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Choi W, Ho CH, Lee Y. Temporal pattern classification of PM 2.5 chemical compositions in Seoul, Korea using K-means clustering analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:172157. [PMID: 38569969 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Particulate matter with a diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is a complex mixture of particles with a variety of compositions potentially including sulfate ions (SO42-), nitrate ions (NO3-), ammonium ions (NH4+), organic and inorganic elemental carbon, and metals. Here, the temporal composition evolution of PM2.5 was analyzed to characterize its emission source, origin, and external influences. The concentrations of wintertime PM2.5 chemical compositions in Seoul, Korea during the period of 2012-2021 were classified into four representative clusters using a K-means cluster analysis method. Cluster 1 exhibited high concentrations of NO3- and NH4+ ions mainly due to the prevalence of emissions from domestic manure and fertilizer sources in the northeast. High concentrations of these two ions are conducive to generation of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) through atmospheric chemical reactions, resulting in relatively long-lasting high PM2.5 concentrations in Seoul. In cluster 2, high concentrations of SO42-, vanadium, and nickel were observed in frequent south-westerly winds, indicating the domestic influence of industrial facilities. Cluster 3 showed high concentrations of potassium ions and organic carbon, highlighting a pronounced external influence transported from China via prevailing westerly winds. Cluster 4 showed low PM2.5 concentrations accompanied by strong winds in warm environments, which are uncommon in winter. This study revealed that the air quality in Seoul, which was influenced by many factors, could be classified into four representative patterns. Our results provide insights into the emission sources, major influences, and responsible mechanisms of high PM2.5 concentrations in Seoul, which can help with air quality policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woosuk Choi
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hoi Ho
- Department of Climate and Energy Systems Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoojin Lee
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Wang F, Yuan Z, Qin S, Qin F, Zhang J, Mo C, Kang Y, Huang S, Qin F, Jiang J, Liu A, Liang H, Ye L. The effects of meteorological factors and air pollutants on the incidence of tuberculosis in people living with HIV/AIDS in subtropical Guangxi, China. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1333. [PMID: 38760740 PMCID: PMC11100081 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18475-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown the association between tuberculosis (TB) and meteorological factors/air pollutants. However, little information is available for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), who are highly susceptible to TB. METHOD Data regarding TB cases in PLWHA from 2014 to2020 were collected from the HIV antiviral therapy cohort in Guangxi, China. Meteorological and air pollutants data for the same period were obtained from the China Meteorological Science Data Sharing Service Network and Department of Ecology and Environment of Guangxi. A distribution lag non-linear model (DLNM) was used to evaluate the effects of meteorological factors and air pollutant exposure on the risk of TB in PLWHA. RESULTS A total of 2087 new or re-active TB cases were collected, which had a significant seasonal and periodic distribution. Compared with the median values, the maximum cumulative relative risk (RR) for TB in PLWHA was 0.663 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.507-0.866, lag 4 weeks) for a 5-unit increase in temperature, and 1.478 (95% CI: 1.116-1.957, lag 4 weeks) for a 2-unit increase in precipitation. However, neither wind speed nor PM10 had a significant cumulative lag effect. Extreme analysis demonstrated that the hot effect (RR = 0.638, 95%CI: 0.425-0.958, lag 4 weeks), the rainy effect (RR = 0.285, 95%CI: 0.135-0.599, lag 4 weeks), and the rainless effect (RR = 0.552, 95%CI: 0.322-0.947, lag 4 weeks) reduced the risk of TB. Furthermore, in the CD4(+) T cells < 200 cells/µL subgroup, temperature, precipitation, and PM10 had a significant hysteretic effect on TB incidence, while temperature and precipitation had a significant cumulative lag effect. However, these effects were not observed in the CD4(+) T cells ≥ 200 cells/µL subgroup. CONCLUSION For PLWHA in subtropical Guangxi, temperature and precipitation had a significant cumulative effect on TB incidence among PLWHA, while air pollutants had little effect. Moreover, the influence of meteorological factors on the incidence of TB also depends on the immune status of PLWHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyi Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases in China (Guangxi)-ASEAN, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zongxiang Yuan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases in China (Guangxi)-ASEAN, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shanfang Qin
- Chest Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou, China
| | - Fengxiang Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases in China (Guangxi)-ASEAN, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Junhan Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases in China (Guangxi)-ASEAN, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chuye Mo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases in China (Guangxi)-ASEAN, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yiwen Kang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases in China (Guangxi)-ASEAN, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shihui Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases in China (Guangxi)-ASEAN, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Fang Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases in China (Guangxi)-ASEAN, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Junjun Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases in China (Guangxi)-ASEAN, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Aimei Liu
- Chest Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou, China.
