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Zimmermann MJ, Jathar VD, Baskin TI. Thermomorphogenesis of the Arabidopsis thaliana Root: Flexible Cell Division, Constrained Elongation and the Role of Cryptochrome. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:1434-1449. [PMID: 39030707 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcae082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how plants respond to temperature is relevant for agriculture in a warming world. Responses to temperature in the shoot have been characterized more fully than those in the root. Previous work on thermomorphogenesis in roots established that for Arabidopsis thaliana (Columbia) seedlings grown continuously at a given temperature, the root meristem produces cells at the same rate at 15°C as at 25°C and the root's growth zone is the same length. To uncover the pathway(s) underlying this constancy, we screened 34 A. thaliana genotypes for parameters related to growth and division. No line failed to respond to temperature. Behavior was little affected by mutations in phytochrome or other genes that underly thermomorphogenesis in shoots. However, a mutant in cryptochrome 2 was disrupted substantially in both cell division and elongation, specifically at 15°C. Among the 34 lines, cell production rate varied extensively and was associated only weakly with root growth rate; in contrast, parameters relating to elongation were stable. Our data are consistent with models of root growth that invoke cell non-autonomous regulation for establishing boundaries between meristem, elongation zone and mature zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura J Zimmermann
- Plant Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Vikram D Jathar
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Tobias I Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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2
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Guarneri N, Willig JJ, Willemsen V, Goverse A, Sterken MG, Nibbering P, Lozano Torres JL, Smant G. WOX11-mediated cell size control in Arabidopsis attenuates growth and fecundity of endoparasitic cyst nematodes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39276334 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Cyst nematodes establish permanent feeding structures called syncytia inside the host root vasculature, disrupting the flow of water and minerals. In response, plants form WOX11-mediated adventitious lateral roots at nematode infection sites. WOX11 adventitious lateral rooting modulates tolerance to nematode infections; however, whether this also benefits nematode parasitism remains unknown. Here, we report on bioassays using a 35S::WOX11-SRDX transcriptional repressor mutant to investigate whether WOX11 adventitious lateral rooting promotes syncytium development and thereby female growth and fecundity. Moreover, we chemically inhibited cellulose biosynthesis to verify if WOX11 directly modulates cell wall plasticity in syncytia. Finally, we performed histochemical analyses to test if WOX11 mediates syncytial cell wall plasticity via reactive oxygen species (ROS). Repression of WOX11-mediated transcription specifically enhanced the radial expansion of syncytial elements, increasing both syncytium size and female offspring. The enhanced syncytial hypertrophy observed in the 35S::WOX11-SRDX mutant could be phenocopied by chemical inhibition of cellulose biosynthesis and was associated with elevated levels of ROS at nematode infection sites. We, therefore, conclude that WOX11 restricts radial expansion of nematode-feeding structures and female growth and fecundity, likely by modulating ROS-mediated cell wall plasticity mechanisms. Remarkably, this novel role of WOX11 in plant cell size control is distinct from WOX11 adventitious lateral rooting underlying disease tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Guarneri
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708, PB, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap-Jan Willig
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708, PB, the Netherlands
| | - Viola Willemsen
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Cluster of Plant Developmental Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708, PB, the Netherlands
| | - Aska Goverse
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708, PB, the Netherlands
| | - Mark G Sterken
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708, PB, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter Nibbering
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708, PB, the Netherlands
| | - José L Lozano Torres
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708, PB, the Netherlands
| | - Geert Smant
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, 6708, PB, the Netherlands
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3
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Karpinska B, Foyer CH. Superoxide signalling and antioxidant processing in the plant nucleus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4599-4610. [PMID: 38460122 PMCID: PMC11317529 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The superoxide anion radical (O2·-) is a one-electron reduction product of molecular oxygen. Compared with other forms of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide has limited reactivity. Nevertheless, superoxide reacts with nitric oxide, ascorbate, and the iron moieties of [Fe-S] cluster-containing proteins. Superoxide has largely been neglected as a signalling molecule in the plant literature in favour of the most stable ROS form, hydrogen peroxide. However, superoxide can accumulate in plant cells, particularly in meristems, where superoxide dismutase activity and ascorbate accumulation are limited (or absent), or when superoxide is generated within the lipid environment of membranes. Moreover, oxidation of the nucleus in response to environmental stresses is a widespread phenomenon. Superoxide is generated in many intracellular compartments including mitochondria, chloroplasts, and on the apoplastic/cell wall face of the plasma membrane. However, nuclear superoxide production and functions remain poorly documented in plants. Accumulating evidence suggests that the nuclear pools of antioxidants such as glutathione are discrete and separate from the cytosolic pools, allowing compartment-specific signalling in the nucleus. We consider the potential mechanisms of superoxide generation and targets in the nucleus, together with the importance of antioxidant processing in regulating superoxide signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Karpinska
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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4
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Singh VP, Jaiswal S, Wang Y, Feng S, Tripathi DK, Singh S, Gupta R, Xue D, Xu S, Chen ZH. Evolution of reactive oxygen species cellular targets for plant development. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:865-877. [PMID: 38519324 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the key players in regulating developmental processes of plants. Plants have evolved a large array of gene families to facilitate the ROS-regulated developmental process in roots and leaves. However, the cellular targets of ROS during plant evolutionary development are still elusive. Here, we found early evolution and large expansions of protein families such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in the evolutionarily important plant lineages. We review the recent advances in interactions among ROS, phytohormones, gasotransmitters, and protein kinases. We propose that these signaling molecules act in concert to maintain cellular ROS homeostasis in developmental processes of root and leaf to ensure the fine-tuning of plant growth for better adaptation to the changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Pratap Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj-211002, India.
| | - Saumya Jaiswal
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj-211002, India
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Shouli Feng
- Xianghu Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Crop Nanobiology and Molecular Stress Physiology Lab, Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Samiksha Singh
- Department of Botany, S.N. Sen B.V. Post Graduate College, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur 208001, India
| | - Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, South Korea
| | - Dawei Xue
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Shengchun Xu
- Xianghu Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
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5
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Montes C, Zhang J, Nolan TM, Walley JW. Single-cell proteomics differentiates Arabidopsis root cell types. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024. [PMID: 38923440 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Single-cell proteomics (SCP) is an emerging approach to resolve cellular heterogeneity within complex tissues of multi-cellular organisms. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of SCP on plant samples using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Specifically, we focused on examining isolated single cells from the cortex and endodermis, which are two adjacent root cell types derived from a common stem cell lineage. From 756 root cells, we identified 3763 proteins and 1118 proteins/cell. Ultimately, we focus on 3217 proteins quantified following stringent filtering. Of these, we identified 596 proteins whose expression is enriched in either the cortex or endodermis and are able to differentiate these closely related plant cell types. Collectivity, this study demonstrates that SCP can resolve neighboring cell types with distinct functions, thereby facilitating the identification of biomarkers and candidate proteins to enable functional genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Montes
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology, and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Trevor M Nolan
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Justin W Walley
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology, and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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6
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Lu B, Wang S, Feng H, Wang J, Zhang K, Li Y, Wu P, Zhang M, Xia Y, Peng C, Li C. FERONIA-mediated TIR1/AFB2 oxidation stimulates auxin signaling in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:772-787. [PMID: 38581129 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The phytohormone auxin plays a pivotal role in governing plant growth and development. Although the TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE1/AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX (TIR1/AFB) receptors function in both the nucleus and cytoplasm, the mechanism governing the distribution of TIR1/AFBs between these cellular compartments remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that auxin-mediated oxidation of TIR1/AFB2 is essential for their targeting to the nucleus. We showed that small active molecules, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), are indispensable for the nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution of TIR1/AFB2 in trichoblasts and root hairs. Further studies revealed that this process is regulated by the FERONIA receptor kinase-NADPH oxidase signaling pathway. Interestingly, ROS and NO initiate oxidative modifications in TIR1C140/516 and AFB2C135/511, facilitating their subsequent nuclear import. The oxidized forms of TIR1C140/516 and AFB2C135/511 play a crucial role in enhancing the function of TIR1 and AFB2 in transcriptional auxin responses. Collectively, our study reveals a novel mechanism by which auxin stimulates the transport of TIR1/AFB2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, orchestrated by the FERONIA-ROS signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyan Lu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hanqian Feng
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Kaixing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yilin Li
- National Facility for Protein Science Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ping Wu
- National Facility for Protein Science Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Minmin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yanshu Xia
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chao Peng
- National Facility for Protein Science Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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7
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Foyer CH, Kunert K. The ascorbate-glutathione cycle coming of age. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2682-2699. [PMID: 38243395 PMCID: PMC11066808 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Concepts regarding the operation of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle and the associated water/water cycle in the processing of metabolically generated hydrogen peroxide and other forms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well established in the literature. However, our knowledge of the functions of these cycles and their component enzymes continues to grow and evolve. Recent insights include participation in the intrinsic environmental and developmental signalling pathways that regulate plant growth, development, and defence. In addition to ROS processing, the enzymes of the two cycles not only support the functions of ascorbate and glutathione, they also have 'moonlighting' functions. They are subject to post-translational modifications and have an extensive interactome, particularly with other signalling proteins. In this assessment of current knowledge, we highlight the central position of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in the network of cellular redox systems that underpin the energy-sensitive communication within the different cellular compartments and integrate plant signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - Karl Kunert
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, FABI, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 2001, South Africa
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8
