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Kristjansson AL, Lilly CL, Mann MJ, Smith ML, Kogan SM, Layman HM, James JE. Adolescent caffeine use and problematic school behavior: A longitudinal analysis of student survey data and teacher observations. J Adolesc 2024. [PMID: 39051139 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Caffeine is a psychostimulant possessing arousal, motor activation, and reinforcing properties, which is consumed daily by most adolescents aged 12-19 years. Although current understanding of the implications of adolescent caffeine consumption for school behaviors remains incomplete, studies have shown that in addition to acute effects of the drug, in common with other habit-forming psychoactive substances, regular use leads to physical dependence, evidenced by recurring negative withdrawal symptoms. METHODS Employing two waves of longitudinal data, we tested the prospective association between daily caffeine use and homeroom teacher-observed self-control and problem behavior in a sample of middle-school students in 20 schools in West Virginia in the United States. Caffeine was operationalized with two dichotomized variables, daily consumption of <100 mg, and daily consumption of >100 mg, versus no daily use. Gender, mother's education, family financial status, social support by primary caregiver and adults in school, and school climate, were applied as covariates in linear mixed models. RESULTS Daily caffeine use of >100 mg was robustly and inversely associated with self-control and positively associated with problem behavior. CONCLUSIONS Caffeine consumption and associated withdrawal symptoms may be an important factor in problematic school behavior among adolescents. Recent advent of highly concentrated caffeine products (e.g., caffeine "shots") commonly marketed directly at youth, should give rise to concerns including consideration about limiting caffeine consumption among children and youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfgeir L Kristjansson
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, West Virginia University School of Public Health, West Virginia Prevention Research Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Christa L Lilly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Michael J Mann
- Department of Community and Environmental Health, Boise State College of Health Sciences, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - Megan L Smith
- Department of Community and Environmental Health, Boise State College of Health Sciences, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - Steven M Kogan
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia College of Family and Consumer Sciences, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Hannah M Layman
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, West Virginia University School of Public Health, West Virginia Prevention Research Center, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Jack E James
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Ruggles PR, Pasch KE, Poulos NS, Thomas JE. Comparing the number of outdoor sugar-sweetened beverage and caffeinated beverage advertisements near schools by school type and school-level economic advantage. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302048. [PMID: 38781217 PMCID: PMC11115223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sugar-sweetened beverage and caffeinated beverage consumption are associated with a variety of health issues among youth. Food and beverage marketing has been shown to affect youth's preferences, purchases, and consumption of marketed products. Previous research suggests that outdoor food and beverage marketing differs by community demographics, with more advertisements in lower-income communities and near schools. The purpose of this study is to examine the density of sugar-sweetened and caffeinated beverage advertisements near schools by school type (middle vs. high school) and by school-level SES. METHODS Data are from the Outdoor Measuring and Evaluating the Determinants and Influence of Advertising (MEDIA)study, which documented and described all outdoor food and beverage advertisements near 47 middle and high schools in 2012. Beverage advertisements were categorized as: sugar-sweetened/caffeinated, sugar-sweetened/non-caffeinated, non-sugar-sweetened/caffeinated, or non-sugar-sweetened/non-caffeinated. Schools were categorized by type (middle vs high) and by SES as determined by the percentage of students qualifying for free or reduced-price lunch. Bootstrapped non-parametric Mann-Whitney U tests compared the number of advertisements in each category by school type and school-level SES (higher vs lower). RESULTS Compared to schools with higher SES, schools with lower SES had significantly more advertisements for sugar-sweetened/non-caffeinated beverages (Medianlow = 28.5 (IQR 17-69), vs Medianhigh = 10.5 (IQR 4-17) (p = 0.002)., sugar-sweetened non-caffeinated (Medianlow = 46 (IQR 16-99) vs Medianhigh = 13.5 (IQR 6-25), p = 0.002), -sugar-sweetened caffeinated (Medianlow = 12 (IQR 8-19) vs Medianhigh = 6 (IQR 2-8), p = 0.000), and non-sugar-sweetened non-caffeinated (Medianlow = 30 (IQR 13-65) vs Medianhigh = 14 (IQR 4-29), p = 0.045).There were no significant differences by school type. CONCLUSION This study adds to the literature demonstrating pervasive marketing of unhealthy products in lower-income communities. Disproportionate exposure to sugar-sweetened and caffeinated beverage advertisements in lower-income communities may contribute to the disparities in associated health outcomes by economic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe R. Ruggles
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Keryn E. Pasch
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Natalie S. Poulos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jacob E. Thomas
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
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3
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Faris ME, Saif ER, Turki EA, Abdelrahim DN, Abu-Qiyas S, Shihab KA, Zeb F, Hasan H, Hashim MS, Radwan HM, Naja F, Ismail LC, Osaili TM, Kassem H, Al Rajaby R, Obaideen K, Obaid RS. Caffeine intake and its association with nutrition, sleep, and physical activity among schoolchildren in the United Arab Emirates: a national cross-sectional study. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:549-562. [PMID: 38151534 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent surveys indicate a significant increase in total caffeine intake among schoolchildren. Limited research has been published concerning the total intake of caffeine among schoolchildren in the Middle East and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, including the UAE. METHODS This cross-sectional survey estimated the total caffeine intake from foods and beverages among 10,275 schoolchildren in the UAE. Caffeine intakes were related to the European Food Safety Authority's level of no safety concern (3.0 mg/kg BW) and level of effects on sleep (1.4 mg/kg BW). RESULTS More than half (56.2%) of the students consumed more than 100 mg (the upper limit allowed) of caffeine from dietary sources. High intake of caffeine (> 100 mg/day) was significantly associated (p = 0.001) with reduced sleep duration, difficulty falling asleep, infrequent exercising, using smart devices for more than 2 h a day, getting a lower GPA, skipping breakfast, eating fewer servings of vegetables than recommended, frequent consumption of fast food and more frequent snack consumption. CONCLUSION Excessive intake of caffeine from different dietary sources coexists with unhealthy dietary and lifestyle behaviors and sleep problems. Tailoring educational programs and intervention strategies is warranted to correct the unhealthy intake of caffeine and the associated unhealthy dietary and lifestyle behaviors among schoolchildren in the UAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- MoezAlIslam E Faris
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- Nutrition and Food Research Group, Sharjah Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- Healthy Aging, Longevity and Sustainability Research Group, Sharjah Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Eman Rashid Saif
- Health Promotion Department, Supreme Council for Family Affairs, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eman Ali Turki
- Health Promotion Department, Supreme Council for Family Affairs, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dana N Abdelrahim
- Health Promotion Research Group, Sharjah Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salma Abu-Qiyas
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Katia Abi Shihab
- Nutrition and Food Research Group, Sharjah Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Falak Zeb
- Nutrition and Food Research Group, Sharjah Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haydar Hasan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Nutrition and Food Research Group, Sharjah Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mona S Hashim
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Nutrition and Food Research Group, Sharjah Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hadia M Radwan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Nutrition and Food Research Group, Sharjah Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Health Promotion Research Group, Sharjah Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farah Naja
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Nutrition and Food Research Group, Sharjah Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Health Promotion Research Group, Sharjah Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Leila Cheikh Ismail
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Nutrition and Food Research Group, Sharjah Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tareq M Osaili
