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Kondo D, Suzuki R, Matsumura A, Meguri H, Tanaka M, Itakura M, Hirashima N. Methiothepin downregulates SNAP-23 and inhibits degranulation of rat basophilic leukemia cells and mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250360. [PMID: 37736882 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we found that methiothepin (a nonselective 5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT] receptor antagonist) inhibited antigen-induced degranulation in rat basophilic leukemia cells and mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. Although antigen stimulation induces release of histamine and serotonin (5-HT) by exocytosis and mast cells express several types of 5-HT receptor, the detailed role of these receptors remains unclear. Here, pretreatment of cells with methiothepin attenuated increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration, phosphorylated critical upstream signaling components (Src family tyrosine kinases, Syk, and PLCγ1), and suppressed TNF-α secretion via inhibition of Akt (a Ser/Thr kinase activated by PI3K)and ERK phosphorylation. Furthermore, it inhibited PMA/ionomycin-induced degranulation; this finding suggested that methiothepin affected downstream signaling. IκB kinase β phosphorylates synaptosomal associated protein 23, which regulates the fusion events of the secretory granule/plasma membrane after mast cell activation, resulting in degranulation. We showed that methiothepin blocked PMA/ionomycin-induced phosphorylation of synaptosomal associated protein 23 by inhibiting its interaction with IκB kinase β. Together with the results of selective 5-HT antagonists, it is suggested that methiothepin inhibits mast cell degranulation by downregulating upstream signaling pathways and exocytotic fusion machinery through mainly 5-HT1A receptor. Our findings provide that 5-HT antagonists may be used to relieve allergic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kondo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ruriko Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayako Matsumura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hitomi Meguri
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Makoto Itakura
- Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naohide Hirashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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2
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Dileepan KN, Raveendran VV, Sharma R, Abraham H, Barua R, Singh V, Sharma R, Sharma M. Mast cell-mediated immune regulation in health and disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1213320. [PMID: 37663654 PMCID: PMC10470157 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1213320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are important components of the immune system, and they perform pro-inflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory roles in the complex process of immune regulation in health and disease. Because of their strategic perivascular localization, sensitivity and adaptability to the microenvironment, and ability to release a variety of preformed and newly synthesized effector molecules, mast cells perform unique functions in almost all organs. Additionally, Mast cells express a wide range of surface and cytoplasmic receptors which enable them to respond to a variety of cytokines, chemicals, and pathogens. The mast cell's role as a cellular interface between external and internal environments as well as between vasculature and tissues is critical for protection and repair. Mast cell interactions with different immune and nonimmune cells through secreted inflammatory mediators may also turn in favor of disease promoting agents. First and forefront, mast cells are well recognized for their multifaceted functions in allergic diseases. Reciprocal communication between mast cells and endothelial cells in the presence of bacterial toxins in chronic/sub-clinical infections induce persistent vascular inflammation. We have shown that mast cell proteases and histamine induce endothelial inflammatory responses that are synergistically amplified by bacterial toxins. Mast cells have been shown to exacerbate vascular changes in normal states as well as in chronic or subclinical infections, particularly among cigarette smokers. Furthermore, a potential role of mast cells in SARS-CoV-2-induced dysfunction of the capillary-alveolar interface adds to the growing understanding of mast cells in viral infections. The interaction between mast cells and microglial cells in the brain further highlights their significance in neuroinflammation. This review highlights the significant role of mast cells as the interface that acts as sensor and early responder through interactions with cells in systemic organs and the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kottarappat N. Dileepan
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Vineesh V. Raveendran
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Rishi Sharma
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Harita Abraham
- Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Rajat Barua
- Cardiology Section, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Vikas Singh
- Neurology Section, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Ram Sharma
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Mukut Sharma
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
- Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation (MVBRF), Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas, MO, United States
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3
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Corzo-Gómez J, Picazo O, Castellanos-Pérez M, Briones-Aranda A. Systematic Review of the Serotonergic System in the Pathophysiology of Severe Dengue: The Theory of Thrombocytopenia and Vascular Extravasation. Mini Rev Med Chem 2023; 23:230-243. [PMID: 35726421 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220619231643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe dengue is characterized by thrombocytopenia, hemorrhaging, and/or capillary extravasation and may be linked to a reduced plasma concentration of serotonin (5-hydroxytriptamine, or 5-HT). OBJECTIVE The aim of the current contribution was to conduct a systematic bibliographic review of reports on the role of the peripheral serotonergic system in the pathophysiology of severe dengue. METHODS A bibliographic review was carried out of in vivo/in vitro models, clinical trials, and case series studies from 2010-2019. The selective criteria were the use of treatments with serotonin reuptake inhibitors and/or agonists/antagonists of 5-HT receptors and their impact on inflammation, coagulation, and endothelium. Moreover, cross-sectional and cohort studies on the relationship between intraplatelet and plasma 5-HT levels in patients with dengue were also included. The risk of bias in the selected reports was examined with domain-based assessment utilizing Cochrane-type criteria. The main results are summarized in Tables and Figures. RESULTS Based on descriptions of the effect of serotonergic drugs on 5-HT levels and the findings of clinical trials of dengue treatment, most receptors of the peripheral serotonergic system, and especially 5-HT2A, seem to participate in regulating serum 5-HT during severe dengue. Therefore, the peripheral serotonergic system probably contributes to thrombocytopenia and capillary extravasation. CONCLUSION Regarding dengue, 5-HT may be a key parameter for predicting severity, and an understanding of 5-HT-related mechanisms could possibly facilitate the development of new therapies. These proposals require further research due to the limited number of publications on the role of serotonergic receptors at the peripheral level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josselin Corzo-Gómez
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Human Medicine, Autonomous University of Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
| | - Ofir Picazo
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, México
| | - Manuela Castellanos-Pérez
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Human Medicine, Autonomous University of Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
| | - Alfredo Briones-Aranda
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Human Medicine, Autonomous University of Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
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Rönnberg E, Ravindran A, Mazzurana L, Gong Y, Säfholm J, Lorent J, Dethlefsen O, Orre AC, Al-Ameri M, Adner M, Dahlén SE, Dahlin JS, Mjösberg J, Nilsson G. Analysis of human lung mast cells by single cell RNA sequencing. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1151754. [PMID: 37063885 PMCID: PMC10100501 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1151754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are tissue-resident cells playing major roles in homeostasis and disease conditions. Lung mast cells are particularly important in airway inflammatory diseases such as asthma. Human mast cells are classically divided into the subsets MCT and MCTC, where MCT express the mast cell protease tryptase and MCTC in addition express chymase, carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3) and cathepsin G. Apart from the disctintion of the MCT and MCTC subsets, little is known about the heterogeniety of human lung mast cells and a deep analysis of their heterogeniety has previously not been performed. We therefore performed single cell RNA sequencing on sorted human lung mast cells using SmartSeq2. The mast cells showed high expression of classical mast cell markers. The expression of several individual genes varied considerably among the cells, however, no subpopulations were detected by unbiased clustering. Variable genes included the protease-encoding transcripts CMA1 (chymase) and CTSG (cathepsin G). Human lung mast cells are predominantly of the MCT subset and consistent with this, the expression of CMA1 was only detectable in a small proportion of the cells, and correlated moderately to CTSG. However, in contrast to established data for the protein, CPA3 mRNA was high in all cells and the correlation of CPA3 to CMA1 was weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Rönnberg
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Elin Rönnberg, ; Gunnar Nilsson,
| | - Avinash Ravindran
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luca Mazzurana
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yitao Gong
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Säfholm
- Unit for Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research Centre for Allergy Research, The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julie Lorent
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Dethlefsen
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Charlotte Orre
- Thoracic Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mamdoh Al-Ameri
- Thoracic Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Adner
- Unit for Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research Centre for Allergy Research, The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven-Erik Dahlén
- Unit for Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research Centre for Allergy Research, The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim S. Dahlin
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Mjösberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Nilsson
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Elin Rönnberg, ; Gunnar Nilsson,
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5
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Herrera-Heredia SA, Hsu HP, Kao CY, Tsai YH, Yamaguchi Y, Roers A, Hsu CL, Dzhagalov IL. Heparin is required for the formation of granules in connective tissue mast cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1000405. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1000405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are innate immune cells strategically positioned around blood vessels near body surfaces. Their primary weapons are bioactive amines, mast cell-specific proteases, and cytokines stored in preformed granules. Mast cells granules constituents are packaged efficiently with the help of the highly negatively charged Heparan sulfate-derivative, Heparin. Heparin is one of the most widely used drugs to treat coagulation disorders, yet, it is not found in the circulation at a steady state, casting doubt that the prevention of blood clotting is its physiological function. Early studies using Ndst2-/- mice have shown that Heparin is essential for mast cells granules formation. However, these mice could still produce less sulfated Heparan sulfate that could potentially replace Heparin. Here, we have created and validated a novel genetic model for Heparin deficiency, specifically in connective tissue mast cells, to address the physiological role of this molecule. Using this model, we have demonstrated that Heparin is required for mast cell granules formation; without it, mast cells are reduced in the peritoneal cavity and the skin. The absence of Heparin impaired the response to passive cutaneous anaphylaxis but, surprisingly, enhanced ear swelling in an irritant dermatitis model and reduced the lesion size and bacterial burden in a Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing dermatitis model. The altered function of Heparin-deficient mast cells in the latter two models was not mediated through enhanced Histamine or TNFα release. However, the Mrgprb2 receptor was up-regulated in knock-out mast cells, potentially explaining the enhanced response of mutant mice to irritant and necrotizing dermatitis. Altogether our results expand our current understanding of the physiological role of Heparin and provide unique tools to further dissect its importance.
