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Ransegnola BP, Pattarabanjird T, McNamara CA. Tipping the Scale: Atheroprotective IgM-Producing B Cells in Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1906-1915. [PMID: 39022832 PMCID: PMC11338718 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.319847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease whose progression is fueled by proinflammatory moieties and limited by anti-inflammatory mediators. Whereas oxidative damage and the generation of oxidation-specific epitopes that act as damage-associated molecular patterns are highly inflammatory, IgM antibodies produced by B-1 and marginal zone B cells counteract unrestricted inflammation by neutralizing and encouraging clearance of these proinflammatory signals. In this review, we focus on describing the identities of IgM-producing B cells in both mice and humans, elaborating the mechanisms underlying IgM production, and discussing the potential strategies to augment the production of atheroprotective IgM. In addition, we will discuss promising therapeutic interventions in humans to help tip the scale toward augmentation of IgM production and to provide atheroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Patrick Ransegnola
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Beirne B. Carter Immunology Center, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Tanyaporn Pattarabanjird
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Beirne B. Carter Immunology Center, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Coleen A. McNamara
- Beirne B. Carter Immunology Center, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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2
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Groenen AG, Matveyenko A, Matienzo N, Halmos B, Zhang H, Westerterp M, Reyes-Soffer G. Apolipoprotein(a) production and clearance are associated with plasma IL-6 and IL-18 levels, dependent on ethnicity. Atherosclerosis 2024; 391:117474. [PMID: 38428286 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS High plasma lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] levels are associated with increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), in part attributed to elevated inflammation. High plasma Lp(a) levels inversely correlate with apolipoprotein (a) [(APO(a)] isoform size. APO(a) isoform size is negatively associated with APO(a) production rate (PR) and positively associated with APO(a) fractional catabolic rate (FCR). We asked whether APO(a) PR and FCR (kinetics) are associated with plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-18, pro-inflammatory interleukins that promote ASCVD. METHODS We used samples from existing data of APO(a) kinetic studies from an ethnically diverse cohort (n = 25: 10 Black, 9 Hispanic, and 6 White subjects) and assessed IL-6 and IL-18 plasma levels. We performed multivariate linear regression analyses to examine the relationships between predictors APO(a) PR or APO(a) FCR, and outcome variables IL-6 or IL-18. In these analyses, we adjusted for parameters known to affect Lp(a) levels and APO(a) PR and FCR, including race/ethnicity and APO(a) isoform size. RESULTS APO(a) PR and FCR were positively associated with plasma IL-6, independent of isoform size, and dependent on race/ethnicity. APO(a) PR was positively associated with plasma IL-18, independent of isoform size and race/ethnicity. APO(a) FCR was not associated with plasma IL-18. CONCLUSIONS Our studies demonstrate a relationship between APO(a) PR and FCR and plasma IL-6 or IL-18, interleukins that promote ASCVD. These studies provide new insights into Lp(a) pro-inflammatory properties and are especially relevant in view of therapies targeting APO(a) to decrease cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk G Groenen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anastasiya Matveyenko
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nelsa Matienzo
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benedek Halmos
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Division of Cardiology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marit Westerterp
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Gissette Reyes-Soffer
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, New York, NY, USA.
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Zhang Y, Qi X, Wang S, Zhang W, Yang R, Wang X, Chen W, Ji F, Dong J, Yu X. Serum immunoglobulin M is associated with the severity of coronary artery disease in adults. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17012. [PMID: 38464758 PMCID: PMC10921929 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) and the severity of coronary artery disease in Chinese patients who underwent coronary angiography. Methods A total of 2,045 patients who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) from March 2017 to March 2020 at Beijing Hospital were included in this study. Serum IgM concentration and biochemical indicators were measured before coronary angiography (CAG). The triquartile IgM levels at baseline in the population were analysed. Spearman rank correlation was used to analyse the association between IgM and traditional risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD patients were divided into subgroups by affected area, number of affected vessels, and Gensini score to analyse the relationship between IgM and CAD severity. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between IgM and CAD severity. Results Serum IgM levels were significantly lower in the CAD group (63.5 mg/dL) than in the non-coronary artery disease (NCAD) group (72.3 mg/dL) (P < 0.001). Serum IgM levels were significantly associated with sex. Serum IgM levels were positively correlated with traditional CAD risk factors such as TG, TC and LDL-C (P < 0.05), and negatively associated with the number of obstructed vessels, the number of affected areas, and Gensini scores. After adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, stroke, and statin use history, a high IgM level was independently negatively associated with the severity of CAD expressed by the Gensini score. Conclusion We determined that serum IgM was independently negatively associated with the severity of CAD diagnosed by angiography in Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qing Dao, Shan Dong, China
| | - Xi Qi
- Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fusui Ji
- Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Dong
- Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Yu
- Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Prolonged or excessive exposure to oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs) generates chronic inflammation. OxPLs are present in atherosclerotic lesions and can be detected in plasma on apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins. When initially conceptualized, OxPL-apoB measurement in plasma was expected to reflect the concentration of minimally oxidized LDL, but, surprisingly, it correlated more strongly with plasma lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) levels. Indeed, experimental and clinical studies show that Lp(a) particles carry the largest fraction of OxPLs among apoB-containing lipoproteins. Plasma OxPL-apoB levels provide diagnostic information on the presence and extent of atherosclerosis and improve the prognostication of peripheral artery disease and first and recurrent myocardial infarction and stroke. The addition of OxPL-apoB measurements to traditional cardiovascular risk factors improves risk reclassification, particularly in patients in intermediate risk categories, for whom improving decision-making is most impactful. Moreover, plasma OxPL-apoB levels predict cardiovascular events with similar or greater accuracy than plasma Lp(a) levels, probably because this measurement reflects both the genetics of elevated Lp(a) levels and the generalized or localized oxidation that modifies apoB-containing lipoproteins and leads to inflammation. Plasma OxPL-apoB levels are reduced by Lp(a)-lowering therapy with antisense oligonucleotides and by lipoprotein apheresis, niacin therapy and bariatric surgery. In this Review, we discuss the role of role OxPLs in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and Lp(a) atherogenicity, and the use of OxPL-apoB measurement for improving prognosis, risk reclassification and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Tsimikas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Joseph L Witztum
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Pattarabanjird T, Srikakulapu P, Ransegnola B, Marshall MA, Ghosheh Y, Gulati R, Durant C, Drago F, Taylor AM, Ley K, McNamara CA. Single-cell profiling of CD11c+ B cells in atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1296668. [PMID: 38259450 PMCID: PMC10800418 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1296668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating CD11c+ B cells, a novel subset of activated B cells, have been linked to autoimmunity and shown to expand with age. Atherosclerosis is an age-associated disease that involves innate and adaptive immune responses to modified self-antigens. Yet, the expression of CD11c on specific B-cell subtypes and its link to atherosclerosis are poorly understood. In this study, we characterized the frequency of CD11c+ B cells in tissues in mice with aging. We observed an age-associated increase in CD11c+ B cells in the spleen and bone marrow of ApoE-/- mice, and this was associated with an increase in aortic plaque. In addition, we also utilized single-cell multi-omics profiling of 60 human subjects undergoing advanced imaging for coronary artery disease (CAD) to subtype CD11c+ B cells and determine their frequency in subjects with high and low severity of CAD. Using unsupervised clustering, we identified four distinct clusters of CD11c+ B cells, which include CD27 and IgD double negative 2 (DN2), age-associated (ABC), CD11c+ unswitched memory (USWM), and activated Naïve (aNav) B cells. We observed an increase in the frequency of both ABC B cells and DN2 B cells in patients with high CAD severity. Pathway analysis further demonstrated augmentation of autophagy, IFNg signaling, and TLR signaling in DN2 cells in high-severity CAD patients. On the other hand, an increase in the negative regulator of BCR signaling through CD72 was found in ABC cells in low-severity CAD patients. Through investigating scRNAseq of atheroma, these DN2 cells were also found to infiltrate human coronary atheroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanyaporn Pattarabanjird
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Prasad Srikakulapu
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Brett Ransegnola
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Melissa A. Marshall
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Yanal Ghosheh
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Rishab Gulati
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Fabrizio Drago
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Angela M. Taylor
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Klaus Ley
- Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Coleen A. McNamara
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Papamichail GV, Georgiadis AN, Tellis CC, Rapti I, Markatseli TE, Xydis VG, Tselepis AD, Drosos AA, Voulgari PV. Antibodies against oxidized LDL and atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with biological agents: a prospective controlled study. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:481-488. [PMID: 37642764 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06744-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the relation among atherosclerosis, antibodies against oxidized LDL (anti-oxLDL), and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients treated with biological (b) disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). METHODS Fifty-nine patients who were receiving conventional synthetic DMARDs and were eligible for treatment with a biological agent were included in the study. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and IgG antibodies against oxidized LDL (anti-oxLDL) as well as carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) were determined before and after 6 months of treatment. Thirty-one healthy individuals were used as a control group. RESULTS At baseline, RA patients had lower TC and HDL-C levels and increased cIMT compared to controls. After a 6-month follow-up, the re-evaluation of carotids revealed a statistically important decrease of cIMT values. This observation was accompanied by a statistically important elevation of HDL-C levels and a reduction of the titer of anti-oxLDL antibodies regardless of the bDMARD that was administered. No statistically significant association was found between the cIMT and anti-oxLDL, HDL-C, CRP, or DAS28 score neither before nor 6 months after treatment using linear regression analyses adjusted for age and gender. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that atherogenic lipid profile and ongoing atherosclerosis which characterize RA patients appear to improve after biological therapy, and we also suggest a possible atherogenic effect of IgG anti-ox LDL antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Papamichail
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - A N Georgiadis
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - C C Tellis
- Atherothrombosis Research Centre/Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - I Rapti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - T E Markatseli
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - V G Xydis
- Department of Radiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - A D Tselepis
- Atherothrombosis Research Centre/Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - A A Drosos
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - P V Voulgari
- Rheumatology Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
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7
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Attia J, Horvat JC, Hunter T, Hansbro PM, Hure A, Peel R, Ren S, Dizon J, Chiu S, Srikusalanukul W, Greenough R, Abhayaratna WP. Persistence of Detectable Anti-Pneumococcal Antibodies 4 Years After Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccination in a Randomised Controlled Trial: The Australian Study for the Prevention through Immunisation of Cardiovascular Events (AUSPICE). Heart Lung Circ 2023; 32:1378-1385. [PMID: 37919117 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Mouse models have indicated that the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) can reduce atherosclerosis. This is probably through a process of molecular mimicry, where phosphorylcholine in the capsular polysaccharide of the vaccine elicits antibodies that cross-react with oxidised low-density lipoprotein and reduce plaque. We investigated whether a similar mechanism occurs in humans. METHODS A large national blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of the PPV (Australian Study for the Prevention through Immunisation of Cardiovascular Events [AUSPICE]) is underway with fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) events as the primary outcome. Participants at one centre agreed to a substudy measuring a number of biomarkers and surrogates of CVD over 4 years, including anti-pneumococcal antibodies (immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M), C-reactive protein, carotid intima-media thickness, pulse wave velocity, insulin, fasting blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin, and hepatorenal index. RESULTS Antipneumococcal immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M were both present and statistically significantly increased in the treated group compared to control at 4 years. However, there were no differences in any of the surrogate measures of CVD or metabolic markers at 4 years. CONCLUSIONS While there were prolonged differences in anti-pneumococcal antibody titres following PPV vaccination, these did not appear to provide any cardioprotective effect, as measured by a range of markers. Final results using the fatal and nonfatal CVD events await the completion of national health record linkage next year. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12615000536561.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Attia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Department of Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Tegan Hunter
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Centenary UTS Centre for Inflammation, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexis Hure
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Roseanne Peel
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Shu Ren
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Joshua Dizon
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Chiu
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Wichat Srikusalanukul
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Walter P Abhayaratna
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Pattarabanjird T, Nguyen AT, McSkimming C, Dinh HQ, Marshall MA, Ghosheh Y, Gulati R, Durant C, Vallejo J, Saigusa R, Drago F, Guy TV, Premo K, Taylor AM, Paul S, Kundu B, Berr S, Gonen A, Tsimikas S, Miller Y, Pillai S, Ley K, Hedrick CC, McNamara CA. Human circulating CD24 hi marginal zone B cells produce IgM targeting atherogenic antigens and confer protection from vascular disease. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2023; 2:1003-1014. [PMID: 39196097 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-023-00356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