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Nutrition and Food Research Group, Sharjah Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- 6Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hanin Kassem
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Radhiya Al Rajaby
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled Obaideen
- Sharjah Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Reyad Shaker Obaid
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Nutrition and Food Research Group, Sharjah Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Vizentin NP, Giannini DT, Takey M, Kuschnir MCC. Caffeine consumption and association with sleep duration and screen time in Brazilian adolescents (ERICA Study). Nutrition 2024; 118:112233. [PMID: 38029597 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Some studies have demonstrated that caffeine consumption is a risk factor for insufficient sleep or poor sleep quality in adolescents. The aim of this study was to estimate the average daily caffeine consumption and to investigate the association between caffeine, sleep duration, and screen time in a large sample of Brazilian adolescents. METHODS We evaluated data from 71 533 adolescents aged 12 to 17 y, who participated in the ERICA study (Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents). Caffeine intake was extracted from 24-h dietary recalls of caffeine-containing products. The mean daily intake of caffeine/mg and caffeine/mg/kg, the prevalence of caffeine intake, and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated according to the general characteristics. Associations between caffeine consumption, sleep duration, and screen time were analyzed by a multinomial logistic regression model, considering P < 0.05. RESULTS The overall average daily caffeine intake was 99.45 mg (95% CI, 91.43-107.47) and 1.88 mg/kg (95% CI, 1.71-2.04). Daily caffeine intake >3 mg/kg was significantly associated with screen time ≤2 h/d (odds ratio [OR], 1.16; 95% CI, 1.06-1.26) and sleep duration ≥8 h (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.17-1.46), which remained significant after adjustment. The time of day of the highest caffeine consumption was in the morning (05:00-12:59). The most consumed caffeine-containing product was coffee (35%), followed by soda (27%). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that caffeine consumption does not interfere with sleep duration or screen time. Moreover, the study provided important information about the source of caffeine most consumed by Brazilian adolescents, which could help professionals plan appropriate caffeine consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Pereira Vizentin
- University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Denise Tavares Giannini
- University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Adolescent Health Studies Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Márcia Takey
- University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Adolescent Health Studies Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Caetano Kuschnir
- University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Adolescent Health Studies Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Kwon M, Kim H, Yang J, Lee Y, Hur JK, Lee TH, Bjork JM, Ahn WY. Caffeinated Soda Intake in Children Is Associated with Neurobehavioral Risk Factors for Substance Misuse. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 59:79-89. [PMID: 37936270 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2259471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Use of psychotropic substances in childhood has been associated with both impulsivity and other manifestations of poor executive function as well as escalation over time to use of progressively stronger substances. However, how this relationship may start in earlier childhood has not been well explored. Here, we investigated the neurobehavioral correlates of daily caffeinated soda consumption in preadolescent children and examined whether caffeinated soda intake is associated with a higher risk of subsequent alcohol initiation. METHODS Using Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study data (N = 2,092), we first investigated cross-sectional relationships between frequent caffeinated soda intake and well-known risk factors of substance misuse: impaired working memory, high impulsivity, and aberrant reward processing. We then examined whether caffeinated soda intake at baseline predicts more alcohol sipping at 12 months follow-up using a machine learning algorithm. RESULTS Daily consumption of caffeinated soda was cross-sectionally associated with neurobehavioral risk factors for substance misuse such as higher impulsivity scores and lower working memory performance. Furthermore, caffeinated soda intake predicted a 2.04 times greater likelihood of alcohol sipping after 12 months, even after controlling for rates of baseline alcohol sipping rates. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that previous linkages between caffeine and substance use in adolescence also extend to younger initiation, and may stem from core neurocognitive features thought conducive to substance initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Kwon
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Kim
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeyeong Yang
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoseph Lee
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihyun K Hur
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tae-Ho Lee
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - James M Bjork
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Woo-Young Ahn
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Parnell SA, Mandzufas J, Howard J, Gannett AT, Trapp GSA. A massive hit that targets kids quite a bit: Where and how Australian school children see energy drinks. Health Promot J Austr 2023; 34:736-741. [PMID: 37218362 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
ISSUES ADDRESSED Energy drinks (EDs) are not recommended for children due to their high caffeine content and adverse health risks. Their popularity among children may be due to children's exposure to ED marketing. This study aimed to identify where children have seen ED marketing and whether they believe ED marketing targets them. METHODS Participant data were drawn from 'AMPED UP: An Energy Drink Study', where 3688 students in grades 7-12 (age 12-17 years) from 25 randomly selected secondary schools in Western Australia were asked if they had ever seen ED advertising on television, posters/signs in shops, online/internet, movies, cars/vehicles, social media, magazines/newspapers, music videos, video games, merchandise and free samples. Participants were also shown three ED advertisements and asked, 'Which age group/s do you think this ad targets?' (12 years or less, 13-17 years, 18-23 years, 24 years or older) and could select multiple age groups for each advertisement. RESULTS On average, participants saw ED advertising on 6.5 (SD = 2.5) of 11 possible marketing channels, including television (seen by 91% of participants), posters/signs in shops (88%), online/internet (82%) and movies (71%). Participants also perceived ED advertisements targeted children (< 18 years). CONCLUSIONS ED marketing has a high reach among Western Australian children. The voluntary ED advertising pledge to not market EDs to children in Australia does not prevent children from seeing or being targeted by ED marketing. SO WHAT?: Stronger regulatory control of ED marketing is needed to better protect children from the appeal and adverse health risks of ED use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Parnell
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joelie Mandzufas
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Justine Howard
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anna T Gannett
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gina S A Trapp
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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Secondary School Students and Caffeine: Consumption Habits, Motivations, and Experiences. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041011. [PMID: 36839369 PMCID: PMC9965339 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescents may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of caffeine due to a lack of tolerance, their small size, changing brain physiology, and increasing independence. Concerns about adolescent caffeine consumption relate to potentially serious physiological and psychological effects following consumption. Motivations driving caffeine intake are not well understood among adolescents but are important to understand to reduce harmful behavioural patterns. This study explored caffeine consumption habits (sources, amount, frequency) of New Zealand adolescents; and factors motivating caffeine consumption and avoidance. The previously validated caffeine consumption habits questionnaire (CaffCo) was completed by 216 participants (15-18 years), with most (94.9%) consuming at least one caffeinated product daily. Chocolate, coffee, tea, and kola drinks were the most consumed sources. The median caffeine intake was 68 mg·day-1. Gender (boy) and being employed influenced the source, but not the quantity of caffeine consumed. One-fifth (21.2%) of adolescents consumed more than the recommended European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) safe level (3 mg·kg-1·day-1). Taste, energy, and temperature were the main motivators for consumption, and increased energy, excitement, restlessness, and sleep disturbances were reported effects following caffeine consumption. This study provides information on caffeinated product consumption among New Zealand adolescents, some of whom consumed caffeine above the EFSA safe level. Public health initiatives directed at adolescents may be important to reduce potential caffeine-related harm.
