1
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Iliopoulou M, Bajur AT, McArthur HCW, Gabai M, Coyle C, Ajao F, Köchl R, Cope AP, Spillane KM. Extracellular matrix rigidity modulates physical properties of subcapsular sinus macrophage-B cell immune synapses. Biophys J 2024; 123:2282-2300. [PMID: 37840242 PMCID: PMC11331050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Subcapsular sinus macrophages (SSMs) play a key role in immune defense by forming immunological barriers that control the transport of antigens from lymph into lymph node follicles. SSMs participate in antibody responses by presenting antigens directly to naive B cells and by supplying antigens to follicular dendritic cells to propagate germinal center reactions. Despite the prominent roles that SSMs play during immune responses, little is known about their cell biology because they are technically challenging to isolate and study in vitro. Here, we used multicolor fluorescence microscopy to identify lymph node-derived SSMs in culture. We focused on the role of SSMs as antigen-presenting cells, and found that their actin cytoskeleton regulates the spatial organization and mobility of multivalent antigens (immune complexes [ICs]) displayed on the cell surface. Moreover, we determined that SSMs are mechanosensitive cells that respond to changes in extracellular matrix rigidity by altering the architecture of the actin cytoskeleton, leading to changes in cell morphology, membrane topography, and IC mobility. Changes to extracellular matrix rigidity also modulate actin remodeling by both SSMs and B cells when they form an immune synapse. This alters synapse duration but not IC internalization nor NF-κB activation in the B cell. Taken together, our data reveal that the mechanical microenvironment may influence B cell responses by modulating physical characteristics of antigen presentation by SSMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maro Iliopoulou
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna T Bajur
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michael Gabai
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Coyle
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Favour Ajao
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Köchl
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P Cope
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katelyn M Spillane
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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2
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Thierry GR, Baudon EM, Bijnen M, Bellomo A, Lagueyrie M, Mondor I, Simonnet L, Carrette F, Fenouil R, Keshvari S, Hume DA, Dombrowicz D, Bajenoff M. Non-classical monocytes scavenge the growth factor CSF1 from endothelial cells in the peripheral vascular tree to ensure survival and homeostasis. Immunity 2024:S1074-7613(24)00354-6. [PMID: 39089257 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Unlike sessile macrophages that occupy specialized tissue niches, non-classical monocytes (NCMs)-circulating phagocytes that patrol and cleanse the luminal surface of the vascular tree-are characterized by constant movement. Here, we examined the nature of the NCM's nurturing niche. Expression of the growth factor CSF1 on endothelial cells was required for survival of NCMs in the bloodstream. Lack of endothelial-derived CSF1 did not affect blood CSF1 concentration, suggesting that NCMs rely on scavenging CSF1 present on endothelial cells. Deletion of the transmembrane chemokine and adhesion factor CX3CL1 on endothelial cells impaired NCM survival. Mechanistically, endothelial-derived CX3CL1 and integrin subunit alpha L (ITGAL) facilitated the uptake of CSF1 by NCMs. CSF1 was produced by all tissular endothelial cells, and deletion of Csf1 in all endothelial cells except bone marrow sinusoids impaired NCM survival, arguing for a model where the full vascular tree acts as a niche for NCMs and where survival and patrolling function are connected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilhem R Thierry
- Centre d'Immunologie Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ UM 2, CNRS UMR 7280, INSERM U1104, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Elisa M Baudon
- Centre d'Immunologie Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ UM 2, CNRS UMR 7280, INSERM U1104, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Mitchell Bijnen
- Centre d'Immunologie Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ UM 2, CNRS UMR 7280, INSERM U1104, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Alicia Bellomo
- Centre d'Immunologie Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ UM 2, CNRS UMR 7280, INSERM U1104, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Marine Lagueyrie
- Centre d'Immunologie Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ UM 2, CNRS UMR 7280, INSERM U1104, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle Mondor
- Centre d'Immunologie Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ UM 2, CNRS UMR 7280, INSERM U1104, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Louise Simonnet
- Centre d'Immunologie Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ UM 2, CNRS UMR 7280, INSERM U1104, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Florent Carrette
- Centre d'Immunologie Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ UM 2, CNRS UMR 7280, INSERM U1104, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Romain Fenouil
- Centre d'Immunologie Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ UM 2, CNRS UMR 7280, INSERM U1104, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Sahar Keshvari
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - David Dombrowicz
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Marc Bajenoff
- Centre d'Immunologie Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Univ UM 2, CNRS UMR 7280, INSERM U1104, 13009 Marseille, France.
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3
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Roet JEG, Morrison AI, Mikula AM, de Kok M, Panocha D, Roest HP, van der Laan LJW, de Winde CM, Mebius RE. Human lymph node fibroblastic reticular cells maintain heterogeneous characteristics in culture. iScience 2024; 27:110179. [PMID: 38989462 PMCID: PMC11233964 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are mesenchymal stromal cells in human lymph nodes (LNs) playing a pivotal role in adaptive immunity. Several FRC subsets have been identified, yet it remains to be elucidated if their heterogeneity is maintained upon culture. Here, we established a protocol to preserve and culture FRCs from human LNs and characterized their phenotypic profile in fresh LN suspensions and upon culture using multispectral flow cytometry. We found nine FRC subsets in fresh human LNs, independent of donor, of which four persisted in culture throughout several passages. Interestingly, the historically FRC-defining marker podoplanin (PDPN) was not present on all FRC subsets. Therefore, we propose that CD45negCD31neg human FRCs are not restricted by PDPN expression, as we found CD90, BST1, and CD146/MCAM to be more widely expressed. Together, our data provide insight into FRC heterogeneity in human LNs, enabling further investigation into the function of individual FRC subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna E G Roet
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Molecular Cell Biology & Immunology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew I Morrison
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Molecular Cell Biology & Immunology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aleksandra M Mikula
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Molecular Cell Biology & Immunology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology & Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael de Kok
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Molecular Cell Biology & Immunology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daphne Panocha
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Molecular Cell Biology & Immunology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology & Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henk P Roest
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Surgery, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Surgery, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte M de Winde
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Molecular Cell Biology & Immunology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology & Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reina E Mebius
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Molecular Cell Biology & Immunology, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology & Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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4
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Luo JM, Lin HB, Weng YQ, Lin YH, Lai LY, Li J, Li FX, Xu SY, Zhang HF, Zhao W. Inhibition of PARP1 improves cardiac function after myocardial infarction via up-regulated NLRC5. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 395:111010. [PMID: 38679114 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The incidence and mortality rate of myocardial infarction are increasing per year in China. The polarization of macrophages towards the classically activated macrophages (M1) phenotype is of utmost importance in the progression of inflammatory stress subsequent to myocardial infarction. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1(PARP1) is the ubiquitous and best characterized member of the PARP family, which has been reported to support macrophage polarization towards the pro-inflammatory phenotype. Yet, the role of PARP1 in myocardial ischemic injury remains to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that a myocardial infarction mouse model induced cardiac damage characterized by cardiac dysfunction and increased PARP1 expression in cardiac macrophages. Inhibition of PARP1 by the PJ34 inhibitors could effectively alleviate M1 macrophage polarization, reduce infarction size, decrease inflammation and rescue the cardiac function post-MI in mice. Mechanistically, the suppression of PARP1 increase NLRC5 gene expression, and thus inhibits the NF-κB pathway, thereby decreasing the production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α. Inhibition of NLRC5 promote infection by effectively abolishing the influence of this mechanism discussed above. Interestingly, inhibition of NLRC5 promotes cardiac macrophage polarization toward an M1 phenotype but without having major effects on M2 macrophages. Our results demonstrate that inhibition of PARP1 increased NLRC5 gene expression, thereby suppressing M1 polarization, improving cardiac function, decreasing infarct area and attenuating inflammatory injury. The aforementioned findings provide new insights into the proinflammatory mechanisms that drive macrophage polarization following myocardial infarction, thereby introducing novel potential targets for future therapeutic interventions in individuals affected by myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ming Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong-Bin Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ya-Qian Weng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying-Hui Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lu-Ying Lai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Feng-Xian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shi-Yuan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong-Fei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China.
