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Zheng D, Cheng C, Tang Y, Fang Z, Gao X, Chen Y, You Q, Wang K, Zhou H, Lan Z, Sun J. Circulating metabolites are associated with persistent elevations of ALT in patients with chronic hepatitis B with complete viral suppression. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29723. [PMID: 38828911 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can be completely suppressed after antiviral treatment; however, some patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) exhibit elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and sustained disease progression. This study provides novel insights into the mechanism and potential predictive biomarkers of persistently elevated ALT (PeALT) in patients with CHB after complete viral inhibition. Patients having CHB with undetectable HBV DNA at least 12 months after antiviral treatment were enrolled from a prospective, observational cohort. Patients with PeALT and persistently normal ALT (PnALT) were matched 1:1 using propensity score matching. Correlations between plasma metabolites and the risk of elevated ALT were examined using multivariate logistic regression. A mouse model of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury was established to validate the effect of key differential metabolites on liver injury. Of the 1238 patients with CHB who achieved complete viral suppression, 40 (3.23%) had PeALT levels during follow-up (median follow-up: 2.42 years). Additionally, 40 patients with PnALT levels were matched as controls. Ser-Phe-Ala, Lys-Ala-Leu-Glu, 3-methylhippuric acid, 3-methylxanthine, and 7-methylxanthine were identified as critical differential metabolites between the two groups and independently associated with PeALT risk. Ser-Phe-Ala and Lys-Ala-Leu-Glu levels could be used to discriminate patients with PeALT from those with PnALT. Furthermore, N-acetyl- l-methionine (NALM) demonstrated the strongest negative correlation with ALT levels. NALM supplementation alleviated liver injury and hepatic necrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice. Changes in circulating metabolites may contribute to PeALT levels in patients with CHB who have achieved complete viral suppression after antiviral treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekai Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Viral Hepatitis, Guangdong Institute of Hepatology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changhao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Viral Hepatitis, Guangdong Institute of Hepatology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Tang
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhixin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Viral Hepatitis, Guangdong Institute of Hepatology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuelian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Viral Hepatitis, Guangdong Institute of Hepatology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Viral Hepatitis, Guangdong Institute of Hepatology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuhong You
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Viral Hepatitis, Guangdong Institute of Hepatology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Viral Hepatitis, Guangdong Institute of Hepatology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Viral Hepatitis, Guangdong Institute of Hepatology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixian Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Viral Hepatitis, Guangdong Institute of Hepatology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Research in South China, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Viral Hepatitis, Guangdong Institute of Hepatology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhao K, Wu C, Li X, Niu M, Wu D, Cui X, Zhao H. From mechanism to therapy: the journey of CD24 in cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1401528. [PMID: 38881902 PMCID: PMC11176514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1401528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
CD24 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein that is expressed in a wide range of tissues and cell types. It is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis. Additionally, CD24 has been studied extensively in the context of cancer, where it has been found to play a role in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. In recent years, there has been growing interest in CD24 as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. This review summarizes the current knowledge of CD24, including its structure, function, and its role in cancer. Finally, we provide insights into potential clinical application of CD24 and discuss possible approaches for the development of targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Caifeng Wu
- Department of Hand and Foot, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangjun Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengchao Niu
- Department of Operation Room, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hai Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Gomides TAR, de Souza MLM, de Figueiredo AB, Lima MR, Silveira AMS, de Assis GFM, Fraga LAO, Silveira-Nunes G, Martucci L, Garcia JD, Afonso LCC, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Leite PM. Expression of SmATPDases 1 and 2 in Schistosoma mansoni eggs favours IL-10 production in infected individuals. Parasite Immunol 2024; 46:e13017. [PMID: 37922505 DOI: 10.1111/pim.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
A role of IL-10 is down-regulating T-cell responses to schistosome antigens. Since SmATPDases can be correlated to modulation of the immune response, we evaluated the expression of enzymes in S. mansoni eggs. Faecal samples were collected from 40 infected individuals to detect coding regions of the SmATPDases. The cytokines were measured in supernatants of PBMC. The analysis was performed by the global median determination and set up high producers (HP) of cytokines. Six individuals expressed SmATPDase1, six expressed SmATPDase2 and six expressed both enzymes. The group who expressed only SmATPDase1 showed a high frequency of IFN-γ, TNF IL-4 HP; individuals who expressed only SmATPDase2 showed a high frequency of IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-4 HP; and individuals who expressed both enzymes showed a high frequency of IL-10 HP. The comparison of the IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio presented higher indices in the group who had SmATPDase 2 expression than those who had the expression of both enzymes. The positive correlation between infection intensity and IL-10 levels remained only in the positive SmATPDase group. The IL-10 is the only cytokine induced by the expression of both enzymes. Our data suggest that the expression of both enzymes seems to be a factor that modulates the host immune response by inducing high IL-10 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalisson Artur Ribeiro Gomides
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunologia da Universidade Vale do Rio Doce, Govenador Valadares, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Braga de Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Alda Maria Soares Silveira
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - Campus Avançado de Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | | | - Lúcia Alves Oliveira Fraga
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - Campus Avançado de Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Silveira-Nunes
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - Campus Avançado de Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Letícia Martucci
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - Campus Avançado de Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Jennifer Delgado Garcia
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - Campus Avançado de Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos Crocco Afonso
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pauline Martins Leite
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - Campus Avançado de Governador Valadares, Governador Valadares, Brazil
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Qin R, Zhang H, Huang W, Shao Z, Lei J. Deep learning-based design and screening of benzimidazole-pyrazine derivatives as adenosine A 2B receptor antagonists. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-17. [PMID: 38133953 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2295974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The Adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR) is considered a novel potential target for the immunotherapy of cancer, and A2BAR antagonists have an inhibitory effect on tumor growth, proliferation, and metastasis. In our previous studies, we identified a class of benzimidazole-pyrazine scaffolds whose derivatives exhibited the antagonistic effect but lacked subtype selectivity towards A2BAR. In this work, we developed a scaffold-based protocol that incorporates a deep generative model and multilayer virtual screening to design benzimidazole-pyrazine derivatives as potential selective A2BAR antagonists. By utilizing a generative model with reported A2BAR antagonists as the training set, we built up a scaffold-focused library of benzimidazole-pyrazine derivatives and processed a virtual screening protocol to discover potential A2BAR antagonists. Finally, five molecules with different Bemis-Murcko scaffolds were identified and exhibited higher binding free energies than the reference molecule 12o. Further computational analysis revealed that the 3-benzyl derivative ABA-1266 presented high selectivity toward A2BAR and showed preferred draggability, providing future potent development of selective A2BAR antagonists.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenglin Shao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinping Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Perfilova VN, Muzyko EA, Taran AS, Shevchenko AA, Naumenko LV. Problems and prospects for finding new pharmacological agents among adenosine receptor agonists, antagonists, or their allosteric modulators for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2023; 69:353-370. [PMID: 38153051 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20236906353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
A1-adenosine receptors (A1AR) are widely distributed in the human body and mediate many different effects. They are abundantly present in the cardiovascular system, where they control angiogenesis, vascular tone, heart rate, and conduction. This makes the cardiovascular system A1AR an attractive target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The review summarizes the literature data on the structure and functioning of A1AR, and analyzes their involvement in the formation of myocardial hypertrophy, ischemia-reperfusion damage, various types of heart rhythm disorders, chronic heart failure, and arterial hypertension. Special attention is paid to the role of some allosteric regulators of A1AR as potential agents for the CVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Perfilova
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia; Volgograd Medical Research Center, Volgograd, Russia
| | - E A Muzyko
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - A S Taran
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | | | - L V Naumenko
- Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia
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Li H, Kim JA, Jo SE, Lee H, Kim KC, Choi S, Suh SH. Modafinil exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects by upregulating adenosine A 2A and A 2B receptors. Purinergic Signal 2023:10.1007/s11302-023-09973-8. [PMID: 37938538 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09973-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptor (AR) suppresses inflammation and fibrosis by activating cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling. We investigated whether altered AR expression contributes to the development of fibrotic diseases and whether A2AAR and A2BAR upregulation inhibits fibrotic responses. Primary human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) from normal (NHLFs) or patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (DHLF) were used for in vitro testing. Murine models of fibrotic liver or pulmonary disease were developed by injecting thioacetamide intraperitoneally, by feeding a high-fat diet, or by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin. Modafinil, which activates cAMP signaling via A2AAR and A2BAR, was administered orally. The protein amounts of A2AAR, A2BAR, and exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) were reduced, while collagen and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were elevated in DHLFs compared to NHLFs. In liver or lung tissue from murine models of fibrotic diseases, A2AAR and A2BAR were downregulated, but A1AR and A3AR were not. Epac amounts decreased, and amounts of collagen, α-SMA, KCa2.3, and KCa3.1 increased compared to the control. Modafinil restored the amounts of A2AAR, A2BAR, and Epac, and reduced collagen, α-SMA, KCa2.3, and KCa3.1 in murine models of fibrotic diseases. Transforming growth factor-β reduced the amounts of A2AAR, A2BAR, and Epac, and elevated collagen, α-SMA, KCa2.3, and KCa3.1 in NHLFs; however, these alterations were inhibited by modafinil. Our investigation revealed that A2AAR and A2BAR downregulation induced liver and lung fibrotic diseases while upregulation attenuated fibrotic responses, suggesting that A2AAR and A2BAR-upregulating agents, such as modafinil, may serve as novel therapies for fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 25 Magokdong-ro 2-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07084, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Aee Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 25 Magokdong-ro 2-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07084, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Eun Jo
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 25 Magokdong-ro 2-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07084, Republic of Korea
| | - Huisu Lee
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 25 Magokdong-ro 2-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07084, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Chang Kim
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 25 Magokdong-ro 2-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07084, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shinkyu Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 25 Magokdong-ro 2-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07084, Republic of Korea.
| | - Suk Hyo Suh
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 25 Magokdong-ro 2-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07084, Republic of Korea.