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Mu K, Zhang J, Feng X, Zhang D, Li K, Li R, Yang P, Mao S. Sedative-hypnotic effects of Boropinol-B on mice via activation of GABAA receptors. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023; 75:57-65. [PMID: 36385301 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Boropinol-B is a phenylpropanoid compound originally isolated from Boronia pinnata Sm. (Rutaceae). This study aimed to evaluate the sedative-hypnotic effects of Boropinol-B and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Pentobarbital sodium-induced sleep mouse model and caffeine-induced insomnia mouse model were used to investigate the sedative effects of Boropinol-B. Pharmacokinetics profiles of Boropinol-B in rats were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography. The effects of Boropinol-B on the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system were investigated using ELISA assay and patch-clamp technique. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were carried out to assess the effects of Boropinol-B on sleep-related brain nucleus. KEY FINDINGS Boropinol-B showed significant sedative effects, including reduced sleep latency, increased sleep duration in pentobarbital sodium-treated mice and decreased locomotor activity in insomnia mice. Pharmacokinetics studies demonstrated that Boropinol-B had a rapid onset of action, a short half-life and no accumulation. It increased the GABA level in mice's brain, and promoted chloride ions influx mediated by the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors in neurons. Also, it increased the c-Fos positive ratio of GABAergic neurons in ventrolateral preoptic nucleus and decreased c-Fos expression in tuberomammillary nucleus. CONCLUSION Boropinol-B showed significant sedative-hypnotic effects in mice by activating the GABAA receptors and stimulating the sleep-related brain nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keman Mu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinqian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kangning Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shengjun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Jessel CD, Narang A, Zuberi R, Bousman CA. Sleep Quality and Duration in Children That Consume Caffeine: Impact of Dose and Genetic Variation in ADORA2A and CYP1A. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020289. [PMID: 36833216 PMCID: PMC9956387 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is the most consumed drug in the world, and it is commonly used by children. Despite being considered relatively safe, caffeine can have marked effects on sleep. Studies in adults suggest that genetic variants in the adenosine A2A receptor (ADORA2A, rs5751876) and cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A, rs2472297, rs762551) loci are correlated with caffeine-associated sleep disturbances and caffeine intake (dose), but these associations have not been assessed in children. We examined the independent and interaction effects of daily caffeine dose and candidate variants in ADORA2A and CYP1A on the sleep quality and duration in 6112 children aged 9-10 years who used caffeine and were enrolled in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. We found that children with higher daily caffeine doses had lower odds of reporting > 9 h of sleep per night (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.74-0.88, and p = 1.2 × 10-6). For every mg/kg/day of caffeine consumed, there was a 19% (95% CI = 12-26%) decrease in the odds of children reporting > 9 h of sleep. However, neither ADORA2A nor CYP1A genetic variants were associated with sleep quality, duration, or caffeine dose. Likewise, genotype by caffeine dose interactions were not detected. Our findings suggest that a daily caffeine dose has a clear negative correlation with sleep duration in children, but this association is not moderated by the ADORA2A or CYP1A genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaten D. Jessel
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Ankita Narang
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Rayyan Zuberi
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Chad A. Bousman
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N4N1, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N4N1, Canada
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N4N1, Canada
- Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, Physiology & Pharmacology, and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N4N1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Kristjansson AL, Kogan SM, Mann MJ, Smith ML, Lilly CL, James JE. Possible role of caffeine in nicotine use onset among early adolescents: Evidence from the Young Mountaineer Health Study Cohort. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285682. [PMID: 37167246 PMCID: PMC10174549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preventing nicotine use onset among children and youth is an important public health goal. One possible contributor that has received little empirical investigation is caffeine use. The goal of this study was to examine the possible contribution of caffeine to nicotine onset during early adolescence. METHODS We used data from the Young Mountaineer Health Study Cohort. Survey data were collected from 1,349 (response rate: 80.7%) 6th grade students (mean age at baseline 11.5 years) in 20 middle schools in West Virginia during the fall of 2020 and spring of 2021. We limited our analyses to students reporting never having used any form of nicotine at baseline. Logistic regression was employed in analyses. RESULTS Approximately 8% of participants reported having used nicotine at least once between baseline and the follow-up, and 4.7% reported solely using electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and no other forms of nicotine. In multivariable analyses, we controlled for many environmental, social, and behavioral variables known to influence nicotine use such as alcohol use, peer substance use, and perceived access to nicotine. We formulated our main independent variable, caffeine consumption, as continuous deciles. Any nicotine use, as well as ENDS use only at follow-up, were modeled as dependent variables. Caffeine was significantly associated with nicotine use in both models with ORs of 1.15 (1.04-1.27) and 1.13 (1.00-1.28). CONCLUSIONS Caffeine consumption among 6th grade non-nicotine users was associated with nicotine use at approximately 6-months follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfgeir L Kristjansson
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
- Icelandic Center for Social Research and Analysis, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Steven M Kogan
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia College of Family and Consumer Sciences, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Michael J Mann
- Department of Community and Environmental Health, Boise State University, College of Health Sciences, Boise, ID, United States of America
| | - Megan L Smith
- Department of Community and Environmental Health, Boise State University, College of Health Sciences, Boise, ID, United States of America
| | - Christa L Lilly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
| | - Jack E James
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
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11
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Magee L, Goldsmith LP, Chaudhry UAR, Donin AS, Wahlich C, Stovold E, Nightingale CM, Rudnicka AR, Owen CG. Nonpharmacological Interventions to Lengthen Sleep Duration in Healthy Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr 2022; 176:1084-1097. [PMID: 36094530 PMCID: PMC9468945 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.3172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Importance Adequate sleep duration is necessary for many aspects of child health, development, and well-being, yet sleep durations for children are declining, and effective strategies to increase sleep in healthy children remain to be elucidated. Objective To determine whether nonpharmaceutical interventions to improve sleep duration in healthy children are effective and to identify the key components of these interventions. Data Sources CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science Core collection, ClinicalTrials.gov, and WHO trials databases were searched from inception to November 15, 2021. Study Selection Randomized clinical trials of interventions to improve sleep duration in healthy children were independently screened by 2 researchers. A total of 28 478 studies were identified. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data were processed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) reporting guideline. Random-effects meta-analytic models were used to estimate pooled effect sizes. Main Outcomes and Measures Difference in sleep duration, measured in minutes. Results A total of 13 539 child participants from 45 randomized clinical trials were included. Of these, 6897 (50.9%) were in the intervention group and 6642 (49.1%) in the control group, and the mean age ranged from 18 months to 19 years. Pooled results indicate that sleep interventions were associated with 10.5 minutes (95% CI, 5.6-15.4) longer nocturnal sleep duration. There was substantial variation between trials. Sources of variation that were not associated with the study effect size included age group, whether the population was identified as having a sleep problem or being at a socioeconomic disadvantage (eg, coming from a low-income family or area), method of assessment of sleep duration (objective vs subjective), location of intervention delivery (home vs school), whether interventions were delivered in person or used parental involvement, whether behavioral theory was used, environmental change, or had greater or lower intensity. Interventions that included earlier bedtimes were associated with a 47-minute sleep extension (95% CI, 18.9-75.0; 3 trials) compared with remaining studies (7.4 minutes; 95% CI, 2.9-11.8; 42 trials) (P = .006 for group difference). Trials of shorter duration (6 months or less) had larger effects. Conclusions and Relevance Interventions focused on earlier bedtimes may offer a simple, pragmatic, effective way to meaningfully increase sleep duration that could have important benefits for child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Magee
- Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy P. Goldsmith
- Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Umar A. R. Chaudhry
- Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angela S. Donin
- Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Wahlich
- Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Stovold
- Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire M. Nightingale
- Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alicja R. Rudnicka
- Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher G. Owen
- Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Pettitt RM, Brown EA, Delashmitt JC, Pizzo MN. The Management of Anxiety and Depression in Pediatrics. Cureus 2022; 14:e30231. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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13