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5
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Sun J, Peterson EA, Chen X, Wang J. ptx3a + fibroblast/epicardial cells provide a transient macrophage niche to promote heart regeneration. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114092. [PMID: 38607913 PMCID: PMC11092985 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages conduct critical roles in heart repair, but the niche required to nurture and anchor them is poorly studied. Here, we investigated the macrophage niche in the regenerating heart. We analyzed cell-cell interactions through published single-cell RNA sequencing datasets and identified a strong interaction between fibroblast/epicardial (Fb/Epi) cells and macrophages. We further visualized the association of macrophages with Fb/Epi cells and the blockage of macrophage response without Fb/Epi cells in the regenerating zebrafish heart. Moreover, we found that ptx3a+ epicardial cells associate with reparative macrophages, and their depletion resulted in fewer reparative macrophages. Further, we identified csf1a expression in ptx3a+ cells and determined that pharmacological inhibition of the csf1a pathway or csf1a knockout blocked the reparative macrophage response. Moreover, we found that genetic overexpression of csf1a enhanced the reparative macrophage response with or without heart injury. Altogether, our studies illuminate a cardiac Fb/Epi niche, which mediates a beneficial macrophage response after heart injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Sun
- Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Peterson
- Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jinhu Wang
- Cardiology Division, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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6
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Horsnell HL, Cao WH, Belz GT, Mueller SN, Alexandre YO. The transcription factor SpiB regulates the fibroblastic reticular cell network and CD8 + T-cell responses in lymph nodes. Immunol Cell Biol 2024; 102:269-279. [PMID: 38441326 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) construct microanatomical niches that support lymph node (LN) homeostasis and coordination of immune responses. Transcription factors regulating the functionality of FRCs remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of the transcription factor SpiB that is expressed in LN FRCs. Conditional ablation of SpiB in FRCs impaired the FRC network in the T-cell zone of LNs, leading to reduced numbers of FRCs and altered homeostatic functions including reduced CCL21 and interleukin-7 expression. The size and cellularity of LNs remained intact in the absence of SpiB but the space between the reticular network increased, indicating that although FRCs were reduced in number they stretched to maintain network integrity. Following virus infection, antiviral CD8+ T-cell responses were impaired, suggesting a role for SpiB expression in FRCs in orchestrating immune responses. Together, our findings reveal a new role for SpiB as an important regulator of FRC functions and immunity in LNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry L Horsnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wang Hj Cao
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Queensland Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gabrielle T Belz
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- University of Queensland Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Scott N Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yannick O Alexandre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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7
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Rahmberg AR, Wu C, Shin T, Hong SG, Pei L, Markowitz TE, Hickman HD, Dunbar CE, Brenchley JM. Ongoing production of tissue-resident macrophages from hematopoietic stem cells in healthy adult macaques. Blood Adv 2024; 8:523-537. [PMID: 38048388 PMCID: PMC10835270 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Macrophages orchestrate tissue immunity from the initiation and resolution of antimicrobial immune responses to the repair of damaged tissue. Murine studies demonstrate that tissue-resident macrophages are a heterogenous mixture of yolk sac-derived cells that populate the tissue before birth, and bone marrow-derived replacements recruited in adult tissues at steady-state and in increased numbers in response to tissue damage or infection. How this translates to species that are constantly under immunologic challenge, such as humans, is unknown. To understand the ontogeny and longevity of tissue-resident macrophages in nonhuman primates (NHPs), we use a model of autologous hematopoietic stem progenitor cell (HSPC) transplantation with HSPCs genetically modified to be marked with clonal barcodes, allowing for subsequent analysis of clonal ontogeny. We study the contribution of HSPCs to tissue macrophages, their clonotypic profiles relative to leukocyte subsets in the peripheral blood, and their transcriptomic and epigenetic landscapes. We find that HSPCs contribute to tissue-resident macrophage populations in all anatomic sites studied. Macrophage clonotypic profiles are dynamic and overlap significantly with the clonal hierarchy of contemporaneous peripheral blood monocytes. Epigenetic and transcriptomic landscapes of HSPC-derived macrophages are similar to tissue macrophages isolated from NHPs that did not undergo transplantation. We also use in vivo bromodeoxyuridine infusions to monitor tissue macrophage turnover in NHPs that did not undergo transplantation and find evidence for macrophage turnover at steady state. These data demonstrate that the life span of most tissue-resident macrophages is limited and can be replenished continuously from HSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Rahmberg
- Division of Intramural Research, Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Chuanfeng Wu
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Taehoon Shin
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - So Gun Hong
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Luxin Pei
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Tovah E. Markowitz
- Integrated Data Sciences Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Heather D. Hickman
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Cynthia E. Dunbar
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jason M. Brenchley
- Division of Intramural Research, Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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8
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Ji S, Shi Y, Yin B. Macrophage barrier in the tumor microenvironment and potential clinical applications. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:74. [PMID: 38279145 PMCID: PMC10811890 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01424-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) constitutes a complex microenvironment comprising a diverse array of immune cells and stromal components. Within this intricate context, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) exhibit notable spatial heterogeneity. This heterogeneity contributes to various facets of tumor behavior, including immune response modulation, angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, and metastatic potential. This review summarizes the spatial distribution of macrophages in both the physiological environment and the TME. Moreover, this paper explores the intricate interactions between TAMs and diverse immune cell populations (T cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and other immune cells) within the TME. These bidirectional exchanges form a complex network of immune interactions that influence tumor immune surveillance and evasion strategies. Investigating TAM heterogeneity and its intricate interactions with different immune cell populations offers potential avenues for therapeutic interventions. Additionally, this paper discusses therapeutic strategies targeting macrophages, aiming to uncover novel approaches for immunotherapy. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Ji
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, China
| | - Yuqing Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenyang 10th People's Hospital, Shenyang, 110096, China
| | - Bo Yin
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, China.
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9
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Lucas CJ, Sheridan RM, Reynoso GV, Davenport BJ, McCarthy MK, Martin A, Hesselberth JR, Hickman HD, Tamburini BA, Morrison TE. Chikungunya virus infection disrupts lymph node lymphatic endothelial cell composition and function via MARCO. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e176537. [PMID: 38194268 PMCID: PMC11143926 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.176537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Infection with chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes disruption of draining lymph node (dLN) organization, including paracortical relocalization of B cells, loss of the B cell-T cell border, and lymphocyte depletion that is associated with infiltration of the LN with inflammatory myeloid cells. Here, we found that, during the first 24 hours of infection, CHIKV RNA accumulated in MARCO-expressing lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in both the floor and medullary LN sinuses. The accumulation of viral RNA in the LN was associated with a switch to an antiviral and inflammatory gene expression program across LN stromal cells, and this inflammatory response - including recruitment of myeloid cells to the LN - was accelerated by CHIKV-MARCO interactions. As CHIKV infection progressed, both floor and medullary LECs diminished in number, suggesting further functional impairment of the LN by infection. Consistent with this idea, antigen acquisition by LECs, a key function of LN LECs during infection and immunization, was reduced during pathogenic CHIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cormac J. Lucas
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology and
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Ryan M. Sheridan
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Glennys V. Reynoso
- Viral Immunity & Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, National Institutes of Allergy & Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Aspen Martin
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics and
| | - Jay R. Hesselberth
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics and
| | - Heather D. Hickman
- Viral Immunity & Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology & Microbiology, National Institutes of Allergy & Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Beth A.J. Tamburini
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology and
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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10
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Su F, Zhang Y, Maimaiti S, Chen S, Shen Y, Feng M, Guo Z, Tan L, He J. Mechanisms and characteristics of subcapsular sinus macrophages in tumor immunity: a narrative review. Transl Cancer Res 2023; 12:3779-3791. [PMID: 38192994 PMCID: PMC10774050 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-2032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objective Lymph nodes constitute an integral component of the secondary lymphoid organs, housing a diverse population of macrophages. Macrophages exhibit heterogeneity in terms of localization, phenotype and ontogeny. Recent evidence has established that subcapsular sinus macrophages (SCSMs) are the initial cells exposed to antigens from afferent lymph vessels, playing a crucial role in the host immune response against invading pathogens and tumor cells. In order to summarize the role and mechanisms of SCSM in tumor immunity, this study systematically reviews research on SCSMs in tumor immunity. Methods A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science to identify articles investigating clinical significance and mechanisms of SCSMs. Study eligibility was independently evaluated by two authors based on the assessment of titles, abstracts and full-texts. Key Content and Findings The narrative review included a total of 17 studies. Previous research consistently showed that a high level of SCSM in patients with various carcinomas is associated with a favorable long-term prognosis. SCSM acts as the front-line defender in antitumor activity, engaging in intricate communication with other immune cells. Moreover, SCSM could directly and indirectly modulate tumor immunity, and the integrity of SCSM layer is interrupted in disease status. Several studies explored the feasibility of targeting SCSM to activate immunity against tumors. However, the direct molecular interactions and alternation in signal pathway in the tumor immunity of SCSM are less well established in previous researches. Conclusions This narrative review underscores the critical role of SCSM in tumor immunity. Future studies should focus on the deeper mechanism underlying SCSMs and explore their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Su
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yutao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Shanglin Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaxing Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxiang Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijie Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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11
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Babaeijandaghi F, Kajabadi N, Long R, Tung LW, Cheung CW, Ritso M, Chang CK, Cheng R, Huang T, Groppa E, Jiang JX, Rossi FMV. DPPIV + fibro-adipogenic progenitors form the niche of adult skeletal muscle self-renewing resident macrophages. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8273. [PMID: 38092736 PMCID: PMC10719395 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult tissue-resident macrophages (RMs) are either maintained by blood monocytes or through self-renewal. While the presence of a nurturing niche is likely crucial to support the survival and function of self-renewing RMs, evidence regarding its nature is limited. Here, we identify fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) as the main source of colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) in resting skeletal muscle. Using parabiosis in combination with FAP-deficient transgenic mice (PdgfrαCreERT2 × DTA) or mice lacking FAP-derived CSF1 (PdgfrαCreERT2 × Csf1flox/null), we show that local CSF1 from FAPs is required for the survival of both TIM4- monocyte-derived and TIM4+ self-renewing RMs in adult skeletal muscle. The spatial distribution and number of TIM4+ RMs coincide with those of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV)+ FAPs, suggesting their role as CSF1-producing niche cells for self-renewing RMs. This finding identifies opportunities to precisely manipulate the function of self-renewing RMs in situ to further unravel their role in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Babaeijandaghi
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, BC, Canada.
- Altos Labs Inc, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Nasim Kajabadi
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - Reece Long
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - Lin Wei Tung
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - Chun Wai Cheung
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - Morten Ritso
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - Chih-Kai Chang
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - Ryan Cheng
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - Tiffany Huang
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - Elena Groppa
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, BC, Canada
| | - Jean X Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, TX, USA
| | - Fabio M V Rossi
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, BC, Canada.