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Qiu X, Chen C, Shi Y, Chen K, Li M, Xu H, Wu X, Takai Y, Shimasaki Y, Oshima Y. Persistent impact of amitriptyline on the behavior, brain neurotransmitter, and transcriptional profile of zebrafish (Danio rerio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 245:106129. [PMID: 35248893 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Discontinuation of amitriptyline (AMI) has been demonstrated to induce long-term withdrawal syndromes in mammals. However, no studies have focused on the persistent impacts of short-term AMI exposure on teleosts. Here, following exposure to AMI (2.5 and 40 μg/L) for 7 days (E7), zebrafish were transferred into AMI-free water to recover for 21 days (R21). The behavior, brain neurotransmitters, and brain transcriptional profiles were investigated on E7 and R21. AMI exposure induced persistent hypoactivity (2.5 and 40 μg/L) and abnormal schooling behavior (40 μg/L). AMI also induced long-term impacts on the brain serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine levels, several of which showed significant correlations with the locomotor activity or schooling behavior. Transcriptional analysis revealed persistent dysregulation in the pathways involved in the circadian rhythm, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, and axon guidance in brain samples. Twelve genes were predicted as key driver genes in response to AMI exposure, and their significantly differential expression may direct changes across the related molecular networks. Moreover, upregulated brain 5-HT may serve as the central modulator of the persistent AMI pathogenesis in zebrafish. Considering AMI residues in natural waters may temporarily exceed μg/L, corresponding persistent adverse effects on teleosts should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchun Qiu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Chen Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yanhong Shi
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Hai Xu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yuki Takai
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yohei Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yuji Oshima
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan; Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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7
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Toyama S, Tominaga M, Takamori K. Connections between Immune-Derived Mediators and Sensory Nerves for Itch Sensation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12365. [PMID: 34830245 PMCID: PMC8624544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although histamine is a well-known itch mediator, histamine H1-receptor blockers often lack efficacy in chronic itch. Recent molecular and cellular based studies have shown that non-histaminergic mediators, such as proteases, neuropeptides and cytokines, along with their cognate receptors, are involved in evocation and modulation of itch sensation. Many of these molecules are produced and secreted by immune cells, which act on sensory nerve fibers distributed in the skin to cause itching and sensitization. This understanding of the connections between immune cell-derived mediators and sensory nerve fibers has led to the development of new treatments for itch. This review summarizes current knowledge of immune cell-derived itch mediators and neuronal response mechanisms, and discusses therapeutic agents that target these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumika Toyama
- Juntendo Itch Research Center (JIRC), Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; (S.T.); (M.T.)
| | - Mitsutoshi Tominaga
- Juntendo Itch Research Center (JIRC), Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; (S.T.); (M.T.)
- Anti-Aging Skin Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Kenji Takamori
- Juntendo Itch Research Center (JIRC), Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; (S.T.); (M.T.)
- Anti-Aging Skin Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
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8
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Chanzu H, Lykins J, Wigna-Kumar S, Joshi S, Pokrovskaya I, Storrie B, Pejler G, Wood JP, Whiteheart SW. Platelet α-granule cargo packaging and release are affected by the luminal proteoglycan, serglycin. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:1082-1095. [PMID: 33448622 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serglycin (SRGN) is an intragranular, sulfated proteoglycan in hematopoietic cells that affects granule composition and function. OBJECTIVE To understand how SRGN affects platelet granule packaging, cargo release, and extra-platelet microenvironments. METHODS Platelets and megakaryocytes from SRGN-/- mice were assayed for secretion kinetics, cargo levels, granule morphology upon activation, and receptor shedding. RESULTS Metabolic, 35 SO4 labeling identified SRGN as a major sulfated macromolecule in megakaryocytes. SRGN colocalized with α-granule markers (platelet factor 4 [PF4], von Willebrand factor [VWF], and P-selectin), but its deletion did not affect α-granule morphology or number. Platelet α-granule composition was altered, with a reduction in basic proteins (pI ≥8; e.g., PF4, SDF-1, angiogenin) and constitutive release of PF4 from SRGN-/- megakaryocytes. P-Selectin, VWF, and fibrinogen were unaffected. Serotonin (5-HT) uptake and β-hexosaminidase (HEXB) were slightly elevated. Thrombin-induced exocytosis of PF4 from platelets was defective; however, release of RANTES/CCL5 was normal and osteopontin secretion was more rapid. Release of 5-HT and HEXB (from dense granules and lysosomes, respectively) were unaffected. Ultrastructural studies showed distinct morphologies in activated platelets. The α-granule lumen of SRGN-/- platelet had a grainy staining pattern, whereas that of wild-type granules had only fibrous material remaining. α-Granule swelling and decondensation were reduced in SRGN-/- platelets. Upon stimulation of platelets, a SRGN/PF4 complex was released in a time- and agonist-dependent manner. Shedding of GPVI from SRGN-/- platelets was modestly enhanced. Shedding of GP1b was unaffected. CONCLUSION The polyanionic proteoglycan SRGN influences α-granule packaging, cargo release, and shedding of platelet membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Chanzu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Joshua Lykins
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Subershan Wigna-Kumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Smita Joshi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Irina Pokrovskaya
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Brian Storrie
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jeremy P Wood
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sidney W Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
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9
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Gómez Toledo A, Sorrentino JT, Sandoval DR, Malmström J, Lewis NE, Esko JD. A Systems View of the Heparan Sulfate Interactome. J Histochem Cytochem 2021; 69:105-119. [PMID: 33494649 PMCID: PMC7841697 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420988661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans consist of a small family of proteins decorated with one or more covalently attached heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains. These chains have intricate structural patterns based on the position of sulfate groups and uronic acid epimers, which dictate their ability to engage a large repertoire of heparan sulfate-binding proteins, including extracellular matrix proteins, growth factors and morphogens, cytokines and chemokines, apolipoproteins and lipases, adhesion and growth factor receptors, and components of the complement and coagulation system. This review highlights recent progress in the characterization of the so-called "heparan sulfate interactome," with a major focus on systems-wide strategies as a tool for discovery and characterization of this subproteome. In addition, we compiled all heparan sulfate-binding proteins reported in the literature to date and grouped them into a few major functional classes by applying a networking approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gómez Toledo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - James T Sorrentino
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Daniel R Sandoval
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Johan Malmström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nathan E Lewis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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10
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Wang L, Han Y, Wang X. The relationship between plasma serglycin levels and the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 35:e23663. [PMID: 33314317 PMCID: PMC7957973 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a microvascular complication which is closely related to diabetes, remains the leading cause of vision loss around the world among older adults. Serglycin (SRGN) was known as a hematopoietic cell granule proteoglycan, exerting its function in the formation of mast cell secretory granules and mediates the storage of various compounds in secretory vesicles. The present study illustrates the potential clinical value and experimental mechanisms of SRGN in the DR. Methods Firstly, the mRNA expression and protein expression of SRGN in plasma samples from NPDR, PDR patients, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2Dm) cases, and healthy controls were measured by qPCR and Western blotting assays, respectively. Then, the potentials of SRGN functioning as a diagnostic indicator in DR were verified by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. We established in vitro DR model of human retinal endothelial cells through high‐glucose treatment. The expression of SRGN and its mechanisms of regulating cellular processes were illustrated subsequently. Results Our data revealed that SRGN was dramatically upregulated in NPDR and PDR cases compared with healthy controls and T2DM patients; meanwhile, the expression of SRGN was further increased in the PDR group with regard to the NPDR group. Furthermore, the ROC analysis demonstrated that SRGN could distinguish the DR cases from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and healthy controls with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.7680 (95% CI = 0.6780 ~ 0.8576, sensitivity = 47.27%, specificity = 100%, cutoff value = 1.4727) and 0.8753 (95% CI = 0.8261 ~ 0.9244, sensitivity = 69.23%, specificity = 100%, cutoff value = 1.6923), respectively. In vitro high‐glucose treatment showed that the SRGN expressions were dramatically increased. The loss of SRGN could partially counteract the inhibition of HREC proliferation caused by high‐glucose stimulation. Meanwhile, SRGN knockdown could reverse the promotion of HREC apoptosis induced by high glucose as well. Conclusions Consequently, our study implied that SRGN might serve as a promising biomarker with high specificity and sensitivity in the DR diagnosis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yin Han
- Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo, China
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11
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AhYoung AP, Eckard SC, Gogineni A, Xi H, Lin SJ, Gerhardy S, Cox C, Phung QT, Hackney JA, Katakam AK, Reichelt M, Caplazi P, Manzanillo P, Zhang J, Roose-Girma M, Tam LW, Newman RJ, Murthy A, Weimer RM, Lill JR, Lee WP, Grimbaldeston M, Kirchhofer D, van Lookeren Campagne M. Neutrophil serine protease 4 is required for mast cell-dependent vascular leakage. Commun Biol 2020; 3:687. [PMID: 33214666 PMCID: PMC7677402 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular leakage, or edema, is a serious complication of acute allergic reactions. Vascular leakage is triggered by the release of histamine and serotonin from granules within tissue-resident mast cells. Here, we show that expression of Neutrophil Serine Protease 4 (NSP4) during the early stages of mast cell development regulates mast cell-mediated vascular leakage. In myeloid precursors, the granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GMPs), loss of NSP4 results in the decrease of cellular levels of histamine, serotonin and heparin/heparan sulfate. Mast cells that are derived from NSP4-deficient GMPs have abnormal secretory granule morphology and a sustained reduction in histamine and serotonin levels. Consequently, in passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and acute arthritis models, mast cell-mediated vascular leakage in the skin and joints is substantially reduced in NSP4-deficient mice. Our findings reveal that NSP4 is required for the proper storage of vasoactive amines in mast cell granules, which impacts mast cell-dependent vascular leakage in mouse models of immune complex-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P AhYoung
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Sterling C Eckard
- Department of Immunology, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Alvin Gogineni
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Hongkang Xi
- Department of Immunology, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - S Jack Lin
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Stefan Gerhardy
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Christian Cox
- Department of Immunology, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Qui T Phung
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics, Lipidomics, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Jason A Hackney
- Department of Bioinformatics, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | - Mike Reichelt
- Department of Pathology, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Patrick Caplazi
- Department of Pathology, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Paolo Manzanillo
- Department of Immunology, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen Research, Amgen, 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Translational Immunology, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Merone Roose-Girma
- Department of Molecular Biology, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Lucinda W Tam
- Department of Molecular Biology, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Robert J Newman
- Department of Molecular Biology, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Aditya Murthy
- Department of Cancer Immunology, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Robby M Weimer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Jennie R Lill
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics, Lipidomics, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Wyne P Lee
- Department of Translational Immunology, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Michele Grimbaldeston
- OMNI-Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Daniel Kirchhofer
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| | - Menno van Lookeren Campagne
- Department of Immunology, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
- Department of Inflammation and Oncology, Amgen Research, Amgen, 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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12
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Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans Biosynthesis and Post Synthesis Mechanisms Combine Few Enzymes and Few Core Proteins to Generate Extensive Structural and Functional Diversity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184215. [PMID: 32937952 PMCID: PMC7570499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a common and widespread post-translational modification that affects a large majority of proteins. Of these, a small minority, about 20, are specifically modified by the addition of heparan sulfate, a linear polysaccharide from the glycosaminoglycan family. The resulting molecules, heparan sulfate proteoglycans, nevertheless play a fundamental role in most biological functions by interacting with a myriad of proteins. This large functional repertoire stems from the ubiquitous presence of these molecules within the tissue and a tremendous structural variety of the heparan sulfate chains, generated through both biosynthesis and post synthesis mechanisms. The present review focusses on how proteoglycans are “gagosylated” and acquire structural complexity through the concerted action of Golgi-localized biosynthesis enzymes and extracellular modifying enzymes. It examines, in particular, the possibility that these enzymes form complexes of different modes of organization, leading to the synthesis of various oligosaccharide sequences.
