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Klaus T, Hieber C, Bros M, Grabbe S. Integrins in Health and Disease-Suitable Targets for Treatment? Cells 2024; 13:212. [PMID: 38334604 PMCID: PMC10854705 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Integrin receptors are heterodimeric surface receptors that play multiple roles regarding cell-cell communication, signaling, and migration. The four members of the β2 integrin subfamily are composed of an alternative α (CD11a-d) subunit, which determines the specific receptor properties, and a constant β (CD18) subunit. This review aims to present insight into the multiple immunological roles of integrin receptors, with a focus on β2 integrins that are specifically expressed by leukocytes. The pathophysiological role of β2 integrins is confirmed by the drastic phenotype of patients suffering from leukocyte adhesion deficiencies, most often resulting in severe recurrent infections and, at the same time, a predisposition for autoimmune diseases. So far, studies on the role of β2 integrins in vivo employed mice with a constitutive knockout of all β2 integrins or either family member, respectively, which complicated the differentiation between the direct and indirect effects of β2 integrin deficiency for distinct cell types. The recent generation and characterization of transgenic mice with a cell-type-specific knockdown of β2 integrins by our group has enabled the dissection of cell-specific roles of β2 integrins. Further, integrin receptors have been recognized as target receptors for the treatment of inflammatory diseases as well as tumor therapy. However, whereas both agonistic and antagonistic agents yielded beneficial effects in animal models, the success of clinical trials was limited in most cases and was associated with unwanted side effects. This unfavorable outcome is most probably related to the systemic effects of the used compounds on all leukocytes, thereby emphasizing the need to develop formulations that target distinct types of leukocytes to modulate β2 integrin activity for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.K.); (C.H.); (M.B.)
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Casaro S, Prim JG, Gonzalez TD, Bisinotto RS, Chebel RC, Marrero MG, Silva ACM, Santos JEP, Nelson CD, Laporta J, Jeon SJ, Bicalho RC, Driver JP, Galvão KN. Unraveling the immune and metabolic changes associated with metritis in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:9244-9259. [PMID: 37641354 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to unravel the peripartum immune and metabolic changes associated with metritis in Holstein cows. Holstein cows (n = 128) had blood collected at -14, 0, 3, and 7 d relative to parturition (DRP). Flow cytometry was used to evaluate blood leukocyte counts, proportions, and activation. Total cells, live cells, single cells, monocytes (CD172α+/CD14+), polymorphonuclears (CD172α+/CD14-/SSChigh), B-cells (CD21+/MHCII+), CD4+ T-cells (CD4+), CD8+ T-cells (CD8+), and γδ T-cells (γδTCR+) were evaluated. Both CD62L and CD11b were used as markers of cell activation. Major histocompatibility complex class II was used as a marker of antigen presentation in monocytes. A Milliplex Bovine Cytokine/Chemokine 08-plex kit was used to evaluate plasma concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α. The body weight (BW) change prepartum was calculated as the difference between calving BW and prepartum BW divided by the number of days between measurements. Plasma fatty acids (FA) were measured at -14 and 0 DRP using untargeted gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed by ANOVA for repeated measures. Cows that developed metritis (n = 57) had greater prepartum BW, prepartum BW loss, and greater FA concentrations at calving. Plasma FA at calving was positively correlated with IL-1β. Cows that developed metritis had persistent systemic inflammation, which was demonstrated by greater B-cell activation, greater pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations, and greater cell damage pre- and postpartum. Postpartum, we observed greater polymorphonuclear cell activation and extravasation but lesser monocytes and CD4+ T-cells activation and extravasation, which suggests postpartum immune tolerance. Greater prepartum adiposity in cows that developed metritis may lead to systemic inflammation pre- and postpartum and immune tolerance postpartum, which may lead to failure to prevent bacterial infection, and development of puerperal metritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Casaro
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - J G Prim
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - T D Gonzalez
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - R S Bisinotto
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - R C Chebel
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - M G Marrero
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - A C M Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - J E P Santos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610; D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - C D Nelson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610; D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - J Laporta
- Department of Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - S J Jeon
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Long Island University, Brookville, NY 11548
| | - R C Bicalho
- FERA Diagnostics and Biologicals, College Station, TX 77845
| | - J P Driver
- Division of Animals Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - K N Galvão
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610; D. H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610.
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Rau J, Weise L, Moore R, Terminel M, Brakel K, Cunningham R, Bryan J, Stefanov A, Hook MA. Intrathecal minocycline does not block the adverse effects of repeated, intravenous morphine administration on recovery of function after SCI. Exp Neurol 2023; 359:114255. [PMID: 36279935 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Opioids are among the most effective analgesics for the management of pain in the acute phase of a spinal cord injury (SCI), and approximately 80% of patients are treated with morphine in the first 24 h following SCI. We have found that morphine treatment in the first 7 days after SCI increases symptoms of pain at 42 days post-injury and undermines the recovery of locomotor function in a rodent model. Prior research has implicated microglia/macrophages in opioid-induced hyperalgesia and the development of neuropathic pain. We hypothesized that glial activation may also underlie the development of morphine-induced pain and cell death after SCI. Supporting this hypothesis, our previous studies found that intrathecal and intravenous morphine increase the number of activated microglia and macrophages present at the spinal lesion site, and that the adverse effects of intrathecal morphine can be blocked with intrathecal minocycline. Recognizing that the cellular expression of opioid receptors, and the intracellular signaling pathways engaged, can change with repeated administration of opioids, the current study tested whether minocycline was also protective with repeated intravenous morphine administration, more closely simulating clinical treatment. Using a rat model of SCI, we co-administered intravenous morphine and intrathecal minocycline for the first 7 days post injury and monitored sensory and locomotor recovery. Contrary to our hypothesis and previous findings with intrathecal morphine, we found that minocycline did not prevent the negative effects of morphine. Surprisingly, we also found that intrathecal minocycline alone is detrimental for locomotor recovery after SCI. Using ex vivo cell cultures, we investigated how minocycline and morphine altered microglia/macrophage function. Commensurate with published studies, we found that minocycline blocked the effects of morphine on the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines but, like morphine, it increased glial phagocytosis. While phagocytosis is critical for the removal of cellular and extracellular debris at the spinal injury site, increased phagocytosis after injury has been linked to the clearance of stressed but viable neurons and protracted inflammation. In sum, our data suggest that both morphine and minocycline alter the acute immune response, and reduce locomotor recovery after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephina Rau
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Address: 8447 Riverside Parkway, Medical and Research Education Building 1, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Address: 301 Old Main Drive, Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Building, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Lara Weise
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Address: 8447 Riverside Parkway, Medical and Research Education Building 1, Bryan, TX 77807, USA.
| | - Robbie Moore
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Address: 8447 Riverside Parkway, Medical and Research Education Building 2, Bryan, TX 77807, USA.
| | - Mabel Terminel
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Address: 8447 Riverside Parkway, Medical and Research Education Building 1, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Address: 301 Old Main Drive, Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Building, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kiralyn Brakel
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Address: 8447 Riverside Parkway, Medical and Research Education Building 1, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Address: 301 Old Main Drive, Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Building, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Rachel Cunningham
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Address: 8447 Riverside Parkway, Medical and Research Education Building 1, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Jessica Bryan
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Address: 8447 Riverside Parkway, Medical and Research Education Building 1, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Address: 301 Old Main Drive, Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Building, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Alexander Stefanov
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Address: 8447 Riverside Parkway, Medical and Research Education Building 1, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Address: 301 Old Main Drive, Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Building, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Michelle A Hook
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Address: 8447 Riverside Parkway, Medical and Research Education Building 1, Bryan, TX 77807, USA; Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Address: 301 Old Main Drive, Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Building, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Casaro S, Marrero M, Madrid D, Prim J, Nelson C, Galvão K, Laporta J, Driver J. Flow cytometry panels for immunophenotyping dairy cattle peripheral blood leukocytes. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2022; 248:110417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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The Role of Cytokines in Maintaining the Dynamics of Cell-Cell Interaction between Natural Killer Cells and Trophoblast Cells. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 172:622-631. [PMID: 35352255 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05444-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the effect of individual cytokines that are secretory products of placenta typical of the uteroplacental bed. The proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IFNγ, and IL-1β increased the expression of TGFβR2 molecule by trophoblast cells, while VEGF and PLGF increased the expression of CD45, CD29, and CD54 adhesion molecule by trophoblast cells. The antiinflammatory cytokine IL-4 increased LeptinR expression by trophoblast cells. PMA and TNFα also enhanced the adhesion of NK cells to trophoblast cells. Our findings suggest that NK cells involved CD11a, CD11b, and CD18 molecules during their transmigration through trophoblast, as well as during their transendothelial migration.