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12
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Hume DA, Millard SM, Pettit AR. Macrophage heterogeneity in the single-cell era: facts and artifacts. Blood 2023; 142:1339-1347. [PMID: 37595274 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this spotlight, we review technical issues that compromise single-cell analysis of tissue macrophages, including limited and unrepresentative yields, fragmentation and generation of remnants, and activation during tissue disaggregation. These issues may lead to a misleading definition of subpopulations of macrophages and the expression of macrophage-specific transcripts by unrelated cells. Recognition of the technical limitations of single-cell approaches is required in order to map the full spectrum of tissue-resident macrophage heterogeneity and assess its biological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Susan M Millard
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Allison R Pettit
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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13
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Lucas CJ, Sheridan RM, Reynoso GV, Davenport BJ, McCarthy MK, Martin A, Hesselberth JR, Hickman HD, Tamburini BAJ, Morrison TE. Chikungunya virus infection disrupts lymph node lymphatic endothelial cell composition and function via MARCO. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.12.561615. [PMID: 37873393 PMCID: PMC10592756 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.12.561615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Infection with chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes disruption of draining lymph node (dLN) organization, including paracortical relocalization of B cells, loss of the B cell-T cell border, and lymphocyte depletion that is associated with infiltration of the LN with inflammatory myeloid cells. Here, we find that during the first 24 h of infection, CHIKV RNA accumulates in MARCO-expressing lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in both the floor and medullary LN sinuses. The accumulation of viral RNA in the LN was associated with a switch to an antiviral and inflammatory gene expression program across LN stromal cells, and this inflammatory response, including recruitment of myeloid cells to the LN, was accelerated by CHIKV-MARCO interactions. As CHIKV infection progressed, both floor and medullary LECs diminished in number, suggesting further functional impairment of the LN by infection. Consistent with this idea, we find that antigen acquisition by LECs, a key function of LN LECs during infection and immunization, was reduced during pathogenic CHIKV infection.
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14
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Pabst R, Debertin AS, Todt-Brenneke M, Herden A, Schmiedl A. The postnatal development of the compartments in human lymph nodes up to 15 years of age. Ann Anat 2023; 250:152140. [PMID: 37499700 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The postnatal development of normal human lymph nodes (LN) is largely unknown but is of relevance for intranodal desensitization and for comparison to lymphoma. Superficial inguinal lymphoid (LN) of 25 children (newborn up to 14 years) were studied by routine histology and immunohistology for T and B lymphocytes. The LN were obtained from the legal medicine department at necropsy. The cortex and medulla were identifiable in LN of children of less than 1 month of age. Later high endothelial venules as typical structures for the T cell area are present. Secondary follicles were obvious from 3 months of age onwards in lymph nodes of adolescents also the histology of the LN was similar to adults. The structural elements for an intranodal desensitization are given in human children. The normal development of LN structure is essential to identify pathology like lymphoma in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pabst
- Institute of Immunomorphology, Germany.
| | | | | | - A Herden
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - A Schmiedl
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Medical School Hannover, Germany
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15
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Angeli V, Lim HY. Biomechanical control of lymphatic vessel physiology and functions. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1051-1062. [PMID: 37264249 PMCID: PMC10469203 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ever-growing research on lymphatic biology has clearly identified lymphatic vessels as key players that maintain human health through their functional roles in tissue fluid homeostasis, immunosurveillance, lipid metabolism and inflammation. It is therefore not surprising that the list of human diseases associated with lymphatic malfunctions has grown larger, including issues beyond lymphedema, a pathology traditionally associated with lymphatic drainage insufficiency. Thus, the discovery of factors and pathways that can promote optimal lymphatic functions may offer new therapeutic options. Accumulating evidence indicates that aside from biochemical factors, biomechanical signals also regulate lymphatic vessel expansion and functions postnatally. Here, we review how mechanical forces induced by fluid shear stress affect the behavior and functions of lymphatic vessels and the mechanisms lymphatic vessels employ to sense and transduce these mechanical cues into biological signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Angeli
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Hwee Ying Lim
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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16
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D'Rozario J, Knoblich K, Lütge M, Shibayama CP, Cheng HW, Alexandre YO, Roberts D, Campos J, Dutton EE, Suliman M, Denton AE, Turley SJ, Boyd RL, Mueller SN, Ludewig B, Heng TSP, Fletcher AL. Fibroblastic reticular cells provide a supportive niche for lymph node-resident macrophages. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250355. [PMID: 36991561 PMCID: PMC10947543 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The lymph node (LN) is home to resident macrophage populations that are essential for immune function and homeostasis, but key factors controlling this niche are undefined. Here, we show that fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are an essential component of the LN macrophage niche. Genetic ablation of FRCs caused rapid loss of macrophages and monocytes from LNs across two in vivo models. Macrophages co-localized with FRCs in human LNs, and murine single-cell RNA-sequencing revealed that FRC subsets broadly expressed master macrophage regulator CSF1. Functional assays containing purified FRCs and monocytes showed that CSF1R signaling was sufficient to support macrophage development. These effects were conserved between mouse and human systems. These data indicate an important role for FRCs in maintaining the LN parenchymal macrophage niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D'Rozario
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Konstantin Knoblich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mechthild Lütge
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | | | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Yannick O Alexandre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Roberts
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joana Campos
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Emma E Dutton
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Muath Suliman
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alice E Denton
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Shannon J Turley
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard L Boyd
- Cartherics Pty Ltd, Hudson Institute for Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
| | - Scott N Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Tracy S P Heng
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Anne L Fletcher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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17
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Musrati MA, De Baetselier P, Movahedi K, Van Ginderachter JA. Ontogeny, functions and reprogramming of Kupffer cells upon infectious disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1238452. [PMID: 37691953 PMCID: PMC10485603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a vital metabolic organ that also performs important immune-regulatory functions. In the context of infections, the liver represents a target site for various pathogens, while also having an outstanding capacity to filter the blood from pathogens and to contain infections. Pathogen scavenging by the liver is primarily performed by its large and heterogeneous macrophage population. The major liver-resident macrophage population is located within the hepatic microcirculation and is known as Kupffer cells (KCs). Although other minor macrophages reside in the liver as well, KCs remain the best characterized and are the best well-known hepatic macrophage population to be functionally involved in the clearance of infections. The response of KCs to pathogenic insults often governs the overall severity and outcome of infections on the host. Moreover, infections also impart long-lasting, and rarely studied changes to the KC pool. In this review, we discuss current knowledge on the biology and the various roles of liver macrophages during infections. In addition, we reflect on the potential of infection history to imprint long-lasting effects on macrophages, in particular liver macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Amer Musrati
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Baetselier
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kiavash Movahedi
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Lab of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jo A. Van Ginderachter
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
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18
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Kapanadze T, Gamrekelashvili J, Sablotny S, Kijas D, Haller H, Schmidt-Ott K, Limbourg FP. CSF-1 and Notch signaling cooperate in macrophage instruction and tissue repair during peripheral limb ischemia. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1240327. [PMID: 37691936 PMCID: PMC10484478 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1240327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia causes an inflammatory response featuring monocyte-derived macrophages (MF) involved in angiogenesis and tissue repair. Angiogenesis and ischemic macrophage differentiation are regulated by Notch signaling via Notch ligand Delta-like 1 (Dll1). Colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) is an essential MF lineage factor, but its role in ischemic macrophage development and the interaction with Notch signaling is so far unclear. Using a mouse model of hind limb ischemia with CSF-1 inhibitor studies and Dll1 heterozygous mice we show that CSF-1 is induced in the ischemic niche by a subpopulation of stromal cells expressing podoplanin, which was paralleled by the development of ischemic macrophages. Inhibition of CSF-1 signaling with small molecules or blocking antibodies impaired macrophage differentiation but prolonged the inflammatory response, resulting in impaired perfusion recovery and tissue regeneration. Yet, despite high levels of CSF-1, macrophage maturation and perfusion recovery were impaired in mice with Dll1 haploinsufficiency, while inflammation was exaggerated. In vitro, CSF-1 was not sufficient to induce full MF differentiation from donor monocytes in the absence of recombinant DLL1, while the presence of DLL1 in a dose-dependent manner stimulated MF differentiation in combination with CSF-1. Thus, CSF-1 is an ischemic niche factor that cooperates with Notch signaling in a non-redundant fashion to instruct macrophage cell fate and maturation, which is required for ischemic perfusion recovery and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Kapanadze