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13
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Engevik MA, Luck B, Visuthranukul C, Ihekweazu FD, Engevik AC, Shi Z, Danhof HA, Chang-Graham AL, Hall A, Endres BT, Haidacher SJ, Horvath TD, Haag AM, Devaraj S, Garey KW, Britton RA, Hyser JM, Shroyer NF, Versalovic J. Human-Derived Bifidobacterium dentium Modulates the Mammalian Serotonergic System and Gut-Brain Axis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:221-248. [PMID: 32795610 PMCID: PMC7683275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The human gut microbiota can regulate production of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) from enterochromaffin cells. However, the mechanisms underlying microbial-induced serotonin signaling are not well understood. METHODS Adult germ-free mice were treated with sterile media, live Bifidobacterium dentium, heat-killed B dentium, or live Bacteroides ovatus. Mouse and human enteroids were used to assess the effects of B dentium metabolites on 5-HT release from enterochromaffin cells. In vitro and in vivo short-chain fatty acids and 5-HT levels were assessed by mass spectrometry. Expression of tryptophan hydroxylase, short-chain fatty acid receptor free fatty acid receptor 2, 5-HT receptors, and the 5-HT re-uptake transporter (serotonin transporter) were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining. RNA in situ hybridization assessed 5-HT-receptor expression in the brain, and 5-HT-receptor-dependent behavior was evaluated using the marble burying test. RESULTS B dentium mono-associated mice showed increased fecal acetate. This finding corresponded with increased intestinal 5-HT concentrations and increased expression of 5-HT receptors 2a, 4, and serotonin transporter. These effects were absent in B ovatus-treated mice. Application of acetate and B dentium-secreted products stimulated 5-HT release in mouse and human enteroids. In situ hybridization of brain tissue also showed significantly increased hippocampal expression of 5-HT-receptor 2a in B dentium-treated mice relative to germ-free controls. Functionally, B dentium colonization normalized species-typical repetitive and anxiety-like behaviors previously shown to be linked to 5-HT-receptor 2a. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that B dentium, and the bacterial metabolite acetate, are capable of regulating key components of the serotonergic system in multiple host tissues, and are associated with a functional change in adult behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A. Engevik
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Berkley Luck
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Chonnikant Visuthranukul
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas,Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Nutrition Special Task Force for Activating Research (STAR), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Faith D. Ihekweazu
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Amy C. Engevik
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville Tennessee
| | - Zhongcheng Shi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Heather A. Danhof
- Department of Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Anne Hall
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,Department of Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Bradley T. Endres
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, Texas
| | - Sigmund J. Haidacher
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Thomas D. Horvath
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Anthony M. Haag
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Sridevi Devaraj
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Kevin W. Garey
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, Texas
| | - Robert A. Britton
- Department of Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph M. Hyser
- Department of Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Noah F. Shroyer
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - James Versalovic
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas,Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas,Correspondence Address correspondence to: James Versalovic, MD, PhD, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Avenue, Suite 830, Houston, Texas 7703. fax: (832) 825-1165.
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14
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Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are well known for their role in allergic conditions. This cell can be activated by various types of secretagogues, ranging from a small chemical to a huge protein. Mast cell activation by secretagogues triggers the increase in intracellular calcium (iCa2+) concentration, granule trafficking, and exocytosis. Activated mast cells release their intra-granular pre-stored mediator or the newly synthesized mediator in the exocytosis process, in the form of degranulation or secretion. There are at least three types of exocytosis in mast cells, which are suggested to contribute to the release of different mediators, i.e.,, piecemeal, kiss-and-run, and compound exocytosis. The status of mast cells, i.e., activated or resting, is often determined by measuring the concentration of the released mediator such as histamine or β-hexosaminidase. This review summarizes several mast cell components that have been and are generally used as mast cell activation indicator, from the classical histamine and β-hexosaminidase measurement, to eicosanoid and granule trafficking observation. Basic principle of the component determination is also explained with their specified research application and purpose. The information will help to predict the experiment results with a certain study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Novrizal Abdi Sahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada , Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,Curcumin Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Univeristas Gadjah Mada , Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Takeshi Kiyoi
- Division of Analytical Bio-medicine, Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University , Toon, Ehime, Japan
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15
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Kouhpeikar H, Delbari Z, Sathyapalan T, Simental-Mendía LE, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. The Effect of Statins through Mast Cells in the Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis: a Review. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2020; 22:19. [PMID: 32458165 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-020-00837-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we discuss the evidence supporting the effects of statins on mast cells (MCs) in atherosclerosis and their molecular mechanism of action. RECENT FINDINGS Statins or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are known for their lipid-lowering properties and are widely used in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. There is growing evidence that statins have an inhibitory effect on MCs, which contributes to the pleiotropic effect of statins in various diseases. MCs are one of the crucial effectors of the immune system which play an essential role in the pathogenesis of multiple disorders. Recent studies have shown that MCs are involved in the development of atherosclerotic plaques. MCs secrete various inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL4, TNF-α, and IFNγ) and inflammatory mediators (histamine, tryptase, proteoglycans) after activation by various stimulants. This, in turn, will exacerbate atherosclerosis. Statins suppress the activation of MCs via IgE inhibition which leads to inhibition of inflammatory mediators and cytokines which are involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. In keeping with this evidence presented here, MCs can be considered as one of the therapeutic targets for statins in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Kouhpeikar
- Department of hematology and blood bank, Tabas school of nursing, Birjand University of Medical Science, Birjand, Iran
| | - Zahra Delbari
- Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, HU3 2JZ, UK
| | | | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran. .,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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16
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Flamar AL, Klose CSN, Moeller JB, Mahlakõiv T, Bessman NJ, Zhang W, Moriyama S, Stokic-Trtica V, Rankin LC, Putzel GG, Rodewald HR, He Z, Chen L, Lira SA, Karsenty G, Artis D. Interleukin-33 Induces the Enzyme Tryptophan Hydroxylase 1 to Promote Inflammatory Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell-Mediated Immunity. Immunity 2020; 52:606-619.e6. [PMID: 32160524 PMCID: PMC7218677 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) regulate immunity, inflammation, and tissue homeostasis. Two distinct subsets of ILC2s have been described: steady-state natural ILC2s and inflammatory ILC2s, which are elicited following helminth infection. However, how tissue-specific cues regulate these two subsets of ILC2s and their effector functions remains elusive. Here, we report that interleukin-33 (IL-33) promotes the generation of inflammatory ILC2s (ILC2INFLAM) via induction of the enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph1). Tph1 expression was upregulated in ILC2s upon activation with IL-33 or following helminth infection in an IL-33-dependent manner. Conditional deletion of Tph1 in lymphocytes resulted in selective impairment of ILC2INFLAM responses and increased susceptibility to helminth infection. Further, RNA sequencing analysis revealed altered gene expression in Tph1 deficient ILC2s including inducible T cell co-stimulator (Icos). Collectively, these data reveal a previously unrecognized function for IL-33, Tph1, and ICOS in promoting inflammatory ILC2 responses and type 2 immunity at mucosal barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Flamar
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Christoph S N Klose
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jesper B Moeller
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Tanel Mahlakõiv
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Nicholas J Bessman
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Saya Moriyama
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Vladislava Stokic-Trtica
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany; Max-Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucille C Rankin
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Gregory Garbès Putzel
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Hans-Reimer Rodewald
- Division of Cellular Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhengxiang He
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lili Chen
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sergio A Lira
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gerard Karsenty
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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17
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KLF4 is required for suppression of histamine synthesis by polyamines during bone marrow-derived mast cell differentiation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229744. [PMID: 32101568 PMCID: PMC7043748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells have secretory granules containing chemical mediators such as histamine and play important roles in the immune system. Polyamines are essential factors for cellular processes such as gene expression and translation. It has been reported that secretory granules contain both histamine and polyamines, which have similar chemical structures and are produced from the metabolism of cationic amino acids. We investigated the effect of polyamine depletion on mast cells using bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). Polyamine depletion was induced using α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase. DFMO treatment resulted in a significant reduction of cell number and abnormal secretory granules in BMMCs. Moreover, the cells showed a 2.3-fold increase in intracellular histamine and up-regulation of histidine decarboxylase (HDC) at the transcriptional level during BMMC differentiation. Levels of the transcription factor kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) greatly decreased upon DFMO treatment; however, Klf4 mRNA was expressed at levels similar to controls. We determined the translational regulation of KLF4 using reporter genes encoding Klf4-luc2 fusion mRNA, for transfecting NIH3T3 cells, and performed in vitro translation. We found that the efficiency of KLF4 synthesis in response to DFMO treatment was enhanced by the existence of a GC-rich 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) on Klf4 mRNA, regardless of the recognition of the initiation codon. Taken together, these results indicate that the enhancement of histamine synthesis by DFMO depends on the up-regulation of Hdc expression, achieved by removal of transcriptional suppression of KLF4, during differentiation.