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Kristjansson AL, Mann MJ, Smith ML, Kogan SM, Lilly CL, James JE. Caffeine consumption and onset of alcohol use among early adolescents. Prev Med 2022; 163:107208. [PMID: 35987370 PMCID: PMC10163886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Preventing or delaying the onset of alcohol use among children and youth is an important public health goal. One possible factor in alcohol use onset among early adolescents is caffeine. The aim of this study was to assess the possible contribution of caffeine to the onset of alcohol use during early adolescence. We used data from the Young Mountaineer Health Study Cohort. Survey data were collected from 1349 (response rate: 80.7%) 6th grade students (mean age at baseline 11.5 years) in 20 middle schools in West Virginia during the fall of 2020, and again approximately 6 months later in spring of 2021. We limited our analyses to students reporting never having used any form of alcohol at baseline. Logistic regression was employed in multivariable analyses and both Odds Ratios and Relative Risks reported. At follow-up, almost 14% of participants reported having consumed alcohol at least once and 57% used caffeine of 100 mg + daily. In multivariable analyses we controlled for social and behavioral variables known to impact tobacco use. Caffeine use was operationalized as a three-level factor: no use, <100 mg per day, and 100 + mg per day, with the latter being the approximate equivalent of the minimum of a typical cup of coffee or can of energy drink. Caffeine use of 100 mg + per day was significantly related to alcohol use at 6-months follow-up (OR: 1.79, RR: 1.56, p = .037). We conclude that caffeine consumption among 11-12-year-old adolescents may be a factor in early onset of alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfgeir L Kristjansson
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, United States of America; Icelandic Center for Social Research and Analysis, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Michael J Mann
- Department of Community and Environmental Health, Boise State University, College of Health Sciences, Boise, ID, United States of America
| | - Megan L Smith
- Department of Community and Environmental Health, Boise State University, College of Health Sciences, Boise, ID, United States of America
| | - Steven M Kogan
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia College of Family and Consumer Sciences, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Christa L Lilly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV, United States of America
| | - Jack E James
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
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14
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Fakioğlu M, Kalpaklı Y. Mechanism and behavior of caffeine sorption: affecting factors. RSC Adv 2022; 12:26504-26513. [PMID: 36275163 PMCID: PMC9479768 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04501j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is one of the emerging pollutants with a diverse chemical composition. It is mixed with the hydrobiota as a result of its high consumption, and when certain dose intervals are exceeded, it re-enters the human body through indirect routes such as plants, animals, soil, water, and the food chain, causing health problems that are difficult or impossible to treat, and irreversible environmental problems. This situation raises concerns about the presence of pollutants emerging in water resources, igniting interest in water treatment processes and the development of alternative methods. Although there are several methods for removing caffeine from aqueous media, adsorption is the most popular because it is less expensive than other methods and has the highest removal efficiency. Furthermore, it has the benefit of selectively attaching the molecules in solution. In this article, studies on the caffeine adsorption process have been examined, and the caffeine adsorption efficiency of various adsorbents has been summarized by compiling information such as pH, contact time, temperature, and concentration of adsorbent and adsorbate, which are considered as optimum processing conditions. The binding mechanism was investigated, and it was clearly stated how caffeine adheres to the adsorbent surface. Among the equilibrium adsorption isotherms, the isotherm model with the best agreement with the experimental data was attempted to be determined. Many studies clearly show that the process of developing environmentally friendly and high-capacity adsorbents in sustainable processes and in harmony with the circular economy is increasing day by day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Fakioğlu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University 34220 Davutpaşa Istanbul Turkey
| | - Yasemen Kalpaklı
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University 34220 Davutpaşa Istanbul Turkey
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15
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Jeliński T, Cysewski P. Quantification of Caffeine Interactions in Choline Chloride Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents: Solubility Measurements and COSMO-RS-DARE Interpretation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147832. [PMID: 35887182 PMCID: PMC9323268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Solubility of active pharmaceutical ingredients is an important aspect of drug processing and formulation. Although caffeine was a subject of many studies aiming to quantify saturated solutions, many applied solvents suffer from not being environmentally friendly. This work fills this gap by presenting the results of solubility measurements in choline chloride natural deep eutectic solvents, ccNADES, comprising one of seven of the following polyalcohols: glycerol, sorbitol, xylitol, glucose, sucrose, maltose and fructose. The ratio of ccNADES components was optimized for maximizing caffeine solubility at room temperature. Additionally, temperature dependent solubility was measured for the first four systems exhibiting the highest solubility potential, both in their neat forms and in mixtures with water. Results were used for intermolecular interactions assessments using the COSMO-RS-DARE approach, which led to a perfect match between experimental and computed solubility values. An important methodological discussion was provided for an appropriate definition of the systems. Surprising linear trends were observed between the values of fitting parameters and water-ccNADES composition. In addition, comments on selection of the values of the fusion thermodynamic parameters were provided, which led to the conclusion that COSMO-RS-DARE solubility computations can effectively compensate for the inaccuracies of these important physicochemical properties.
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16
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Evening Caffeine Did Not Improve 100-m Swimming Time Trials Performed 60 Min Post-Ingestion or the Next Morning After Sleep. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2022; 32:453-461. [PMID: 35894958 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2022-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The potential ergogenic benefits of caffeine (CAF) are well known within the athletic community, often leading to its use in adolescent swimming cohorts to enhance their performance. However, it has previously been reported that CAF has sleep-disturbing effects, which could be detrimental to performance over consecutive days in multiday competitions. Moreover, the effects that evening CAF ingestion has on sleep, side effects, and next-day performances are yet to be researched in trained adolescents. In a double-blind, randomized, crossover design, eight national-level swimmers (age: 18 ± 1 years, height: 1.76 ± 0.06 cm, body mass [BM]: 69.4 ± 6.4 kg) ingested a capsule containing 3 mg/kg BM CAF or a placebo 60 min before an evening 100-m swimming time trial. The next morning, sleep was analyzed (Core Consensus Sleep Diary) and 100-m time trials were repeated. Side effects were analyzed via visual analog scales throughout the study. No differences were found for swimming performance (p = .911) in the evening (CAF: 59.5 ± 7.8 s, placebo: 59.9 ± 7.9 s, g = 0.06) or morning (CAF: 59.7 ± 7.7 s, placebo: 60.2 ± 7.9 s, g = 0.07). In addition, no group differences were found for any subjective side effects (e.g., anxiety: p = .468, tachycardia: p = .859, alertness: p = .959) or sleep parameters (e.g., sleep latency: p = .395, total sleep time: p = .574). These results question the use of a standardized 3 mg/kg BM CAF ingestion strategy for 100-m swimming time trials in trained adolescents, although objective measures may be needed to confirm that CAF does not affect sleep within this cohort.
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17
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da Costa BRB, El Haddad LP, De Martinis BS. Caffeine content of energy drinks marketed in Brazil. Drug Test Anal 2022; 14:1660-1664. [PMID: 35595544 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Energy drinks represent a multibillionaire industry that has been growing continuously worldwide. These drinks are especially consumed by young people, athletes, and military personnel due to their claimed "boost" effects. However, there have been concerns about their consumption since incompatibilities regarding the accuracy of the declared caffeine content of these drinks have been reported. Therefore, in this study we have developed a fast and simple method to quantify caffeine in energy drinks. Sample preparation consisted of a dilute-and-shoot process, and analyses were performed by gas-chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detector (GC-NPD). The method was applied to quantify caffeine in 37 energy drinks marketed in Brazil. Compared to the labeled caffeine content, 84% of the tested drinks presented caffeine levels in accordance with the specifications. The determined caffeine concentrations ranged from 10 to 67 mg/100 mL, with an average value of 31 mg/100 mL. According to the recommended serving size, no drinks exceeded the safe caffeine daily intake for the general population (400 mg). These findings are more favorable than the results of similar studies. Nevertheless, to avoid caffeine intoxication, energy drink consumers should be aware of three aspects. First, they need to avoid consuming multiple serving doses in short periods of time. Additionally, some energy drinks are labeled as "nutritional supplements", so they may present much more caffeine than similar products commonly regulated as beverages. Finally, despite the growing interest in energy drinks, their consumption by children and early adolescents is being discouraged by the health authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ruiz Brandão da Costa
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo. Avenida do Café, s/n°, SP, Brazil
| | - Lohanna Pereira El Haddad
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Spinosa De Martinis
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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18
