflammatory polarization of lung macrophages in ALI models. Moreover, the effects of Hypo-CM were more potent than Nor-CM. Taken together, our findings indicate that consecutive hypoxic cultures could not only promote both proliferation and quality of UC-MSCs, but also enhance the therapeutic efficacy of their secretome in mitigating lung inflammation by promoting efferocytosis and anti-inflammatory polarization of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (Z.X.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (X.H.); (Y.C.)
| | - Lulu Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (Z.X.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (X.H.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yuxuan Fan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (Z.X.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (X.H.); (Y.C.)
| | - Céline Huselstein
- UMR 7365 CNRS, Medical School, University of Lorraine, 54505 Nancy, France; (C.H.); (N.D.I.)
| | - Natalia De Isla
- UMR 7365 CNRS, Medical School, University of Lorraine, 54505 Nancy, France; (C.H.); (N.D.I.)
| | - Xiaohua He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (Z.X.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (X.H.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (Z.X.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (X.H.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yinping Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (Z.X.); (L.L.); (Y.F.); (X.H.); (Y.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-6875-8727; Fax: +86-27-6875-9222
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28
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Bai Z, Li P, Wen J, Han Y, Cui Y, Zhou Y, Shi Z, Chen S, Li Q, Zhao X, Wang Z, Li R, Guo Y, Zhan X, Xu G, Ding K, Wang J, Xiao X. Inhibitory effects and mechanisms of the anti-covid-19 traditional Chinese prescription, Keguan-1, on acute lung injury. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114838. [PMID: 34788645 PMCID: PMC8590745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Keguan-1, a new traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription contained seven Chinese herbs, is developed to treat coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). The first internationally registered COVID-19 randomised clinical trial on integrated therapy demonstrated that Keguan-1 significantly reduced the incidence of ARDS and inhibited the severe progression of COVID-19. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the protective mechanism of Keguan-1 on ARDS, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) model was used to simulate the pathological state of ARDS in patients with COVID-19, focusing on its effect and mechanism on ALI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were challenged with LPS (2 mg/kg) by intratracheal instillation (i.t.) and were orally administered Keguan-1 (low dose, 1.25 g/kg; medium dose, 2.5 g/kg; high dose, 5 g/kg) after 2 h. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were collected 6 h and 24 h after i.t. administration of LPS. The levels of inflammatory factors tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC or mCXCL1), macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP2 or mCXCL2), angiotensin II (Ang II), and endothelial cell junction-associated proteins were analysed using ELISA or western blotting. RESULTS Keguan-1 improved the survival rate, respiratory condition, and pathological lung injury; decreased the production of proinflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, KC, and MIP2) in BALF and the number of neutrophils in the lung tissues; and ameliorated inflammatory injury in the lung tissues of the mice with LPS-induced ALI. Keguan-1 also reduced the expression of Ang II and the adhesion molecule ICAM-1; increased tight junction proteins (JAM-1 and claudin-5) and VE-cadherin expression; and alleviated pulmonary vascular endothelial injury in LPS-induced ALI. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that Keguan-1 can improve LPS-induced ALI by reducing inflammation and pulmonary vascular endothelial injury, providing scientific support for the clinical treatment of patients with COVID-19. Moreover, it also provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the scientific use of TCMs in emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofang Bai
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Pengyan Li
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Jincai Wen
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Yanzhong Han
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Cui
- Medical Supplies Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Zhuo Shi
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Shuaishuai Chen
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Xu Zhao
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Zhongxia Wang
- Department of TCM, Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Ruisheng Li
- Research Center for Clinical and Translational Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Yuming Guo
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhan
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Guang Xu
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Kaixin Ding
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Jiabo Wang
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China; China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Fifth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
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Lam TYW, Nguyen N, Peh HY, Shanmugasundaram M, Chandna R, Tee JH, Ong CB, Hossain MZ, Venugopal S, Zhang T, Xu S, Qiu T, Kong WT, Chakarov S, Srivastava S, Liao W, Kim JS, Teh M, Ginhoux F, Fred Wong WS, Ge R. ISM1 protects lung homeostasis via cell-surface GRP78-mediated alveolar macrophage apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2019161119. [PMID: 35046017 PMCID: PMC8794848 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019161119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are critical for lung immune defense and homeostasis. They are orchestrators of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with their number significantly increased and functions altered in COPD. However, it is unclear how AM number and function are controlled in a healthy lung and if changes in AMs without environmental assault are sufficient to trigger lung inflammation and COPD. We report here that absence of isthmin 1 (ISM1) in mice (Ism1-/- ) leads to increase in both AM number and functional heterogeneity, with enduring lung inflammation, progressive emphysema, and significant lung function decline, phenotypes similar to human COPD. We reveal that ISM1 is a lung resident anti-inflammatory protein that selectively triggers the apoptosis of AMs that harbor high levels of its receptor cell-surface GRP78 (csGRP78). csGRP78 is present at a heterogeneous level in the AMs of a healthy lung, but csGRP78high AMs are expanded in Ism1-/- mice, cigarette smoke (CS)-induced COPD mice, and human COPD lung, making these cells the prime targets of ISM1-mediated apoptosis. We show that csGRP78high AMs mostly express MMP-12, hence proinflammatory. Intratracheal delivery of recombinant ISM1 (rISM1) depleted csGRP78high AMs in both Ism1-/- and CS-induced COPD mice, blocked emphysema development, and preserved lung function. Consistently, ISM1 expression in human lungs positively correlates with AM apoptosis, suggesting similar function of ISM1-csGRP78 in human lungs. Our findings reveal that AM apoptosis regulation is an important physiological mechanism for maintaining lung homeostasis and demonstrate the potential of pulmonary-delivered rISM1 to target csGRP78 as a therapeutic strategy for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Y W Lam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ngan Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hong Yong Peh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Mahalakshmi Shanmugasundaram