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Zeng J, Geng X, Zhao Z, Zhou W. Tipping the balance: The dynamics of stem cell maintenance and stress responses in plant meristems. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 78:102510. [PMID: 38266375 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Plant meristems contain pools of dividing stem cells that produce new organs for plant growth and development. Environmental factors, including biotic and abiotic stresses and nutrient availability, affect meristem activity and thus the architecture of roots and shoots; understanding how meristems react to changing environmental conditions will shed light on how plants optimize nutrient acquisition and acclimate to different environmental conditions. This review highlights recent exciting advances in this field, mainly in Arabidopsis. We discuss the signaling pathways, genetic regulators, and molecular mechanisms involved in the response of plant meristems to environmental and nutrient cues, and compare the similarities and differences of stress responses between the shoot and root apical meristems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zeng
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Xin Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhong Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
| | - Wenkun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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9
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Uddin N, Li X, Ullah MW, Sethupathy S, Ma K, Zahoor, Elboughdiri N, Khan KA, Zhu D. Lignin developmental patterns and Casparian strip as apoplastic barriers: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129595. [PMID: 38253138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Lignin and Casparian strips are two essential components of plant cells that play critical roles in plant development regulate nutrients and water across the plants cell. Recent studies have extensively investigated lignin diversity and Casparian strip formation, providing valuable insights into plant physiology. This review presents the established lignin biosynthesis pathway, as well as the developmental patterns of lignin and Casparian strip and transcriptional network associated with Casparian strip formation. It describes the biochemical and genetic mechanisms that regulate lignin biosynthesis and deposition in different plants cell types and tissues. Additionally, the review highlights recent studies that have uncovered novel lignin biosynthesis genes and enzymatic pathways, expanding our understanding of lignin diversity. This review also discusses the developmental patterns of Casparian strip in roots and their role in regulating nutrient and water transport, focusing on recent genetic and molecular studies that have identified regulators of Casparian strip formation. Previous research has shown that lignin biosynthesis genes also play a role in Casparian strip formation, suggesting that these processes are interconnected. In conclusion, this comprehensive overview provides insights into the developmental patterns of lignin diversity and Casparian strip as apoplastic barriers. It also identifies future research directions, including the functional characterization of novel lignin biosynthesis genes and the identification of additional regulators of Casparian strip formation. Overall, this review enhances our understanding of the complex and interconnected processes that drive plant growth, pathogen defense, regulation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Uddin
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xia Li
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Muhammad Wajid Ullah
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Sivasamy Sethupathy
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Keyu Ma
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Zahoor
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Noureddine Elboughdiri
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81441, Saudi Arabia; Chemical Engineering Process Department, National School of Engineers Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes 6029, Tunisia
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Applied College, Mahala Campus and the Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production/Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daochen Zhu
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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10
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Zeng J, Wang Y, Wu G, Sun Q, He X, Zhang X, Sun X, Zhao Y, Liu W, Xu D, Dai X, Ma W. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Genes and Pathways Related to Wheat Root Hair Length. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2069. [PMID: 38396749 PMCID: PMC10889798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tube-like outgrowths from root epidermal cells, known as root hairs, enhance water and nutrient absorption, facilitate microbial interactions, and contribute to plant anchorage by expanding the root surface area. Genetically regulated and strongly influenced by environmental conditions, longer root hairs generally enhance water and nutrient absorption, correlating with increased stress resistance. Wheat, a globally predominant crop pivotal for human nutrition, necessitates the identification of long root hair genotypes and their regulatory genes to enhance nutrient capture and yield potential. This study focused on 261 wheat samples of diverse genotypes during germination, revealing noticeable disparities in the length of the root hair among the genotypes. Notably, two long root hair genotypes (W106 and W136) and two short root hair genotypes (W90 and W100) were identified. Transcriptome sequencing resulted in the development of 12 root cDNA libraries, unveiling 1180 shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Further analyses, including GO function annotation, KEGG enrichment, MapMan metabolic pathway analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network prediction, underscored the upregulation of root hair length regulatory genes in the long root hair genotypes. These included genes are associated with GA and BA hormone signaling pathways, FRS/FRF and bHLH transcription factors, phenylpropanoid, lignin, lignan secondary metabolic pathways, the peroxidase gene for maintaining ROS steady state, and the ankyrin gene with diverse biological functions. This study contributes valuable insights into modulating the length of wheat root hair and identifies candidate genes for the genetic improvement of wheat root traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Zeng
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Yongmei Wang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Gang Wu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Qingyi Sun
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Xiaoyan He
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Xuelian Sun
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Wenxing Liu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Dengan Xu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Xuehuan Dai
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.)
| | - Wujun Ma
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.)
- Academy of Dongying Efficient Agricultural Technology and Industry on Saline and Alkaline Land in Collaboration with Qingdao Agricultural University, Dongying 257347, China
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11
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Hao B, Zhang R, Zhang C, Wen N, Xia Y, Zhao Y, Li Q, Qiao L, Li W. Characterization of OsPIN2 Mutants Reveal Novel Roles for Reactive Oxygen Species in Modulating Not Only Root Gravitropism but Also Hypoxia Tolerance in Rice Seedlings. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:476. [PMID: 38498461 PMCID: PMC10892736 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Tolerance to submergence-induced hypoxia is an important agronomic trait especially for crops in lowland and flooding-affected areas. Although rice (Oryza sativa) is considered a flood-tolerant crop, only limited cultivars display strong tolerance to prolonged submergence and/or hypoxic stress. Therefore, characterization of hypoxic resistant genes and/or germplasms have important theoretical and practical significance for rice breeding and sustained improvements. Previous investigations have demonstrated that loss-of-function of OsPIN2, a gene encoding an auxin efflux transporter, results in the loss of root gravitropism due to disrupted auxin transport in the root tip. In this study, we revealed a novel connection between OsPIN2 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in modulating root gravitropism and hypoxia tolerance in rice. It is shown that the OsPIN2 mutant had decreased accumulation of ROS in root tip, due to the downregulation of glycolate oxidase encoding gene OsGOX6, one of the main H2O2 sources. The morphological defects of root including waved rooting and agravitropism in OsPIN2 mutant may be rescued partly by exogenous application of H2O2. The OsPIN2 mutant exhibited increased resistance to ROS toxicity in roots due to treatment with H2O2. Furthermore, it is shown that the OsPIN2 mutant had increased tolerance to hypoxic stress accompanied by lower ROS accumulation in roots, because the hypoxia stress led to over production of ROS in the roots of the wild type but not in that of OsPIN2 mutant. Accordingly, the anoxic resistance-related gene SUB1B showed differential expression in the root of the WT and OsPIN2 mutant in response to hypoxic conditions. Notably, compared with the wild type, the OsPIN2 mutant displayed a different pattern of auxin distribution in the root under hypoxia stress. It was shown that hypoxia stress caused a significant increase in auxin distribution in the root tip of the WT but not in that of the war1 mutant. In summary, these results suggested that OsPIN2 may play a role in regulating ROS accumulation probably via mediating auxin transport and distribution in the root tip, affecting root gravitropism and hypoxic tolerance in rice seedlings. These findings may contribute to the genetic improvement and identification of potential hypoxic tolerant lines in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (B.H.); (R.Z.); (C.Z.); (N.W.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.Q.)
| | - Ruihan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (B.H.); (R.Z.); (C.Z.); (N.W.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.Q.)
| | - Chengwei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (B.H.); (R.Z.); (C.Z.); (N.W.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.Q.)
| | - Na Wen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (B.H.); (R.Z.); (C.Z.); (N.W.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.Q.)
| | - Yu Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (B.H.); (R.Z.); (C.Z.); (N.W.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.Q.)
| | - Yang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (B.H.); (R.Z.); (C.Z.); (N.W.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.Q.)
| | - Qinying Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (B.H.); (R.Z.); (C.Z.); (N.W.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.Q.)
| | - Lei Qiao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (B.H.); (R.Z.); (C.Z.); (N.W.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.Q.)
| | - Wenqiang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (B.H.); (R.Z.); (C.Z.); (N.W.); (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (L.Q.)
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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12
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Berthelier TH, Cabanac SC, Callot C, Bellec A, Mathé C, Jamet E, Dunand C. Evolutionary Analysis of Six Gene Families Part of the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Gene Network in Three Brassicaceae Species. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1938. [PMID: 38339216 PMCID: PMC10856686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change is expected to intensify the occurrence of abiotic stress in plants, such as hypoxia and salt stresses, leading to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which need to be effectively managed by various oxido-reductases encoded by the so-called ROS gene network. Here, we studied six oxido-reductases families in three Brassicaceae species, Arabidopsis thaliana as well as Nasturtium officinale and Eutrema salsugineum, which are adapted to hypoxia and salt stress, respectively. Using available and new genomic data, we performed a phylogenomic analysis and compared RNA-seq data to study genomic and transcriptomic adaptations. This comprehensive approach allowed for the gaining of insights into the impact of the adaptation to saline or hypoxia conditions on genome organization (gene gains and losses) and transcriptional regulation. Notably, the comparison of the N. officinale and E. salsugineum genomes to that of A. thaliana highlighted changes in the distribution of ohnologs and homologs, particularly affecting class III peroxidase genes (CIII Prxs). These changes were specific to each gene, to gene families subjected to duplication events and to each species, suggesting distinct evolutionary responses. The analysis of transcriptomic data has allowed for the identification of genes related to stress responses in A. thaliana, and, conversely, to adaptation in N. officinale and E. salsugineum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Horst Berthelier
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France; (T.H.B.); (S.C.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Sébastien Christophe Cabanac
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France; (T.H.B.); (S.C.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Caroline Callot
- Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales, INRAE, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France; (C.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Arnaud Bellec
- Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales, INRAE, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France; (C.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Catherine Mathé
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France; (T.H.B.); (S.C.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Elisabeth Jamet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France; (T.H.B.); (S.C.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Christophe Dunand
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France; (T.H.B.); (S.C.C.); (C.M.)