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Trapp GSA, Hurworth M, Christian H, Bromberg M, Howard J, McStay C, Allen K, Cross D, Oddy W, Harray A, Hammond D. Individual, Social, and Environmental Correlates of Energy Drink Use Among Adolescents. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2022; 54:255-262. [PMID: 35277222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2020.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlates of adolescent energy drink (ED) use using a socioecological approach to inform future interventions. METHODS In 2017-2018, 3,688 students attending 25 randomly selected Western Australian secondary schools completed a self-report survey. A backward stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to construct a model of the most significant individual (n = 12), social (n = 3), and environmental (n = 4) factors associated with being an ED user (ie, past month ED use). RESULTS Overall, 18% of participants were ED users. The factors significantly associated with being an ED user included being male (P < 0.001), having a higher disposable income (P < 0.001), perceiving EDs as good for health (P = 0.009), perceiving EDs as safe for someone their age to drink (P < 0.001), having a sensation-seeking personality (P = 0.011), having friends who drink EDs (P < 0.001), having parents who would give them an ED if asked (P < 0.001), and having EDs available at home (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Initiatives to reduce ED intake among adolescents need to be multifaceted, addressing individual, social, and environmental factors. It is also important that educational interventions target both parents and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina S A Trapp
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Western Australian Department of Health, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Miriam Hurworth
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hayley Christian
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Marilyn Bromberg
- Law School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Justine Howard
- School of Law, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Catrina McStay
- School of Law, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Karina Allen
- School of Psychology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Eating Disorders Service, Maudsley Hospital, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Donna Cross
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wendy Oddy
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Amelia Harray
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Lunsford-Avery JR, Kollins SH, Kansagra S, Wang KW, Engelhard MM. Impact of daily caffeine intake and timing on electroencephalogram-measured sleep in adolescents. J Clin Sleep Med 2022; 18:877-884. [PMID: 34710040 PMCID: PMC8883093 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Caffeine use is ubiquitous among adolescents and may be harmful to sleep, with downstream implications for health and development. Research has been limited by self-reported and/or aggregated measures of sleep and caffeine collected at a single time point. This study examines bidirectional associations between daily caffeine consumption and electroencephalogram-measured sleep among adolescents and explores whether these relationships depend on timing of caffeine use. METHODS Ninety-eight adolescents aged 11-17 (mean =14.38, standard deviation = 1.77; 50% female) participated in 7 consecutive nights of at-home sleep electroencephalography and completed a daily diary querying morning, afternoon, and evening caffeine use. Linear mixed-effects regressions examined relationships between caffeine consumption and total sleep time, sleep-onset latency, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, and time spent in sleep stages. Impact of sleep indices on next-day caffeine use was also examined. RESULTS Increased total caffeine consumption was associated was increased sleep-onset latency (β = .13; 95% CI = .06, .21; P < .001) and reduced total sleep time (β = -.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -.31, -.02; P = .02), sleep efficiency (β = -1.59; 95% CI = -2.51, -.67; P < .001), and rapid eye movement sleep (β = -.12; 95% CI = -.19, -.05; P < .001). Findings were driven by afternoon and evening caffeine consumption. Reduced sleep efficiency was associated with increased afternoon caffeine intake the following day (β = -.006; 95% CI = -.012, -.001; P = .01). CONCLUSIONS Caffeine consumption, especially afternoon and evening use, impacts several aspects of adolescent sleep health. In contrast, most sleep indicators did not affect next-day caffeine use, suggesting multiple drivers of adolescent caffeine consumption. Federal mandates requiring caffeine content labeling and behavioral interventions focused on reducing caffeine intake may support adolescent sleep health. CITATION Lunsford-Avery JR, Kollins SH, Kansagra S, Wang KW, Engelhard MM. Impact of daily caffeine intake and timing on electroencephalogram-measured sleep in adolescents. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(3):877-884.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Lunsford-Avery
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina,Address correspondence to: Jessica R. Lunsford-Avery, PhD, 2608 Erwin Road Suite 300, Durham, NC 27705; Tel: (919) 681-0035; Fax: (919) 681-0016;
| | - Scott H. Kollins
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sujay Kansagra
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Ke Will Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Matthew M. Engelhard
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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Too Jittery to Sleep? Temporal Associations of Actigraphic Sleep and Caffeine in Adolescents. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010031. [PMID: 35010906 PMCID: PMC8746933 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine consumption has been linked to poor sleep health in adolescents, but it is unknown whether poor sleep predicts caffeine consumption, and/or whether caffeine consumption predicts poor sleep, particularly when sleep is measured objectively. Data were collected from a micro-longitudinal sub-study of the age 15 wave of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 589). Adolescents wore an actigraphy device and completed daily surveys for ~1 week. Daily surveys assessed subjective sleep quality and caffeinated beverage consumption (0 = no caffeine, 1 = any caffeine). Separate mixed models assessed whether actigraphy-measured sleep duration, timing, maintenance efficiency, and subjective quality predicted next-day caffeinated beverage consumption within and between adolescents. Variability (standard deviation) of sleep duration and timing, sleep regularity index, and social jetlag were tested as additional between-person predictors. Lagged models tested whether daily caffeinated beverage consumption predicted sleep that night (n = 458). Adolescents with more variable sleep duration and midpoint had higher average odds of consuming caffeinated beverages compared to others. After adolescents consumed ≥1 caffeinated beverage, they had later sleep onset that night and wake time the next morning than usual versus when they did not consume caffeine. Curbing caffeinated beverage consumption may aid in the maintenance of regular sleep schedules and advance sleep timing in adolescents.
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Habits of Energy Drink Consumption among Teens in Slovenia - Focus Group Findings. Zdr Varst 2021; 60:230-236. [PMID: 34917191 PMCID: PMC8643114 DOI: 10.2478/sjph-2021-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Teachers in Slovenia have been noticing the increased consumption of energy drinks among pupils. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate habits that contribute to the frequency of energy drink consumption. Method 36 teens participated in the study: elementary school pupils (6th and 8th grades), general upper secondary school pupils, and secondary technical school pupils (1st and 3rd year). In the course of the study 6 group interviews were held to help investigate young people’s habits and their reasons for energy drink purchase and consumption. Moreover, we investigated the influence of age on the consumption and knowledge about energy drink ingredients, as well as their influence on the body. Results Interview analysis showed that energy drink consumers are predominantly secondary school pupils. Their choice most frequently depends on the price, their taste, or the brand. What influences elementary school pupils’ purchasing decisions are price, packaging, and advertisements, while secondary school pupils choose their drinks according to the lack of energy and how tired they feel. The predominant factors preventing energy drink consumption are health problems among family members and friends. Secondary school pupils know more about energy drink ingredients than elementary school pupils. Conclusion On the basis of these findings, we will design a survey questionnaire for Slovenian teenagers and teachers, didactic material, and suggestions for improving educational programmes.
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Effects of Caffeine and Caffeinated Beverages in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults: Short Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312389. [PMID: 34886115 PMCID: PMC8656548 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of ED consumption has increased over the past 10–15 years. Studies describing the effects of caffeine and caffeinated beverages show confusing results, so it seems important to regularly summarize the available facts, and in more detail. By a thorough analysis of more than 156 scientific papers, the authors describe the molecular background of absorption, as well as the positive and negative effects of different dosages of caffeine, just like its effects in physical activity and performance. ED and EDwA consumption is a regular habit of not only adults, but nowadays even of children and adolescents. There are no safe dosages described of caffeine or ED consumption for children. There are no positive short- or long-term effects of these compounds/products concerning developing brain functions, psycho-motor functions, or social development. Instead, there are many unpleasant side effects, and symptoms of regular or higher-dose ED consumption, especially at younger ages. This mini review describes many details of these unpleasant side effects, their severity, and motivations for consuming these compounds/products. In a quantitative research in Hungary (10–26 years, mean age: 15.6 ± 3.8 y, 1459 subjects, randomly chosen population), a survey based on a questionnaire asking people about their ED consumption habits was conducted. According to the data, 81.8% of the participants consumed EDs at least once, and 63.3% tried several products of the kind. A positive correlation was found between age and consumption (p < 0.001). The results show that a high proportion of this group often consumed EDwA, in many cases leading to harmful side-effects of caffeine overdose. In a sample of Hungarian high school and college students (17–26 years), ED consumption matched the international data, and only 19.7% of respondents did not use EDs at all (had never tasted an ED in their life).