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ritu Chandna
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jong Huat Tee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Chee Bing Ong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Md Zakir Hossain
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Shruthi Venugopal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Simin Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Tao Qiu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Wan Ting Kong
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Svetoslav Chakarov
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Supriya Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Wupeng Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Ming Teh
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - W S Fred Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Immunology Program, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Singapore-Hebrew University of Jerusalem Alliance for Research and Enterprise, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Ruowen Ge
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore;
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30
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Liu Z, Pan H, Zhang Y, Zheng Z, Xiao W, Hong X, Chen F, Peng X, Pei Y, Rong J, He J, Zou L, Wang J, Zhong J, Han X, Cao Y. Ginsenoside-Rg1 attenuates sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction by modulating mitochondrial damage via the P2X7 receptor-mediated Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 36:e22885. [PMID: 34859534 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenoside-Rg1 (G-Rg1), a saponin that is a primary component of ginseng, is effective against inflammatory diseases. The P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2X7) receptor is an ATP-gated ion channel that is predominantly expressed in immune cells and plays a key role in inflammatory processes. We investigated the role of G-Rg1 in sepsis-related cardiac dysfunction and the underlying mechanism involving the regulation of the P2X7 receptor. We detected cell viability, cytotoxicity, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) with or without G-Rg1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced H9c2 cell models of ischemia/reperfusion injury. We applied cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce a mouse model of sepsis and measured the survival duration and cardiac function of CLP mice. Next, we quantified the ROS level, MMP, respiratory chain complex I-IV enzymatic activity, and mitochondrial fusion in CLP mouse heart tissues. We then investigated the role of G-Rg1 in repairing LPS-induced cell mitochondrial damage, including mitochondrial superoxidation products. The results showed that G-Rg1 inhibited LPS- or H/R-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, cytotoxicity, ROS levels, and mitochondrial damage. In addition, G-Rg1 prolonged the survival time of CLP mice. G-Rg1 attenuated LPS-induced superoxide production in the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes and the excessive release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytoplasm. Most importantly, G-Rg1 suppressed LPS-mediated induction of proapoptotic Bax, activated Akt, induced GSK-3β phosphorylation, and balanced mitochondrial calcium levels. Overall, G-Rg1 activates the Akt/GSK-3β pathway through P2X7 receptors to inhibit sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Liu
- Cardiology Department, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China.,Clinical Medicine Research Center of Heart Failure of Hunan Province, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Hongwei Pan
- Cardiology Department, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China.,Clinical Medicine Research Center of Heart Failure of Hunan Province, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Yixiong Zhang
- Emergency Department, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Zhaofen Zheng
- Cardiology Department, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China.,Clinical Medicine Research Center of Heart Failure of Hunan Province, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Weiwei Xiao
- Emergency Department, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Xiuqin Hong
- Department of Research, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Emergency Department, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Peng
- Clinical Medicine Research Center of Heart Failure of Hunan Province, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Yanfang Pei
- Emergency Department, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Jingjing Rong
- Cardiology Department, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China.,Clinical Medicine Research Center of Heart Failure of Hunan Province, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Jin He
- Cardiology Department, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China.,Clinical Medicine Research Center of Heart Failure of Hunan Province, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Lianhong Zou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabolomics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Research, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Department of Research, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Xiaotong Han
- Emergency Department, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Emergency Department, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
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31
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Thapa K, Verma N, Singh TG, Kaur Grewal A, Kanojia N, Rani L. COVID-19-Associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS): Mechanistic insights on therapeutic intervention and emerging trends. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108328. [PMID: 34768236 PMCID: PMC8563344 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused great distress worldwide. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is well familiar but when it happens as part of COVID-19 it has discrete features which are unmanageable. Numerous pharmacological treatments have been evaluated in clinical trials to control the clinical effects of CARDS, but there is no assurance of their effectiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review of the literature of the Medline, Scopus, Bentham, PubMed, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was examined to understand the novel therapeutic approaches used in COVID-19-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and their outcomes. KEY FINDINGS Current therapeutic options may not be enough to manage COVID-19-associated ARDS complications in group of patients and therefore, the current review has discussed the pathophysiological mechanism of COVID-19-associated ARDS, potential pharmacological treatment and the emerging molecular drug targets. SIGNIFICANCE The rationale of this review is to talk about the pathophysiology of CARDS, potential pharmacological treatment and the emerging molecular drug targets. Currently accessible treatment focuses on modulating immune responses, rendering antiviral effects, anti-thrombosis or anti-coagulant effects. It is expected that considerable number of studies conducting globally may help to discover effective therapies to decrease mortality and morbidity occurring due to CARDS. Attention should be also given on molecular drug targets that possibly will help to develop efficient cure for COVID-19-associated ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Thapa