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18
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Manou D, Karamanos NK, Theocharis AD. Tumorigenic functions of serglycin: Regulatory roles in epithelial to mesenchymal transition and oncogenic signaling. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 62:108-115. [PMID: 31279836 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies point out serglycin as an important regulator of tumorigenesis in a variety of malignancies. Serglycin expression correlates with the aggressive phenotype of tumor cells and serves as a poor prognostic indicator for disease progression. Although serglycin is considered as an intracellular proteoglycan, it is also secreted in the extracellular matrix by tumor cells affecting cell properties, oncogenic signaling and exosomes cargo. Serglycin directly interacts with CD44 and possibly other cell surface receptors including integrins, evoking cell adhesion and signaling. Serglycin also creates a pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic tumor microenvironment by regulating the secretion of proteolytic enzymes, IL-8, TGFβ2, CCL2, VEGF and HGF. Hence, serglycin activates multiple signaling cascades that drive angiogenesis, tumor cell growth, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, cancer cell stemness and metastasis. The interference with the tumorigenic functions of serglycin emerges as an attractive prospect to target malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Manou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Achilleas D Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece.
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19
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Farrugia BL, Mizumoto S, Lord MS, O'Grady RL, Kuchel RP, Yamada S, Whitelock JM. Hyaluronidase-4 is produced by mast cells and can cleave serglycin chondroitin sulfate chains into lower molecular weight forms. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:11458-11472. [PMID: 31175155 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.008647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells represent a heterogeneous cell population that is well-known for the production of heparin and the release of histamine upon activation. Serglycin is a proteoglycan that within mast cell α-granules is predominantly decorated with the glycosaminoglycans heparin or chondroitin sulfate (CS) and has a known role in granule homeostasis. Heparanase is a heparin-degrading enzyme, is present within the α-granules, and contributes to granule homeostasis, but an equivalent CS-degrading enzyme has not been reported previously. In this study, using several approaches, including epitope-specific antibodies, immunohistochemistry, and EM analyses, we demonstrate that human HMC-1 mast cells produce the CS-degrading enzymes hyaluronidase-1 (HYAL1) and HYAL4. We observed that treating the two model CS proteoglycans aggrecan and serglycin with HYAL1 and HYAL4 in vitro cleaves the CS chains into lower molecular weight forms with nonreducing end oligosaccharide structures similar to CS stub neoepitopes generated after digestion with the bacterial lyase chondroitinase ABC. We found that these structures are associated with both the CS linkage region and with structures more distal toward the nonreducing end of the CS chain. Furthermore, we noted that HYAL4 cleaves CS chains into lower molecular weight forms that range in length from tetra- to dodecasaccharides. These results provide first evidence that mast cells produce HYAL4 and that this enzyme may play a specific role in maintaining α-granule homeostasis in these cells by cleaving CS glycosaminoglycan chains attached to serglycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke L Farrugia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia .,Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - Megan S Lord
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Robert L O'Grady
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
| | | | - Shuhei Yamada
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8503, Japan
| | - John M Whitelock
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia
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20
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Peripheral serotonin causes dengue virus-induced thrombocytopenia through 5HT 2 receptors. Blood 2019; 133:2325-2337. [PMID: 30755421 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-08-869156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is the most prevalent vector-borne viral pathogen, infecting millions of patients annually. Thrombocytopenia, a reduction in circulating platelet counts, is the most consistent sign of DENV-induced disease, independent of disease severity. However, the mechanisms leading to DENV-induced thrombocytopenia are unknown. Here, we show that thrombocytopenia is caused by serotonin derived from mast cells (MCs), which are immune cells that are present in the perivascular space and are a major peripheral source of serotonin. We show that during DENV infection, MCs release serotonin, which prompts platelet activation, aggregation, and enhanced phagocytosis, dependent on 5HT2A receptors. MC deficiency in mice or pharmacologic inhibition of MCs reversed thrombocytopenia. Furthermore, reconstitution of MC-deficient mice with wild-type MCs, but not MCs lacking serotonin synthesis resulting from deficiency in the enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase-1, restored the thrombocytopenic phenotype. Exogenous serotonin was also sufficient to overcome the effects of drugs that inhibit platelet activation in vitro and to restore thrombocytopenia in DENV-infected MC-deficient mice. Therapeutic targeting of 5HT2A receptors during DENV infection effectively prevented thrombocytopenia in mice. Similarly, serotonin derived from DENV-activated human MCs led to increased human platelet activation. Thus, MC-derived serotonin is a previously unidentified mechanism of DENV-induced thrombocytopenia and a potential therapeutic target.
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21
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Wu H, Denna TH, Storkersen JN, Gerriets VA. Beyond a neurotransmitter: The role of serotonin in inflammation and immunity. Pharmacol Res 2019; 140:100-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Hu Frisk JM, Kjellén L, Melo FR, Öhrvik H, Pejler G. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Regulates Proteoglycan Composition of Mast Cell Secretory Granules. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1670. [PMID: 30073001 PMCID: PMC6060404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are characterized by an abundance of lysosome-like secretory granules filled with immunomodulatory compounds including histamine, cytokines, lysosomal hydrolases, MC-restricted proteases, and serglycin proteoglycans. The latter are essential for promoting the storage of other granule compounds and are built up of the serglycin core protein to which highly sulfated and thereby negatively charged glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains of heparin or chondroitin sulfate type are attached. In the search for mechanisms operating in regulating MC granule homeostasis, we here investigated the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. We show that inhibition of MEK1/2 (a MAPK kinase) leads to increased metachromatic staining of MC granules, indicative of increased proteoglycan content. Indeed, MEK1/2 inhibition caused a profound increase in the expression of the gene coding for the serglycin core protein and of genes coding for various enzymes involved in the biosynthesis/sulfation of the GAGs attached to the serglycin core protein. This was accompanied by corresponding increases in the levels of the respective GAGs. Deletion of the serglycin core protein abrogated the induction of enzymes operative in proteoglycan synthesis, indicating that availability of the serglycin proteoglycan core protein has a regulatory function impacting on the expression of the various serglycin-modifying enzymes. MEK1/2 inhibition also caused a substantial increase in the expression of granule-localized, proteoglycan-binding proteases. Altogether, this study identifies a novel role for MAPK signaling in regulating the content of secretory granules in MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Mei Hu Frisk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Kjellén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fabio R Melo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helena Öhrvik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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23
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Meyer N, Zenclussen AC. Mast cells-Good guys with a bad image? Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 80:e13002. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Meyer
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology; Medical Faculty; Otto-von-Guericke University; Magdeburg Germany
| | - Ana Claudia Zenclussen
- Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology; Medical Faculty; Otto-von-Guericke University; Magdeburg Germany
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24
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D'Ascola A, Scuruchi M, Avenoso A, Bruschetta G, Campo S, Mandraffino G, Campo GM. Serglycin is involved in inflammatory response in articular mouse chondrocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 499:506-512. [PMID: 29588174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Serglycin is expressed by a variety of cell types and mediates different functions in both normal and pathological conditions by interacting with different biological molecules, such as the CD44 receptor. Many studies suggest that serglycin has a crucial role in inflammatory response, but there are limited data on the functions of this proteoglycan in chondrocytes. In this study we investigated the effect of serglycin knockdown induced by a specific serglycin small interfering RNA (SRGN siRNA) in normal mouse chondrocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS administration in normal chondrocytes increased the expression of serglycin mRNA and related protein and the production of the pro-inflammatory mediators TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, iNOS and MMP-9, through NF-kB activation. In addition, a marked increased expression of CD44 after LPS stimulation was observed. Notably, the CD44 expression and the inflammatory response were significantly reduced by SRGN siRNA treatment in LPS treated chondrocytes. Similar results were obtained in normal mouse chondrocytes exposed to LPS, using a specific blocking antibody against CD44. These results indicate that serglycin produced in LPS-induced inflammation in normal mouse chondrocytes is able to modulate inflammation by interacting with CD44 receptor, suggesting a possible key role in the cartilage inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela D'Ascola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Michele Scuruchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Avenoso
