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Kirshenbaum JS, Pagliaccio D, Pizzagalli DA, Auerbach RP. Neural sensitivity following stress predicts anhedonia symptoms: a 2-year multi-wave, longitudinal study. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:106. [PMID: 38388454 PMCID: PMC10884408 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal models of depression show that acute stress negatively impacts functioning in neural regions sensitive to reward and punishment, often manifesting as anhedonic behaviors. However, few human studies have probed stress-induced neural activation changes in relation to anhedonia, which is critical for clarifying risk for affective disorders. Participants (N = 85, 12-14 years-old, 53 female), oversampled for risk of depression, were administered clinical assessments and completed an fMRI guessing task during a baseline (no-stress) period to probe neural response to receipt of rewards and losses. After the initial task run of the fMRI guessing task, participants received an acute stressor and then, were re-administered the guessing task. Including baseline, participants provided up to 10 self-report assessments of life stress and symptoms over a 2 year period. Linear mixed-effects models estimated whether change in neural activation (post- vs. pre-acute stressor) moderated the longitudinal associations between life stress and symptoms. Primary analyses indicated that adolescents with stress-related reductions in right ventral striatum response to rewards exhibited stronger longitudinal associations between life stress and anhedonia severity (β = -0.06, 95%CI[-0.11, -0.02], p = 0.008, pFDR = 0.048). Secondary analyses showed that longitudinal positive associations between life stress and depression severity were moderated by stress-related increases in dorsal striatum response to rewards (left caudate β = 0.11, 95%CI[0.07,0.17], p < 0.001, pFDR = 0.002; right caudate β = 0.07, 95%CI[0.02,0.12], p = 0.002, pFDR = 0.003; left putamen β = 0.09, 95%CI[0.04, 0.14], p < 0.001, pFDR = 0.002; right putamen β = 0.08, 95%CI[0.03, 0.12], p < 0.001, pFDR = 0.002). Additionally, longitudinal positive associations among life stress and anxiety severity were moderated by stress-related reductions in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (β = -0.07, 95%CI[-0.12,.02], p = 0.008, pFDR = 0.012) and right anterior insula (β = -0.07, 95%CI[-0.12,-0.02], p = 0.002, pFDR = 0.006) response to loss. All results held when adjusting for comorbid symptoms. Results show convergence with animal models, highlighting mechanisms that may facilitate stress-induced anhedonia as well as a separable pathway for the emergence of depressive and anxiety symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn S Kirshenbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - David Pagliaccio
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Randy P Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Clinical Developmental Neuroscience, Sackler Institute, New York, NY, USA
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2
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Sandre A, Weinberg A, Park J. Psychophysiology and affective processing across the lifespan: Pathways to psychopathology. Biol Psychol 2024; 186:108740. [PMID: 38154702 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aislinn Sandre
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Anna Weinberg
- Department of Ps ychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Juhyun Park
- Department of Ps ychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada.
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3
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Olino TM, Mattoni M. Neural activation and connectivity in offspring of depressed mothers during monetary and social reward tasks. Biol Psychol 2024; 185:108724. [PMID: 37981097 PMCID: PMC10842196 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Multiple previous studies show associations between history of and familial risk for depression and reward function. These previous studies have predominantly focused on neural activation during monetary tasks. Fewer studies of have examined functional connectivity and social reward tasks, particularly in offspring of mothers with depression. This study examined brain function in older children (aged 9-14 years) through both regional activation and functional connectivity during monetary (n = 103) and social reward (n = 115) tasks. Overall, our study failed to find significant differences between offspring of mothers with and without depression on monetary (65 offspring of mothers without and 38 offspring of mother with depression) and social reward (73 offspring of mothers without and 42 offspring of mother with depression) tasks on task activation and functional connectivity. We discuss possibilities for developmental timing of finding differences between offspring of mothers with and without depression on monetary and social reward tasks.
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Rappaport BI, Kujawa A, Arfer KB, Pegg S, Kelly D, Jackson JJ, Luby JL, Barch DM. Behavioral and psychiatric correlates of brain responses to social feedback. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14413. [PMID: 37612834 PMCID: PMC10841166 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Maladaptive responses to peer acceptance and rejection arise in numerous psychiatric disorders in adolescence; yet, homogeneity and heterogeneity across disorders suggest common and unique mechanisms of impaired social function. We tested the hypothesis that social feedback is processed similarly to other forms of feedback (e.g., monetary) by examining the correspondence between the brain's response to social acceptance and rejection and behavioral performance on a separate reward and loss task. We also examined the relationship between these brain responses and depression and social anxiety severity. The sample consisted of one hundred and thirteen 16-21-year olds who received virtual peer acceptance/rejection feedback in an event-related potential (ERP) task. We used temporospatial principal component analysis and identified a component consistent with the reward positivity (RewP) or feedback negativity (FN). RewP to social acceptance was not significantly related to reward bias or the FN to social rejection related to loss avoidance. The relationship between RewP and depression severity, while nonsignificant, was of a similar magnitude to prior studies. Exploratory analyses yielded a significant relationship between lower socioeconomic status (SES) and blunted RewP and between lower SES and heightened loss avoidance and blunted reward bias. These findings build on prior work to improve our understanding of the function of the brain's response to social feedback, while also suggesting a pathway for further study, whereby poverty leads to depression via social and reward learning mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Autumn Kujawa
- Department of Psychology & Human Development Vanderbilt University
| | | | - Samantha Pegg
- Department of Psychology & Human Development Vanderbilt University
| | - Danielle Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine Washington University in St. Louis
| | | | - Joan L. Luby
- Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Psychological & Brain Science Washington University in St. Louis
- Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine Washington University in St. Louis
- Department of Radiology School of Medicine Washington University in St. Louis
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5
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Flannery JS, Jorgensen NA, Kwon SJ, Prinstein MJ, Telzer EH, Lindquist KA. Developmental Changes in Habenular and Striatal Social Reinforcement Responsivity Across Adolescence Linked With Substance Use. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:888-897. [PMID: 37120062 PMCID: PMC10611899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Habenula (HB) function is implicated in substance use disorders and is involved in inhibiting dopamine release in the ventral striatum (VS). While blunted VS reward responsivity is implicated in risk for later substance use, links between HB reinforcement processing and progression of use have not, to our knowledge, been examined among adolescents. In the present study, we longitudinally assessed HB and VS responsivity to social rewards and punishments across adolescence and examined associations with substance use. METHODS Within a longitudinal design, 170 adolescents (53.5% female) completed 1 to 3 functional magnetic resonance imaging scans across 6th to 9th grade and reported yearly substance use across 6th to 11th grade. We examined VS and HB responsivity to social reinforcement during a social incentive delay task in which adolescents received social rewards (smiling faces) and punishments (scowling faces). RESULTS We observed increased VS responsivity to social rewards (vs. reward omissions) and increased VS, but decreased HB, responsivity to social punishment avoidance versus receipt. However, contrary to hypotheses, the HB displayed increased responsivity to social rewards (vs. reward omissions). Further, adolescents reporting regular substance use displayed longitudinally declining HB responsivity to social rewards (vs. reward omissions), whereas adolescents reporting no substance use displayed longitudinally increasing HB responsivity. In contrast, whereas VS responsivity to punishment avoidance versus receipt increased longitudinally among regular substance users, it stayed relatively stable among nonusers. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that differential HB and VS social reinforcement processing trajectories across adolescence are associated with substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Flannery
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - Nathan A Jorgensen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Seh-Joo Kwon
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Mitchell J Prinstein
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Eva H Telzer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kristen A Lindquist
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Kasparek SW, Gastón-Panthaki A, Hanford LC, Lengua LJ, Sheridan MA, McLaughlin KA. Does reward processing moderate or mediate the link between childhood adversity and psychopathology: A longitudinal study. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:2338-2351. [PMID: 37554120 PMCID: PMC10853484 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Childhood adversity is common and associated with elevated risk for transdiagnostic psychopathology. Reward processing has been implicated in the link between adversity and psychopathology, but whether it serves as a mediator or moderator is unclear. This study examined whether alterations in behavioral and neural reward processing function as a mechanism or moderator of psychopathology outcomes following adversity experiences, including threat (i.e., trauma) and deprivation. A longitudinal community sample of 10-15-year-old youths was assessed across two waves (Wave 1: n = 228; Wave 2: n = 206). Wave 1 assessed adverse experiences, psychopathology symptoms, reward processing on a monetary incentive delay task, and resting-state fMRI. At Wave 2, psychopathology symptoms were reassessed. Greater threat experiences were associated with blunted behavioral reward sensitivity, which, in turn, predicted increases in depression symptoms over time and mediated the prospective association between threat and depression symptoms. In contrast, reward sensitivity moderated the association between deprivation experiences and prospective externalizing symptoms such that the positive association of deprivation with increasing externalizing symptoms was absent for children with high levels of reward sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Margaret A. Sheridan
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Ding Y, Ou Y, Yan H, Liu F, Li H, Li P, Xie G, Cui X, Guo W. Uncovering the Neural Correlates of Anhedonia Subtypes in Major Depressive Disorder: Implications for Intervention Strategies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3138. [PMID: 38137360 PMCID: PMC10740577 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) represents a serious public health concern, negatively affecting individuals' quality of life and making a substantial contribution to the global burden of disease. Anhedonia is a core symptom of MDD and is associated with poor treatment outcomes. Variability in anhedonia components within MDD has been observed, suggesting heterogeneity in psychopathology across subgroups. However, little is known about anhedonia subgroups in MDD and their underlying neural correlates across subgroups. To address this question, we employed a hierarchical cluster analysis based on Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale subscales in 60 first-episode, drug-naive MDD patients and 32 healthy controls. Then we conducted a connectome-wide association study and whole-brain voxel-wise functional analyses for identified subgroups. There were three main findings: (1) three subgroups with different anhedonia profiles were identified using a data mining approach; (2) several parts of the reward network (especially pallidum and dorsal striatum) were associated with anticipatory and consummatory pleasure; (3) different patterns of within- and between-network connectivity contributed to the disparities of anhedonia profiles across three MDD subgroups. Here, we show that anhedonia in MDD is not uniform and can be categorized into distinct subgroups, and our research contributes to the understanding of neural underpinnings, offering potential treatment directions. This work emphasizes the need for tailored approaches in the complex landscape of MDD. The identification of homogeneous, stable, and neurobiologically valid MDD subtypes could significantly enhance our comprehension and management of this multifaceted condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Ding
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.D.); (H.Y.); (G.X.)
| | - Yangpan Ou
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.D.); (H.Y.); (G.X.)
| | - Haohao Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.D.); (H.Y.); (G.X.)
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China;
| | - Huabing Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China;
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China;
| | - Guangrong Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.D.); (H.Y.); (G.X.)
| | - Xilong Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.D.); (H.Y.); (G.X.)
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.D.); (H.Y.); (G.X.)