IgMs that inactivate oxidation-specific epitopes (IgMOSE), which are secondary products of lipid peroxidization, protect against inflammatory diseases, including diet-induced atherosclerosis. However, the human B cell subtype that produces IgMOSE remains unknown. In this study, we used single-cell mass cytometry and adoptive transfer of B cell subtypes to NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice to identify B27+IgM+CD24hi cells as the major producers of IgMOSE in humans. Notably, these cells have characteristics of human circulatory marginal zone B (MZB) cells, which are known to be atheoroprotective IgM producers in mice. CD24 antibody treatment to reduce MZB cells and IgM in a hyperlipidemic humanized mouse model provides the evidence that MZB cells protect against vascular inflammation. Consistent with these findings, the frequency of B27+IgM+CD24hi cells (MZB) in patients inversely correlates with coronary artery disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanyaporn Pattarabanjird
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Anh Tram Nguyen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Chantel McSkimming
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Huy Q Dinh
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Melissa A Marshall
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fabrizio Drago
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Thomas V Guy
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Angela M Taylor
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Soumen Paul
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Bijoy Kundu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stuart Berr
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ayelet Gonen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yury Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shiv Pillai
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Coleen A McNamara
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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9
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Taleb A, Willeit P, Amir S, Perkmann T, Kozma MO, Watzenböck ML, Binder CJ, Witztum JL, Tsimikas S. High immunoglobulin-M levels to oxidation-specific epitopes are associated with lower risk of acute myocardial infarction. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100391. [PMID: 37211249 PMCID: PMC10275726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) autoantibodies to oxidation-specific epitopes (OSEs) can be present at birth and protect against atherosclerosis in experimental models. This study sought to determine whether high titers of IgM titers to OSE (IgM OSE) are associated with a lower risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in humans. IgM to malondialdehyde (MDA)-LDL, phosphocholine-modified BSA, IgM apolipoprotein B100-immune complexes, and a peptide mimotope of MDA were measured within 24 h of first AMI in 4,559 patients and 4,617 age- and sex-matched controls in the Pakistan Risk of Myocardial Infarction Study. Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval for AMI. All four IgM OSEs were lower in AMI versus controls (P < 0.001 for all). Males, smokers and individuals with hypertension and diabetes had lower levels of all four IgM OSE than unaffected individuals (P < 0.001 for all). Compared to the lowest quintile, the highest quintiles of IgM MDA-LDL, phosphocholine-modified BSA, IgM apolipoprotein B100-immune complexes, and MDA mimotope P1 had a lower OR of AMI: OR (95% confidence interval) of 0.67 (0.58-0.77), 0.64 (0.56-0.73), 0.70 (0.61-0.80) and 0.72 (0.62-0.82) (P < 0.001 for all), respectively. Upon the addition of IgM OSE to conventional risk factors, the C-statistic improved by 0.0062 (0.0028-0.0095) and net reclassification by 15.5% (11.4-19.6). These findings demonstrate that IgM OSE provides clinically meaningful information and supports the hypothesis that higher levels of IgM OSE may be protective against AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Taleb
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vascular Medicine Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Peter Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shahzada Amir
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Perkmann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Austria
| | - Maria Ozsvar Kozma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Austria
| | - Martin L Watzenböck
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Austria
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Austria
| | - Joseph L Witztum
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vascular Medicine Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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10
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Burdeynaya AL, Afanasieva OI, Ezhov MV, Klesareva EA, Saidova MA, Pokrovsky SN. Lipoprotein(a) and Its Autoantibodies in Association with Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis. Diseases 2023; 11:diseases11010043. [PMID: 36975592 PMCID: PMC10047835 DOI: 10.3390/diseases11010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic valve stenosis is the most common valvular heart disease in the Western world. Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is an independent risk factor of coronary heart disease (CHD) and calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS). The aim of this study was to assess the role of Lp(a) and its autoantibodies [autoAbs] in CAVS in patients with and without CHD. We included 250 patients (mean age 69 ± 3 years, males 42%) and divided them into three groups. There were two groups of patients with CAVS depending on the presence (group 1) or absence of CHD (group 2). The control group included the patients without CHD or CAVS. According to logistic regression analysis, levels of Lp(a), IgM autoAbs to oxidized Lp(a) (oxLp(a)), and age were independent predictors of CAVS. A concomitant increase in Lp(a) level (≥30 mg/dL) and a decrease in IgM autoAbs concentration (<9.9 lab. Units) are associated with CAVS with an odds ratio (OR) of 6.4, p < 0.01, and with CAVS and CHD with an OR of 17.3, p < 0.001. IgM autoantibodies to oxLp(a) are associated with calcific aortic valve stenosis regardless of Lp(a) concentration and other risk factors. Higher Lp(a) and lower IgM autoantibodies to oxLp(a) levels are associated with a much higher risk of calcific aortic valve stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Burdeynaya
- Laboratory of Lipid Disorders, Department of Atherosclerosis, A.L. Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology, Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga I. Afanasieva
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis, Institute of Experimental Cardiology Named after Academician V.N. Smirnov, Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marat V. Ezhov
- Laboratory of Lipid Disorders, Department of Atherosclerosis, A.L. Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology, Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Elena A. Klesareva
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis, Institute of Experimental Cardiology Named after Academician V.N. Smirnov, Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina A. Saidova
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnostics, A.L. Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology, Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey N. Pokrovsky
- Laboratory of Atherosclerosis, Institute of Experimental Cardiology Named after Academician V.N. Smirnov, Federal State Budgetary Institution National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia
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11
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Girard A, Gaillard E, Puri R, Capoulade R, Chan KL, Paulin A, Manikpurage HD, Dumesnil J, Tam JW, Teo KK, Couture C, Wareham NJ, Clavel MA, Stroes ESG, Mathieu P, Thériault S, Tsimikas S, Pibarot P, Boekholdt SM, Arsenault BJ. Impact of C-reactive protein levels on lipoprotein(a)-associated aortic stenosis incidence and progression. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL OPEN 2023; 3:oead032. [PMID: 37077580 PMCID: PMC10108885 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oead032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Aims Elevated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels are associated with the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS). Observational studies revealed that Lp(a) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, a biomarker of systemic inflammation, may jointly predict CAD risk. Whether Lp(a) and CRP levels also jointly predict CAVS incidence and progression is unknown. Methods and results We investigated the association of Lp(a) with CAVS according to CRP levels in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Norfolk study (n = 18 226, 406 incident cases) and the UK Biobank (n = 438 260, 4582 incident cases), as well as in the ASTRONOMER study (n = 220), which assessed the haemodynamic progression rate of pre-existing mild-to-moderate aortic stenosis. In EPIC-Norfolk, in comparison to individuals with low Lp(a) levels (<50 mg/dL) and low CRP levels (<2.0 mg/L), those with elevated Lp(a) (>50 mg/dL) and low CRP levels (<2.0 mg/L) and those with elevated Lp(a) (>50 mg/dL) and elevated CRP levels (>2.0 mg/L) had a higher CAVS risk [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.86 (95% confidence intervals, 1.30-2.67) and 2.08 (1.44-2.99), respectively]. A comparable predictive value of Lp(a) in patients with vs. without elevated CRP levels was also noted in the UK Biobank. In ASTRONOMER, CAVS progression was comparable in patients with elevated Lp(a) levels with or without elevated CRP levels. Conclusion Lp(a) predicts the incidence and possibly progression of CAVS regardless of plasma CRP levels. Lowering Lp(a) levels may warrant further investigation in the prevention and treatment of CAVS, regardless of systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Girard
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Emilie Gaillard
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Rishi Puri
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Romain Capoulade
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, F-44000 Nantes, 44007, France
| | - Kwan L Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Audrey Paulin
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Hasanga D Manikpurage
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Jean Dumesnil
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - James W Tam
- Department of Medicine, St. Boniface General Hospital, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Koon K Teo
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Christian Couture
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Marie-Annick Clavel
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Erik S G Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Mathieu
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sébastien Thériault
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Philippe Pibarot
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - S Matthijs Boekholdt
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Benoit J Arsenault
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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12
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Chen Y, Yuan Y, Zhang S, Yang S, Zhang J, Guo X, Huang W, Zhu Z, He M, Wang W. Retinal nerve fiber layer thinning as a novel fingerprint for cardiovascular events: results from the prospective cohorts in UK and China. BMC Med 2023; 21:24. [PMID: 36653845 PMCID: PMC9850527 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02728-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal structural abnormalities have been found to serve as biomarkers for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the association between retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and the incidence of CVD events remains inconclusive, and relevant longitudinal studies are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to examine this link in two prospective cohort studies. METHODS A total of 25,563 participants from UK Biobank who were initially free of CVD were included in the current study. Another 635 participants without retinopathy at baseline from the Chinese Guangzhou Diabetes Eye Study (GDES) were adopted as the validation set. Measurements of RNFL thickness in the macular (UK Biobank) and peripapillary (GDES) regions were obtained from optical coherence tomography (OCT). Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs), odd ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to quantify CVD risk. RESULTS Over a median follow-up period of 7.67 years, 1281 (5.01%) participants in UK Biobank developed CVD events. Each 5-μm decrease in macular RNFL thickness was associated with an 8% increase in incident CVD risk (HR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01-1.17, p = 0.033). Compared with participants in the highest tertile of RNFL thickness, the risk of incident CVD was significantly increased in participants in the lowest thickness tertile (HR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.01-1.38, p = 0.036). In GDES, 29 (4.57%) patients developed CVD events within 3 years. Lower average peripapillary RNFL thickness was also associated with a higher CVD risk (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.11-1.65, p = 0.003). The additive net reclassification improvement (NRI) was 21.8%, and the absolute NRI was 2.0% by addition of RNFL thickness over the Framingham risk score. Of 29 patients with incident CVD, 7 were correctly reclassified to a higher risk category while 1 was reclassified to a lower category, and 21 high risk patients were not reclassified. CONCLUSIONS RNFL thinning was independently associated with increased incident cardiovascular risk and improved reclassification capability, indicating RNFL thickness derived from the non-invasive OCT as a potential retinal fingerprint for CVD event across ethnicities and health conditions. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN 15853192.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixiong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaopeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyao Zhang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne. Level 7, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia
| | - Xiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoting Zhu
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne. Level 7, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.
| | - Mingguang He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China.
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne. Level 7, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China.
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13
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Simantiris S, Antonopoulos AS, Papastamos C, Benetos G, Koumallos N, Tsioufis K, Tousoulis D. Lipoprotein(a) and inflammation- pathophysiological links and clinical implications for cardiovascular disease. J Clin Lipidol 2023; 17:55-63. [PMID: 36333256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The role of lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) as a significant and possibly causal cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor has been well established. Many studies, mostly experimental, have supported inflammation as a mediator of Lp(a)-induced increase in CVD risk. Lp(a), mainly through oxidized phospholipids bound to its apolipoprotein(a) part, leads to monocyte activation and endothelial dysfunction. The relationship between Lp(a) and inflammation is bidirectional as Lp(a) levels, besides being associated with inflammatory properties, are regulated by inflammatory stimuli or anti-inflammatory treatment. Reduction of Lp(a) concentration, especially by potent siRNA agents, contributes to partial reversion of the Lp(a) related inflammatory profile. This review aims to present the current pathophysiological and clinical evidence of the relationship between Lp(a) and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Simantiris
- 1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vas. Sofias Avenue 114, Athens 11527, Greece (Drs Simantiris, Antonopoulos, Papastamos, Benetos, Tsioufis, and Tousoulis)
| | - Alexios S Antonopoulos
- 1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vas. Sofias Avenue 114, Athens 11527, Greece (Drs Simantiris, Antonopoulos, Papastamos, Benetos, Tsioufis, and Tousoulis)
| | - Charalampos Papastamos
- 1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vas. Sofias Avenue 114, Athens 11527, Greece (Drs Simantiris, Antonopoulos, Papastamos, Benetos, Tsioufis, and Tousoulis)
| | - Georgios Benetos
- 1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vas. Sofias Avenue 114, Athens 11527, Greece (Drs Simantiris, Antonopoulos, Papastamos, Benetos, Tsioufis, and Tousoulis)
| | - Nikolaos Koumallos
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece (Dr Koumallos)
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- 1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vas. Sofias Avenue 114, Athens 11527, Greece (Drs Simantiris, Antonopoulos, Papastamos, Benetos, Tsioufis, and Tousoulis)
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Cardiology Department, Hippokration Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vas. Sofias Avenue 114, Athens 11527, Greece (Drs Simantiris, Antonopoulos, Papastamos, Benetos, Tsioufis, and Tousoulis).