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India; Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Nitin Verma
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Neha Kanojia
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Lata Rani
- Chitkara School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
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32
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Sasaki E, Momose H, Furuhata K, Mizukami T, Hamaguchi I. Impact of injection buffer volume to perform bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collection for isolating alveolar macrophages to investigate fine particle-induced IL-1α secretion. J Immunotoxicol 2021; 18:163-172. [PMID: 34761701 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2021.1979699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of alveolar macrophages has been reported in many toxicology/immunology studies. Alveolar macrophages release interleukin (IL)-1α as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) when stimulated by fine particles. However, it is unclear whether cell isolation procedures affect ex vivo particle-induced responses in primary mouse alveolar macrophages (mAM). In this study, effects of injection buffer volume used to perform bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) collection to isolate mAM for use in ex vivo particle-induced responses were assessed. Among the mAM obtained from BALF collected using a 0.55 or 0.75 ml, but not a 1.0 ml buffer injection volume, decreased cell viability and IL-1α release were observed when cells were stimulated ex vivo with silica crystal or aluminum salt. Injected buffer composition did not affect the IL-1α release. On the other hand, IL-6 secretion induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) did not differ among mAM obtained from BALF collected using the different volumes. Expression levels of cell surface markers like CD11c, SiglecF, and CD64 did not differ among mAM obtained from BALF collected using the different injection buffer volumes. IL-1α release (and also necroptosis) induced by ex vivoparticle stimulation was suppressed by RIPK3 inhibitor or cytochalasin D co-treatment. Decreases in RIPK3 phosphorylation were noted in mAM obtained in BALF collected using the 1.0 ml injection volume compared with mAM obtained in BALF using 0.55 or 0.75 ml buffer. These observations illustrate that larger volumes of buffer used to collect BALF from mice can affect sensitivity of the isolated mAM to ex vivo particle-induced responses by inhibiting their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eita Sasaki
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Momose
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Furuhata
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuo Mizukami
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Hamaguchi
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
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33
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He X, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Xie L, Yu Z, Zheng J. Function of the P2X7 receptor in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. Exp Hematol 2021; 104:40-47. [PMID: 34687808 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) accumulates at tissue injury and inflammation sites. The P2X7 receptor is an ATP-gated ion channel known for its cytotoxic activity. However, P2X7 receptors also play important roles in the growth of cancer and the immune regulation. Functional P2X7 receptor is widely expressed in murine and human hematopoietic stem cells and their lineages, including monocytes, macrophages, mast cells, and B or T lymphocytes, and participates in various physiological and pathologic activities. Therefore, it is not surprising that the P2X7 receptor is important for the normal hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. Here, we summarize the biological functions of P2X7 receptor during both normal hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. In particular, we found that ATP levels are dramatically increased in the leukemic bone marrow niche and the fates of leukemia-initiating cells of acute myeloid leukemia are tightly controlled by P2X7 expression and ATP-P2X7-mediated signaling pathways. These findings strongly indicate that the P2X7 receptor may be considered a potential biomarker of hematological malignancies in bone marrow niches, and its antagonists may be useful for the leukemia treatment in addition to the traditional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao He
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilu Xu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xie
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuo Yu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junke Zheng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Kitchen GB, Hopwood T, Gali Ramamoorthy T, Downton P, Begley N, Hussell T, Dockrell DH, Gibbs JE, Ray DW, Loudon ASI. The histone methyltransferase Ezh2 restrains macrophage inflammatory responses. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21843. [PMID: 34464475 PMCID: PMC8573545 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100044rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Robust inflammatory responses are critical to survival following respiratory infection, with current attention focused on the clinical consequences of the Coronavirus pandemic. Epigenetic factors are increasingly recognized as important determinants of immune responses, and EZH2 is a prominent target due to the availability of highly specific and efficacious antagonists. However, very little is known about the role of EZH2 in the myeloid lineage. Here, we show EZH2 acts in macrophages to limit inflammatory responses to activation, and in neutrophils for chemotaxis. Selective genetic deletion in macrophages results in a remarkable gain in protection from infection with the prevalent lung pathogen, pneumococcus. In contrast, neutrophils lacking EZH2 showed impaired mobility in response to chemotactic signals, and resulted in increased susceptibility to pneumococcus. In summary, EZH2 shows complex, and divergent roles in different myeloid lineages, likely contributing to the earlier conflicting reports. Compounds targeting EZH2 are likely to impair mucosal immunity; however, they may prove useful for conditions driven by pulmonary neutrophil influx, such as adult respiratory distress syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth B. Kitchen
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchesterUK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