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Shao H, Kaplan HJ, Sun D. The Role of Adenosine in γδ T-Cell Regulation of Th17 Responses in Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1432. [PMID: 37892114 PMCID: PMC10604616 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases caused by T cells can arise from either T-helper 1 (Th1) or T-helper 17 (Th17)-type pathogenic T cells. However, it is unclear whether these two T-cell subsets are influenced by distinct pathogenic factors and whether treatments that are effective for Th1 responses also work for Th17 responses. To compare these two pathogenic responses, we conducted a systematic analysis in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) to identify the factors that promote or inhibit each response and to determine their responses to various treatments. Our study found that the two types of pathogenic responses differ significantly in their pathological progressions and susceptibility to treatments. Specifically, we observed that extracellular adenosine is a crucial pathogenic molecule involved in the pathogenicity of inflammation and T-cell reactivity and that reciprocal interaction between adenosine and gamma delta (γδ) T cells plays a significant role in amplifying Th17 responses in the development of autoimmune diseases. The potential effect of targeting adenosine or adenosine receptors is analyzed regarding whether such targeting constitutes an effective approach to modulating both γδ T-cell responses and the pathogenic Th17 responses in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Henry J. Kaplan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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Schulz JA, Hartz AMS, Bauer B. ABCB1 and ABCG2 Regulation at the Blood-Brain Barrier: Potential New Targets to Improve Brain Drug Delivery. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:815-853. [PMID: 36973040 PMCID: PMC10441638 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The drug efflux transporters ABCB1 and ABCG2 at the blood-brain barrier limit the delivery of drugs into the brain. Strategies to overcome ABCB1/ABCG2 have been largely unsuccessful, which poses a tremendous clinical problem to successfully treat central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Understanding basic transporter biology, including intracellular regulation mechanisms that control these transporters, is critical to solving this clinical problem.In this comprehensive review, we summarize current knowledge on signaling pathways that regulate ABCB1/ABCG2 at the blood-brain barrier. In Section I, we give a historical overview on blood-brain barrier research and introduce the role that ABCB1 and ABCG2 play in this context. In Section II, we summarize the most important strategies that have been tested to overcome the ABCB1/ABCG2 efflux system at the blood-brain barrier. In Section III, the main component of this review, we provide detailed information on the signaling pathways that have been identified to control ABCB1/ABCG2 at the blood-brain barrier and their potential clinical relevance. This is followed by Section IV, where we explain the clinical implications of ABCB1/ABCG2 regulation in the context of CNS disease. Lastly, in Section V, we conclude by highlighting examples of how transporter regulation could be targeted for therapeutic purposes in the clinic. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The ABCB1/ABCG2 drug efflux system at the blood-brain barrier poses a significant problem to successful drug delivery to the brain. The article reviews signaling pathways that regulate blood-brain barrier ABCB1/ABCG2 and could potentially be targeted for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Schulz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (J.A.S., B.B.), Sanders-Brown Center on Aging and Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine (A.M.S.H.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Anika M S Hartz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (J.A.S., B.B.), Sanders-Brown Center on Aging and Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine (A.M.S.H.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Björn Bauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (J.A.S., B.B.), Sanders-Brown Center on Aging and Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine (A.M.S.H.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Torres-Arévalo Á, Nahuelpán Y, Muñoz K, Jara C, Cappelli C, Taracha-Wiśniewska A, Quezada-Monrás C, Martín RS. A2BAR Antagonism Decreases the Glomerular Expression and Secretion of Chemoattractants for Monocytes and the Pro-Fibrotic M2 Macrophages Polarization during Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10829. [PMID: 37446007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Some chemoattractants and leukocytes such as M1 and M2 macrophages are known to be involved in the development of glomerulosclerosis during diabetic nephropathy (DN). In the course of diabetes, an altered and defective cellular metabolism leads to the increase in adenosine levels, and thus to changes in the polarity (M1/M2) of macrophages. MRS1754, a selective antagonist of the A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR), attenuated glomerulosclerosis and decreased macrophage-myofibroblast transition in DN rats. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of MRS1754 on the glomerular expression/secretion of chemoattractants, the intraglomerular infiltration of leukocytes, and macrophage polarity in DN rats. Kidneys/glomeruli of non-diabetic, DN, and MRS1754-treated DN rats were processed for transcriptomic analysis, immunohistopathology, ELISA, and in vitro macrophage migration assays. The transcriptomic analysis identified an upregulation of transcripts and pathways related to the immune system in the glomeruli of DN rats, which was attenuated using MRS1754. The antagonism of the A2BAR decreased glomerular expression/secretion of chemoattractants (CCL2, CCL3, CCL6, and CCL21), the infiltration of macrophages, and their polarization to M2 in DN rats. The in vitro macrophages migration induced by conditioned-medium of DN glomeruli was significantly decreased using neutralizing antibodies against CCL2, CCL3, and CCL21. We concluded that the pharmacological blockade of the A2BAR decreases the transcriptional expression of genes/pathways related to the immune response, protein expression/secretion of chemoattractants, as well as the infiltration of macrophages and their polarization toward the M2 phenotype in the glomeruli of DN rats, suggesting a new mechanism implicated in the antifibrotic effect of MRS1754.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángelo Torres-Arévalo
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Y Recursos Naturales, Sede Talca, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca 347-3620, Chile
| | - Yéssica Nahuelpán
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica Y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 511-0566, Chile
| | - Katherin Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica Y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 511-0566, Chile
| | - Claudia Jara
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica Y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 511-0566, Chile
| | - Claudio Cappelli
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica Y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 511-0566, Chile
| | | | - Claudia Quezada-Monrás
- Tumor Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 511-0566, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 511-0566, Chile
| | - Rody San Martín
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica Y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 511-0566, Chile
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Kurago Z, Guo G, Shi H, Bollag RJ, Groves MW, Byrd JK, Cui Y. Inhibitors of the CD73-adenosinergic checkpoint as promising combinatory agents for conventional and advanced cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1212209. [PMID: 37435071 PMCID: PMC10330720 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1212209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell surface enzyme CD73 is increasingly appreciated as a pivotal non-redundant immune checkpoint (IC) in addition to PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4. CD73 produces extracellular adenosine (eADO), which not only inhibits antitumor T cell activity via the adenosine receptor (AR) A2AR, but also enhances the immune inhibitory function of cancer-associated fibroblasts and myeloid cells via A2BR. Preclinical studies show that inhibition of the CD73-adenosinergic pathway in experimental models of many solid tumors either as a monotherapy or, more effectively, in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 or CTLA-4 IC blockades, improves antitumor immunity and tumor control. Consequently, approximately 50 ongoing phase I/II clinical trials targeting the CD73-adenosinergic IC are currently listed on https://clinicaltrials.gov. Most of the listed trials employ CD73 inhibitors or anti-CD73 antibodies alone, in combination with A2AR antagonists, and/or with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Recent evidence suggests that the distribution of CD73, A2AR and A2BR in tumor microenvironments (TME) is heterogeneous, and this distribution affects CD73-adenosinergic IC function. The new insights have implications for the optimally effective, carefully tailored approaches to therapeutic targeting of this essential IC. In the mini-review, we briefly discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms of CD73/eADO-mediated immunosuppression during tumor progression and therapy in the spatial context of the TME. We include preclinical data regarding therapeutic CD73-eADO blockade in tumor models as well as available clinical data from completed trials that targeted CD73-adenosinergic IC with or without PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and discuss factors that are potentially important for optimal therapeutic outcomes in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Kurago
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Gang Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Huidong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Roni J. Bollag
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Michael W. Groves
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - J. Kenneth Byrd
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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11
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Zahavi D, Hodge JW. Targeting Immunosuppressive Adenosine Signaling: A Review of Potential Immunotherapy Combination Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108871. [PMID: 37240219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment regulates many aspects of cancer progression and anti-tumor immunity. Cancer cells employ a variety of immunosuppressive mechanisms to dampen immune cell function in the tumor microenvironment. While immunotherapies that target these mechanisms, such as immune checkpoint blockade, have had notable clinical success, resistance is common, and there is an urgent need to identify additional targets. Extracellular adenosine, a metabolite of ATP, is found at high levels in the tumor microenvironment and has potent immunosuppressive properties. Targeting members of the adenosine signaling pathway represents a promising immunotherapeutic modality that can potentially synergize with conventional anti-cancer treatment strategies. In this review, we discuss the role of adenosine in cancer, present preclinical and clinical data on the efficacy adenosine pathway inhibition, and discuss possible combinatorial approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Zahavi
- Center for Immuno-Oncology (CIO), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Rm 8B13, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20879, USA
| | - James W Hodge
- Center for Immuno-Oncology (CIO), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Rm 8B13, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20879, USA
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12
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Reikvam H, Bruserud Ø, Hatfield KJ. Pretransplant systemic metabolic profiles in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients - identification of patient subsets with increased transplant-related mortality. Transplant Cell Ther 2023:S2666-6367(23)01196-X. [PMID: 36966869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2023.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is used in the treatment of high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS); however, the treatment has high risk of severe transplantation-related mortality (TRM). In this study, we examined pretransplantation serum samples derived from 92 consecutive allotransplant recipients with AML or MDS. Using nontargeted metabolomics, we identified 1274 metabolites including 968 of known identity (named biochemicals). We further investigated metabolites that differed significantly when comparing patients with and without early extensive fluid retention, pretransplantation inflammation (both being associated with increased risk of acute graft-versus-host disease [GVHD]/nonrelapse mortality) and development of systemic steroid-requiring acute GVHD (aGVHD). All three factors are associated with TRM and were also associated with significantly altered amino acid metabolism, although there was only a minor overlap between these three factors with regard to significantly altered individual metabolites. Furthermore, steroid-requiring aGVHD was especially associated with altered taurine/hypotaurine, tryptophan, biotin, and phenylacetate metabolism together with altered malate-aspartate shuttle and urea cycle regulation. In contrast, pretransplantation inflammation was associated with a weaker modulation of many different metabolic pathways, whereas extensive fluid retention was associated with a weaker modulation of taurine/hypotaurine metabolism. An unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis based on the 13 most significantly identified metabolites associated with aGVHD identified a patient subset with high metabolite levels and increased frequencies of MDS/MDS-AML, steroid-requiring aGVHD and early TRM. On the other hand, a clustering analysis based on metabolites that were significantly altered for aGVHD, inflammation, and fluid retention comparison groups identified a patient subset with a highly significant association with TRM. Our study suggests that the systemic pretransplantation metabolic profiles can be used to identify patient subsets with an increased frequency of TRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkon Reikvam
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Bruserud
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Kimberley J Hatfield
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020, Bergen, Norway; Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5009, Bergen, Norway.