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jaba Gamrekelashvili
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Sablotny
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dustin Kijas
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai Schmidt-Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian P. Limbourg
- Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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19
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Jung YJ, Lee Y, Kwon H, Kim HP, Kwon HS, Park E, Lee J, Kim YH, Maeng YS, Kwon JY. Decidual lymphatic endothelial cell-derived granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor induces M1 macrophage polarization via the NF-κB pathway in severe pre-eclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023; 90:e13744. [PMID: 37491916 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Direct interactions between macrophages and lymphatic vessels have been shown previously. In pre-eclampsia (PE), macrophages are dominantly polarized into a proinflammatory M1 phenotype and lymphangiogenesis is defective in the decidua. Here, we investigated whether decidual lymphatic endothelial cells (dLECs) affect macrophage polarization in PE. METHOD OF STUDY THP-1 macrophages were cocultured with dLECs or cultured in the conditioned medium (CM) of dLECs. Macrophage polarization was measured using flow cytometry. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) expression in dLECs was measured using qRT-PCR and ELISA. The activation of nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κ (NF-κB), an upstream signaling molecule of GM-CSF, was assessed by immunocytochemical localization of p65. Through GM-CSF knockdown and NF-κB inhibition in dLEC, we evaluated whether the GM-CSF/NF-κB pathway of PE dLEC affects decidual macrophage polarization. RESULTS The ratio of inflammatory M1 macrophages with HLA-DR+ /CD80+ markers significantly increased following coculturing with PE dLECs or culturing in PE dLEC CM, indicating that the PE dLEC-derived soluble factor acts in a paracrine manner. GM-CSF expression was significantly upregulated in PE dLECs. Recombinant human GM-CSF induced macrophage polarization toward an M1-like phenotype, whereas its knockdown in PE dLECs suppressed it, suggesting PE dLECs induce M1 macrophage polarization by secreting GM-CSF. The NF-κB p65 significantly increased in PE dLECs compared to the control, and pretreatment with an NF-κB inhibitor significantly suppressed GM-CSF production from PE dLECs. CONCLUSIONS In PE, dLECs expressing high levels of GM-CSF via the NF-κB-dependent pathway play a role in inducing decidual M1 macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ji Jung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Medical Life Science, Placenta-derived Stem Cell and Genomic Research Lab, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Medical Life Science, Placenta-derived Stem Cell and Genomic Research Lab, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Hayan Kwon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Medical Life Science, Placenta-derived Stem Cell and Genomic Research Lab, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Pyo Kim
- Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sung Kwon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhyang Park
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - JoonHo Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Medical Life Science, Placenta-derived Stem Cell and Genomic Research Lab, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Han Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Medical Life Science, Placenta-derived Stem Cell and Genomic Research Lab, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sun Maeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Medical Life Science, Placenta-derived Stem Cell and Genomic Research Lab, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Young Kwon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Medical Life Science, Placenta-derived Stem Cell and Genomic Research Lab, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
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20
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Gunnarsdottir FB, Briem O, Lindgren AY, Källberg E, Andersen C, Grenthe R, Rosenqvist C, Millrud CR, Wallgren M, Viklund H, Bexell D, Johansson ME, Hedenfalk I, Hagerling C, Leandersson K. Breast cancer associated CD169 + macrophages possess broad immunosuppressive functions but enhance antibody secretion by activated B cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1180209. [PMID: 37404831 PMCID: PMC10315498 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1180209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD169+ resident macrophages in lymph nodes of breast cancer patients are for unknown reasons associated with a beneficial prognosis. This contrasts CD169+ macrophages present in primary breast tumors (CD169+ TAMs), that correlate with a worse prognosis. We recently showed that these CD169+ TAMs were associated with tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) and Tregs in breast cancer. Here, we show that CD169+ TAMs can be monocyte-derived and express a unique mediator profile characterized by type I IFNs, CXCL10, PGE2 and inhibitory co-receptor expression pattern. The CD169+ monocyte-derived macrophages (CD169+ Mo-M) possessed an immunosuppressive function in vitro inhibiting NK, T and B cell proliferation, but enhanced antibody and IL6 secretion in activated B cells. Our findings indicate that CD169+ Mo-M in the primary breast tumor microenvironment are linked to both immunosuppression and TLS functions, with implications for future targeted Mo-M therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Björk Gunnarsdottir
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Oscar Briem
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Aida Yifter Lindgren
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Eva Källberg
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cajsa Andersen
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Robert Grenthe
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cassandra Rosenqvist
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Camilla Rydberg Millrud
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mika Wallgren
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hannah Viklund
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Daniel Bexell
- Translational Cancer Research, TCR, Medicon Village, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin E. Johansson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Hedenfalk
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Catharina Hagerling
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Leandersson
- Cancer Immunology, Department for Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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21
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Farahzadi R, Valipour B, Montazersaheb S, Fathi E. Targeting the stem cell niche micro-environment as therapeutic strategies in aging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1162136. [PMID: 37274742 PMCID: PMC10235764 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1162136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult stem cells (ASCs) reside throughout the body and support various tissue. Owing to their self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential, ASCs have the potential to be used in regenerative medicine. Their survival, quiescence, and activation are influenced by specific signals within their microenvironment or niche. In better words, the stem cell function is significantly influenced by various extrinsic signals derived from the niche. The stem cell niche is a complex and dynamic network surrounding stem cells that plays a crucial role in maintaining stemness. Studies on stem cell niche have suggested that aged niche contributes to the decline in stem cell function. Notably, functional loss of stem cells is highly associated with aging and age-related disorders. The stem cell niche is comprised of complex interactions between multiple cell types. Over the years, essential aspects of the stem cell niche have been revealed, including cell-cell contact, extracellular matrix interaction, soluble signaling factors, and biochemical and biophysical signals. Any alteration in the stem cell niche causes cell damage and affects the regenerative properties of the stem cells. A pristine stem cell niche might be essential for the proper functioning of stem cells and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. In this regard, niche-targeted interventions may alleviate problems associated with aging in stem cell behavior. The purpose of this perspective is to discuss recent findings in the field of stem cell aging, heterogeneity of stem cell niches, and impact of age-related changes on stem cell behavior. We further focused on how the niche affects stem cells in homeostasis, aging, and the progression of malignant diseases. Finally, we detail the therapeutic strategies for tissue repair, with a particular emphasis on aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Farahzadi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Valipour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Sarab Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sarab, Iran
| | - Soheila Montazersaheb
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ezzatollah Fathi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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22
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Arroz-Madeira S, Bekkhus T, Ulvmar MH, Petrova TV. Lessons of Vascular Specialization From Secondary Lymphoid Organ Lymphatic Endothelial Cells. Circ Res 2023; 132:1203-1225. [PMID: 37104555 PMCID: PMC10144364 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.322136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Secondary lymphoid organs, such as lymph nodes, harbor highly specialized and compartmentalized niches. These niches are optimized to facilitate the encounter of naive lymphocytes with antigens and antigen-presenting cells, enabling optimal generation of adaptive immune responses. Lymphatic vessels of lymphoid organs are uniquely specialized to perform a staggering variety of tasks. These include antigen presentation, directing the trafficking of immune cells but also modulating immune cell activation and providing factors for their survival. Recent studies have provided insights into the molecular basis of such specialization, opening avenues for better understanding the mechanisms of immune-vascular interactions and their applications. Such knowledge is essential for designing better treatments for human diseases given the central role of the immune system in infection, aging, tissue regeneration and repair. In addition, principles established in studies of lymphoid organ lymphatic vessel functions and organization may be applied to guide our understanding of specialization of vascular beds in other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Arroz-Madeira
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland (S.A.M., T.V.P.)
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Switzerland (S.A.M., T.V.P.)
| | - Tove Bekkhus
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Sweden (T.B., M.H.U.)
| | - Maria H. Ulvmar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Sweden (T.B., M.H.U.)
| | - Tatiana V. Petrova
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland (S.A.M., T.V.P.)
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Switzerland (S.A.M., T.V.P.)