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8
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Mattoni M, Hopman HJ, Dadematthews A, Chan SSM, Olino TM. Specificity of associations between parental psychopathology and offspring brain structure. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2023; 334:111684. [PMID: 37499380 PMCID: PMC10530479 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Multiple forms of parental psychopathology have been associated with differences in subcortical brain volume. However, few studies have considered the role of comorbidity. Here, we examine if alterations in child subcortical brain structure are specific to parental depression, anxiety, mania, or alcohol/substance use parental psychopathology, common across these disorders, or altered by a history of multiple disorders. We examined 6581 children aged 9 to 10 years old from the ABCD study with no history of mental disorders. We found several significant interactions such that the effects of a parental history of depression, anxiety, and substance use problems on amygdala and striatal volumes were moderated by comorbid parental history of another disorder. Interactions tended to suggest smaller volumes in the presence of a comorbid disorder. However, effect sizes were small, and no associations remained significant after correcting for multiple comparisons. Results suggest that associations between familial risk for psychopathology and offspring brain structure in 9-10-year-olds are modest, and relationships that do exist tend to implicate the amygdala and striatal regions and are moderated by a comorbid parental psychopathology history. Several methodological factors, including controlling for intracranial volume and other forms of parental psychopathology and excluding child psychopathology, likely contribute to inconsistencies in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Mattoni
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Helene J Hopman
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR China
| | | | - Sandra S M Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Thomas M Olino
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Burkhouse KL, Dao A, Argiros A, Granros M, Cárdenas E, Dickey L, Feurer C, Hill K, Pegg S, Venanzi L, Kujawa A. Targeting positive valence systems function in children of mothers with depressive symptoms: A pilot randomized trial of an RDoC-Informed preventive intervention. Behav Res Ther 2023; 168:104384. [PMID: 37591042 PMCID: PMC10542884 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Reduced activation of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) positive valence systems (PVS) is observed in high-risk (HR) children of depressed mothers and predictive of future psychopathologies. We developed a dyadic, neuroscience-informed preventive intervention, Family Promoting Positive Emotions (FPPE), designed to prevent psychopathology in HR children by targeting PVS processes. We evaluated the initial efficacy of FPPE compared to written information (WI) psychoeducation in engaging PVS-related targets and reducing perceived stress and emotional distress symptoms in HR youth. Participants included 74 children ages 8-12 years and their biological mothers reporting elevated depressive symptoms. Following random assignment, 55 dyads completed FPPE (n = 29) or WI (n = 26) and pre-post assessments of child clinical symptoms. Youth completed a reinforcement learning task and 10 days of positive affect ratings to assess PVS-related targets. Results revealed a small within-subjects increase in child daily positive affect in FPPE, but not WI. Further, FPPE resulted in reductions in mother-reported child perceived stress and symptoms of anger, anxiety, and depression with medium-to-large within-subjects effects. Intervention effects on reinforcement learning and child-rated clinical symptoms were not observed. This study suggests FPPE shows promise in enhancing positive affect and reducing the emergence of clinical symptoms in HR children. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER: NCT05223842.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Burkhouse
- The Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, USA; The Ohio State University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, USA
| | - Anh Dao
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology and Human Development, USA
| | - Alexandra Argiros
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology and Human Development, USA
| | - Maria Granros
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, USA
| | - Emilia Cárdenas
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology and Human Development, USA
| | - Lindsay Dickey
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology and Human Development, USA
| | - Cope Feurer
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, USA
| | - Kaylin Hill
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology and Human Development, USA
| | - Samantha Pegg
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology and Human Development, USA
| | - Lisa Venanzi
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology and Human Development, USA
| | - Autumn Kujawa
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Psychology and Human Development, USA.
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10
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Pagliaccio D, Pizzagalli D, Auerbach R, Kirshenbaum J. Neural Sensitivity following Stress Predicts Anhedonia Symptoms: A 2-Year Multi-wave, Longitudinal Study. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3060116. [PMID: 37398118 PMCID: PMC10312918 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3060116/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Animal models of depression show that acute stress negatively impacts functioning in neural regions sensitive to reward and punishment, often manifesting as anhedonic behaviors. However, few human studies have probed stress-induced neural activation changes in relation to anhedonia, which is critical for clarifying risk for affective disorders. Participants (N = 85 , 12-14-years-old, 53 female), oversampled for risk of depression, were administered clinical assessments and completed an fMRI guessing task to probe neural response to receipt of rewards and losses. After the initial task run, participants received an acute stressor and then, were re-administered the guessing task. Including baseline, participants provided up to 10 self-report assessments of life stress and symptoms over a 2-year period. Linear mixed-effects models estimated whether change in neural activation (post- vs. pre-acute stressor) moderated the longitudinal associations between life stress and symptoms over time. Primary analyses indicated that adolescents with stress-related reductions in right ventral striatum response to rewards exhibited stronger longitudinal associations between life stress and anhedonia severity p F D R = . 048 . Secondary analyses showed that longitudinal associations among life stress and depression severity were moderated by stress-related increases in dorsal striatum response to rewards p F D R < . 002 . Additionally, longitudinal associations among life stress and anxiety severity were moderated by stress-related reductions in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and right anterior insula response to loss p F D R ≤ . 012 . All results held when adjusting for comorbid symptoms. Results show convergence with animal models, highlighting mechanisms that may facilitate stress-induced anhedonia as well as a separable pathway for the emergence of depressive and anxiety symptoms.
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11
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Li G, Li Y, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Li B, Hao D, Yang L, Yang Y, Li X, Li CSR. Sex differences in externalizing and internalizing traits and ventral striatal responses to monetary loss. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 162:11-20. [PMID: 37062201 PMCID: PMC10225357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Ventral striatum (VS) processes rewarding and punishing stimuli. Women and men vary in externalizing and internalizing traits, which may influence neural responses to reward and punishment. To investigate sex differences in how individual traits influence VS responses to reward and punishment, we curated the data of the Human Connectome Project and identified 981 (473 men) subjects evaluated by the Achenbach Adult Self-Report Syndrome Scales. We processed the imaging data with published routines and extracted VS response (β) to win and to loss vs. baseline in a gambling task for correlation with externalizing and internalizing symptom severity. Men vs. women showed more severe externalizing symptoms and higher VS response to monetary losses (VS-loss β) but not to wins. Men but not women showed a significant, positive correlation between VS-loss β and externalizing traits, and the sex difference was confirmed by a slope test. The correlations of VS-loss vs. externalizing and of VS-win vs. externalizing and those of VS-loss vs. externalizing and of VS-loss vs. internalizing traits both differed significantly in slope, confirming its specificity, in men. Further, the sex-specific relationship between VS-loss β and externalizing trait did not extend to activities during exposure to negative emotion in the face matching task. To conclude, VS responses to loss but not to win and their correlation with externalizing rather than internalizing symptom severity showed sex differences in young adults. The findings highlight the relationship of externalizing traits and VS response to monetary loss and may have implications for psychological models of externalizing behaviors in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China; Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Transformation, Beijing, China.
| | - Yashuang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bao Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Hao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China; Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Transformation, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China; Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Transformation, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China; Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Transformation, Beijing, China
| | - Xuwen Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China; Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Intelligent Physiological Measurement and Clinical Transformation, Beijing, China
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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12
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Burkhouse KL, Kujawa A. Annual Research Review: Emotion processing in offspring of mothers with depression diagnoses - a systematic review of neural and physiological research. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:583-607. [PMID: 36511171 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theories of the intergenerational transmission of depression emphasize alterations in emotion processing among offspring of depressed mothers as a key risk mechanism, raising questions about biological processes contributing to these alterations. The objective of this systematic annual research review was to examine and integrate studies of the associations between maternal depression diagnoses and offspring's emotion processing from birth through adolescence across biological measures including autonomic psychophysiology, electroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG), event-related potentials (ERP), and structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 standards. A systematic search was conducted in PsycInfo and PubMed in 2022 for studies that included, 1) mothers with and without DSM-defined depressive disorders assessed via a clinical or diagnostic interview, and 2) measures of offspring emotion processing assessed at the psychophysiological or neural level between birth and 18 years of age. RESULTS Findings from 64 studies indicated that young offspring of mothers with depression histories exhibit heightened corticolimbic activation to negative emotional stimuli, reduced left frontal brain activation, and reduced ERP and mesocorticolimbic responses to reward cues compared to offspring of never-depressed mothers. Further, activation of resting-state networks involved in affective processing differentiate offspring of depressed relative to nondepressed mothers. Some of these alterations were only apparent among youth of depressed mothers exposed to negative environmental contexts or exhibiting current emotional problems. Further, some of these patterns were observable in infancy, reflecting very early emerging vulnerabilities. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review provides evidence that maternal depression is associated with alterations in emotion processing across several biological units of analysis in offspring. We present a preliminary conceptual model of the role of deficient emotion processing in pathways from maternal depression to offspring psychopathology and discuss future research avenues addressing limitations of the existing research and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Burkhouse
- The Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Autumn Kujawa
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Harlé KM, Ho TC, Connolly CG, Simmons A, Yang TT. How Obstructed Action Efficacy Impacts Reward-based Decision-making in Adolescent Depression: An fMRI Study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023:S0890-8567(23)00130-2. [PMID: 36948392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disruption of reward seeking behavior by unforeseen obstacles can promote negative affect, including frustration and irritability, in adolescents. Repeated experiences of obstructed reward may in fact contribute to the development of depression in adolescents. However, the neurocognitive mechanisms whereby goal disruption impacts reward processing in adolescent depression have not yet been characterized. The present study addresses this gap using neuroimaging and a novel paradigm to assess how incidental action obstruction impacts reward-based decision-making. METHOD We assessed 62 unmedicated adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD; mean age=15.6, SD=1.4, 67% female participants) and 68 matched healthy control participants (mean age=15.3, SD=1.4, 50% female participants) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while they played a card game in which they had to guess between two options to earn points, in low- and high-stake conditions. Functioning of button presses through which they made decisions was intermittently blocked, thereby blocking action efficacy. RESULTS Participants with MDD made fewer button press repetitions in response to action efficacy obstruction, which was more apparent in the low-stake condition (Rate Ratio =0.85, p=0.034). During response repetition across stake conditions, MDDs exhibited higher activation in regions in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, caudate, and putamen (F(1,125)= 16.4-25.6, df=1,125; ps<0.001; Hedges' g=0.85-0.98). CONCLUSION Adolescent with depression tend to exhibit less flexible behavioral orientation in the face of blocked action efficacy, and abnormalities in neural systems critical to regulating negative affect during reward-based decision-making. This research highlights possible mechanisms relevant to understanding and treating affective dysregulation in adolescent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia M Harlé
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
| | - Tiffany C Ho
- Drs. Ho and Yang are with Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Alan Simmons
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California; University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tony T Yang