| | - Thomas Hopwood
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchesterUK
| | - Thanuja Gali Ramamoorthy
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchesterUK
| | - Polly Downton
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchesterUK
| | - Nicola Begley
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchesterUK
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchesterUK
| | - David H. Dockrell
- Department of Infection Medicine and MRC Centre for Inflammation ResearchUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Julie E. Gibbs
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchesterUK
| | - David W. Ray
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Andrew S. I. Loudon
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences CentreManchesterUK
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Leão Batista Simões J, Fornari Basso H, Cristine Kosvoski G, Gavioli J, Marafon F, Elias Assmann C, Barbosa Carvalho F, Dulce Bagatini M. Targeting purinergic receptors to suppress the cytokine storm induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection in pulmonary tissue. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108150. [PMID: 34537482 PMCID: PMC8435372 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The etiological agent of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is the new member of the Coronaviridae family, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the pandemic that is plaguing the world. The single-stranded RNA virus is capable of infecting the respiratory tract, by binding the spike (S) protein on its viral surface to receptors for the angiotensin II-converting enzyme (ACE2), highly expressed in the pulmonary tissue, enabling the interaction of the virus with alveolar epithelial cells promoting endocytosis and replication of viral material. The infection triggers the activation of the immune system, increased purinergic signaling, and the release of cytokines as a defense mechanism, but the response can become exaggerated and prompt the so-called “cytokine storm”, developing cases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). This is characterized by fever, cough, and difficulty breathing, which can progress to pneumonia, failure of different organs and death. Thus, the present review aims to compile and correlate the mechanisms involved between the immune and purinergic systems with COVID-19, since the modulation of purinergic receptors, such as A2A, A2B, and P2X7 expressed by immune cells, seems to be effective as a promising therapy, to reduce the severity of the disease, as well as aid in the treatment of acute lung diseases and other cases of generalized inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jullye Gavioli
- Medical School, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Filomena Marafon
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Charles Elias Assmann
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences: Toxicological Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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36
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Humphries DC, Mills R, Dobie R, Henderson NC, Sethi T, Mackinnon AC. Selective Myeloid Depletion of Galectin-3 Offers Protection Against Acute and Chronic Lung Injury. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:715986. [PMID: 34526900 PMCID: PMC8435800 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.715986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is an immune regulator and an important driver of fibrosis in chronic lung injury, however, its role in acute lung injury (ALI) remains unknown. Previous work has shown that global deletion of galectin-3 reduces collagen deposition in a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model (MacKinnon et al., Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 2012, 185, 537–46). An inhaled Gal-3 inhibitor, GB0139, is undergoing Phase II clinical development for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This work aims to elucidate the role of Gal-3 in the myeloid and mesenchymal compartment on the development of acute and chronic lung injury. Methods:LgalS3fl/fl mice were generated and crossed with mice expressing the myeloid (LysM) and mesenchymal (Pdgfrb) cre drivers to yield LysM-cre+/-/LgalS3fl/fl and Pdgfrb-cre+/-/LgalS3fl/fl mice. The response to acute (bleomycin or LPS) or chronic (bleomycin) lung injury was compared to globally deficient Gal-3−/− mice. Results: Myeloid depletion of Gal-3 led to a significant reduction in Gal-3 expression in alveolar macrophages and neutrophils and a reduction in neutrophil recruitment into the interstitium but not into the alveolar space. The reduction in interstitial neutrophils corelated with decreased levels of pulmonary inflammation following acute bleomycin and LPS administration. In addition, myeloid deletion decreased Gal-3 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and reduced lung fibrosis induced by chronic bleomycin. In contrast, no differences in BAL Gal-3 levels or fibrosis were observed in Pdgfrb-cre+/-/LgalS3fl/flmice. Conclusions: Myeloid cell derived Galectin-3 drives acute and chronic lung inflammation and supports direct targeting of galectin-3 as an attractive new therapy for lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan C Humphries
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ross Mills
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ross Dobie
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alison C Mackinnon
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Galecto Inc, Copenhagen, Denmark
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37
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Maternal Neutrophil Depletion Fails to Avert Systemic Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Early Pregnancy Defects in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157932. [PMID: 34360700 PMCID: PMC8347248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal infection-induced early pregnancy complications arise from perturbation of the immune environment at the uterine early blastocyst implantation site (EBIS), yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated in a mouse model that the progression of normal pregnancy from days 4 to 6 induced steady migration of leukocytes away from the uterine decidual stromal zone (DSZ) that surrounds the implanted blastocyst. Uterine macrophages were found to be CD206+ M2-polarized. While monocytes were nearly absent in the DSZ, DSZ cells were found to express monocyte marker protein Ly6C. Systemic endotoxic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure on day 5 of pregnancy led to: (1) rapid (at 2 h) induction of neutrophil chemoattractants that promoted huge neutrophil infiltrations at the EBISs by 24 h; (2) rapid (at 2 h) elevation of mRNA levels of MyD88, but not Trif, modulated cytokines at the EBISs; and (3) dose-dependent EBIS defects by day 7 of pregnancy. Yet, elimination of maternal neutrophils using anti-Ly6G antibody prior to LPS exposure failed to avert LPS-induced EBIS defects allowing us to suggest that activation of Tlr4-MyD88 dependent inflammatory pathway is involved in LPS-induced defects at EBISs. Thus, blocking the activation of the Tlr4-MyD88 signaling pathway may be an interesting approach to prevent infection-induced pathology at EBISs.