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23
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Gurwicz N, Stoler-Barak L, Schwan N, Bandyopadhyay A, Meyer-Hermann M, Shulman Z. Tingible body macrophages arise from lymph node-resident precursors and uptake B cells by dendrites. J Exp Med 2023; 220:213834. [PMID: 36705667 PMCID: PMC9900388 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20222173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody affinity maturation depends on the formation of germinal centers (GCs) in lymph nodes. This process generates a massive number of apoptotic B cells, which are removed by a specialized subset of phagocytes, known as tingible body macrophages (TBMs). Although defects in these cells are associated with pathological conditions, the identity of their precursors and the dynamics of dying GC B cell disposal remained unknown. Here, we demonstrate that TBMs originate from pre-existing lymph node-resident precursors that enter the lymph node follicles in a GC-dependent manner. Intravital imaging shows that TBMs are stationary cells that selectively phagocytose GC B cells via highly dynamic protrusions and accommodate the final stages of B cell apoptosis. Cell-specific depletion and chimeric mouse models revealed that GC B cells drive TBM formation from bone marrow-derived precursors stationed within lymphoid organs prior to the immune challenge. Understanding TBM dynamics and function may explain the emergence of various antibody-mediated autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Gurwicz
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot, Israel
| | - Liat Stoler-Barak
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot, Israel
| | - Niklas Schwan
- Department of Systems Immunology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Arnab Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Systems Immunology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Meyer-Hermann
- Department of Systems Immunology and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research , Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig , Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ziv Shulman
- Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot, Israel
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24
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Grootveld AK, Kyaw W, Panova V, Lau AWY, Ashwin E, Seuzaret G, Dhenni R, Bhattacharyya ND, Khoo WH, Biro M, Mitra T, Meyer-Hermann M, Bertolino P, Tanaka M, Hume DA, Croucher PI, Brink R, Nguyen A, Bannard O, Phan TG. Apoptotic cell fragments locally activate tingible body macrophages in the germinal center. Cell 2023; 186:1144-1161.e18. [PMID: 36868219 PMCID: PMC7614509 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) that form within lymphoid follicles during antibody responses are sites of massive cell death. Tingible body macrophages (TBMs) are tasked with apoptotic cell clearance to prevent secondary necrosis and autoimmune activation by intracellular self antigens. We show by multiple redundant and complementary methods that TBMs derive from a lymph node-resident, CD169-lineage, CSF1R-blockade-resistant precursor that is prepositioned in the follicle. Non-migratory TBMs use cytoplasmic processes to chase and capture migrating dead cell fragments using a "lazy" search strategy. Follicular macrophages activated by the presence of nearby apoptotic cells can mature into TBMs in the absence of GCs. Single-cell transcriptomics identified a TBM cell cluster in immunized lymph nodes which upregulated genes involved in apoptotic cell clearance. Thus, apoptotic B cells in early GCs trigger activation and maturation of follicular macrophages into classical TBMs to clear apoptotic debris and prevent antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail K Grootveld
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Wunna Kyaw
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Veera Panova
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Angelica W Y Lau
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emily Ashwin
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Guillaume Seuzaret
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Département de Biologie, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Rama Dhenni
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Weng Hua Khoo
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maté Biro
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science Node, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tanmay Mitra
- Department of Systems Biology and Braunschweig Integrated Center for Systems Biology (BRICS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Rebenring 56, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Meyer-Hermann
- Department of Systems Biology and Braunschweig Integrated Center for Systems Biology (BRICS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Rebenring 56, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Patrick Bertolino
- Centenary Institute and University of Sydney, AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Masato Tanaka
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter I Croucher
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert Brink
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Akira Nguyen
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Oliver Bannard
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Tri Giang Phan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Healthcare Clinical Campus, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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25
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Reynoso GV, Gordon DN, Kalia A, Aguilar CC, Malo CS, Aleshnick M, Dowd KA, Cherry CR, Shannon JP, Vrba SM, Holmes AC, Alippe Y, Maciejewski S, Asano K, Diamond MS, Pierson TC, Hickman HD. Zika virus spreads through infection of lymph node-resident macrophages. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112126. [PMID: 36795561 PMCID: PMC10425566 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To disseminate through the body, Zika virus (ZIKV) is thought to exploit the mobility of myeloid cells, in particular monocytes and dendritic cells. However, the timing and mechanisms underlying shuttling of the virus by immune cells remains unclear. To understand the early steps in ZIKV transit from the skin, at different time points, we spatially mapped ZIKV infection in lymph nodes (LNs), an intermediary site en route to the blood. Contrary to prevailing hypotheses, migratory immune cells are not required for the virus to reach the LNs or blood. Instead, ZIKV rapidly infects a subset of sessile CD169+ macrophages in the LNs, which release the virus to infect downstream LNs. Infection of CD169+ macrophages alone is sufficient to initiate viremia. Overall, our experiments indicate that macrophages that reside in the LNs contribute to initial ZIKV spread. These studies enhance our understanding of ZIKV dissemination and identify another anatomical site for potential antiviral intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glennys V Reynoso
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David N Gordon
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases (LVD), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anurag Kalia
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia C Aguilar
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Courtney S Malo
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maya Aleshnick
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases (LVD), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly A Dowd
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases (LVD), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christian R Cherry
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John P Shannon
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sophia M Vrba
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Autumn C Holmes
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yael Alippe
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sonia Maciejewski
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases (LVD), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenichi Asano
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Theodore C Pierson
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases (LVD), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Heather D Hickman
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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26
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Bautista CA, Srikumar A, Tichy ED, Qian G, Jiang X, Qin L, Mourkioti F, Dyment NA. CD206+ tendon resident macrophages and their potential crosstalk with fibroblasts and the ECM during tendon growth and maturation. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1122348. [PMID: 36909235 PMCID: PMC9992419 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1122348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Resident macrophages exist in a variety of tissues, including tendon, and play context-specific roles in their tissue of residence. In this study, we define the spatiotemporal distribution and phenotypic profile of tendon resident macrophages and their crosstalk with neighboring tendon fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix (ECM) during murine tendon development, growth, and homeostasis. Fluorescent imaging of cryosections revealed that F4/80+ tendon resident macrophages reside adjacent to Col1a1-CFP+ Scx-GFP+ fibroblasts within the tendon fascicle from embryonic development (E15.5) into adulthood (P56). Through flow cytometry and qPCR, we found that these tendon resident macrophages express several well-known macrophage markers, including Adgre1 (F4/80), Mrc1 (CD206), Lyve1, and Folr2, but not Ly-6C, and express the Csf1r-EGFP ("MacGreen") reporter. The proportion of Csf1r-EGFP+ resident macrophages in relation to the total cell number increases markedly during early postnatal growth, while the density of macrophages per mm2 remains constant during this same time frame. Interestingly, proliferation of resident macrophages is higher than adjacent fibroblasts, which likely contributes to this increase in macrophage proportion. The expression profile of tendon resident macrophages also changes with age, with increased pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression in P56 compared to P14 macrophages. In addition, the expression profile of limb tendon resident macrophages diverges from that of tail tendon resident macrophages, suggesting differential phenotypes across anatomically and functionally different tendons. As macrophages are known to communicate with adjacent fibroblasts in other tissues, we conducted ligand-receptor analysis and found potential two-way signaling between tendon fibroblasts and resident macrophages. Tendon fibroblasts express high levels of Csf1, which encodes macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) that acts on the CSF1 receptor (CSF1R) on macrophages. Importantly, Csf1r-expressing resident macrophages preferentially localize to Csf1-expressing fibroblasts, supporting the "nurturing scaffold" model for tendon macrophage patterning. Lastly, we found that tendon resident macrophages express high levels of ECM-related genes, including Mrc1 (mannose receptor), Lyve1 (hyaluronan receptor), Lair1 (type I collagen receptor), Ctss (elastase), and Mmp13 (collagenase), and internalize DQ Collagen in explant cultures. Overall, our study provides insights into the potential roles of tendon resident macrophages in regulating fibroblast phenotype and the ECM during tendon growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. Bautista
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of PA, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of PA, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anjana Srikumar
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of PA, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elisia D. Tichy
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of PA, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Grace Qian
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of PA, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xi Jiang
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of PA, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ling Qin
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of PA, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Foteini Mourkioti
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of PA, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PA, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Musculoskeletal Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PA, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nathaniel A. Dyment
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of PA, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of PA, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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27
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CD169 + Macrophages in Primary Breast Tumors Associate with Tertiary Lymphoid Structures, T regs and a Worse Prognosis for Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041262. [PMID: 36831605 PMCID: PMC9954705 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of CD169+ macrophages in the draining lymph nodes of cancer patients is, for unknown reasons, associated with a beneficial prognosis. We here investigated the prognostic impact of tumor-infiltrating CD169+ macrophages in primary tumors (PTs) and their spatial relation to tumor-infiltrating B and T cells. Using two breast cancer patient cohorts, we show that CD169+ macrophages were spatially associated with the presence of B and T cell tertiary lymphoid-like structures (TLLSs) in both PTs and lymph node metastases (LNMs). While co-infiltration of CD169+/TLLS in PTs correlated with a worse prognosis, the opposite was found when present in LNMs. RNA sequencing of breast tumors further confirmed that SIGLEC1 (CD169) expression was associated with mature tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS), and Treg and Breg signatures. We propose that the negative prognostic value related to CD169+ macrophages in PTs is a consequence of an immunosuppressive tumor environment rich in TLSs, Tregs and Bregs.