- Drs. Ho and Yang are with Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Suor JH, Granros M, Calentino AE, Luan Phan K, Burkhouse KL. The interplay of childhood maltreatment and maternal depression in relation to the reward positivity in youth. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:168-178. [PMID: 36914290 PMCID: PMC10014903 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Guided by developmental psychopathology and dual-risk frameworks, the present study examined the interplay between childhood maltreatment and maternal major depression history in relation to neural reward responsiveness in youth. The sample consisted of 96 youth (ages 9-16; M = 12.29 years, SD = 2.20; 68.8% female) drawn from a large metropolitan city. Youth were recruited based on whether their mothers had a history of major depressive disorder (MDD) and were categorized into two groups: youth with mothers with a history of MDD (high risk; HR; n = 56) and youth with mothers with no history of psychiatric disorders (low risk; LR; n = 40). The reward positivity (RewP), an event-related potential component, was utilized to measure reward responsiveness and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire measured childhood maltreatment. We found a significant two-way interaction between childhood maltreatment and risk group in relation to RewP. Simple slope analysis revealed that in the HR group, greater childhood maltreatment was significantly associated with reduced RewP. The relationship between childhood maltreatment and RewP was not significant among the LR youth. The present findings demonstrate that the association between childhood maltreatment and blunted reward responsiveness is dependent on whether offspring have mothers with histories of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Suor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maria Granros
- Department of Psychology and Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alison E Calentino
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, The Stony Brook University, Stony Book, NY, USA
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Katie L Burkhouse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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15
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Zhang X, Wang X, Dong D, Sun X, Zhong X, Xiong G, Cheng C, Lei H, Chai Y, Yu M, Quan P, Gehrman PR, Detre JA, Yao S, Rao H. Persistent Ventral Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Resolved Amygdala Hyper-responses to Negative Outcomes After Depression Remission: A Combined Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Study. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:268-278. [PMID: 36567087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent mood disorder affecting more than 300 million people worldwide. Biased processing of negative information and neural hyper-responses to negative events are hallmarks of depression. This study combined cross-sectional and longitudinal experiments to explore both persistent and resolved neural hyper-responses to negative outcomes from risky decision making in patients with current MDD (cMDD) and remitted MDD (rMDD). METHODS A total of 264 subjects participated in the cross-sectional study, including 117 patients with medication-naïve, first-episode current depression; 45 patients with rMDD with only 1 episode of depression; and 102 healthy control subjects. Participants completed a modified balloon analog risk task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. In the longitudinal arm of the study, 42 patients with cMDD were followed and 26 patients with rMDD were studied again after 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment. RESULTS Patients with cMDD showed hyper-responses to loss outcomes in multiple limbic regions including the amygdala and ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC). Amygdala but not vACC hyperactivity correlated with depression scores in patients with cMDD. Furthermore, amygdala hyperactivity resolved while vACC hyperactivity persisted in patients with rMDD in both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide consistent evidence supporting differential patterns of amygdala and vACC hyper-responses to negative outcomes during depression remission. Amygdala hyperactivity may be a symptomatic and state-dependent marker of depressive neural responses, while vACC hyperactivity may reflect a persistent and state-independent effect of depression on brain function. These findings offer new insights into the neural underpinnings of depression remission and prevention of depression recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Zhang
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; School of Educational Science, Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Daifeng Dong
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Sun
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xue Zhong
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ge Xiong
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chang Cheng
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Lei
- College of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ya Chai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Meichen Yu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Peng Quan
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Research Center for Quality of Life and Applied Psychology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Philip R Gehrman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John A Detre
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shuqiao Yao
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Hengyi Rao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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16
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Thompson B, Santopetro NJ, Brush CJ, Foti D, Hajcak G. Neural deficits in anticipatory and consummatory reward processing are uniquely associated with current depressive symptoms during adolescence. Psychophysiology 2023:e14257. [PMID: 36700249 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Deficits within the consummatory phase of reward processing are associated with increased depression symptoms and risk; however, few studies have also examined other aspects of reward processing in relation to depression. In the current study, a community sample of 121 adolescents (Mage = 13.1, Min = 11.14; Max = 15.12; 54% male) completed self-report questionnaires to assess depressive symptoms and the monetary incentive delay (MID) task while EEG was recorded. Results indicated that a reduced cue-P300 as well as a reduced reward positivity (RewP) and feedback negativity (FN) to gain and loss feedback, respectively, were associated with increased depressive symptoms; on the other hand, SPN and feedback P300 were unrelated to depressive symptoms. An exploratory multiple regression analysis revealed that a reduced money cue-P300, a reduced RewP, and a reduced (i.e., less negative) FN, all explained unique variance in depressive symptoms. The current study demonstrates that reduced cue-P300, RewP, and FN amplitudes may reflect distinct deficits in reward processing among adolescents with increased depressive symptoms. Notably, this study is one of the first to leverage the MID task in adolescents in relation to depressive symptoms, allowing for a more in-depth view of the individual differences in reward processing among adolescents with increased depressive symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney Thompson
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | | | - Christopher J Brush
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.,Department of Movement Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Dan Foti
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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Tang A, Harrewijn A, Benson B, Haller SP, Guyer AE, Perez-Edgar KE, Stringaris A, Ernst M, Brotman MA, Pine DS, Fox NA. Striatal Activity to Reward Anticipation as a Moderator of the Association Between Early Behavioral Inhibition and Changes in Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms From Adolescence to Adulthood. JAMA Psychiatry 2022; 79:1199-1208. [PMID: 36287532 PMCID: PMC9607981 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.3483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Importance The early childhood temperament of behavioral inhibition (BI), characterized by inhibited and fearful behaviors, has been associated with heightened risk for anxiety and depression across the lifespan. Although several neurocognitive correlates underlying vulnerability to the development of anxiety among inhibited children have been identified, little is known about the neurocognitive correlates underlying vulnerability to the development of depression. Objective To examine whether blunted striatal activation to reward anticipation, a well-documented neurocognitive vulnerability marker of depression, moderates the association between early BI and the developmental changes in depression and anxiety from adolescence to adulthood. Design, Setting, and Participants Participants in this prospective longitudinal study were recruited at age 4 months between 1989 and 1993 in the US. Follow-up assessments extended into 2018 (age 26 years). Data were analyzed between September 2021 to March 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures BI was measured through an observation paradigm in infancy (ages 14 and 24 months). Neural activity to anticipated rewards during a monetary incentive delay task was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging in adolescence (between ages 15-18 years; 83 individuals had usable data). Anxiety and depressive symptoms were self-reported across adolescence to young adulthood (ages 15 and 26 years; n = 108). A latent change score model, accounting for the interdependence between anxiety and depression, tested the moderating role of striatal activity to reward anticipation in the association between early BI and changes in anxiety and depressive symptoms. A region of interest approach limited statistical tests to regions within the striatum (ie, nucleus accumbens, caudate head, caudate body, putamen). Results Of 165 participants, 84 (50.1%) were female and 162 (98%) were White. Preliminary analyses revealed significant increases in anxiety and depressive symptoms across ages 15 to 26 years, as well as individual variation in the magnitude of changes. Main analyses showed that reduced activity in the nucleus accumbens to reward anticipation moderated the association between early BI and increases in depressive (β = -0.32; b = -4.23; 95% CI, -7.70 to -0.76; P = .02), and more depressive symptoms at age 26 years (β = -0.47; b = -5.09; 95% CI, -7.74 to -2.43; P < .001). However, there were no significant interactions associated with latent changes in anxiety across age nor anxiety at age 26 years. Activity in the caudate and putamen did not moderate these associations. Conclusions and Relevance Blunted reward sensitivity in the ventral striatum may be a developmental risk factor connecting an inhibited childhood temperament and depression over the transition to adulthood. Future studies should examine the efficacy of prevention programs, which target maladaptive reward processing and motivational deficits among anxious youths, in reducing risks for later depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alva Tang
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson
| | - Anita Harrewijn
- National Institutes of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Brenda Benson
- National Institutes of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Simone P. Haller
- National Institutes of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amanda E. Guyer
- Department of Human Ecology and Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis
| | | | - Argyris Stringaris
- Department of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Monique Ernst
- National Institutes of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Melissa A. Brotman
- National Institutes of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel. S. Pine
- National Institutes of Mental Health, Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nathan A. Fox
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park
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Structural and Functional Brain Alterations in Populations with Familial Risk for Depression: A Narrative Review. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2022; 30:327-349. [PMID: 36534836 DOI: 10.1097/hrp.0000000000000350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completing this activity, practitioners will be better able to:• Discuss the association between brain alterations and vulnerability or resilience to MDD in people with familial risk• Define how structural and functional brain alterations associated with vulnerability or resilience could lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of MDD. AIM Familial history is associated with an increased risk for major depressive disorder (MDD). Despite the increased risk, some members of the familial high-risk population remain healthy, that is, resilient. Defining the structural and functional brain alterations associated with vulnerability or resilience could lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of MDD. This study aimed to review the current literature and discuss the association between brain alterations and vulnerability or resilience to MDD in people with familial risk. METHODS A literature search on MRI studies investigating structural and functional alterations in populations at familial risk for MDD was performed using the PubMed and SCOPUS databases. The search was conducted through June 13, 2022. RESULTS We reviewed and summarized the data of 72 articles (25 structural MRI, 35 functional MRI, 10 resting-state fMRI, one structural/functional MRI combined, and one structural/functional/resting-state fMRI combined). These findings suggested that resilience in high-risk individuals is related to the amygdala structure, frontal lobe activity, and functional connectivity between the amygdala and multiple frontal regions. CONCLUSION Resilient and vulnerable individuals exhibit structural and functional differences in multiple frontal and limbic regions. However, further systematic longitudinal research incorporating environmental factors is required to validate the current findings.
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Family History of Depression and Neural Reward Sensitivity: Findings From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022:S2451-9022(22)00244-0. [PMID: 36797123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have found that offspring of depressed parents exhibit reduced striatal reward response to anticipating and receiving rewards, suggesting that this may constitute a neurobiological risk marker for depression. The present study aimed to assess whether maternal and paternal depression history have independent effects on offspring reward processing and whether greater family history density of depression is associated with increased blunting of striatal reward responses. METHODS Data from the baseline visit of the ABCD (Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development) Study were used. After exclusion criteria, 7233 9- and 10-year-old children (49% female) were included in analyses. Neural responses to reward anticipation and receipt in the monetary incentive delay task were examined in 6 striatal regions of interest. Using mixed-effects models, we evaluated the effect of maternal or paternal depression history on striatal reward response. We also evaluated the effect of family history density on reward response. RESULTS Across all 6 striatal regions of interest, neither maternal nor paternal depression significantly predicted blunted response to reward anticipation or feedback. Contrary to hypotheses, paternal depression history was associated with increased response in the left caudate during anticipation, and maternal depression history was associated with increased response in the left putamen during feedback. Family history density was not associated with striatal reward response. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that family history of depression is not strongly associated with blunted striatal reward response in 9- and 10-year-old children. Factors contributing to heterogeneity across studies need to be examined in future research to reconcile these results with past findings.