| | - Hao Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases in China (Guangxi)-ASEAN, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Li Ye
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Joint Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases in China (Guangxi)-ASEAN, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Ezeigwe NM, Adinma ED, Okobia EL, Schwander S. Characterization and Quantification of Vehicular Emissions in Abuja Municipality-Implications for Public Health. Niger Med J 2024; 65:276-291. [PMID: 39022566 PMCID: PMC11249476 DOI: 10.60787/nmj-v65i3-383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Air pollution from vehicular emission and other sources accounts for over seven million global deaths annually and contributes significantly to environmental degradation, including climate change. Vehicular emission is not prioritized for control in Nigeria, thus undermining public health and the Sustainable Development Goals 3, 11 and 13. This study aims to characterize vehicular emissions in Abuja municipality and quantify exhaust air pollutants of commonly used vehicles. Methodology Cross-sectional exhaust emissions study of vehicles in Abuja Municipal Area Council. Information on the type and age, fuel type, purchase and use category of 543 vehicles on routine Annual Road Worthiness Test at the Computerized Test Center, Abuja. Exhaust levels of CO, CO2 HCHO and PM10 were measured using hand-held devices. IBM SPSS version 26.0.0.0 (2019) statistical software. Results Toyota brand comprised 52.5% of the vehicles. Over 80% were older than 10 years; 85.5% preowned and 87.3% used for private purposes. PMS was the dominant fuel used (91.1%). Except PM10, older vehicles emitted higher levels of the measured pollutants than newer ones. The differences were significant for CO and HCHO. Diesel-fueled and commercial vehicles also emitted higher levels of CO, HCHO and PM10 compared to PMS-fueled and private vehicles respectively. Conclusions Strong regulatory policies that discourage over-aged vehicles; speedy adoption of the ECOWAS guidelines on cleaner fuels and emission limits; and coordinated implementation of effective Inspection & Monitoring programme by relevant government agencies are required to safeguard public health and the environment. We also recommend the introduction of vehicles powered by alternative energy, use of bicycles, designation of one-way traffic and pedestrian zones. Key Message Reducing the threats to the public's health from vehicular air pollution in Abuja municipality requires strong policy and coordinated monitoring programs for effective control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nnenna M Ezeigwe
- Environment for Health Development Initiative (E4HDI), Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Echendu D Adinma
- Department of Community Medicine, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria
- Department of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
- Center for Sustainable Development, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Efegbidiki L Okobia
- Nigerian Environmental Society, Abuja, FCT-Nigeria
- Lympson Leosentino Ireland, Republic of Ireland
| | - Stephan Schwander
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health and Justice and Urban-Global Public Health, School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Division of Global Environmental Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Singer M. Is Pollution the Primary Driver of Infectious Syndemics? Pathogens 2024; 13:370. [PMID: 38787222 PMCID: PMC11124193 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13050370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Syndemics, the adverse interaction of two or more coterminous diseases or other negative health conditions, have probably existed since human settlement, plant and animal domestication, urbanization, and the growth of social inequality beginning about 10-12,000 years ago. These dramatic changes in human social evolution significantly increased opportunities for the spread of zoonotic infectious diseases in denser human communities with increased sanitation challenges. In light of a growing body of research that indicates that anthropogenic air pollution causes numerous threats to health and is taking a far greater toll on human life and wellbeing than had been reported, this paper proposes the possibility that air pollution is now the primary driver of infectious disease syndemics. In support of this assertion, this paper reviews the growth and health impacts of air pollution, the relationship of air pollution to the development and spread of infectious diseases, and reported cases of air pollution-driven infectious disease syndemics, and presents public health recommendations for leveraging the biosocial insight of syndemic theory in responding to infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merrill Singer
- Anthropology, Storrs Campus, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Song WM, Liu Y, Men D, Li SJ, Tao NN, Zhang QY, Liu SQ, An QQ, Zhu XH, Han QL, Zhang YZ, Li YY, Li CX, Liu Y, Yu CB, Li YF, Li HC. Associations of residential greenness exposure and ambient air pollutants with newly-diagnosed drug-resistant tuberculosis cases. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:27240-27258. [PMID: 38509309 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32913-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Growing evidence has found the health protective effects of greenness exposure on tuberculosis (TB) and the impact of ambient air pollutants on TB drug-resistance. However, it remains unclear whether residential greenness is also beneficial to reduce TB drug-resistance, and whether air pollution modify the greenness-TB resistance relationship. We enrolled 5006 newly-diagnosed TB patients from Shandong, China, during 2014 to 2021. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in 250 m and 500 m buffer around individuals' residential zone was used to assess greenness exposure. All patients were divided by quartiles of NDVI250-m and NDVI500-m (from low to high: Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4) respectively. Six logistic regression models (NDVI, NDVI + PM2.5/PM10/SO2/NO2/O3) were used to estimate the association of NDVI and TB drug-resistance when adjusting different air pollutants or not. All models were adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, complications, smoking, drinking, population density, nighttime light index, road density. Compared with participants in NDVI250-m Q1 and NDVI500-m Q1, other groups had lower rates of MDR-TB, PDR-TB, RFP-resistance, SM-resistance, RFP + SM resistance, INH + RFP + EMB + SM resistance. NDVI500-m reduced the risk of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and the adjusted odds ratio (aOR, 95% confidence interval, CI) compared with NDVI500-m Q1 were 0.736 (0.547-0.991) in NDVI + PM10 model, 0.733 (0.544-0.986) in NDVI + PM2.5 model, 0.735(0.546-0.99) in NDVI + SO2 model, 0.736 (0.546-0.991) in NDVI + NO2 model, respectively, P < 0.05. NDVI500-m contributed to a decreased risk of streptomycin (SM)-resistance. The aOR of rifampicin (RFP) + SM resistance were 0.132 (NDVI250-m, Q4 vs Q1, 95% CI: 0.03-0.578), 0.199 (NDVI500-m, Q3 vs. Q1, 95% CI: 0.057-0.688) and 0.264 (NDVI500-m, Q4 vs. Q1, 95% CI: 0.087-0.799). The adjusted ORs (Q2 vs. Q1, 95% CI) of isoniazid (INH) + RFP + ethambutol (EMB) + SM resistance in 500 m buffer were 0.276 (0.119-0.639) in NDVI model, 0.279 (0.11-0.705) in NDVI + PM10 model, 0.281 (0.111-0.713) in NDVI + PM2.5 model, 0.279 (0.11-0.709) in NDVI + SO2 model, 0.296 (0.117-0.754) in NDVI + NO2 model, 0.294 (0.116-0.748) in NDVI + O3 model, respectively. The study showed, for the first time, that residential greenness exposure in 500 m buffer is beneficial for reducing newly-diagnosed DR-TB (including PDR-RB, MDR-TB, MR-TB), and ambient air pollutants may partially mediate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Mei Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 200021, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Dan Men