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, Policlinico Universitario, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bruschetta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Campo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Images, Policlinico Universitario, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mandraffino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe M Campo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario, 98125 Messina, Italy
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25
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Fitzpatrick CJ, Morrow JD. Thalamic mast cell activity is associated with sign-tracking behavior in rats. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 65:222-229. [PMID: 28487202 PMCID: PMC5537013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are resident immune cells in the thalamus that can degranulate and release hundreds of signaling molecules (i.e., monoamines, growth factors, and cytokines) both basally and in response to environmental stimuli. Interestingly, mast cell numbers in the brain show immense individual variation in both rodents and humans. We used a Pavlovian conditioned approach (PCA) procedure to examine whether mast cells are associated with individual variation in the attribution of incentive-motivational value to reward-related cues. During the PCA procedure, a lever response-independently predicts the delivery of a food pellet into a magazine, and over training sessions three conditioned responses (CRs) develop: sign-tracking (lever-directed CRs), goal-tracking (magazine-directed CRs), and an intermediate response (both CRs). In Experiment 1, we measured thalamic mast cell number/activation using toluidine blue and demonstrated that sign-trackers have increased degranulated (activated) but not granulated (inactive) mast cells. In Experiment 2, we infused the mast cell inhibitor, cromolyn (200µg/rat; i.c.v.), immediately before five daily PCA training sessions and demonstrated that mast cell inhibition selectively impairs the acquisition of sign-tracking behavior. Taken together, these results demonstrate that thalamic mast cells contribute to the attribution of incentive-motivational value to reward-related cues and suggest that mast cell inhibition may be a novel target for addiction treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan D Morrow
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, 204 Washtenaw Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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26
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Bender L, Weidmann H, Rose-John S, Renné T, Long AT. Factor XII-Driven Inflammatory Reactions with Implications for Anaphylaxis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1115. [PMID: 28966616 PMCID: PMC5605561 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening allergic reaction. It is triggered by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators from mast cells and basophils in response to immunologic or non-immunologic mechanisms. Mediators that are released upon mast cell activation include the highly sulfated polysaccharide and inorganic polymer heparin and polyphosphate (polyP), respectively. Heparin and polyP supply a negative surface for factor XII (FXII) activation, a serine protease that drives contact system-mediated coagulation and inflammation. Activation of the FXII substrate plasma kallikrein leads to further activation of zymogen FXII and triggers the pro-inflammatory kallikrein-kinin system that results in the release of the mediator bradykinin (BK). The severity of anaphylaxis is correlated with the intensity of contact system activation, the magnitude of mast cell activation, and BK formation. The main inhibitor of the complement system, C1 esterase inhibitor, potently interferes with FXII activity, indicating a meaningful cross-link between complement and kallikrein-kinin systems. Deficiency in a functional C1 esterase inhibitor leads to a severe swelling disorder called hereditary angioedema (HAE). The significance of FXII in these disorders highlights the importance of studying how these processes are integrated and can be therapeutically targeted. In this review, we focus on how FXII integrates with inflammation and the complement system to cause anaphylaxis and HAE as well as highlight current diagnosis and treatments of BK-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lysann Bender
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henri Weidmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Renné
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Clinical Chemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, L1:00 Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andy T. Long
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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27
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Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan serglycin influences protein cargo loading and functions of tumor-derived exosomes. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73723-73732. [PMID: 29088739 PMCID: PMC5650294 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells produce and utilize exosomes to promote tumor growth and metastasis. Tumor-cell-derived exosomes deliver cargos that partially mimic the contents of the parent cell to nearby or distant normal or abnormal cells, thereby reprogramming the recipient cells to support tumor progression. Mechanisms by which tumor-derived exosomes subserve the tumor are under intense investigation. Here we demonstrate a critical role of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan serglycin in regulating the protein cargo and functions of myeloma cell-derived exosomes. Previous studies have shown that serglycin, the only known intracellular proteoglycan, functions mainly in the storage of basically charged components within the intracellular granules/vesicles via serglycin’s densely clustered, negatively charged glycosaminoglycan chains. Here we demonstrate that serglycin plays a critical role in the protein cargo loading of tumor-derived exosomes. Serglycin was detected in exosomes derived from cell culture supernatants of human myeloma cell lines and serum of myeloma patients. Mass spectrometry analysis of exosomal proteins identified significantly fewer protein components within exosomes derived from serglycin-knockdown myeloma cells than within exosomes from control cells. On gene ontology analysis, exosomes derived from serglycin-knockdown cells, but not from control cells, lacked many proteins that are required for mediating different cellular processes. In functional assays, exosomes from serglycin-knockdown cells failed to induce an invasive phenotype in myeloma cells and failed to promote migration of macrophages. These findings reveal that serglycin plays an important role in maintaining the protein cargo in tumor-derived exosomes and suggest that targeting serglycin may temper the influence of these exosomes on cancer progression.
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28
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Acidic pH is essential for maintaining mast cell secretory granule homeostasis. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2785. [PMID: 28492555 PMCID: PMC5584528 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
It has been recognized for a long time that the secretory granules of mast cells are acidic, but the functional importance of maintaining an acidic pH in the mast cell granules is not fully understood. Here we addressed this issue by examining the effects of raising the pH of the mast cell secretory granules. Mast cells were incubated with bafilomycin A1, an inhibitor of the vacuolar-type ATPase proton pump. Supporting a role of vacuolar-type ATPase in mast cell granule acidification, bafilomycin A1 treatment caused a robust increase in granule pH. This was accompanied by marked effects on mast cell granules, including swelling and acquisition of vacuole-like morphology. Moreover, bafilomycin A1 caused extensive, yet selective effects on the granule content. These included aberrant processing of pro-carboxypeptidase A3 and a reduction in the level of intracellular histamine, the latter being accompanied by an increase in extracellular histamine. In contrast, the storage of β-hexosaminidase, a prototype lysosomal hydrolase known to be stored in mast cell granules, was not affected by abrogation of granule acidification. Moreover, bafilomycin A1 caused a reduction of tryptase enzymatic activity and appearance of tryptase degradation products. Tryptase inhibition prevented the formation of such degradation products, suggesting that the pH elevation causes tryptase to undergo autoproteolysis. Taken together, our findings reveal that mast cell secretory granule homeostasis is critically dependent on an acidic milieu.
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29
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Pettersson H, Zarnegar B, Westin A, Persson V, Peuckert C, Jonsson J, Hallgren J, Kullander K. SLC10A4 regulates IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation in vitro and mast cell-mediated reactions in vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1085. [PMID: 28439090 PMCID: PMC5430724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01121-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells act as sensors in innate immunity and as effector cells in adaptive immune reactions. Here we demonstrate that SLC10A4, also referred to as the vesicular aminergic-associated transporter, VAAT, modifies mast cell degranulation. Strikingly, Slc10a4 -/- bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) had a significant reduction in the release of granule-associated mediators in response to IgE/antigen-mediated activation, whereas the in vitro development of mast cells, the storage of the granule-associated enzyme mouse mast cell protease 6 (mMCP-6), and the release of prostaglandin D2 and IL-6 were normal. Slc10a4-deficient mice had a strongly reduced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction and a less intense itching behaviour in response to the mast cell degranulator 48/80. Live imaging of the IgE/antigen-mediated activation showed decreased degranulation and that ATP was retained to a higher degree in mast cell granules lacking SLC10A4. Furthermore, ATP was reduced by two thirds in Slc10a4 -/- BMMCs supernatants in response to IgE/antigen. We speculate that SLC10A4 affects the amount of granule-associated ATP upon IgE/antigen-induced mast cell activation, which affect the release of granule-associated mast cell mediators. In summary, SLC10A4 acts as a regulator of degranulation in vitro and of mast cell-related reactions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Pettersson
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyv, 18A, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Behdad Zarnegar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Annika Westin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Viktor Persson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christiane Peuckert
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Jonsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jenny Hallgren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Klas Kullander
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.