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28
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Takeda A, Salmi M, Jalkanen S. Lymph node lymphatic endothelial cells as multifaceted gatekeepers in the immune system. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:72-86. [PMID: 36463086 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell technologies have recently allowed the identification of multiple lymphatic endothelial cell (LEC) subsets in subcapsular, paracortical, medullary, and other lymph node (LN) sinus systems in mice and humans. New analyses show that LECs serve key immunological functions in the LN stroma during immune responses. We discuss the roles of different LEC types in guiding leukocyte and cancer cell trafficking to and from the LN parenchyma, in capturing microbes, and in transporting, presenting, and storing lymph-borne antigens in distinct types of lymphatic sinuses. We underscore specific adaptations of human LECs and raise unanswered questions concerning LEC functions in human disease. Despite our limited understanding of human lymphatics - hampering clinical translation in inflammation and metastasis - we support the potential of LN LECs as putative targets for boosting/inhibiting immunoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Takeda
- MediCity and InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Salmi
- MediCity and InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity and InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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29
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Virgilio T, Bordini J, Cascione L, Sartori G, Latino I, Molina Romero D, Leoni C, Akhmedov M, Rinaldi A, Arribas AJ, Morone D, Seyed Jafari SM, Bersudsky M, Ottolenghi A, Kwee I, Chiaravalli AM, Sessa F, Hunger RE, Bruno A, Mortara L, Voronov E, Monticelli S, Apte RN, Bertoni F, Gonzalez SF. Subcapsular Sinus Macrophages Promote Melanoma Metastasis to the Sentinel Lymph Nodes via an IL1α-STAT3 Axis. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:1525-1541. [PMID: 36206577 PMCID: PMC9716256 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
During melanoma metastasis, tumor cells originating in the skin migrate via lymphatic vessels to the sentinel lymph node (sLN). This process facilitates tumor cell spread across the body. Here, we characterized the innate inflammatory response to melanoma in the metastatic microenvironment of the sLN. We found that macrophages located in the subcapsular sinus (SS) produced protumoral IL1α after recognition of tumoral antigens. Moreover, we confirmed that the elimination of LN macrophages or the administration of an IL1α-specific blocking antibody reduced metastatic spread. To understand the mechanism of action of IL1α in the context of the sLN microenvironment, we applied single-cell RNA sequencing to microdissected metastases obtained from animals treated with the IL1α-specific blocking antibody. Among the different pathways affected, we identified STAT3 as one of the main targets of IL1α signaling in metastatic tumor cells. Moreover, we found that the antitumoral effect of the anti-IL1α was not mediated by lymphocytes because Il1r1 knockout mice did not show significant differences in metastasis growth. Finally, we found a synergistic antimetastatic effect of the combination of IL1α blockade and STAT3 inhibition with stattic, highlighting a new immunotherapy approach to preventing melanoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Virgilio
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joy Bordini
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,GenomSys SA, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Luciano Cascione
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Sartori
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Irene Latino
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Molina Romero
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Graduate School Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Leoni
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Murodzhon Akhmedov
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,BigOmics Analytics, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alberto J. Arribas
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Diego Morone
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - S. Morteza Seyed Jafari
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marina Bersudsky
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Aner Ottolenghi
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ivo Kwee
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,BigOmics Analytics, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Anna Maria Chiaravalli
- Unit of Pathology, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Fausto Sessa
- Unit of Pathology, ASST dei Sette Laghi, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Robert E. Hunger
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Antonino Bruno
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Elena Voronov
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Silvia Monticelli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Ron N. Apte
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Francesco Bertoni
- Institute of Oncology Research, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Santiago F. Gonzalez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Corresponding Author: Santiago F. Gonzalez, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, via Francesco Chiesa 5. CH-6500 Bellinzona. Switzerland. Phone: +41 58 666 7226; E-mail:
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30
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Zhou X, Franklin RA, Adler M, Carter TS, Condiff E, Adams TS, Pope SD, Philip NH, Meizlish ML, Kaminski N, Medzhitov R. Microenvironmental sensing by fibroblasts controls macrophage population size. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2205360119. [PMID: 35930670 PMCID: PMC9371703 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205360119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal tissues comprise diverse cell types. However, the mechanisms controlling the number of each cell type within tissue compartments remain poorly understood. Here, we report that different cell types utilize distinct strategies to control population numbers. Proliferation of fibroblasts, stromal cells important for tissue integrity, is limited by space availability. In contrast, proliferation of macrophages, innate immune cells involved in defense, repair, and homeostasis, is constrained by growth factor availability. Examination of density-dependent gene expression in fibroblasts revealed that Hippo and TGF-β target genes are both regulated by cell density. We found YAP1, the transcriptional coactivator of the Hippo signaling pathway, directly regulates expression of Csf1, the lineage-specific growth factor for macrophages, through an enhancer of Csf1 that is specifically active in fibroblasts. Activation of YAP1 in fibroblasts elevates Csf1 expression and is sufficient to increase the number of macrophages at steady state. Our data also suggest that expression programs in fibroblasts that change with density may result from sensing of mechanical force through actin-dependent mechanisms. Altogether, we demonstrate that two different modes of population control are connected and coordinated to regulate cell numbers of distinct cell types. Sensing of the tissue environment may serve as a general strategy to control tissue composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhou
- aDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Ruth A. Franklin
- aDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Miri Adler
- bBroad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Trevor S. Carter
- cDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Emily Condiff
- aDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Taylor S. Adams
- dPulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Scott D. Pope
- aDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- eHHMI, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Naomi H. Philip
- aDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Matthew L. Meizlish
- aDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- dPulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Ruslan Medzhitov
- aDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- eHHMI, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- 5To whom correspondence may be addressed.
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31
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Immunomodulatory Responses of Subcapsular Sinus Floor Lymphatic Endothelial Cells in Tumor-Draining Lymph Nodes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153602. [PMID: 35892863 PMCID: PMC9330828 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-draining lymph nodes (LNs), composed of lymphocytes, antigen-presenting cells, and stromal cells, are highly relevant for tumor immunity and the efficacy of immunotherapies. Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) represent an important stromal cell type within LNs, and several distinct subsets of LECs that interact with various immune cells and regulate immune responses have been identified. In this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to characterize LECs from LNs draining B16F10 melanomas compared to non-tumor-draining LNs. Several upregulated genes with immune-regulatory potential, especially in LECs lining the subcapsular sinus floor (fLECs), were identified and validated. Interestingly, some of these genes, namely, podoplanin, CD200, and BST2, affected the adhesion of macrophages to LN LECs in vitro. Congruently, lymphatic-specific podoplanin deletion led to a decrease in medullary sinus macrophages in tumor-draining LNs in vivo. In summary, our data show that tumor-derived factors induce transcriptional changes in LECs of the draining LNs, especially the fLECs, and that these changes may affect tumor immunity. We also identified a new function of podoplanin, which is expressed on all LECs, in mediating macrophage adhesion to LECs and their correct localization in LN sinuses.
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32
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Abstract
The lymphatic system, composed of initial and collecting lymphatic vessels as well as lymph nodes that are present in almost every tissue of the human body, acts as an essential transport system for fluids, biomolecules and cells between peripheral tissues and the central circulation. Consequently, it is required for normal body physiology but is also involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases, most notably cancer. The important role of tumor-associated lymphatic vessels and lymphangiogenesis in the formation of lymph node metastasis has been elucidated during the last two decades, whereas the underlying mechanisms and the relation between lymphatic and peripheral organ dissemination of cancer cells are incompletely understood. Lymphatic vessels are also important for tumor-host communication, relaying molecular information from a primary or metastatic tumor to regional lymph nodes and the circulatory system. Beyond antigen transport, lymphatic endothelial cells, particularly those residing in lymph node sinuses, have recently been recognized as direct regulators of tumor immunity and immunotherapy responsiveness, presenting tumor antigens and expressing several immune-modulatory signals including PD-L1. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries in this rapidly evolving field and highlight strategies and challenges of therapeutic targeting of lymphatic vessels or specific lymphatic functions in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lothar C Dieterich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlotta Tacconi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Ducoli
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Detmar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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33
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Wiechers C, Pezoldt J, Beckstette M, Berner J, Schraml BU, Huehn J. Lymph node stromal cells support the maturation of pre‐DCs into cDC‐like cells via colony‐stimulating factor 1. Immunology 2022; 166:475-491. [DOI: 10.1111/imm.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Wiechers
- Department Experimental Immunology Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig Germany
| | - Joern Pezoldt
- Department Experimental Immunology Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig Germany
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Michael Beckstette
- Department Experimental Immunology Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig Germany
- Department of Computational Biology for Individualised Medicine, Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Johanna Berner
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich Planegg‐Martinsried Germany
- Walter‐Brendel‐Centre of Experimental Medicine University Hospital, LMU Munich Planegg‐Martinsried Germany
| | - Barbara U. Schraml
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich Planegg‐Martinsried Germany
- Walter‐Brendel‐Centre of Experimental Medicine University Hospital, LMU Munich Planegg‐Martinsried Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Department Experimental Immunology Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig Germany
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34
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Vrba SM, Hickman HD. Imaging viral infection in vivo to gain unique perspectives on cellular antiviral immunity. Immunol Rev 2022; 306:200-217. [PMID: 34796538 PMCID: PMC9073719 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has seen near continual global public health crises caused by emerging viral infections. Extraordinary increases in our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying successful antiviral immune responses in animal models and during human infection have accompanied these viral outbreaks. Keeping pace with the rapidly advancing field of viral immunology, innovations in microscopy have afforded a previously unseen view of viral infection occurring in real-time in living animals. Here, we review the contribution of intravital imaging to our understanding of cell-mediated immune responses to viral infections, with a particular focus on studies that visualize the antiviral effector cells responding to infection as well as virus-infected cells. We discuss methods to visualize viral infection in vivo using intravital microscopy (IVM) and significant findings arising through the application of IVM to viral infection. Collectively, these works underscore the importance of developing a comprehensive spatial understanding of the relationships between immune effectors and virus-infected cells and how this has enabled unique discoveries about virus/host interactions and antiviral effector cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia M. Vrba
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Heather D. Hickman
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Correspondence to: HDH. . 10 Center Drive, Rm 11N244A. Bethesda, MD. 20892. 301-761-6330
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35
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Huang JY, Lyons-Cohen MR, Gerner MY. Information flow in the spatiotemporal organization of immune responses. Immunol Rev 2022; 306:93-107. [PMID: 34845729 PMCID: PMC8837692 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Immune responses must be rapid, tightly orchestrated, and tailored to the encountered stimulus. Lymphatic vessels facilitate this process by continuously collecting immunological information (ie, antigens, immune cells, and soluble mediators) about the current state of peripheral tissues, and transporting these via the lymph across the lymphatic system. Lymph nodes (LNs), which are critical meeting points for innate and adaptive immune cells, are strategically located along the lymphatic network to intercept this information. Within LNs, immune cells are spatially organized, allowing them to efficiently respond to information delivered by the lymph, and to either promote immune homeostasis or mount protective immune responses. These responses involve the activation and functional cooperation of multiple distinct cell types and are tailored to the specific inflammatory conditions. The natural patterns of lymph flow can also generate spatial gradients of antigens and agonists within draining LNs, which can in turn further regulate innate cell function and localization, as well as the downstream generation of adaptive immunity. In this review, we explore how information transmitted by the lymph shapes the spatiotemporal organization of innate and adaptive immune responses in LNs, with particular focus on steady state and Type-I vs. Type-II inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Y Gerner
- Corresponding author: Michael Gerner, , Address: 750 Republican Street Seattle, WA 98109, Phone: 206-685-3610
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36
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Bain CC, MacDonald AS. The impact of the lung environment on macrophage development, activation and function: diversity in the face of adversity. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:223-234. [PMID: 35017701 PMCID: PMC8749355 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00480-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has been somewhat of a renaissance period for the field of macrophage biology. This renewed interest, combined with the advent of new technologies and development of novel model systems to assess different facets of macrophage biology, has led to major advances in our understanding of the diverse roles macrophages play in health, inflammation, infection and repair, and the dominance of tissue environments in influencing all of these areas. Here, we discuss recent developments in our understanding of lung macrophage heterogeneity, ontogeny, metabolism and function in the context of health and disease, and highlight core conceptual advances and key unanswered questions that we believe should be focus of work in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum C Bain
- The University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK.