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Tang Q, Cen Z, Lu J, Dong J, Qin L, Lu F, Wu W. The abnormal distribution of peripheral B1 cells and transition B cells in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: a pilot study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:78. [PMID: 35246021 PMCID: PMC8895850 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aberrant distribution of peripheral B cell subsets is associated with the pathogenesis of a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. However, the distribution of peripheral B cell subsets in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) remains to be elucidated.
Methods Twenty-seven patients with idiopathic DCM (DCM group), 18 control patients with heart failure (HF group) and 21 healthy individuals (HC group) were included in this study. Peripheral B cell subsets were analysed using multicolour flow cytometry. The plasma β1 adrenergic receptor (β1-AR) autoantibody titre was determined using ELISA. Additionally, clinical features were also collected. Results Compared with the HF and HC groups, the percentage of B1 cells was significantly decreased, whereas the percentage of transitional B cells (Tr) was significantly increased in the DCM group. Notably, the percentage of B1 cells was significantly lower in patients with β1-AR autoantibody-positive DCM than in β1-AR autoantibody-negative patients. The correlation analysis showed that the percentage of B1 cells was negatively correlated with N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels and positively correlated with the left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with DCM. Conclusion As shown in the present study, the percentage of B1 cells in the peripheral blood of patients with idiopathic DCM is abnormally decreased, especially in β1-AR autoantibody-positive patients, while the percentage of Tr cells is significantly increased, indicating that B1 cells and Tr cells may be implicated in the pathogenesis of idiopathic DCM. The decrease in the percentage of B1 cells is directly related to the severity of DCM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-022-02461-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Cardiovascular Institute, Shuangyong Road 6, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Cen
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Cardiovascular Institute, Shuangyong Road 6, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Cardiovascular Institute, Shuangyong Road 6, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Dong
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Cardiovascular Institute, Shuangyong Road 6, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530022, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyu Lu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Cardiovascular Institute, Shuangyong Road 6, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Cardiovascular Institute, Shuangyong Road 6, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Update on B Cell Response in Periodontitis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1373:175-193. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96881-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhou M, Dascani P, Ding C, Kos JT, Tieri D, Lin X, Caster D, Powell D, Wen C, Watson CT, Yan J. Integrin CD11b Negatively Regulates B Cell Receptor Signaling to Shape Humoral Response during Immunization and Autoimmunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1785-1797. [PMID: 34470858 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our previous work has revealed the ability of CD11b to regulate BCR signaling and control autoimmune disease in mice. However, how CD11b regulates the immune response under normal conditions remains unknown. Through the use of a CD11b knockout model on a nonautoimmune background, we demonstrated that CD11b-deficient mice have an elevated Ag-specific humoral response on immunization. Deletion of CD11b resulted in elevated low-affinity and high-affinity IgG Ab and increases in Ag-specific germinal center B cells and plasma cells (PCs). Examination of BCR signaling in CD11b-deficient mice revealed defects in association of negative regulators pLyn and CD22 with the BCR, but increases in colocalizations between positive regulator pSyk and BCR after stimulation. Using a CD11b-reporter mouse model, we identified multiple novel CD11b-expressing B cell subsets that are dynamically altered during immunization. Subsequent experiments using a cell-specific CD11b deletion model revealed this effect to be B cell intrinsic and not altered by myeloid cell CD11b expression. Importantly, CD11b expression on PCs also impacts on BCR repertoire selection and diversity in autoimmunity. These studies describe a novel role for CD11b in regulation of the healthy humoral response and autoimmunity, and reveal previously unknown populations of CD11b-expressing B cell subsets, suggesting a complex function for CD11b in B cells during development and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqian Zhou
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr. Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY.,College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Paul Dascani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Chuanlin Ding
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr. Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
| | - Justin T Kos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; and
| | - David Tieri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; and
| | - Xiaoying Lin
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr. Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY.,College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dawn Caster
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - David Powell
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Chengping Wen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Corey T Watson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; and
| | - Jun Yan
- Division of Immunotherapy, The Hiram C. Polk, Jr. Department of Surgery, Immuno-Oncology Program, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY; .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY
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Chacon Alberty L, Perin EC, Willerson JT, Gahremanpour A, Bolli R, Yang PC, Traverse JH, Lai D, Pepine CJ, Taylor DA. Peripheral Blood Biomarkers Associated With Improved Functional Outcome in Patients With Chronic Left Ventricular Dysfunction: A Biorepository Evaluation of the FOCUS-CCTRN Trial. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:698088. [PMID: 34540912 PMCID: PMC8446350 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.698088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy trials for heart failure (HF) have shown modest improvement; however, the mechanisms underlying improvement in some patients but not others are not well understood. Although immune cells are important in the course of HF, our understanding of the immune processes in HF is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between temporal changes in peripheral blood (PB) cell subpopulations and improved outcome in patients with chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy after bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell therapy or placebo in the FOCUS-CCTRN trial. Peripheral blood was collected at days 0, 1, 30, 90, and 180 from consented participants. We used flow cytometry to compare PB populations in patients with the best (cohort 1) or worst functional outcome (cohort 2) in three primary endpoints: left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, LV end-systolic volume, and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max). A linear mixed model was used to assess changes over time in 32 cell populations. The difference between each time point and baseline was calculated as linear contrast. Compared with cohort 2, patients who improved (cohort 1) had a higher frequency of CD45+CD19+ B cells at days 0, 1, 90, and 180. CD11B+ cells increased over baseline at day 1 in both cohorts and remained higher in cohort 2 until day 30. CD45+CD133+ progenitor cells decreased over baseline at day 30 in cohort 1. We identified specific cell subpopulations associated with improved cardiac function in patients with chronic LV dysfunction. These findings may improve patient selection and prediction of outcomes in cell therapy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emerson C Perin
- Stem Cell Center, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Amir Gahremanpour
- Hospital Corporation of America-Houston Heart, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Roberto Bolli
- School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Phillip C Yang
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jay H Traverse
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott Northwestern Hospital and University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Dejian Lai
- UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Carl J Pepine
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Doris A Taylor
- Regenerative Medicine Department, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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BCR activated CLL B cells use both CR3 (CD11b/CD18) and CR4 (CD11c/CD18) for adhesion while CR4 has a dominant role in migration towards SDF-1. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254853. [PMID: 34283878 PMCID: PMC8291664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is the most common leukaemia in the western world. In previous studies, various proportion of patients was found to carry CD11b+ or CD11c+ B cells whose presence was an unfavourable prognostic factor. The exact mechanism however, how these receptors contribute to the pathogenesis of CLL has not been revealed so far. Here we analysed the role of CD11b and CD11c on B cells of CLL patients in the adhesion to fibrinogen and in the migration towards stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and studied the role of CR4 in the adherence of the CD11c+ B cell line BJAB. We observed that both CR3 and CR4 mediate adhesion of the malignant B cells. Moreover, we found, that CR4 was strongly involved in the migration of the leukemic cells towards the chemoattractant SDF-1. Our data suggest that CR3 and CR4 are not only passive markers on CLL B cells, but they might contribute to the progression of the disease. Since the role of SDF-1 is prominent in the migration of CLL cells into the bone marrow where their survival is supported, our findings help to understand how the presence of CD11c on leukemic B cells can worsen the prognosis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.