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13
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Gupta S, Guérin A, Herger A, Hou X, Schaufelberger M, Roulard R, Diet A, Roffler S, Lefebvre V, Wicker T, Pelloux J, Ringli C. Growth-inhibiting effects of the unconventional plant APYRASE 7 of Arabidopsis thaliana influences the LRX/RALF/FER growth regulatory module. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011087. [PMID: 38190412 PMCID: PMC10824444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant cell growth involves coordination of numerous processes and signaling cascades among the different cellular compartments to concomitantly enlarge the protoplast and the surrounding cell wall. The cell wall integrity-sensing process involves the extracellular LRX (LRR-Extensin) proteins that bind RALF (Rapid ALkalinization Factor) peptide hormones and, in vegetative tissues, interact with the transmembrane receptor kinase FERONIA (FER). This LRX/RALF/FER signaling module influences cell wall composition and regulates cell growth. The numerous proteins involved in or influenced by this module are beginning to be characterized. In a genetic screen, mutations in Apyrase 7 (APY7) were identified to suppress growth defects observed in lrx1 and fer mutants. APY7 encodes a Golgi-localized NTP-diphosphohydrolase, but opposed to other apyrases of Arabidopsis, APY7 revealed to be a negative regulator of cell growth. APY7 modulates the growth-inhibiting effect of RALF1, influences the cell wall architecture and -composition, and alters the pH of the extracellular matrix, all of which affect cell growth. Together, this study reveals a function of APY7 in cell wall formation and cell growth that is connected to growth processes influenced by the LRX/RALF/FER signaling module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibu Gupta
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Guérin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aline Herger
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoyu Hou
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Myriam Schaufelberger
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Romain Roulard
- UMR INRAe BioEcoAgro, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, Amiens, France
| | - Anouck Diet
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Roffler
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Lefebvre
- UMR INRAe BioEcoAgro, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, Amiens, France
| | - Thomas Wicker
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Pelloux
- UMR INRAe BioEcoAgro, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, Amiens, France
| | - Christoph Ringli
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Kumar A, Verma K, Kashyap R, Joshi VJ, Sircar D, Yadav SR. Auxin-responsive ROS homeostasis genes display dynamic expression pattern during rice crown root primordia morphogenesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108307. [PMID: 38159549 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated continuously as a by-product of aerobic metabolism in plants. While excessive ROS cause oxidative stresses in cells, they act as signaling molecules when maintained at an optimum concentration through the dynamic equilibrium of ROS metabolizing mechanisms to regulate growth, development and response to environmental stress. Auxin and its crosstalk with other signaling cascades are crucial for maintaining ROS homeostasis and orchestrating root architecture but dissecting the underlying mechanism requires detailed investigation at the molecular level. Rice fibrous root system is primarily composed of shoot-derived adventitious roots (also called crown roots). Here, we uncover auxin-ROS cross-talk during initiation and growth of rice roots. Potassium iodide treatment changes ROS levels that results in an altered rice root architecture. We reveal that auxin induction recover root growth and development defects by recouping level of hydrogen peroxide. By comparing global datasets previously generated by auxin induction and laser capture microdissection-RNA sequencing, we identify the redox-related antioxidants genes from peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, and thioredoxin reductase families whose expression is regulated by the auxin signaling and also display dynamic expression patterns during crown root primordia morphogenesis. The auxin-mediated differential transcriptome data were validated by quantifying expression levels of a set of genes upon auxin induction. Further, in-depth spatio-temporal expression pattern analysis by RNA in situ hybridization shows the spatially restricted expression of selected genes in the developing crown root primordia. Together, our findings uncover molecular components of auxin-ROS crosstalk involved in root organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Komal Verma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rohan Kashyap
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vedika Jayant Joshi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Debabrata Sircar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shri Ram Yadav
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
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15
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Qin Q. ROS: Important factor in plant stem cell fate regulation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 289:154082. [PMID: 37690340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are initially considered to be toxic byproducts of aerobic metabolic reactions. However, increasing evidence has shown that they have emerged as signaling molecules involved in several basic biological processes. Recent studies highlight the pivotal role of ROS in the maintenance of shoot and root stem cell niche. In this review, we discuss the impact of ROS distribution and their gradients on the stability of the stem cell niches (SCN) in shoot apical meristem (SAM) and root apical meristem (RAM) by determining the balance between stemness and differentiation. We also summarize several important transcription factors that are involved in the regulation of ROS balance in SAM and RAM, regulating key enzymes in ROS metabolism, especially SOD and peroxidase. ROS are also tightly interconnected with phytohormones in the control of the stem cell fate. Besides, ROS are also important regulators of the cell cycle in controlling the size of the stem cells. Understanding the regulation mechanisms of ROS production, polarization gradient distribution, homeostasis, and downstream signal transduction in cells will open exciting new perspectives for plant developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Gene Editing for Breeding, Gansu Province, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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16
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Geng L, Yu S, Zhang Y, Su L, Lu W, Zhu H, Jiang X. Transcription factor RcNAC091 enhances rose drought tolerance through the abscisic acid-dependent pathway. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1695-1712. [PMID: 37364582 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
NAC (NAM, ATAF1,2, and CUC2) transcription factors (TFs) play critical roles in controlling plant growth, development, and abiotic stress responses. However, few studies have examined NAC proteins related to drought stress tolerance in rose (Rosa chinensis). Here, we identified a drought- and abscisic acid (ABA)-induced NAC TF, RcNAC091, that localizes to the nucleus and has transcriptional activation activity. Virus-induced silencing of RcNAC091 resulted in decreased drought stress tolerance, and RcNAC091 overexpression had the opposite effect. Specifically, ABA mediated RcNAC091-regulated drought tolerance. A transcriptomic comparison showed altered expression of genes involved in ABA signaling and oxidase metabolism in RcNAC091-silenced plants. We further confirmed that RcNAC091 directly targets the promoter of RcWRKY71 in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, RcWRKY71-slienced rose plants were not sensitive to both ABA and drought stress, whereas RcWRKY71-overexpressing plants were hypersensitive to ABA, which resulted in drought-tolerant phenotypes. The expression of ABA biosynthesis- and signaling-related genes was impaired in RcWRKY71-slienced plants, suggesting that RcWRKY71 might facilitate the ABA-dependent pathway. Therefore, our results show that RcWRKY71 is transcriptionally activated by RcNAC091, which positively modulates ABA signaling and drought responses. The results of this study provide insights into the roles of TFs as functional links between RcNAC091 and RcWRKY71 in priming resistance; our findings also have implications for the approaches to enhance the drought resistance of roses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Geng
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Yichang Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Lin Su
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Wanpei Lu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Xinqiang Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
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17
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Pinit S, Ariyakulkiat L, Chaiwanon J. Rice straw-derived smoke water promotes rice root growth under phosphorus deficiency by modulating oxidative stress and photosynthetic gene expression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14802. [PMID: 37684292 PMCID: PMC10491667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41987-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived smoke has been shown to promote plant growth and seed germination, but its roles and mechanisms in response to nutrient deficiency stress remain unclear. Plants respond to phosphorus (P) deficiency by undergoing morphological, physiological, and transcriptional changes in order to improve nutrient uptake efficiency. Here, we showed that rice straw-derived smoke water could promote root growth in rice (Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare) grown under P-sufficient and P-deficient conditions. Transcriptome analysis of the root tissues identified 1309 genes up-regulated and 1311 genes down-regulated by smoke water under P-deficient conditions. The GO terms 'glutathione transferase activity' and 'photosynthesis-light reaction' were found to be significantly enriched among the genes that were up- and down-regulated by smoke water, respectively. Biochemical analysis showed that smoke water reduced P-deficient-induced accumulation of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation marker, reduced sucrose contents, but increased Fe accumulation. Furthermore, smoke water suppressed the expression of strigolactone biosynthesis genes, which were strongly induced by P deficiency as an adaptive strategy to improve root P uptake. These results revealed a potential mechanism by which smoke water promotes root growth and interacts with P deficiency-induced transcriptional regulation to mitigate P deficiency stress in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sompop Pinit
- Center of Excellence in Environment and Plant Physiology, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Lalichat Ariyakulkiat
- Center of Excellence in Environment and Plant Physiology, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Juthamas Chaiwanon
- Center of Excellence in Environment and Plant Physiology, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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18
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Esparza-Reynoso S, Ávalos-Rangel A, Pelagio-Flores R, López-Bucio J. Reactive oxygen species and NADPH oxidase-encoding genes underly the plant growth and developmental responses to Trichoderma. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:1257-1269. [PMID: 36877382 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01847-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The modulation of plant growth and development through reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a hallmark during the interactions with microorganisms, but how fungi and their molecules influence endogenous ROS production in the root remains unknown. In this report, we correlated the biostimulant effect of Trichoderma atroviride with Arabidopsis root development via ROS signaling. T. atroviride enhanced ROS accumulation in primary root tips, lateral root primordia, and emerged lateral roots as revealed by total ROS imaging through the fluorescent probe H2DCF-DA and NBT detection. Acidification of the substrate and emission of the volatile organic compound 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one appear to be major factors by which the fungus triggers ROS accumulation. Besides, the disruption of plant NADPH oxidases, also known as respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) including ROBHA, RBOHD, but mainly RBOHE, impaired root and shoot fresh weight and the root branching enhanced by the fungus in vitro. RbohE mutant plants displayed poor lateral root proliferation and lower superoxide levels than wild-type seedlings in both primary and lateral roots, indicating a role for this enzyme for T. atroviride-induced root branching. These data shed light on the roles of ROS as messengers for plant growth and root architectural changes during the plant-Trichoderma interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraí Esparza-Reynoso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria C. P, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Adrián Ávalos-Rangel