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37
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CD169 + macrophages in lymph node and spleen critically depend on dual RANK and LTbetaR signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2108540119. [PMID: 35031565 PMCID: PMC8784161 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108540119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD169+ macrophages that play an important role in the fight against infections and cancer are receptive to environmental signals for their differentiation. We show that lymph node and splenic CD169+ macrophages require both LTβR and RANK signaling since the conditional deficiency of either receptor results in their disappearance. Using a reporter mouse, we observe RANKL expression by a splenic mesenchymal cell subset and show that it participates in CD169+ macrophage differentiation. Their absence leads to a reduced viral capture and a greatly attenuated virus-specific CD8+ T cell expansion. Thus, tight control mechanisms operate for the precise positioning of these macrophages at sites where numerous immune-stimulatory forces converge. CD169+ macrophages reside in lymph node (LN) and spleen and play an important role in the immune defense against pathogens. As resident macrophages, they are responsive to environmental cues to shape their tissue-specific identity. We have previously shown that LN CD169+ macrophages require RANKL for formation of their niche and their differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that they are also dependent on direct lymphotoxin beta (LTβ) receptor (R) signaling. In the absence or the reduced expression of either RANK or LTβR, their differentiation is perturbed, generating myeloid cells expressing SIGN-R1 in LNs. Conditions of combined haploinsufficiencies of RANK and LTβR revealed that both receptors contribute equally to LN CD169+ macrophage differentiation. In the spleen, the Cd169-directed ablation of either receptor results in a selective loss of marginal metallophilic macrophages (MMMs). Using a RANKL reporter mouse, we identify splenic marginal zone stromal cells as a source of RANKL and demonstrate that it participates in MMM differentiation. The loss of MMMs had no effect on the splenic B cell compartments but compromised viral capture and the expansion of virus-specific CD8+ T cells. Taken together, the data provide evidence that CD169+ macrophage differentiation in LN and spleen requires dual signals from LTβR and RANK with implications for the immune response.
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38
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Zhou TA, Hsu HP, Tu YH, Cheng HK, Lin CY, Chen NJ, Tsai JW, Robey EA, Huang HC, Hsu CL, Dzhagalov IL. Thymic macrophages consist of two populations with distinct localization and origin. eLife 2022; 11:75148. [PMID: 36449334 PMCID: PMC9754631 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages are essential to protect from pathogen invasion and maintain organ homeostasis. The ability of thymic macrophages to engulf apoptotic thymocytes is well appreciated, but little is known about their ontogeny, maintenance, and diversity. Here, we characterized the surface phenotype and transcriptional profile of these cells and defined their expression signature. Thymic macrophages were most closely related to spleen red pulp macrophages and Kupffer cells and shared the expression of the transcription factor (TF) SpiC with these cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) showed that the macrophages in the adult thymus are composed of two populations distinguished by the expression of Timd4 and Cx3cr1. Remarkably, Timd4+ cells were located in the cortex, while Cx3cr1+ macrophages were restricted to the medulla and the cortico-medullary junction. Using shield chimeras, transplantation of embryonic thymuses, and genetic fate mapping, we found that the two populations have distinct origins. Timd4+ thymic macrophages are of embryonic origin, while Cx3cr1+ macrophages are derived from adult hematopoietic stem cells. Aging has a profound effect on the macrophages in the thymus. Timd4+ cells underwent gradual attrition, while Cx3cr1+ cells slowly accumulated with age and, in older mice, were the dominant macrophage population in the thymus. Altogether, our work defines the phenotype, origin, and diversity of thymic macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyng-An Zhou
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hsuan-Po Hsu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yueh-Hua Tu
- Bioinformatics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Information Science, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Hui-Kuei Cheng
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Lin
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Nien-Jung Chen
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Jin-Wu Tsai
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ellen A Robey
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Hsuan-Cheng Huang
- Bioinformatics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Information Science, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Hsu
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ivan L Dzhagalov
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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39
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Makris S, de Winde CM, Horsnell HL, Cantoral-Rebordinos JA, Finlay RE, Acton SE. Immune function and dysfunction are determined by lymphoid tissue efficacy. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049256. [PMID: 35072206 PMCID: PMC8807573 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphoid tissue returns to a steady state once each immune response is resolved, and although this occurs multiple times throughout life, its structural integrity and functionality remain unaffected. Stromal cells orchestrate cellular interactions within lymphoid tissue, and any changes to the microenvironment can have detrimental outcomes and drive disease. A breakdown in lymphoid tissue homeostasis can lead to a loss of tissue structure and function that can cause aberrant immune responses. This Review highlights recent advances in our understanding of lymphoid tissue function and remodelling in adaptive immunity and in disease states. We discuss the functional role of lymphoid tissue in disease progression and explore the changes to lymphoid tissue structure and function driven by infection, chronic inflammatory conditions and cancer. Understanding the role of lymphoid tissues in immune responses to a wide range of pathologies allows us to take a fuller systemic view of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Makris
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Charlotte M. de Winde
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Harry L. Horsnell
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jesús A. Cantoral-Rebordinos
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Rachel E. Finlay
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sophie E. Acton
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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40
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Onder L, Cheng HW, Ludewig B. Visualization and functional characterization of lymphoid organ fibroblasts. Immunol Rev 2021; 306:108-122. [PMID: 34866192 PMCID: PMC9300201 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are specialized stromal cells of lymphoid organs that generate the structural foundation of the tissue and actively interact with immune cells. Distinct FRC subsets position lymphocytes and myeloid cells in specialized niches where they present processed or native antigen and provide essential growth factors and cytokines for immune cell activation and differentiation. Niche‐specific functions of FRC subpopulations have been defined using genetic targeting, high‐dimensional transcriptomic analyses, and advanced imaging methods. Here, we review recent findings on FRC‐immune cell interaction and the elaboration of FRC development and differentiation. We discuss how imaging approaches have not only shaped our understanding of FRC biology, but have critically advanced the niche concept of immune cell maintenance and control of immune reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Onder
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
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41
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Sehgal A, Irvine KM, Hume DA. Functions of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) in development, homeostasis, and tissue repair. Semin Immunol 2021; 54:101509. [PMID: 34742624 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) is the primary growth factor required for the control of monocyte and macrophage differentiation, survival, proliferation and renewal. Although the cDNAs encoding multiple isoforms of human CSF1 were cloned in the 1980s, and recombinant proteins were available for testing in humans, CSF1 has not yet found substantial clinical application. Here we present an overview of CSF1 biology, including evolution, regulation and functions of cell surface and secreted isoforms. CSF1 is widely-expressed, primarily by cells of mesenchymal lineages, in all mouse tissues. Cell-specific deletion of a floxed Csf1 allele in mice indicates that local CSF1 production contributes to the maintenance of tissue-specific macrophage populations but is not saturating. CSF1 in the circulation is controlled primarily by receptor-mediated clearance by macrophages in liver and spleen. Administration of recombinant CSF1 to humans or animals leads to monocytosis and expansion of tissue macrophage populations and growth of the liver and spleen. In a wide variety of tissue injury models, CSF1 administration promotes monocyte infiltration, clearance of damaged cells and repair. We suggest that CSF1 has therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Sehgal
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katharine M Irvine
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David A Hume
- Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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42
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D'Addio M, Frey J, Tacconi C, Commerford CD, Halin C, Detmar M, Cummings RD, Otto VI. Sialoglycans on lymphatic endothelial cells augment interactions with Siglec-1 (CD169) of lymph node macrophages. FASEB J 2021; 35:e22017. [PMID: 34699642 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100300r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cellular interactions between endothelial cells and macrophages regulate macrophage localization and phenotype, but the mechanisms underlying these interactions are poorly understood. Here we explored the role of sialoglycans on lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) in interactions with macrophage-expressed Siglec-1 (CD169). Lectin-binding assays and mass spectrometric analyses revealed that LEC from human skin express more sialylated glycans than the corresponding blood endothelial cells. Higher amounts of sialylated and/or sulfated glycans on LEC than BEC were consistently observed in murine skin, lung and lymph nodes. The floor LEC of the subcapsular sinus (SCS) in murine lymph nodes (LN) displayed sialylated glycans at particularly high densities. The sialoglycans of LN LEC were strongly bound by Siglec-1. Such binding plays an important role in the localization of Siglec-1+ LN-SCS macrophages, as their numbers are strongly reduced in mice expressing a Siglec-1 mutant that is defective in sialoglycan binding. The residual Siglec-1+ macrophages are less proliferative and have a more anti-inflammatory phenotype. We propose that the densely clustered, sialylated glycans on the SCS floor LEC are a key component of the macrophage niche, providing anchorage for the Siglec-1+ LN-SCS macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco D'Addio
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Frey
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlotta Tacconi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Cornelia Halin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Detmar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vivianne I Otto
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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43
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Chiaranunt P, Tai SL, Ngai L, Mortha A. Beyond Immunity: Underappreciated Functions of Intestinal Macrophages. Front Immunol 2021; 12:749708. [PMID: 34650568 PMCID: PMC8506163 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.749708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract hosts the largest compartment of macrophages in the body, where they serve as mediators of host defense and immunity. Seeded in the complex tissue-environment of the gut, an array of both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells forms their immediate neighborhood. Emerging data demonstrate that the functional diversity of intestinal macrophages reaches beyond classical immunity and includes underappreciated non-immune functions. In this review, we discuss recent advances in research on intestinal macrophage heterogeneity, with a particular focus on how non-immune functions of macrophages impact tissue homeostasis and function. We delve into the strategic localization of distinct gut macrophage populations, describe the potential factors that regulate their identity and functional heterogeneity within these locations, and provide open questions that we hope will inspire research dedicated to elucidating a holistic view on macrophage-tissue cell interactions in the body's largest mucosal organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pailin Chiaranunt