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Erdei A, Kovács KG, Nagy-Baló Z, Lukácsi S, Mácsik-Valent B, Kurucz I, Bajtay Z. New aspects in the regulation of human B cell functions by complement receptors CR1, CR2, CR3 and CR4. Immunol Lett 2021; 237:42-57. [PMID: 34186155 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of complement in the regulation of antibody responses has been known for long. By now several additional B cell functions - including cytokine production and antigen presentation - have also been shown to be regulated by complement proteins. Most of these important activities are mediated by receptors interacting with activation fragments of the central component of the complement system C3, such as C3b, iC3b and C3d, which are covalently attached to antigens and immune complexes. This review summarizes the role of complement receptors interacting with these ligands, namely CR1 (CD35), CR2 (CD21), CR3 (CD11b/CD18) and CR4 (CD11c/CD18) expressed by B cells in health and disease. Although we focus on human B lymphocytes, we also aim to call the attention to important differences between human and mouse systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Erdei
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Kristóf G Kovács
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Nagy-Baló
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Lukácsi
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - István Kurucz
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Bajtay
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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Harris DA, Subramaniam R, Brenner T, Tavakkoli A, Sheu EG. Weight and organ specific immune cell profiling of sleeve gastrectomy in mice. Metabolism 2021; 118:154729. [PMID: 33607195 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has profound, immediate weight-loss independent effects on obesity related diabetes (T2D). Our prior studies have shown that immunologic remodeling may play a part in this metabolic improvement. However, to date, little is known about how the major immune cell populations change following SG and whether these are weight loss dependent. METHODS Using mass cytometry with time of flight analysis (CyTOF), we broadly quantified the organ-specific immune cell repertoire induced by SG from splenic, jejunal, ileal, colonic, and hepatic lymphocyte fractions. Surgeries were performed in both diet-induced obese (DIO), insulin resistant mice and lean mice, which leads to sustained and non-sustained weight loss in SG animals compared to shams, respectively. Intergroup comparisons allow understanding of the relative contribution of diet, weight-loss, and surgery on immune profiling. Conserved immune changes represent surgery-specific, weight-independent, and diet-independent phenotypic changes. RESULTS Initial analysis by way of visualization of t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding analysis revealed changes in the B cell compartment following SG in both DIO and lean mice compared to Sham animals. In depth, traditional gating showed a shift within the splenic B cell compartment toward innate-like phenotype. There was a 1.3-fold reduction in follicular B cells within DIO SG (14% absolute reduction; p = 0.009) and lean SG (15% absolute reduction; p = 0.031) animals with a significant increase in innate-like B cell subsets in DIO SG mice(2.2 to 4.3-fold increase; p < 0.05). There was a similar trend toward increased innate B cell subsets in lean SG mice. There was a concomitant increase in multiple circulating immunoglobulin classes in both models. Further, lean (p = 0.009) and DIO SG animals (p = 0.015) had a conserved 5.5-fold and 5.7-fold increase, respectively, in splenic neutrophils and tendency toward M2 macrophage polarization. CONCLUSIONS SG induces surgery-specific, weight-loss independent immune cells changes that have been previously linked to improved glucose metabolism. This immune phenotype may be a major contributor to post SG physiology. Characterizing the complex immune milieu following SG is an important step toward understanding the physiology of SG and the potential therapies therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Harris
- Laboratory for Surgical and Metabolic Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Renuka Subramaniam
- Laboratory for Surgical and Metabolic Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Todd Brenner
- Laboratory for Surgical and Metabolic Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Ali Tavakkoli
- Laboratory for Surgical and Metabolic Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Eric G Sheu
- Laboratory for Surgical and Metabolic Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
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13
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Hadrian K, Willenborg S, Bock F, Cursiefen C, Eming SA, Hos D. Macrophage-Mediated Tissue Vascularization: Similarities and Differences Between Cornea and Skin. Front Immunol 2021; 12:667830. [PMID: 33897716 PMCID: PMC8058454 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.667830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are critical mediators of tissue vascularization both in health and disease. In multiple tissues, macrophages have been identified as important regulators of both blood and lymphatic vessel growth, specifically following tissue injury and in pathological inflammatory responses. In development, macrophages have also been implicated in limiting vascular growth. Hence, macrophages provide an important therapeutic target to modulate tissue vascularization in the clinic. However, the molecular mechanisms how macrophages mediate tissue vascularization are still not entirely resolved. Furthermore, mechanisms might also vary among different tissues. Here we review the role of macrophages in tissue vascularization with a focus on their role in blood and lymphatic vessel formation in the barrier tissues cornea and skin. Comparing mechanisms of macrophage-mediated hem- and lymphangiogenesis in the angiogenically privileged cornea and the physiologically vascularized skin provides an opportunity to highlight similarities but also tissue-specific differences, and to understand how macrophage-mediated hem- and lymphangiogenesis can be exploited for the treatment of disease, including corneal wound healing after injury, graft rejection after corneal transplantation or pathological vascularization of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Hadrian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Felix Bock
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabine A Eming
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Developmental Biology Unit, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Deniz Hos
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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14
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Ochocka N, Segit P, Walentynowicz KA, Wojnicki K, Cyranowski S, Swatler J, Mieczkowski J, Kaminska B. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals functional heterogeneity of glioma-associated brain macrophages. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1151. [PMID: 33608526 PMCID: PMC7895824 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21407-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are resident myeloid cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that control homeostasis and protect CNS from damage and infections. Microglia and peripheral myeloid cells accumulate and adapt tumor supporting roles in human glioblastomas that show prevalence in men. Cell heterogeneity and functional phenotypes of myeloid subpopulations in gliomas remain elusive. Here we show single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of CD11b+ myeloid cells in naïve and GL261 glioma-bearing mice that reveal distinct profiles of microglia, infiltrating monocytes/macrophages and CNS border-associated macrophages. We demonstrate an unforeseen molecular heterogeneity among myeloid cells in naïve and glioma-bearing brains, validate selected marker proteins and show distinct spatial distribution of identified subsets in experimental gliomas. We find higher expression of MHCII encoding genes in glioma-activated male microglia, which was corroborated in bulk and scRNA-seq data from human diffuse gliomas. Our data suggest that sex-specific gene expression in glioma-activated microglia may be relevant to the incidence and outcomes of glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ochocka
- grid.419305.a0000 0001 1943 2944Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Segit
- grid.419305.a0000 0001 1943 2944Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kacper Adam Walentynowicz
- grid.419305.a0000 0001 1943 2944Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Wojnicki
- grid.419305.a0000 0001 1943 2944Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Salwador Cyranowski
- grid.419305.a0000 0001 1943 2944Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland ,grid.13339.3b0000000113287408Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julian Swatler
- grid.419305.a0000 0001 1943 2944Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Mieczkowski
- grid.419305.a0000 0001 1943 2944Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bozena Kaminska
- grid.419305.a0000 0001 1943 2944Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Nagy-Baló Z, Kiss R, Menge A, Bödör C, Bajtay Z, Erdei A. Activated Human Memory B Lymphocytes Use CR4 (CD11c/CD18) for Adhesion, Migration, and Proliferation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:565458. [PMID: 33133077 PMCID: PMC7550640 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.565458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement receptors CR3 (CD11b/CD18) and CR4 (CD11c/CD18) of myeloid cells are known for long to participate in actin linked functions like phagocytosis, adhesion, and migration. The expression and role of these two β2-integrins however, in human B lymphocytes have only scarcely been studied so far, although it has been shown recently that CD11c+ B cells are mainly memory cells. In our systematic study we investigated B cells isolated from tonsils and peripheral blood of healthy donors. We found, that while only 5% of resting tonsillar B cells expressed CD11c, their number increased up to 26% after 3 days of BCR stimulation. Lower, but still remarkable percentage of B lymphocytes were positive for CD11c after stimulation via TLR9 alone or via TLR9 and BCR simultaneously. At the same time, we detected no significant expression of CD11b on resting or activated tonsillar B cells. Blood B lymphocytes showed a similar expression pattern of both β2-integrins. We demonstrated that CD11c molecules appearing on the surface of B cells are newly synthesized, reaching the number of 9,500 per activated B cell. We found that CR4 expressing B cells belong to the memory pool and the increase of CD11c expression on tonsillar B cells upon BCR mediated activation occurs parallel with class switching. Analysis of the function of CD11c revealed, that this β2-integrin contributes to the adhesion and migration of activated B lymphocytes. We also demonstrated that the CR4 mediated adhesion promotes the proliferation of the BCR activated cells. Our studies are the first to demonstrate that CD11c expressed on BCR-activated human B cells are not only passive markers but functional drivers of memory B cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Nagy-Baló