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Silva-Maldonado P, Arias-Rico J, Romero-Palencia A, Román-Gutiérrez AD, Ojeda-Ramírez D, Ramírez-Moreno E. Consumption Patterns of Energy Drinks in Adolescents and Their Effects on Behavior and Mental Health: A Systematic Review. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2021; 60:41-47. [PMID: 34432594 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20210818-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current review was to analyze primary studies about energy drink consumption patterns in adolescents and their relationship with mental health. PubMed, PLOS ONE, PsycINFO, and ScienceDirect databases were searched to identify articles related to adverse effects of energy drinks in adolescents and young adults aged 11 to 18 years. Psychological and behavioral measures were based on validated screening tools used in various contexts, and bias was detected in energy drink consumption patterns. In regard to sex, boys consumed more energy drinks than girls, and a strong, positive association was reported between consumption and probability of risky behaviors; tendency for anxiety, depression, and impulsivity; poor academic performance; and sleep disturbances. A progressive increase in consumption was also noted of 25% to 75% within 5 years. Findings suggest that standardized consumption pattern assessment be included in evaluations of mental health to determine potential causal relationships. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(x), xx-xx.].
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Chronic Red Bull Consumption during Adolescence: Effect on Mesocortical and Mesolimbic Dopamine Transmission and Cardiovascular System in Adult Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14070609. [PMID: 34202876 PMCID: PMC8308486 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy drinks are very popular nonalcoholic beverages among adolescents and young adults for their stimulant effects. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of repeated intraoral Red Bull (RB) infusion on dopamine transmission in the nucleus accumbens shell and core and in the medial prefrontal cortex and on cardiac contractility in adult rats exposed to chronic RB consumption. Rats were subjected to 4 weeks of RB voluntary consumption from adolescence to adulthood. Monitoring of in vivo dopamine was carried out by brain microdialysis. In vitro cardiac contractility was studied on biomechanical properties of isolated left-ventricular papillary muscle. The main finding of the study was that, in treated animals, RB increased shell dopamine via a nonadaptive mechanism, a pattern similar to that of drugs of abuse. No changes in isometric and isotonic mechanical parameters were associated with chronic RB consumption. However, a prolonged time to peak tension and half-time of relaxation and a slower peak rate of tension fall were observed in RB-treated rats. It is likely that RB treatment affects left-ventricular papillary muscle contraction. The neurochemical results here obtained can explain the addictive properties of RB, while the cardiovascular investigation findings suggest a hidden papillary contractility impairment.
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Svensson Å, Warne M, Gillander Gådin K. Longitudinal Associations Between Energy Drink Consumption, Health, and Norm-Breaking Behavior Among Swedish Adolescents. Front Public Health 2021; 9:597613. [PMID: 34178908 PMCID: PMC8226087 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.597613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To describe the intake of energy drinks (EDs) among a sample of Swedish adolescents while considering health-related variables, and to investigate the longitudinal associations between ED consumption, health, and norm-breaking behavior. Longitudinal studies on this topic are scarce. Methods: Questionnaire data were collected in the northern part of Sweden in 2010-2011 from 1,622 adolescents in grades 6-9. Analyses were performed using a chi-squared test and logistic regression. Results: Seventy-four percent of the boys and 54% of the girls had consumed EDs (P < 0.001). ED consumption was associated with variables related to low health, low support levels, and norm-breaking behavior. The associations were generally stronger among the girls and the boys who consumed EDs at least once a week. ED consumption was a predictor of worse health and norm-breaking behavior 1 year later. Adjusted odds ratios ranged from 1.53 (95% CI: 1.07, 2.20; school-related stress) to 4.88 (95% CI: 2.28, 10.43; gaming-related truancy). Conclusions: Health promotion activities benefit from a broad approach but could focus on girls who consume EDs and those boys with the highest consumption levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Svensson
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Maria Warne
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
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La Vieille S, Gillespie Z, Bonvalot Y, Benkhedda K, Grinberg N, Rotstein J, Barber J, Krahn AD. Caffeinated energy drinks in the Canadian context: health risk assessment with a focus on cardiovascular effects. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:1019-1028. [PMID: 34000209 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In Canada, caffeinated energy drinks (CEDs) currently sold under Temporary Marketing Authorizations must meet strict eligibility criteria. These criteria, which include compositional and labelling requirements, were developed based on the outcome of a health risk assessment conducted by Health Canada (HC) in 2013. HC updated its assessment by reviewing new information with the focus on potential cardiovascular effects associated with the consumption of CEDs available for sale in Canada. Due to limited data on CED consumption among Canadians to derive accurate exposure information, the composition of a typical CED was characterized to assess the potential effects of single ingredients and synergistic interactions between ingredients on the cardiovascular system. Surveillance data on potential adverse effects related to CED consumption was also analyzed. After extensive review, HC's updated assessment confirms the current risk management approach for CEDs is health protective for Canadian consumers, including the potential for cardiovascular effects. The available evidence supports that moderate consumption (up to 500 mL per day) of a typical CED authorized for sale in Canada is safe for the general population of healthy adults and adolescents. It also re-confirms that vulnerable sub-populations (i.e., children, pregnant and/or breastfeeding women, and caffeine-sensitive individuals) should not consume CEDs. Novelty: Consumption up to 500 mL per day of a typical CED is not associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular effects. Children, pregnant and/or breastfeeding women, and caffeine-sensitive individuals should not consume CEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoe Gillespie
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Yvette Bonvalot
- Biostatistics and Modelling Division, Bureau of Food Surveillance and Science Integration, Food Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Karima Benkhedda
- Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nancy Grinberg
- Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Joel Rotstein
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Barber
- Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, Food Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew D Krahn
- Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Division of Cardiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Saxvig IW, Evanger LN, Pallesen S, Hysing M, Sivertsen B, Gradisar M, Bjorvatn B. Circadian typology and implications for adolescent sleep health. Results from a large, cross-sectional, school-based study. Sleep Med 2021; 83:63-70. [PMID: 33990068 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To investigate circadian typology in a large, representative sample of Norwegian adolescents, and its implications for sleep health. METHODS The sample included 3920 1st year high school students aged 16-17 years. Respondents completed a web-based survey, including the short version of the Horne-Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ), the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) and items on sleep-related behaviors (eg electronic media usage in bed, consumption of caffeinated beverages), sleep beliefs and daytime sleepiness. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVAs and Chi-squared tests. RESULTS In all, 7.8% were categorized as morning, 52.3% as intermediate and 39.9% as evening types, respectively. Evening types had later sleep timing, longer sleep latency, more social jetlag and shorter school day sleep duration than morning types, with intermediate types displaying a sleep pattern between these two extremes. None of the circadian types met the minimum recommended amount of sleep on school nights (ie 8+ hours), and only morning types had a mean sleep duration of 7+ hours (7:19 h, nearly 1 h more than evening types who slept 6:20 h, p < 0.001). Evening types reported more use of electronic media in bed, more consumption of caffeinated beverages and more daytime sleepiness than the other circadian types. They were also less satisfied with their school day sleep duration and perceived it more difficult to change their sleep pattern. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study suggest that eveningness represents a sleep health challenge for older adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingvild West Saxvig
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway; Centre for Sleep Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway.
| | - Linn Nyjordet Evanger
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway; Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway; Optentia, The Vaal Triangle Campus of the North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway; Department of Research and Innovation, Helse Fonna, HF, Norway; Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
| | - Michael Gradisar
- College of Education, Psychology & Social Work, Flinders University, Australia
| | - Bjørn Bjorvatn
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway; Centre for Sleep Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway; Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway
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The Energy to Smoke: Examining the Longitudinal Association between Beverage Consumption and Smoking and Vaping Behaviours among Youth in the COMPASS Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18083864. [PMID: 33917040 PMCID: PMC8067730 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18083864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the longitudinal association between changes in sugar-sweetened and/or caffeinated beverage consumption and smoking/vaping behaviour among Canadian adolescents. Using longitudinal data from the COMPASS study (2015/16 to 2017/18), four models were developed to investigate whether beverage consumption explained variability in smoking and vaping behaviour in adolescence: (1) smoking initiation, (2) vaping initiation, (3) current smoking status, and (4) current vaping status. Models were adjusted for demographic factors. Multinomial logit models were used for model 1, 2, and 3. A binary logistic regression model was used for model 4. An association between change in frequency of beverage consumption and smoking/vaping behaviour was identified in all models. A one-day increase in beverage consumption was associated with smoking initiation (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.51), vaping initiation (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.32), identifying as a current smoker (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.35), and currently vaping (OR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.11). Change in high-energy drink consumption was the best predictor of smoking behaviours and vaping initiation but not current vaping status. Given the health consequences of smoking and vaping and their association with high-energy drink and coffee consumption, policy initiatives to prevent smoking/vaping initiation, and to limit youth access to these beverages, warrant consideration.