- School of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Shi-Jin Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chengwu People's Hospital, Heze, 274299, Shandong, China
| | - Ning-Ning Tao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Qian-Yun Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 200021, China
| | - Si-Qi Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 200021, China
| | - Qi-Qi An
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 200021, China
| | - Xue-Han Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Qi-Lin Han
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Ying-Ying Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Xiao Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Bao Yu
- Katharine Hsu International Research Center of Human Infectious Diseases, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan, 250102, Shandong, China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong First Medical University Third Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China
| | - Huai-Chen Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China.
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Vasse GF, Melgert BN. Microplastic and plastic pollution: impact on respiratory disease and health. Eur Respir Rev 2024; 33:230226. [PMID: 39009408 PMCID: PMC11262622 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0226-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Throughout their lifecycle, from production to use and upon disposal, plastics release chemicals and particles known as micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) that can accumulate in the environment. MNPs have been detected in different locations of the human body, including in our lungs. This is likely a consequence of MNP exposure through the air we breathe. Yet, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the impact that MNP exposure may have on respiratory disease and health. In this review, we have collated the current body of evidence on the implications of MNP inhalation on human lung health from in vitro, in vivo and occupational exposure studies. We focused on interactions between MNP pollution and different specific lung-resident cells and respiratory diseases. We conclude that it is evident that MNPs possess the capacity to affect lung tissue in disease and health. Yet, it remains unclear to which extent this occurs upon exposure to ambient levels of MNPs, emphasising the need for a more comprehensive evaluation of environmental MNP exposure levels in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenda F Vasse
- Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbro N Melgert
- Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Norkaew S, Narikawa S, Nagashima U, Uemura R, Noda J. Efficacy of treating bacterial bioaerosols with weakly acidic hypochlorous water: A simulation chamber study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26574. [PMID: 38434335 PMCID: PMC10907660 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the dangers of airborne transmission and the risks of pathogen-containing small airborne droplet inhalation as an infection route. As a pathogen control, Weakly Acidic Hypochlorous Water (WAHW) is used for surface disinfection. However, there are limited assessments of air disinfection by WAHW against airborne pathogens like bioaerosols. This was an empirical study evaluating the disinfection efficacy of WAHW in an atmospheric simulation chamber system against four selected model bacteria. The strains tested included Staphylococcus aureus (SA), Escherichia coli (EC), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1). Each bacterial solution was nebulized into the chamber system as the initial step, and bioaerosol was collected into the liquid medium by a bio-sampler for colony forming units (CFU) determination. Secondly, the nebulized bacterial bioaerosol was exposed to nebulized double distilled water (DDW) as the control and nebulized 150 ppm of WAHW as the experimental groups. After the 3 and 30-min reaction periods, the aerosol mixture inside the chamber was sampled in liquid media and then cultured on agar plates with different dilution factors to determine the CFU. Survival rates were calculated by a pre-exposed CFU value as a reference point. The use of WAHW decreased bacterial survival rates to 1.65-30.15% compared to the DDW control. PAO1 showed the highest survival rates and stability at 3 min was higher than 30 min in all experiments. Statistical analysis indicated that bacteria survival rates were significantly reduced compared to the controls. This work verifies the bactericidal effects against Gram-positive/negative bioaerosols of WAHW treatment. As WAHW contains chlorine in the acid solution, residual chlorine air concentration is a concern and the disinfection effect at different concentrations also requires investigation. Future studies should identify optimal times to minimize the treated time range and require measurements in a real environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saowanee Norkaew
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Khlong Nueng, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12121, Thailand
- Research Unit in Occupational Ergonomics, Thammasat University, Khlong Nueng, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12121, Thailand
| | - Sumiyo Narikawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan
| | - Ukyo Nagashima
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan
| | - Ryoko Uemura
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, GakuenKibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Jun Noda
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, 069-8501, Japan
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Mahmoudzadeh H, Abedini A, Aram F, Mosavi A. Evaluating urban environmental quality using multi criteria decision making. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24921. [PMID: 38322859 PMCID: PMC10845730 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