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38
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Shi ZA, Yu CX, Wu ZC, Chen CL, Tu FP, Wan Y. The effect of FTY720 at different doses and time-points on LPS-induced acute lung injury in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:107972. [PMID: 34298401 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We sought to assess the protective effect of different doses of Fingolimod (FTY720) in a rat model of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and explored the underlying mechanisms. The ALI model was established in rats and different doses of FTY720 (0.1 mg/kg, 0.2 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, or 2 mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally. Lung computed tomography and blood gas analyses were performed at 6 h, 24 h, and 48 h after intraperitoneal injection, and the lung tissues were extracted to prepare paraffin sections for histopathological examination. The levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) were detected by ELISA, and the expressions of inflammatory pathway proteins in each group were measured by Western blot analysis. A single intraperitoneal injection of FTY720 inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB activation, reduced the level of inflammatory cytokines, and decreased the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Moreover, it alleviated lung tissue injury, as shown by marked attenuation of pulmonary oedema and improved arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and the general condition of ALI rats. In conclusion, our results demonstrate the protective effect of FTY720 against LPS-induced ALI. The underlying mechanism of the protective effect may involve inhibition of LPS-induced activation of NF-κB and regulation of the inflammatory pathway to alleviate barrier dysfunction of alveolar capillaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-An Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China; North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | | | - Zhi-Chao Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | | | - Fa-Ping Tu
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yong Wan
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
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39
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Li W, Zhao X, Yu TT, Hao W, Wang GG. Knockout of PKC θ gene attenuates oleic acid-induced acute lung injury via reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:986-991. [PMID: 34712430 PMCID: PMC8528254 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.56908.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute respiratory distress syndrome resulting from acute lung injury has become a momentous clinical concern because of high morbidity and mortality in discharged patients with pulmonary and nonpulmonary diseases. This study aimed to explore the effect of protein kinase C (PKC) θ gene knockout on acute lung injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wt and PKC θ gene knockout mice were intravenously injected with oleic acid to induce acute lung injury. Pulmonary capillary permeability was assessed via measuring lung wet/dry weight ratio and level of protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Histological changes were used to examine acute lung injury. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in serum, together with inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), were determined. Furthermore, the expressions of heme oxygenase (HO)-1, nuclear factor kappa B (NF κB), and inhibitor of NF-κB alpha (IκB α) were detected in the lungs. RESULTS PKC θ gene knockout decreased lung wet/dry weight ratio, reduced levels of MDA, IL-6, and TNF-α in serum together with level of protein in BALF. Furthermore, PKC θ gene knockout increased the activities of SOD. Knockout of PKC θ was also observed to increase expression of HO-1 and reduce levels of p-NF κB and p-IKB α in the lungs. CONCLUSION These results suggest that PKC θ gene knockout attenuates oleic acid-induced acute lung injury via improving oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yu
- Experimental Center for Function Subjects, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Wei Hao
- Experimental Center for Function Subjects, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Guo-Guang Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China,Corresponding author: Guo-Guang Wang. Department of Pathophysiology, Wannan Medical College, No. 22 Wenchang Road, Wuhu 241002, Anhui, China. Tel: +86-5533932476; Fax: +86-5533932476;
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40
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Feng Z, Zhou J, Liu Y, Xia R, Li Q, Yan L, Chen Q, Chen X, Jiang Y, Chao G, Wang M, Zhou G, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Xia H. Epithelium- and endothelium-derived exosomes regulate the alveolar macrophages by targeting RGS1 mediated calcium signaling-dependent immune response. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:2238-2256. [PMID: 33753901 PMCID: PMC8257848 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00750-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AM) maintain airway immune balance; however, the regulation of heterogeneity of AMs is incompletely understood. We demonstrate that RGS1 coregulates the immunophenotype of AM subpopulations, including pro- and anti-inflammatory, injury- and repair-associated, and pro- and antifibrotic phenotypes, through the PLC-IP3R signal-dependent intracellular Ca2+ response. Flt3+ AMs and Tie2+ AMs had different immune properties, and RGS1 expression in the cells was targeted by exosomes (EXOs) containing miR-223 and miR-27b-3p that were derived from vascular endothelial cells (EnCs) and type II alveolar epithelial cells (EpCs-II), respectively. Imbalance of AMs was correlated with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) and pulmonary fibrosis (PF) caused a lack of secretion of CD31+ and CD74+ EXOs derived from EnCs and EpCs-II. Timely treatment with EXOs significantly improved endotoxin-induced ALI/ARDS and bleomycin-induced PF in mice. Thus, EnC- and EpC-II-derived EXOs regulate the immune balance of AMs and can be used as potential therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunyong Feng
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Sir Run Run Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine & Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.443626.10000 0004 1798 4069Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College & Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Southeast University-Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- grid.443626.10000 0004 1798 4069Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College & Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yinhua Liu
- grid.443626.10000 0004 1798 4069Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College & Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Ruixue Xia
- grid.459620.cDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qiang Li
- grid.443626.10000 0004 1798 4069Department of Anatomy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Liang Yan
- grid.443626.10000 0004 1798 4069Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Qun Chen
- grid.452929.1Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- grid.414008.90000 0004 1799 4638Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- grid.411870.b0000 0001 0063 8301Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Gao Chao
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243Department of Microsurgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ming Wang
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guoren Zhou
- grid.452509.f0000 0004 1764 4566Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- grid.459620.cDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- grid.428392.60000 0004 1800 1685Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongping Xia