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Siu Ling Tai
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Louis Ngai
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arthur Mortha
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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44
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Poirot J, Medvedovic J, Trichot C, Soumelis V. Compartmentalized multicellular crosstalk in lymph nodes coordinates the generation of potent cellular and humoral immune responses. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:3146-3160. [PMID: 34606627 PMCID: PMC9298410 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Distributed throughout the body, lymph nodes (LNs) constitute an important crossroad where resident and migratory immune cells interact to initiate antigen‐specific immune responses supported by a dynamic 3‐dimensional network of stromal cells, that is, endothelial cells and fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs). LNs are organized into four major subanatomically separated compartments: the subcapsular sinus (SSC), the paracortex, the cortex, and the medulla. Each compartment is underpinned by particular FRC subsets that physically support LN architecture and delineate functional immune niches by appropriately providing environmental cues, nutrients, and survival factors to the immune cell subsets they interact with. In this review, we discuss how FRCs drive the structural and functional organization of each compartment to give rise to prosperous interactions and coordinate immune cell activities. We also discuss how reciprocal communication makes FRCs and immune cells perfect compatible partners for the generation of potent cellular and humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Poirot
- Université de Paris, INSERM U976, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Saint Aubin, France
| | | | | | - Vassili Soumelis
- Université de Paris, INSERM U976, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Laboratoire d'Immunologie-Histocompatibilité, Paris, France
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45
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Maulloo CD, Cao S, Watkins EA, Raczy MM, Solanki AS, Nguyen M, Reda JW, Shim HN, Wilson DS, Swartz MA, Hubbell JA. Lymph Node-Targeted Synthetically Glycosylated Antigen Leads to Antigen-Specific Immunological Tolerance. Front Immunol 2021; 12:714842. [PMID: 34630389 PMCID: PMC8498032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.714842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inverse vaccines that tolerogenically target antigens to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) offer promise in prevention of immunity to allergens and protein drugs and treatment of autoimmunity. We have previously shown that targeting hepatic APCs through intravenous injection of synthetically glycosylated antigen leads to effective induction of antigen-specific immunological tolerance. Here, we demonstrate that targeting these glycoconjugates to lymph node (LN) APCs under homeostatic conditions leads to local and increased accumulation in the LNs compared to unmodified antigen and induces a tolerogenic state both locally and systemically. Subcutaneous administration directs the polymeric glycoconjugate to the draining LN, where the glycoconjugated antigen generates robust antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell tolerance and hypo-responsiveness to antigenic challenge via a number of mechanisms, including clonal deletion, anergy of activated T cells, and expansion of regulatory T cells. Lag-3 up-regulation on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells represents an essential mechanism of suppression. Additionally, presentation of antigen released from the glycoconjugate to naïve T cells is mediated mainly by LN-resident CD8+ and CD11b+ dendritic cells. Thus, here we demonstrate that antigen targeting via synthetic glycosylation to impart affinity for APC scavenger receptors generates tolerance when LN dendritic cells are the cellular target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitavi D. Maulloo
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Shijie Cao
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Elyse A. Watkins
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Michal M. Raczy
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ani. S. Solanki
- Animal Resources Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mindy Nguyen
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Joseph W. Reda
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ha-Na Shim
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - D. Scott Wilson
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Melody A. Swartz
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Hubbell
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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46
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Gillot L, Baudin L, Rouaud L, Kridelka F, Noël A. The pre-metastatic niche in lymph nodes: formation and characteristics. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5987-6002. [PMID: 34241649 PMCID: PMC8316194 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lymph node metastasis is a crucial prognostic parameter in many different types of cancers and a gateway for further dissemination to distant organs. Prior to metastatic dissemination, the primary tumor prepares for the remodeling of the draining (sentinel) lymph node by secreting soluble factors or releasing extracellular vesicles that are transported by lymphatic vessels. These important changes occur before the appearance of the first metastatic cell and create what is known as a pre-metastatic niche giving rise to the subsequent survival and growth of metastatic cells. In this review, the lymph node structure, matrix composition and the emerging heterogeneity of cells forming it are described. Current knowledge of the major cellular and molecular processes associated with nodal pre-metastatic niche formation, including lymphangiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and immunosuppressive cell enlisting in lymph nodes are additionally summarized. Finally, future directions that research could possibly take and the clinical impact are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Gillot
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Liege University, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Louis Baudin
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Liege University, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Loïc Rouaud
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Liege University, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Kridelka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHU of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Agnès Noël
- Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, GIGA-Cancer, Liege University, Avenue Hippocrate 13, 4000 Liege, Belgium
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47
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Franklin RA. Fibroblasts and macrophages: Collaborators in tissue homeostasis. Immunol Rev 2021; 302:86-103. [PMID: 34101202 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts and macrophages are universal cell types across all mammalian tissues. These cells differ in many ways including their cellular origins; dynamics of renewal, recruitment, and motility within tissues; roles in tissue structure and secretion of signaling molecules; and contributions to the activation and progression of immune responses. However, many of the features that make these two cell types unique are not opposing, but instead complementary. This review will present cell-cell communication in this context and discuss how complementarity makes fibroblasts and macrophages highly compatible partners in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Franklin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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48
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Sbierski-Kind J, Mroz N, Molofsky AB. Perivascular stromal cells: Directors of tissue immune niches. Immunol Rev 2021; 302:10-31. [PMID: 34075598 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular niches are specialized microenvironments where stromal and immune cells interact with vasculature to monitor tissue status. Adventitial perivascular niches surround larger blood vessels and other boundary sites, supporting collections of immune cells, stromal cells, lymphatics, and neurons. Adventitial fibroblasts (AFs), a subtype of mesenchymal stromal cell, are the dominant constituents in adventitial spaces, regulating vascular integrity while organizing the accumulation and activation of a variety of interacting immune cells. In contrast, pericytes are stromal mural cells that support microvascular capillaries and surround organ-specific parenchymal cells. Here, we outline the unique immune and non-immune composition of perivascular tissue immune niches, with an emphasis on the heterogeneity and immunoregulatory functions of AFs and pericytes across diverse organs. We will discuss how perivascular stromal cells contribute to the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses and integrate immunological signals to impact tissue health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sbierski-Kind
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Mroz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ari B Molofsky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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49
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Honan AM, Chen Z. Stromal Cells Underlining the Paths From Autoimmunity, Inflammation to Cancer With Roles Beyond Structural and Nutritional Support. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:658984. [PMID: 34113615 PMCID: PMC8185233 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.658984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal cells provide structural support and nutrients in secondary lymphoid organs and non-lymphoid tissues. However, accumulating evidence suggests that a complex relationship exists between stromal cells and immune cells. Interactions between immune cells and stromal cells have been shown to influence the pathology of both autoimmunity and cancer. This review examines the heterogeneity of stromal cells within the lymph node and non-lymphoid tissues during both homeostatic and inflammatory conditions, in particular autoimmunity and cancer, with the goal of better understanding the complex and apparently paradoxical relationship between these two classes of diseases. The review surveys potential novel mechanisms involving the interactions between stromal cells and immune cells which may contribute to the development, pathology and underlying connection between autoimmunity and cancer, including potential pathways from autoimmune inflammation to either “hot” or “cold” tumors. These interactions may provide some insights to explain the rising incidence of both autoimmunity and cancer in young women in industrialized countries and have the potential to be exploited in the development of new interventions for preventions and treatments of both autoimmune diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Honan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Zhibin Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
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50
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Wang S, Guan G, Zou C, Guo Q, Cheng W, Shen S, Dong F, Wu A, Li G, Zhu C. Genome profiling of mismatch repair genes in eight types of tumors. Cell Cycle 2021; 20:1091-1106. [PMID: 33966609 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1922160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mismatch repair (MMR) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors. At present, it is widely believed that MMR is a protective mechanism of tumors that plays a critical role in the progresses of cancer. In this study, 34 genes related to MMR selected from Gene Ontology (GO) database were scored by single sample Gene sets enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), and eight cancers were screened from 23 TCGA solid cancers to investigate the clinical significance of MMR score. MMR had different effects on the prognosis of the eight tumors, with a protective effect in three cancers and functioning as a risk factor in the remaining five cancers. We used unsupervised clustering to divide the patients into four clusters. We found that the immune and metabolic status of the four clusters were extremely different, among which cluster1 had the lowest tumor purity and the most complex microenvironment; this may explain its poor prognosis and immunotherapy effect. In summary, MMR scores can improve the predictive ability and provide effective guidance for immunotherapy in individual type of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gefei Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Cunyi Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuai Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Anhua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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