In the urban environment, the quality refers to the capacity that provides and fulfills the material and spiritual needs of inhabitants. In order to improve the quality of urban life and standard of living for their citizens, planners and managers strive to raise Urban Environmental Quality. The objective of this study is to evaluate the quality of urban environment through the spatial analysis of a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) method utilizing CRITIC. This research is conducted in district 4 and district 2 of the Tabriz Metropolis Municipality. In order to determine the quality of an urban environment, air pollution, vegetation coverage, land surface temperature, production of waste, population density, noise pollution, health care per capita, green spaces per capita, recreational spaces per capita, and distance from fault lines are used. After evaluating and producing environmental quality maps in two separate districts, 10 indicators were tested for significance and a comparative evaluation of two districts was conducted in order to determine which district was in better condition based on a statistical analysis of the T-test results. In accordance with the CRITIC method, there are significant differences between averages of waste production, population density, noise pollution, distance from fault lines, Land Surface Temperature, Normalized difference vegetation index, and distance from fault lines between the two districts. It appears that recreational space, air pollution, health care per capita, and green space per capita are not meaningfully different on averages. The preparation of environmental quality maps reveals the importance of meaningful indicators at the neighborhood level in two urban districts. In both districts by strengthening the continuity of the landscape through the development of ecological corridors and an increase in per capita can contribute to the improvement of the quality of the urban environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Mahmoudzadeh
- Department of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Asghar Abedini
- Urban Planning Department, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Farshid Aram
- Urban Planning Department, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - A. Mosavi
- John von Neumann Faculty of Informatics, Budapest, Hungary
- Ludovika University of Public Service, Budapest, Hungary
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9
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Shupler M, Tawiah T, Nix E, Baame M, Lorenzetti F, Betang E, Chartier R, Mangeni J, Upadhya A, Anderson de Cuevas R, Sang E, Piedrahita R, Johnson M, Wilson D, Amenga-Etego S, Twumasi M, Ronzi S, Menya D, Puzzolo E, Quansah R, Asante KP, Pope D, Mbatchou Ngahane BH. Household concentrations and female and child exposures to air pollution in peri-urban sub-Saharan Africa: measurements from the CLEAN-Air(Africa) study. Lancet Planet Health 2024; 8:e95-e107. [PMID: 38331535 PMCID: PMC10864747 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relatively clean cooking fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) emit less fine particulate matter (PM2·5) and carbon monoxide (CO) than polluting fuels (eg, wood, charcoal). Yet, some clean cooking interventions have not achieved substantial exposure reductions. This study evaluates determinants of between-community variability in exposures to household air pollution (HAP) across sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS In this measurement study, we recruited households cooking primarily with LPG or exclusively with wood or charcoal in peri-urban Cameroon, Ghana, and Kenya from previously surveyed households. In 2019-20, we conducted monitoring of 24 h PM2·5 and CO kitchen concentrations (n=256) and female cook (n=248) and child (n=124) exposures. PM2·5 measurements used gravimetric and light scattering methods. Stove use monitoring and surveys on cooking characteristics and ambient air pollution exposure (eg, walking time to main road) were also administered. FINDINGS The mean PM2·5 kitchen concentration was five times higher among households cooking with charcoal than those using LPG in the Kenyan community (297 μg/m3, 95% CI 216-406, vs 61 μg/m3, 49-76), but only 4 μg/m3 higher in the Ghanaian community (56 μg/m3, 45-70, vs 52 μg/m3, 40-68). The mean CO kitchen concentration in charcoal-using households was double the WHO guideline (6·11 parts per million [ppm]) in the Kenyan community (15·81 ppm, 95% CI 8·71-28·72), but below the guideline in the Ghanaian setting (1·77 ppm, 1·04-2·99). In all communities, mean PM2·5 cook exposures only met the WHO interim-1 target (35 μg/m3) among LPG users staying indoors and living more than 10 min walk from a road. INTERPRETATION Community-level variation in the relative difference in HAP exposures between LPG and polluting cooking fuel users in peri-urban sub-Saharan Africa might be attributed to differences in ambient air pollution levels. Thus, mitigation of indoor and outdoor PM2·5 sources will probably be critical for obtaining significant exposure reductions in rapidly urbanising settings of sub-Saharan Africa. FUNDING UK National Institute for Health and Care Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Shupler
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | | | - Emily Nix
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Federico Lorenzetti
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | | | - Adithi Upadhya
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Edna Sang
- School of Public Health, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sara Ronzi
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Diana Menya
- School of Public Health, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Elisa Puzzolo
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Daniel Pope
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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10
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Wang X, Ding N, Harlow SD, Randolph JF, Gold EB, Derby C, Kravitz HM, Greendale G, Wu X, Ebisu K, Schwartz J, Park SK. Associations between exposure to air pollution and sex hormones during the menopausal transition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168317. [PMID: 37949144 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Menopause is a significant milestone in a woman's life, characterized by decreasing estradiol (E2) and increasing follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. Growing evidence suggests that air pollution may affect reproductive health and disrupt hormone profiles, yet the associations in women undergoing menopausal transition (MT) remains underexplored. We examined the associations between annual air pollutant exposures and repeated measures of E2 and FSH in 1365 women with known final menstrual period (FMP) date from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Air pollution was calculated as the annual averages of 24-h average PM2.5 levels, daily one-hour maximum NO2 levels, and daily 8-h maximum O3 levels. Linear mixed models with piece-wise linear splines were used to model non-linear trajectories of E2 and FSH in three distinct time periods: up to 2 years before the FMP (early MT), within 2 years before and 2 years after FMP (transmenopause), and >2 years post-FMP (postmenopause). In the transmenopausal period, an interquartile (5 μg/m3) increase in PM2.5 was associated with a significant decrease in E2 levels (-15.7 %, 95 % CI: -23.7, -6.8), and a 10 ppb increase in NO2 was associated with a significant decrease in E2 levels (-9.2 %, 95 % CI: -16.2, -1.7). A higher PM2.5 was also associated with an accelerated rate of decline in E2. Regarding FSH, a 10 ppb increase in NO2 was associated with decline in FSH levels (-11.7 %, 95 % CI: -21.8, -0.1) in the early MT and accelerated rates of decline in the postmenopause (-1.1 % per year, 95 % CI: -2.1, -0.1). Additionally, inverse associations between O3 and FSH were observed in the transmenopause and postmenopause. Our study suggests that increases in PM2.5, NO2, and O3 exposures are linked to significant declines in E2 and FSH levels across menopausal stages, suggesting the detrimental impact of air pollutants on women's reproductive hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Siobán D Harlow