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Sir Run Run Hospital & State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine & Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of National Health Commission, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.443626.10000 0004 1798 4069Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College & Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Southeast University-Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China ,grid.459620.cDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng, China ,grid.452509.f0000 0004 1764 4566Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
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Vidaillac C, Chotirmall SH. Pseudomonas aeruginosa in bronchiectasis: infection, inflammation, and therapies. Expert Rev Respir Med 2021; 15:649-662. [PMID: 33736539 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2021.1906225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Bronchiectasis is a chronic endobronchial suppurative disease characterized by irreversibly dilated bronchi damaged by repeated polymicrobial infections and predominantly, neutrophilic airway inflammation. Some consider bronchiectasis a syndromic consequence of several different causes whilst others view it as an individual disease entity. In most patients, identifying an underlying cause remains challenging. The acquisition and colonization of affected airways by Pseudomonas aeruginosa represent a critical and adverse clinical consequence for its progression and management.Areas covered: In this review, we outline clinical and pre-clinical peer-reviewed research published in the last 5 years, focusing on the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis and the role of P. aeruginosa and its virulence in shaping host inflammatory and immune responses in the airway. We further detail its role in airway infection, the lung microbiome, and address therapeutic options in bronchiectasis.Expert opinion: P. aeruginosa represents a key pulmonary pathogen in bronchiectasis that causes acute and/or chronic airway infection. Eradication can prevent adverse clinical consequence and/or disease progression. Novel therapeutic strategies are emerging and include combination-based approaches. Addressing airway infection caused by P. aeruginosa in bronchiectasis is necessary to prevent airway damage, loss of lung function and exacerbations, all of which contribute to adverse clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Vidaillac
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Center for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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42
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Abouelfetouh MM, Salah E, Ding M, Ding Y. Application of α 2 -adrenergic agonists combined with anesthetics and their implication in pulmonary intravascular macrophages-insulted pulmonary edema and hypoxemia in ruminants. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2021; 44:478-502. [PMID: 33709435 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alpha2 -adrenergic agonists have been implicated in the development of pulmonary edema (PE) and sustained hypoxemia that lead to life-threatening pulmonary distress in ruminants, especially with sensitive and compromised animals. Recently, there is limited understanding of exact mechanism underlying pulmonary alterations associated with α2 -adrenergic agonist administration. Ruminants have a rich population of pulmonary intravascular macrophages (PIMs) in the pulmonary circulation, which may be involved in the development of pulmonary alveolo-capillary barrier damage. Hence, the central thesis of this review is overviewing the literatures regarding the systemic use of α2 -adrenergic agonists in domestic ruminants, focusing on their pulmonary side effects, especially on the influence of PIMs on the lung. At this moment, further studies are needed to provide a clear emphasis and better understanding of the potential role of PIMs in the lung pathophysiology associated with α2 -adrenergic agonists. These preliminary studies would be potentially to develop future medications and intervention targets that may be helpful to alleviate or prevent the critical striking pulmonary effects, and thereby improving the safety of α2 -agonist application in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Abouelfetouh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Surgery, Radiology and Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Eman Salah
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Mingxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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43
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Soare AY, Freeman TL, Min AK, Malik HS, Osota EO, Swartz TH. P2RX7 at the Host-Pathogen Interface of Infectious Diseases. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2021; 85:e00055-20. [PMID: 33441488 PMCID: PMC7849353 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00055-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor (P2RX7) is an important molecule that functions as a danger sensor, detecting extracellular nucleotides from injured cells and thus signaling an inflammatory program to nearby cells. It is expressed in immune cells and plays important roles in pathogen surveillance and cell-mediated responses to infectious organisms. There is an abundance of literature on the role of P2RX7 in inflammatory diseases and the role of these receptors in host-pathogen interactions. Here, we describe the current knowledge of the role of P2RX7 in the host response to a variety of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and helminths. We describe in vitro and in vivo evidence for the critical role these receptors play in mediating and modulating immune responses. Our observations indicate a role for P2X7 signaling in sensing damage-associated molecular patterns released by nearby infected cells to facilitate immunopathology or protection. In this review, we describe how P2RX7 signaling can play critical roles in numerous cells types in response to a diverse array of pathogens in mediating pathogenesis and immunity to infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Y Soare
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tracey L Freeman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alice K Min
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hagerah S Malik
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth O Osota
- University of California San Diego, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Talia H Swartz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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44
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Dagvadorj J, Mikulska-Ruminska K, Tumurkhuu G, Ratsimandresy RA, Carriere J, Andres AM, Marek-Iannucci S, Song Y, Chen S, Lane M, Dorfleutner A, Gottlieb RA, Stehlik C, Cassel S, Sutterwala FS, Bahar I, Crother TR, Arditi M. Recruitment of pro-IL-1α to mitochondrial cardiolipin, via shared LC3 binding domain, inhibits mitophagy and drives maximal NLRP3 activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2015632118. [PMID: 33361152 PMCID: PMC7817159 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015632118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The balance between NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mitophagy is essential for homeostasis and cellular health, but this relationship remains poorly understood. Here we found that interleukin-1α (IL-1α)-deficient macrophages have reduced caspase-1 activity and diminished IL-1β release, concurrent with reduced mitochondrial damage, suggesting a role for IL-1α in regulating this balance. LPS priming of macrophages induced pro-IL-1α translocation to mitochondria, where it directly interacted with mitochondrial cardiolipin (CL). Computational modeling revealed a likely CL binding motif in pro-IL-1α, similar to that found in LC3b. Thus, binding of pro-IL-1α to CL in activated macrophages may interrupt CL-LC3b-dependent mitophagy, leading to enhanced Nlrp3 inflammasome activation and more robust IL-1β production. Mutation of pro-IL-1α residues predicted to be involved in CL binding resulted in reduced pro-IL-1α-CL interaction, a reduction in NLRP3 inflammasome activity, and increased mitophagy. These data identify a function for pro-IL-1α in regulating mitophagy and the potency of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jargalsaikhan Dagvadorj