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Richárd Kiss
- MTA-SE Momentum Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alina Menge
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Bödör
- MTA-SE Momentum Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Bajtay
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Erdei
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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16
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Klein Y, Fleissig O, Polak D, Barenholz Y, Mandelboim O, Chaushu S. Immunorthodontics: in vivo gene expression of orthodontic tooth movement. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8172. [PMID: 32424121 PMCID: PMC7235241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a “sterile” inflammatory process. The present study aimed to reveal the underlying biological mechanisms, by studying the force associated-gene expression changes, in a time-dependent manner. Ni-Ti springs were set to move the upper 1st-molar in C57BL/6 mice. OTM was measured by μCT. Total-RNA was extracted from tissue blocks at 1,3,7 and 14-days post force application, and from two control groups: naïve and inactivated spring. Gene-expression profiles were generated by next-generation-RNA-sequencing. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, K-means algorithm and Ingenuity pathway analysis were used for data interpretation. Genes of interest were validated with qRT-PCR. A total of 3075 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, with the greatest number at day 3. Two distinct clusters patterns were recognized: those in which DEGs peaked in the first days and declined thereafter (tissue degradation, phagocytosis, leukocyte extravasation, innate and adaptive immune system responses), and those in which DEGs were initially down-regulated and increased at day 14 (cell proliferation and migration, cytoskeletal rearrangement, tissue homeostasis, angiogenesis). The uncovering of novel innate and adaptive immune processes in OTM led us to propose a new term “Immunorthodontics”. This genomic data can serve as a platform for OTM modulation future approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehuda Klein
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Omer Fleissig
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. .,Lautenberg Center for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - David Polak
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yechezkel Barenholz
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- Lautenberg Center for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Stella Chaushu
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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17
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Yao M, Ventura PB, Jiang Y, Rodriguez FJ, Wang L, Perry JSA, Yang Y, Wahl K, Crittenden RB, Bennett ML, Qi L, Gong CC, Li XN, Barres BA, Bender TP, Ravichandran KS, Janes KA, Eberhart CG, Zong H. Astrocytic trans-Differentiation Completes a Multicellular Paracrine Feedback Loop Required for Medulloblastoma Tumor Growth. Cell 2020; 180:502-520.e19. [PMID: 31983537 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical for tumor progression. However, the establishment and function of the TME remain obscure because of its complex cellular composition. Using a mouse genetic system called mosaic analysis with double markers (MADMs), we delineated TME evolution at single-cell resolution in sonic hedgehog (SHH)-activated medulloblastomas that originate from unipotent granule neuron progenitors in the brain. First, we found that astrocytes within the TME (TuAstrocytes) were trans-differentiated from tumor granule neuron precursors (GNPs), which normally never differentiate into astrocytes. Second, we identified that TME-derived IGF1 promotes tumor progression. Third, we uncovered that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is produced by tumor-associated microglia in response to interleukin-4 (IL-4) stimulation. Finally, we found that IL-4 is secreted by TuAstrocytes. Collectively, our studies reveal an evolutionary process that produces a multi-lateral network within the TME of medulloblastoma: a fraction of tumor cells trans-differentiate into TuAstrocytes, which, in turn, produce IL-4 that stimulates microglia to produce IGF1 to promote tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maojin Yao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - P Britten Ventura
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Fausto J Rodriguez
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Justin S A Perry
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Yibo Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kelsey Wahl
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Rowena B Crittenden
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Mariko L Bennett
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lin Qi
- Brain Tumor Program, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cong-Cong Gong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Nan Li
- Brain Tumor Program, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ben A Barres
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Timothy P Bender
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kodi S Ravichandran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research and Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin A Janes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hui Zong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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18
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Aceves M, Terminel MN, Okoreeh A, Aceves AR, Gong YM, Polanco A, Sohrabji F, Hook MA. Morphine increases macrophages at the lesion site following spinal cord injury: Protective effects of minocycline. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 79:125-138. [PMID: 30684649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids are among the most effective and widely prescribed medications for the treatment of pain following spinal cord injury (SCI). Spinally-injured patients receive opioids within hours of arrival at the emergency room, and prolonged opioid regimens are often employed for the management of post-SCI chronic pain. However, previous studies in our laboratory suggest that the effects of opioids such as morphine may be altered in the pathophysiological context of neurotrauma. Specifically, we have shown that morphine administration in a rodent model of SCI increases mortality and tissue loss at the injury site, and decreases recovery of motor and sensory function, and overall health, even weeks after treatment. The literature suggests that opioids may produce these adverse effects by acting as endotoxins and increasing glial activation and inflammation. To better understand the effects of morphine following SCI, in this study we used flow cytometry to assess immune-competent cells at the lesion site. We observed a morphine-induced increase in the overall number of CD11b+ cells, with marked effects on microglia, in SCI subjects. Next, to investigate whether this increase in the inflammatory profile is necessary to produce morphine's effects, we challenged morphine treatment with minocycline. We found that pre-treatment with minocycline reduced the morphine-induced increase in microglia at the lesion site. More importantly, minocycline also blocked the adverse effects of morphine on recovery of function without disrupting the analgesic efficacy of this opioid. Together, our findings suggest that following SCI, morphine may exacerbate the inflammatory response, increasing cell death at the lesion site and negatively affecting functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Aceves
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, United States.
| | - Mabel N Terminel
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, United States.
| | - Andre Okoreeh
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, United States.
| | - Alejandro R Aceves
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, United States.
| | - Yan Ming Gong
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, United States.
| | - Alan Polanco
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, United States.
| | - Farida Sohrabji
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, United States.
| | - Michelle A Hook
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, United States.
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19
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Illouz T, Madar R, Biragyn A, Okun E. Restoring microglial and astroglial homeostasis using DNA immunization in a Down Syndrome mouse model. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 75:163-180. [PMID: 30389461 PMCID: PMC6358279 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Down Syndrome (DS), the most common cause of genetic intellectual disability, is characterized by over-expression of the APP and DYRK1A genes, located on the triplicated chromosome 21. This chromosomal abnormality leads to a cognitive decline mediated by Amyloid-β (Aβ) overproduction and tau hyper-phosphorylation as early as the age of 40. In this study, we used the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS to evaluate the beneficial effect of a DNA vaccination against the Aβ1-11 fragment, in ameliorating Aβ-related neuropathology and rescue of cognitive and behavioral abilities. Anti-Aβ1-11 vaccination induced antibody production and facilitated clearance of soluble oligomers and small extracellular inclusions of Aβ from the hippocampus and cortex of Ts65Dn mice. This was correlated with reduced neurodegeneration and restoration of the homeostatic phenotype of microglial and astroglial cells. Vaccinated Ts65Dn mice performed better in spatial-learning tasks, exhibited reduced motor hyperactivity typical for this strain, and restored short-term memory abilities. Our findings support the hypothesis that DS individuals may benefit from active immunotherapy against Aβ from a young age by slowing the progression of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Illouz
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; The Paul Feder Laboratory on Alzheimer's Disease Research, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Ravit Madar
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; The Paul Feder Laboratory on Alzheimer's Disease Research, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Arya Biragyn
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, NIA, NIH, MD 21224, USA
| | - Eitan Okun
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel; The Paul Feder Laboratory on Alzheimer's Disease Research, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.