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria C. P, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Ramón Pelagio-Flores
- Facultad de Químico Farmacobiología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, C. P, 58240, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - José López-Bucio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B3, Ciudad Universitaria C. P, 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
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19
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Jeon D, Kim JB, Kang BC, Kim C. Deciphering the Genetic Mechanisms of Salt Tolerance in Sorghum bicolor L.: Key Genes and SNP Associations from Comparative Transcriptomic Analyses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2639. [PMID: 37514252 PMCID: PMC10384642 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum bicolor L. is a vital cereal crop for global food security. Its adaptability to diverse climates make it economically, socially, and environmentally valuable. However, soil salinization caused by climate extremes poses a threat to sorghum. This study aimed to identify candidate salt-tolerant genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by performing a comparative transcriptome analysis on a mutant sorghum line and its wild type. The mutant line was generated through gamma ray exposure and selection for salt tolerance. Phenotypic measurements were taken, followed by mRNA sequencing and variant calling. In this study, potential genes and non-synonymous SNPs associated with salt tolerance were inferred, including LOC8071970, LOC8067721, LOC110430887, LOC8070256, and LOC8056880. These genes demonstrated notable differences in nsSNPs in comparison to the wild type, suggesting their potential roles in salt tolerance. Additionally, LOC8060874 (cyanohydrin beta-glucosyltransferase) was suggested as a key gene involved in salt tolerance due to its possible role in dhurrin biosynthesis under salt stress. In upcoming research, additional reverse genetics studies will be necessary in order to verify the function of those candidate genes in relation to salt stress. In conclusion, this study underscores the significance of investigating salt tolerance mechanisms and the potential key genes associated with salt tolerance in sorghum. Our findings may provide insights for future breeding strategies aimed at enhancing salinity tolerance and crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Jeon
- Department of Science in Smart Agriculture System, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Baek Kim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Beum-Chang Kang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural Life Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Department of Science in Smart Agriculture System, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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20
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Wang X, Fu J, Jiang C, Liao X, Chen Y, Jia T, Chen G, Feng X. Specific and Long-Term Luminescent Monitoring of Hydrogen Peroxide in Tumor Metastasis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210948. [PMID: 36848628 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent monitoring of endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) in tumors is conducive to understanding metastasis and developing novel therapeutics. The clinical transformation is obstructed by the limited light penetration depth, toxicity of nano-probes, and lack of long-term monitoring modes of up to days or months. New monitoring modes are introduced via specific probes and implantable devices, which can achieve real-time monitoring with a readout frequency of 0.01 s or long-term monitoring for months to years. Near-infrared dye-sensitized upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are fabricated as the luminescent probes, and the specificity to reactive oxygen species is subtly regulated by the self-assembled monolayers on the surfaces of UCNPs. Combined with the passive implanted system, a 20-day monitoring of H2 O2 in the rat model of ovarian cancer with peritoneal metastasis is achieved, in which the limited light penetration depth and toxicity of nano-probes are circumvented. The developed monitoring modes show great potential in accelerating the clinical transformation of nano-probes and biochemical detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindong Wang
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, No. 30 Shuangqing Road, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures, Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 Xidazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU, No. 906, YaTai Road, Jiaxing, 314006, P. R. China
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics based Intelligent Sensing and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Jiaxing, 314006, P. R. China
| | - Ji Fu
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU, No. 906, YaTai Road, Jiaxing, 314006, P. R. China
| | - Chang Jiang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures, Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 Xidazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Liao
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU, No. 906, YaTai Road, Jiaxing, 314006, P. R. China
| | - Yiju Chen
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU, No. 906, YaTai Road, Jiaxing, 314006, P. R. China
| | - Tao Jia
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures, Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 Xidazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Guanying Chen
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures, Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 Xidazhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xue Feng
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, No. 30 Shuangqing Road, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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21
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Viola IL, Alem AL, Jure RM, Gonzalez DH. Physiological Roles and Mechanisms of Action of Class I TCP Transcription Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065437. [PMID: 36982512 PMCID: PMC10049435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA, PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR 1 and 2 (TCP) proteins constitute a plant-specific transcription factors family exerting effects on multiple aspects of plant development, such as germination, embryogenesis, leaf and flower morphogenesis, and pollen development, through the recruitment of other factors and the modulation of different hormonal pathways. They are divided into two main classes, I and II. This review focuses on the function and regulation of class I TCP proteins (TCPs). We describe the role of class I TCPs in cell growth and proliferation and summarize recent progresses in understanding the function of class I TCPs in diverse developmental processes, defense, and abiotic stress responses. In addition, their function in redox signaling and the interplay between class I TCPs and proteins involved in immunity and transcriptional and posttranslational regulation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana L. Viola
- Correspondence: (I.L.V.); (D.H.G.); Tel.: +54-342-4511370 (ext. 5021) (I.L.V.)
| | | | | | - Daniel H. Gonzalez
- Correspondence: (I.L.V.); (D.H.G.); Tel.: +54-342-4511370 (ext. 5021) (I.L.V.)
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22
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Mukherjee S, Corpas FJ. H 2 O 2 , NO, and H 2 S networks during root development and signalling under physiological and challenging environments: Beneficial or toxic? PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:688-717. [PMID: 36583401 PMCID: PMC10108057 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a key modulator of the development and architecture of the root system under physiological and adverse environmental conditions. Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) also exert myriad functions on plant development and signalling. Accumulating pieces of evidence show that depending upon the dose and mode of applications, NO and H2 S can have synergistic or antagonistic actions in mediating H2 O2 signalling during root development. Thus, H2 O2 -NO-H2 S crosstalk might essentially impart tolerance to elude oxidative stress in roots. Growth and proliferation of root apex involve crucial orchestration of NO and H2 S-mediated ROS signalling which also comprise other components including mitogen-activated protein kinase, cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH), and Ca2+ flux. This assessment provides a comprehensive update on the cooperative roles of NO and H2 S in modulating H2 O2 homoeostasis during root development, abiotic stress tolerance, and root-microbe interaction. Furthermore, it also analyses the scopes of some fascinating future investigations associated with strigolactone and karrikins concerning H2 O2 -NO-H2 S crosstalk in plant roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur CollegeUniversity of KalyaniWest BengalIndia
| | - Francisco J. Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Stress, Development and Signalling in PlantsEstación Experimental del Zaidín (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC)GranadaSpain
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23
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Su SH, Levine HG, Masson PH. Brachypodium distachyon Seedlings Display Accession-Specific Morphological and Transcriptomic Responses to the Microgravity Environment of the International Space Station. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030626. [PMID: 36983782 PMCID: PMC10058394 DOI: 10.3390/life13030626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have been recognized as key components of bioregenerative life support systems for space exploration, and many experiments have been carried out to evaluate their adaptability to spaceflight. Unfortunately, few of these experiments have involved monocot plants, which constitute most of the crops used on Earth as sources of food, feed, and fiber. To better understand the ability of monocot plants to adapt to spaceflight, we germinated and grew Brachypodium distachyon seedlings of the Bd21, Bd21-3, and Gaz8 accessions in a customized growth unit on the International Space Station, along with 1-g ground controls. At the end of a 4-day growth period, seedling organ’s growth and morphologies were quantified, and root and shoot transcriptomic profiles were investigated using RNA-seq. The roots of all three accessions grew more slowly and displayed longer root hairs under microgravity conditions relative to ground control. On the other hand, the shoots of Bd21-3 and Gaz-8 grew at similar rates between conditions, whereas those of Bd21 grew more slowly under microgravity. The three Brachypodium accessions displayed dramatically different transcriptomic responses to microgravity relative to ground controls, with the largest numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) found in Gaz8 (4527), followed by Bd21 (1353) and Bd21-3 (570). Only 47 and six DEGs were shared between accessions for shoots and roots, respectively, including DEGs encoding wall-associated proteins and photosynthesis-related DEGs. Furthermore, DEGs associated with the “Oxidative Stress Response” GO group were up-regulated in the shoots and down-regulated in the roots of Bd21 and Gaz8, indicating that Brachypodium roots and shoots deploy distinct biological strategies to adapt to the microgravity environment. A comparative analysis of the Brachypodium oxidative-stress response DEGs with the Arabidopsis ROS wheel suggests a connection between retrograde signaling, light response, and decreased expression of photosynthesis-related genes in microgravity-exposed shoots. In Gaz8, DEGs were also found to preferentially associate with the “Plant Hormonal Signaling” and “MAP Kinase Signaling” KEGG pathways. Overall, these data indicate that Brachypodium distachyon seedlings exposed to the microgravity environment of ISS display accession- and organ-specific responses that involve oxidative stress response, wall remodeling, photosynthesis inhibition, expression regulation, ribosome biogenesis, and post-translational modifications. The general characteristics of these responses are similar to those displayed by microgravity-exposed Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. However, organ- and accession-specific components of the response dramatically differ both within and between species. These results suggest a need to directly evaluate candidate-crop responses to microgravity to better understand their specific adaptability to this novel environment and develop cultivation strategies allowing them to strive during spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Heng Su
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 425 G Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Correspondence: (S.-H.S.); (P.H.M.)
| | - Howard G. Levine
- NASA John F. Kennedy Space Center, Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, FL 32899, USA
| | - Patrick H. Masson
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 425 G Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Correspondence: (S.-H.S.); (P.H.M.)