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14
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Alic L, Binder CJ, Papac-Milicevic N. The OSE complotype and its clinical potential. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1010893. [PMID: 36248824 PMCID: PMC9561429 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1010893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular death, aging, and tissue damage trigger inflammation that leads to enzymatic and non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids present on cellular membranes and lipoproteins. This results in the generation of highly reactive degradation products, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), that covalently modify free amino groups of proteins and lipids in their vicinity. These newly generated neoepitopes represent a unique set of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) associated with oxidative stress termed oxidation-specific epitopes (OSEs). OSEs are enriched on oxidized lipoproteins, microvesicles, and dying cells, and can trigger sterile inflammation. Therefore, prompt recognition and removal of OSEs is required to maintain the homeostatic balance. This is partially achieved by various humoral components of the innate immune system, such as natural IgM antibodies, pentraxins and complement components that not only bind OSEs but in some cases modulate their pro-inflammatory potential. Natural IgM antibodies are potent complement activators, and 30% of them recognize OSEs such as oxidized phosphocholine (OxPC-), 4-HNE-, and MDA-epitopes. Furthermore, OxPC-epitopes can bind the complement-activating pentraxin C-reactive protein, while MDA-epitopes are bound by C1q, C3a, complement factor H (CFH), and complement factor H-related proteins 1, 3, 5 (FHR-1, FHR-3, FHR-5). In addition, CFH and FHR-3 are recruited to 2-(ω-carboxyethyl)pyrrole (CEP), and full-length CFH also possesses the ability to attenuate 4-HNE-induced oxidative stress. Consequently, alterations in the innate humoral defense against OSEs predispose to the development of diseases associated with oxidative stress, as shown for the prototypical OSE, MDA-epitopes. In this mini-review, we focus on the mechanisms of the accumulation of OSEs, the pathophysiological consequences, and the interactions between different OSEs and complement components. Additionally, we will discuss the clinical potential of genetic variants in OSE-recognizing complement proteins – the OSE complotype - in the risk estimation of diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejla Alic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Christoph J. Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nikolina Papac-Milicevic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Nikolina Papac-Milicevic,
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15
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Kondakov A, Berdalin A, Beregov M, Lelyuk V. Emerging Nuclear Medicine Imaging of Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation. J Imaging 2022; 8:261. [PMID: 36286355 PMCID: PMC9605050 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging8100261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic widespread cardiovascular disease and a major predisposing factor for cardiovascular events, among which there are myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Atherosclerotic plaque formation is a process that involves different mechanisms, of which inflammation is the most common. Plenty of radiopharmaceuticals were developed to elucidate the process of plaque formation at different stages, some of which were highly specific for atherosclerotic plaque. This review summarizes the current nuclear medicine imaging landscape of preclinical and small-scale clinical studies of these specific RPs, which are not as widespread as labeled FDG, sodium fluoride, and choline. These include oxidation-specific epitope imaging, macrophage, and other cell receptors visualization, neoangiogenesis, and macrophage death imaging. It is shown that specific radiopharmaceuticals have strength in pathophysiologically sound imaging of the atherosclerotic plaques at different stages, but this also may induce problems with the signal registration for low-volume plaques in the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kondakov
- Ultrasound and Functional Diagnostics Department, Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, 117513 Moscow, Russia
- Radiology and Radiotherapy Department, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Berdalin
- Ultrasound and Functional Diagnostics Department, Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, 117513 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Beregov
- Ultrasound and Functional Diagnostics Department, Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, 117513 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Lelyuk
- Ultrasound and Functional Diagnostics Department, Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, 117513 Moscow, Russia
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16
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Xu L, Yan X, Tang Z, Feng B. Association between circulating oxidized OxLDL/LDL-C ratio and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis, along with other emerging biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 191:110040. [PMID: 35985428 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between circulating oxLDL/LDL-C ratio and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis, along with other emerging biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS We recruited 152 patients with type 2 diabetes for our study. ELISA measured the plasma levels of oxLDL and other biomarkers. The severity of coronary lesions was evaluated using Gensini scores, which were calculated based on results of coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA). All patients were allocated into four groups according to CCTA findings and Gensini score: normal group (score = 0), mild coronary atherosclerosis group (0 < scores ≤ 3), moderate coronary atherosclerosis group (3.01 ≤ scores ≤ 32.67) and severe coronary atherosclerosis group (32.68 ≤ scores ≤ 180). Association between the oxLDL/LDL-C ratio and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis were evaluated using logistic regression models. RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the oxLDL/LDL-C ratio was positively associated with severity of coronary atherosclerosis (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.31-3.14, p < 0.01). Interleukin 33 (IL33) correlated positively with oxLDL/LDL-C ratio (r = 0.274, p < 0.01). However, vascular cell adhesion molecular-1 (VCAM-1) had similar trends with oxLDL/LDL-C ratio in these 4 groups. CONCLUSIONS OxLDL/LDL-C ratio is considered as a potential biomarker in patients with diabetes for early recognition and intervention of severe coronary atherosclerosis, and will be more effective if tested IL33 and VCAM-1 at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xinfeng Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zhaosheng Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
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17
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Clarke R, Hammami I, Sherliker P, Valdes-Marquez E, Watkins H, Hill M, Yang X, Tsimikas S, Hopewell JC. Oxidized phospholipids on apolipoprotein B-100 versus plasminogen and risk of coronary heart disease in the PROCARDIS study. Atherosclerosis 2022; 354:15-22. [PMID: 35803063 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Oxidized phospholipids carried on the apolipoprotein B-100 (OxPL-apoB) component of Lp(a) are predictive of coronary heart disease (CHD), but the role of oxidized phospholipids carried on plasminogen (OxPL-PLG) is unknown. We examined the independent effects of OxPL-apoB and OxPL-PLG for risk of CHD before and after adjustment for Lp(a). METHODS Plasma levels of OxPL-apoB, OxPL-PLG, plasminogen and Lp(a) were measured in the PROCARDIS study of early-onset CHD (906 cases/858 controls). Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) for each biomarker with CHD after adjustment for established risk factors. RESULTS Mean levels of OxPL-apoB were higher in cases than controls, but levels of OxPL-PLG and plasminogen were similar. For OxPL-apoB, individuals in the top vs bottom fifth had 2-fold higher age and sex-adjusted OR of CHD (OR = 2.61 [95%CI: 1.91, 3.55]), which were partially attenuated after adjustment for established risk factors. The findings for OxPL-apoB and CHD in PROCARDIS were comparable with those of a meta-analysis of all such studies. However, the associations of OxPL-apoB with CHD were fully attenuated by additional adjustment for Lp(a) (OR = 0.93 [0.54,1.60]). Neither OxPL-PLG nor plasminogen were associated with CHD. Overall, there were no differences in the predictive value for CHD of high vs normal levels (<20th or >80th percentile) of OxPL-apoB, OxPL-PLG, plasminogen or Lp(a) after stratifying for each other. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the context-dependency of OxPL in plasma and suggest that their associated risk of CHD is chiefly mediated by their carriage on Lp(a).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Clarke
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Imen Hammami
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Sherliker
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elsa Valdes-Marquez
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Hill
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Jemma C Hopewell
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Patel N, Mittal N, Choubdar PA, Taub PR. Lipoprotein(a)—When to Screen and How to Treat. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-022-00698-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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19
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Smeets D, Gisterå A, Malin SG, Tsiantoulas D. The Spectrum of B Cell Functions in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:864602. [PMID: 35497984 PMCID: PMC9051234 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.864602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells are a core element of the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Multiple experimental and epidemiological studies have revealed both protective and deleterious functions of B cells in atherosclerotic plaque formation. The spearhead property of B cells that influences the development of atherosclerosis is their unique ability to produce and secrete high amounts of antigen-specific antibodies that can act at distant sites. Exposure to an atherogenic milieu impacts B cell homeostasis, cell differentiation and antibody production. However, it is not clear whether B cell responses in atherosclerosis are instructed by atherosclerosis-specific antigens (ASA). Dissecting the full spectrum of the B cell properties in atherosclerosis will pave the way for designing innovative therapies against the devastating consequences of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diede Smeets
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anton Gisterå
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen G. Malin
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dimitrios Tsiantoulas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Dimitrios Tsiantoulas,
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20
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Koutsogianni AD, Liberopoulos E, Tellis K, Tselepis AD. Oxidized phospholipids and lipoprotein(a): An update. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13710. [PMID: 34837383 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, there has been an undiminished interest in lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs), mainly carried on this lipoprotein. Elevated Lp(a) has been established as an independent causal risk factor for cardiovascular disease. OxPLs play an important role in atherosclerosis. The main questions that remain to be answered, however, is to what extent OxPLs contribute to the atherogenicity of Lp(a), what effect hypolipidaemic medications may have on their levels and the potential clinical benefit of their reduction. This narrative review aimed to summarize currently available data on OxPLs and cardiovascular risk, as well as the effect of established and emerging hypolipidaemic medications on Lp(a)-OxPLs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evangelos Liberopoulos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tellis
- Department of Chemistry, Atherothrombosis Research Centre/Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexandros D Tselepis
- Department of Chemistry, Atherothrombosis Research Centre/Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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21
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Ren S, Hansbro PM, Srikusalanukul W, Horvat JC, Hunter T, Brown AC, Peel R, Faulkner J, Evans TJ, Li SC, Newby D, Hure A, Abhayaratna WP, Tsimikas S, Gonen A, Witztum JL, Attia J, Hansbro PM, Peel R, Srikusalanukul W, Abhayaratna W, Newby D, Hure A, D'Este C, Tonkin A, Hopper I, Thrift A, Levi C, Sturm J, Durrheim D, Hung J, Briffa T, Chew D, Anderson P, Moon L, McEvoy M, Attia J. Generation of cardio-protective antibodies after pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine: Early results from a randomised controlled trial. Atherosclerosis 2022; 346:68-74. [PMID: 35290813 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Observational studies have demonstrated that the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular events. This may be mediated through IgM antibodies to OxLDL, which have previously been associated with cardioprotective effects. The Australian Study for the Prevention through Immunisation of Cardiovascular Events (AUSPICE) is a double-blind, randomised controlled trial (RCT) of PPV in preventing ischaemic events. Participants received PPV or placebo once at baseline and are being followed-up for incident fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke over 6 years. METHODS A subgroup of participants at one centre (Canberra; n = 1,001) were evaluated at 1 month and 2 years post immunisation for changes in surrogate markers of atherosclerosis, as pre-specified secondary outcomes: high-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). In addition, 100 participants were randomly selected in each of the intervention and control groups for measurement of anti-pneumococcal antibodies (IgG, IgG2, IgM) as well as anti-OxLDL antibodies (IgG and IgM to CuOxLDL, MDA-LDL, and PC-KLH). RESULTS Concentrations of anti-pneumococcal IgG and IgG2 increased and remained high at 2 years in the PPV group compared to the placebo group, while IgM increased and then declined, but remained detectable, at 2 years. There were statistically significant increases in all anti-OxLDL IgM antibodies at 1 month, which were no longer detectable at 2 years; there was no increase in anti-OxLDL IgG antibodies. There were no significant changes in CRP, PWV or CIMT between the treatment groups at the 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS PPV engenders a long-lasting increase in anti-pneumococcal IgG, and to a lesser extent, IgM titres, as well as a transient increase in anti-OxLDL IgM antibodies. However, there were no detectable changes in surrogate markers of atherosclerosis at the 2-year follow-up. Long-term, prospective follow-up of clinical outcomes is continuing to assess if PPV reduces CVD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Ren
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Centenary UTS Centre for Inflammation, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wichat Srikusalanukul
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jay C Horvat
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Tegan Hunter
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexandra C Brown
