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Xiao X, Hammond C, Salmeron BJ, Wang D, Gu H, Zhai T, Nguyen H, Lu H, Ross TJ, Yang Y. Brain Functional Connectome Defines a Transdiagnostic Dimension Shared by Cognitive Function and Psychopathology in Preadolescents. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:1081-1090. [PMID: 37769982 PMCID: PMC10963340 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive function and general psychopathology are two important classes of human behavior dimensions that are individually related to mental disorders across diagnostic categories. However, whether these two transdiagnostic dimensions are linked to common or distinct brain networks that convey resilience or risk for the development of psychiatric disorders remains unclear. METHODS The current study is a longitudinal investigation with 11,875 youths from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study at ages 9 to 10 years at the onset of the study. A machine learning approach based on canonical correlation analysis was used to identify latent dimensional associations of the resting-state functional connectome with multidomain behavioral assessments including cognitive functions and psychopathological measures. For the latent resting-state functional connectivity factor showing a robust behavioral association, its ability to predict psychiatric disorders was assessed using 2-year follow-up data, and its genetic association was evaluated using twin data from the same cohort. RESULTS A latent functional connectome pattern was identified that showed a strong and generalizable association with the multidomain behavioral assessments (5-fold cross-validation: ρ = 0.68-0.73 for the training set [n = 5096]; ρ = 0.56-0.58 for the test set [n = 1476]). This functional connectome pattern was highly heritable (h2 = 74.42%, 95% CI: 56.76%-85.42%), exhibited a dose-response relationship with the cumulative number of psychiatric disorders assessed concurrently and at 2 years post-magnetic resonance imaging scan, and predicted the transition of diagnosis across disorders over the 2-year follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide preliminary evidence for a transdiagnostic connectome-based measure that underlies individual differences in the development of psychiatric disorders during early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiao
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christopher Hammond
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Betty Jo Salmeron
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Danni Wang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hong Gu
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tianye Zhai
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hieu Nguyen
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hanbing Lu
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas J Ross
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Lima JFDB, Lima RJCP, Batalha MA, da Silva AAM, Ribeiro MRC, Batista RFL. Do childhood depressive symptoms interfere with intelligence in adulthood? Rev Saude Publica 2023; 57:64. [PMID: 37878850 PMCID: PMC10519686 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2023057004918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of depressive symptoms in childhood on the intellectual development of young adults. METHODS Study conducted with a birth cohort of São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, composed of 339 participants evaluated between 7 and 9 years and between 18 and 19 years. Structural equation modeling (young adult education, sex, race/color) and childhood variables (nutritional status, depressive symptoms, cognitive function, head of household's and mother's education, family income) were used. In addition, head of household's occupation, mother's age, and presence of partner were tested as determinants of adults' intelligence quotient (IQ). RESULTS Presence of depressive symptoms in childhood triggered a reduction of 0.342 in standard deviation (SD) and -3.83 points in the average IQ of adults (p-value < 0.001). Cognitive function in childhood had a total and direct positive effect (standardized coefficient [SC] = 0.701; p-value < 0.001) on IQ, increasing 7.84 points with each increase in level. A positive indirect effect of child nutritional status (SC = 0.194; p-value = 0.045), head of household's (SC = 0.162; p-value = 0.036), and mother's education was identified, the latter mediated by cognitive function in childhood (SC = 0.215; p-value = 0.012) on the IQ of young people. CONCLUSION Presence of depressive symptoms in childhood triggered a long-term negative effect on intelligence, reducing the IQ score in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janielle Ferreira de Brito Lima
- Universidade Federal do MaranhãoDepartamento de Saúde PúblicaSão LuísMABrazil Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Departamento de Saúde Pública. São Luís, MA, Brasil. São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Raina Jansen Cutrim Propp Lima
- Universidade Federal do MaranhãoDepartamento de Saúde PúblicaSão LuísMABrazil Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Departamento de Saúde Pública. São Luís, MA, Brasil. São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Mônica Araújo Batalha
- Universidade Federal do MaranhãoDepartamento de Saúde PúblicaSão LuísMABrazil Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Departamento de Saúde Pública. São Luís, MA, Brasil. São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva
- Universidade Federal do MaranhãoDepartamento de Saúde PúblicaSão LuísMABrazil Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Departamento de Saúde Pública. São Luís, MA, Brasil. São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Marizélia Rodrigues Costa Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal do MaranhãoDepartamento de Saúde PúblicaSão LuísMABrazil Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Departamento de Saúde Pública. São Luís, MA, Brasil. São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Rosângela Fernandes Lucena Batista
- Universidade Federal do MaranhãoDepartamento de Saúde PúblicaSão LuísMABrazil Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Departamento de Saúde Pública. São Luís, MA, Brasil. São Luís, MA, Brazil.