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13
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Schädlich IS, Winzer R, Stabernack J, Tolosa E, Magnus T, Rissiek B. The role of the ATP-adenosine axis in ischemic stroke. Semin Immunopathol 2023:10.1007/s00281-023-00987-3. [PMID: 36917241 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-023-00987-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
In ischemic stroke, the primary neuronal injury caused by the disruption of energy supply is further exacerbated by secondary sterile inflammation. The inflammatory cascade is largely initiated by the purine adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which is extensively released to the interstitial space during brain ischemia and functions as an extracellular danger signaling molecule. By engaging P2 receptors, extracellular ATP activates microglia leading to cytokine and chemokine production and subsequent immune cell recruitment from the periphery which further amplifies post-stroke inflammation. The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 shape and balance the inflammatory environment by stepwise degrading extracellular ATP to adenosine which itself has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory signaling properties. The neuroprotective effects of adenosine are mainly mediated through A1 receptors and inhibition of glutamatergic excitotoxicity, while the anti-inflammatory capacities of adenosine have been primarily attributed to A2A receptor activation on infiltrating immune cells in the subacute phase after stroke. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on the ATP-adenosine axis in ischemic stroke, discuss contradictory results, and point out potential pitfalls towards translating therapeutic approaches from rodent stroke models to human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Sophie Schädlich
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Riekje Winzer
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joschi Stabernack
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Tolosa
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Björn Rissiek
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Zhou M, Wu J, Chang H, Fang Y, Zhang D, Guo Y. Adenosine signaling mediate pain transmission in the central nervous system. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:245-254. [PMID: 35000074 PMCID: PMC9984632 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is a common clinical symptom that seriously affects the quality of life in a variety of patient populations. In recent years, research on the role of adenosine signaling in pain modulation has made great progress. Adenosine is a purine nucleoside and a neuromodulator, and regulates multiple physiological and pathophysiological functions through the activation of four G protein-coupled receptors, which are classified as A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 adenosine receptors (ARs). Adenosine and its receptors that are widespread in the central nervous system (CNS) play an important role in the processing of nociceptive sensory signals in different pain models. A1Rs have the highest affinity to adenosine, and the role in analgesia has been well investigated. The roles of A2ARs and A2BRs in the modulation of pain are controversial because they have both analgesic and pronociceptive effects. The analgesic effects of A3Rs are primarily manifested in neuropathic pain. In this article, we have reviewed the recent studies on ARs in the modulation of neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain, postoperative pain, and visceral pain in the CNS. Furthermore, we have outlined the pathways through which ARs contribute to pain regulation, thereby shedding light on how this mechanism can be targeted to provide effective pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhou
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinrong Wu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongen Chang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Fang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China. .,College of Chinese Medical, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
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15
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McLeod RM, Rosenkrantz TS, Fitch RH, Koski RR. Sex Differences in Microglia Activation in a Rodent Model of Preterm Hypoxic Ischemic Injury with Caffeine Treatment. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010185. [PMID: 36672692 PMCID: PMC9855625 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm infants are often treated with caffeine as a respiratory stimulant. However, follow-up data shows caffeine may also have neuroprotective potential. There are several theories as to how caffeine might protect the brain, but none have been proven. This study looked at caffeine effects on microglial activation in rodent brains post hypoxic ischemic (HI) injury. Rat pups underwent either sham or HI surgery on P6, followed by treatment with either caffeine or saline. Forty-eight hours post-injury, brains were collected and underwent paraffin embedding and sectioning followed by immunofluorescence staining. Ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1) was used to label microglia, and 4',6-diamindino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) was used to label DNA. Cell size measurements of microglia were obtained to gauge microglia activation, and chromatin condensation (DAPI optical density) was used as an index of neuronal cell death. Results suggest that caffeine does offer protective effects, based on significantly increased levels of cell death in HI-saline animals not seen in caffeine-treated HI males and females. However, the mechanism of action may be different. Male HI animals showed marginally reduced microglial activation following caffeine treatment, whereas females did not. Results indicate that though caffeine may act protectively in both sexes by reducing cell death, the benefits may be mediated by different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Mae McLeod
- Behavioral Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Ted S. Rosenkrantz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut Health Center and Connecticut Children’s Hospital, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Roslyn Holly Fitch
- Behavioral Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Rachel R. Koski
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
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16
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Prieto-Díaz R, González-Gómez M, Fojo-Carballo H, Azuaje J, El Maatougui A, Majellaro M, Loza MI, Brea J, Fernández-Dueñas V, Paleo MR, Díaz-Holguín A, Garcia-Pinel B, Mallo-Abreu A, Estévez JC, Andújar-Arias A, García-Mera X, Gomez-Tourino I, Ciruela F, Salas CO, Gutiérrez-de-Terán H, Sotelo E. Exploring the Effect of Halogenation in a Series of Potent and Selective A 2B Adenosine Receptor Antagonists. J Med Chem 2022; 66:890-912. [PMID: 36517209 PMCID: PMC9841532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The modulation of the A2B adenosine receptor is a promising strategy in cancer (immuno) therapy, with A2BAR antagonists emerging as immune checkpoint inhibitors. Herein, we report a systematic assessment of the impact of (di- and mono-)halogenation at positions 7 and/or 8 on both A2BAR affinity and pharmacokinetic properties of a collection of A2BAR antagonists and its study with structure-based free energy perturbation simulations. Monohalogenation at position 8 produced potent A2BAR ligands irrespective of the nature of the halogen. In contrast, halogenation at position 7 and dihalogenation produced a halogen-size-dependent decay in affinity. Eight novel A2BAR ligands exhibited remarkable affinity (Ki < 10 nM), exquisite subtype selectivity, and enantioselective recognition, with some eutomers eliciting sub-nanomolar affinity. The pharmacokinetic profile of representative derivatives showed enhanced solubility and microsomal stability. Finally, two compounds showed the capacity of reversing the antiproliferative effect of adenosine in activated primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Prieto-Díaz
- Center
for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain,Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de Compostela, Spain,Department
of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, 75124Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Manuel González-Gómez
- Center
for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain,Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Hugo Fojo-Carballo
- Center
for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain,Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jhonny Azuaje
- Center
for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain,Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Abdelaziz El Maatougui
- Center
for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain,Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Majellaro
- Center
for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain,Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María I. Loza
- Center
for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain,Department
of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of
Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain
| | - José Brea
- Center
for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain,Department
of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of
Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain,. Tel: +34 881815459. Fax: +34-8818115474
| | - Víctor Fernández-Dueñas
- Pharmacology
Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08907L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Neuropharmacology
and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut
d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, 08907L’Hospitalet
de Llobregat, Spain
| | - M. Rita Paleo
- Center
for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain,Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alejandro Díaz-Holguín
- Department
of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, 75124Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Beatriz Garcia-Pinel
- Center
for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain,Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Mallo-Abreu
- Center
for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain,Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan C. Estévez
- Center
for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain,Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Andújar-Arias
- Center
for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain,Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Xerardo García-Mera
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Iria Gomez-Tourino
- Center
for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Pharmacology
Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, 08907L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain,Neuropharmacology
and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut
d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, 08907L’Hospitalet
de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Cristian O. Salas
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago7820436, Chile
| | - Hugo Gutiérrez-de-Terán
- Department
of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, 75124Uppsala, Sweden,. Tel: +46 18
471 5056. Fax: +46 18 536971
| | - Eddy Sotelo
- Center
for Research in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de
Compostela, Spain,Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de Compostela, Spain,. Tel: +34 881815732. Fax: +34-881815704
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17
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Kelestemur T, Nemeth Z, Pacher P, Antonioli L, Haskó G. A 2A ADENOSINE RECEPTORS REGULATE MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE AFTER HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK IN MICE. Shock 2022; 58:321-331. [PMID: 36018304 PMCID: PMC10292675 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Trauma hemorrhagic shock (T/HS) is a clinical condition that causes multiple organ failure that needs rapid intervention. Restricted oxygen at the cellular level causes inflammation and subsequent cell death. Adenosine triphosphate is the universal intracellular energy currency and an important extracellular inflammatory signaling molecule. Adenosine, an endogenous nucleotide formed as a result of the breakdown of adenosine triphosphate, is also released during T/HS. Adenosine binds to four G protein-coupled receptors (A 1R , A 2a , A 2b , A 3R ) called adenosine receptors or P1 receptors. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of activation, inactivation, and genetic absence of A2aR (A2aR -/- mice) on T/HS-induced multiple organ failure. Wild-type mice were pretreated (30 min before shock induction) with an agonist or antagonist and then subjected to T/HS by withdrawing arterial blood and maintaining the blood pressure between 28 and 32 mm Hg. A2aR -/- mice were subjected to T/HS in the absence of pharmacologic treatment. Neutrophil sequestration was assessed by detecting myeloperoxidase, and Evans blue dye (EBD) method was used to analyze lung permeability. Blood and lung inflammatory cytokine levels were determined by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were determined spectrophotometrically from plasma. Activation of the apoptotic cascade was evaluated using a mouse apoptosis array. Our results demonstrate that the selective A2aR agonist CGS21680 decreases lung neutrophil sequestration, lung proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, and bronchoalveolar lavage EBD. Pretreatment with the selective antagonist ZM241385 and genetic blockade in A2aR -/- mice increased neutrophil sequestration, proinflammatory cytokine levels, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid EBD. The myeloperoxidase level in the lung was also increased in A2aR -/- mice. We observed that antiapoptotic markers decreased significantly with the absence of A2aR in the lung and spleen after T/HS. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that activation of A2aR regulates organ injury and apoptosis in the setting of T/HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Kelestemur