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30
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da Silva WF, Simões MJ, Gutierre RC, Egami MI, Santos AA, Antoniazzi MM, Sasso GR, Ranzani-Paiva MJT. Special dyeing, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and ultrastructure: A study of mast cells/eosinophilic granules cells (MCs/EGC) from Centropomus parallelus intestine. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 60:502-508. [PMID: 27840170 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestine mast cells/eosinophilic granule cells (MCs/EGC) of the marine species Centropomus parallelus (fat snook) were first studied using light and electron microscopy techniques. Mast cells are cells from the connective tissue found in almost all organs and tissues of vertebrates. In fish, they appear in greater numbers in parts of their bodies that are exposed to their environment, such as skin, gills and intestine. The granules in fat snook's mast cell contain a variety of substances, such as histamine, heparin, chondroitin sulfate, serotonin, proteases and cytokines. The present study of intestine MCs/EGC was carried out in 20 specimens of fat snook. Samples of tissue were fixed in Bouin solution and in buffered formalin. Ferric hematoxylin - Congo red, pH6 acridine orange, pH2.5 and pH0,5 Alcian Blue (AB), toluidine blue, PAS, AB + PAS and immunohistochemistry protocols were used. In the mucosa and submucosa layers, MCs/EGCs granules with basic contents were evidenced by Congo red staining, and with acid contents granules were identified through pH 2.5 and 0,5 AB, and acridine orange. Basic and acid contents were simultaneously evidenced using ferric hematoxylin - Congo red stain. Metachromasia was observed in both mucosal and submucosal mast cells. Neutral glycoproteins were evidenced by using PAS protocol, glycosaminoglycan through AB and both simultaneously through AB + PAS. In immunohistochemistry assays, MCs/EGC were positive for tryptase, chymase and serotonin. As in mammals, the study of samples fixed in modified Karnovsky for transmission electron microscopy evidenced that most of the MCs granules were spherical and showed varying electron density, as described in previous reports on other teleost fish species. The metachromasia observed and the identification of tryptase, chymase and serotonin suggest a great similarity between fat snook's MCs/EGC and those described in the mucosa of mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wémeson F da Silva
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Laboratory of Histology and Structural Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Morphology Department, Adventist University Center of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Manuel J Simões
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Laboratory of Histology and Structural Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Robson C Gutierre
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Laboratory of Histology and Structural Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Exercise Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mizue I Egami
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Laboratory of Histology and Structural Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antenor A Santos
- Morphology Department, Adventist University Center of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Gisela R Sasso
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Laboratory of Histology and Structural Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Mulloy B, Lever R, Page CP. Mast cell glycosaminoglycans. Glycoconj J 2016; 34:351-361. [PMID: 27900574 PMCID: PMC5487770 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells contain granules packed with a mixture of proteins that are released on degranulation. The proteoglycan serglycin carries an array of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains, sometimes heparin, sometimes chondroitin or dermatan sulphate. Tight packing of granule proteins is dependent on the presence of serglycin carrying these GAGs. The GAGs of mast cells were most intensively studied in the 1970s and 1980s, and though something is known about the fine structure of chondroitin sulphate and dermatan sulphate in mast cells, little is understood about the composition of the heparin/heparan sulphate chains. Recent emphasis on the analysis of mast cell heparin from different species and tissues, arising from the use of this GAG in medicine, lead to the question of whether variations within heparin structures between mast cell populations are as significant as variations in the mix of chondroitins and heparins.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mulloy
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute for Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NN, UK.
| | - R Lever
- 1 UCL School of Pharmacy, Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - C P Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute for Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford St, London, SE1 9NN, UK
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32
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Mackey E, Ayyadurai S, Pohl CS, D' Costa S, Li Y, Moeser AJ. Sexual dimorphism in the mast cell transcriptome and the pathophysiological responses to immunological and psychological stress. Biol Sex Differ 2016; 7:60. [PMID: 27895892 PMCID: PMC5120457 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-016-0113-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biological sex plays a prominent role in the prevalence and severity of a number of important stress-related gastrointestinal and immune-related diseases including IBS and allergy/anaphylaxis. Despite the establishment of sex differences in these diseases, the underlying mechanisms contributing to sex differences remain poorly understood. The objective of this study was to define the role of biological sex on mast cells (MCs), an innate immune cell central to the pathophysiology of many GI and allergic disorders. Methods Twelve-week-old C57BL/6 male and female mice were exposed to immunological stress (2 h of IgE-mediated passive systemic anaphylaxis (PSA)) or psychological stress (1 h of restraint stress (RS)) and temperature, clinical scores, serum histamine, and intestinal permeability (for RS) were measured. Primary bone marrow-derived MCs (BMMCs) were harvested from male and female mice and analyzed for MC degranulation, signaling pathways, mediator content, and RNA transcriptome analysis. Results Sexually dimorphic responses were observed in both models of PSA and RS and in primary MCs. Compared with male mice, female mice exhibited increased clinical scores, hypothermia, and serum histamine levels in response to PSA and had greater intestinal permeability and serum histamine responses to RS. Primary BMMCs from female mice exhibited increased release of β-hexosaminidase, histamine, tryptase, and TNF-α upon stimulation with IgE/DNP and A23187. Increased mediator release in female BMMCs was not associated with increased upstream phospho-tyrosine signaling pathways or downstream Ca2+ mobilization. Instead, increased mediator release in female MCs was associated with markedly increased capacity for synthesis and storage of MC granule-associated immune mediators as determined by MC mediator content and RNA transcriptome analysis. Conclusions These results provide a new understanding of sexual dimorphic responses in MCs and have direct implications for stress-related diseases associated with a female predominance and MC hyperactivity including irritable bowel syndrome, allergy, and anaphylaxis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13293-016-0113-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Mackey
- Gastrointestinal Stress Biology Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA ; Comparative Biomedical Sciences Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA
| | - Saravanan Ayyadurai
- Gastrointestinal Stress Biology Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA ; Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Calvin S Pohl
- Gastrointestinal Stress Biology Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA ; Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Susan D' Costa
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Yihang Li
- Gastrointestinal Stress Biology Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA ; Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Adam J Moeser
- Gastrointestinal Stress Biology Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA ; Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA ; Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA ; Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
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Chu Q, Huang H, Huang T, Cao L, Peng L, Shi S, Zheng L, Xu L, Zhang S, Huang J, Li X, Qian C, Huang B. Extracellular serglycin upregulates the CD44 receptor in an autocrine manner to maintain self-renewal in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by reciprocally activating the MAPK/β-catenin axis. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2456. [PMID: 27809309 PMCID: PMC5260886 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Serglycin is a proteoglycan that was first found to be secreted by hematopoietic cells. As an extracellular matrix (ECM) component, serglycin promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) metastasis and serves as an independent, unfavorable NPC prognostic indicator. The detailed mechanism underlying the roles of serglycin in cancer progression remains to be clarified. Here, we report that serglycin knockdown in NPC cells inhibited cell sphere formation and tumor seeding abilities. Serglycin downregulation enhanced high-metastasis NPC cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. It has been reported that serglycin is a novel ligand for the stem cell marker CD44. Interestingly, we found a positive correlation between serglycin expression and CD44 in nasopharyngeal tissues and NPC cell lines. Further study revealed that CD44 was an ERK-dependent downstream effector of serglycin signaling, and serglycin activated the MAPK/β-catenin axis to induce CD44 receptor expression in a positive feedback loop. Taken together, our novel findings suggest that ECM serglycin upregulated CD44 receptor expression to maintain NPC stemness by interacting with CD44 and activating the MAPK/β-catenin pathway, resulting in NPC cell chemoresistance. These findings suggest that the intervention of serglycin/CD44 axis and downstream signaling pathway is a rational strategy for targeting NPC cancer stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqiao Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongbing Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiejun Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Peng
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Simei Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lisheng Zheng
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jialing Huang
- Department of Pathology, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ, USA
| | - Xinjian Li
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chaonan Qian
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bijun Huang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Wolf P, Byrne SN, Limon-Flores AY, Hoefler G, Ullrich SE. Serotonin signalling is crucial in the induction of PUVA-induced systemic suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity but not local apoptosis or inflammation of the skin. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:537-43. [PMID: 26914366 PMCID: PMC4927393 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Psoralen and UVA (PUVA) has immunosuppressive and proapoptotic effects, which are thought to be responsible alone or in combination for its therapeutic efficacy. However, the molecular mechanism by which PUVA mediates its effects is not well understood. Activation of the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) pathway has been suggested to be involved in the modulation of T-cell responses and found to mediate UVB-induced immune suppression. In particular, the activation of the 5-HT2A receptor has been proposed as one mechanism responsible for UV-induced immune suppression. We therefore hypothesized that 5-HT may play a role in PUVA-induced effects. The model of systemic suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to Candida albicans was used to study immune function after exposure of C3H and KIT(W) (-Sh/W-Sh) mice to a minimal inflammatory dose of topical PUVA. The intra-peritoneal injection of the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist ketanserin or cyproheptadine or an anti-5-HT antibody immediately before PUVA exposure entirely abrogated suppression of DTH but had no significant effect on inflammation, as measured by swelling and cellular infiltration of the skin, and apoptosis as determined by the number of sunburn cells in C3H mice. Importantly, the systemic injection of 5-HT recapitulated PUVA immune suppression of DTH but did not induce inflammation or apoptosis in the skin. KIT(W) (-Sh/W-Sh) mice (exhibiting myelopoietic abnormalities, including lack of 5-HT-containing mast cells) were resistant to PUVA-induced suppression of DTH but not local skin swelling. Thus, this points towards a crucial role of 5-HT signalling in PUVA-induced immune suppression but not inflammation or apoptosis in situ in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wolf
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz
| | - Scott N. Byrne
- Cellular Photoimmunology Group, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, the Charles Perkins Centre at The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Alberto Y. Limon-Flores
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Institute for Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, A-8036, Austria
| | - Stephen E. Ullrich
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