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Nazarova A, Schmidt M, Cookey J, Uher R. Neural markers of familial risk for depression - A systematic review. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 58:101161. [PMID: 36242901 PMCID: PMC9557819 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural and functional brain alterations are found in adults with depression. It is not known whether these changes are a result of illness or exist prior to disorder onset. Asymptomatic offspring of parents with depression offer a unique opportunity to research neural markers of familial risk to depression and clarify the temporal sequence between brain changes and disorder onset. We conducted a systematic review to investigate whether asymptomatic offspring at high familial risk have structural and functional brain changes like those reported in adults with depression. Our literature search resulted in 44 studies on 18,645 offspring ranging from 4 weeks to 25 years old. Reduced cortical thickness and white matter integrity, and altered striatal reward processing were the most consistent findings in high-risk offspring across ages. These alterations are also present in adults with depression, suggesting the existence of neural markers of familial risk for depression. Additional studies reproducing current results, streamlining fMRI data analyses, and investigating underexplored topics (i.e intracortical myelin, gyrification, subcortical shape) may be among the next steps required to improve our understanding of neural markers indexing the vulnerability to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nazarova
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, 5909 Veterans’ Memorial Lane, Abbie J. Lane Memorial Building QEII Health Sciences Centre, B3H 2E2 Halifax, NS, Canada,Nova Scotia Health Authority, 5909 Veterans’ Memorial Lane, B3H 2E2 Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Matthias Schmidt
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, 5909 Veterans’ Memorial Lane, B3H 2E2 Halifax, NS, Canada,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Dalhousie University, Victoria Building, Office of the Department Head, Room 307, 1276 South Park Street PO BOX 9000, B3H 2Y9 Halifax NS, Canada
| | - Jacob Cookey
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, 5909 Veterans’ Memorial Lane, Abbie J. Lane Memorial Building QEII Health Sciences Centre, B3H 2E2 Halifax, NS, Canada,Nova Scotia Health Authority, 5909 Veterans’ Memorial Lane, B3H 2E2 Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Rudolf Uher
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, 5909 Veterans’ Memorial Lane, Abbie J. Lane Memorial Building QEII Health Sciences Centre, B3H 2E2 Halifax, NS, Canada,Nova Scotia Health Authority, 5909 Veterans’ Memorial Lane, B3H 2E2 Halifax, NS, Canada,Corresponding author at: Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, 5909 Veterans’ Memorial Lane, Abbie J. Lane Memorial Building QEII Health Sciences Centre, B3H 2E2 Halifax, NS, Canada.
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21
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Steinmann LA, Dohm K, Goltermann J, Richter M, Enneking V, Lippitz M, Repple J, Mauritz M, Dannlowski U, Opel N. Understanding the neurobiological basis of anhedonia in major depressive disorder - evidence for reduced neural activation during reward and loss processing. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2022; 47:E284-E292. [PMID: 35948341 PMCID: PMC9377543 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.210180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anhedonia is a key symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD). Anhedonia is associated with aberrant reward processing, but whether it might interfere similarly with the neural processing of aversive stimuli, such as monetary loss, remains unknown. We aimed to investigate potential associations between anhedonia and neural response during reward and loss processing in patients with MDD. METHODS We investigated blood-oxygen-level-dependent response in the orbitofrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, insula and basal ganglia during monetary reward and loss processing in 182 patients with MDD, using a card-guessing paradigm. We measured anhedonia with the Social and Physical Anhedonia Scale (SASPAS), and we tested for the main and interaction effects of SASPAS scores and the experimental condition (reward or loss) in a full factorial model. RESULTS We detected a negative main effect of anhedonia, as well as a significant interaction effect of anhedonia and the experimental condition, on orbitofrontal and insular neural response. Post hoc analyses revealed that the interaction was driven by a significant association between higher anhedonia scores and hypoactivation during loss processing. We observed no significant association between anhedonia and neural response during reward processing. LIMITATIONS This study had a cross-sectional design. CONCLUSION Our findings confirmed that altered neural processing in the orbitofrontal cortex and insula is a neurobiological feature of anhedonic symptomatology in people with MDD. The pronounced association between anhedonia and blunted neural response during loss processing supports a broader concept for the neurobiological basis of anhedonia. Hence, MDD with anhedonic features might be characterized by reduced neural response to external stimuli, potentially because of amotivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia A Steinmann
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Steinmann, Dohm, Goltermann, Richter, Enneking, Lippitz, Repple, Mauritz, Dannlowski, Opel); the Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital of Frankfurt/Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Repple); and the Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany (Opel).
| | - Katharina Dohm
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Steinmann, Dohm, Goltermann, Richter, Enneking, Lippitz, Repple, Mauritz, Dannlowski, Opel); the Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital of Frankfurt/Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Repple); and the Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany (Opel)
| | - Janik Goltermann
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Steinmann, Dohm, Goltermann, Richter, Enneking, Lippitz, Repple, Mauritz, Dannlowski, Opel); the Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital of Frankfurt/Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Repple); and the Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany (Opel)
| | - Maike Richter
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Steinmann, Dohm, Goltermann, Richter, Enneking, Lippitz, Repple, Mauritz, Dannlowski, Opel); the Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital of Frankfurt/Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Repple); and the Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany (Opel)
| | - Verena Enneking
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Steinmann, Dohm, Goltermann, Richter, Enneking, Lippitz, Repple, Mauritz, Dannlowski, Opel); the Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital of Frankfurt/Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Repple); and the Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany (Opel)
| | - Marcia Lippitz
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Steinmann, Dohm, Goltermann, Richter, Enneking, Lippitz, Repple, Mauritz, Dannlowski, Opel); the Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital of Frankfurt/Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Repple); and the Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany (Opel)
| | - Jonathan Repple
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Steinmann, Dohm, Goltermann, Richter, Enneking, Lippitz, Repple, Mauritz, Dannlowski, Opel); the Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital of Frankfurt/Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Repple); and the Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany (Opel)
| | - Marco Mauritz
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Steinmann, Dohm, Goltermann, Richter, Enneking, Lippitz, Repple, Mauritz, Dannlowski, Opel); the Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital of Frankfurt/Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Repple); and the Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany (Opel)
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Steinmann, Dohm, Goltermann, Richter, Enneking, Lippitz, Repple, Mauritz, Dannlowski, Opel); the Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital of Frankfurt/Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Repple); and the Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany (Opel)
| | - Nils Opel
- From the Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany (Steinmann, Dohm, Goltermann, Richter, Enneking, Lippitz, Repple, Mauritz, Dannlowski, Opel); the Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital of Frankfurt/Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (Repple); and the Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany (Opel)
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22
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Morgan JK, Eckstrand KL, Silk JS, Olino TM, Ladouceur CD, Forbes EE. Maternal Response to Positive Affect Moderates the Impact of Familial Risk for Depression on Ventral Striatal Response to Winning Reward in 6- to 8-Year-Old Children. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:824-832. [PMID: 35101605 PMCID: PMC9339024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of research has demonstrated that adolescent offspring of depressed parents show diminished responding in the ventral striatum to reward. More recent work has suggested that altered reward responding may emerge earlier than adolescence in offspring at familial risk for depression, although factors associated with neural alterations in childhood remain poorly understood. METHODS We tested whether 6- to 8-year-old children, 49% at heightened risk for depression via maternal history, showed altered neural responding to winning reward. We evaluated whether maternal socialization of positive emotion moderated the association between familial risk and child neural response to reward. Participants were 49 children 6 to 8 years of age (24 with a maternal history of recurrent or chronic depression, 25 with no maternal history of any psychiatric disorder). Children underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while completing the Doors Guessing Task, a widely used reward guessing task. Mothers reported their use of encouraging and dampening responses to child positive affect. RESULTS Findings demonstrated that children at high familial risk for depression showed lower ventral striatum responding to winning reward relative to low-risk children, but only when mothers used less encouragement or greater dampening responses to their child's positive emotion expressions. CONCLUSIONS Neural reward alterations in the ventral striatum may emerge earlier than previously thought, as early as 6 to 8 years of age, specifically in the context of maternal discouragement of child positive emotions. Clinical interventions that focus on coaching mothers on how to encourage child positive emotions may be beneficial for supporting child reward-related brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith K Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Kristen L Eckstrand
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas M Olino
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cecile D Ladouceur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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23
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Life extension factor klotho regulates behavioral responses to stress via modulation of GluN2B function in the nucleus accumbens. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1710-1720. [PMID: 35449449 PMCID: PMC9283408 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Klotho is a life extension factor that has the ability to regulate the function of GluN2B-containing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), whose dysfunction in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) underlies critical aspects of the pathophysiology of major depression. Here, we study the functional relevance of klotho in the pathogenesis of depression. A chronic social defeat stress paradigm, in which mice are categorized as either susceptible or unsusceptible based on their performance in a social interaction test, was used in this study. We found that the expression of klotho was largely decreased in the NAc of susceptible mice compared to control or unsusceptible mice. Genetic knockdown of klotho in the NAc induced behavioral alterations relevant to depression in naive mice, while overexpression of klotho produced an antidepressive effect in normal mice and ameliorated the behavioral responses to stress in susceptible mice. Molecularly, knockdown of klotho in the NAc resulted in selective decreases in total and synaptic GluN2B expression that were identical to those in susceptible mice. Elevation of klotho in the NAc reversed the reductions in GluN2B expressions and altered synaptic transmission and spine density in the NAc of susceptible mice. Furthermore, blockade of GluN2B with a specific antagonist abolished the beneficial effects of klotho elevation in susceptible mice. Collectively, we demonstrated that klotho in the NAc modulates behavioral responses to stress by regulating the function of GluN2B-containing NMDARs. These results reveal a novel role for klotho in the pathogenesis of depression, providing new insights into the molecular basis of major depression.