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Zoltan Nemeth
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Surgery, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA
| | - Pal Pacher
- Department of Surgery, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, NY 10032, USA
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18
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Ruan W, Ma X, Bang IH, Liang Y, Muehlschlegel JD, Tsai KL, Mills TW, Yuan X, Eltzschig HK. The Hypoxia-Adenosine Link during Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1939. [PMID: 36009485 PMCID: PMC9405579 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing availability and more successful interventional approaches to restore coronary reperfusion, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. During myocardial ischemia, the myocardium becomes profoundly hypoxic, thus causing stabilization of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIF). Stabilization of HIF leads to a transcriptional program that promotes adaptation to hypoxia and cellular survival. Transcriptional consequences of HIF stabilization include increases in extracellular production and signaling effects of adenosine. Extracellular adenosine functions as a signaling molecule via the activation of adenosine receptors. Several studies implicated adenosine signaling in cardioprotection, particularly through the activation of the Adora2a and Adora2b receptors. Adenosine receptor activation can lead to metabolic adaptation to enhance ischemia tolerance or dampen myocardial reperfusion injury via signaling events on immune cells. Many studies highlight that clinical strategies to target the hypoxia-adenosine link could be considered for clinical trials. This could be achieved by using pharmacologic HIF activators or by directly enhancing extracellular adenosine production or signaling as a therapy for patients with acute myocardial infarction, or undergoing cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ruan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xinxin Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - In Hyuk Bang
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yafen Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jochen Daniel Muehlschlegel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kuang-Lei Tsai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tingting W. Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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19
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Simulated hypoxia modulates P2X7 receptor function in mice peritoneal macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109062. [PMID: 35863257 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory focus is similar to the tumor microenvironment, which contains a complex milieu with immune cells and macrophages. The accumulation of cells promotes local pH and O2 tension decline (hypoxia). Local O2 tension decline activates hypoxia-inducible factor α and β (HIF-1α and HIF-1β adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release. ATP activates the P2X7 receptor and modulates ischemic/hypoxic conditions. Similarly, α1α may regulate P2X7 receptor expression in the hypoxic microenvironment. Therefore, we investigated P2X7 receptor function under simulated hypoxic conditions by pretreating peritoneal macrophages with mitochondrial electron transport chain complex inhibitors (simulated hypoxia). Treatment with mitochondrial electron transport chain complex inhibitors until three hours of exposure did not cause LDH release. Additionally, mitochondrial electron transport chain complex inhibitors increased ATP-induced P2X7 receptor function without being able to directly activate this receptor. Other P2 receptor subtypes do not appear to participate in this mechanism. Simulated hypoxia augmented HIF-1α levels and suppressed HIF-1α and P2X7 receptor antagonists. Similarly, simulated hypoxia increased ATP-induced dye uptake and inhibited HIF-1α antagonists. Another factor activated in simulated hypoxic conditions was the intracellular P2X7 receptor regulator PIP2. Treatment with HIF-1α agonists increased PIP2 levels and reversed the effects of HIF-1α and P2X7 receptor antagonists. Additionally, the improved ATP-induced dye uptake caused by the simulated hypoxia stimulus was inhibited by P2X7 receptor and PIP2 antagonists. Therefore, simulated hypoxia may augment P2X7 receptor activity for a pathway dependent on HIF-1α and PIP2 activation.
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20
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Castellanos DB, Martín-Jiménez CA, Pinzón A, Barreto GE, Padilla-González GF, Aristizábal A, Zuluaga M, González Santos J. Metabolomic Analysis of Human Astrocytes in Lipotoxic Condition: Potential Biomarker Identification by Machine Learning Modeling. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070986. [PMID: 35883542 PMCID: PMC9313230 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and obesity has been well studied in recent years. Obesity is a syndrome of multifactorial etiology characterized by an excessive accumulation and release of fatty acids (FA) in adipose and non-adipose tissue. An excess of FA generates a metabolic condition known as lipotoxicity, which triggers pathological cellular and molecular responses, causing dysregulation of homeostasis and a decrease in cell viability. This condition is a hallmark of NDs, and astrocytes are particularly sensitive to it, given their crucial role in energy production and oxidative stress management in the brain. However, analyzing cellular mechanisms associated with these conditions represents a challenge. In this regard, metabolomics is an approach that allows biochemical analysis from the comprehensive perspective of cell physiology. This technique allows cellular metabolic profiles to be determined in different biological contexts, such as those of NDs and specific metabolic insults, including lipotoxicity. Since data provided by metabolomics can be complex and difficult to interpret, alternative data analysis techniques such as machine learning (ML) have grown exponentially in areas related to omics data. Here, we developed an ML model yielding a 93% area under the receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curve, with sensibility and specificity values of 80% and 93%, respectively. This study aimed to analyze the metabolomic profiles of human astrocytes under lipotoxic conditions to provide powerful insights, such as potential biomarkers for scenarios of lipotoxicity induced by palmitic acid (PA). In this work, we propose that dysregulation in seleno-amino acid metabolism, urea cycle, and glutamate metabolism pathways are major triggers in astrocyte lipotoxic scenarios, while increased metabolites such as alanine, adenosine, and glutamate are suggested as potential biomarkers, which, to our knowledge, have not been identified in human astrocytes and are proposed as candidates for further research and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Báez Castellanos
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (D.B.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Cynthia A. Martín-Jiménez
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329-4208, USA;
| | - Andrés Pinzón
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Biología de Sistemas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
| | - George E. Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
| | | | - Andrés Aristizábal
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (D.B.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Martha Zuluaga
- Escuela de Ciencias Básicas Tecnologías e Ingenierías, Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, Dosquebradas 661001, Colombia;
| | - Janneth González Santos
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (D.B.C.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-60-1-3208320
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21
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Duan L, Sanchez-Guerrero G, Jaeschke H, Ramachandran A. Activation of the adenosine A2B receptor even beyond the therapeutic window of N-acetylcysteine accelerates liver recovery after an acetaminophen overdose. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 163:112911. [PMID: 35292334 PMCID: PMC9018526 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the USA. The short therapeutic window of the current antidote, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) highlights the need for novel late acting therapeutics. The neuronal guidance cue netrin-1 provides delayed protection against APAP hepatotoxicity through the adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR). The clinical relevance of this mechanism was investigated here by administration of the A2BAR agonist BAY 60-6583, after an APAP overdose (300 or 600 mg/kg) in fasted male and female C57BL/6J mice with assessment of liver injury 6 or 24 h after APAP in comparison to NAC. BAY 60-6583 treatment 1.5 h after APAP overdose (600 mg/kg) protected against liver injury at 6 h by preserving mitochondrial function despite JNK activation and its mitochondrial translocation. Gender independent protection was sustained when BAY 60-6583 was given 6 h after APAP overdose (300 mg/kg), when NAC administration did not show benefit. This protection was accompanied by enhanced infiltration of macrophages with the reparative anti-inflammatory phenotype by 24 h, accompanied by a decrease in neutrophil infiltration. Thus, our data emphasize the remarkable therapeutic utility of using an A2BAR agonist, which provides delayed protection long after the standard of care NAC ceased to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqi Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Giselle Sanchez-Guerrero
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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22
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Sun D, Shao H, Kaplan HJ. TLR ligand ligation switches adenosine receptor usage of BMDCs leading to augmented Th17 responses in experimental autoimmune uveitis. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 3:73-84. [PMID: 36569633 PMCID: PMC9768583 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular level of adenosine increases greatly during inflammation, which modulates immune responses. We have previously reported that adenosine enhances Th17 responses while it suppresses Th1 responses. This study examined whether response of DC to adenosine contributes to the biased effect of adenosine and determined whether adenosine and TLR ligands have counteractive or synergistic effects on DC function. Our results show that adenosine is actively involved in both in vitro and in vivo activation of pathogenic T cells by DCs; however, under adenosine effect DCs' capability of promoting Th1 versus Th17 responses are dissociated. Moreover, activation of A2ARs on DCs inhibits Th1 responses whereas activation of A2BRs on DC enhances Th17 responses. An intriguing observation was that TLR engagement switches the adenosine receptor from A2ARs to A2BRs usage of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and adenosine binding to BMDCs via A2BR converts adenosine's anti-to proinflammatory effect. The dual effects of adenosine and TLR ligand on BMDCs synergistically enhances the Th17 responses whereas the dual effect on Th1 responses is antagonistic. The results imply that Th17 responses will gain dominance when inflammatory environment accumulates both TLR ligands and adenosine and the underlying mechanisms include that TLR ligand exposure has a unique effect switching adenosine receptor usage of DCs from A2ARs to A2BRs, via which Th17 responses are promoted. Our observation should improve our understanding on the balance of Th1 and Th17 responses in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and other related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States
- Corresponding author. Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, United States
| | - Henry J. Kaplan
- Saint Louis University (SLU) Eye Institute, SLU School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, United States
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23