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20
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Beazley-Long N, Moss CE, Ashby WR, Bestall SM, Almahasneh F, Durrant AM, Benest AV, Blackley Z, Ballmer-Hofer K, Hirashima M, Hulse RP, Bates DO, Donaldson LF. VEGFR2 promotes central endothelial activation and the spread of pain in inflammatory arthritis. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 74:49-67. [PMID: 29548992 PMCID: PMC6302073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain can develop in response to conditions such as inflammatory arthritis. The central mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of chronic pain in humans are not well elucidated although there is evidence for a role of microglia and astrocytes. However in pre-clinical models of pain, including models of inflammatory arthritis, there is a wealth of evidence indicating roles for pathological glial reactivity within the CNS. In the spinal dorsal horn of rats with painful inflammatory arthritis we found both a significant increase in CD11b+ microglia-like cells and GFAP+ astrocytes associated with blood vessels, and the number of activated blood vessels expressing the adhesion molecule ICAM-1, indicating potential glio-vascular activation. Using pharmacological interventions targeting VEGFR2 in arthritic rats, to inhibit endothelial cell activation, the number of dorsal horn ICAM-1+ blood vessels, CD11b+ microglia and the development of secondary mechanical allodynia, an indicator of central sensitization, were all prevented. Targeting endothelial VEGFR2 by inducible Tie2-specific VEGFR2 knock-out also prevented secondary allodynia in mice and glio-vascular activation in the dorsal horn in response to inflammatory arthritis. Inhibition of VEGFR2 in vitro significantly blocked ICAM-1-dependent monocyte adhesion to brain microvascular endothelial cells, when stimulated with inflammatory mediators TNF-α and VEGF-A165a. Taken together our findings suggest that a novel VEGFR2-mediated spinal cord glio-vascular mechanism may promote peripheral CD11b+ circulating cell transmigration into the CNS parenchyma and contribute to the development of chronic pain in inflammatory arthritis. We hypothesise that preventing this glio-vascular activation and circulating cell translocation into the spinal cord could be a new therapeutic strategy for pain caused by rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Beazley-Long
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre & School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Catherine Elizabeth Moss
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre & School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - William Robert Ashby
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre & School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Samuel Marcus Bestall
- Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Fatimah Almahasneh
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre & School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Alexandra Margaret Durrant
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre & School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Andrew Vaughan Benest
- Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Zoe Blackley
- Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | | | - Masanori Hirashima
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Richard Phillip Hulse
- Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - David Owen Bates
- Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, QMC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK,COMPARE University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham Midlands, UK
| | - Lucy Frances Donaldson
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre & School of Life Sciences, Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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21
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Comparative Study on In Vitro Culture of Mouse Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:6704583. [PMID: 29760732 PMCID: PMC5924976 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6704583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro culture of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from mouse bone marrow (BM) has been hampered because of the low yield of MSCs during isolation and the contamination of hematopoietic cells during expansion. The lack of specific mouse BM-MSC markers increases the difficulty. Several techniques have been reported to improve the purity and in vitro growth of mouse BM-MSCs. However, systematic report on comparison of characteristics in primary BM-MSCs between different culture conditions is rare. Here, we studied the effects of oxygen concentrations and initial medium replacement intervals, along with cell passages, on mouse BM-MSCs isolated with differential adhesion method. BM-MSCs exhibited elevated proliferative and clonogenic abilities in 5% oxygen compared with 10% and 21% oxygen, as well as a better expression of the MSC marker Sca-1. Adipogenic and osteogenetic differentiation of BM-MSCs can be observed in both 21% and 5% oxygen. Adipogenic differentiation appeared stronger under normoxia conditions. BM-MSCs showed increased proliferative capacity and adipogenic/osteogenetic differentiation potential when initial medium replacement interval was 4 days compared with 1 day. As passage number increased, cells were more MSC-like in morphology and in expression of surface markers (positive for CD29, CD44, and Sca-1 and negative for CD11b, CD19, and CD45). These data provide new insight into optimizing the culture method and understanding the biological characteristics of mouse BM-MSCs during in vitro expansion.
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Li C, Tong F, Ma Y, Qian K, Zhang J, Chen X. Association of the CD11b rs1143679 polymorphism with systemic lupus erythematosus in the Han Chinese population. J Int Med Res 2017; 46:1008-1014. [PMID: 29207897 PMCID: PMC5972232 DOI: 10.1177/0300060517719210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the association of the CD11b single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1143679 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Han Chinese patients, and to clarify this association with SLE clinical manifestations. Methods PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism and direct sequencing of CD11b rs1143679 were conducted in 584 patients with SLE and 628 healthy controls in this case–control study to compare genotype and allele frequency distributions. Correlations between CD11b genotypes and clinical manifestations were also determined. Results The frequency of the CD11b rs1143679 GA genotype was 1.89% in Han Chinese patients with SLE, which was much lower than that of European and American populations, but close to the frequency observed in individuals from Hong Kong and Thailand. The CD11b rs1143679 GA genotype was also shown to confer susceptibility to SLE (odds ratio = 4.00, 95% confidence interval = 1.11–14.41). CD11b rs1143679 was found to be significantly associated with nephritis, but not with age of disease onset, arthritis, hematological involvement, or neural lesions. Conclusion CD11b rs1143679 appears to be associated with risk for SLE in the Han Chinese population, and may play an important role in the development of lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Li
- 1 Department of Rheumatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Yi Ma
- 1 Department of Rheumatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Qian
- 1 Department of Rheumatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junyu Zhang
- 1 Department of Rheumatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingguo Chen
- 1 Department of Rheumatology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Non-identical twins: Different faces of CR3 and CR4 in myeloid and lymphoid cells of mice and men. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 85:110-121. [PMID: 29174917 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are cell membrane receptors that are involved in essential physiological and serious pathological processes. Their main role is to ensure a closely regulated link between the extracellular matrix and the intracellular cytoskeletal network enabling cells to react to environmental stimuli. Complement receptor type 3 (CR3, αMβ2, CD11b/CD18) and type 4 (CR4, αXβ2, CD11c/CD18) are members of the β2-integrin family expressed on most white blood cells. Both receptors bind multiple ligands like iC3b, ICAM, fibrinogen or LPS. β2-integrins are accepted to play important roles in cellular adhesion, migration, phagocytosis, ECM rearrangement and inflammation. Several pathological conditions are linked to the impaired functions of these receptors. CR3 and CR4 are generally thought to mediate overlapping functions in monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells, therefore the potential distinctive role of these receptors has not been investigated so far in satisfactory details. Lately it has become clear that a functional segregation has evolved between the two receptors regarding phagocytosis, cellular adhesion and podosome formation. In addition to their tasks on myeloid cells, the expression and function of CR3 and CR4 on lymphocytes have also gained interest recently. The picture is further complicated by the fact that while these β2-integrins are expressed by immune cells both in mice and humans, there are significant differences in their expression level, functions and the pathological consequences of genetic defects. Here we aim to summarize our current knowledge on CR3 and CR4 and highlight the functional differences between these receptors, involving their expression in myeloid and lymphoid cells of both men and mice.
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24
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Nosenko MA, Atretkhany KSN, Mokhonov VV, Efimov GA, Kruglov AA, Tillib SV, Drutskaya MS, Nedospasov SA. VHH-Based Bispecific Antibodies Targeting Cytokine Production. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1073. [PMID: 28919896 PMCID: PMC5585155 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF, IL-6, and IL-1, play pathogenic roles in multiple diseases and are attractive targets for biologic drugs. Because proinflammatory cytokines possess non-redundant protective and immunoregulatory functions, their systemic neutralization carries the potential for unwanted side effects. Therefore, next-generation anti-cytokine therapies would seek to selectively neutralize pathogenic cytokine signaling, leaving normal function intact. Fortunately, the biology of proinflammatory cytokines provides several such opportunities. Here, we discuss various applications of bispecific antibodies targeting cytokines with specific focus on selective TNF neutralization targeted directly to the surface of specific populations of monocytes and macrophages. These bispecific antibodies combine an anti-TNF VHH with VHHs or scFvs directed against abundant surface molecules on myeloid cells and serve to limit the bioavailability of TNF produced by these cells. Such reagents may become prototypes of a novel class of anti-cytokine biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim A. Nosenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kamar-Sulu N. Atretkhany
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav V. Mokhonov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Grigory A. Efimov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- National Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Kruglov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- German Rheumatism Research Center, Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergei V. Tillib
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina S. Drutskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei A. Nedospasov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- German Rheumatism Research Center, Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Functional studies of chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells expressing β 2-integrin type complement receptors CR3 and CR4. Immunol Lett 2017; 189:73-81. [PMID: 28577901 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The expression and role of CR3 (CD11b/CD18) and CR4 (CD11c/CD18) in B cells are not yet explored in contrast to myeloid cells, where these β2-integrin type receptors are known to participate in various cellular functions, including phagocytosis, adherence and migration. Here we aimed to reveal the expression and role of CR3 and CR4 in human B cells. In B cells of healthy donors CR3 and CR4 are scarcely expressed. However, two patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) characterized by a peculiar immune-phenotype containing both CD5-positive and CD5-negative B cell populations made possible to study these molecules in distinct B cell subsets. We found that CD11b and CD11c were expressed on both CD5-positive and CD5-negative B cells, albeit to different extents. Our data suggest that these receptors are involved in spreading, since this activity of CpG-activated B cells on fibrinogen could be partially blocked by monoclonal antibodies specific for CD11b or CD11c. CpG-stimulation lead to proliferation of both CD5-positive and CD5-negative B cells of the patients with a less pronounced effect on the CD5-positive cells. In contrast to normal B cells, CLL B cells of both patients reacted to CpG-stimulation with robust IL-10 production. The concomitant, suboptimal stimulus via the BCR and TLR9 exerted either a synergistic enhancing effect or resulted in inhibition of proliferation and IL-10 production of patients' B cells. Our data obtained studying B cells of leukemic patients point to the role of CR3 and probably CR4 in the interaction of tumor cells with the microenvironment and suggest the involvement of IL-10 producing B cells in the pathologic process.