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24
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Bartos A, Sikora J. Bioinorganic Modulators of Ferroptosis: A Review of Recent Findings. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3634. [PMID: 36835045 PMCID: PMC9967694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis was first reported as a separate modality of regulated cell death in 2008 and distinguished under its current name in 2012 after it was first induced with erastin. In the following decade, multiple other chemical agents were researched for their pro- or anti-ferroptotic properties. Complex organic structures with numerous aromatic moieties make up the majority of this list. This review fills a more overlooked niche by gathering, outlining and setting out conclusions regarding less prominent cases of ferroptosis induced by bioinorganic compounds and reported on within the last few years. The article contains a short summary of the application of bioinorganic chemicals based on gallium, several chalcogens, transition metals and elements known as human toxicants used for the purpose of evoking ferroptotic cell death in vitro or in vivo. These are used in the form of free ions, salts, chelates, gaseous and solid oxides or nanoparticles. Knowledge of how exactly these modulators promote or inhibit ferroptosis could be beneficial in the context of future therapies aimed against cancer or neurodegenerative diseases, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Bartos
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Jana Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Sikora
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Jana Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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25
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Tarkowski ŁP, Signorelli S, Considine MJ, Montrichard F. Integration of reactive oxygen species and nutrient signalling to shape root system architecture. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:379-390. [PMID: 36479711 PMCID: PMC10107350 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Yield losses due to nutrient deficiency are estimated as the primary cause of the yield gap worldwide. Understanding how plant roots perceive external nutrient status and elaborate morphological adaptations in response to it is necessary to develop reliable strategies to increase crop yield. In the last decade, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were shown to be key players of the mechanisms underlying root responses to nutrient limitation. ROS contribute in multiple ways to shape the root system in response to nutritional cues, both as direct effectors acting on cell wall architecture and as second messengers in signalling pathways. Here, we review the mutual interconnections existing between perception and signalling of the most common forms of the major macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), and ROS in shaping plant root system architecture. We discuss recent advances in dissecting the integration of these elements and their impact on morphological traits of the root system, highlighting the functional ductility of ROS and enzymes implied in ROS metabolism, such as class III peroxidases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Santiago Signorelli
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Food and Plant Biology group, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de AgronomíaUniversidad de la RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay
| | - Michael J. Considine
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional DevelopmentPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
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26
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Endophytic Pseudomonas sp. from Agave palmeri Participate in the Rhizophagy Cycle and Act as Biostimulants in Crop Plants. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121790. [PMID: 36552299 PMCID: PMC9775861 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting bacteria are generating increasing interest in the agricultural industry as a promising alternative to traditional chemical fertilizers; however, much of the focus has been on rhizosphere bacteria. Bacterial endophytes are another promising source of plant growth-promoting bacteria, and though many plants have already been prospected for beneficial microbes, desert plants have been underrepresented in such studies. In this study, we show the growth-promoting potential of five strains of endophytic Pseudomonas sp. isolated from Agave palmeri, an agave from the Sonoran Desert. When inoculated onto Kentucky bluegrass, clover, carrot, coriander, and wheat, endophytic Pseudomonas sp. increased seedling root lengths in all hosts and seedling shoot lengths in Kentucky bluegrass, carrot, and wheat. Transformation of the Pseudomonas sp. strain P3AW to express the fluorescent protein mCherry revealed that Pseudomonas sp. becomes endophytic in non-native hosts and participates in parts of the rhizophagy cycle, a process by which endophytic bacteria cycle between the soil and roots, bringing in nutrients from the soil which are then extracted through reactive oxygen-mediated bacterial degradation in the roots. Tracking of the Pseudomonas sp. strain P3AW also provided evidence for a system of endophyte, or endophyte cell content, transport via the vascular bundle. These results provide further evidence of the rhizophagy cycle in plants and how it relates to growth promotion in plants by biostimulant bacteria.
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27
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Kim M, Yang SH, Han HG, Kim E, Kim S, Oh YL, Ro HS. Mitochondrial Effects on the Physiological Characteristics of Lentinula edodes. MYCOBIOLOGY 2022; 50:374-381. [PMID: 36404899 PMCID: PMC9645275 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2022.2138226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the mating of filamentous basidiomycetes, dikaryotic mycelia are generated through the reciprocal movement of nuclei to a monokaryotic cytoplasm where a nucleus of compatible mating type resides, resulting in the establishment of two different dikaryotic strains having the same nuclei but different mitochondria. To better understand the role of mitochondria in mushrooms, we created four sets of dikaryotic strains of Lentinula edodes, including B2 × E13 (B2 side) and B2 × E13 (E13 side), B5 × E13 (B5 side) and B5 × E13 (E13 side), E8 × H3 (E8 side) and E8 × H3 (H3 side), and K3 × H3 (K3 side) and K3 × H3 (H3 side). The karyotypes and mitochondrial types of the dikaryotic strains were successfully identified by the A mating type markers and the mitochondrial variable length tandem repeat markers, respectively. Comparative analyses of the dikaryotic strains on the mycelial growth, substrate browning, fruiting characteristics, and mitochondrial gene expression revealed that certain mitochondria are more effective in the mycelial growth and the production of fruiting body, possibly through the activated energy metabolism. Our findings indicate that mitochondria affect the physiology of dikaryotic strains having the same nuclear information and therefore a selection strategy aimed at mitochondrial function is needed in the development of new mushroom strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseek Kim
- Department of Biomedical Bigdata (BK4 Plus) and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Mushroom Science Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hyeok Yang
- Department of Biomedical Bigdata (BK4 Plus) and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Gang Han
- Department of Biomedical Bigdata (BK4 Plus) and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbi Kim
- Department of Biomedical Bigdata (BK4 Plus) and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sinil Kim
- Department of Biomedical Bigdata (BK4 Plus) and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Lee Oh
- Mushroom Science Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Su Ro
- Department of Biomedical Bigdata (BK4 Plus) and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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28
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Cantabella D, Karpinska B, Teixidó N, Dolcet-Sanjuan R, Foyer CH. Non-volatile signals and redox mechanisms are required for the responses of Arabidopsis roots to Pseudomonas oryzihabitans. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:6971-6982. [PMID: 36001048 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil bacteria promote plant growth and protect against environmental stresses, but the mechanisms involved remain poorly characterized, particularly when there is no direct contact between the roots and bacteria. Here, we explored the effects of Pseudomonas oryzihabitans PGP01 on the root system architecture (RSA) in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Significant increases in lateral root (LR) density were observed when seedlings were grown in the presence of P. oryzihabitans, as well as an increased abundance of transcripts associated with altered nutrient transport and phytohormone responses. However, no bacterial transcripts were detected on the root samples by RNAseq analysis, demonstrating that the bacteria do not colonize the roots. Separating the agar containing bacteria from the seedlings prevented the bacteria-induced changes in RSA. Bacteria-induced changes in RSA were absent from mutants defective in ethylene response factor (ERF109), glutathione synthesis (pad2-1, cad2-1, and rax1-1) and in strigolactone synthesis (max3-9 and max4-1) or signalling (max2-3). However, the P. oryzihabitans-induced changes in RSA were similar in the low ascorbate mutants (vtc2-1and vtc2-2) to the wild-type controls. Taken together, these results demonstrate the importance of non-volatile signals and redox mechanisms in the root architecture regulation that occurs following long-distance perception of P. oryzihabitans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cantabella
- Institute of Research and Agrofood technology (IRTA) Postharvest Program, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
- IRTA, Plant In Vitro Culture Laboratory, Fruticulture Program, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Barbara Karpinska
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Neus Teixidó
- Institute of Research and Agrofood technology (IRTA) Postharvest Program, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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29
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Dimitrova A, Sferra G, Scippa GS, Trupiano D. Network-Based Analysis to Identify Hub Genes Involved in Spatial Root Response to Mechanical Constrains. Cells 2022; 11:3121. [PMID: 36231084 PMCID: PMC9564363 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies report that the asymmetric response, observed along the main poplar woody bent root axis, was strongly related to both the type of mechanical forces (compression or tension) and the intensity of force displacement. Despite a large number of targets that have been proposed to trigger this asymmetry, an understanding of the comprehensive and synergistic effect of the antistress spatially related pathways is still lacking. Recent progress in the bioinformatics area has the potential to fill these gaps through the use of in silico studies, able to investigate biological functions and pathway overlaps, and to identify promising targets in plant responses. Presently, for the first time, a comprehensive network-based analysis of proteomic signatures was used to identify functions and pivotal genes involved in the coordinated signalling pathways and molecular activities that asymmetrically modulate the response of different bent poplar root sectors and sides. To accomplish this aim, 66 candidate proteins, differentially represented across the poplar bent root sides and sectors, were grouped according to their abundance profile patterns and mapped, together with their first neighbours, on a high-confidence set of interactions from STRING to compose specific cluster-related subnetworks (I-VI). Successively, all subnetworks were explored by a functional gene set enrichment analysis to identify enriched gene ontology terms. Subnetworks were then analysed to identify the genes that are strongly interconnected with other genes (hub gene) and, thus, those that have a pivotal role in the bent root asymmetric response. The analysis revealed novel information regarding the response coordination, communication, and potential signalling pathways asymmetrically activated along the main root axis, delegated mainly to Ca2+ (for new lateral root formation) and ROS (for gravitropic response and lignin accumulation) signatures. Furthermore, some of the data indicate that the concave side of the bent sector, where the mechanical forces are most intense, communicates to the other (neighbour and distant) sectors, inducing spatially related strategies to ensure water uptake and accompanying cell modification. This information could be critical for understanding how plants maintain and improve their structural integrity-whenever and wherever it is necessary-in natural mechanical stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dalila Trupiano
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy
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30
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Martin RE, Postiglione AE, Muday GK. Reactive oxygen species function as signaling molecules in controlling plant development and hormonal responses. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 69:102293. [PMID: 36099672 PMCID: PMC10475289 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as second messengers in plant signaling pathways to remodel plant growth and development. New insights into how enzymatic ROS-producing machinery is regulated by hormones or localized during development have provided a framework for understanding the mechanisms that control ROS accumulation patterns. Signaling-mediated increases in ROS can then modulate the activity of proteins through reversible oxidative modification of specific cysteine residues. Plants also control the synthesis of antioxidants, including plant-specialized metabolites, to further define when, where, and how much ROS accumulate. The availability of sophisticated imaging capabilities, combined with a growing tool kit of ROS detection technologies, particularly genetically encoded biosensors, sets the stage for improved understanding of ROS as signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Emily Martin
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA; Department of Biology and the Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Anthony E Postiglione
- Department of Biology and the Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Gloria K Muday
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA; Department of Biology and the Center for Molecular Signaling, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA.