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Ma Q, Wang D, Li Y, Yang H, Li Y, Wang J, Li J, Sun J, Liu J. Activation of A 2B adenosine receptor protects against demyelination in a mouse model of schizophrenia. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:396. [PMID: 35495590 PMCID: PMC9047022 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to explore the effects of A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) on learning, memory and demyelination in a dizocilpine maleate (MK-801)-induced mouse model of schizophrenia (SCZ). BAY 60-6583, an agonist of A2BAR, or PSB 603, an antagonist of A2BAR, was used to treat SCZ in this model. The Morris Water Maze (MWM) was utilized to determine changes in cognitive function. Moreover, western blotting, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were conducted to investigate the myelination and oligodendrocyte (OL) alterations at differentiation and maturation stages. The MWM results showed that learning and memory were impaired in SCZ mice, while subsequent treatment with BAY 60-6583 alleviated these impairments. In addition, western blot analysis revealed that myelin basic protein (MBP) and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan 4 (NG2) expression levels were significantly decreased in MK-801-induced mice, while the expression of G protein-coupled receptor 17 (GPR17) was increased. Additionally, the number of anti-adenomatous polyposis coli clone CC-1/OL transcription factor 2 (CC-1+/Olig2+) cells was also decreased. Notably, BAY 60-6583 administration could reverse these changes, resulting in a significant increase in MBP and NG2 protein expression, and in the number of CC-1+/Olig2+ cells, while GPR17 protein expression levels were decreased. The present study indicated that the selective activation of A2BAR using BAY 60-6583 could improve the impaired learning and memory of SCZ mice, as well as protect the myelin sheath from degeneration by regulating the survival and maturation of OLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanrui Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histo-Embryology, Basic Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histo-Embryology, Basic Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yunhong Li
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histo-Embryology, Basic Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histo-Embryology, Basic Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Yilu Li
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histo-Embryology, Basic Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Junyan Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histo-Embryology, Basic Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Jinxia Li
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histo-Embryology, Basic Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Jinping Sun
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histo-Embryology, Basic Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
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24
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Francucci B, Dal Ben D, Lambertucci C, Spinaci A, Volpini R, Marucci G, Buccioni M. A patent review of adenosine A 2B receptor antagonists (2016-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:689-712. [PMID: 35387537 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2057222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) plays a crucial role in pathophysiologic conditions associated with high adenosine release, typical of airway inflammatory pathologies, gastrointestinal disorders, cancer, asthma, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. In some pathologies, simultaneous inactivation of A2A and A2BARs is desirable to have a synergism of action that leads to a greater efficacy of the pharmacological treatment and less side effects due to the dose of drug administered. In this context, it is strongly required to identify molecules capable of selectively antagonizing A2BAR or A2A/A2BARs. AREAS COVERED The review provides a summary of patents, published from 2016 to present, on chemicals and their clinical use. In this paper, information on the biological activity of representative structures of recently developed A2B or A2A/A2B receptor ligands is reported. EXPERT OPINION Among the four P1 receptors, A2BAR is the most inscrutable and the least studied until a few years ago, but its involvement in various inflammatory pathologies has recently made it a pharmacological target of high interest. Many efforts by the academy and pharmaceutical companies have been made to discover potential A2BAR and A2A/A2BARs drugs. Although several compounds have been synthesized only a few molecules have entered clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Francucci
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Diego Dal Ben
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Catia Lambertucci
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Andrea Spinaci
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Marucci
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Michela Buccioni
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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25
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Wang J, Bhattarai A, Do HN, Akhter S, Miao Y. Molecular Simulations and Drug Discovery of Adenosine Receptors. Molecules 2022; 27:2054. [PMID: 35408454 PMCID: PMC9000248 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest family of human membrane proteins. Four subtypes of adenosine receptors (ARs), the A1AR, A2AAR, A2BAR and A3AR, each with a unique pharmacological profile and distribution within the tissues in the human body, mediate many physiological functions and serve as critical drug targets for treating numerous human diseases including cancer, neuropathic pain, cardiac ischemia, stroke and diabetes. The A1AR and A3AR preferentially couple to the Gi/o proteins, while the A2AAR and A2BAR prefer coupling to the Gs proteins. Adenosine receptors were the first subclass of GPCRs that had experimental structures determined in complex with distinct G proteins. Here, we will review recent studies in molecular simulations and computer-aided drug discovery of the adenosine receptors and also highlight their future research opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yinglong Miao
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA; (J.W.); (A.B.); (H.N.D.); (S.A.)
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26
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Augustin RC, Leone RD, Naing A, Fong L, Bao R, Luke JJ. Next steps for clinical translation of adenosine pathway inhibition in cancer immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-004089. [PMID: 35135866 PMCID: PMC8830302 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports targeting the adenosine pathway in immuno-oncology with several clinical programs directed at adenosine A2 receptor (A2AR, A2BR), CD73 and CD39 in development. Through a cyclic-AMP-mediated intracellular cascade, adenosine shifts the cytokine and cellular profile of the tumor microenvironment away from cytotoxic T cell inflammation toward one of immune tolerance. A perpetuating cycle of tumor cell proliferation, tissue injury, dysregulated angiogenesis, and hypoxia promote adenosine accumulation via ATP catabolism. Adenosine receptor (eg, A2AR, A2BR) stimulation of both the innate and adaptive cellular precursors lead to immunosuppressive phenotypic differentiation. Preclinical work in various tumor models with adenosine receptor inhibition has demonstrated restoration of immune cell function and tumor regression. Given the broad activity but known limitations of anti-programmed cell death protein (PD1) therapy and other checkpoint inhibitors, ongoing studies have sought to augment the successful outcomes of anti-PD1 therapy with combinatorial approaches, particularly adenosine signaling blockade. Preliminary data have demonstrated an optimal safety profile and enhanced overall response rates in several early phase clinical trials with A2AR and more recently CD73 inhibitors. However, beneficial outcomes for both monotherapy and combinations have been mostly lower than expected based on preclinical studies, indicating a need for more nuanced patient selection or biomarker integration that might predict and optimize patient outcomes. In the context of known immuno-oncology biomarkers such as tumor mutational burden and interferon-associated gene expression, a comparison of adenosine-related gene signatures associated with clinical response indicates an underlying biology related to immunosuppression, angiogenesis, and T cell inflammation. Importantly, though, adenosine associated gene expression may point to a unique intratumoral phenotype independent from IFN-γ related pathways. Here, we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms of adenosine-mediated immunosuppression, preclinical investigation of adenosine signaling blockade, recent response data from clinical trials with A2AR, CD73, CD39 and PD1/L1 inhibitors, and ongoing development of predictive gene signatures to enhance combinatorial immune-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Augustin
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert D Leone
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aung Naing
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lawrence Fong
- Department of Medicine and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Riyue Bao
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jason J Luke
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA .,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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27
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Zhao N, Xia GQ, Cai JN, Li ZX, Lv XW. Adenosine receptor A2B mediates alcoholic hepatitis by regulating cAMP levels and the NF-KB pathway. Toxicol Lett 2022; 359:84-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Zarei M, Sahebi Vaighan N, Ziai SA. Purinergic receptor ligands: the cytokine storm attenuators, potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of COVID-19. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:633-643. [PMID: 34647511 PMCID: PMC8544669 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1988102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), at first, was reported in Wuhan, China, and then rapidly became pandemic throughout the world. Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) in COVID-19 patients is associated with high levels of cytokines and chemokines that cause multiple organ failure, systemic inflammation, and hemodynamic instabilities. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a common complication of COVID-19, is a consequence of cytokine storm. In this regard, several drugs have been being investigated to suppress this inflammatory condition. Purinergic signaling receptors comprising of P1 adenosine and P2 purinoceptors play a critical role in inflammation. Therefore, activation or inhibition of some subtypes of these kinds of receptors is most likely to be beneficial to attenuate cytokine storm. This article summarizes suggested therapeutic drugs with potential anti-inflammatory effects through purinergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malek Zarei
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navideh Sahebi Vaighan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Ziai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Sun D, Ko M, Shao H, Kaplan HJ. Adenosine receptor ligation tips the uveitogenic Th1 and Th17 balance towards the latter in experimental autoimmune uveitis-induced mouse. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 2:93-103. [PMID: 34825178 PMCID: PMC8612466 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Various pathological conditions are accompanied by release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from the intracellular to the extracellular compartment, where it degrades into adenosine and modulates immune responses. Previous studies concluded that both ATP and its degradation product adenosine are important immune-regulatory molecules; ATP acted as a danger signal that promotes immune responses, but adenosine's effect was inhibitory. We show that adenosine receptor ligation plays an important role in balancing Th1 and Th17 pathogenic T cell responses in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). While its effect on Th1 responses is inhibitory, its effect on Th17 responses is enhancing, thereby impacting the balance between Th1 and Th17 responses. Mechanistic studies showed that this effect is mediated via several immune cells, among which γδ T cell activation and dendritic cell differentiation are prominent; adenosine- and γδ-mediated immunoregulation synergistically impact each other's effect. Adenosine receptor ligation augments the activation of γδ T cells, which is an important promoter for Th17 responses and has a strong effect on dendritic cell (DC) differentiation, tipping the balance from generation of DCs that stimulate Th1 responses to those that stimulate Th17 responses. The knowledge acquired in this study should improve our understanding of the immune-regulatory effect of extracellular ATP-adenosine metabolism and improve treatment for autoimmune diseases caused by both Th1-and Th17-type pathogenic T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States
- Corresponding author. Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA90033, USA.