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26
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Regulation of B cell functions by Toll-like receptors and complement. Immunol Lett 2016; 178:37-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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27
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28
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Zhou Y, Fang L, Yu Y, Niu J, Jiang L, Cao H, Sun Q, Zen K, Dai C, Yang J. Erythropoietin protects the tubular basement membrane by promoting the bone marrow to release extracellular vesicles containing tPA-targeting miR-144. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310:F27-40. [PMID: 26469975 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00303.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is an inevitable outcome of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Erythropoietin (EPO) has been recently reported to be able to mitigate renal fibrosis. The mechanism underlying the protective effect of EPO, however, remains elusive. In the present study, employing a mouse model of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), we demonstrated that EPO markedly reduced the disruption of the tubular basement membrane (TBM) through attenuating the activation of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), the major matrix proteolytic network in the obstructed kidney. Instead of acting directly on tPA in the kidney, EPO strongly increased the level of circulating microRNA (miR)-144, which was delivered to the injured renal fibroblasts via extracellular vesicles (EVs) to target the tPA 3′-untranslated region and suppress tPA expression. The protective effect of EPO on mouse TBM was inhibited by miR-144 antagomir. Furthermore, in vitro results confirmed that EPO could stimulate bone marrow-derived Sca-1+CD44+CD11b−CD19− cells to secrete miR-144-containing EVs, which markedly suppressed tPA expression, as well as metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) level and activity, in cultured renal fibroblasts. In conclusion, our study provides the first evidence that EPO protects mouse renal TBM through promoting bone marrow cells to generate and secrete miR-144, which, in turn, is efficiently delivered into the mouse kidney via EVs to inhibit the activation of the tPA/MMP9-mediated proteolytic network. This finding thus suggests that EPO, a hormone widely used to treat anemia in CKD, is a potential therapeutic strategy for renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Li Fang
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Yanting Yu
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Jing Niu
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Lei Jiang
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Hongdi Cao
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Qi Sun
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Ke Zen
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; and
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University Advanced Institute of Life Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunsun Dai
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Junwei Yang
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; and
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29
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Taylor DA, Perin EC, Willerson JT, Zierold C, Resende M, Carlson M, Nestor B, Wise E, Orozco A, Pepine CJ, Henry TD, Ellis SG, Zhao DXM, Traverse JH, Cooke JP, Schutt RC, Bhatnagar A, Grant MB, Lai D, Johnstone BH, Sayre SL, Moyé L, Ebert RF, Bolli R, Simari RD, Cogle CR. Identification of Bone Marrow Cell Subpopulations Associated With Improved Functional Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Left Ventricular Dysfunction: An Embedded Cohort Evaluation of the FOCUS-CCTRN Trial. Cell Transplant 2015; 25:1675-1687. [PMID: 26590374 PMCID: PMC5088500 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x689901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we sought to identify bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell (BM-MNC) subpopulations associated with a combined improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV), and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) in patients with chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy 6 months after receiving transendocardial injections of autologous BM-MNCs or placebo. For this prospectively planned analysis, we conducted an embedded cohort study comprising 78 patients from the FOCUS-Cardiovascular Cell Therapy Research Network (CCTRN) trial. Baseline BM-MNC immunophenotypes and progenitor cell activity were determined by flow cytometry and colony-forming assays, respectively. Previously stable patients who demonstrated improvement in LVEF, LVESV, and VO2 max during the 6-month course of the FOCUS-CCTRN study (group 1, n = 17) were compared to those who showed no change or worsened in one to three of these endpoints (group 2, n = 61) and to a subset of patients from group 2 who declined in all three functional endpoints (group 2A, n = 11). Group 1 had higher frequencies of B-cell and CXCR4+ BM-MNC subpopulations at study baseline than group 2 or 2A. Furthermore, patients in group 1 had fewer endothelial colony-forming cells and monocytes/macrophages in their bone marrow than those in group 2A. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, certain bone marrow-derived cell subsets are associated with improvement in LVEF, LVESV, and VO2 max at 6 months. These results suggest that the presence of both progenitor and immune cell populations in the bone marrow may influence the natural history of chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy-even in stable patients. Thus, it may be important to consider the bone marrow composition and associated regenerative capacity of patients when assigning them to treatment groups and evaluating the results of cell therapy trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris A. Taylor
- Texas Heart Institute, CHI St. Luke’s Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Claudia Zierold
- University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Marjorie Carlson
- University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Belinda Nestor
- Texas Heart Institute, CHI St. Luke’s Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wise
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aaron Orozco
- Texas Heart Institute, CHI St. Luke’s Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carl J. Pepine
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Timothy D. Henry
- Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Jay H. Traverse
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbott, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - John P. Cooke
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert C. Schutt
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Maria B. Grant
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dejian Lai
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Shelly L. Sayre
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lem Moyé
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ray F. Ebert
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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30
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Liu X, Jiang X, Liu R, Wang L, Qian T, Zheng Y, Deng Y, Huang E, Xu F, Wang JY, Chu Y. B cells expressing CD11b effectively inhibit CD4+ T-cell responses and ameliorate experimental autoimmune hepatitis in mice. Hepatology 2015. [PMID: 26207521 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Increasing evidence in recent years has suggested that B cells act as a crucial regulator in autoimmune diseases. However, little is known about their role in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and the underlying regulatory mechanisms. In this study, we show that B cells ameliorated experimental AIH (EAH) by suppressing CD4+ T-cell responses and that CD11b expression on B cells was required for the regulatory function of B cells. In vitro studies reveal that the suppressive function of CD11b was mediated by the impairment of T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling transduction and the promotion of TCR down-regulation. Moreover, we show that the increased CD11b expression on B cells was interleukin (IL)-10 dependent and that additional IL-10 stimulation promoted CD11b expression on B cells, thereby enhancing B-cell regulatory effects. CONCLUSION These findings reveal a previously unrecognized role for CD11b in B-cell regulatory function and its protective effect on EAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuechao Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronghua Liu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luman Wang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Qian
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijie Zheng
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Deng
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Enyu Huang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengkai Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Yang Wang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biotherapy Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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31
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Abstract
B-1 cells comprise subpopulations of B lymphocytes in mice that display developmental, phenotypic, and functional characteristics that are distinct from those of conventional B cell populations (B-2 cells). Despite the known importance of murine B-1a (CD5(+) ) and B-1b (CD5(-) ) cells in the production of natural antibodies and rapid antigen-specific humoral responses to infection, evidence for B-1 cells in primates, including humans, is very limited. Identifying these cells in humans proves challenging given the limited number of cells that can be obtained from sites expected to harbor increased frequencies of these cells (i.e., peritoneal and pleural cavities) and the need to perform functional analyses on these cells, which, in the case of B-1b cells, must be carried out in vivo. My laboratory has used cynomolgus macaques and African green monkeys to bypass these limitations and to identify and extensively analyze primate B cell populations with the phenotypic and functional characteristics of mouse B-1a and B-1b cells. Our results reveal striking similarities between primate and murine B-1 cells, including a conserved functional role for primate B-1b-like cells in immunity to T cell-independent type 2 antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Haas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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32
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Della Libera AMMP, de Souza FN, Batista CF, Santos BP, de Azevedo LFF, Sanchez EMR, Diniz SA, Silva MX, Haddad JP, Blagitz MG. Effects of bovine leukemia virus infection on milk neutrophil function and the milk lymphocyte profile. Vet Res 2015; 46:2. [PMID: 25595200 PMCID: PMC4297435 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-014-0125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) on the immune response have been extensively investigated; however, its effects on mammary gland immunity are only speculative. Although BLV has a tropism for B cells, it can affect both adaptive and innate immunities because these systems share many effector mechanisms. This scenario is the basis of this investigation of the effects of BLV on mammary gland immunity, which is largely dependent upon neutrophilic functions. Thus, the present study sought to examine neutrophilic functions and the lymphocyte profile in the milk of naturally BLV-infected cows. The viability of the milk neutrophils and the percentage of milk neutrophils that produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) or phagocytosed Staphylococcus aureus were similar between BLV-infected and BLV-uninfected dairy cows. Furthermore, the expression of CD62L and CD11b by the milk neutrophils and the percentage of milk neutrophils (CH138+ cells) that were obtained from the udder quarters of the BLV-infected cows were not altered. Conversely, the median fluorescence intensity (MFI) representing intracellular ROS production and the phagocytosis of S. aureus, the expression of CD44 by the milk neutrophils and the percentage of apoptotic B cells were lower in the milk cells from BLV-infected dairy cows, particularly those from animals with persistent lymphocytosis (PL). The lymphocyte subsets were not different among the groups, with the exception of the percentage of CD5−/CD11b− B cells, which was higher in the milk cells from BLV-infected cows, particularly those with PL. Thus, the present study provides novel insight into the implications of BLV infection for mammary gland immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Maria Melville Paiva Della Libera
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av, Prof, Dr, Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil.