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Roseanne Peel
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jack Faulkner
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Shu Chuen Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - David Newby
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Alexis Hure
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Walter P Abhayaratna
- Australian National University Medical School, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ayelet Gonen
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joseph L Witztum
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John Attia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Department of Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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22
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DeVito LM, Dennis EA, Kahn BB, Shulman GI, Witztum JL, Sadhu S, Nickels J, Spite M, Smyth S, Spiegel S. Bioactive lipids and metabolic syndrome-a symposium report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1511:87-106. [PMID: 35218041 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has shed light on the cellular and molecular functions of bioactive lipids that go far beyond what was known about their role as dietary lipids. Bioactive lipids regulate inflammation and its resolution as signaling molecules. Genetic studies have identified key factors that can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome through their effects on lipogenesis. Lipid scientists have explored how these signaling pathways affect lipid metabolism in the liver, adipose tissue, and macrophages by utilizing a variety of techniques in both humans and animal models, including novel lipidomics approaches and molecular dynamics models. Dissecting out these lipid pathways can help identify mechanisms that can be targeted to prevent or treat cardiometabolic conditions. Continued investigation of the multitude of functions mediated by bioactive lipids may reveal additional components of these pathways that can provide a greater understanding of metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barbara B Kahn
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Joseph Nickels
- Genesis Biotechnology Group, Hamilton Township, New Jersey
| | - Matthew Spite
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan Smyth
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
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Pattarabanjird T, Marshall M, Upadhye A, Srikakulapu P, Garmey J, Haider A, Taylor AM, Lutgens E, McNamara CA. B-1b Cells Possess Unique bHLH-Driven P62-Dependent Self-Renewal and Atheroprotection. Circ Res 2022; 130:981-993. [PMID: 35209718 PMCID: PMC9075598 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.320436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B1a and B1b lymphocytes produce IgM that inactivates oxidation-specific epitopes (IgMOSE) on LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and protects against atherosclerosis. Loss of ID3 (inhibitor of differentiation 3) in B cells selectively promotes B1b but not B1a cell numbers, leading to higher IgMOSE production and reduction in atherosclerotic plaque formation. Yet, the mechanism underlying this regulation remains unexplored. METHODS Bulk RNA sequencing was utilized to identify differentially expressed genes in B1a and B1b cells from Id3KO and Id3WT mice. CRISPR/Cas9 and lentiviral genome editing coupled with adoptive transfer were used to identify key Id3-dependent signaling pathways regulating B1b cell proliferation and the impact on atherosclerosis. Biospecimens from humans with advanced coronary artery disease imaging were analyzed to translate murine findings to human subjects with coronary artery disease. RESULTS Through RNA sequencing, P62 was found to be enriched in Id3KO B1b cells. Further in vitro characterization reveals a novel role for P62 in mediating BAFF (B-cell activating factor)-induced B1b cell proliferation through interacting with TRAF6 and activating NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B), leading to subsequent C-MYC upregulation. Promoter-reporter assays reveal that Id3 inhibits the E2A protein from activating the P62 promoter. Mice adoptively transferred with B1 cells overexpressing P62 exhibited an increase in B1b cell number and IgMOSE levels and were protected against atherosclerosis. Consistent with murine mechanistic findings, P62 expression in human B1 cells was significantly higher in subjects harboring a function-impairing SNP (rs11574) in the ID3 gene and directly correlated with plasma IgMOSE levels. CONCLUSIONS This study unveils a novel role for P62 in driving BAFF-induced B1b cell proliferation and IgMOSE production to attenuate diet-induced atherosclerosis. Results identify a direct role for Id3 in antagonizing E2A from activating the p62 promoter. Moreover, analysis of putative human B1 cells also implicates these pathways in coronary artery disease subjects, suggesting P62 as a new immunomodulatory target for treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanyaporn Pattarabanjird
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Melissa Marshall
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Aditi Upadhye
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Prasad Srikakulapu
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - James Garmey
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Antony Haider
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Angela M. Taylor
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Coleen A. McNamara
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Correspondence: Corresponding Author, , Phone: 434-243-5854, Address: 345 Crispell Dr. Charlottesville, VA 22908
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24
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Sveen KA, Smith G, Björkbacka H, Orho-Melander M, Engström G, Gonçalves I, Melander O, Nilsson J, Bengtsson E. High levels of autoantibodies against apoB100 p210 are associated with lower incidence of atrial fibrillation in women. J Intern Med 2022; 291:207-217. [PMID: 34532909 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with inflammation, both systemically and in the atrial tissue. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is increased in patients with AF and is suggested to be one of the molecules that drives inflammation. Autoantibodies against oxidized LDL and apolipoprotein B100, the protein component of LDL, are linked to atherosclerotic disease. However, whether these autoantibodies are associated with occurrence of AF is not known. We investigated autoantibodies against oxidized apolipoprotein B100 peptides and incidence of AF in a large population-based cohort. METHODS IgM and IgG against native and aldehyde-modified apoB100 peptides 210 (p210) and 45 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 5169 individuals from the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort. RESULTS Seven hundred sixty-nine incident AF cases were recorded during a follow-up of 21.3 years. Individuals with high levels of IgM against native p210 at baseline had a lower risk of developing AF; however, the association did not remain after adjustment for age and sex. Women had higher levels of IgM against native p210 than men (0.70 ± 0.22 AU vs. 0.63 ± 0.21 AU, p < 0.001). The association of IgM against native p210 and AF was significantly different between sexes (p for interaction = 0.024), where females with high IgM against p210 had a lower risk for incidence of AF (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] 4th versus 1st quartile: 0.67 [0.49-0.91]; p = 0.01) after adjusting for risk factors and comorbidities. CONCLUSION These findings support an association of humoral autoimmunity with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Anne Sveen
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gustav Smith
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,The Wallenberg Laboratory/Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Gothenburg University and the Department of Cardiology, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine and Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Harry Björkbacka
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Emergency and Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Emergency and Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Bengtsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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25
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Oskolkova OV, Hodzic A, Karki P, Gesslbauer B, Ke Y, Hofer DC, Bogner-Strauss JG, Galano JM, Oger C, Birukova A, Durand T, Birukov K, Bochkov V. Oxidized phospholipids on alkyl-amide scaffold demonstrate anti-endotoxin and endothelial barrier-protective properties. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 174:264-271. [PMID: 34371153 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs) containing enzymatically or non-enzymatically oxidized fatty acids (oxylipins) are increasingly recognized as lipid mediators involved in pathogenesis of diseases. Further understanding of structure-activity relationship and molecular mechanisms activated by OxPLs is hampered by the complexity of synthesis of individual molecular species. Although dozens of individual free oxylipins are commercially available, their attachment to the phospholipid scaffold requires relatively harsh conditions during activation of carboxy-group, which may lead to decomposition of unstable oxylipins. Furthermore, additional protection-deprotection steps are required for oxylipins containing hydroxy-groups. In this work we describe synthesis of OxPLs containing oxylipins bound at the sn-2-position via an amide-bond that is characteristic of sphingophospholipids. Activation of oxylipins and attachment to the phospholipid scaffold are performed under mild conditions and characterized by high yield. Hydroxy-groups of oxylipins do not interfere with reactions and therefore no protection/deprotection steps are needed. In order to prevent oxylipin migration, a fatty acid residue at the sn-1 was bound through an alkyl bond, which is a common bond present in a large proportion of naturally occurring phospholipids. An additional advantage of combining alkyl and amide bonds in a single phospholipid molecule is that both types of bonds are phospholipase A1/A2-resistant, which may be expected to improve biological stability of OxPLs and thus simplify analysis of their effects. As proof of principle, several alkyl-amide oxidized phosphatidylcholines (OxPCs) containing either linear or prostane ring oxylipins have been synthesized. Importantly, we show here that alkyl-amide-OxPCs demonstrated biological activities similar to those of di-acyl-OxPCs. Alkyl-amide-OxPCs inhibited pro-inflammatory action of LPS and increased endothelial cellular barrier in vitro and in mouse models. The effects of alkyl-amide and di-acyl-OxPCs developed in a similar range of concentrations. We hypothesize that alkyl-amide-OxPLs may become a useful tool for deeper analysis of the structure-activity relationship of OxPLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Oskolkova
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Alma Hodzic
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Pratap Karki
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn. Street, HSF-2, Room 145, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Bernd Gesslbauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Yunbo Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn. Street, HSF-2, Room 145, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Dina C Hofer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Juliane G Bogner-Strauss
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron IBMM, CNRS, ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, BP14491, 34093, Montpellier Cedex05, France.
| | - Camille Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron IBMM, CNRS, ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, BP14491, 34093, Montpellier Cedex05, France.
| | - Anna Birukova
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn. Street, HSF-2, Room 145, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron IBMM, CNRS, ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, BP14491, 34093, Montpellier Cedex05, France.
| | - Konstantin Birukov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn. Street, HSF-2, Room 145, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Valery Bochkov
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 46/III, 8010, Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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26
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Rodríguez-Carrio J, Cerro-Pardo I, Lindholt JS, Bonzon-Kulichenko E, Martínez-López D, Roldán-Montero R, Escolà-Gil JC, Michel JB, Blanco-Colio LM, Vázquez J, Suárez A, Martín-Ventura JL. Malondialdehyde-modified HDL particles elicit a specific IgG response in abdominal aortic aneurysm. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 174:171-181. [PMID: 34364980 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) plays a protective role in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA); however, recent findings suggest that oxidative modifications could lead to dysfunctional HDL in AAA. This study aimed at testing the effect of oxidized HDL on aortic lesions and humoral immune responses in a mouse model of AAA induced by elastase, and evaluating whether antibodies against modified HDL can be found in AAA patients. HDL particles were oxidized with malondialdehyde (HDL-MDA) and the changes were studied by biochemical and proteomics approaches. Experimental AAA was induced in mice by elastase perfusion and then mice were treated with HDL-MDA, HDL or vehicle for 14 days. Aortic lesions were studied by histomorphometric analysis. Levels of anti-HDL-MDA IgG antibodies were measured by an in-house immunoassay in the mouse model, in human tissue-supernatants and in plasma samples from the VIVA cohort. HDL oxidation with MDA was confirmed by enhanced susceptibility to diene formation. Proteomics demonstrated the presence of MDA adducts on Lysine residues of HDL proteins, mainly ApoA-I. MDA-modification of HDL abrogated the protective effect of HDL on cultured endothelial cells as well as on AAA dilation in mice. Exposure to HDL-MDA elicited an anti-HDL-MDA IgG response in mice. Anti-HDL-MDA were also detected in tissue-conditioned media from AAA patients, mainly in intraluminal thrombus. Higher plasma levels of anti-HDL-MDA IgG antibodies were found in AAA patients compared to controls. Anti-HDL-MDA levels were associated with smoking and were independent predictors of overall mortality in AAA patients. Overall, MDA-oxidized HDL trigger a specific humoral immune response in mice. Besides, antibodies against HDL-MDA can be detected in tissue and plasma of AAA patients, suggesting its potential use as surrogate stable biomarkers of oxidative stress in AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodríguez-Carrio
- Area of Immunology, University of Oviedo, Instituto de Salud Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | | | - Jes S Lindholt
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Elena Bonzon-Kulichenko
- Laboratorio de Proteómica Cardiovascular, CNIC, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Joan-Carles Escolà-Gil
- Institut de Investigació Biomédica Sant Pau, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Luis Miguel Blanco-Colio
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez-Díaz, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Proteómica Cardiovascular, CNIC, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Suárez
- Area of Immunology, University of Oviedo, Instituto de Salud Del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - José Luis Martín-Ventura
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez-Díaz, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.