| | - Minhee Ko
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, United States
| | - Henry J. Kaplan
- Saint Louis University (SLU) Eye Institute, SLU School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, United States
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30
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Habahbeh S, Imraish A, Zihlif M. The crosstalk between adenosine A2B receptor and insulin signalling in rat skeletal muscle cells. Biol Futur 2021; 71:283-288. [PMID: 34554511 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-020-00035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterised by hyperglycaemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Insulin therapy might be affected by specific metabolic enzymes and transporters. There are conflicting reports in the literature on the role of adenosine receptor A2B (AR2B) in skeletal and cardiac muscle glucose metabolism. This study aims to find out if there is an association between AR2B and insulin signalling, especially the metabolic pathways (AKT-GSK). Differentiated L6 cell rat muscle cells were treated with insulin, adenosine agonist NECA, selective AR2B antagonist PSB 603 and combinations between these reagents, the expression of AKT2, GSK3α, and GSK3β were measured by qPCR hydrolysis probe technique. Insulin increases AKT2, GSK3α and GSK3β mRNA expression, while AR2B antagonist inhibits AKT2 GSK3α and GSK3β mRNA expression and combining AR2B antagonist with insulin diminish insulin action and decrease AKT2 GSK3α and GSK3β mRNA expression, which means a strong relationship between AR2B and insulin action. Furthermore AR2B agonist may be a good candidate as an anti-diabetic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suna Habahbeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Amer Imraish
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Malek Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
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31
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Kanduc D. From Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immune Response to the Cytokine Storm via Molecular Mimicry. Antibodies (Basel) 2021; 10:36. [PMID: 34698069 PMCID: PMC8544210 DOI: 10.3390/antib10040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of molecular mimicry in the cytokine storms associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Human proteins endowed with anti-inflammatory activity were assembled and analyzed for peptide sharing with the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (gp) using public databases. It was found that the SARS-CoV-2 spike gp shares numerous pentapeptides with anti-inflammatory proteins that, when altered, can lead to cytokine storms characterized by diverse disorders such as systemic multiorgan hyperinflammation, macrophage activation syndrome, ferritinemia, endothelial dysfunction, and acute respiratory syndrome. Immunologically, many shared peptides are part of experimentally validated epitopes and are also present in pathogens to which individuals may have been exposed following infections or vaccinal routes and of which the immune system has stored memory. Such an immunologic imprint might trigger powerful anamnestic secondary cross-reactive responses, thus explaining the raging of the cytokine storm that can occur following exposure to SARS-CoV-2. In conclusion, the results support molecular mimicry and the consequent cross-reactivity as a potential mechanism in SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storms, and highlight the role of immunological imprinting in determining high-affinity, high-avidity, autoimmune cross-reactions as a pathogenic sequela associated with anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Kanduc
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
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32
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Li X, Li Y, Yu Q, Qian P, Huang H, Lin Y. Metabolic reprogramming of myeloid-derived suppressor cells: An innovative approach confronting challenges. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:257-270. [PMID: 34075637 PMCID: PMC8361984 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1mr0421-597rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cells such as T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and other immunoregulatory cells undergo metabolic reprogramming in cancer and inflammation-derived microenvironment to meet specific physiologic and functional demands. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that are characterized by immunosuppressive activity, which plays a key role in host immune homeostasis. In this review, we have discussed the core metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, lipid and fatty acid biosynthesis, and amino acid metabolism in the MDSCs under various pathologic situations. Metabolic reprogramming is a determinant of the phenotype and functions of MDSCs, and is therefore a novel therapeutic possibility in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang University Medical CenterHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yixue Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang University Medical CenterHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Qinru Yu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang University Medical CenterHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang University Medical CenterHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang University Medical CenterHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yu Lin
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Institute of HematologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity TherapyHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Liangzhu LaboratoryZhejiang University Medical CenterHangzhouZhejiangChina
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33
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Berg NK, Li J, Kim B, Mills T, Pei G, Zhao Z, Li X, Zhang X, Ruan W, Eltzschig HK, Yuan X. Hypoxia-inducible factor-dependent induction of myeloid-derived netrin-1 attenuates natural killer cell infiltration during endotoxin-induced lung injury. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21334. [PMID: 33715200 PMCID: PMC8251729 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002407r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis and sepsis‐associated lung inflammation significantly contribute to the morbidity and mortality of critical illness. Here, we examined the hypothesis that neuronal guidance proteins could orchestrate inflammatory events during endotoxin‐induced lung injury. Through a targeted array, we identified netrin‐1 as the top upregulated neuronal guidance protein in macrophages treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Furthermore, we found that netrin‐1 is highly enriched in infiltrating myeloid cells, particularly in macrophages during LPS‐induced lung injury. Transcriptional studies implicate hypoxia‐inducible factor HIF‐1α in the transcriptional induction of netrin‐1 during LPS treatment. Subsequently, the deletion of netrin‐1 in the myeloid compartment (Ntn1loxp/loxp LysM Cre) resulted in exaggerated mortality and lung inflammation. Surprisingly, further studies revealed enhanced natural killer cells (NK cells) infiltration in Ntn1loxp/loxp LysM Cre mice, and neutralization of NK cell chemoattractant chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) reversed the exaggerated lung inflammation. Together, these studies provide functional insight into myeloid cell‐derived netrin‐1 in controlling lung inflammation through the modulation of CCL2‐dependent infiltration of NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel K Berg
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jiwen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boyun Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tingting Mills
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guangsheng Pei
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiangyun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wei Ruan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
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34
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Figueiredo AB, de Oliveira E Castro RA, Nogueira-Paiva NC, Moreira F, Gonçalves FQ, Soares RP, Castro-Borges W, Silva GG, Cunha RA, Gonçalves T, Afonso LCC. Clustering of adenosine A 2B receptors with ectonucleotidases in caveolin-rich lipid rafts underlies immunomodulation by Leishmania amazonensis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21509. [PMID: 33813781 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002396rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine plays important roles in modulating the immune responses. We have previously demonstrated that infection of dendritic cells (DC) by Leishmania amazonensis leads to increased expression of CD39 and CD73 and to the selective activation of the low affinity A2B receptors (A2B R), which contributes to DC inhibition, without involvement of the high affinity A2A R. To understand this apparent paradox, we now characterized the alterations of both adenosine receptors in infected cells. With this aim, bone marrow-derived DC from C57BL/6J mice were infected with metacyclic promastigotes of L. amazonensis. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that L. amazonensis infection stimulates the recruitment of A2B R, but not of A2A R, to the surface of infected DC, without altering the amount of mRNA or the total A2B R density, an effect dependent on lipophosphoglycan (LPG). Log-phase promastigotes or axenic amastigotes of L. amazonensis do not stimulate A2B R recruitment. A2B R clusters are localized in caveolin-rich lipid rafts and the disruption of these membrane domains impairs A2B R recruitment and activation. More importantly, our results show that A2B R co-localize with CD39 and CD73 forming a "purinergic cluster" that allows for the production of extracellular adenosine in close proximity with these receptors. We conclude that A2B R activation by locally produced adenosine constitutes an elegant and powerful evasion mechanism used by L. amazonensis to down-modulate the DC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Braga Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Renata Alves de Oliveira E Castro
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Nívia Carolina Nogueira-Paiva
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Microscopia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Filipa Moreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | - William Castro-Borges
- Laboratório de Enzimologia e Proteômica, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Gonçalves Silva
- Laboratório de Enzimologia e Proteômica, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Antunes Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Gonçalves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís Carlos Crocco Afonso
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
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35
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Pasquini S, Contri C, Borea PA, Vincenzi F, Varani K. Adenosine and Inflammation: Here, There and Everywhere. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7685. [PMID: 34299305 PMCID: PMC8304851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous modulator with the main function of maintaining cellular and tissue homeostasis in pathological and stress conditions. It exerts its effect through the interaction with four G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) subtypes referred as A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 adenosine receptors (ARs), each of which has a unique pharmacological profile and tissue distribution. Adenosine is a potent modulator of inflammation, and for this reason the adenosinergic system represents an excellent pharmacological target for the myriad of diseases in which inflammation represents a cause, a pathogenetic mechanism, a consequence, a manifestation, or a protective factor. The omnipresence of ARs in every cell of the immune system as well as in almost all cells in the body represents both an opportunity and an obstacle to the clinical use of AR ligands. This review offers an overview of the cardinal role of adenosine in the modulation of inflammation, showing how the stimulation or blocking of its receptors or agents capable of regulating its extracellular concentration can represent promising therapeutic strategies for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pathologies, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pasquini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (C.C.); (K.V.)
| | - Chiara Contri
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (C.C.); (K.V.)
| | | | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (C.C.); (K.V.)
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (C.C.); (K.V.)
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36
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Sun D, Ko MK, Shao H, Kaplan HJ. Augmented Th17-stimulating activity of BMDCs as a result of reciprocal interaction between γδ and dendritic cells. Mol Immunol 2021; 134:13-24. [PMID: 33689926 PMCID: PMC8629029 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that γδ T cells have a strong regulatory effect on Th17 autoimmune responses in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). In the current study, we show that reciprocal interactions between mouse γδ T cells and dendritic cells (DCs) played a major role in γδ regulation of Th17 responses. Mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) acquired an increased ability to enhance Th17 autoimmune responses after exposure to γδ T cells; meanwhile, after exposure, a significant portion of the BMDCs expressed CD73 - a molecule that is fundamental in the conversion of immunostimulatory ATP into immunosuppressive adenosine. Functional studies showed that CD73+ BMDCs were uniquely effective in stimulating the Th17 responses, as compared to CD73- BMDCs; and activated γδ T cells are much more effective than non-activated γδ T cells at inducing CD73+ BMDCs. As a result, activated γδ T cells acquired greater Th17-enhancing activity. Treatment of BMDCs with the CD73-specific antagonist APCP abolished the enhancing effect of the BMDCs. γδ T cells more effectively induced CD73+ BMDCs from the BMDCs that were pre-exposed to TLR ligands, and the response was further augmented by adenosine. Moreover, BMDCs acquired increased ability to stimulate γδ activation after pre-exposure to TLR ligands and adenosine. Our results demonstrated that both extra-cellular adenosine and TLR ligands are critical factors in augmented Th17 responses in this autoimmune disease, and the reciprocal interactions between γδ T cells and DCs play a major role in promoting Th17 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States.