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33
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Tørring C, Petersen CC, Bjerg L, Kofod-Olsen E, Petersen T, Höllsberg P. The B1-cell subpopulation is diminished in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2013; 262:92-9. [PMID: 23856341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
B cell subsets in newly diagnosed untreated, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were examined. The fraction of CD20(+) B cells was significantly increased in MS. Among subsets of B cells, MS patients had increased frequency of naïve cells, but reduced frequency of memory and B1 cells. The frequencies of B1 cells were inversely correlated with the time since last attack. B1 cells resembled the phenotype of either lymphocytes (CD11b(-) B1 cells) or monocytes (CD11b(+) B1 cells) and a small fraction of cells was CD3(+)CD20(+) by confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Tørring
- Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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34
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Yammani RD, Haas KM. Primate B-1 cells generate antigen-specific B cell responses to T cell-independent type 2 antigens. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:3100-8. [PMID: 23455507 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ab responses to T cell-independent type 2 (TI-2) Ags, such as bacterial capsular polysaccharides, are critical for host defense. In mice, B-1b cells expressing a CD11b(+)FSC(hi)CD21(lo/-)CD19(hi) phenotype play a key role in producing Abs against TI-2 Ags. In primates, a distinct IgM(+)CD27(+) "memory" B cell population is thought to generate TI-2 Ab responses, and evidence for a B-1b-like cell population participating in these responses is lacking. In this article, we demonstrate that nonhuman primates (NHPs; African green monkeys and cynomolgus macaques) harbor serosal B cells expressing a CD11b(+)FSC(hi)CD21(lo/-)CD80(+/-)CD19(hi) phenotype, constitutively active Stat3, and increased reactivity with phosphorylcholine, similar to murine peritoneal B-1a and B-1b cell populations. Like what is observed for murine B-1b cells, NHP CD11b(+)FSC(hi)CD21(lo/-)CD19(hi) B cells dominate the Ag-specific B cell response and Ab production against the TI-2 Ag trinitrophenyl-Ficoll. Although Ag-specific IgM(+) B cells expressing CD27 were not detected prior to immunization, Ag-specific CD11b(+)CD19(hi) B cells expressed and maintained an IgM(+)IgD(lo)CD27(+)CD80(+) phenotype following immunization. Thus, the murine and NHP B cell populations responding to trinitrophenyl-Ficoll are highly similar, with the main exception being that Ag-specific NHP B-1-like cells express CD27 following TI-2 Ag encounter. Therefore, murine B-1b and primate IgM(+)CD27(+) "memory" B cell subsets proposed to produce TI-2 Ab responses may be highly related, if not identical. Overall, these data not only support that B-1-like cells are present in NHPs but also provide evidence that these cells perform the same functions attributed to murine B-1b cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama D Yammani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
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Maiti AK, Nath SK. Gene network analysis of small molecules with autoimmune disease associated genes predicts a novel strategy for drug efficacy. Autoimmun Rev 2012; 12:510-22. [PMID: 23000205 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Numerous genes/SNPs in autoimmune diseases (ADs) are identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and likely to contribute in developing autoimmune phenotypes. Constructions of biologically meaningful pathways are necessary to determine how these genes interact with each other and with other small molecules to develop various complex AD phenotypes prior to beginning time-consuming rigorous experimentation. We have constructed biological pathways with genetically identified genes leading to shared AD phenotypes. Various environmental and endogenous factors interact with these AD associated genes suggesting their critical role in developing diseases and further association studies could be designed for assessing the role of these factors with risk allele in a specific gene. Additionally, existing drugs that have been used long before the identification of these genetically associated genes also interact with these newly associated genes. Thus advanced therapeutic strategies could be designed by grouping patients with risk allele(s) in particular genes that directly or closely interact with the specified drugs. This drug-susceptible gene network will not only increase our understanding about the additional molecular basis for effectiveness against these diseases but also indicate which drug could be more effective for those patients carrying risk allele(s) in that gene. Additionally, we have also identified several interlinking genes in the pathways that could be used for designing future association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Maiti
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States.
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Fricke S, Fricke C, Oelkrug C, Hilger N, Schönfelder U, Kamprad M, Lehmann J, Boltze J, Emmrich F, Sack U. Characterization of murine non-adherent bone marrow cells leading to recovery of endogenous hematopoiesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:4095-106. [PMID: 20556631 PMCID: PMC11115818 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-adherent bone marrow-derived cells (NA-BMCs) are a mixed cell population that can give rise to multiple mesenchymal phenotypes and that facilitates hematopoietic recovery. We characterized NA-BMCs by flow cytometry, fibroblast colony-forming units (CFU-f), real-time PCR, and in in vivo experiments. In comparison to adherent cells, NA-BMCs expressed high levels of CD11b(+) and CD90(+) within the CD45(+) cell fraction. CFU-f were significantly declining over the cultivation period, but NA-BMCs were still able to form CFU-f after 5 days. Gene expression analysis of allogeneic NA-BMCs compared to bone marrow (BM) indicates that NA-BMCs contain stromal, mesenchymal, endothelial cells and monocytes, but less osteoid, lymphoid, and erythroid cells, and hematopoietic stem cells. Histopathological data and analysis of weight showed an excellent recovery and organ repair of lethally irradiated mice after NA-BMC transplantation with a normal composition of the BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Fricke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Perlickstraße 01, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Kawai K, Tsuno NH, Kitayama J, Sunami E, Takahashi K, Nagawa H. Catechin inhibits adhesion and migration of peripheral blood B cells by blocking CD11b. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2010; 33:391-7. [PMID: 20936888 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2010.522195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Previously, we demonstrated that CD11b is expressed on peripheral blood memory B cells, and it plays an important role in the migration of B cells. And epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a bioactive component of green tea, by binding to CD11b, expressed on CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells, inhibited their migratory ability, one possible mechanism of the antiallergic activity of EGCG. OBJECTIVE Here, we investigated whether EGCG also affected CD11b expressed on B cells, similar to cytotoxic T cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolated peripheral blood CD19(+) B cells were treated with EGCG and the change in the expression of CD11b was analyzed using flow cytometry. The effects of EGCG on the ability of B cells to adhere to and to transmigrate through the endothelial cell layer were evaluated using the transwell assay. RESULTS EGCG significantly suppressed the apparent expression of CD11b on B cells, in the flow-cytometric analysis, and this apparent suppression was speculated to be dependent on the competitive binding of EGCG to CD11b. EGCG also significantly suppressed CD11b-mediated migration and adhesion of B cells to endothelial cells. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION EGCG has a strong suppressive activity on the adhesive and migratory abilities of peripheral blood B cells. This suppressive activity was mediated by the binding of EGCG to CD11b on B cells, and the consequent suppression of B-cell extravasation to the extravascular space. Because B cell plays an important role in the humoral immunity, EGCG could be a promising drug for the prevention and/or treatment of allergic and/or autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazushige Kawai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Young PP, Ardestani S, Li B. Myeloid cells in cancer progression: unique subtypes and their roles in tumor growth, vascularity, and host immune suppression. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2010; 4:1-11. [PMID: 21505557 PMCID: PMC3047625 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-010-0045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Leukocytic infiltrates, particularly myeloid cells, can stimulate an anti-tumor immune response, but more often they stimulate tumor development, including promoting invasion, tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Distinct myeloid phenotypes are being characterized that have been shown to promote tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. This review provides an overview of myeloid differentiation and spotlights specific pro-tumorogenic myeloid populations and their role in cancer progression. Efforts to characterize these pro-tumorogenic myeloid cell immunophenotypes may lead to novel targets for cancer therapy.
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Multiplexed immunophenotyping of human antigen-presenting cells in whole blood by polychromatic flow cytometry. Nat Protoc 2010; 5:357-70. [PMID: 20134434 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2009.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We describe two modular protocols for immunostaining and multiparameter flow cytometric analysis of major human antigen-presenting cells (APCs; e.g., dendritic cells, monocytes and B lymphocytes) in minimally manipulated whole blood samples. Simultaneous detection of up to eight colors is enabled by careful selection and testing of cell-subset-defining monoclonal antibodies (anchor markers) in the appropriate fluorochrome combinations, in order to show the quantification of surface expression levels of molecules involved in chemotaxis (e.g., CX(3)CR1 and CCR2), adhesion (e.g., CD11b and CD62L), antigen presentation (e.g., CD83, CD86 and CD209) and immune regulation (e.g., CD101) on circulating APCs. Each immunostaining reaction requires as little as 50-100 microl of peripheral whole blood and no density-gradient separation, and the entire procedure from preparation of reagents to flow cytometry can be completed in <5 h.