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24
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Morris LS, Grehl MM, Rutter SB, Mehta M, Westwater ML. On what motivates us: a detailed review of intrinsic v. extrinsic motivation. Psychol Med 2022; 52:1801-1816. [PMID: 35796023 PMCID: PMC9340849 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722001611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Motivational processes underlie behaviors that enrich the human experience, and impairments in motivation are commonly observed in psychiatric illness. While motivated behavior is often examined with respect to extrinsic reinforcers, not all actions are driven by reactions to external stimuli; some are driven by 'intrinsic' motivation. Intrinsically motivated behaviors are computationally similar to extrinsically motivated behaviors, in that they strive to maximize reward value and minimize punishment. However, our understanding of the neurocognitive mechanisms that underlie intrinsically motivated behavior remains limited. Dysfunction in intrinsic motivation represents an important trans-diagnostic facet of psychiatric symptomology, but due to a lack of clear consensus, the contribution of intrinsic motivation to psychopathology remains poorly understood. This review aims to provide an overview of the conceptualization, measurement, and neurobiology of intrinsic motivation, providing a framework for understanding its potential contributions to psychopathology and its treatment. Distinctions between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are discussed, including divergence in the types of associated rewards or outcomes that drive behavioral action and choice. A useful framework for understanding intrinsic motivation, and thus separating it from extrinsic motivation, is developed and suggestions for optimization of paradigms to measure intrinsic motivation are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel S. Morris
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Mora M. Grehl
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA
| | - Sarah B. Rutter
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Marishka Mehta
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Margaret L. Westwater
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
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25
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Sheoran H, Srivastava P. Self-Reported Depression Is Associated With Aberration in Emotional Reactivity and Emotional Concept Coding. Front Psychol 2022; 13:814234. [PMID: 35814123 PMCID: PMC9267768 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.814234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment, alterations in mood, emotion dysregulation are just a few of the consequences of depression. Despite depression being reported as the most common mental disorder worldwide, examining depression or risks of depression is still challenging. Emotional reactivity has been observed to predict the risk of depression, but the results have been mixed for negative emotional reactivity (NER). To better understand the emotional response conflict, we asked our participants to describe their feeling in meaningful sentences alongside reporting their reactions to the emotionally evocative words. We presented a word on the screen and asked participants to perform two tasks, rate their feeling after reading the word using the self-assessment manikin (SAM) scale, and describe their feeling using the property generation task. The emotional content was analyzed using a novel machine-learning algorithm approach. We performed these two tasks in blocks and randomized their order across participants. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to categorize participants into self-reported non-depressed (ND) and depressed (D) groups. Compared to the ND, the D group reported reduced positive emotional reactivity when presented with extremely pleasant words regardless of their arousal levels. However, no significant difference was observed between the D and ND groups for negative emotional reactivity. In contrast, we observed increased sadness and inclination toward low negative context from descriptive content by the D compared to the ND group. The positive content analyses showed mixed results. The contrasting results between the emotional reactivity and emotional content analyses demand further examination between cohorts of self-reported depressive symptoms, no-symptoms, and MDD patients to better examine the risks of depression and help design early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priyanka Srivastava
- Perception and Cognition Research Group, Cognitive Science Lab, Kohli Center on Intelligent Systems, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, India
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26
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Hennefield L, Gilbert K, Whalen D, Giorio C, Quiñones Camacho LE, Kelly D, Fleuchaus E, Barch DM, Luby JL, Hajcak G. The reward positivity shows increased amplitude and decreased latency with increasing age in early childhood. Dev Sci 2022; 25:e13196. [PMID: 34802176 PMCID: PMC9012693 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The reward positivity (RewP) is a widely studied measure of neural response to rewards, yet little is known about normative developmental characteristics of the RewP during early childhood. The present study utilized a pooled community sample of 309 4- to 6-year-old children who participated in the Doors guessing game to examine the latency and amplitude of the RewP. Peak detection of the gain-loss difference waveform was conducted for electrodes Fz, Cz, Pz, Oz and the mean activity in a 100 ms window centered around this peak was analyzed. There was a significant decrease in RewP latency (RewP was earlier) and increase in RewP amplitude (RewP magnitude was larger) with advancing age in this cross-sectional analysis. Further, these were independent effects, as both RewP latency and RewP amplitude were uniquely associated with children's age. Moreover, our results indicate that the RewP latency in 4- to 6-year-olds falls outside the 250-350 ms window typically used to quantify the RewP (RewP latency in our sample = 381 ms; SD = 60.15). The internal consistency for latency (.64) and amplitude (.27) of the RewP were characterized by moderate to low reliability, consistent with previous work on the reliability of difference scores. Overall, results demonstrate RewP differences in both timing and amplitude across age in early childhood, and suggest that both amplitude and latency of the RewP might function as individual difference measures of reward processing. These findings are discussed in the context of methodological considerations and the development of reward processing across early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hennefield
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kirsten Gilbert
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Diana Whalen
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Cristal Giorio
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Danielle Kelly
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ethan Fleuchaus
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joan L. Luby
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
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27
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Nimarko AF, Gorelik AJ, Carta KE, Gorelik MG, Singh MK. Neural correlates of reward processing distinguish healthy youth at familial risk for bipolar disorder from youth at familial risk for major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:31. [PMID: 35075136 PMCID: PMC8786954 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01800-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Youth at familial risk for bipolar disorder (BD-risk) and major depressive disorder (MDD-risk) have aberrant reward processing, a core feature of these mood disorders. Whether BD risk differentiates from MDD risk in reward processing merits further study. We compared neural activation and connectivity during anticipation and outcome of monetary gain and loss during fMRI using the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) Task among BD-risk (n = 40), MDD-risk (n = 41), and healthy comparison youth (HC) (n = 45), in the absence of any lifetime or current history of psychopathology [mean age 13.09 ± 2.58, 56.3% female]. Participants completed the MID task at baseline and were followed for behavioral and clinical outcomes over 4.37 ± 2.29 years. Region-of-interest (ROI) analyses conducted using anatomically defined thalamus, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and putamen seeds showed that relative to MDD-risk and HC, BD-risk had decreased activation of the thalamus during anticipation of monetary gain [F(2,118) = 4.64, p = 0.01 (FDR-corrected p = 0.04)]. Psychophysiological interaction analyses revealed that BD-risk had less connectivity between the thalamus and left middle frontal gyrus (Z > 3.1, p < 0.001) and left-superior temporal gyrus (Z > 3.1, p < 0.05) compared with MDD-risk. Voxelwise, BD-risk had decreased activation in the cerebellum during anticipation and outcome of monetary gain relative to MDD-risk and HC (Z > 3.1, p < 0.001; Z > 3.1, p < 0.01). In BD-risk, decreased thalamic connectivity was associated with increased impulsivity at baseline and reduced prosocial behavior at follow-up. Reduced thalamic activation and connectivity during reward processing may distinguish familial risk for BD from familial risk for MDD and represent early markers of vulnerability that may herald social dysfunction later in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akua F. Nimarko
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA United States
| | - Aaron J. Gorelik
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA United States
| | - Kayla E. Carta
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA United States
| | - Mark G. Gorelik
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091University of Florida, Gainesville, FL United States
| | - Manpreet K. Singh
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA United States
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28
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Willinger D, Karipidis II, Neuer S, Emery S, Rauch C, Häberling I, Berger G, Walitza S, Brem S. Maladaptive Avoidance Learning in the Orbitofrontal Cortex in Adolescents With Major Depression. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2021; 7:293-301. [PMID: 34144217 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the mechanisms in the brain's incentive network that give rise to symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) during adolescence provides new perspectives to address MDD in early stages of development. This functional magnetic resonance imaging study determines whether instrumental vigor and brain responses to appetitive and aversive monetary incentives are altered in adolescent MDD and associated with symptom severity. METHODS Adolescents with moderate to severe MDD (n = 30, mean age [SD] = 16.1 [1.4] years) and healthy control subjects (n = 33, mean age = 16.2 [1.9] years) matched for age, sex, and IQ performed a monetary incentive delay task. During outcome presentation, prediction error signals were used to study the response and coupling of the incentive network during learning of cue-outcome associations. A computational reinforcement model was used to assess adaptation of response vigor. Brain responses and effective connectivity to model-derived prediction errors were assessed and related to depression severity and anhedonia levels. RESULTS Participants with MDD behaved according to a more simplistic learning model and exhibited slower learning. Effective connectivity analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging data revealed that impaired loss error processing in the orbitofrontal cortex was associated with aberrant gain control. Anhedonia scores correlated with loss-related error signals in the posterior insula and habenula. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent MDD is selectively related to impaired processing of error signals during loss, but not reward, in the orbitofrontal cortex. Aberrant evaluation of loss outcomes might reflect an early mechanism of how negative bias and helplessness manifest in the brain. This approach sheds light on pathomechanisms in MDD and may improve early diagnosis and treatment selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Willinger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Iliana I Karipidis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Selina Neuer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Emery
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Rauch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Häberling
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Berger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Brem
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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29
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Grimm O, van Rooij D, Hoogman M, Klein M, Buitelaar J, Franke B, Reif A, Plichta MM. Transdiagnostic neuroimaging of reward system phenotypes in ADHD and comorbid disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:165-181. [PMID: 34144113 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
ADHD is a disorder characterized by changes in the reward system and which is highly comorbid with other mental disorders, suggesting common neurobiological pathways. Transdiagnostic neuroimaging findings could help to understand whether a dysregulated reward pathway might be the actual link between ADHD and its comorbidities. We here synthesize ADHD neuroimaging findings on the reward system with findings in obesity, depression, and substance use disorder including their comorbid appearance regarding neuroanatomical features (structural MRI) and activation patterns (resting-state and functional MRI). We focus on findings from monetary-incentive-delay (MID) and delay-discounting (DD) tasks and then review data on striatal connectivity and volumetry. Next, for better understanding of comorbidity in adult ADHD, we discuss these neuroimaging features in ADHD, obesity, depression and substance use disorder and ask whether ADHD heterogeneity and comorbidity are reflected by a common dysregulation in the reward system. Finally, we highlight conceptual issues related to heterogeneous paradigms, different phenotyping, longitudinal prediction and highlight some promising future directions for using striatal reward functioning as a clinical biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Grimm
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Daan van Rooij
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, CNS Department, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, CNS Department, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Klein
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, CNS Department, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jan Buitelaar
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, CNS Department, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, CNS Department, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael M Plichta
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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30
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Baranger DAA, Lindenmuth M, Nance M, Guyer AE, Keenan K, Hipwell AE, Shaw DS, Forbes EE. The longitudinal stability of fMRI activation during reward processing in adolescents and young adults. Neuroimage 2021; 232:117872. [PMID: 33609668 PMCID: PMC8238413 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of functional neuroimaging has been an extremely fruitful avenue for investigating the neural basis of human reward function. This approach has included identification of potential neurobiological mechanisms of psychiatric disease and examination of environmental, experiential, and biological factors that may contribute to disease risk via effects on the reward system. However, a central and largely unexamined assumption of much of this research is that neural reward function is an individual difference characteristic that is relatively stable and trait-like over time. METHODS In two independent samples of adolescents and young adults studied longitudinally (Ns = 145 & 139, 100% female and 100% male, ages 15-21 and 20-22, 2-4 scans and 2 scans respectively), we tested within-person stability of reward-task BOLD activation, with a median of 1 and 2 years between scans. We examined multiple commonly used contrasts of active states and baseline in both the anticipation and feedback phases of a card-guessing reward task. We examined the effects of cortical parcellation resolution, contrast, network (reward regions and resting-state networks), region-size, and activation strength and variability on the stability of reward-related activation. RESULTS In both samples, contrasts of an active state relative to a baseline were more stable (ICC: intra-class correlation; e.g., Win>Baseline; mean ICC = 0.13 - 0.33) than contrasts of two active states (e.g., Win>Loss; mean ICC = 0.048 - 0.05). Additionally, activation in reward regions was less stable than in many non-task networks (e.g., dorsal attention), and activation in regions with greater between-subject variability showed higher stability in both samples. CONCLUSIONS These results show that some contrasts from functional neuroimaging activation during a card guessing reward task have partially trait-like properties in adolescent and young adult samples over 1-2 years. Notably, results suggest that contrasts intended to map cognitive function and show robust group-level effects (i.e. Win > Loss) may be less effective in studies of individual differences and disease risk. The robustness of group-level activation should be weighed against other factors when selecting regions of interest in individual difference fMRI studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A A Baranger
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 121 Meyran Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
| | - Morgan Lindenmuth
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 121 Meyran Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Melissa Nance
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 121 Meyran Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Amanda E Guyer
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States; Department of Human Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kate Keenan
- University of Chicago, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Alison E Hipwell
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 121 Meyran Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Daniel S Shaw
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Erika E Forbes
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 121 Meyran Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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31
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Tepfer LJ, Alloy LB, Smith DV. Family history of depression is associated with alterations in task-dependent connectivity between the cerebellum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Depress Anxiety 2021; 38:508-520. [PMID: 33666313 PMCID: PMC8085134 DOI: 10.1002/da.23143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A family history of major depressive disorder (MDD) increases the likelihood of a future depressive episode, which itself poses a significant risk for disruptions in reward processing and social cognition. However, it is unclear whether a family history of MDD is associated with alterations in the neural circuitry underlying reward processing and social cognition. METHODS We subdivided 279 participants from the Human Connectome Project into three groups: 71 with a lifetime history of MDD, 103 with a family history (FH) of MDD, and 105 healthy controls (HCs). We then evaluated task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging data on a social cognition and a reward processing task and found a region of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) that responded to both tasks, independent of the group. To investigate whether the vmPFC shows alterations in functional connectivity between groups, we conducted psychophysiological interaction analyses using the vmPFC as a seed region. RESULTS We found that FH (relative to HC) was associated with increased sadness scores, and MDD (relative to both FH and HC) was associated with increased sadness and MDD symptoms. Additionally, the FH group had increased vmPFC functional connectivity within the nucleus accumbens, left dorsolateral PFC, and subregions of the cerebellum relative to HC during the social cognition task. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that aberrant neural mechanisms among those with a familial risk of MDD may underlie vulnerability to altered social cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David V. Smith
- Corresponding Author: David V. Smith, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall, Room 825, 1701 North 13th Street Philadelphia, PA 19122, Office Phone: 215-204-1552,
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A Social Affective Neuroscience Model of Risk and Resilience in Adolescent Depression: Preliminary Evidence and Application to Sexual and Gender Minority Adolescents. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2021; 6:188-199. [PMID: 33097468 PMCID: PMC9912296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a disorder of dysregulated affective and social functioning, with attenuated response to reward, heightened response to threat (perhaps especially social threat), excessive focus on negative aspects of the self, ineffective engagement with other people, and difficulty modulating all of these responses. Known risk factors provide a starting point for a model of developmental pathways to resilience, and we propose that the interplay of social threat experiences and neural social-affective systems is critical to those pathways. We describe a model of risk and resilience, review supporting evidence, and apply the model to sexual and gender minority adolescents, a population with high disparities in depression and unique social risk factors. This approach illustrates the fundamental role of a socially and developmentally informed clinical neuroscience model for understanding a population disproportionately affected by risk factors and psychopathology outcomes. We consider it a public health imperative to apply conceptual models to high-need populations to elucidate targets for effective interventions to promote healthy development and enhance resilience.