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31
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Liu D, Shen Z, Zhuang K, Qiu Z, Deng H, Ke Q, Liu H, Han H. Systematic Annotation Reveals CEP Function in Tomato Root Development and Abiotic Stress Response. Cells 2022; 11:2935. [PMID: 36230896 PMCID: PMC9562649 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most important vegetable crops worldwide; however, environmental stressors severely restrict tomato growth and yield. Therefore, it is of great interest to discover novel regulators to improve tomato growth and environmental stress adaptions. Here, we applied a comprehensive bioinformatics approach to identify putative tomato C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE (CEP) genes and to explore their potential physiological function in tomato root development and abiotic stress responses. A total of 17 tomato CEP genes were identified and grouped into two subgroups based on the similarity of CEP motifs. The public RNA-Seq data revealed that tomato CEP genes displayed a diverse expression pattern in tomato tissues. Additionally, CEP genes expression was differentially regulated by nitrate or ammonium status in roots and shoots, respectively. The differences in expression levels of CEP genes induced by nitrogen indicate a potential involvement of CEPs in tomato nitrogen acquisition. The synthetic CEP peptides promoted tomato primary root growth, which requires nitric oxide (NO) and calcium signaling. Furthermore, we also revealed that CEP peptides improved tomato root resistance to salinity. Overall, our work will contribute to provide novel genetic breeding strategies for tomato cultivation under adverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Huibin Han
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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32
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Shi W, Wang L, Yao L, Hao W, Han C, Fan M, Wang W, Bai MY. Spatially patterned hydrogen peroxide orchestrates stomatal development in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5040. [PMID: 36028510 PMCID: PMC9418256 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32770-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stomatal pores allow gas exchange between plant and atmosphere. Stomatal development is regulated by multiple intrinsic developmental and environmental signals. Here, we show that spatially patterned hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays an essential role in stomatal development. H2O2 is remarkably enriched in meristemoids, which is established by spatial expression patterns of H2O2-scavenging enzyme CAT2 and APX1. SPEECHLESS (SPCH), a master regulator of stomatal development, directly binds to the promoters of CAT2 and APX1 to repress their expression in meristemoid cells. Mutations in CAT2 or APX1 result in an increased stomatal index. Ectopic expression of CAT2 driven by SPCH promoter significantly inhibits the stomatal development. Furthermore, H2O2 activates the energy sensor SnRK1 by inducing the nuclear localization of the catalytic α-subunit KIN10, which stabilizes SPCH to promote stomatal development. Overall, these results demonstrate that the spatial pattern of H2O2 in epidermal leaves is critical for the optimal stomatal development in Arabidopsis. Stomatal development is regulated by multiple intrinsic developmental and environmental signals. Here, the authors show that spatially patterned hydrogen peroxide activates the energy sensor SnRK1 to stabilize the SPCH transcription factor and optimize stomatal development in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Lingyan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Lianmei Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wei Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Chao Han
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Min Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wenfei Wang
- College of Horticulture, College of Life Sciences, Hai xia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ming-Yi Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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33
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Reactive Oxygen Species Distribution Involved in Stipe Gradient Elongation in the Mushroom Flammulina filiformis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121896. [PMID: 35741023 PMCID: PMC9221348 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mushroom stipe raises the pileus above the substrate into a suitable position for dispersing spores. The stipe elongates at different speeds along its length, with the rate of elongation decreasing in a gradient from the top to the base. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying stipe gradient elongation are largely unknown. Here, we used the model basidiomycete mushroom Flammulina filiformis to investigate the mechanism of mushroom stipe elongation and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling in this process. Our results show that O2- and H2O2 exhibit opposite gradient distributions in the stipe, with higher O2- levels in the elongation region (ER), and higher H2O2 levels in the stable region (SR). Moreover, NADPH-oxidase-encoding genes are up-regulated in the ER, have a function in producing O2-, and positively regulate stipe elongation. Genes encoding manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) are up-regulated in the SR, have a function in producing H2O2, and negatively regulate stipe elongation. Altogether, our data demonstrate that ROS (O2-/H2O2) redistribution mediated by NADPH oxidase and MnSODs is linked to the gradient elongation of the F. filiformis stipe.
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Chen H, Lee J, Lee JM, Han M, Emonet A, Lee J, Jia X, Lee Y. MSD2, an apoplastic Mn-SOD, contributes to root skotomorphogenic growth by modulating ROS distribution in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 317:111192. [PMID: 35193741 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play essential roles as a second messenger in various physiological processes in plants. Due to their oxidative nature, ROS can also be harmful. Thus, the generation and homeostasis of ROS are tightly controlled by multiple enzymes. Membrane-localized NADPH oxidases are well known to generate ROS during developmental and stress responses, but the metabolic pathways of the superoxide (O2-) generated by them in the apoplast are poorly understood, and the identity of the apoplastic superoxide dismutase (SOD) is unknown in Arabidopsis. Here, we show that a putative manganese SOD, MSD2 is secreted and possesses a SOD activity that can be inhibited by nitration at tyrosine 68. The expression of MSD2 in roots is light condition-dependent, suggesting that MSD2 may act on ROS metabolism in roots during the light-to-dark transition. Root architecture is governed by ROS distribution that exhibits opposite gradient of H2O2 and O2-, which is indeed altered in etiolated msd2 mutants and accompanied by changes in the onset of differentiation. These results provide a missing link in our understanding of ROS metabolism and suggest that MSD2 plays a role in root skotomorphogenesis by regulating ROS distribution, thereby playing a pivotal role in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huize Chen
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environmental Stress Response in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, PR China; Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsu Lee
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Han
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Aurélia Emonet
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, UNIL-Sorge, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jiyoun Lee
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Xingtian Jia
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environmental Stress Response in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yuree Lee
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Zang L, Tarkowski ŁP, Morère-Le Paven MC, Zivy M, Balliau T, Clochard T, Bahut M, Balzergue S, Pelletier S, Landès C, Limami AM, Montrichard F. The Nitrate Transporter MtNPF6.8 Is a Master Sensor of Nitrate Signal in the Primary Root Tip of Medicago truncatula. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:832246. [PMID: 35371178 PMCID: PMC8971838 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.832246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is not only an essential nutrient for plants, but also a signal involved in plant development. We have previously shown in the model legume Medicago truncatula, that the nitrate signal, which restricts primary root growth, is mediated by MtNPF6.8, a nitrate transporter. Nitrate signal also induces changes in reactive oxygen species accumulation in the root tip due to changes in cell wall peroxidase (PODs) activity. Thus, it was interesting to determine the importance of the role of MtNPF6.8 in the regulation of the root growth by nitrate and identify the POD isoforms responsible for the changes in POD activity. For this purpose, we compared in M. truncatula a npf6.8 mutant and nitrate insensitive line deficient in MtNPF6.8 and the corresponding wild and sensitive genotype for their transcriptomic and proteomic responses to nitrate. Interestingly, only 13 transcripts and no protein were differently accumulated in the primary root tip of the npf6.8-3 mutant line in response to nitrate. The sensitivity of the primary root tip to nitrate appeared therefore to be strongly linked to the integrity of MtNPF6.8 which acts as a master mediator of the nitrate signal involved in the control of the root system architecture. In parallel, 7,259 and 493 genes responded, respectively, at the level of transcripts or proteins in the wild type, 196 genes being identified by both their transcript and protein. By focusing on these 196 genes, a concordance of expression was observed for most of them with 143 genes being up-regulated and 51 being down-regulated at the two gene expression levels. Their ontology analysis uncovered a high enrichment in POD genes, allowing the identification of POD candidates involved in the changes in POD activity previously observed in response to nitrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zang
- Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | | | | | - Michel Zivy
- PAPPSO, GQE – Le Moulon, INRA, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thierry Balliau
- PAPPSO, GQE – Le Moulon, INRA, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thibault Clochard
- Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | | | - Sandrine Balzergue
- Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Sandra Pelletier
- Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Claudine Landès
- Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Anis M. Limami
- Institut Agro, INRAE, IRHS, SFR QUASAV, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
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Cabrera J, Conesa CM, Del Pozo JC. May the dark be with roots: a perspective on how root illumination may bias in vitro research on plant-environment interactions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1988-1997. [PMID: 34942016 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Roots anchor plants to the soil, providing them with nutrients and water while creating a defence network and facilitating beneficial interactions with a multitude of living organisms and climatological conditions. To facilitate morphological and molecular studies, root research has been conducted using in vitro systems. However, under natural conditions, roots grow in the dark, mainly in the absence of illumination, except for the relatively low illumination of the upper soil surface, and this has been largely ignored. Here, we discuss the results found over the last decade on how experimental exposure of roots to light may bias root development and responses through the alteration of hormonal signalling, cytoskeleton organization, reactive oxygen species or the accumulation of flavonoids, among other factors. Illumination alters the uptake of nutrients or water, and also affects the response of the roots to abiotic stresses and root interactions with the microbiota. Furthermore, we review in vitro systems created to maintain roots in darkness, and provide a comparative analysis of root transcriptomes obtained with these devices. Finally, we identify other experimental variables that should be considered to better mimic soil conditions, whose improvement would benefit studies using in vitro cultivation or enclosed ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Cabrera