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Alipour A, van Oostrom AJH, Izraeljan A, Verseyden C, Collins JM, Frayn KN, Plokker TW, Elte JWF, Castro Cabezas M. Leukocyte Activation by Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28:792-7. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.107.159749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Objective—
Postprandial lipemia has been linked to atherosclerosis and inflammation. Because leukocyte activation is obligatory for atherogenesis, leukocyte activation by triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) was investigated.
Methods and Results—
The expression of CD11b and CD66b after incubation with glucose and native and artificial TRLs (NTRL and ATRL) in vivo and in vitro was evaluated by flowcytometry. Oral fat loading tests showed an increased expression of CD11b on monocytes and neutrophils and CD66b on neutrophils. In 11 volunteers, postprandial leukocytes became enriched with meal-derived fatty acids ([1-
13
C]16:0) suggesting uptake of exogenous fat. ApoB binding on leukocytes measured by flowcytometry in 65 subjects was highest on neutrophils and monocytes suggesting adherence of apoB-containing lipoproteins. Physiological concentrations of TRLs showed 62% increased neutrophil CD11b and a dose-dependent increased monocyte CD11b up to 84% in vitro. Incubations with lipid emulsions in the hypertriglyceridemic range showed a 5-fold increased monocyte CD11b expression, which was higher than the positive control (fMLP), and a dose-dependent 2- to 3-fold increased neutrophil CD11b and CD66b. The oxidative scavenger DMTU decreased the neutrophil CD66b expression by 36%.
Conclusion—
Acute hypertriglyceridemia is a leukocyte activator most likely by direct interaction between TRLs and leukocytes and uptake of fatty acids. TG-mediated leukocyte activation is an alternative proinflammatory and proatherogenic mechanism of hypertriglyceridemia in part associated to the generation of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Alipour
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (A.A., A.J.H.H.M.v.O., C.V., M.C.C.), University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; the Department of Internal Medicine (A.A., J.W.F.E., M.C.C.), Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology (A.J.H.H.M.v.O., T.W.M.P.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; and Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine (A.I., J.M.C., K.N.F.), University of Oxford, England
| | - Antonie J.H. H.M van Oostrom
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (A.A., A.J.H.H.M.v.O., C.V., M.C.C.), University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; the Department of Internal Medicine (A.A., J.W.F.E., M.C.C.), Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology (A.J.H.H.M.v.O., T.W.M.P.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; and Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine (A.I., J.M.C., K.N.F.), University of Oxford, England
| | - Alisa Izraeljan
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (A.A., A.J.H.H.M.v.O., C.V., M.C.C.), University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; the Department of Internal Medicine (A.A., J.W.F.E., M.C.C.), Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology (A.J.H.H.M.v.O., T.W.M.P.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; and Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine (A.I., J.M.C., K.N.F.), University of Oxford, England
| | - Caroline Verseyden
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (A.A., A.J.H.H.M.v.O., C.V., M.C.C.), University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; the Department of Internal Medicine (A.A., J.W.F.E., M.C.C.), Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology (A.J.H.H.M.v.O., T.W.M.P.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; and Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine (A.I., J.M.C., K.N.F.), University of Oxford, England
| | - Jennifer M. Collins
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (A.A., A.J.H.H.M.v.O., C.V., M.C.C.), University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; the Department of Internal Medicine (A.A., J.W.F.E., M.C.C.), Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology (A.J.H.H.M.v.O., T.W.M.P.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; and Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine (A.I., J.M.C., K.N.F.), University of Oxford, England
| | - Keith N. Frayn
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (A.A., A.J.H.H.M.v.O., C.V., M.C.C.), University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; the Department of Internal Medicine (A.A., J.W.F.E., M.C.C.), Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology (A.J.H.H.M.v.O., T.W.M.P.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; and Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine (A.I., J.M.C., K.N.F.), University of Oxford, England
| | - Thijs W.M. Plokker
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (A.A., A.J.H.H.M.v.O., C.V., M.C.C.), University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; the Department of Internal Medicine (A.A., J.W.F.E., M.C.C.), Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology (A.J.H.H.M.v.O., T.W.M.P.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; and Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine (A.I., J.M.C., K.N.F.), University of Oxford, England
| | - Jan Willem F. Elte
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (A.A., A.J.H.H.M.v.O., C.V., M.C.C.), University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; the Department of Internal Medicine (A.A., J.W.F.E., M.C.C.), Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology (A.J.H.H.M.v.O., T.W.M.P.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; and Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine (A.I., J.M.C., K.N.F.), University of Oxford, England
| | - Manuel Castro Cabezas
- From the Department of Internal Medicine (A.A., A.J.H.H.M.v.O., C.V., M.C.C.), University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands; the Department of Internal Medicine (A.A., J.W.F.E., M.C.C.), Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; the Department of Cardiology (A.J.H.H.M.v.O., T.W.M.P.), Sint Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; and Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine (A.I., J.M.C., K.N.F.), University of Oxford, England
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Fallas JL, Yi W, Draghi NA, O'Rourke HM, Denzin LK. Expression Patterns of H2-O in Mouse B Cells and Dendritic Cells Correlate with Cell Function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:1488-97. [PMID: 17237397 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.3.1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the endosomes of APCs, the MHC class II-like molecule H2-M catalyzes the exchange of class II-associated invariant chain peptides (CLIP) for antigenic peptides. H2-O is another class II-like molecule that modulates the peptide exchange activity of H2-M. Although the expression pattern of H2-O in mice has not been fully evaluated, H2-O is expressed by thymic epithelial cells, B cells, and dendritic cells (DCs). In this study, we investigated H2-O, H2-M, and I-A(b)-CLIP expression patterns in B cell subsets during B cell development and activation. H2-O was first detected in the transitional 1 B cell subset and high levels were maintained in marginal zone and follicular B cells. H2-O levels were down-regulated specifically in germinal center B cells. Unexpectedly, we found that mouse B cells may have a pool of H2-O that is not associated with H2-M. Additionally, we further evaluate H2-O and H2-M interactions in mouse DCs, as well as H2-O expression in bone marrow-derived DCs. We also evaluated H2-O, H2-M, I-A(b), and I-A(b)-CLIP expression in splenic DC subsets, in which H2-O expression levels varied among the splenic DC subsets. Although it has previously been shown that H2-O modifies the peptide repertoire, H2-O expression did not alter DC presentation of a number of endogenous and exogenous Ags. Our further characterization of H2-O expression in DCs, as well as the identification of a potential free pool of H2-O in mouse splenic B cells, suggest that H2-O may have a yet to be elucidated role in immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Fallas
- Cell Biology and Genetics Program, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Capoccia BJ, Shepherd RM, Link DC. G-CSF and AMD3100 mobilize monocytes into the blood that stimulate angiogenesis in vivo through a paracrine mechanism. Blood 2006; 108:2438-45. [PMID: 16735597 PMCID: PMC1895560 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-04-013755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that circulating angiogenic cells exist that are able to home to sites of vascular injury and stimulate angiogenesis. However, the number of angiogenic cells in the blood is low, limiting their delivery to sites of ischemia. Treatment with certain cytokines may mobilize angiogenic cells into the blood, potentially circumventing this limitation. Herein, we show that treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) or AMD3100, a novel CXCR4 antagonist, significantly stimulated angiogenesis in a murine model of acute hindlimb ischemia. The kinetics of angiogenic-cell mobilization by these agents appears to be distinct, with more rapid revascularization observed in AMD3100-treated mice. Combination treatment with G-CSF and AMD3100 resulted in the earliest and most complete recovery in blood flow to the ischemic hindlimb. Adoptive transfer of mobilized blood mononuclear cells, while potently stimulating angiogenesis, did not result in the significant incorporation of donor cells into the neoendothelium. Cell-fractionation studies showed that it is the monocyte population in the blood that mediates angiogenesis in this model. Collectively, these data suggest that monocytes mobilized into the blood by G-CSF or AMD3100 stimulate angiogenesis at sites of ischemia through a paracrine mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Capoccia
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8007, 660 South Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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