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Del Giudice M, Haltigan JD. A new look at the relations between attachment and intelligence. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2022.101054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Eichelberger DA, Sticca F, Kübler DR, Kakebeeke TH, Caflisch JA, Jenni OG, Wehrle FM. Stability of mental abilities and physical growth from 6 months to 65 years: Findings from the Zurich Longitudinal Studies. INTELLIGENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2023.101730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Ziernwald L, Schiepe-Tiska A, Reiss KM. Identification and characterization of high-achieving student subgroups using two methodological approaches: The role of different achievement indicators and motivational-affective characteristics. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2022.102212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Reiss AL, Jo B, Arbelaez AM, Tsalikian E, Buckingham B, Weinzimer SA, Fox LA, Cato A, White NH, Tansey M, Aye T, Tamborlane W, Englert K, Lum J, Mazaika P, Foland-Ross L, Marzelli M, Mauras N. A Pilot randomized trial to examine effects of a hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system on neurodevelopmental and cognitive outcomes in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4940. [PMID: 36042217 PMCID: PMC9427757 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32289-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with lower scores on tests of cognitive and neuropsychological function and alterations in brain structure and function in children. This proof-of-concept pilot study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03428932) examined whether MRI-derived indices of brain development and function and standardized IQ scores in adolescents with T1D could be improved with better diabetes control using a hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system. Eligibility criteria for participation in the study included age between 14 and 17 years and a diagnosis of T1D before 8 years of age. Randomization to either a hybrid closed-loop or standard diabetes care group was performed after pre-qualification, consent, enrollment, and collection of medical background information. Of 46 participants assessed for eligibility, 44 met criteria and were randomized. Two randomized participants failed to complete baseline assessments and were excluded from final analyses. Participant data were collected across five academic medical centers in the United States. Research staff scoring the cognitive assessments as well as those processing imaging data were blinded to group status though participants and their families were not. Forty-two adolescents, 21 per group, underwent cognitive assessment and multi-modal brain imaging before and after the six month study duration. HbA1c and sensor glucose downloads were obtained quarterly. Primary outcomes included metrics of gray matter (total and regional volumes, cortical surface area and thickness), white matter volume, and fractional anisotropy. Estimated power to detect the predicted treatment effect was 0.83 with two-tailed, α = 0.05. Adolescents in the hybrid closed-loop group showed significantly greater improvement in several primary outcomes indicative of neurotypical development during adolescence compared to the standard care group including cortical surface area, regional gray volumes, and fractional anisotropy. The two groups were not significantly different on total gray and white matter volumes or cortical thickness. The hybrid closed loop group also showed higher Perceptual Reasoning Index IQ scores and functional brain activity more indicative of neurotypical development relative to the standard care group (both secondary outcomes). No adverse effects associated with study participation were observed. These results suggest that alterations to the developing brain in T1D might be preventable or reversible with rigorous glucose control. Long term research in this area is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan L Reiss
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Booil Jo
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ana Maria Arbelaez
- Divisions of Endocrinology & Diabetes, at Washington University in St, Louis, St, Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eva Tsalikian
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Bruce Buckingham
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Larry A Fox
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Nemours Children's Health, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Allison Cato
- Division of Neurology, Nemours Children's Health, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Neil H White
- Divisions of Endocrinology & Diabetes, at Washington University in St, Louis, St, Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael Tansey
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Tandy Aye
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Kimberly Englert
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Nemours Children's Health, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - John Lum
- Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Paul Mazaika
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lara Foland-Ross
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Marzelli
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nelly Mauras