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Meltzer LJ, Williamson AA, Mindell JA. Pediatric sleep health: It matters, and so does how we define it. Sleep Med Rev 2021; 57:101425. [PMID: 33601324 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In 2014, Buysse published a novel definition of sleep health, raising awareness for the importance of this construct for individuals, populations, clinical care, and research. However, the original definition focused on adults, with the recommendation that it should be adapted for children and adolescents. As children live within a complex and dynamic system, and may not always have control over their own sleep, this theoretical review will examine and apply Buysse's five dimensions of sleep health within the context of pediatrics. In addition, using examples from the pediatric sleep literature we introduce a modified definition that takes into consideration the influence of the socio-ecological system within which children live, and the sleep-related behaviors that are critical in supporting or hindering sleep health. Finally, we discuss how the proposed theoretical framework, Peds B-SATED, can be applied to clinical practice, research, and training in the field of pediatric sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariel A Williamson
- Sleep Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jodi A Mindell
- Sleep Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Psychology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Pedrosa I, Fernandes Paris V, Reis HHT, Bouzas Marins JC. Padrões de consumo de bebidas energéticas e suplementos alimentares à base de cafeína por frequentadores de academias. REVISTA CIÊNCIAS EM SAÚDE 2020. [DOI: 10.21876/rcshci.v10i4.976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de conhecimento, hábitos, e prevalência de consumo de energéticos e suplementos à base de cafeína por praticantes de exercícios físicos em academias. Métodos: Foi empregado um questionário autoaplicável de 27 perguntas no Google® Forms, divulgado em mídias sociais entre setembro e outubro de 2018. Resultados: Participaram 200 frequentadores de academias, 71% adultos jovens, 52% tendo mais de 2 anos de prática e frequência regular de 5 - 6 vezes por semana. A maioria da amostra era mulher (58,5%), praticante de musculação (61,6%) de MG (62,5%). O consumo sem orientação profissional foi de 81,6% nos energéticos e 53,9% para suplementos à base de cafeína. 73,3% dos consumidores de energéticos tinham objetivos relacionados com atividades sociais, preferindo a marca RedBul® (40,4%). Entre os consumidores de suplementos de cafeína houve preferência por termogênicos (32,7%) e cafeína pura (29,9%), com objetivo principal a melhora de performance (28,7%), apresentando respostas ergolíticas de taquicardia e palpitações como registrado nos energéticos. Não houve registro de efeitos adversos em 19,2% dos consumidores de cafeína e 40,8% de energéticos. As dosagens de consumo dos produtos estavam dentro da faixa de segurança (< 6 mg/kg). Conclusão: O consumo de ambos produtos foi feito sem orientação profissional, porém, com dosagens dentro da faixa de segurança. O consumo de bebidas energéticas esteve voltado para atividades sociais e melhora da performance esportiva. Foram registrados efeitos ergolíticos.
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Reichert CF, Veitz S, Bühler M, Gruber G, Deuring G, Rehm SS, Rentsch K, Garbazza C, Meyer M, Slawik H, Lin YS, Weibel J. Wide awake at bedtime? Effects of caffeine on sleep and circadian timing in male adolescents - A randomized crossover trial. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 191:114283. [PMID: 33069664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents often suffer from short and mistimed sleep. To counteract the resulting daytime sleepiness they frequently consume caffeine. However, caffeine intake may exaggerate sleep problems by disturbing sleep and circadian timing. In a 28-hour double-blind randomized crossover study, we investigated to what extent caffeine disturbs slow-wave sleep (SWS) and delays circadian timing in teenagers. Following a 6-day ambulatory phase of caffeine abstinence and fixed sleep-wake cycles, 18 male teenagers (14-17 years old) ingested 80 mg caffeine vs. placebo in the laboratory four hours prior to an electro-encephalographically (EEG) recorded nighttime sleep episode. Data were analyzed using both frequentist and Bayesian statistics. The analyses suggest that subjective sleepiness is reduced after caffeine compared to placebo. However, we did not observe a strong caffeine-induced reduction in subjective sleep quality or SWS, but rather a high inter-individual variability in caffeine-induced SWS changes. Exploratory analyses suggest that particularly those individuals with a higher level of SWS during placebo reduced SWS in response to caffeine. Regarding salivary melatonin onsets, caffeine-induced delays were not evident at group level, and only observed in participants exposed to a higher caffeine dose relative to individual bodyweight (i.e., a dose > 1.3 mg/kg). Together, the results suggest that 80 mg caffeine are sufficient to induce alertness at a subjective level. However, particularly teenagers with a strong need for deep sleep might pay for these subjective benefits by a loss of SWS during the night. Thus, caffeine-induced sleep-disruptions might change along with the maturation of sleep need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin F Reichert
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Simon Veitz
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Bühler
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Gunnar Deuring
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sophia S Rehm
- Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Rentsch
- Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Corrado Garbazza
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Meyer
- Clinical Sleep Laboratory, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Helen Slawik
- Clinical Sleep Laboratory, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yu-Shiuan Lin
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Neuropsychiatry and Brain Imaging, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Janine Weibel
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Sikalidis AK, Kelleher AH, Maykish A, Kristo AS. Non-Alcoholic Beverages, Old and Novel, and Their Potential Effects on Human Health, with a Focus on Hydration and Cardiometabolic Health. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2020; 56:E490. [PMID: 32977648 PMCID: PMC7598257 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56100490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Beverage Guidance System has established dietary recommendations for daily intake of commonly consumed beverages including water, tea, coffee, milk, non-calorically sweetened beverages, and calorically sweetened beverages. As obesity in America continues to be a growing problem, this guidance becomes of increasing importance due to many beverages' potential links to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), Cardiovascular disease (CVD), and numerous other harmful health effects. However, the growing popularity of "better for you" beverages is causing a shift in the market, with consumers pushing for healthier beverage alternatives. Beverages simultaneously present advantages while posing concerns that need to be evaluated and considered. In this review, health effects of nonalcoholic beverages are discussed including various aspects of consumption and current trends of the beverage market such as the novel Soft Seltzer category as an alternative to Hard Seltzer and various mashups. A variety of advisory boards and agencies responsible for dietary guidelines in various countries suggest drinking water as the preferred practice for hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelos K. Sikalidis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; (A.H.K.); (A.M.); (A.S.K.)