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Karolina Mikulska-Ruminska
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Gantsetseg Tumurkhuu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | | | - Jessica Carriere
- Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Allen M Andres
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Stefanie Marek-Iannucci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Department of Pediatrics. David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Malcolm Lane
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Andrea Dorfleutner
- Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Roberta A Gottlieb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Christian Stehlik
- Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Suzanne Cassel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Fayyaz S Sutterwala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213;
| | - Timothy R Crother
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048;
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Department of Pediatrics. David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048;
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Department of Pediatrics. David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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45
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Wu D, Zhang H, Wu Q, Li F, Wang Y, Liu S, Wang J. Sestrin 2 protects against LPS-induced acute lung injury by inducing mitophagy in alveolar macrophages. Life Sci 2020; 267:118941. [PMID: 33359748 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Acute lung injury (ALI) / acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a critical clinical syndrome with complex pathology and pathogenesis. Since there is no specific treatment for ALI, it is important to study the mechanism of how ALI develop. Sestrin2 (Sesn2) plays a critical role in the regulation of cellular stress response and oxidant defense. However, the potential function of Sesn2 in ALI/ARDS and the associated mechanism remains unclear. MAIN METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced ALI model was performed in the wild-type and Sesn2 knockout (Sesn2-/-) mice. The nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, cell pyroptosis and mitophagy were detected by western blots, immunofluorescent staining, flow cytometry. Lung injury were measured by histopathology and electron microscopy. KEY FINDINGS Knockout of Sesn2 enhanced LPS-induced ALI. As detailed in Sesn2-/- mice, NLRP3 inflammasome and cell pyroptosis were increased in lungs; IL-1β and IL-18 in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were further promoted; In the isolated alveolar macrophages from Sesn2-/- mice, mitophagy induced by LPS was markedly inhibited, while reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial damage and cell pyroptosis were enhanced. Knocking down or overexpressing Sensn2 in J774.A1 cells demonstrated Sesn2 promoted Sequestosome1 (SQSTM1) expression and mitophagy by PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (Pink1)/Parkin pathway. SIGNIFICANCE Sesn2 protected ALI by promoting mitophagy that exerts protection of AMs pyroptosis and negative regulation of NLRP3 inflammasomes. These data indicated Sesn2 might be a potential target for ALI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiuge Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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46
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Regulatory role of Gpr84 in the switch of alveolar macrophages from CD11b lo to CD11b hi status during lung injury process. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:892-907. [PMID: 32719411 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a kind of comprehensive disease with excessive inflammation and high clinical mortality. Multiple immune cells are involved in the ARDS process. Amongst these populations, lung-resident alveolar macrophages (AMs) are known to participate in the regulation of ARDS. GPR84, a metabolite-sensing GPCR sensing medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), is highly expressed in LPS-challenged macrophages and considered as a pro-inflammatory receptor. In this study, it was hypothesized that Gpr84 may be involved in pulmonary homeostasis via its regulatory effect on the switch of AM status. In LPS-induced ALI mouse model, we identified the internal LPS-induced switch of AMs from CD11blo to more inflamed CD11bhi status, which is deeply related to the exacerbated imbalance of homeostasis in the lung injury process. Gpr84 was highly expressed in ALI lung tissues and involved in cytokine release, phagocytosis and status switch of AMs through positive regulatory crosstalk with TLR4-related pathways via CD14 and LBP, which relied on Akt, Erk1/2, and STAT3. If conserved in humans, GPR84 may represent a potential therapeutic target for ARDS.
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47
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Feng B, Zhu J, Xu Y, Chen W, Sheng X, Feng X, Shi X, Liu J, Pan Q, Yang J, Yu J, Li L, Cao H. Immunosuppressive effects of mesenchymal stem cells on lung B cell gene expression in LPS-induced acute lung injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:418. [PMID: 32977837 PMCID: PMC7517809 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune system disorders play important roles in acute lung injury (ALI), and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment can reduce inflammation during ALI. In this study, we compared the changes in lung B cells during MSC treatment. Methods We investigated the effects of MSCs on lung B cells in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. MSCs were administered intratracheally 4 h after LPS. As vehicle-treated controls, mice were treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 2% C57BL/6 (PBS group). Histopathological changes, survival rate, inflammatory factor levels, and the number of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) analysis was performed to evaluate the transcriptional changes in lung B cells between the PBS, LPS, and LPS/MSC groups on days 3 and 7. Results MSC treatment ameliorated LPS-induced ALI, as indicated by the reductions in mortality, the levels of chemokines and cytokines in BALF, and the severity of lung tissue histopathology in ALI mice. Lung B cells in the PBS group remained undifferentiated and had an inhibitory phenotype. Based on our scRNA-Seq results, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in lung B cells in both the PBS group and LPS group were involved in chemotaxis processes and some proinflammatory pathways. MSC treatment inhibited the expression of chemokine genes that were upregulated by LPS and were related to the recruitment of neutrophils into lung tissues. Immunoglobulin-related gene expression was decreased in lung B cells of mice treated with LPS/MSC for 7 days. The DEGs regulated by MSCs were enriched in biological processes, including humoral immune response and apoptotic signaling. Conclusions Lung B cells played an important role in the effects of treatment of ALI with MSCs. These observations provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the effects of MSC treatment for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Feng
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Yanping Xu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Wenyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Xinyu Sheng
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Xudong Feng
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Xiaowei Shi
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Jingqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Qiaoling Pan
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Jinfeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Jiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou City, 310003, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou City, 310003, China
| | - Hongcui Cao
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou City, 310003, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou City, 310003, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases, 79 Qingchun Rd, Hangzhou City, 310003, China.