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Nemours Children's Health, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Bliznashka L, Perumal N, Yousafzai A, Sudfeld C. Diet and development among children aged 36-59 months in low-income countries. Arch Dis Child 2022; 107:719-725. [PMID: 34952837 PMCID: PMC9304107 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2021-323218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the associations between diet, stimulation and development among children 36-59 months of age in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). DESIGN We pooled Demographic and Health Survey data on 12 126 children aged 36-59 months from 15 LMICs. Child diet indicators included dietary diversity score (DDS, range 0-7), minimum dietary diversity (MDD, defined as DDS ≥4) and animal source foods (ASFs) consumption. Child development was assessed using the Early Childhood Development Index and stimulation by the number of stimulation activities (range 0-6). Associations were assessed using generalised linear models. RESULTS In our sample, 18% of children met MDD and 50% received ≥4 stimulation activities. The prevalence of suboptimal cognitive, socioemotional, literacy-numeracy and physical development was 24%, 32%, 87% and 11%, respectively. Higher DDS, meeting MDD and consuming ASFs were associated with 8%-13% more stimulation activities. Children who met MDD were slightly less likely to have suboptimal literacy-numeracy development compared with children who did not meet MDD: relative risk 0.97 (95% CI 0.95 to 1.00). DDS, meeting MDD and ASFs consumption were not associated with cognitive, socioemotional or physical development. However, there was evidence of positive associations between MDD and cognitive and literacy-numeracy development among subgroups of children, including those who received ≥4 stimulation activities or attended an early childhood care and education programme. CONCLUSIONS Child diet was associated with more stimulation activities. However, independent of stimulation, socioeconomic status and other factors, child diet appeared to be a prominent determinant only of literacy-numeracy development among children 36-59 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Bliznashka
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK .,Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nandita Perumal
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aisha Yousafzai
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher Sudfeld
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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Soares PSM, de Oliveira PD, Wehrmeister FC, Menezes AMB, Rohde LA, Gonçalves H. Does IQ Influence Association Between Working Memory and ADHD Symptoms in Young Adults? J Atten Disord 2022; 26:1097-1105. [PMID: 34779307 DOI: 10.1177/10870547211058813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the association between WM and ADHD symptoms in young adults and whether IQ-score influenced this association. METHOD Data from the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study were analyzed (N = 2,845). Working memory and ADHD symptoms were collected at 22 years. IQ was examined at age 18. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to assess the associations between working memory and ADHD symptoms. We also evaluated whether IQ modified associations between working memory and ADHD symptoms. RESULTS Working memory was negatively associated with Inattention symptoms of ADHD. The association between working memory and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms of ADHD varied by IQ. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insights to theories about the relationship between WM and ADHD symptoms as well as the development of interventions aimed at improving the performance of WM in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents (INCT-CNPq), São Paulo, Brazil
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Austerberry C, Fearon P, Ronald A, Leve LD, Ganiban JM, Natsuaki MN, Shaw DS, Neiderhiser JM, Reiss D. Early manifestations of intellectual performance: Evidence that genetic effects on later academic test performance are mediated through verbal performance in early childhood. Child Dev 2022; 93:e188-e206. [PMID: 34783370 PMCID: PMC10861934 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Intellectual performance is highly heritable and robustly predicts lifelong health and success but the earliest manifestations of genetic effects on this asset are not well understood. This study examined whether early executive function (EF) or verbal performance mediate genetic influences on subsequent intellectual performance, in 561 U.S.-based adoptees (57% male) and their birth and adoptive parents (70% and 92% White, 13% and 4% African American, 7% and 2% Latinx, respectively), administered measures in 2003-2017. Genetic influences on children's academic performance at 7 years were mediated by verbal performance at 4.5 years (β = .22, 95% CI [0.08, 0.35], p = .002) and not via EF, indicating that verbal performance is an early manifestation of genetic propensity for intellectual performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Austerberry
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Pasco Fearon
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Angelica Ronald
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - Leslie D. Leve
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Jody M. Ganiban
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Misaki N. Natsuaki
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Daniel S. Shaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jenae M. Neiderhiser
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Reiss
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Demetriou A, Mougi A, Spanoudis G, Makris N. Changing developmental priorities between executive functions, working memory, and reasoning in the formation of g from 6 to 12 years. INTELLIGENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2021.101602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cave SN, Wright M, von Stumm S. Change and stability in the association of parents' education with children's intelligence. INTELLIGENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2021.101597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ahmed A, Kramer MS, Bernard JY, Perez Trejo ME, Martin RM, Oken E, Yang S. Early childhood growth trajectory and later cognitive ability: evidence from a large prospective birth cohort of healthy term-born children. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 49:1998-2009. [PMID: 32743654 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaa105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies of associations between child growth and cognitive ability were based on size at one or two ages and a single measure of cognition. We aimed to characterize different aspects of early growth and their associations with cognitive outcomes in childhood through adolescence. METHODS In a sample of 12 368 Belarusian children born at term, we examined associations of length/height and weight trajectories over the first 6.5 years of life with cognitive ability at 6.5 and 16 years and its change over time. We estimated growth trajectories using two random-effects models-the SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation to model overall patterns of growth and the Jenss-Bayley to distinguish growth in infancy from post infancy. Cognitive ability was measured using the Wechsler Abbreviated Scales of Intelligence at 6.5 years and the computerized NeuroTrax test at 16 years. RESULTS Higher length/height between birth and 6.5 years was associated with higher cognitive scores at 6.5 and 16 years {2.7 points [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.1, 3.2] and 2.5 points [95% CI: 1.9, 3.0], respectively, per standard deviation [SD] increase}. A 1-SD delay in the childhood height-growth spurt was negatively associated with cognitive scores [-2.4 (95% CI: -3.0, -1.8) at age 6.5; -2.2 (95% CI: -2.7, -1.6) at 16 years]. Birth size and post-infancy growth velocity were positively associated with cognitive scores at both ages. Height trajectories were not associated with the change in cognitive score. Similar results were observed for weight trajectories. CONCLUSIONS Among term infants, the overall size, timing of the childhood growth spurt, size at birth and post-infancy growth velocity were all associated with cognitive ability at early-school age and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ahmed
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael S Kramer
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Y Bernard
- Inserm, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Research Team on Early Life Origins of Health, Villejuif, France.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | | | - Richard M Martin
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse (CoRAL), Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seungmi Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Black MM, Trude ACB, Kowalski AJ. Growth in the first 1000 days lays the foundation for human capital formation. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:767-768. [PMID: 33668056 PMCID: PMC8189014 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela C B Trude
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alysse J Kowalski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Marion-St-Onge C, Weiss MW, Sharda M, Peretz I. What Makes Musical Prodigies? Front Psychol 2020; 11:566373. [PMID: 33362630 PMCID: PMC7759486 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Musical prodigies reach exceptionally high levels of achievement before adolescence. Despite longstanding interest and fascination in musical prodigies, little is known about their psychological profile. Here we assess to what extent practice, intelligence, and personality make musical prodigies a distinct category of musician. Nineteen former or current musical prodigies (aged 12–34) were compared to 35 musicians (aged 14–37) with either an early (mean age 6) or late (mean age 10) start but similar amount of musical training, and 16 non-musicians (aged 14–34). All completed a Wechsler IQ test, the Big Five Inventory, the Autism Spectrum Quotient, the Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire, the Dispositional Flow Scale, and a detailed history of their lifetime music practice. None of the psychological traits distinguished musical prodigies from control musicians or non-musicians except their propensity to report flow during practice. The other aspects that differentiated musical prodigies from their peers were the intensity of their practice before adolescence, and the source of their motivation when they began to play. Thus practice, by itself, does not make a prodigy. The results are compatible with multifactorial models of expertise, with prodigies lying at the high end of the continuum. In summary, prodigies are expected to present brain predispositions facilitating their success in learning an instrument, which could be amplified by their early and intense practice happening at a moment when brain plasticity is heightened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanel Marion-St-Onge
- Department of Psychology, International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael W Weiss
- Department of Psychology, International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Megha Sharda
- Department of Psychology, International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Peretz
- Department of Psychology, International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Zhu Z, Chang S, Cheng Y, Qi Q, Li S, Elhoumed M, Yan H, Dibley MJ, Fawzi WW, Zeng L, Sudfeld CR. Early life cognitive development trajectories and intelligence quotient in middle childhood and early adolescence in rural western China. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18315. [PMID: 31797987 PMCID: PMC6892923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship of cognitive developmental trajectories during the dynamic first years with later life development outcomes remains unclear in low- and middle-income countries. 1388 Children born to women who participated in a randomized trial of antenatal micronutrient supplementation in rural China were prospectively followed. Cognitive development was assessed six times between 3 and 30 months of age using Bayley Scales of Infant Development, and then in mid-childhood (7-9 years) and early adolescence (10-12 years) using Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. We identified four distinct infant cognitive development trajectory subgroups using group-based trajectory modeling: (i) consistently above average, (ii) consistently average, (iii) started below average and then improved, and (iv) started below average and then declined. LBW infants (<2500 g) were 10.60 times (95% CI 3.57, 31.49) more likely to be in the trajectory group that started below average and then declined, while each grade increase in maternal education decreased the risk of being in this group by 73% (95% CI 54%, 84%). Infants who performed consistently above average had 8.02 (95% CI 1.46, 14.59) points higher IQ in adolescence versus the declining trajectory group. These findings suggest that interventions to improve early child development trajectories may produce long-term human capital benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghai Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suying Chang