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPM-INIA/CSIC), UPM, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos M Conesa
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPM-INIA/CSIC), UPM, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Agroambiental y de Biosistemas (ETSIAAB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Del Pozo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPM-INIA/CSIC), UPM, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
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Mansour MMF, Hassan FAS. How salt stress-responsive proteins regulate plant adaptation to saline conditions. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 108:175-224. [PMID: 34964081 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An overview is presented of recent advances in our knowledge of candidate proteins that regulate various physiological and biochemical processes underpinning plant adaptation to saline conditions. Salt stress is one of the environmental constraints that restrict plant distribution, growth and yield in many parts of the world. Increased world population surely elevates food demands all over the globe, which anticipates to add a great challenge to humanity. These concerns have necessitated the scientists to understand and unmask the puzzle of plant salt tolerance mechanisms in order to utilize various strategies to develop salt tolerant crop plants. Salt tolerance is a complex trait involving alterations in physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes. These alterations are a result of genomic and proteomic complement readjustments that lead to tolerance mechanisms. Proteomics is a crucial molecular tool that indicates proteins expressed by the genome, and also identifies the functions of proteins accumulated in response to salt stress. Recently, proteomic studies have shed more light on a range of promising candidate proteins that regulate various processes rendering salt tolerance to plants. These proteins have been shown to be involved in photosynthesis and energy metabolism, ion homeostasis, gene transcription and protein biosynthesis, compatible solute production, hormone modulation, cell wall structure modification, cellular detoxification, membrane stabilization, and signal transduction. These candidate salt responsive proteins can be therefore used in biotechnological approaches to improve tolerance of crop plants to salt conditions. In this review, we provided comprehensive updated information on the proteomic data of plants/genotypes contrasting in salt tolerance in response to salt stress. The roles of salt responsive proteins that are potential determinants for plant salt adaptation are discussed. The relationship between changes in proteome composition and abundance, and alterations observed in physiological and biochemical features associated with salt tolerance are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fahmy A S Hassan
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Yang L, Wang H, Wang P, Gao M, Huang L, Cui X, Liu Y. De novo and comparative transcriptomic analysis explain morphological differences in Panax notoginseng taproots. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:86. [PMID: 35100996 PMCID: PMC8802446 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08283-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen (PN) belonging to the genus Panax of family Araliaceae is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat various diseases. PN taproot, as the most vital organ for the accumulation of bioactive components, presents a variable morphology (oval or long), even within the same environment. However, no related studies have yet explained the molecular mechanism of phenotypic differences. To investigate the cause of differences in the taproot phenotype, de novo and comparative transcriptomic analysis on PN taproot was performed. Results A total of 133,730,886 and 114,761,595 paired-end clean reads were obtained based on high-throughput sequencing from oval and long taproot samples, respectively. 121,955 unigenes with contig N50 = 1,774 bp were generated by using the de novo assembly transcriptome, 63,133 annotations were obtained with the BLAST. And then, 42 genes belong to class III peroxidase (PRX) gene family, 8 genes belong to L-Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) gene family, and 55 genes belong to a series of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) gene family were identified based on integrated annotation results. Differentially expressed genes analysis indicated substantial up-regulation of PnAPX3 and PnPRX45, which are related to reactive oxygen species metabolism, and the PnMPK3 gene, which is related to cell proliferation and plant root development, in long taproots compared with that in oval taproots. Furthermore, the determination results of real-time quantitative PCR, enzyme activity, and H2O2 content verified transcriptomic analysis results. Conclusion These results collectively demonstrate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and the PnMPK3 gene may play vital roles in regulating the taproot phenotype of PN. This study provides further insights into the genetic mechanisms of phenotypic differences in other species of the genus Panax. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08283-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Hanye Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Mingju Gao
- Wenshan University, Wenshan, 663000, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650000, China.,Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng Resources Sustainable Development and Utilization of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650000, China.,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming, 650000, China.,Kunming Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Famous-Region Drug, Kunming, 650000, China.,Sanqi Research Institute of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650000, China. .,Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng Resources Sustainable Development and Utilization of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650000, China. .,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Panax notoginseng, Kunming, 650000, China. .,Kunming Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Famous-Region Drug, Kunming, 650000, China. .,Sanqi Research Institute of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650000, China.
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Stéger A, Palmgren M. Root hair growth from the pH point of view. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:949672. [PMID: 35968128 PMCID: PMC9363702 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.949672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs are tubular outgrowths of epidermal cells that increase the root surface area and thereby make the root more efficient at absorbing water and nutrients. Their expansion is limited to the root hair apex, where growth is reported to take place in a pulsating manner. These growth pulses coincide with oscillations of the apoplastic and cytosolic pH in a similar way as has been reported for pollen tubes. Likewise, the concentrations of apoplastic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytoplasmic Ca2+ oscillate with the same periodicity as growth. Whereas ROS appear to control cell wall extensibility and opening of Ca2+ channels, the role of protons as a growth signal in root hairs is less clear and may differ from that in pollen tubes where plasma membrane H+-ATPases have been shown to sustain growth. In this review, we outline our current understanding of how pH contributes to root hair development.
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Ugalde JM, Lamig L, Herrera-Vásquez A, Fuchs P, Homagk M, Kopriva S, Müller-Schüssele SJ, Holuigue L, Meyer AJ. A dual role for glutathione transferase U7 in plant growth and protection from methyl viologen-induced oxidative stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2451-2468. [PMID: 34599589 PMCID: PMC8644736 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are glutathione-dependent enzymes with versatile functions, mainly related to detoxification of electrophilic xenobiotics and peroxides. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome codes for 53 GSTs, divided into seven subclasses; however, understanding of their precise functions is limited. A recent study showed that class II TGA transcription factors TGA2, TGA5, and TGA6 are essential for tolerance of UV-B-induced oxidative stress and that this tolerance is associated with an antioxidative function of cytosolic tau-GSTs (GSTUs). Specifically, TGA2 controls the expression of several GSTUs under UV-B light, and constitutive expression of GSTU7 in the tga256 triple mutant is sufficient to revert the UV-B-susceptible phenotype of tga256. To further study the function of GSTU7, we characterized its role in mitigation of oxidative damage caused by the herbicide methyl viologen (MV). Under non-stress conditions, gstu7 null mutants were smaller than wild-type (WT) plants and delayed in the onset of the MV-induced antioxidative response, which led to accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and diminished seedling survival. Complementation of gstu7 by constitutive expression of GSTU7 rescued these phenotypes. Furthermore, live monitoring of the glutathione redox potential in intact cells with the fluorescent probe Grx1-roGFP2 revealed that GSTU7 overexpression completely abolished the MV-induced oxidation of the cytosolic glutathione buffer compared with WT plants. GSTU7 acted as a glutathione peroxidase able to complement the lack of peroxidase-type GSTs in yeast. Together, these findings show that GSTU7 is crucial in the antioxidative response by limiting oxidative damage and thus contributes to oxidative stress resistance in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Ugalde
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Liliana Lamig
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Ariel Herrera-Vásquez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Philippe Fuchs
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria Homagk
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Loreto Holuigue
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Andreas J Meyer
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany
- Author for communication:
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Lacek J, García-González J, Weckwerth W, Retzer K. Lessons Learned from the Studies of Roots Shaded from Direct Root Illumination. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12784. [PMID: 34884591 PMCID: PMC8657594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The root is the below-ground organ of a plant, and it has evolved multiple signaling pathways that allow adaptation of architecture, growth rate, and direction to an ever-changing environment. Roots grow along the gravitropic vector towards beneficial areas in the soil to provide the plant with proper nutrients to ensure its survival and productivity. In addition, roots have developed escape mechanisms to avoid adverse environments, which include direct illumination. Standard laboratory growth conditions for basic research of plant development and stress adaptation include growing seedlings in Petri dishes on medium with roots exposed to light. Several studies have shown that direct illumination of roots alters their morphology, cellular and biochemical responses, which results in reduced nutrient uptake and adaptability upon additive stress stimuli. In this review, we summarize recent methods that allow the study of shaded roots under controlled laboratory conditions and discuss the observed changes in the results depending on the root illumination status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Lacek
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.L.); (J.G.-G.)