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Axl Deficiency Promotes the Neuroinvasion of Japanese Encephalitis Virus by Enhancing IL-1α Production from Pyroptotic Macrophages. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00602-20. [PMID: 32611752 PMCID: PMC7431807 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00602-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes Japanese encephalitis (JE), the most commonly diagnosed viral encephalitis worldwide. The fatality rate of JE is 20%, and nearly half of the surviving patients develop neuropsychiatric sequelae. Axl is a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays multiple roles in flaviviral infections. Currently, the involvement of Axl in JEV infection remains enigmatic. In this study, we demonstrate that Axl impedes the pathogenesis of severe JE in mice by maintaining blood-brain-barrier (BBB) integrity and restricting viral neuroinvasion. Furthermore, serum IL-1α is a key mediator of this process and is primarily released by JEV-infected pyroptotic macrophages to elicit BBB breakdown, while an IL-1α antagonist can effectively reduce the incidence of severe JE. Our work uncovers the protective role of Axl in antagonizing severe JE and shows that the use of an IL-1α antagonist may be a promising tactic to prevent severe JE. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a flavivirus that causes Japanese encephalitis (JE), which has an unclear pathogenesis. Despite vaccination, thousands of deaths attributed to JE are reported annually. In this study, we report that mice deficient for Axl, a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays multiple roles in flaviviral infection, displayed greater mortality upon JEV infection. The effect of Axl deficiency on JEV infection was mediated by markedly elevated serum interleukin-1α (IL-1α) levels, which devastated the blood-brain-barrier and promoted viral neuroinvasion within 24 h postinfection. Using an in situ infection model, we showed that dead macrophages were the primary source of observed increased serum IL-1α levels. Axl deficiency enhanced cell death and caused pyroptosis in 80% of JEV-infected macrophages by disrupting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling. Intriguingly, the primary effector released by pyroptotic macrophages in our model was IL-1α rather than IL-1β. Finally, we assessed the effect of an IL-1α antagonist and demonstrated that it effectively prevented the incidence of JE. Our results indicate that Axl plays a protective role in JEV infection, identify IL-1α released by pyroptotic macrophages as a crucial factor promoting JEV neuroinvasion, and suggest that an IL-1α antagonist may be a candidate for JE therapy. IMPORTANCE Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes Japanese encephalitis (JE), the most commonly diagnosed viral encephalitis worldwide. The fatality rate of JE is 20%, and nearly half of the surviving patients develop neuropsychiatric sequelae. Axl is a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays multiple roles in flaviviral infections. Currently, the involvement of Axl in JEV infection remains enigmatic. In this study, we demonstrate that Axl impedes the pathogenesis of severe JE in mice by maintaining blood-brain-barrier (BBB) integrity and restricting viral neuroinvasion. Furthermore, serum IL-1α is a key mediator of this process and is primarily released by JEV-infected pyroptotic macrophages to elicit BBB breakdown, while an IL-1α antagonist can effectively reduce the incidence of severe JE. Our work uncovers the protective role of Axl in antagonizing severe JE and shows that the use of an IL-1α antagonist may be a promising tactic to prevent severe JE.
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49
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Di Virgilio F, Tang Y, Sarti AC, Rossato M. A rationale for targeting the P2X7 receptor in Coronavirus disease 19. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:4990-4994. [PMID: 32441783 PMCID: PMC7280564 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe pneumonia which shares several of the features of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in Coronavirus disease 19 (Covid‐19) for which there is no effective treatment, so far. ARDS is caused and sustained by an uncontrolled inflammatory activation characterized by a massive release of cytokines (cytokine storm), diffuse lung oedema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and disseminated coagulation. Macrophage and T lymphocyte dysfunction plays a central role in this syndrome. In several experimental in vitro and in vivo models, many of these pathophysiological changes are triggered by stimulation of the P2X7 receptor. We hypothesize that this receptor might be an ideal candidate to target in Covid‐19‐associated severe pneumonia. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed issue on The Pharmacology of COVID‐19. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.21/issuetoc
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong Tang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Alba Clara Sarti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Rossato
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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50
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Wirsching E, Fauler M, Fois G, Frick M. P2 Purinergic Signaling in the Distal Lung in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4973. [PMID: 32674494 PMCID: PMC7404078 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The distal lung provides an intricate structure for gas exchange in mammalian lungs. Efficient gas exchange depends on the functional integrity of lung alveoli. The cells in the alveolar tissue serve various functions to maintain alveolar structure, integrity and homeostasis. Alveolar epithelial cells secrete pulmonary surfactant, regulate the alveolar surface liquid (ASL) volume and, together with resident and infiltrating immune cells, provide a powerful host-defense system against a multitude of particles, microbes and toxicants. It is well established that all of these cells express purinergic P2 receptors and that purinergic signaling plays important roles in maintaining alveolar homeostasis. Therefore, it is not surprising that purinergic signaling also contributes to development and progression of severe pathological conditions like pulmonary inflammation, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) and pulmonary fibrosis. Within this review we focus on the role of P2 purinergic signaling in the distal lung in health and disease. We recapitulate the expression of P2 receptors within the cells in the alveoli, the possible sources of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) within alveoli and the contribution of purinergic signaling to regulation of surfactant secretion, ASL volume and composition, as well as immune homeostasis. Finally, we summarize current knowledge of the role for P2 signaling in infectious pneumonia, ALI/ARDS and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Manfred Frick
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (E.W.); (M.F.); (G.F.)
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