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John F Randolph
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ellen B Gold
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carol Derby
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Howard M Kravitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gail Greendale
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiangmei Wu
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Keita Ebisu
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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11
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Chaudhary KR, Singh K, Singh C. Recent Updates in Inhalable Drug Delivery System against Various Pulmonary Diseases: Challenges and Future Perspectives. Curr Drug Deliv 2024; 21:1320-1345. [PMID: 37870055 DOI: 10.2174/0115672018265571231011093546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
In the current scenario, pulmonary disease has become a prime burden for morbidity and mortality alongside tremendous social and economic crises throughout the world. Numerous conventional drug delivery system and treatment approach targeting the respiratory region has been driven out. However, effective and accurate recovery has not been achieved yet. In this regard, nanotechnological- based inhalable drug delivery strategy including polymeric, lipidic, or metallic-based respirable microparticles plays an indispensable role in circumventing numerous challenges faced during traditional treatment. Excellent aerodynamic performance leads to enhanced lung targetability, reduced dosing frequency and hence systemic toxicities, as well as improved pharmaceutical attributes, and therefore pharmacokinetic profiles are interminable factors associated with nanotechnologicalbased inhalable delivery. In this review, we comprehensively explored recent advancements in nanotechnologically engineered inhalable formulations targeting each of the mentioned pulmonary diseases. Moreover, we systematically discussed possible respiratory or systemic toxicities about the indeterminate and undefined physicochemical characteristics of inhaled particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabi Raj Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T Road, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
- Department of Research and Development, United Biotech [P] Ltd. Bagbania, Nalagarh, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Karanvir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Charan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T Road, Moga, Punjab 142001, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences HNB Garhwal University, Madhi Chauras, Srinagar, Uttarakhand 246174, India
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12
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McGrath S, Mukherjee R, Réquia WJ, Lee WC. Wildfire exposure and academic performance in Brazil: A causal inference approach for spatiotemporal data. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167625. [PMID: 37804967 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
As the frequency and intensity of wildfires are projected to globally amplify due to climate change, there is a growing need to quantify the impact of exposure to wildfires in vulnerable populations such as adolescents. In our study, we applied rigorous causal inference methods to estimate the effect of wildfire exposure on the academic performance of high school students in Brazil between 2009 and 2015. Using longitudinal data from 8,183 high schools across 1,571 municipalities in Brazil, we estimated that the average performance in most academic subjects decreases under interventions that increase wildfire exposure, e.g., a decrease of 1.8 % (p = 0.01) in the natural sciences when increasing the wildfire density from 0.0035 wildfires/km2 (first quantile in the sample) to 0.0222 wildfires/km2 (third quartile). Furthermore, these effects considerably worsened over time. Our findings highlight the adverse impact of wildfires on educational outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean McGrath
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Rajarshi Mukherjee
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Weeberb J Réquia
- Center for Environment and Public Health Studies, School of Public Policy and Government, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Wan-Chen Lee
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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13
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Rafiq L, Zahra Naqvi SH, Shahzad L, Ali SM. Exploring the links between indoor air pollutants and health outcomes in South Asian countries: a systematic review. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 38:741-752. [PMID: 36302378 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2022-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Indoor air pollution (IAP) has adverse effects on the health of people, globally. The objective of this systematic review was to present the range of health problems studied in association with indoor air pollutants in South Asian countries. We searched five databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and CAB Direct for articles published between the years 2000 and 2020. We retrieved 5,810 articles, out of which we included 90 articles in our review. Among South Asian countries, only five countries have published results related to relationship between indoor air pollutants and adverse health conditions. All studies have shown adversity of indoor air pollutants on human's health. We found indoor solid fuel burning as a key source of indoor air pollution in the included studies, while women and children were most affected by their exposure to solid fuel burning. More than half of the studies accounted particulate matter responsible for indoor air pollution bearing negative health effects. In the included studies, eyes and lungs were the most commonly affected body organs, exhibiting common symptoms like cough, breathing difficulty and wheezing. This might have developed into common conditions like respiratory tract infection, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and eye cataract. In addition to promote research in South Asian countries, future research should focus on novel digital ways of capturing effects of indoor air pollutants among vulnerable segments of the population. As a result of this new knowledge, public health agencies should develop and test interventions to reduce people's exposure levels and prevent them to develop adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laiba Rafiq