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Bylsma LM. Emotion context insensitivity in depression: Toward an integrated and contextualized approach. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13715. [PMID: 33274773 PMCID: PMC8097691 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by pervasive mood disturbance as well as deficits in emotional processing, reactivity, and regulation. There is accumulating evidence that MDD is characterized by emotional patterns consistent with environmental disengagement, as reflected in attenuated positive and negative emotional reactivity, consistent with Emotion Context Insensitivity (ECI) theory. However, MDD individuals vary considerably in the extent to which they exhibit specific alterations in patterns of emotional responding. Emotions are complex, multicomponent processes that invoke responses across multiple functional domains and levels of analysis, including subjective experience, behavior, autonomic regulation, cognition, and neural processing. In this article, I review the current state of the literature on emotional responding and MDD from the lens of ECI. I focus on the importance of assessing emotional indices from multiple levels of analysis across development and contexts. I also discuss methodological and measurement issues that may contribute to inconsistent findings. In particular, I emphasize how psychophysiological measures can help elucidate emotional processes that underlie the pathophysiology of MDD as part of an integrated and contextualized approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Bylsma
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Pegg S, Jeong HJ, Foti D, Kujawa A. Differentiating stages of reward responsiveness: Neurophysiological measures and associations with facets of the behavioral activation system. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13764. [PMID: 33438278 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) positive valence systems domain include multiple aspects of reward responsiveness with potential to elucidate the understanding of motivational and hedonic deficits in psychological disorders. There is a need for reliable and valid methods to delineate behavioral and biological processes underlying stages of reward responsiveness. Event-related potentials (ERPs) offer a promising method for examining the temporal dynamics of reward processing, but the literature has mainly focused on the feedback stage and often single components. We investigated the electrophysiological aspects of reward anticipation and initial response to reward using an ERP monetary incentive delay task in 114 emerging adults. Principal component analysis was used to derive temporally and spatially distinct ERP components sensitive to reward processing. Components that reflect initial engagement toward a cue indicating potential reward (cue-P3) and anticipation of possible reward feedback (stimulus-preceding negativity; SPN) emerged in the anticipatory stage. In the initial response to reward stage, a reward positivity (RewP) was found. We further tested the association between ERPs and self-reported facets of the behavioral activation system. Greater self-reported reward responsiveness was associated with heightened response in the anticipatory stage (i.e., cue-P3, SPN). Self-reported drive was positively associated with RewP, but fun-seeking was negatively associated with RewP. Additional components were observed beyond those identified in prior work, warranting future research on temporal dynamics of reward processing across stages. Furthermore, examination of a broader range of reward-related ERPs in clinical populations has the potential to more precisely characterize alterations in positive valence systems in psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Pegg
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hee Jung Jeong
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dan Foti
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Autumn Kujawa
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Barch DM, Whalen D, Gilbert K, Kelly D, Kappenman ES, Hajcak G, Luby JL. Neural Indicators of Anhedonia: Predictors and Mechanisms of Treatment Change in a Randomized Clinical Trial in Early Childhood Depression. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:879-887. [PMID: 33153527 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood depression is associated with anhedonia and reduced event-related potential (ERP) responses to rewarding or pleasant stimuli. Whether these neural measures are indicators of target engagement or treatment outcome is not yet known. METHODS We measured ERP responses to win and loss feedback in a guessing task and to pleasant versus neutral pictures in young (4.0-6.9 years of age) depressed children before and after randomization to either 18 weeks of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy-Emotion Development (PCIT-ED) or waitlist. RESULTS Analyses included reward positivity (RewP) data from 118 children randomly assigned to PCIT-ED (n = 60) or waitlist (n = 58) at baseline and late positive potential (LPP) data from 99 children (44 assigned to PCIT-ED vs. 55 assigned to waitlist) at baseline. Children undergoing PCIT-ED showed a greater reduction in anhedonia (F1,103 = 10.32, p = .002, partial η2 = .09). RewP reward responses increased more (F1,86 = 5.98, p = .02, partial η2 = .07) for PCIT-ED, but a greater change in RewP was not significantly associated with a greater reduction in major depressive disorder symptoms (r = -.12, p > .4). Baseline RewP did not predict treatment change. LPPs to positive pictures did not change across treatment, but greater baseline LPPs to positive pictures predicted a higher likelihood of remission from major depressive disorder in children undergoing PCIT-ED (B = 0.14; SE = 0.07; odds ratio = 1.15; p = .03). CONCLUSIONS The ERP reward response improved in young children with depression during a treatment designed to enhance emotion development, providing evidence of target engagement of the neural systems associated with reward. Further, greater baseline LPP responses to positive pictures was associated with a greater likelihood of depression remission, suggesting that this ERP measure can predict which children are most likely to respond to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Diana Whalen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kirsten Gilbert
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Danielle Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Emily S Kappenman
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Biomedical Science and Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Joan L Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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Reward Functioning Abnormalities in Adolescents at High Familial Risk for Depressive Disorders. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 6:270-279. [PMID: 33160881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A parental history of major depressive disorder (MDD) is an established risk factor for MDD in youth, and clarifying the mechanisms related to familial risk transmission is critical. Aberrant reward processing is a promising biomarker of MDD risk; accordingly, the aim of this study was to test behavioral measures of reward responsiveness and underlying frontostriatal resting activity in healthy adolescents both with (high-risk) and without (low-risk) a maternal history of MDD. METHODS Low-risk and high-risk 12- to 14-year-old adolescents completed a probabilistic reward task (n = 74 low-risk, n = 27 high-risk) and a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan (n = 61 low-risk, n = 25 high-risk). Group differences in response bias toward reward and resting ventral striatal and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFFs) were examined. Computational modeling was applied to dissociate reward sensitivity from learning rate. RESULTS High-risk adolescents showed a blunted response bias compared with low-risk adolescents. Computational modeling analyses revealed that relative to low-risk adolescents, high-risk adolescents exhibited reduced reward sensitivity but similar learning rate. Although there were no group differences in ventral striatal and mPFC fALFFs, groups differed in their relationships between mPFC fALFFs and response bias. Specifically, among high-risk adolescents, higher mPFC fALFFs correlated with a blunted response bias, whereas there was no fALFFs-response bias relationship among low-risk youths. CONCLUSIONS High-risk adolescents exhibit reward functioning impairments, which are associated with mPFC fALFFs. The blunted response bias-mPFC fALFFs association may reflect an excessive mPFC-mediated suppression of reward-driven behavior, which may potentiate MDD risk.
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Rappaport BI, Kandala S, Luby JL, Barch DM. Brain Reward System Dysfunction in Adolescence: Current, Cumulative, and Developmental Periods of Depression. Am J Psychiatry 2020; 177:754-763. [PMID: 32252540 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19030281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reward system dysfunction is a well-known correlate and predictor of depression in adults and adolescents, with depressed individuals showing blunted (hyporeactive) striatal response to monetary rewards. Furthermore, studies of remitted depression suggest network-wide hyporeactivity of striatal (caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens) and cortical (insula, anterior cingulate cortex [ACC]) regions even in the absence of current symptoms. Thus, it remains unclear which patterns of hyporeactivity represent a trait-like indicator of depression and which represent a current depressed state. The authors examined the relationships between regions of a cortico-striatal circuit supporting reward processing and both current depression and cumulative depression history. METHODS Using a functional MRI monetary reward task, the authors measured brain response to monetary gains and losses in a longitudinal sample of adolescents (N=131) who had been annually assessed for psychiatric symptoms since ages 3-5 years. RESULTS Current depression severity was associated with hyporeactivity exclusively in the nucleus accumbens in response to the anticipation of a reward, while cumulative depression severity was associated with blunted response to anticipation across a cortico-striatal circuit (striatum, ACC, insula). Follow-up analyses investigating the effects of depression on reward processing at different developmental stages revealed a similar pattern: recent depression severity during adolescence was associated with more focal hyporeactivity in the nucleus accumbens, while depression severity during early childhood (i.e., preschool) was associated with more global hyporeactivity across the cortico-striatal circuit. CONCLUSIONS The study findings indicate important distinctions between disruptions in reward system neural circuitry associated with a history of depression (particularly early-onset depression) and current depression. These results have implications for understanding the etiology and treatment of reward processing deficits in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent I Rappaport
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences (Rappaport, Barch), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Mo.; and Department of Psychiatry (Kandala, Luby, Barch) and Department of Radiology (Barch), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo
| | - Sridhar Kandala
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences (Rappaport, Barch), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Mo.; and Department of Psychiatry (Kandala, Luby, Barch) and Department of Radiology (Barch), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo
| | - Joan L Luby
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences (Rappaport, Barch), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Mo.; and Department of Psychiatry (Kandala, Luby, Barch) and Department of Radiology (Barch), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences (Rappaport, Barch), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Mo.; and Department of Psychiatry (Kandala, Luby, Barch) and Department of Radiology (Barch), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo
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Goldstein BL, Kessel EM, Kujawa A, Finsaas MC, Davila J, Hajcak G, Klein DN. Stressful life events moderate the effect of neural reward responsiveness in childhood on depressive symptoms in adolescence. Psychol Med 2020; 50:1548-1555. [PMID: 31274066 PMCID: PMC8101023 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719001557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reward processing deficits have been implicated in the etiology of depression. A blunted reward positivity (RewP), an event-related potential elicited by feedback to monetary gain relative to loss, predicts new onsets and increases in depression symptoms. Etiological models of depression also highlight stressful life events. However, no studies have examined whether stressful life events moderate the effect of the RewP on subsequent depression symptoms. We examined this question during the key developmental transition from childhood to adolescence. METHODS A community sample of 369 children (mean age of 9) completed a self-report measure of depression symptoms. The RewP to winning v. losing was elicited using a monetary reward task. Three years later, we assessed stressful life events occurring in the year prior to the follow-up. Youth depressive symptoms were rated by the children and their parents at baseline and follow-up. RESULTS Stressful life events moderated the effect of the RewP on depression symptoms at follow-up such that a blunted RewP predicted higher depression symptoms in individuals with higher levels of stressful life events. This effect was also evident when events that were independent of the youth's behavior were examined separately. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the RewP reflects a vulnerability for depression that is activated by stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen M. Kessel
- Department of Psychology - Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Autumn Kujawa
- Department of Psychology and Human Development - Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Megan C. Finsaas
- Department of Psychology - Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Joanne Davila
- Department of Psychology - Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology - Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Daniel N. Klein
- Department of Psychology - Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
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Boland EM, Goldschmied JR, Wakschal E, Nusslock R, Gehrman PR. An Integrated Sleep and Reward Processing Model of Major Depressive Disorder. Behav Ther 2020; 51:572-587. [PMID: 32586431 PMCID: PMC7321921 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder with comorbid sleep disturbance has been associated with negative outcomes, including lower rates of treatment response and a greater likelihood of depressive relapse compared to those without sleep disturbance. However, little, if any, research has been conducted to understand why such negative treatment outcomes occur when sleep disturbance is present. In this conceptual review, we argue that the relationship of sleep disturbance and negative treatment outcomes may be mediated by alterations in neural reward processing in individuals with blunted trait-level reward responsivity. We first briefly characterize sleep disturbance in depression, discuss the nature of reward processing impairments in depression, and summarize the sleep/reward relationship in healthy human subjects. We then introduce a novel Integrated Sleep and Reward model of the course and maintenance of major depressive disorder and present preliminary evidence of sleep and reward interaction in unipolar depression. Finally, we discuss limitations of the model and offer testable hypotheses and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M Boland
- MIRECC, Cpl. Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia; Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania.