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Lebacq T, Desnouck V, Dujeu M, Holmberg E, Pedroni C, Castetbon K. Determinants of energy drink consumption in adolescents: identification of sex-specific patterns. Public Health 2020; 185:182-188. [PMID: 32645505 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate sex differences in sociodemographic and lifestyle correlates of frequent energy drink (ED) consumption in adolescents. STUDY DESIGN This study was based on data collected among French-speaking Belgian adolescents aged 11-20 years (n = 8137) within the 2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. METHODS Multiple logistic analyses stratified by sex were performed to estimate the associations between consuming EDs more than once a week, and various sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. RESULTS Overall, 14.0% of boys and 7.6% of girls consumed ED more than once a week. For both genders, the likelihood of consuming ED more than once a week was higher among adolescents consuming soft drinks daily (vs. < daily), alcohol weekly (vs. < weekly), spending at least 5 h/day in front of screens (vs. < 5 h/day), and going to bed later than 11:30 PM (vs. ≤ 10:00 PM). Among boys, adolescents reporting at least 1 h of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) daily (vs. < 1 h/day MVPA) were more likely to consume ED more than once a week (adjusted odd ratio (aOR) = 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-2.01)). Among girls, adolescents from low affluence families (vs. high affluence) (aOR = 2.03 (95% CI 1.19-3.48)) and immigrants (vs. natives) (2nd generation: aOR = 1.75 (95% CI 1.31-2.32); 1st generation: aOR = 1.90 (95% CI 1.20-3.03)) were more likely to consume ED more than once a week. CONCLUSIONS We identified different patterns of ED consumption in boys and girls. These results suggest that sex-tailored interventions could be relevant to reduce ED consumption in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lebacq
- Université libre de Bruxelles, School of Public Health, Route de Lennik 808, CP 598, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - V Desnouck
- Université libre de Bruxelles, School of Public Health, Route de Lennik 808, CP 598, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Dujeu
- Université libre de Bruxelles, School of Public Health, Route de Lennik 808, CP 598, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Holmberg
- Université libre de Bruxelles, School of Public Health, Route de Lennik 808, CP 598, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Pedroni
- Université libre de Bruxelles, School of Public Health, Route de Lennik 808, CP 598, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Castetbon
- Université libre de Bruxelles, School of Public Health, Route de Lennik 808, CP 598, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
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Cusick CN, Langberg JM, Breaux R, Green CD, Becker SP. Caffeine Use and Associations With Sleep in Adolescents With and Without ADHD. J Pediatr Psychol 2020; 45:643-653. [PMID: 32386419 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare caffeine consumption in the morning, afternoon, and evening in adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and examine associations with sleep functioning. METHODS Participants were 302 adolescents (ages 12-14) with (N = 140) and without (N = 162) ADHD. Adolescents wore actigraph watches to assess total sleep time and wake after sleep onset and reported on sleep-wake problems and the number of caffeinated beverages consumed per day in the morning, afternoon, and evening. Parents reported on adolescents' difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep. Chi-square tests, odds ratios, and path analyses were conducted. RESULTS Analyses controlled for sex, medication status, and pubertal development. Adolescents with ADHD were 2.47 times more likely to consume caffeine in the afternoon and evening than adolescents without ADHD. Path analyses indicated significant associations between afternoon caffeine use and more self-reported sleep problems for adolescents with and without ADHD, and an association between evening caffeine use and self-reported sleep problems only in adolescents with ADHD. Afternoon caffeine use was associated with parent-reported sleep problems in adolescents with ADHD only. Caffeine use was not associated with actigraphy-assessed sleep. CONCLUSION This is the first study to show that adolescents with ADHD consume more caffeine than peers during later times of the day. Additionally, caffeine use is more consistently associated with poorer subjective sleep functioning in adolescents with ADHD. Pediatricians and mental health professionals should assess for caffeine use in adolescents with ADHD and co-occurring sleep problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rosanna Breaux
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
| | | | - Stephen P Becker
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
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Anastopoulos I, Katsouromalli A, Pashalidis I. Oxidized biochar obtained from pine needles as a novel adsorbent to remove caffeine from aqueous solutions. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Clark NW, Wells AJ, Coker NA, Goldstein ER, Herring CH, Starling-Smith TM, Varanoske AN, Panissa VLG, Stout JR, Fukuda DH. The acute effects of thermogenic fitness drink formulas containing 140 mg and 100 mg of caffeine on energy expenditure and fat metabolism at rest and during exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2020; 17:10. [PMID: 32054486 PMCID: PMC7020555 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-0341-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thermogenic fitness drink formulas (TFD) have been shown to increase energy expenditure and markers of lipid metabolism. The purpose of the current study was to compare TFD formulas containing different caffeine concentrations versus a placebo drink on energy expenditure and lipid metabolism at rest and during exercise. METHODS Thirty-two recreationally active participants (22.9 ± 0.7 y, 167.1 ± 1.4 cm, 68.8 ± 2.0 kg, 24.0 ± 1.2% fat) who were regular caffeine consumers, participated in this randomized, double-blind, crossover design study. Participants reported to the laboratory on three occasions, each of which required consumption of either a TFD containing 140 mg or 100 mg of caffeine or a placebo. Baseline measurements of resting energy expenditure (REE) and resting fat oxidation (RFO) were assessed using indirect calorimetry as well as measurements of serum glycerol concentration. Measurements were repeated at 30, 60, 90 min post-ingestion. Following resting measures, participants completed a graded exercise test to determine maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), maximal fat oxidation (MFO) and the exercise intensity that elicits MFO (Fatmax), and total energy expenditure (EE). RESULTS A significant interaction was shown for REE (p < 0.01) and RFO (p < 0.01). Area under the curve analysis showed an increased REE for the 140 mg compared to the 100 mg formula (p = 0.02) and placebo (p < 0.01) and an increased REE for the 100 mg formula compared to placebo (p = 0.02). RFO significantly decreased for caffeinated formulas at 30 min post ingestion compared to placebo and baseline (p < 0.01) and significantly increased for the 140 mg formula at 60 min post-ingestion (p = 0.03). A main effect was shown for serum glycerol concentrations over time (p < 0.01). No significant differences were shown for V̇O2max (p = 0.12), Fatmax (p = 0.22), and MFO (p = 0.05), and EE (p = 0.08) across drinks. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that TFD formulas containing 100 and 140 mg of caffeine are effective in increasing REE and that a 40 mg of caffeine difference between the tested formulas may impact REE and RFO in healthy individuals within 60 min of ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas W Clark
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Adam J Wells
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Nicholas A Coker
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Erica R Goldstein
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Chad H Herring
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Tristan M Starling-Smith
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Alyssa N Varanoske
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Valeria L G Panissa
- Department of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey R Stout
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - David H Fukuda
- School of Kinesiology and Physical Therapy, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA.
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Sylvetsky AC, Parnarouskis L, Merkel PE, Gearhardt AN. Children's Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption: Striking Parallels With Substance Use Disorder Symptoms. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:594513. [PMID: 33282802 PMCID: PMC7689136 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.594513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Allison C Sylvetsky
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Patrick E Merkel
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ashley N Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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ALVES AC, MEINHART AD, TEIXEIRA FILHO J, GODOY HT. Development of a method for simultaneous analysis of caffeine and taurine in energy drinks by micellar electrokinetic chromatography with diode-array detector. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.23818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abou-Atme YS, Melis M, Zawawi KH. Efficacy and safety of acetaminophen and caffeine for the management of acute dental pain: A systematic review. Saudi Dent J 2019; 31:417-423. [PMID: 31695292 PMCID: PMC6823759 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Because the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids has several restrictions, this review evaluates the efficacy and safety of acetaminophen and caffeine for the management of dental pain. METHODS A search of the literature was carried out looking for randomized controlled trials on the use of acetaminophen and caffeine for the management of dental pain, performed on humans and written in English, Italian, French or Arabic languages. The following databases were searched: PubMed, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Ovid Medline and Scopus. RESULTS Three controlled clinical trials were retrieved and evaluated by using the Study Quality Assessment Tool of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. CONCLUSION The use of acetaminophen and caffeine appears to be effective in achieving good control of acute dental pain compared to placebo and other analgesic medications, but clinical recommendations cannot be made for the limited number of studies assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcello Melis
- Cagliari, Italy
- School of Dentistry, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Khalid H. Zawawi
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Selected Literature Watch. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1089/caff.2019.29013.slw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Althoff RR, Novins DK. Inaugural Review Issue. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 58:6-7. [PMID: 30577939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Courtney and colleagues1 point out, in this issue of the Journal, that as the depth and complexity of the literature on children's mental health has grown, the challenges in synthesizing this literature and extracting its implications for science, practice, and policy have become more complicated. The vastness of our literature is breathtaking. Authors of the six review articles included in this issue of the Journal assessed a total of over 2,700 articles to construct their reviews. Although the ability to search our literature remains a critical core competency, our need for review articles has never been greater.
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