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27
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Zhang L, Xue S, Ren F, Huang S, Zhou R, Wang Y, Zhou C, Li Z. An atherosclerotic plaque-targeted single-chain antibody for MR/NIR-II imaging of atherosclerosis and anti-atherosclerosis therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:296. [PMID: 34583680 PMCID: PMC8479957 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01047-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidation-specific epitopes (OSEs) are rich in atherosclerotic plaques. Innate and adaptive immune responses to OSEs play an important role in atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to develop novel human single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody specific to OSEs to image and inhibit atherosclerosis. Results Here, we screened a novel scFv antibody, named as ASA6, from phage-displayed human scFv library. ASA6 can bind to oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL) and atherosclerotic plaques. Meanwhile, ASA6 can also inhibit the uptake of Ox-LDL into macrophage to reduce macrophage apoptosis. The atherosclerotic lesion area of ApoE−/− mice administrated with ASA6 antibody was significantly reduced. Transcriptome analysis reveals the anti-atherosclerosis effect of ASA6 is related to the regulation of fatty acid metabolism and inhibition of M1 macrophage polarization. Moreover, we conjugated ASA6 antibody to NaNdF4@NaGdF4 nanoparticles for noninvasive imaging of atherosclerotic plaques by magnetic resonance (MR) and near-infrared window II (NIR-II) imaging. Conclusions Together, these data demonstrate the potential of ASA6 antibody in targeted therapy and noninvasive imaging for atherosclerosis. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-01047-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Sheng Xue
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
| | - Feng Ren
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Siyang Huang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Ruizhi Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Changyong Zhou
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Palmieri M, Almeida M, Nookaew I, Gomez‐Acevedo H, Joseph TE, Que X, Tsimikas S, Sun X, Manolagas SC, Witztum JL, Ambrogini E. Neutralization of oxidized phospholipids attenuates age-associated bone loss in mice. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13442. [PMID: 34278710 PMCID: PMC8373359 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs) are pro‐inflammatory molecules that affect bone remodeling under physiological conditions. Transgenic expression of a single‐chain variable fragment (scFv) of the antigen‐binding domain of E06, an IgM natural antibody that recognizes the phosphocholine (PC) moiety of OxPLs, increases trabecular and cortical bone in adult male and female mice by increasing bone formation. OxPLs increase with age, while natural antibodies decrease. Age‐related bone loss is associated with increased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation and is characterized by a decline in osteoblast number and bone formation, raising the possibility that increased OxPLs, together with the decline of natural antibodies, contribute to age‐related bone loss. We show here that transgenic expression of E06‐scFv attenuated the age‐associated loss of spinal, femoral, and total bone mineral density in both female and male mice aged up to 22 and 24 months, respectively. E06‐scFv attenuated the age‐associated decline in trabecular bone, but not cortical bone, and this effect was associated with an increase in osteoblasts and a decrease in osteoclasts. Furthermore, RNA‐seq analysis showed that E06‐scFv increased Wnt10b expression in vertebral bone in aged mice, indicating that blocking OxPLs increases Wnt signaling. Unlike age‐related bone loss, E06‐scFv did not attenuate the bone loss caused by estrogen deficiency or unloading in adult mice. These results demonstrate that OxPLs contribute to age‐associated bone loss. Neutralization of OxPLs, therefore, is a promising therapeutic target for senile osteoporosis, as well as atherosclerosis and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), two other conditions shown to be attenuated by E06‐scFv in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Palmieri
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases and Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System Little Rock AR USA
| | - Maria Almeida
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases and Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System Little Rock AR USA
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Department of Biomedical Informatics University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
| | - Horacio Gomez‐Acevedo
- Department of Biomedical Informatics University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
| | - Teenamol E. Joseph
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases and Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System Little Rock AR USA
| | - Xuchu Que
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Department of Medicine Division of Cardiology University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Stavros C. Manolagas
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases and Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System Little Rock AR USA
| | - Joseph L. Witztum
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Elena Ambrogini
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases and Center for Musculoskeletal Disease Research University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System Little Rock AR USA
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Rosenson RS, Goonewardena SN. The Residual Risk Odyssey: From LDL to Lp(a). J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 78:434-436. [PMID: 34325832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.04.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Rosenson
- Metabolism and Lipids Unit, Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
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30
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Tsimikas S. Elevated lipoprotein(a) and the risk of stroke in children, young adults, and the elderly. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:2197-2200. [PMID: 34000000 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Tsimikas
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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31
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Pattarabanjird T, Li C, McNamara C. B Cells in Atherosclerosis: Mechanisms and Potential Clinical Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 6:546-563. [PMID: 34222726 PMCID: PMC8246059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
B cells regulate atherosclerotic plaque formation through production of antibodies and cytokines, and effects are subset specific (B1 and B2). Putative human atheroprotective B1 cells function similarly to murine B1 in their spontaneous IgM antibody production. However, marker strategies in identifying human and murine B1 are different. IgM antibody to oxidation specific epitopes produced by B1 cells associate with human coronary artery disease. Neoantigen immunization may be a promising strategy for atherosclerosis vaccine development, but further study to determine relevant antigens still need to be done. B-cell–targeted therapies, used in treating autoimmune diseases as well as lymphoid cancers, might have potential applications in treating cardiovascular diseases. Short- and long-term cardiovascular effects of these agents need to be assessed.
Because atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide, understanding inflammatory processes underpinning its pathology is critical. B cells have been implicated as a key immune cell type in regulating atherosclerosis. B-cell effects, mediated by antibodies and cytokines, are subset specific. In this review, we focus on elaborating mechanisms underlying subtype-specific roles of B cells in atherosclerosis and discuss available human data implicating B cells in atherosclerosis. We further discuss potential B cell–linked therapeutic approaches, including immunization and B cell–targeted biologics. Given recent evidence strongly supporting a role for B cells in human atherosclerosis and the expansion of immunomodulatory agents that affect B-cell biology in clinical use and clinical trials for other disorders, it is important that the cardiovascular field be cognizant of potential beneficial or untoward effects of modulating B-cell activity on atherosclerosis.
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Key Words
- APRIL, A proliferation−inducing ligand
- ApoE, apolipoprotein E
- B-cell
- BAFF, B-cell–activating factor
- BAFFR, B-cell–activating factor receptor
- BCMA, B-cell maturation antigen
- BCR, B-cell receptor
- Breg, regulatory B cell
- CAD, coronary artery disease
- CTLA4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated protein 4
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- CXCR4, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4
- GC, germinal center
- GITR, glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor–related protein
- GITRL, glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor–related protein ligand
- GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony–stimulating factor
- ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- IVUS, intravascular ultrasound
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- LDLR, low-density lipoprotein receptor
- MDA-LDL, malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein
- MI, myocardial infarction
- OSE, oxidation-specific epitope
- OxLDL, oxidized low-density lipoprotein
- PC, phosphorylcholine
- PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1
- PD-L2, programmed death ligand 2
- PDL1, programmed death ligand 1
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus
- TACI, transmembrane activator and CAML interactor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- Treg, regulatory T cell
- atherosclerosis
- immunoglobulins
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanyaporn Pattarabanjird
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Cynthia Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Coleen McNamara
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Structure and Dynamics of Oxidized Lipoproteins In Vivo: Roles of High-Density Lipoprotein. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060655. [PMID: 34201176 PMCID: PMC8229488 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative modification of lipoproteins is implicated in the occurrence and development of atherosclerotic lesions. Earlier studies have elucidated on the mechanisms of foam cell formation and lipid accumulation in these lesions, which is mediated by scavenger receptor-mediated endocytosis of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Mounting clinical evidence has supported the involvement of oxLDL in cardiovascular diseases. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is known as anti-atherogenic; however, recent studies have shown circulating oxidized HDL (oxHDL) is related to cardiovascular diseases. A modified structure of oxLDL, which was increased in the plasma of patients with acute myocardial infarction, was characterized. It had two unique features: (1) a fraction of oxLDL accompanied oxHDL, and (2) apoA1 was heavily modified, while modification of apoB, and the accumulation of oxidized phosphatidylcholine (oxPC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) was less pronounced. When LDL and HDL were present at the same time, oxidized lipoproteins actively interacted with each other, and oxPC and lysoPC were transferred to another lipoprotein particle and enzymatically metabolized rapidly. This brief review provides a novel view on the dynamics of oxLDL and oxHDL in circulation.
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Posch-Pertl L, Weger M, Pinter-Hausberger S, List W, Posch F, Wedrich A, Michelitsch K, Kozma MO, Woltsche N, Binder CJ. SERUM LEVELS OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST OXIDATION-SPECIFIC EPITOPES ARE DECREASED IN PATIENTS WITH RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION. Retina 2021; 41:1193-1201. [PMID: 33136978 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxidative stress and inflammation have been implicated in the development of retinal vein occlusion (RVO). Oxidation-specific epitopes (OSEs) represent products of oxidative stress that can trigger vascular inflammation and thrombosis. Natural occurring antibodies have been shown to bind oxidation-specific epitopes thereby inhibiting their inflammatory potential and promoting their removal. METHODS This prospective cross-sectional study included 270 patients with RVO and 81 in-hospital control patients. We measured three types of serum levels of oxidation-specific epitope-specific immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G antibodies (anti-copper-oxidized LDL [CuOx-LDL], antiphosphocholine [PC], anti-malondialdehyde-modified LDL [MDA-LDL]). History of arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, stroke, smoking status, and several laboratory parameters were determined to control for potential confounders. RESULTS Compared with controls, patients with RVO had significantly lower levels of immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G antibodies against CuOx-LDL and PC, and significantly lower levels of immunoglobulin G but not immunoglobulin M antibodies against MDA-LDL. The association between RVO patients and lower levels of these antibodies prevailed upon multivariable adjustment. CONCLUSION These prospective data show that antibodies against oxidation-specific epitope are lower in patients with RVO compared with control patients and support the concept that oxidative stress and inflammation play key roles in the development and subsequent complications in RVO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Posch-Pertl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Weger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Wolfgang List
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Posch
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria ; and
| | - Andreas Wedrich
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Maria O Kozma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nora Woltsche
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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34
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Weng R, Liu S, Gu X, Zhong Z. Characterization of the B cell receptor repertoire of patients with acute coronary syndrome. Genes Genomics 2021; 44:19-28. [PMID: 33974240 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a complex cardiovascular disease whose development involves the dysregulation of adaptive immune responses. Though it has been proven that T cells associate with inflammation in the development of ACS, the function of B cells in disease remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to reveal the diversity of the B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire of patients with ACS. METHODS We conducted a pilot study to sequence the immune repertoire of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with ACS, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and unstable angina (UA), and quantitatively characterized BCR repertoires by bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS We found that patients with AMI and UA had lower BCR repertoire diversity compared with controls with normal coronary arteries (NCA). Lower percentages of productive unique BCR nt sequences and higher percentages of top 200 unique BCR sequences were identified in AMI and UA patients than NCA controls. Patients had various preferential usage of V and J genes from B cell clones in accordance with the disease severity of coronary arteries. AMI patients had distinct CDR3 amino acids, and their frequency differed among patients with ACS. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that differential BCR signatures represent an imprint of distinct repertoires among ACS patients. This study thereby opens up the prospect of studying disease-relevant B cells to better understand and treat ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqiang Weng
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, No. 63 Huangtang Road, Meijiang District, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China
| | - Sudong Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, No. 63 Huangtang Road, Meijiang District, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Gu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, No. 63 Huangtang Road, Meijiang District, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiong Zhong
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, No. 63 Huangtang Road, Meijiang District, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China.
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, 514031, People's Republic of China.
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Obermayer G, Afonyushkin T, Göderle L, Puhm F, Schrottmaier W, Taqi S, Schwameis M, Ay C, Pabinger I, Jilma B, Assinger A, Mackman N, Binder CJ. Natural IgM antibodies inhibit microvesicle-driven coagulation and thrombosis. Blood 2021; 137:1406-1415. [PMID: 33512411 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020007155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis and its associated complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Microvesicles (MVs), a class of extracellular vesicles, are increasingly recognized as mediators of coagulation and biomarkers of thrombotic risk. Thus, identifying factors targeting MV-driven coagulation may help in the development of novel antithrombotic treatments. We have previously identified a subset of circulating MVs that is characterized by the presence of oxidation-specific epitopes and bound by natural immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies targeting these structures. This study investigated whether natural IgM antibodies, which are known to have important anti-inflammatory housekeeping functions, inhibit the procoagulatory properties of MVs. We found that the extent of plasma coagulation is inversely associated with the levels of both free and MV-bound endogenous IgM. Moreover, the oxidation epitope-specific natural IgM antibody LR04, which recognizes malondialdehyde adducts, reduced MV-dependent plasmatic coagulation and whole blood clotting without affecting thrombocyte aggregation. Intravenous injection of LR04 protected mice from MV-induced pulmonary thrombosis. Of note, LR04 competed the binding of coagulation factor X/Xa to MVs, providing a mechanistic explanation for its anticoagulatory effect. Thus, our data identify natural IgM antibodies as hitherto unknown modulators of MV-induced coagulation in vitro and in vivo and their prognostic and therapeutic potential in the management of thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Obermayer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Taras Afonyushkin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Göderle
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Puhm
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Soreen Taqi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Schwameis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology
- Department of Emergency Medicine, and
| | - Cihan Ay
- Clinical Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Ingrid Pabinger
- Clinical Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Nigel Mackman
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Ho JH, Adam S, Liu Y, Azmi S, Dhage S, Syed AA, Ammori BJ, Donn R, Heald A, Gibson MJ, Malik RA, Yang X, Durrington PN, Tsimikas S, Soran H. Effect of bariatric surgery on plasma levels of oxidised phospholipids, biomarkers of oxidised LDL and lipoprotein(a). J Clin Lipidol 2021; 15:320-331. [PMID: 33518459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes and this is improved following bariatric surgery. Oxidised phospholipids (OxPL) are thought to reflect the pro-inflammatory effects of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], and both are independent predictors of cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE Our study sought to determine the impact of bariatric surgery on OxPL, biomarkers of oxidised LDL (OxLDL) and Lp(a). METHODS This is a prospective, observational study of 59 patients with severe obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. Blood samples were obtained prior to surgery and at 6 and 12 months after. Sixteen patients attending the tertiary medical weight management clinic at the same centre were also recruited for comparison. Lipid and metabolic blood parameters, OxLDL, OxPL on apolipoprotein B-100 (OxPL-apoB), IgG and IgM autoantibodies to MDA-LDL, IgG and IgM apoB-immune complexes and Lp(a) were measured. RESULTS Reduction in body mass index (BMI) was significant following bariatric surgery, from median 48 kg/m2 at baseline to 37 kg/m2 at 6 months and 33 kg/m2 at 12 months. OxPL-apoB levels decreased significantly at 12 months following surgery [5.0 (3.2-7.4) to 3.8 (3.0-5.5) nM, p = 0.001], while contrastingly, Lp(a) increased significantly [10.2 (3.8-31.9) to 16.9 (4.9-38.6) mg/dl, p = 0.002]. There were significant post-surgical decreases in IgG and IgM biomarkers, particularly at 12 months, while OxLDL remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS Bariatric surgery results in a significant increase in Lp(a) but reductions in OxPL-apoB and other biomarkers of oxidised lipoproteins, suggesting increased synthetic capacity and reduced oxidative stress. These biomarkers might be clinically useful to monitor physiological effects of weight loss interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hoong Ho
- Department of Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Lipid Research Group, Division of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Safwaan Adam
- Department of Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Lipid Research Group, Division of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Yifen Liu
- Lipid Research Group, Division of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Shazli Azmi
- Lipid Research Group, Division of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Shaishav Dhage
- Department of Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Lipid Research Group, Division of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Akheel A Syed
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Basil J Ammori
- Department of Surgery, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Rachelle Donn
- Lipid Research Group, Division of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Adrian Heald
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Martin J Gibson
- Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Rayaz A Malik
- Lipid Research Group, Division of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Paul N Durrington
- Lipid Research Group, Division of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, University of California, San Diego, USA.