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Hamayal Zahra Naqvi
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Laila Shahzad
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Mustafa Ali
- Center of Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Chou CH, Chen YF, Peng HC, Chen CY, Cheng BW. Environmental pollutants increase the risks of acute exacerbation in patients with chronic airway disease. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1215224. [PMID: 38026400 PMCID: PMC10643209 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1215224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Respiratory infections are a common cause of acute exacerbations in patients with chronic airway disease, however, environmental factors such as air pollution can also contribute to these exacerbations. The study aimed to determine the correlation between pollutant levels and exacerbation risks in areas exposed to environmental pollution sources. Methods From 2015 to 2016, a total of 788 patients with chronic airway diseases were enrolled in a study. Their medical records, including hospital visits due to acute exacerbations of varying severity were analyzed. Additionally, data on daily pollutant levels from the Air Quality Monitoring Network from 2014 to 2016 was also collected and analyzed. Results Patients with chronic airway disease and poor lung function (FEV1 < 50% or obstructive ventilatory defect) have a higher risk of severe acute exacerbations and are more likely to experience more than two severe acute exacerbations within a year. The study found that in areas exposed to environmental pollution sources, there is a significant correlation between NO2, O3, and humidity with the main causes of severe acute exacerbation. When the levels of NO2 were higher than 16.65 ppb, O3 higher than 35.65 ppb, or humidity higher than 76.95%, the risk of severe acute exacerbation in patients with chronic airway disease increased. Conclusion Acute exacerbations of chronic airway disease can be triggered by both the underlying disease state and the presence of air pollution. Computer simulations and early warning systems should be developed to predict acute exacerbations of chronic airway disease based on dynamic changes in air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hong Chou
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Fu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chueh Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Wen Cheng
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan
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15
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Kamani H, Baniasadi M, Abdipour H, Mohammadi L, Rayegannakhost S, Moein H, Azari A. Health risk assessment of BTEX compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene) in different indoor air using Monte Carlo simulation in zahedan city, Iran. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20294. [PMID: 37809514 PMCID: PMC10560053 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene compounds (BTEX) in the breathing air outside and inside buildings is one of the most significant problems related to human health today. This study was performed to determine the concentration of BTEX pollutants in indoor environments. PhoCheck was used to detect the concentration of BTEX compounds. In this study, the concentration (BTEX pollutant) was assessed in four indoor spaces, including restaurants, laundries, hair salons, and photocopying centers. The results showed that the average concentration of all four searched compounds was higher than the recommended limit of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The results of carcinogenic risk assessment by benzene and ethylbenzene compounds show 2153 × 10-4 and 913 × 10-5 respectively. The HQ values for toluene and xylene were 1.397 and 0.505, respectively, indicating that exposure to toluene alone may have adverse effects on human health, while exposure to xylene alone has no adverse effects. The hazard index (HI) for toluene and xylene pollutants was higher than one. An HI value higher than one means that the two contaminants toluene and xylene in the air we breathe may have adverse effects on human health. As a result, the necessary control measures should be taken to prevent the unfavorable effects of these two pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Kamani
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan,Iran
| | - Marzieh Baniasadi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan,Iran
| | - Hossein Abdipour
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Leili Mohammadi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan,Iran
| | | | - Hossein Moein
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan,Iran
| | - Ali Azari
- Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
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16
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Schoenweger P, Kirschneck M, Biersack K, Di Meo AF, Reindl-Spanner P, Prommegger B, Ditzen-Janotta C, Henningsen P, Krcmar H, Gensichen J, Jung-Sievers C. Community indicators for mental health in Europe: a scoping review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1188494. [PMID: 37538274 PMCID: PMC10396773 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1188494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Community indicators may predict and influence individuals` mental health, and support or impede mental health management. However, there is no consensus on which indicators should be included in predictions, prognostic algorithms, or management strategies for community-based mental health promotion and prevention approaches. Therefore, this scoping review provides an overview of relevant community-level indicators for mental health in the general as well as risk populations in a European context. Methods We conducted a scoping review in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, and PsycInfo. Eligible studies focused on context factors such as either the physical or social environment, reporting at least one mental health outcome and referring to a European population. Publications between 2012 and March 8, 2022 are considered. Results In total, the search yielded 12,200 identified records. After the removal of duplicates, 10,059 records were screened against the eligibility criteria. In total, 169 studies were included in the final analysis. Out of these included studies, 6% focused on pan-European datasets and 94% on a specific European country. Populations were either general or high-risk populations (56 vs. 44%, respectively) with depressive disorder as the main reported outcome (49%), followed by general mental health (33%) and anxiety (23%). Study designs were cross-sectional studies (59%), longitudinal (27%), and others (14%). The final set of indicators consisted of 53 indicators, which were grouped conceptually into 13 superordinate categories of community indicators. These were divided into the domains of the physical and social environment. The most commonly measured and reported categories of community indicators associated with mental health outcomes were social networks (n = 87), attitudinal factors toward vulnerable groups (n = 76), and the characteristics of the built environment (n = 56). Conclusion This review provides an evidence base of existing and novel community-level indicators that are associated with mental health. Community factors related to the physical and social environment should be routinely recorded and considered as influencing factors or potentially underestimated confounders. The relevance should be analyzed and included in clinical outcomes, data, monitoring and surveillance as they may reveal new trends and targets for public mental health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Schoenweger