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Roy A, Sawesi O, Pettersson U, Dagälv A, Kjellén L, Lundén A, Åbrink M. Serglycin proteoglycans limit enteropathy in Trichinella spiralis-infected mice. BMC Immunol 2016; 17:15. [PMID: 27267469 PMCID: PMC4897876 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-016-0155-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serglycin proteoglycans are essential for maturation of secretory granules and for the correct granular storage of cationic proteases in hematopoietic cells, e.g. mast cells. However, little is known about the in vivo functions of serglycin proteoglycans during infection. Here we investigated the potential role of serglycin proteoglycans in host defense after infection with the nematode Trichinella spiralis. RESULTS Twelve days post infection lack of serglycin proteoglycans caused significantly increased enteropathy. The serglycin-deficient mice showed significantly increased intestinal worm burden, reduced recruitment of mast cells to the intestinal crypts, decreased levels of the mast cell proteases MCPT5 and MCPT6 in intestinal tissue, decreased serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10 and IL-13, increased levels of IL-4 and total IgE in serum, and increased intestinal levels of the neutrophil markers myeloperoxidase and elastase, as compared to wild type mice. At five weeks post infection, increased larvae burden and inflammation were seen in the muscle tissue of the serglycin-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the serglycin-deficient mice were more susceptible to T. spiralis infection and displayed an unbalanced immune response compared to wild type mice. These findings point to an essential regulatory role of serglycin proteoglycans in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Roy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section of Immunology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, VHC, Box 7028, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Osama Sawesi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section of Immunology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, VHC, Box 7028, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Pettersson
- Department of Pathology and Wildlife Diseases, The National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Dagälv
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Kjellén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Lundén
- Department of Microbiology, The National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section of Immunology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, VHC, Box 7028, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Åbrink
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section of Immunology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, VHC, Box 7028, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Roy A, Femel J, Huijbers EJM, Spillmann D, Larsson E, Ringvall M, Olsson AK, Åbrink M. Targeting Serglycin Prevents Metastasis in Murine Mammary Carcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156151. [PMID: 27223472 PMCID: PMC4880347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In hematopoietic cells, serglycin proteoglycans mainly contribute to proper storage and secretion of inflammatory mediators via their negatively charged glycosaminoglycans. Serglycin proteoglycans are also expressed in cancer cells where increased expression has been linked to poor prognosis. However, the serglycin-dependent mediators promoting cancer progression remain to be determined. In the present study we report that genetic ablation of serglycin proteoglycan completely blocks lung metastasis in the MMTV-PyMT-driven mouse breast cancer model, while serglycin-deficiency did not affect primary tumour growth or number of mammary tumours. Although E-cadherin expression was higher in the serglycin-deficient primary tumour tissue, indicating reduced invasiveness, serglycin-deficient tumour cells were still detected in the circulation. These data suggest that serglycin proteoglycans play a role in extravasation as well as colonization and growth of metastatic cells. A microarray expression analysis and functional annotation of differentially expressed genes identified several biological pathways where serglycin may be important. Our results suggest that serglycin and serglycin-dependent mediators are potential drug targets to prevent metastatic disease/dissemination of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Roy
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Box 7028, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Box 582, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Julia Femel
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Box 582, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth J. M. Huijbers
- VUMC—Cancer Center Amsterdam, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Dept. of Medical Oncology, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorothe Spillmann
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Box 582, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Larsson
- Uppsala University, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck laboratory, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Ringvall
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Box 582, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna-Karin Olsson
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Box 582, 75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Åbrink
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Box 7028, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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A novel role for antizyme inhibitor 2 as a regulator of serotonin and histamine biosynthesis and content in mouse mast cells. Amino Acids 2016; 48:2411-21. [PMID: 27084713 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Antizymes and antizyme inhibitors are key regulatory proteins of polyamine levels by affecting ornithine decarboxylase and polyamine uptake. Our previous studies indicated a metabolic interplay among polyamines, histamine and serotonin in mast cells, and demonstrated that polyamines are present in mast cell secretory granules, being important for histamine storage and serotonin levels. Recently, the novel antizyme inhibitor-2 (AZIN2) was proposed as a local regulator of polyamine biosynthesis in association with mast cell serotonin-containing granules. To gain insight into the role of AZIN2 in the biosynthesis and storage of serotonin and histamine, we have generated bone marrow derived mast cells (BMMCs) from both wild-type and transgenic Azin2 hypomorphic mice, and have analyzed polyamines, serotonin and histamine contents, and some elements of their metabolisms. Azin2 hypomorphic BMMCs did not show major mast cell phenotypic alterations as judged by morphology and specific mast cell proteases. However, compared to wild-type controls, these cells showed reduced spermidine and spermine levels, and diminished growth rate. Serotonin levels were also reduced, whereas histamine levels tended to increase. Accordingly, tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (TPH1; the key enzyme for serotonin biosynthesis) mRNA expression and protein levels were reduced, whereas histidine decarboxylase (the enzyme responsible for histamine biosynthesis) enzymatic activity was increased. Furthermore, microphtalmia-associated transcription factor, an element involved in the regulation of Tph1 expression, was reduced. Taken together, our results show, for the first time, an element of polyamine metabolism -AZIN2-, so far described as exclusively devoted to the control of polyamine concentrations, involved in regulating the biosynthesis and content of other amines like serotonin and histamine.
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Balseiro-Gomez S, Ramirez-Ponce MP, Acosta J, Ales E, Flores JA. Intestinal and peritoneal mast cells differ in kinetics of quantal release. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 469:559-64. [PMID: 26692491 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
5-hydroxytriptamine (5-HT, serotonin) storage and release in mast cell (MC) secretory granules (SG) are dependent on serglycin proteoglycans (PG). This notion is based on the studies of MC of the connective tissue subtype that predominantly contain PG of the heparin type, whereas intestinal mucosal MC, which contain predominantly chondroitin sulfate, have been poorly explored. In the present study, we addressed the possibility that PG contents may differently affect the storage and release of preformed mediators in these two MC subclasses and explain in part their different functional properties. Rat peritoneal (PMC) and intestinal mast cells (IMC) were isolated and purified using a percoll gradient, and the efflux of 5-HT from each SG was measured by amperometric detection. IMC exhibited a ∼34% reduction in the release of 5-HT compared with PMC because of a lower number of exocytotic events, rather than a lower secretion per single exocytotic event. Amperometric spikes from IMC exhibited a slower decay phase and increased half-width but a similar ascending phase and foot parameters, indicating that the fusion pore kinetics are comparable in both MC subclasses. We conclude that both PG subtypes are equally efficient systems, directly involved in serotonin accumulation, and play a crucial role in regulating the kinetics of exocytosis from SG, providing specific secretory properties for the two cellular subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Balseiro-Gomez
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain.
| | - M Pilar Ramirez-Ponce
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain.
| | - Jorge Acosta
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain.
| | - Eva Ales
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain.
| | - Juan A Flores
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Seville, Spain.
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Öhrvik H, Logeman B, Noguchi G, Eriksson I, Kjellén L, Thiele DJ, Pejler G. Ctr2 Regulates Mast Cell Maturation by Affecting the Storage and Expression of Tryptase and Proteoglycans. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:3654-64. [PMID: 26342034 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is essential for multiple cellular functions. Cellular uptake of Cu(+) is carried out by the Ctr1 high-affinity Cu transporter. The mobilization of endosomal Cu pools is regulated by a protein structurally similar to Ctr1, called Ctr2. It was recently shown that ablation of Ctr2 caused an increase in the concentration of Cu localized to endolysosomes. However, the biological significance of excess endolysosomal Cu accumulation has not been assessed. In this study, we addressed this issue by investigating the impact of Ctr2 deficiency on mast cells, a cell type unusually rich in endolysosomal organelles (secretory granules). We show that Ctr2(-/-) mast cells have increased intracellular Cu concentrations and that the absence of Ctr2 results in increased metachromatic staining, the latter indicating an impact of Ctr2 on the storage of proteoglycans in the secretory granules. In agreement with this, the absence of Ctr2 caused a skewed ratio between proteoglycans of heparin and chondroitin sulfate type, with increased amounts of heparin accompanied by a reduction of chondroitin sulfate. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed a higher number of electron-dense granules in Ctr2(-/-) mast cells than in wild-type cells. The increase in granular staining and heparin content is compatible with an impact of Ctr2 on mast cell maturation and, in support of this, the absence of Ctr2 resulted in markedly increased mRNA expression, storage, and enzymatic activity of tryptase. Taken together, the present study introduces Ctr2 and Cu as novel actors in the regulation of mast cell maturation and granule homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Öhrvik
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75123, Sweden;
| | - Brandon Logeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Glyn Noguchi
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Inger Eriksson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75123, Sweden
| | - Lena Kjellén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75123, Sweden
| | - Dennis J Thiele
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710; Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710; and
| | - Gunnar Pejler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75123, Sweden; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Uppsala 75651, Sweden
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40
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Wang X, Kulka M. n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids and mast cell activation. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 97:859-871. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2ru0814-388r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Moon TC, Befus AD, Kulka M. Mast cell mediators: their differential release and the secretory pathways involved. Front Immunol 2014; 5:569. [PMID: 25452755 PMCID: PMC4231949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MC) are widely distributed throughout the body and are common at mucosal surfaces, a major host-environment interface. MC are functionally and phenotypically heterogeneous depending on the microenvironment in which they mature. Although MC have been classically viewed as effector cells of IgE-mediated allergic diseases, they are also recognized as important in host defense, innate and acquired immunity, homeostatic responses, and immunoregulation. MC activation can induce release of pre-formed mediators such as histamine from their granules, as well as release of de novo synthesized lipid mediators, cytokines, and chemokines that play diverse roles, not only in allergic reactions but also in numerous physiological and pathophysiological responses. Indeed, MC release their mediators in a discriminating and chronological manner, depending upon the stimuli involved and their signaling cascades (e.g., IgE-mediated or Toll-like receptor-mediated). However, the precise mechanisms underlying differential mediator release in response to these stimuli are poorly known. This review summarizes our knowledge of MC mediators and will focus on what is known about the discriminatory release of these mediators dependent upon diverse stimuli, MC phenotypes, and species of origin, as well as on the intracellular synthesis, storage, and secretory processes involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Chul Moon