| | - Handrean Soran
- Department of Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Lipid Research Group, Division of Medical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Tmoyan NA, Afanasieva OI, Ezhov MV, Klesareva EA, Balakhonova TV, Pokrovsky SN. Lipoprotein(a), Immunity, and Inflammation in Polyvascular Atherosclerotic Disease. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8020011. [PMID: 33513851 PMCID: PMC7911372 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a genetically determined risk factor for coronary artery disease and its complications, although data on the association with other vascular beds and the severity of atherosclerosis is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of atherosclerosis of various vascular beds with Lp(a), as well as its autoantibodies and generalized inflammatory markers. Material and methods: this study included 1288 adult patients with clinical and imaging examination of three vascular beds (coronary, carotid, and lower limb arteries). Patients were categorized according to the number of affected vascular beds (with at least one atherosclerotic stenosis ≥50%): 0 (n = 339), 1 (n = 470), 2 (n = 315), 3 (n = 164). We assessed blood cell count, lipid profile, C-reactive protein, circulating immune complexes, Lp(a), and its autoantibodies. Results: the number of affected vascular beds was associated with an increasing level of Lp(a) and a lower level of IgM autoantibodies to Lp(a). Hyperlipoproteinemia(a) (Lp(a) ≥ 30 mg/dL) was detected more frequently in patients with atherosclerosis. In logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and smoking, an elevated Lp(a) level was independently associated with stenotic atherosclerosis and lesion severity. There was a positive association of the number of affected vascular beds with C-reactive protein (r = 0.21, p < 0.01) and a negative association with circulating immune complexes (r = −0.29, p < 0.01). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was significantly higher and the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio was significantly lower in patients with atherosclerosis compared to the controls (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Lp(a), C-reactive protein, circulating immune complexes, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio are associated with the stenotic atherosclerosis of different vascular beds. Lp(a) levels increase and IgM autoantibodies to Lp(a) decrease with the number of affected vascular beds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narek A. Tmoyan
- A.L. Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.E.); (T.V.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(925)-077-07-70
| | - Olga I. Afanasieva
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (O.I.A.); (E.A.K.); (S.N.P.)
| | - Marat V. Ezhov
- A.L. Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.E.); (T.V.B.)
| | - Elena A. Klesareva
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (O.I.A.); (E.A.K.); (S.N.P.)
| | - Tatiana V. Balakhonova
- A.L. Myasnikov Institute of Clinical Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.E.); (T.V.B.)
- Department of Cardiology, Functional and Ultrasound Diagnostics, Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, Federal State Autonomus Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei N. Pokrovsky
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (O.I.A.); (E.A.K.); (S.N.P.)
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38
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Zhang S, Li L, Chen W, Xu S, Feng X, Zhang L. Natural products: The role and mechanism in low-density lipoprotein oxidation and atherosclerosis. Phytother Res 2020; 35:2945-2967. [PMID: 33368763 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory, metabolic, and epigenetic disease, which leads to the life-threatening coronary artery disease. Emerging studies from bench to bedside have demonstrated the pivotal role of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. This article hereby reviews oxidation mechanism of LDL, and the pro-atherogenic and biomarker role of oxidized LDL in atherosclerosis. We also review the pharmacological effects of several representative natural products (vitamin E, resveratrol, quercetin, probucol, tanshinone IIA, epigallocatechin gallate, and Lycopene) in protecting against LDL oxidation and atherosclerosis. Clinical and basic research supports the beneficial effects of these natural products in inhibiting LDL oxidation and preventing atherosclerosis, but the data are still controversial. This may be related to factors such as the population and the dosage and time of taking natural products involved in different studies. Understanding the mechanism of LDL oxidation and effect of oxidized LDL help researchers to find novel therapies against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lingli Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenxu Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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39
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Pearson K, Rodriguez F. Lipoprotein(a) and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention across Diverse Populations. Cardiol Ther 2020; 9:275-292. [PMID: 32451810 PMCID: PMC7584702 DOI: 10.1007/s40119-020-00177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a highly proatherogenic lipid fraction that is genetically determined and minimally responsive to lifestyle or behavior changes. Mendelian randomization studies have suggested a causal link between elevated Lp(a) and heart disease, stroke, and aortic stenosis. There is substantial inter-ethnic variation in Lp(a) levels, with persons of African descent having the highest median values. Monitoring of Lp(a) has historically been limited by lack of standardization of assays. With the advent of novel therapeutic modalities to lower Lp(a) levels including proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors and targeted antisense oligonucleotides, it is increasingly important to screen patients who have family or personal history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease for elevations in Lp(a). Further study is needed to establish a causal relationship between elevated Lp(a) and cardiovascular disease across diverse ethnic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keon Pearson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Fatima Rodriguez
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.
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40
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Donato M, Ferri N, Lupo MG, Faggin E, Rattazzi M. Current Evidence and Future Perspectives on Pharmacological Treatment of Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218263. [PMID: 33158204 PMCID: PMC7663524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS), the most common heart valve disease, is characterized by the slow progressive fibro-calcific remodeling of the valve leaflets, leading to progressive obstruction to the blood flow. CAVS is an increasing health care burden and the development of an effective medical treatment is a major medical need. To date, no effective pharmacological therapies have proven to halt or delay its progression to the severe symptomatic stage and aortic valve replacement represents the only available option to improve clinical outcomes and to increase survival. In the present report, the current knowledge and latest advances in the medical management of patients with CAVS are summarized, placing emphasis on lipid-lowering agents, vasoactive drugs, and anti-calcific treatments. In addition, novel potential therapeutic targets recently identified and currently under investigation are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maristella Donato
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (M.D.); (N.F.); (M.G.L.)
| | - Nicola Ferri
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (M.D.); (N.F.); (M.G.L.)
| | - Maria Giovanna Lupo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (M.D.); (N.F.); (M.G.L.)
| | - Elisabetta Faggin
- Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy;
| | - Marcello Rattazzi
- Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0498-211-867 or +39-0422-322-207
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41
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Oxidation specific epitopes in asthma: New possibilities for treatment. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 129:105864. [PMID: 33069787 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important feature of asthma pathophysiology that is not currently targeted by any of our frontline treatments. Reactive oxygen species, generated during times of heightened oxidative stress, can damage cellular lipids causing the production of oxidation specific epitopes (OSE). OSEs are elevated in chronic inflammatory diseases and promoting their clearance by the body, through pattern recognition receptors and IgM antibodies, prevents and resolves inflammation and tissue damage in animal models. Current research on OSEs in asthma is limited. Although they are present in the lungs of people with asthma during periods of exacerbation or allergen exposure, we do not know if they are linked with disease pathobiology. This article reviews our current understanding of OSEs in asthma and explores whether targeting OSE clearance mechanisms may be a novel therapeutic intervention for asthma.
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42
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Moriarty PM, Gorby LK, Stroes ES, Kastelein JP, Davidson M, Tsimikas S. Lipoprotein(a) and Its Potential Association with Thrombosis and Inflammation in COVID-19: a Testable Hypothesis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2020; 22:48. [PMID: 32710255 PMCID: PMC7381416 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-020-00867-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The COVID-19 pandemic has infected over > 11 million as of today people worldwide and is associated with significant cardiovascular manifestations, particularly in subjects with preexisting comorbidities and cardiovascular risk factors. Recently, a predisposition for arterial and venous thromboses has been reported in COVID-19 infection. We hypothesize that besides conventional risk factors, subjects with elevated lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) may have a particularly high risk of developing cardiovascular complications. RECENT FINDINGS The Lp(a) molecule has the propensity for inhibiting endogenous fibrinolysis through its apolipoprotein(a) component and for enhancing proinflammatory effects such as through its content of oxidized phospholipids. The LPA gene contains an interleukin-6 (IL-6) response element that may induce an acute phase-type increase in Lp(a) levels following a cytokine storm from COVID-19. Thus, subjects with either baseline elevated Lp(a) or those who have an increase following COVID-19 infection, or both, may be at very high risk of developing thromboses. Elevated Lp(a) may also lead to acute destabilization of preexisting but quiescent atherosclerotic plaques, which might induce acute myocardial infarction and stroke. Ongoing studies with IL-6 antagonists may be informative in understanding this relationship, and registries are being initiated to measure Lp(a) in subjects infected with COVID-19. If indeed an association is suggestive of being causal, consideration can be given to systematic testing of Lp(a) and prophylactic systemic anticoagulation in infected inpatients. Therapeutic lipid apheresis and pharmacotherapy for the reduction of Lp(a) levels may minimize thrombogenic potential and proinflammatory effects. We propose studies to test the hypothesis that Lp(a) may contribute to cardiovascular complications of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Moriarty
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | - Lauryn K Gorby
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Erik S Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John P Kastelein
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Davidson
- Lipid Clinic, The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Vascular Medicine Program, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, BSB 1080, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0682, USA.