- Institute of Medical Data Processing, Biometrics and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela Kirschneck
- Institute of Medical Data Processing, Biometrics and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Biersack
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Francesca Di Meo
- Institute of Medical Data Processing, Biometrics and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Reindl-Spanner
- TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Prommegger
- TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Ditzen-Janotta
- Institute of Medical Data Processing, Biometrics and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Henningsen
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Krcmar
- TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Gensichen
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline Jung-Sievers
- Institute of Medical Data Processing, Biometrics and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
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Memon TA, Sun L, Almestica-Roberts M, Deering-Rice CE, Moos PJ, Reilly CA. Inhibition of TRPA1, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Human Airway Epithelial Cell Damage, and Ectopic MUC5AC Expression by Vasaka ( Adhatoda vasica; Malabar Nut) Tea. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:890. [PMID: 37375837 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study tested whether a medicinal plant, Vasaka, typically consumed as a tea to treat respiratory malaise, could protect airway epithelial cells (AECs) from wood smoke particle-induced damage and prevent pathological mucus production. Wood/biomass smoke is a pneumotoxic air pollutant. Mucus normally protects the airways, but excessive production can obstruct airflow and cause respiratory distress. Vasaka tea pre- and co-treatment dose-dependently inhibited mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) mRNA induction by AECs treated with wood smoke particles. This correlated with transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) inhibition, an attenuation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and AEC damage/death. Induction of mRNA for anterior gradient 2, an ER chaperone/disulfide isomerase required for MUC5AC production, and TRP vanilloid-3, a gene that suppresses ER stress and wood smoke particle-induced cell death, was also attenuated. Variable inhibition of TRPA1, ER stress, and MUC5AC mRNA induction was observed using selected chemicals identified in Vasaka tea including vasicine, vasicinone, apigenin, vitexin, isovitexin, isoorientin, 9-oxoODE, and 9,10-EpOME. Apigenin and 9,10-EpOME were the most cytoprotective and mucosuppressive. Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) mRNA was also induced by Vasaka tea and wood smoke particles. Inhibition of CYP1A1 enhanced ER stress and MUC5AC mRNA expression, suggesting a possible role in producing protective oxylipins in stressed cells. The results provide mechanistic insights and support for the purported benefits of Vasaka tea in treating lung inflammatory conditions, raising the possibility of further development as a preventative and/or restorative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosifa A Memon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Lili Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Marysol Almestica-Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Cassandra E Deering-Rice
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Center for Human Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Philip J Moos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Christopher A Reilly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Center for Human Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Amadu I, Seidu AA, Mohammed A, Duku E, Miyittah MK, Ameyaw EK, Hagan JE, Musah MH, Ahinkorah BO. Assessing the combined effect of household cooking fuel and urbanicity on acute respiratory symptoms among under-five years in sub-Saharan Africa. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16546. [PMID: 37346351 PMCID: PMC10279788 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study sought to investigate the association between urbanicity (rural-urban residency), the use of solid biomass cooking fuels and the risk of Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) among children under the age of 5 in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods Cross-sectional data from the most recent surveys of the Demographic and Health Survey Program conducted in 31 sub-Saharan African countries were pooled for the analysis. The outcome variables, cough and rapid short breath were derived from questions that asked mothers if their children under the age of 5 suffered from cough and short rapid breath in the past two weeks preceding the survey. To examine the associations, multivariable negative log-log regression models were fitted for each outcome variable. Results Higher odds ratios of cough occurred among children in urban households that use unclean cooking fuel (aOR = 1.05 95% CI = 1.01, 1.08). However, lower odds ratios were observed for rural children in homes that use clean cooking fuel (aOR = 0.93 95% CI = 0.87, 0.99) relative to children in urban homes using clean cooking fuel. We also found higher odds ratios of short rapid breaths among children in rural households that use unclean cooking fuel compared with urban residents using clean cooking fuel (aOR = 1.12 95% CI = 1.08, 1.17). Conclusion Urbanicity and the use of solid biomass fuel for cooking were associated with an increased risk of symptoms of ARIs among children under five years in SSA. Thus, policymakers and stakeholders need to design and implement strategies that minimize children's exposure to pollutants from solid biomass cooking fuel. Such interventions could reduce the burden of respiratory illnesses in SSA and contribute to the realization of Sustainable Development Goal 3.9, which aims at reducing the number of diseases and deaths attributable to hazardous chemicals and pollution of air, water and soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iddrisu Amadu
- Africa Centre of Excellence in Coastal Resilience (ACECoR)-Centre for Coastal Management, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
- Emperiks Research, NT0085, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- Centre for Gender and Advocacy, Takoradi Technical University, Takoradi, Box 256, Ghana
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aliu Mohammed
- Department of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Eric Duku
- Africa Centre of Excellence in Coastal Resilience (ACECoR)-Centre for Coastal Management, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