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Judith García-González
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.L.); (J.G.-G.)
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Molecular Systems Biology (MoSys), Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Wien, Austria;
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Wien, Austria
| | - Katarzyna Retzer
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.L.); (J.G.-G.)
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Yahya M, Islam EU, Rasul M, Farooq I, Mahreen N, Tawab A, Irfan M, Rajput L, Amin I, Yasmin S. Differential Root Exudation and Architecture for Improved Growth of Wheat Mediated by Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:744094. [PMID: 34721342 PMCID: PMC8554232 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.744094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorous (P) deficiency is a major challenge faced by global agriculture. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) provide a sustainable approach to supply available phosphates to plants with improved crop productivity through synergistic interaction with plant roots. The present study demonstrates an insight into this synergistic P-solubilizing mechanism of PSB isolated from rhizosphere soils of major wheat-growing agro-ecological zones of Pakistan. Seven isolates were the efficient P solubilizers based on in vitro P-solubilizing activity (233-365 μg ml-1) with a concomitant decrease in pH (up to 3.5) by the production of organic acids, predominantly acetic acid (∼182 μg ml-1) and gluconic acid (∼117 μg ml-1). Amplification and phylogenetic analysis of gcd, pqqE, and phy genes of Enterobacter sp. ZW32, Ochrobactrum sp. SSR, and Pantoea sp. S1 showed the potential of these PSB to release orthophosphate from recalcitrant forms of phosphorus. Principal component analysis indicates the inoculation response of PSB consortia on the differential composition of root exudation (amino acids, sugars, and organic acids) with subsequently modified root architecture of three wheat varieties grown hydroponically. Rhizoscanning showed a significant increase in root parameters, i.e., root tips, diameter, and surface area of PSB-inoculated plants as compared to uninoculated controls. Efficiency of PSB consortia was validated by significant increase in plant P and oxidative stress management under P-deficient conditions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative damages mainly indicated by elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 contents were significantly reduced in inoculated plants by the production of antioxidant enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase. Furthermore, the inoculation response of these PSB on respective wheat varieties grown in native soils under greenhouse conditions was positively correlated with improved plant growth and soil P contents. Additionally, grain yield (8%) and seed P (14%) were significantly increased in inoculated wheat plants with 20% reduced application of diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizer under net house conditions. Thus, PSB capable of such synergistic strategies can confer P biofortification in wheat by modulating root morphophysiology and root exudation and can alleviate oxidative stress under P deficit conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahreen Yahya
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ejaz ul Islam
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Maria Rasul
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Iqra Farooq
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Naima Mahreen
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Tawab
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Sustainable Agriculture and Food Programme (SAFP), World Wildlife Fund, Khanewal, Pakistan
| | - Lubna Rajput
- Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Agricultural Research Centre, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Imran Amin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Yasmin
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Ubogoeva EV, Zemlyanskaya EV, Xu J, Mironova V. Mechanisms of stress response in the root stem cell niche. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6746-6754. [PMID: 34111279 PMCID: PMC8513250 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
As plants are sessile organisms unable to escape from environmental hazards, they need to adapt for survival. The stem cell niche in the root apical meristem is particularly sensitive to DNA damage induced by environmental stresses such as chilling, flooding, wounding, UV, and irradiation. DNA damage has been proven to cause stem cell death, with stele stem cells being the most vulnerable. Stress also induces the division of quiescent center cells. Both reactions disturb the structure and activity of the root stem cell niche temporarily; however, this preserves root meristem integrity and function in the long term. Plants have evolved many mechanisms that ensure stem cell niche maintenance, recovery, and acclimation, allowing them to survive in a changing environment. Here, we provide an overview of the cellular and molecular aspects of stress responses in the root stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena V Zemlyanskaya
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Plant Systems Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Victoria Mironova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Plant Systems Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Considine MJ, Foyer CH. Stress effects on the reactive oxygen species-dependent regulation of plant growth and development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5795-5806. [PMID: 34106236 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth is mediated by cell proliferation and expansion. Both processes are controlled by a network of endogenous factors such as phytohormones, reactive oxygen species (ROS), sugars, and other signals, which influence gene expression and post-translational regulation of proteins. Stress resilience requires rapid and appropriate responses in plant growth and development as well as defence. Regulation of ROS accumulation in different cellular compartments influences growth responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. While ROS are essential for growth, they are also implicated in the stress-induced cessation of growth and, in some cases, programmed cell death. It is widely accepted that redox post-translational modifications of key proteins determine the growth changes and cell fate responses to stress, but the molecular pathways and factors involved remain poorly characterized. Here we discuss ROS as a signalling molecule, the mechanisms of ROS-dependent regulation that influence protein-protein interactions, protein function, and turnover, together with the relocation of key proteins to different intracellular compartments in a manner that can alter cell fate. Understanding how the redox interactome responds to stress-induced increases in ROS may provide a road map to tailoring the dynamic ROS interactions that determine growth and cell fate in order to enhance stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Considine
- The School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
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Mansour MMF, Emam MM, Salama KHA, Morsy AA. Sorghum under saline conditions: responses, tolerance mechanisms, and management strategies. PLANTA 2021; 254:24. [PMID: 34224010 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An overview is presented of recent advances in our knowledge of responses and mechanisms rendering adaptation to saline conditions in sorghum. Different strategies deployed to enhance salinity stress tolerance in sorghum are also pointed out. Salinity stress is a growing problem worldwide. Sorghum is the fifth key crop among cereals. Understanding responses and tolerance strategies in sorghum would be therefore helpful effort for providing biomarkers for designing greatest salinity-tolerant sorghum genotypes. When sorghum exposed to salinity, salinity-tolerant genotypes most probably reprogram their gene expression to activate adaptive biochemical and physiological responses for survival. The review thus discusses the possible physiological and biochemical responses that confer salinity tolerance to sorghum under saline conditions. Although it is not characterized in sorghum, salinity perceiving and transmitting signals to downstream responses via signaling transduction pathways most likely are essential strategy for sorghum adaptation to salinity stress. Sorghum has also shown to withstand moderate saline environments and retain the germination, growth, and photosynthetic activities. Salinity-tolerant sorghum genotypes show the ability to exclude excessive Na+ from reaching shoots and induce ion homeostasis. Osmotic homeostasis and ROS detoxification are also evident as salinity tolerance strategies in sorghum. These above mechanisms lead to re-establishment of cellular ionic, osmotic, and redox homeostasis as well as photosynthesis efficiency. It is noteworthy that these mechanisms act individually or co-operatively to minimize the salinity hazards and enhance acclimation in sorghum. We conclude, however, that although these responses contribute to sorghum tolerance to salinity stress, they seem to be not adequate at higher concentrations of salinity, which agrees with sorghum ranking as moderately salinity-tolerant crop. Also, some of these tolerance strategies reported in other crops are not well studied and documented in sorghum, but most probably have roles in sorghum. Further improvement in sorghum salinity tolerance using different approaches is definitely necessary to meet the requirements of its harsh production environments, and therefore, these approaches are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manal Mohamed Emam
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | | | - Amal Ahmed Morsy
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
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Considine MJ, Foyer CH. Oxygen and reactive oxygen species-dependent regulation of plant growth and development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:79-92. [PMID: 33793863 PMCID: PMC8154071 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been co-opted during evolution into the regulation of plant growth, development, and differentiation. ROS and oxidative signals arising from metabolism or phytohormone-mediated processes control almost every aspect of plant development from seed and bud dormancy, liberation of meristematic cells from the quiescent state, root and shoot growth, and architecture, to flowering and seed production. Moreover, the phytochrome and phytohormone-dependent transmissions of ROS waves are central to the systemic whole plant signaling pathways that integrate root and shoot growth. The sensing of oxygen availability through the PROTEOLYSIS 6 (PRT6) N-degron pathway functions alongside ROS production and signaling but how these pathways interact in developing organs remains poorly understood. Considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the nature of hydrogen peroxide sensors and the role of thiol-dependent signaling networks in the transmission of ROS signals. Reduction/oxidation (redox) changes in the glutathione (GSH) pool, glutaredoxins (GRXs), and thioredoxins (TRXs) are important in the control of growth mediated by phytohormone pathways. Although, it is clear that the redox states of proteins involved in plant growth and development are controlled by the NAD(P)H thioredoxin reductase (NTR)/TRX and reduced GSH/GRX systems of the cytosol, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and nucleus, we have only scratched the surface of this multilayered control and how redox-regulated processes interact with other cell signaling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Considine
- The School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Christine H Foyer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK
- Author for communication:
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