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43
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Niiranen TJ, Enserro DM, Larson MG, Vasan RS. Multisystem Trajectories Over the Adult Life Course and Relations to Cardiovascular Disease and Death. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1778-1785. [PMID: 30358808 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comprehensive conjoint characterization of long-term trajectories representing several biological systems is lacking. METHODS We measured serially indicators representing 14 distinct biological systems in up to 3,453 participants attending four Framingham Study examinations: bone mineral density, body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein, glomerular filtration rate, forced vital capacity (FVC), 1 second forced expiratory volume/FVC ratio (FEV1/FVC), gait speed, grip strength, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), heart rate, left ventricular mass, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), pulse pressure, and total/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TC/HDL). RESULTS We observed that correlations among the 14 sex-specific trajectories were modest (r < .30 for 169 of 182 sex-specific correlations). During follow-up (median 8 years), 232 individuals experienced a cardiovascular disease (CVD) event and 393 participants died. In multivariable regression models, CVD incidence was positively related to trajectories of BMI, HbA1c, TC/HDL, gait time, and pulse pressure (p < .06); mortality risk was related directly to trajectories of gait time, C-reactive protein, heart rate, and pulse pressure but inversely to MMSE and FEV1/FVC (p < .006). A unit increase in the trajectory risk score was associated with a 2.80-fold risk of CVD (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.04-3.84; p < .001) and a 2.71-fold risk of death (95% CI, 2.30-3.20; p < .001). Trajectory risk scores were suggestive of a greater increase in model c-statistic compared with single occasion measures (delta-c compared with age- and sex-adjusted models: .032 vs .026 for CVD; .042 vs .030 for mortality). CONCLUSIONS Biological systems age differentially over the life course. Longitudinal data on a parsimonious set of biomarkers reflecting key biological systems may facilitate identification of high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teemu J Niiranen
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts.,Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Danielle M Enserro
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts.,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Martin G Larson
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts.,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Section of Preventive Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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44
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Sawada N, Obama T, Koba S, Takaki T, Iwamoto S, Aiuchi T, Kato R, Kikuchi M, Hamazaki Y, Itabe H. Circulating oxidized LDL, increased in patients with acute myocardial infarction, is accompanied by heavily modified HDL. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:816-829. [PMID: 32291330 PMCID: PMC7269762 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) is a known risk factor for atherogenesis. This study aimed to reveal structural features of oxLDL present in human circulation related to atherosclerosis. When LDL was fractionated on an anion-exchange column, in vivo-oxLDL, detected by the anti-oxidized PC (oxPC) mAb, was recovered in flow-through and electronegative LDL [LDL(-)] fractions. The amount of the electronegative in vivo-oxLDL, namely oxLDL in the LDL(-) fraction, present in patients with acute MI was 3-fold higher than that observed in healthy subjects. Surprisingly, the LDL(-) fraction contained apoA1 in addition to apoB, and HDL-sized particles were observed with transmission electron microscopy. In LDL(-) fractions, acrolein adducts were identified at all lysine residues in apoA1, with only a small number of acrolein-modified residues identified in apoB. The amount of oxPC adducts of apoB was higher in the LDL(-) than in the L1 fraction, as determined using Western blotting. The electronegative in vivo-oxLDL was immunologically purified from the LDL(-) fraction with an anti-oxPC mAb. The majority of PC species were not oxidized, whereas oxPC and lysoPC did not accumulate. Here, we propose that there are two types of in vivo-oxLDL in human circulating plasma and the electronegative in vivo-oxLDL accompanies oxidized HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Sawada
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Showa University School of Pharmacy, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Obama
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Showa University School of Pharmacy, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Shinji Koba
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Takaki
- Division of Electron Microscopy Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Sanju Iwamoto
- Division of Physiology and Pathology, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics Showa University School of Pharmacy, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Aiuchi
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Showa University School of Pharmacy, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Rina Kato
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Showa University School of Pharmacy, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Masaki Kikuchi
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Showa University School of Pharmacy, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Yuji Hamazaki
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Itabe
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Showa University School of Pharmacy, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan. mailto:
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Meckelmann SW, Hawksworth JI, White D, Andrews R, Rodrigues P, O'Connor A, Alvarez-Jarreta J, Tyrrell VJ, Hinz C, Zhou Y, Williams J, Aldrovandi M, Watkins WJ, Engler AJ, Lo Sardo V, Slatter DA, Allen SM, Acharya J, Mitchell J, Cooper J, Aoki J, Kano K, Humphries SE, O'Donnell VB. Metabolic Dysregulation of the Lysophospholipid/Autotaxin Axis in the Chromosome 9p21 Gene SNP rs10757274. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2020; 13:e002806. [PMID: 32396387 PMCID: PMC7299226 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.119.002806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common chromosome 9p21 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) increase coronary heart disease risk, independent of traditional lipid risk factors. However, lipids comprise large numbers of structurally related molecules not measured in traditional risk measurements, and many have inflammatory bioactivities. Here, we applied lipidomic and genomic approaches to 3 model systems to characterize lipid metabolic changes in common Chr9p21 SNPs, which confer ≈30% elevated coronary heart disease risk associated with altered expression of ANRIL, a long ncRNA. METHODS Untargeted and targeted lipidomics was applied to plasma from NPHSII (Northwick Park Heart Study II) homozygotes for AA or GG in rs10757274, followed by correlation and network analysis. To identify candidate genes, transcriptomic data from shRNA downregulation of ANRIL in HEK-293 cells was mined. Transcriptional data from vascular smooth muscle cells differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells of individuals with/without Chr9p21 risk, nonrisk alleles, and corresponding knockout isogenic lines were next examined. Last, an in-silico analysis of miRNAs was conducted to identify how ANRIL might control lysoPL (lysophosphospholipid)/lysoPA (lysophosphatidic acid) genes. RESULTS Elevated risk GG correlated with reduced lysoPLs, lysoPA, and ATX (autotaxin). Five other risk SNPs did not show this phenotype. LysoPL-lysoPA interconversion was uncoupled from ATX in GG plasma, suggesting metabolic dysregulation. Significantly altered expression of several lysoPL/lysoPA metabolizing enzymes was found in HEK cells lacking ANRIL. In the vascular smooth muscle cells data set, the presence of risk alleles associated with altered expression of several lysoPL/lysoPA enzymes. Deletion of the risk locus reversed the expression of several lysoPL/lysoPA genes to nonrisk haplotype levels. Genes that were altered across both cell data sets were DGKA, MBOAT2, PLPP1, and LPL. The in-silico analysis identified 4 ANRIL-regulated miRNAs that control lysoPL genes as miR-186-3p, miR-34a-3p, miR-122-5p, and miR-34a-5p. CONCLUSIONS A Chr9p21 risk SNP associates with complex alterations in immune-bioactive phospholipids and their metabolism. Lipid metabolites and genomic pathways associated with coronary heart disease pathogenesis in Chr9p21 and ANRIL-associated disease are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven W Meckelmann
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Systems Immunity Research Institute (S.W.M., J.I.H., D.W., R.A., P.R., A.O., J.A.-J., V.J.T., C.H., Y.Z., M.A., W.J.W., D.A.S., V.B.O.), Cardiff University, United Kingdom.,Applied Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (S.W.M.)
| | - Jade I Hawksworth
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Systems Immunity Research Institute (S.W.M., J.I.H., D.W., R.A., P.R., A.O., J.A.-J., V.J.T., C.H., Y.Z., M.A., W.J.W., D.A.S., V.B.O.), Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel White
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Systems Immunity Research Institute (S.W.M., J.I.H., D.W., R.A., P.R., A.O., J.A.-J., V.J.T., C.H., Y.Z., M.A., W.J.W., D.A.S., V.B.O.), Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Andrews
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Systems Immunity Research Institute (S.W.M., J.I.H., D.W., R.A., P.R., A.O., J.A.-J., V.J.T., C.H., Y.Z., M.A., W.J.W., D.A.S., V.B.O.), Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Rodrigues
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Systems Immunity Research Institute (S.W.M., J.I.H., D.W., R.A., P.R., A.O., J.A.-J., V.J.T., C.H., Y.Z., M.A., W.J.W., D.A.S., V.B.O.), Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - Anne O'Connor
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Systems Immunity Research Institute (S.W.M., J.I.H., D.W., R.A., P.R., A.O., J.A.-J., V.J.T., C.H., Y.Z., M.A., W.J.W., D.A.S., V.B.O.), Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Alvarez-Jarreta
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Systems Immunity Research Institute (S.W.M., J.I.H., D.W., R.A., P.R., A.O., J.A.-J., V.J.T., C.H., Y.Z., M.A., W.J.W., D.A.S., V.B.O.), Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria J Tyrrell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Systems Immunity Research Institute (S.W.M., J.I.H., D.W., R.A., P.R., A.O., J.A.-J., V.J.T., C.H., Y.Z., M.A., W.J.W., D.A.S., V.B.O.), Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Hinz
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Systems Immunity Research Institute (S.W.M., J.I.H., D.W., R.A., P.R., A.O., J.A.-J., V.J.T., C.H., Y.Z., M.A., W.J.W., D.A.S., V.B.O.), Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - You Zhou
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Systems Immunity Research Institute (S.W.M., J.I.H., D.W., R.A., P.R., A.O., J.A.-J., V.J.T., C.H., Y.Z., M.A., W.J.W., D.A.S., V.B.O.), Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Williams
- Division of Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics and Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, School of Medicine (J.W.), Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - Maceler Aldrovandi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Systems Immunity Research Institute (S.W.M., J.I.H., D.W., R.A., P.R., A.O., J.A.-J., V.J.T., C.H., Y.Z., M.A., W.J.W., D.A.S., V.B.O.), Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - William J Watkins
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Systems Immunity Research Institute (S.W.M., J.I.H., D.W., R.A., P.R., A.O., J.A.-J., V.J.T., C.H., Y.Z., M.A., W.J.W., D.A.S., V.B.O.), Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J Engler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of San Diego, La Jolla, CA (A.J.E.)
| | - Valentina Lo Sardo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience and Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (V.L.S.)
| | - David A Slatter
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Systems Immunity Research Institute (S.W.M., J.I.H., D.W., R.A., P.R., A.O., J.A.-J., V.J.T., C.H., Y.Z., M.A., W.J.W., D.A.S., V.B.O.), Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart M Allen
- School of Computer Science and Informatics (S.M.A.), Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - Jay Acharya
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (J. Acharya, J.M., J.C., S.E.H.)
| | - Jacquie Mitchell
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (J. Acharya, J.M., J.C., S.E.H.)
| | - Jackie Cooper
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (J. Acharya, J.M., J.C., S.E.H.)
| | - Junken Aoki
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan (J. Aoki, K.K.)
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan (J. Aoki, K.K.)
| | | | - Valerie B O'Donnell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Systems Immunity Research Institute (S.W.M., J.I.H., D.W., R.A., P.R., A.O., J.A.-J., V.J.T., C.H., Y.Z., M.A., W.J.W., D.A.S., V.B.O.), Cardiff University, United Kingdom
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Oskolkova OV, Bochkov VN. Gain of function mechanisms triggering biological effects of oxidized phospholipids. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Kyrklund M, Bildo M, Akhi R, Nissinen AE, Pussinen P, Hörkkö S, Wang C. Humoral immune response to heat shock protein 60 of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and cross-reactivity with malondialdehyde acetaldehyde-modified LDL. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230682. [PMID: 32210456 PMCID: PMC7094845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease and major cause of mortality worldwide. One of the crucial steps for atherosclerotic plaque development is oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Through the oxidation, highly immunogenic epitopes are created and the immune system is activated. Association between atherosclerosis and periodontal diseases is well documented, and one of the main oral pathogens common in periodontitis is Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) is an important virulence factor for Aa bacteria and a strong activator of the immune system. Cross-reactivity of HSP60 and oxidized LDL (OxLDL) antibodies could be a potential mechanism in the progression of atherosclerosis and one possible link between atherosclerosis and periodontitis. Human plasma samples from neonates and mothers were analyzed to determine if antibody titer to Aa-HSP60 protein is already present in newborns. Further objectives were to characterize antibody response in Aa-HSP60 immunized mice and to determine possible antibody cross-reaction with oxidized LDL. We demonstrated that newborns already have IgM antibody levels to Aa-HSP60. We also showed that in mice, Aa-HSP60 immunization provoked IgG and IgM antibody response not only to Aa-HSP60 but also to malondialdehyde acetaldehyde-modified LDL (MAA-LDL). Competition assay revealed that the antibodies were specific to Aa-HSP60 and cross-reacted with MAA-LDL. Our results suggest a possibility of molecular mimicry between Aa-HSP60 and MAA-LDL, making it intriguing to speculate on the role of HSP60 protein in atherosclerosis that manifests at young age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Kyrklund
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center and Nordlab Oulu, University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Bildo
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ramin Akhi
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center and Nordlab Oulu, University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti E. Nissinen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center and Nordlab Oulu, University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pirkko Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sohvi Hörkkö
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center and Nordlab Oulu, University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Chunguang Wang
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center and Nordlab Oulu, University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
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Tsimikas S, Karwatowska-Prokopczuk E, Gouni-Berthold I, Tardif JC, Baum SJ, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Shapiro MD, Stroes ES, Moriarty PM, Nordestgaard BG, Xia S, Guerriero J, Viney NJ, O'Dea L, Witztum JL. Lipoprotein(a) Reduction in Persons with Cardiovascular Disease. N Engl J Med 2020; 382:244-255. [PMID: 31893580 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1905239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 528] [Impact Index Per Article: 132.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoprotein(a) levels are genetically determined and, when elevated, are a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and aortic stenosis. There are no approved pharmacologic therapies to lower lipoprotein(a) levels. METHODS We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial involving 286 patients with established cardiovascular disease and screening lipoprotein(a) levels of at least 60 mg per deciliter (150 nmol per liter). Patients received the hepatocyte-directed antisense oligonucleotide AKCEA-APO(a)-LRx, referred to here as APO(a)-LRx (20, 40, or 60 mg every 4 weeks; 20 mg every 2 weeks; or 20 mg every week), or saline placebo subcutaneously for 6 to 12 months. The lipoprotein(a) level was measured with an isoform-independent assay. The primary end point was the percent change in lipoprotein(a) level from baseline to month 6 of exposure (week 25 in the groups that received monthly doses and week 27 in the groups that received more frequent doses). RESULTS The median baseline lipoprotein(a) levels in the six groups ranged from 204.5 to 246.6 nmol per liter. Administration of APO(a)-LRx resulted in dose-dependent decreases in lipoprotein(a) levels, with mean percent decreases of 35% at a dose of 20 mg every 4 weeks, 56% at 40 mg every 4 weeks, 58% at 20 mg every 2 weeks, 72% at 60 mg every 4 weeks, and 80% at 20 mg every week, as compared with 6% with placebo (P values for the comparison with placebo ranged from 0.003 to <0.001). There were no significant differences between any APO(a)-LRx dose and placebo with respect to platelet counts, liver and renal measures, or influenza-like symptoms. The most common adverse events were injection-site reactions. CONCLUSIONS APO(a)-LRx reduced lipoprotein(a) levels in a dose-dependent manner in patients who had elevated lipoprotein(a) levels and established cardiovascular disease. (Funded by Akcea Therapeutics; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03070782.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Tsimikas
- From the Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.T.) and Endocrinology and Metabolism (J.L.W.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (S.T., S.X., N.J.V.) - both in California; Akcea Therapeutics, Boston (E.K.-P., J.G., L.O.); Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (I.G.-B.); Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-C.T.); Excel Medical Clinical Trials, Boca Raton, FL (S.J.B.); the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (E.S.-T.), and the Division of Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald (E.S.-T.) - both in Germany; the Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.D.S.); the Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.S.S.); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (P.M.M.); and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry and the Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev (B.G.N.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (B.G.N.) - all in Denmark