| | - Minhee K Ko
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, United States
| | - Henry J Kaplan
- Saint Louis University (SLU) Eye Institute, SLU School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, United States
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37
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Abstract
The purine alkaloid caffeine is the most widely consumed psychostimulant drug in the world and has multiple beneficial pharmacological activities, for example, in neurodegenerative diseases. However, despite being an extensively studied bioactive natural product, the mechanistic understanding of caffeine's pharmacological effects is incomplete. While several molecular targets of caffeine such as adenosine receptors and phosphodiesterases have been known for decades and inspired numerous medicinal chemistry programs, new protein interactions of the xanthine are continuously discovered providing potentially improved pharmacological understanding and a molecular basis for future medicinal chemistry. In this Perspective, we gather knowledge on the confirmed protein interactions, structure activity relationship, and chemical biology of caffeine on well-known and upcoming targets. The diversity of caffeine's molecular activities on receptors and enzymes, many of which are abundant in the CNS, indicates a complex interplay of several mechanisms contributing to neuroprotective effects and highlights new targets as attractive subjects for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Faudone
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Silvia Arifi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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38
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Li J, Conrad C, Mills TW, Berg NK, Kim B, Ruan W, Lee JW, Zhang X, Yuan X, Eltzschig HK. PMN-derived netrin-1 attenuates cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury via myeloid ADORA2B signaling. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212023. [PMID: 33891683 PMCID: PMC8077173 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies implicated the neuronal guidance molecule netrin-1 in attenuating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the tissue-specific sources and receptor signaling events remain elusive. Neutrophils are among the first cells responding to an ischemic insult and can be associated with tissue injury or rescue. We found netrin-1 levels were elevated in the blood of patients with myocardial infarction, as well as in mice exposed to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. Selectively increased infarct sizes and troponin levels were found in Ntn1loxP/loxP Lyz2 Cre+ mice, but not in mice with conditional netrin-1 deletion in other tissue compartments. In vivo studies using neutrophil depletion identified neutrophils as the main source for elevated blood netrin-1 during myocardial injury. Finally, pharmacologic studies using treatment with recombinant netrin-1 revealed a functional role for purinergic signaling events through the myeloid adenosine A2b receptor in mediating netrin-1-elicited cardioprotection. These findings suggest an autocrine signaling loop with a functional role for neutrophil-derived netrin-1 in attenuating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through myeloid adenosine A2b signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Catharina Conrad
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX.,Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tingting W Mills
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Nathaniel K Berg
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Boyun Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Wei Ruan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX.,Department of Anesthesiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Jae W Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Xu Zhang
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX
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39
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Eudy BJ, da Silva RP. Systematic deletion of adenosine receptors reveals novel roles in inflammation and pyroptosis in THP-1 macrophages. Mol Immunol 2021; 132:1-7. [PMID: 33524770 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages perform the fundamental function of sensing cellular damage, initiating and mediating immune response and tissue repair. Adenine nucleotides are in relatively high abundance in cells and are released from cells during tissue damage that are converted to adenosine in the extracellular environment. The A1, A2A, A2B and A3 adenosine receptors serve to regulate immune function. Despite characterization of the adenosine receptors, a comprehensive examination of adenosine receptor signaling in THP-1 macrophage cells has not been done. Moreover, previous studies employed chemical agonists and antagonists that have the potential for off-target affects. Here we systematically knockdown each of the four known adenosine receptors in THP-1 macrophages using validated siRNA and investigated their function under LPS stimulation. We demonstrate that the A1 receptor is required for adenosine-stimulated IL-10 and IL-1β secretion indicating an important role of this receptor during resolution of inflammation and tissue repair in these cells. The A1 and A3 receptor were required for IL-6 and IL-1β secretion showing a net pro-inflammatory role for these receptors. Finally, we present the novel finding that THP-1 macrophages lacking the A2B receptor undergo pyroptosis when exposed to LPS, demonstrating a novel role of the A2B receptor in regulation of programmed cell death during inflammation. This work underscores the fundamental importance of adenosine signaling and provides insight into the independent roles of the adenosine receptors in modulating cytokine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Eudy
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Robin P da Silva
- University of Manitoba, 745 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Canada.
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40
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Vega-García A, Feria-Romero I, García-Juárez A, Munguia-Madera AC, Montes-Aparicio AV, Zequeida-Muñoz E, Garcia-Albavera E, Orozco-Suárez S. Cannabinoids: A New Perspective on Epileptogenesis and Seizure Treatment in Early Life in Basic and Clinical Studies. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 14:610484. [PMID: 33510627 PMCID: PMC7835327 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.610484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural hyperexcitability in the event of damage during early life, such as hyperthermia, hypoxia, traumatic brain injury, status epilepticus, or a pre-existing neuroinflammatory condition, can promote the process of epileptogenesis, which is defined as the sequence of events that converts a normal circuit into a hyperexcitable circuit and represents the time that occurs between the damaging event and the development of spontaneous seizure activity or the establishment of epilepsy. Epilepsy is the most common neurological disease in the world, characterized by the presence of seizures recurring without apparent provocation. Cannabidiol (CBD), a phytocannabinoid derived from the subspecies Cannabis sativa (CS), is the most studied active ingredient and is currently studied as a therapeutic strategy: it is an anticonvulsant mainly used in children with catastrophic epileptic syndromes and has also been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, supporting it as a therapeutic strategy with neuroprotective potential. However, the mechanisms by which CBD exerts these effects are not entirely known, and the few studies on acute and chronic models in immature animals have provided contradictory results. Thus, it is difficult to evaluate the therapeutic profile of CBD, as well as the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in epileptogenesis in the immature brain. Therefore, this review focuses on the collection of scientific data in animal models, as well as information from clinical studies on the effects of cannabinoids on epileptogenesis and their anticonvulsant and adverse effects in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Vega-García
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Iris Feria-Romero
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, "Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Anais García-Juárez
- División de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Ana Ch Munguia-Madera
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, "Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alexia V Montes-Aparicio
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, "Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | | | - Sandra Orozco-Suárez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, "Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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41
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Rehman A, Rehman L, Ullah R, Beg MA, Khan MAH, Abidi SMA. Oxidative status and changes in the adenosine deaminase activity in experimental host infected with tropical liver fluke, Fasciola gigantica. Acta Trop 2021; 213:105753. [PMID: 33166513 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fine tuning of the metabolic, physiological and immunological cues along with interplay between the biomolecules of the host and the parasite could be responsible for the successful establishment of parasitic infections. The present investigation was aimed at evaluating the oxidative status and the level of adenosine deaminase (ADA) in the serum and liver of rabbits experimentally infected with Fasciola gigantica. A significant increase in level of ROS, MDA and 4-HNE along with a decline in the SOD, CAT, GR and GST activity was evident in rabbits experimentally infected with Fasciola gigantica. However, there was an increase in the GPX activity in the sera of infected rabbits. The increased GPX activity and decreased GR activity would have resulted in the depletion of GSH, a key non-enzymatic antioxidant, in the infected animals. The level of GSSG was also found to be higher in the sera and liver tissues of the infected rabbits along with a decline in the GSH/GSSG ratio, indicating a high level of oxidative stress in the infected animals, which also showed a significant increase in the activity of the marker enzymes of liver pathology, AST and ALT. Further, a significant inhibition of the adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in the infected rabbits was accompanied with the reduction in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-6 while the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-4 level was significantly elevated. In conclusion, the F. gigantica induced significant oxidative stress as evident from the increased levels of ROS and lipid peroxidation along with the disruption of antioxidant and detoxification cascade ultimately lead to pathogenic and inflammatory responses in the experimental host. Whereas, the altered ADA activity could modulate the host's immune responses toward Th-2 type and would facilitate the successful establishment of flukes within their host, thus indicating that ADA could be exploited as a target for the development of novel anthelmintic drugs against fasciolosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rehman
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
| | - Lubna Rehman
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Rizwan Ullah
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mirza A Beg
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - M A Hannan Khan
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India; Department of Zoology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, BGSB University, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - S M A Abidi
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
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42
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Kotańska M, Szafarz M, Mika K, Dziubina A, Bednarski M, Müller CE, Sapa J, Kieć-Kononowicz K. PSB 603 - a known selective adenosine A2B receptor antagonist - has anti-inflammatory activity in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 135:111164. [PMID: 33385856 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A2B adenosine receptors are present in a wide spectrum of tissues, especially on cells of the immune system. Since these particular receptors have the lowest, of all adenosine receptor subtypes, affinity for adenosine they are believed to play a special role in immunological processes associated with elevated adenosine levels such as inflammation. The aim of this preliminary study was to determine the potential anti-inflammatory properties of compound PSB-603, a potent and selective adenosine A2B receptor antagonist, in two different experimental models of local and systemic inflammation. In a model of inflammation induced by local carrageenan administration paw edema was measured using a pletysmometer. Additionally, levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined in the inflamed paw. Using the mouse model of peripheral inflammation induced by intraperitoneal (ip) administration of zymosan A, the influence of the A2B antagonist on the infiltration of neutrophils into the peritoneum and its effect on the plasma levels of CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6 were investigated. The results showed that PSB-603 administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.w. ip significantly reduced inflammation in both tested models. Particularly, it significantly decreased levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and of ROS in the inflamed paw and reduced inflammation of the peritoneum by significantly decreasing the infiltration of leukocytes. Additionally, in the latter model, no statistically significant difference was observed in the CRP level between the control group without inflammation and the group which has been treated with the PSB-603 compound. Thus, the results may indicate the anti-inflammatory activity of adenosine A2B receptor antagonists in two different models of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kotańska
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, PL 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Szafarz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Mika
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, PL 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Dziubina
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, PL 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Bednarski
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, PL 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jacek Sapa
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, PL 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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43
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Majellaro M, Jespers W, Crespo A, Núñez MJ, Novio S, Azuaje J, Prieto-Díaz R, Gioé C, Alispahic B, Brea J, Loza MI, Freire-Garabal M, Garcia-Santiago C, Rodríguez-García C, García-Mera X, Caamaño O, Fernandez-Masaguer C, Sardina JF, Stefanachi A, El Maatougui A, Mallo-Abreu A, Åqvist J, Gutiérrez-de-Terán H, Sotelo E. 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1 H)-ones as Antagonists of the Human A 2B Adenosine Receptor: Optimization, Structure-Activity Relationship Studies, and Enantiospecific Recognition. J Med Chem 2020; 64:458-480. [PMID: 33372800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We present and thoroughly characterize a large collection of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones as A2BAR antagonists, an emerging strategy in cancer (immuno) therapy. Most compounds selectively bind A2BAR, with a number of potent and selective antagonists further confirmed by functional cyclic adenosine monophosphate experiments. The series was analyzed with one of the most exhaustive free energy perturbation studies on a GPCR, obtaining an accurate model of the structure-activity relationship of this chemotype. The stereospecific binding modeled for this scaffold was confirmed by resolving the two most potent ligands [(±)-47, and (±)-38 Ki = 10.20 and 23.6 nM, respectively] into their two enantiomers, isolating the affinity on the corresponding (S)-eutomers (Ki = 6.30 and 11.10 nM, respectively). The assessment of the effect in representative cytochromes (CYP3A4 and CYP2D6) demonstrated insignificant inhibitory activity, while in vitro experiments in three prostate cancer cells demonstrated that this pair of compounds exhibits a pronounced antimetastatic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Majellaro
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica y Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Willem Jespers
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Abel Crespo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica y Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María J Núñez
- SNL, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Silvia Novio
- SNL, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jhonny Azuaje
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica y Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rubén Prieto-Díaz
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica y Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Claudia Gioé
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica y Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Belma Alispahic
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - José Brea
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María I Loza
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Freire-Garabal
- SNL, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlota Garcia-Santiago
- SNL, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Rodríguez-García
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica y Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Xerardo García-Mera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Olga Caamaño
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Christian Fernandez-Masaguer
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier F Sardina
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica y Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angela Stefanachi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari ALDO MORO, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Abdelaziz El Maatougui
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica y Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Mallo-Abreu
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica y Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Johan Åqvist
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Eddy Sotelo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica y Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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44
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Plebanek MP, Sturdivant M, DeVito NC, Hanks BA. Role of dendritic cell metabolic reprogramming in tumor immune evasion. Int Immunol 2020; 32:485-491. [PMID: 32449776 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxaa036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The dendritic cell (DC) is recognized as a vital mediator of anti-tumor immunity. More recent studies have also demonstrated the important role of DCs in the generation of effective responses to checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. Metabolic programming of DCs dictates their functionality and can determine which DCs become immunostimulatory versus those that develop a tolerized phenotype capable of actively suppressing effector T-cell responses to cancers. As a result, there is great interest in understanding what mechanisms have evolved in cancers to alter these metabolic pathways, thereby allowing for their continued progression and metastasis. The therapeutic strategies developed to reverse these processes of DC tolerization in the tumor microenvironment represent promising candidates for future testing in combination immunotherapy clinical trials.