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - A. Dean Befus
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Marianna Kulka
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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da Silva EZM, Jamur MC, Oliver C. Mast cell function: a new vision of an old cell. J Histochem Cytochem 2014; 62:698-738. [PMID: 25062998 PMCID: PMC4230976 DOI: 10.1369/0022155414545334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since first described by Paul Ehrlich in 1878, mast cells have been mostly viewed as effectors of allergy. It has been only in the past two decades that mast cells have gained recognition for their involvement in other physiological and pathological processes. Mast cells have a widespread distribution and are found predominantly at the interface between the host and the external environment. Mast cell maturation, phenotype and function are a direct consequence of the local microenvironment and have a marked influence on their ability to specifically recognize and respond to various stimuli through the release of an array of biologically active mediators. These features enable mast cells to act as both first responders in harmful situations as well as to respond to changes in their environment by communicating with a variety of other cells implicated in physiological and immunological responses. Therefore, the critical role of mast cells in both innate and adaptive immunity, including immune tolerance, has gained increased prominence. Conversely, mast cell dysfunction has pointed to these cells as the main offenders in several chronic allergic/inflammatory disorders, cancer and autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge of mast cell function in both normal and pathological conditions with regards to their regulation, phenotype and role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Zayas Marcelino da Silva
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil (EZMDS, MCJ, CO)
| | - Maria Célia Jamur
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil (EZMDS, MCJ, CO)
| | - Constance Oliver
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil (EZMDS, MCJ, CO)
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44
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Hallgren J, Gurish MF. Granule maturation in mast cells: histamine in control. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:33-6. [PMID: 24319003 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells are derived from committed progenitors that originate in the BM. They mature into histochemically distinguishable, metachromatic mast cells containing numerous cytoplasmic secretory granules. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that mast cell granule maturation is very tightly regulated by many factors including different granule components such as proteoglycans. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Nakazawa et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2014. 44: 204-214] highlight a role for mast cell derived histamine as another factor critical for mast cell maturation. Using histidine decarboxylase (HDC) deficient mice that are unable to make histamine, they show poorly formed secretory granules and decreased secretory granule protease expression in peritoneal mast cells. Co-culturing BM-derived mast cells with fibroblasts normally drives granule maturation, but HDC-deficient BM-derived mast cells fail to do so. Exogenously provided histamine partly restores granule differentiation as evidenced by increased tryptase and chymase activity, and this is histamine receptor type H4 -dependent. However, H4 -deficient mice have intact granule formation in peritoneal mast cells, suggesting that when HDC is functional, the intrinsic histamine production is sufficient for most granule maturation processes and H4 is dispensable. This study highlights the role of histamine in the regulation of mast cell maturation, although the cytosolic target remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Hallgren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Li HJ, Johnston B, Aiello D, Caffrey DR, Giel-Moloney M, Rindi G, Leiter AB. Distinct cellular origins for serotonin-expressing and enterochromaffin-like cells in the gastric corpus. Gastroenterology 2014; 146:754-764.e3. [PMID: 24316261 PMCID: PMC3943955 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2013.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The alimentary tract contains a diffuse endocrine system comprising enteroendocrine cells that secrete peptides or biogenic amines to regulate digestion, insulin secretion, food intake, and energy homeostasis. Lineage analysis in the stomach revealed that a significant fraction of endocrine cells in the gastric corpus did not arise from Neurogenin3 (Neurog3)-expressing cells, unlike enteroendocrine cells elsewhere in the digestive tract. We aimed to isolate enriched serotonin-secreting and enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells from the stomach and to clarify their cellular origin. METHODS We used Neurogenic differentiation 1 (NeuroD1) and Neurog3 lineage analysis and examined the differentiation of serotonin-producing and ECL cells in stomach tissues of NeuroD1-cre;ROSA(tdTom), tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph1)-cyan fluorescent protein (CFP), c-Kit(wsh/wsh), and Neurog3Cre;ROSA(tdTom) mice by immunohistochemistry. We used fluorescence-activated cell sorting to isolate each cell type for gene expression analysis. We also performed RNA sequencing analysis of ECL cells. RESULTS Neither serotonin-secreting nor ECL cells of the corpus arose from cells expressing NeuroD1. Serotonin-secreting cells expressed a number of mast cell genes but not genes associated with endocrine differentiation; they did not develop in c-Kit(wsh/wsh) mice and were labeled with transplanted bone marrow cells. RNA sequencing analysis of ECL cells revealed high expression levels of many genes common to endocrine cells, including transcription factors, hormones, ion channels, and solute transporters but not markers of bone marrow cells. CONCLUSIONS Serotonin-expressing cells of the gastric corpus of mice appear to be bone marrow-derived mucosal mast cells. Gene expression analysis of ECL cells indicated that they are endocrine cells of epithelial origin that do not express the same transcription factors as their intestinal enteroendocrine cell counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Joyce Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of
Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Brian Johnston
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of
Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Daniel Aiello
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School,
Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Daniel R Caffrey
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School,
Worcester, MA 01605
| | | | | | - Andrew B. Leiter
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of
Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605,Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School,
Worcester, MA 01605
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Korpetinou A, Skandalis SS, Labropoulou VT, Smirlaki G, Noulas A, Karamanos NK, Theocharis AD. Serglycin: at the crossroad of inflammation and malignancy. Front Oncol 2014; 3:327. [PMID: 24455486 PMCID: PMC3888995 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Serglycin has been initially characterized as an intracellular proteoglycan expressed by hematopoietic cells. All inflammatory cells highly synthesize serglycin and store it in granules, where it interacts with numerous inflammatory mediators, such as proteases, chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors. Serglycin is implicated in their storage into the granules and their protection since they are secreted as complexes and delivered to their targets after secretion. During the last decade, numerous studies have demonstrated that serglycin is also synthesized by various non-hematopoietic cell types. It has been shown that serglycin is highly expressed by tumor cells and promotes their aggressive phenotype and confers resistance against drugs and complement system attack. Apart from its direct beneficial role to tumor cells, serglycin may promote the inflammatory process in the tumor cell microenvironment thus enhancing tumor development. In the present review, we discuss the role of serglycin in inflammation and tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Korpetinou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras , Patras , Greece
| | - Spyros S Skandalis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras , Patras , Greece
| | | | - Gianna Smirlaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras , Patras , Greece
| | | | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras , Patras , Greece
| | - Achilleas D Theocharis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras , Patras , Greece
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Aminooxy analog of histamine is an efficient inhibitor of mammalian l-histidine decarboxylase: combined in silico and experimental evidence. Amino Acids 2013; 46:621-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1589-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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48
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Nakazawa S, Sakanaka M, Furuta K, Natsuhara M, Takano H, Tsuchiya S, Okuno Y, Ohtsu H, Nishibori M, Thurmond RL, Hirasawa N, Nakayama K, Ichikawa A, Sugimoto Y, Tanaka S. Histamine synthesis is required for granule maturation in murine mast cells. Eur J Immunol 2013; 44:204-14. [PMID: 24002822 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells are the major sources of histamine, which is released in response to immunological stimulations. The synthesis of histamine is catalyzed by histidine decarboxylase (HDC). Previous studies have shown that Hdc(-/-) mast cells exhibit aberrant granule morphology with severely decreased granule content. Here, we investigated whether the histamine synthesized in mast cells regulates the granule maturation of murine mast cells. Several genes, including those encoding granule proteases and enzymes involved in heparin biosynthesis, were downregulated in Hdc(-/-) peritoneal mast cells. Impaired granule maturation was also found in Hdc(-/-) BM-derived cultured mast cells when they were cocultured with fibroblasts in the presence of c-kit ligand. Exogenous application of histamine and several H4 receptor agonists restored the granule maturation of Hdc(-/-) cultured mast cells. However, the maturation of granules was largely normal in Hrh4(-/-) peritoneal mast cells. Depletion of cellular histamine with tetrabenazine, an inhibitor of vesicular monoamine transporter-2, did not affect granule maturation. In vivo experiments with mast cell deficient Kit(W) /Kit(W-v) mice indicated that the expression of the Hdc gene in mast cells is required for granule maturation. These results suggest that histamine promotes granule maturation in mast cells and acts as an proinflammatory mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Nakazawa
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Sánchez-Jiménez F, Ruiz-Pérez MV, Urdiales JL, Medina MA. Pharmacological potential of biogenic amine-polyamine interactions beyond neurotransmission. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 170:4-16. [PMID: 23347064 PMCID: PMC3764843 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine, serotonin and dopamine are biogenic amines involved in intercellular communication with multiple effects on human pathophysiology. They are products of two highly homologous enzymes, histidine decarboxylase and l-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, and transmit their signals through different receptors and signal transduction mechanisms. Polyamines derived from ornithine (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) are mainly involved in intracellular effects related to cell proliferation and death mechanisms. This review summarizes structural and functional evidence for interactions between components of all these amine metabolic and signalling networks (decarboxylases, transporters, oxidases, receptors etc.) at cellular and tissue levels, distinct from nervous and neuroendocrine systems, where the crosstalk among these amine-related components can also have important pathophysiological consequences. The discussion highlights aspects that could help to predict and discuss the effects of intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sánchez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Teatinos, Universidad de Málaga, Spain.
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50
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Abstract
Serglycin belongs to a family of small proteoglycans with Ser-Gly dipeptide repeats, and it is modified with different types of glycosaminoglycan side chains. Intracellular serglycin affects the retention and secretion of proteases, chemokines, or other cytokines by physically binding to these factors in secretory granules. Extracellular serglycin has been found to be released by several types of human cancer cells, and it is able to promote the metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Serglycin can bind to CD44, which is another glycoprotein located in cellular membrane. Serglycin's function of promoting cancer cell metastasis depends on glycosylation of its core protein, which can be achieved by autocrine as well as paracrine secretion mechanisms. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate serglycin signaling mechanisms with the goal of targeting them to prevent cancer cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P. R. China. qianchn@ sysucc.org.cn
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