| | - Ewa Karwatowska-Prokopczuk
- From the Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.T.) and Endocrinology and Metabolism (J.L.W.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (S.T., S.X., N.J.V.) - both in California; Akcea Therapeutics, Boston (E.K.-P., J.G., L.O.); Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (I.G.-B.); Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-C.T.); Excel Medical Clinical Trials, Boca Raton, FL (S.J.B.); the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (E.S.-T.), and the Division of Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald (E.S.-T.) - both in Germany; the Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.D.S.); the Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.S.S.); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (P.M.M.); and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry and the Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev (B.G.N.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (B.G.N.) - all in Denmark
| | - Ioanna Gouni-Berthold
- From the Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.T.) and Endocrinology and Metabolism (J.L.W.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (S.T., S.X., N.J.V.) - both in California; Akcea Therapeutics, Boston (E.K.-P., J.G., L.O.); Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (I.G.-B.); Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-C.T.); Excel Medical Clinical Trials, Boca Raton, FL (S.J.B.); the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (E.S.-T.), and the Division of Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald (E.S.-T.) - both in Germany; the Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.D.S.); the Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.S.S.); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (P.M.M.); and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry and the Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev (B.G.N.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (B.G.N.) - all in Denmark
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- From the Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.T.) and Endocrinology and Metabolism (J.L.W.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (S.T., S.X., N.J.V.) - both in California; Akcea Therapeutics, Boston (E.K.-P., J.G., L.O.); Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (I.G.-B.); Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-C.T.); Excel Medical Clinical Trials, Boca Raton, FL (S.J.B.); the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (E.S.-T.), and the Division of Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald (E.S.-T.) - both in Germany; the Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.D.S.); the Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.S.S.); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (P.M.M.); and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry and the Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev (B.G.N.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (B.G.N.) - all in Denmark
| | - Seth J Baum
- From the Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.T.) and Endocrinology and Metabolism (J.L.W.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (S.T., S.X., N.J.V.) - both in California; Akcea Therapeutics, Boston (E.K.-P., J.G., L.O.); Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (I.G.-B.); Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-C.T.); Excel Medical Clinical Trials, Boca Raton, FL (S.J.B.); the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (E.S.-T.), and the Division of Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald (E.S.-T.) - both in Germany; the Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.D.S.); the Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.S.S.); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (P.M.M.); and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry and the Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev (B.G.N.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (B.G.N.) - all in Denmark
| | - Elizabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen
- From the Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.T.) and Endocrinology and Metabolism (J.L.W.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (S.T., S.X., N.J.V.) - both in California; Akcea Therapeutics, Boston (E.K.-P., J.G., L.O.); Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (I.G.-B.); Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-C.T.); Excel Medical Clinical Trials, Boca Raton, FL (S.J.B.); the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (E.S.-T.), and the Division of Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald (E.S.-T.) - both in Germany; the Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.D.S.); the Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.S.S.); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (P.M.M.); and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry and the Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev (B.G.N.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (B.G.N.) - all in Denmark
| | - Michael D Shapiro
- From the Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.T.) and Endocrinology and Metabolism (J.L.W.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (S.T., S.X., N.J.V.) - both in California; Akcea Therapeutics, Boston (E.K.-P., J.G., L.O.); Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (I.G.-B.); Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-C.T.); Excel Medical Clinical Trials, Boca Raton, FL (S.J.B.); the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (E.S.-T.), and the Division of Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald (E.S.-T.) - both in Germany; the Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.D.S.); the Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.S.S.); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (P.M.M.); and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry and the Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev (B.G.N.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (B.G.N.) - all in Denmark
| | - Erik S Stroes
- From the Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.T.) and Endocrinology and Metabolism (J.L.W.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (S.T., S.X., N.J.V.) - both in California; Akcea Therapeutics, Boston (E.K.-P., J.G., L.O.); Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (I.G.-B.); Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-C.T.); Excel Medical Clinical Trials, Boca Raton, FL (S.J.B.); the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (E.S.-T.), and the Division of Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald (E.S.-T.) - both in Germany; the Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.D.S.); the Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.S.S.); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (P.M.M.); and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry and the Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev (B.G.N.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (B.G.N.) - all in Denmark
| | - Patrick M Moriarty
- From the Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.T.) and Endocrinology and Metabolism (J.L.W.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (S.T., S.X., N.J.V.) - both in California; Akcea Therapeutics, Boston (E.K.-P., J.G., L.O.); Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (I.G.-B.); Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-C.T.); Excel Medical Clinical Trials, Boca Raton, FL (S.J.B.); the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (E.S.-T.), and the Division of Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald (E.S.-T.) - both in Germany; the Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.D.S.); the Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.S.S.); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (P.M.M.); and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry and the Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev (B.G.N.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (B.G.N.) - all in Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- From the Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.T.) and Endocrinology and Metabolism (J.L.W.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (S.T., S.X., N.J.V.) - both in California; Akcea Therapeutics, Boston (E.K.-P., J.G., L.O.); Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (I.G.-B.); Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-C.T.); Excel Medical Clinical Trials, Boca Raton, FL (S.J.B.); the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (E.S.-T.), and the Division of Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald (E.S.-T.) - both in Germany; the Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.D.S.); the Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.S.S.); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (P.M.M.); and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry and the Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev (B.G.N.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (B.G.N.) - all in Denmark
| | - Shuting Xia
- From the Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.T.) and Endocrinology and Metabolism (J.L.W.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (S.T., S.X., N.J.V.) - both in California; Akcea Therapeutics, Boston (E.K.-P., J.G., L.O.); Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (I.G.-B.); Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-C.T.); Excel Medical Clinical Trials, Boca Raton, FL (S.J.B.); the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (E.S.-T.), and the Division of Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald (E.S.-T.) - both in Germany; the Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.D.S.); the Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.S.S.); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (P.M.M.); and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry and the Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev (B.G.N.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (B.G.N.) - all in Denmark
| | - Jonathan Guerriero
- From the Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.T.) and Endocrinology and Metabolism (J.L.W.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (S.T., S.X., N.J.V.) - both in California; Akcea Therapeutics, Boston (E.K.-P., J.G., L.O.); Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (I.G.-B.); Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-C.T.); Excel Medical Clinical Trials, Boca Raton, FL (S.J.B.); the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (E.S.-T.), and the Division of Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald (E.S.-T.) - both in Germany; the Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.D.S.); the Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.S.S.); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (P.M.M.); and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry and the Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev (B.G.N.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (B.G.N.) - all in Denmark
| | - Nicholas J Viney
- From the Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.T.) and Endocrinology and Metabolism (J.L.W.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (S.T., S.X., N.J.V.) - both in California; Akcea Therapeutics, Boston (E.K.-P., J.G., L.O.); Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (I.G.-B.); Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-C.T.); Excel Medical Clinical Trials, Boca Raton, FL (S.J.B.); the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (E.S.-T.), and the Division of Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald (E.S.-T.) - both in Germany; the Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.D.S.); the Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.S.S.); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (P.M.M.); and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry and the Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev (B.G.N.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (B.G.N.) - all in Denmark
| | - Louis O'Dea
- From the Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.T.) and Endocrinology and Metabolism (J.L.W.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (S.T., S.X., N.J.V.) - both in California; Akcea Therapeutics, Boston (E.K.-P., J.G., L.O.); Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (I.G.-B.); Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-C.T.); Excel Medical Clinical Trials, Boca Raton, FL (S.J.B.); the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (E.S.-T.), and the Division of Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald (E.S.-T.) - both in Germany; the Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.D.S.); the Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.S.S.); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (P.M.M.); and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry and the Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev (B.G.N.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (B.G.N.) - all in Denmark
| | - Joseph L Witztum
- From the Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.T.) and Endocrinology and Metabolism (J.L.W.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, and Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad (S.T., S.X., N.J.V.) - both in California; Akcea Therapeutics, Boston (E.K.-P., J.G., L.O.); Polyclinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (I.G.-B.); Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal (J.-C.T.); Excel Medical Clinical Trials, Boca Raton, FL (S.J.B.); the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin (E.S.-T.), and the Division of Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald (E.S.-T.) - both in Germany; the Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.D.S.); the Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam (E.S.S.); the Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (P.M.M.); and the Department of Clinical Biochemistry and the Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev (B.G.N.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (B.G.N.) - all in Denmark
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Inflammatory Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Risk Stratification in Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:25-52. [PMID: 32691159 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a frequent autosomal genetic disease characterized by elevated concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) from birth with increased risk of premature atherosclerotic complications. Accumulating evidence has shown enhanced inflammation in patients with FH. In vessels, the deposition of modified cholesterol lipoproteins triggers local inflammation. Then, inflammation facilitates fatty streak formation by activating the endothelium to produce chemokines and adhesion molecules. This process eventually results in the uptake of vascular oxidized LDL (OxLDL) by scavenger receptors in monocyte-derived macrophages and formation of foam cells. Further leukocyte recruitment into the sub-endothelial space leads to plaque progression and activation of smooth muscle cells proliferation. Several inflammatory biomarkers have been reported in this setting which can be directly synthetized by activated inflammatory/vascular cells or can be indirectly produced by organs other than vessels, e.g., liver. Of note, inflammation is boosted in FH patients. Inflammatory biomarkers might improve the risk stratification for coronary heart disease and predict atherosclerotic events in FH patients. This review aims at summarizing the current knowledge about the role of inflammation in FH and the potential application of inflammatory biomarkers for cardiovascular risk estimation in these patients.
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Cherepanova OA, Srikakulapu P, Greene ES, Chaklader M, Haskins RM, McCanna ME, Bandyopadhyay S, Ban B, Leitinger N, McNamara CA, Owens GK. Novel Autoimmune IgM Antibody Attenuates Atherosclerosis in IgM Deficient Low-Fat Diet-Fed, but Not Western Diet-Fed Apoe-/- Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:206-219. [PMID: 31645128 PMCID: PMC7006879 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidized phospholipids (OxPL), such as the oxidized derivatives of 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, 1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, and 1-palmitoyl-2-glutaroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, have been shown to be the principal biologically active components of minimally oxidized LDL (low-density lipoprotein). The role of OxPL in cardiovascular diseases is well recognized, including activation of inflammation within vascular cells. Atherosclerotic Apoe-/- mice fed a high-fat diet develop antibodies to OxPL, and hybridoma B-cell lines producing natural anti-OxPL autoantibodies have been successfully generated and characterized. However, as yet, no studies have been reported demonstrating that treatment with OxPL neutralizing antibodies can be used to prevent or reverse advanced atherosclerosis. Approach and Results: Here, using a screening against 1-palmitoyl-2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine/1-palmitoyl-2-glutaroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, we generated a novel IgM autoantibody, 10C12, from the spleens of Apoe-/- mice fed a long-term Western diet, that demonstrated potent OxPL neutralizing activity in vitro and the ability to inhibit macrophage accumulation within arteries of Apoe-/- mice fed a Western diet for 4 weeks. Of interest, 10C12 failed to inhibit atherosclerosis progression in Apoe-/- mice treated between 18 and 26 weeks of Western diet feeding likely due at least in part to high levels of endogenous anti-OxPL antibodies. However, 10C12 treatment caused a 40% decrease in lipid accumulation within aortas of secreted IgM deficient, sIgM-/-Apoe-/-, mice fed a low-fat diet, when the antibody was administrated between 32-40 weeks of age. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results provide direct evidence showing that treatment with a single autoimmune anti-OxPL IgM antibody during advanced disease stages can have an atheroprotective outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Cherepanova
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, USA
| | - Prasad Srikakulapu
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Elizabeth S. Greene
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Malay Chaklader
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, USA
| | - Ryan M. Haskins
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mary E. McCanna
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Smarajit Bandyopadhyay
- Molecular Biotechnology Core, Research Core Services, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, USA
| | - Bhupal Ban
- Antibody Engineering and Technology Core, University of Virginia, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, USA
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, USA
| | - Norbert Leitinger
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Coleen A. McNamara
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Gary K. Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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