| | | | - Emily Wakschal
- MIRECC, Cpl. Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia
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Kujawa A, Klein DN, Pegg S, Weinberg A. Developmental trajectories to reduced activation of positive valence systems: A review of biological and environmental contributions. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2020; 43:100791. [PMID: 32510349 PMCID: PMC7225621 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced activation of positive valence systems (PVS), including blunted neural and physiological responses to pleasant stimuli and rewards, has been shown to prospectively predict the development of psychopathology. Yet, little is known about how reduced PVS activation emerges across development or what implications it has for prevention. We review genetic, temperament, parenting, and naturalistic and laboratory stress research on neural measures of PVS and outline developmentally-informed models of trajectories of PVS activation. PVS function is partly heritable and appears to reflect individual differences in early-emerging temperament traits. Although lab-induced stressors blunt PVS activation, effects of parenting and naturalistic stress on PVS are mixed and depend on the type of stressor, developmental timing, and interactions amongst risk factors. We propose that there may be multiple, dynamic developmental trajectories to reduced PVS activation in which combinations of genes, temperament, and exposure to severe, prolonged, or uncontrollable stress may exert direct and interactive effects on PVS function. Critically, these risk factors may alter PVS developmental trajectories and/or PVS sensitivity to proximal stressors. Distinct factors may converge such that PVS activation proceeds along a typical, accelerated, chronically low, or stress-reactive trajectory. Finally, we present directions for future research with translational implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn Kujawa
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN 37203-5721, United States.
| | - Daniel N Klein
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2500, United States.
| | - Samantha Pegg
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN 37203-5721, United States.
| | - Anna Weinberg
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1G1, Canada.
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Hubbard NA, Siless V, Frosch IR, Goncalves M, Lo N, Wang J, Bauer CCC, Conroy K, Cosby E, Hay A, Jones R, Pinaire M, Vaz De Souza F, Vergara G, Ghosh S, Henin A, Hirshfeld-Becker DR, Hofmann SG, Rosso IM, Auerbach RP, Pizzagalli DA, Yendiki A, Gabrieli JDE, Whitfield-Gabrieli S. Brain function and clinical characterization in the Boston adolescent neuroimaging of depression and anxiety study. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 27:102240. [PMID: 32361633 PMCID: PMC7199015 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a Human Connectome Project study tailored toward adolescent anxiety and depression. This study is one of the first studies of the Connectomes Related to Human Diseases initiative and is collecting structural, functional, and diffusion-weighted brain imaging data from up to 225 adolescents (ages 14-17 years), 150 of whom are expected to have a current diagnosis of an anxiety and/or depressive disorder. Comprehensive clinical and neuropsychological evaluations and longitudinal clinical data are also being collected. This article provides an overview of task functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) protocols and preliminary findings (N = 140), as well as clinical and neuropsychological characterization of adolescents. Data collection is ongoing for an additional 85 adolescents, most of whom are expected to have a diagnosis of an anxiety and/or depressive disorder. Data from the first 140 adolescents are projected for public release through the National Institutes of Health Data Archive (NDA) with the timing of this manuscript. All other data will be made publicly-available through the NDA at regularly scheduled intervals. This article is intended to serve as an introduction to this project as well as a reference for those seeking to clinical, neurocognitive, and task fMRI data from this public resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Hubbard
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - V Siless
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - I R Frosch
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - M Goncalves
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - N Lo
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - J Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - C C C Bauer
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - K Conroy
- Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - E Cosby
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - A Hay
- Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - R Jones
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - M Pinaire
- Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - F Vaz De Souza
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - G Vergara
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - S Ghosh
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - A Henin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - D R Hirshfeld-Becker
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - S G Hofmann
- Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - I M Rosso
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - R P Auerbach
- Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - D A Pizzagalli
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States
| | - A Yendiki
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - J D E Gabrieli
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - S Whitfield-Gabrieli
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States.
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Morgan JK, Silk JS, Woods BK, Forbes EE. Differential neural responding to affective stimuli in 6- to 8-year old children at high familial risk for depression: Associations with behavioral reward seeking. J Affect Disord 2019; 257:445-453. [PMID: 31310906 PMCID: PMC6711822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children of depressed parents are at increased risk for psychopathology. One putative mechanism of risk appears to be altered processing of emotion-related stimuli. Although prior work has evaluated how adolescent offspring of depressed parents may show blunted reward processing compared to low-risk youth, there has been less attention to how young children with this familial history may differ from their peers during middle childhood, a period of critical socio-affective development METHOD: The current study evaluated 56 emotionally healthy 6-to 8-year children who were deemed at high-risk (n = 25) or low-risk (n = 31) for depression based on maternal history of depression. Children completed a behavioral reward seeking task in the laboratory and an fMRI paradigm assessing neural response to happy faces, a social reward. RESULTS Findings demonstrated that high-risk children showed blunted responding to happy faces in the dorsal striatum compared to low-risk children. Further, lower responding in the dorsal striatum and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was related to lower behavioral reward seeking, but only in high-risk children. CONCLUSION Function within neural reward regions may be altered in high-risk offspring as young as 6- to 8-years of age. Further, neural reward responding may be linked to lower behavioral response to obtain reward in these high-risk offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith K Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, United States.
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | | | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, United States
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Kircanski K, Craske MG, Averbeck BB, Pine DS, Leibenluft E, Brotman MA. Exposure therapy for pediatric irritability: Theory and potential mechanisms. Behav Res Ther 2019; 118:141-149. [PMID: 31085355 PMCID: PMC6590706 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric irritability is prevalent and impairing, yet little is known about its pathophysiology and treatment. In this article, we build on our and others' previous work to posit core mechanisms of irritability operating across the brain, behavior, and environment. Specifically, we propose proximal processes that surround the symptomatology of irritability and are potential targets for an exposure-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for irritability that our group has developed. The heart of this model focuses on neurocognitive processes: youth's encoding of nonreward and threat stimuli, which involves prediction error signaling in the brain, and cognitive control in the context of frustration. Alterations in these processes are theorized to be central to chronic, severe irritability. Environmental responses to youth's symptom expression are also examined. Exposure-based CBT for irritability utilizes controlled, in vivo exposure to nonreward and threat stimuli with the aim to engage cognitive control and target top-down regulation of frustration. This intervention integrates selected parent management training techniques to target symptom reinforcement processes. Continued pathophysiological and treatment studies of irritability will not only refine our emerging understanding of the phenotype, but also inform broader questions on the brain and behavioral mechanisms of CBT efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Kircanski
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 15K, Bethesda, MD, 20892-2670, USA.