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45
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Chang D, Whiteley AT, Bugda Gwilt K, Lencer WI, Mekalanos JJ, Thiagarajah JR. Extracellular cyclic dinucleotides induce polarized responses in barrier epithelial cells by adenosine signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:27502-27508. [PMID: 33087577 PMCID: PMC7959571 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015919117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are secondary messengers used by prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In mammalian cells, cytosolic CDNs bind STING (stimulator of IFN gene), resulting in the production of type I IFN. Extracellular CDNs can enter the cytosol through several pathways but how CDNs work from outside eukaryotic cells remains poorly understood. Here, we elucidate a mechanism of action on intestinal epithelial cells for extracellular CDNs. We found that CDNs containing adenosine induced a robust CFTR-mediated chloride secretory response together with cAMP-mediated inhibition of Poly I:C-stimulated IFNβ expression. Signal transduction was strictly polarized to the serosal side of the epithelium, dependent on the extracellular and sequential hydrolysis of CDNs to adenosine by the ectonucleosidases ENPP1 and CD73, and occurred via activation of A2B adenosine receptors. These studies highlight a pathway by which microbial and host produced extracellular CDNs can regulate the innate immune response of barrier epithelial cells lining mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Aaron T Whiteley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
| | - Katlynn Bugda Gwilt
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Wayne I Lencer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Harvard Digestive Disease Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - John J Mekalanos
- Harvard Digestive Disease Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jay R Thiagarajah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;
- Harvard Digestive Disease Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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46
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Antonioli L, Fornai M, Pellegrini C, Bertani L, Nemeth ZH, Blandizzi C. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: It's Time for the Adenosine System. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1310. [PMID: 32849492 PMCID: PMC7403190 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Bertani
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Zoltan H Nemeth
- Department of Surgery, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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47
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DiNicolantonio JJ, Barroso-Aranda J. Harnessing adenosine A2A receptors as a strategy for suppressing the lung inflammation and thrombotic complications of COVID-19: Potential of pentoxifylline and dipyridamole. Med Hypotheses 2020; 143:110051. [PMID: 32650197 PMCID: PMC7330590 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Counterproductive lung inflammation and dysregulated thrombosis contribute importantly to the lethality of advanced COVID-19. Adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR), expressed by a wide range of immune cells, as well as endothelial cells and platelets, exert cAMP-mediated anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects that potentially could be highly protective in this regard. The venerable drug pentoxifylline (PTX) exerts both anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects that reflect its ability to boost the responsiveness of A2AR to extracellular adenosine. The platelet-stabilizing drug dipyridamole (DIP) blocks intracellular uptake of extracellularly-generated adenosine, thereby up-regulating A2AR signaling in a way that should be functionally complementary to the impact of PTX in that regard. Moreover, DIP has recently been reported to slow the cellular replication of SARS-CoV-2 in clinically feasible concentrations. Both PTX and DIP are reasonably safe, well-tolerated, widely available, and inexpensive drugs. When COVID-19 patients can be treated within several days of symptom onset, using PTX + DIP in conjunction with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and an antibiotic – azithromycin (AZM) or doxycycline – might be warranted. HCQ and AZM can suppress SARS-CoV-2 proliferation in vitro and may slow the cell-to-cell spread of the virus; a large case series evaluating this combination in early-stage patients reported an impressively low mortality rate. However, whereas HCQ and AZM can promote QT interval lengthening and may be contraindicated in more advanced COVID-19 entailing cardiac damage, doxycycline has no such effect and exerts a potentially beneficial anti-inflammatory action. In contrast to HCQ, we propose that the combination of PTX + DIP can be used in both early and advanced stages of COVID-19. Concurrent use of certain nutraceuticals – yeast beta-glucan, zinc, vitamin D, spirulina, phase 2 inducers, N-acetylcysteine, glucosamine, quercetin, and magnesium – might also improve therapeutic outcomes in COVID-19.
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48
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Liu Y, Ma Y, Du B, Wang Y, Yang GY, Bi X. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuated Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption via Downregulation of Aquaporin-4 Expression in EAE Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3891-3901. [PMID: 32613467 PMCID: PMC7399688 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01998-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier disruption is one of the hallmarks of multiple sclerosis. Mesenchymal stem cells showed great potential for the multiple sclerosis therapy. However, the effect of mesenchymal stem cells on blood-brain barrier in multiple sclerosis remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether mesenchymal stem cells transplantation protected blood-brain barrier integrity and further explored possible underlying mechanisms. Adult female C57BL/6 mice were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide33-55 (MOG33-55) to induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Mesenchymal stem cells (5 × 105) were transplanted via tail vein at disease onset. In the cell culture, we examined lipopolysaccharide-induced AQP4 upregulation in astrocytes. Results indicated that mesenchymal stem cells therapy improved neurobehavioral outcomes in EAE mice, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, IgG protein leakage, and demyelination in spinal cord. Mesenchymal stem cells therapy also increased tight junction protein expression. In addition, mesenchymal stem cells downregulated AQP4 and A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) expression in EAE mice in spinal cord. We found that MSCs-conditioned medium (MCM) reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines, AQP4 and A2BAR in lipopolysaccharide-activated astrocytes. BAY-60-6583 (a selective A2BAR agonist) reversed the MCM-induced AQP4 downregulation and increased p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Furthermore, the upregulation effects of A2BAR agonist were eliminated when treated with p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580. Thus, we concluded that mesenchymal stem cells alleviated blood-brain barrier disruption by downregulating AQP4 in multiple sclerosis, possibly through inhibiting the A2BAR/p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Our work suggests that mesenchymal stem cells exert beneficial effect through maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity in EAE mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.,Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bingying Du
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yongting Wang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Xiaoying Bi
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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49
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Rehman A, Baloch NUA, Morrow JP, Pacher P, Haskó G. Targeting of G-protein coupled receptors in sepsis. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 211:107529. [PMID: 32197794 PMCID: PMC7388546 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Third International Consensus Definitions (Sepsis-3) define sepsis as life-threatening multi-organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Sepsis can progress to septic shock-an even more lethal condition associated with profound circulatory, cellular and metabolic abnormalities. Septic shock remains a leading cause of death in intensive care units and carries a mortality of almost 25%. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the pathobiology of sepsis, therapeutic interventions have not translated into tangible differences in the overall outcome for patients. Clinical trials of antagonists of various pro-inflammatory mediators in sepsis have been largely unsuccessful in the past. Given the diverse physiologic roles played by G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR), modulation of GPCR signaling for the treatment of sepsis has also been explored. Traditional pharmacologic approaches have mainly focused on ligands targeting the extracellular domains of GPCR. However, novel techniques aimed at modulating GPCR intracellularly through aptamers, pepducins and intrabodies have opened a fresh avenue of therapeutic possibilities. In this review, we summarize the diverse roles played by various subfamilies of GPCR in the pathogenesis of sepsis and identify potential targets for pharmacotherapy through these novel approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rehman
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Noor Ul-Ain Baloch
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - John P Morrow
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Pál Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States.
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50
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Chen S, Akdemir I, Fan J, Linden J, Zhang B, Cekic C. The Expression of Adenosine A2B Receptor on Antigen-Presenting Cells Suppresses CD8 + T-cell Responses and Promotes Tumor Growth. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 8:1064-1074. [PMID: 32381524 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-19-0833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that inhibiting adenosine-generating ecto-enzymes (CD39 and CD73) and/or adenosine A2A or A2B receptors (R) stimulates antitumor immunity and limits tumor progression. Although activating A2ARs or A2BRs causes similar immunosuppressive and protumoral functions, few studies have investigated the distinct role of A2BR in cancer. Here, we showed that A2BR expression by hematopoietic cells was primarily responsible for promoting tumor growth. Deletion of A2BR profoundly enhanced anticancer T-cell immunity. Although T-cell A2BR plays an insignificant role for A2BR-mediated immunosuppression and tumor promotion, A2BR deficiency in tumor-bearing mice caused increased infiltration of myeloid and CD103+ dendritic cells, which was associated with more effective cross-priming of adoptively transferred tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. A2BR deletion also intrinsically favored accumulation of myeloid and CD11bdim antigen-presenting cells (APC) in the tumor microenvironment. Both myeloid-specific or CD11c-specific conditional deletion of A2BR delayed primary tumor growth. Myeloid, but not CD11c-specific conditional, depletion delayed lung metastasis. Pharmacologic blockade of A2BR improved the antitumor effect of adoptive T-cell therapy. Overall, these results suggested that A2BR expression on myeloid cells and APCs indirectly suppressed CD8+ T-cell responses and promoted metastasis. These data provide a strong rationale to combine A2BR inhibition with T-cell-based immunotherapy for the treatment of tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Chen
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Imran Akdemir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jie Fan
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joel Linden
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California
| | - Bin Zhang
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine-Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Caglar Cekic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey. .,Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California
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