- United Nations Children's Fund, China Office, Beijing, 100600, P.R. China
| | - Yue Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety Research, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Shaoru Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Mohamed Elhoumed
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China
- Nutrition and Food Safety Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Michael J Dibley
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wafaie W Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lingxia Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Christopher R Sudfeld
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Mckenzie K, Murray G, Murray A, Martin R, Tanfield Y, Delahunty L, Hutton L, Murray KR, O'hare A. Screening for intellectual disability with the Child and Adolescent Intellectual Screening Questionnaire: a modified Delphi approach. Dev Med Child Neurol 2019; 61:979-983. [PMID: 30592303 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To develop a consensus framework to evaluate the impact of screening for intellectual disability, using the Child and Adolescent Intellectual Disability Screening Questionnaire (CAIDS-Q) in paediatric neurodevelopment clinics. METHOD A modified Delphi survey with four phases (literature review; initial development of framework [participants=11 parents, 8 professionals]; qualitative interviews [participants=4 parents, 15 professionals]; questionnaire development [participants=31 parents, 14 professionals] was used to develop the consensus framework. The framework was used to evaluate the impact of screening on six paediatricians and 31 parents of children who had participated in a previous paediatric screening project. RESULTS Twelve of the original 20 items were retained based on levels of endorsement of 60 per cent or above. Direct benefits of using the CAIDS-Q were: indicating the child's level of functioning, increasing awareness of intellectual disability, helping to identify children with intellectual disability, and identifying potentially vulnerable children. Benefits related to subsequent diagnostic assessment were: promoting greater understanding of the child, identification of support needs, and receipt of support, particularly for the child at school. INTERPRETATION The use of the CAIDS-Q had a number of direct and indirect benefits for children, families, and services as reported by parents and paediatricians. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS A 12-item framework was developed to evaluate the impact of screening for intellectual disability. Direct benefits of the Child and Adolescent Intellectual Disability Screening Questionnaire include increasing awareness and identification of intellectual disability. Indirect benefits included increased identification of support needs and receipt of support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Mckenzie
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Clinical Psychology and Community Nursing, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - George Murray
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Community Nursing, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Aja Murray
- Salvesen Mindroom Centre and Department of Psychology, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rachel Martin
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Yasmin Tanfield
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Lauren Delahunty
- Salvesen Mindroom Centre and Department of Psychology, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Linda Hutton
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Kara R Murray
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Community Nursing, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anne O'hare
- Salvesen Mindroom Centre and Department of Psychology, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, UK
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17
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Cheng H, Furnham A. Correlates of Adult Vocabulary Task Performance: Findings from a British Cohort. J Intell 2019; 7:jintelligence7010002. [PMID: 31162381 PMCID: PMC6526404 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence7010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored a longitudinal data set of 4361 adults (2119 males and 2239 females) to examine factors that influence adult vocabulary task performance. Data were collected at birth, in childhood (age 10 years), during teenage years (age 16 years), and in adulthood (ages 30, 34, and 42 years) to examine the effects of family social status, childhood cognitive ability, teenager locus of control, psychological distress, educational qualifications, and occupational prestige in adulthood on an adult vocabulary task-an index of crystallized intelligence. Structural equation modeling showed that childhood cognitive ability, teenager locus of control, education, and occupation were all significant and direct predictors of adult vocabulary task performance. Parental social status affected the outcome variable mediated through educational qualifications. The strongest predictor of adult vocabulary task performance was childhood cognitive ability, followed by educational qualifications and locus of control. Finally, limitations were acknowledged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Cheng
- Department of Psychology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
- ESRC Centre for Learning and Life Chances in Knowledge Economies and Societies, Institute of Education, University of London, London WC1H 0AL, UK.
| | - Adrian Furnham
- BI: Norwegian Business School, Nydalsveien 37, 0484 Oslo, Norway.
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