| | - Michelle G Craske
- Department of Psychology, University of California-Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, 90025, USA
| | - Bruno B Averbeck
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, National Institute of Mental Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 49, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4415, USA
| | - Daniel S Pine
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 15K, Bethesda, MD, 20892-2670, USA
| | - Ellen Leibenluft
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 15K, Bethesda, MD, 20892-2670, USA
| | - Melissa A Brotman
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 15K, Bethesda, MD, 20892-2670, USA
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Wolke SA, Mehta MA, O'Daly O, Zelaya F, Zahreddine N, Keren H, O'Callaghan G, Young AH, Leibenluft E, Pine DS, Stringaris A. Modulation of anterior cingulate cortex reward and penalty signalling in medication-naive young-adult subjects with depressive symptoms following acute dose lurasidone. Psychol Med 2019; 49:1365-1377. [PMID: 30606271 PMCID: PMC6518385 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718003306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrations in reward and penalty processing are implicated in depression and putatively reflect altered dopamine signalling. This study exploits the advantages of a placebo-controlled design to examine how a novel D2 antagonist with adjunctive antidepressant properties modifies activity in the brain's reward network in depression. METHODS We recruited 43 medication-naïve subjects across the range of depression severity (Beck's Depression Inventory-II score range: 0-43), including healthy volunteers, as well as people meeting full-criteria for major depressive disorder. In a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over design, all subjects received either placebo or lurasidone (20 mg) across two visits separated by 1 week. Functional magnetic resonance imaging with the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task assessed reward functions via neural responses during anticipation and receipt of gains and losses. Arterial spin labelling measured cerebral blood flow (CBF) at rest. RESULTS Lurasidone altered fronto-striatal activity during anticipation and outcome phases of the MID task. A significant three-way Medication-by-Depression severity-by-Outcome interaction emerged in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) after correction for multiple comparisons. Follow-up analyses revealed significantly higher ACC activation to losses in high- v. low depression participants in the placebo condition, with a normalisation by lurasidone. This effect could not be accounted for by shifts in resting CBF. CONCLUSIONS Lurasidone acutely normalises reward processing signals in individuals with depressive symptoms. Lurasidone's antidepressant effects may arise from reducing responses to penalty outcomes in individuals with depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina A. Wolke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Mood Brain and Development Unit, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, MD, USA
| | - Mitul A. Mehta
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Owen O'Daly
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Fernando Zelaya
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nada Zahreddine
- Department of Psychiatry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hanna Keren
- Mood Brain and Development Unit, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, MD, USA
| | - Georgia O'Callaghan
- Mood Brain and Development Unit, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, MD, USA
| | - Allan H. Young
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ellen Leibenluft
- Section on Mood Dysregulation and Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, MD, USA
| | - Daniel S. Pine
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, MD, USA
| | - Argyris Stringaris
- Mood Brain and Development Unit, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, MD, USA
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Barch DM, Whalen D, Gilbert K, Kelly D, Kappenman ES, Hajcak G, Luby JL. Neural Indicators of Anhedonia: Predictors and Mechanisms of Treatment Change in a Randomized Clinical Trial in Early Childhood Depression. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:863-871. [PMID: 30583852 PMCID: PMC6499710 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood depression is associated with anhedonia and reduced event-related potential (ERP) responses to rewarding or pleasant stimuli. Whether these neural measures are indicators of target engagement or treatment outcome is not yet known. METHODS We measured ERP responses to win and loss feedback in a guessing task and to pleasant versus neutral pictures in young (4.0-6.9 years of age) depressed children before and after randomization to either 18 weeks of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy-Emotion Development (PCIT-ED) treatment or waitlist (WL) control condition. RESULTS Analyses included reward positivity (RewP) data from 118 children randomized to PCIT-ED treatment (n = 60) or WL control condition (n = 58) at baseline and late positive potential (LPP) data from 99 children (44 PCIT-ED treatment vs. 55 WL control condition) at baseline. Children in the PCIT-ED group showed a greater reduction in anhedonia (F1,103 = 10.32, p = .002, partial η2 = .09). RewP reward responses increased more (F1,87 = 5.45, p = .02, partial η2 = .06) for PCIT-ED and a greater change in RewP was associated with a greater reduction in major depressive disorder symptoms (r = -.24, p = .05). Baseline RewP did not predict treatment change. LPPs to positive pictures did not change across treatment, but greater baseline LPPs to positive pictures predicted a higher likelihood of remission from major depressive disorder in the PCIT-ED group (B = 0.14; SE = 0.07; odds ratio = 1.15; p = .03). CONCLUSIONS The ERP reward response improved in young children with depression during a treatment designed to enhance emotion development, providing evidence of target engagement of the neural systems associated with reward. Further, greater baseline LPP responses to positive pictures were associated with a greater reduction in depression, suggesting that this ERP measure can predict which children are most likely to respond to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Diana Whalen
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kirsten Gilbert
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Danielle Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Emily S Kappenman
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Biomedical Science and Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Joan L Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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46
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Connell AM, Danzo S, Magee K, Uhlman R. Children's appraisals of maternal depression and responses to emotional faces in early-adolescence: An Event Related Potential (ERP) study. J Affect Disord 2019; 250:241-248. [PMID: 30870774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental depression represents a significant risk for depression development in offspring. While cognitive mechanisms represent a central risk pathway, children's appraisals of parental symptoms have been understudied. This study examined associations between children's self-blame, threat, and frequency/duration appraisals for maternal symptoms in relation to cognitive control and emotional response processes. METHODS Sixty mother-daughter (aged 10-14-years) pairs participated. Affective processing was assessed by three Event Related Potential (ERP) components, the N2, P3, and LPP, during an emotional Go/NoGo task. RESULTS Threat-appraisals were associated with alterations in all three ERP components, independently of maternal diagnostic histories or youth depressive symptoms. Self-blame was associated with early attentional engagement towards calm faces. Independent effects of maternal depression history and youth symptoms were also observed. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the importance of youth perceptions of maternal depressive symptoms in models of depression-risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arin M Connell
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016, United States.
| | - Sarah Danzo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016, United States
| | - Kelsey Magee
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016, United States
| | - Rana Uhlman
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44016, United States
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47
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Mackin DM, Kotov R, Perlman G, Nelson BD, Goldstein BL, Hajcak G, Klein DN. Reward processing and future life stress: Stress generation pathway to depression. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 128:305-314. [PMID: 31045413 PMCID: PMC6586409 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Blunted reward sensitivity and life stress are each depressogenic. Additionally, individuals with clinical and psychosocial vulnerabilities are prone to experience or evoke dependent life stressors (e.g., interpersonal conflict) that, in turn, increase depression risk. However, no previous study has investigated the role of neural vulnerability factors in generating life stress. Therefore, the current study investigated whether a neural measure of reward sensitivity prospectively predicts the generation of life stress, which in turn mediates effects of these neural processes on subsequent depression. Participants were 467 never-depressed adolescent girls. Using event-related potentials, neural sensitivity to the difference between monetary reward and loss (the Reward Positivity [RewP]) was assessed at baseline. Negative life events were assessed twice via interview over the ensuing 18 months, yielding an index of total life stress over the follow-up period. A self-report dimensional measure of depression symptoms was administered at baseline and follow-up. After accounting for baseline age, depression, and race, a blunted RewP predicted greater dependent, but not independent, life stress over the follow-up. Mediation analyses revealed a significant indirect effect of the RewP on follow-up depression through dependent, but not independent, life stress. Our results suggest that neural processing reward and loss plays a crucial role in depressogenic stress generation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roman Kotov
- Stony Brook University, Department of Psychology
- Stony Brook University, Department of Psychiatry
| | - Greg Perlman
- Stony Brook University, Department of Psychiatry
| | | | | | - Greg Hajcak
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology
| | - Daniel N. Klein
- Stony Brook University, Department of Psychology
- Stony Brook University, Department of Psychiatry
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48
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Holz NE, Boecker-Schlier R, Jennen-Steinmetz C, Hohm E, Buchmann AF, Blomeyer D, Baumeister S, Plichta MM, Esser G, Schmidt M, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Banaschewski T, Brandeis D, Laucht M. Early maternal care may counteract familial liability for psychopathology in the reward circuitry. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2019; 13:1191-1201. [PMID: 30257014 PMCID: PMC6234324 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsy087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reward processing is altered in various psychopathologies and has been shown to be susceptible to genetic and environmental influences. Here, we examined whether maternal care may buffer familial risk for psychiatric disorders in terms of reward processing. Functional magnetic resonance imaging during a monetary incentive delay task was acquired in participants of an epidemiological cohort study followed since birth (N = 172, 25 years). Early maternal stimulation was assessed during a standardized nursing/playing setting at the age of 3 months. Parental psychiatric disorders (familial risk) during childhood and the participants’ previous psychopathology were assessed by diagnostic interview. With high familial risk, higher maternal stimulation was related to increasing activation in the caudate head, the supplementary motor area, the cingulum and the middle frontal gyrus during reward anticipation, with the opposite pattern found in individuals with no familial risk. In contrast, higher maternal stimulation was associated with decreasing caudate head activity during reward delivery and reduced levels of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the high-risk group. Decreased caudate head activity during reward anticipation and increased activity during delivery were linked to ADHD. These findings provide evidence of a long-term association of early maternal stimulation on both adult neurobiological systems of reward underlying externalizing behavior and ADHD during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie E Holz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Regina Boecker-Schlier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christine Jennen-Steinmetz
- Department of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Erika Hohm
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arlette F Buchmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany.,University Outpatient Clinic of the Institute for Psychiatric and Psychosomatic Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dorothea Blomeyer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sarah Baumeister
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael M Plichta
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main,Hoffmann-Str. 10, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Günter Esser
- Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25. OT Golm, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martin Schmidt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Neumünsterallee 9, Zurich, Switzerland.,Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich,Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Laucht
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim / Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25. OT Golm, Potsdam, Germany
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49
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Fischer AS, Ellwood-Lowe ME, Colich NL, Cichocki A, Ho TC, Gotlib IH. Reward-circuit biomarkers of risk and resilience in adolescent depression. J Affect Disord 2019; 246:902-909. [PMID: 30795497 PMCID: PMC6391738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunctional reward processing is a core feature of major depressive disorder. While there is growing knowledge of reward processing in adolescent depression, researchers have ignored neural mechanisms of resilience to depression. Here, we examine neural correlates of reward processing that characterize resilience and risk in adolescents at risk for depression, facilitating the development of effective intervention approaches that strengthen resilience to psychopathology in at-risk youth. METHODS 50 adolescent females were followed through age 18: 32 at-risk adolescents who either did (remitted-depressed; n = 15) or did not (resilient; n = 17) experience a depressive episode, and 18 low-risk healthy controls. Participants completed clinical assessments at 18-month intervals and an fMRI reward-processing task in late adolescence. We conducted predictive modeling with a priori reward regions of interest (ROIs). RESULTS At-risk resilient and remitted-depressed adolescents exhibited less striatal activation than did controls during anticipation of reward. Resilient adolescents exhibited greater activation than did remitted-depressed adolescents in the middle frontal gyrus during reward anticipation, and less activation in the superior frontal gyrus and cuneus during processing of reward outcome. Using predictive modeling, ventral anterior cingulate cortex and putamen activation during reward processing distinguished resilient from remitted-depressed adolescents with 83% accuracy. LIMITATIONS The relatively small sample size of only females and the fact that fMRI data were obtained at one time point in late adolescence are limitations. CONCLUSIONS Distinct patterns of neural activation in reward circuitry appear to be markers of risk and resilience that may be targets for prevention and treatment approaches aimed at strengthening adaptive reward processing in at-risk adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina S Fischer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
| | - Monica E Ellwood-Lowe
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Natalie L Colich
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Anna Cichocki
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tiffany C Ho
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ian H Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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50
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Gilbert K, Luking K, Pagliaccio D, Luby JL, Barch DM. Dampening Positive Affect and Neural Reward Responding in Healthy Children: Implications for Affective Inflexibility. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2019; 48:120-130. [PMID: 27819484 PMCID: PMC5420488 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2016.1233502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Blunted reward processing is evident in and may contribute to the onset of major depressive disorder. However, it is unclear what mechanisms contribute to the development of blunted reward-response prior to depression onset. The current study examined how individual differences in the tendency to dampen positive affect, an affect regulation strategy that decreases positive affect, are associated with reward responding and related brain activation in 39 healthy children (ages 7-10; 51% female; 79% White). To do this, we examined neural responses to winning a reward (candy) within the context of a previous loss, win, or neutral outcome. Whole-brain regression analyses revealed that self-reported tendencies to engage in dampening were associated with blunted striatum and thalamic activation during a winning outcome when following a previous loss outcome, as compared to when following a neutral outcome. This finding was above and beyond the influence of current depressive symptoms. However, tendencies to dampen positive affect were not associated with neural activity during the second of 2 consecutive win outcomes, and thus did not support the notion that dampening is associated with an inability to maintain reward responding. In youth, tendencies to dampen positive affect may be associated with less ability to flexibly upregulate neural reward responding following a loss, possibly leading to the development of affective inflexibility and increased vulnerability to depression. Dampening positive affect may be one mechanism that contributes to aberrant neural reward responding via affective inflexibility and may be a target for prevention in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Gilbert
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Katherine Luking
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - David Pagliaccio
- Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joan L. Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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