- Hen Mpoano (Our Coast), Takoradi P.O. Box AX 296, Ghana
| | - Michael K. Miyittah
- Africa Centre of Excellence in Coastal Resilience (ACECoR)-Centre for Coastal Management, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Edward Kwabena Ameyaw
- Institute of Policy Studies and School of Graduate Studies, Lingnan University, Hong Kong
| | - John Elvis Hagan
- Department of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Neurocognition and Action-Biomechanics-Research Group, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mohammed Hafiz Musah
- Department of Health Information Management, Tamale Teaching Hospital, Tamale, Ghana
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Zhu X, Zhang Q, Du X, Jiang Y, Niu Y, Wei Y, Zhang Y, Chillrud SN, Liang D, Li H, Chen R, Kan H, Cai J. Respiratory Effects of Traffic-Related Air Pollution: A Randomized, Crossover Analysis of Lung Function, Airway Metabolome, and Biomarkers of Airway Injury. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:57002. [PMID: 37141245 PMCID: PMC10159268 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) has been associated with increased risks of respiratory diseases, but the biological mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to evaluate the respiratory responses and explore potential biological mechanisms of TRAP exposure in a randomized crossover trial. METHODS We conducted a randomized crossover trial in 56 healthy adults. Each participant was exposed to high- and low-TRAP exposure sessions by walking in a park and down a road with high traffic volume for 4 h in random order. Respiratory symptoms and lung function, including forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV 1 ), forced vital capacity (FVC), the ratio of FEV 1 to FVC, and maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), were measured before and after each exposure session. Markers of 8-isoprostane, tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ), and ezrin in exhaled breath condensate (EBC), and surfactant proteins D (SP-D) in serum were also measured. We used linear mixed-effects models to estimate the associations, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, meteorological condition, and batch (only for biomarkers). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to profile the EBC metabolome. Untargeted metabolome-wide association study (MWAS) analysis and pathway enrichment analysis using mummichog were performed to identify critical metabolomic features and pathways associated with TRAP exposure. RESULTS Participants had two to three times higher exposure to traffic-related air pollutants except for fine particulate matter while walking along the road compared with in the park. Compared with the low-TRAP exposure at the park, high-TRAP exposure at the road was associated with a higher score of respiratory symptoms [2.615 (95% CI: 0.605, 4.626), p = 1.2 × 10 - 2 ] and relatively lower lung function indicators [- 0.075 L (95% CI: - 0.138 , - 0.012 ), p = 2.1 × 10 - 2 ] for FEV 1 and - 0.190 L / s (95% CI: - 0.351 , - 0.029 ; p = 2.4 × 10 - 2 ) for MMEF]. Exposure to TRAP was significantly associated with changes in some, but not all, biomarkers, particularly with a 0.494 -ng / mL (95% CI: 0.297, 0.691; p = 9.5 × 10 - 6 ) increase for serum SP-D and a 0.123 -ng / mL (95% CI: - 0.208 , - 0.037 ; p = 7.2 × 10 - 3 ) decrease for EBC ezrin. Untargeted MWAS analysis revealed that elevated TRAP exposure was significantly associated with perturbations in 23 and 32 metabolic pathways under positive- and negative-ion modes, respectively. These pathways were most related to inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and energy use metabolism. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that TRAP exposure might lead to lung function impairment and respiratory symptoms. Possible underlying mechanisms include lung epithelial injury, inflammation, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism disorders. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11139.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Zhu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and National Health Commission Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingli Zhang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and National Health Commission Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xihao Du
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and National Health Commission Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixuan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and National Health Commission Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Niu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and National Health Commission Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology for Medicine, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Steven N. Chillrud
- Division of Geochemistry, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
| | - Donghai Liang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Huichu Li
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and National Health Commission Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and National Health Commission Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Children’s Health, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Cai
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and National Health Commission Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Wang XQ, Zhang KD, Yu WJ, Zhao JW, Huang K, Hu CY, Zhang XJ, Kan XH. Associations of exposures to air pollution and greenness with mortality in a newly treated tuberculosis cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:34229-34242. [PMID: 36504301 PMCID: PMC9742034 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24433-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Some previous studies had linked air pollutants and greenness to the risk of death from tuberculosis (TB). Only a few studies had examined the effect of particulate matter (PM2.5) on the mortality of TB, and few studies had assessed the impact and interaction of multiple air pollutants and greenness on the mortality of newly treated TB patients. The study included 29,519 newly treated TB patients from three cities in Anhui province. We collected meteorological data and five pollutants data from The National Meteorological Science Center and air quality monitoring stations. Greenness data were generated by remote sensing inversion of medium-resolution satellite images. We geocoded each patient based on the residential address to calculate the average exposure to air pollutants and the average greenness exposure for each patient during treatment. The Cox proportional risk regression model was used to evaluate the effects of air pollutants and greenness on mortality in newly treated tuberculosis patients. Our results found that the higher the concentration of air pollutants in the living environment of newly treated TB patients, the greater the risk of death: HR 1.135 (95% CI: 1.123-1.147) and HR 1.333 (95% CI: 1.296-1.370) per 10 μg/m3 of PM2.5 and SO2, respectively. Greenness reduced the mortality among newly treated TB patients: HR for NDVI exposure 0.936 (95% CI: 0.925-0.947), HR for NDVI_250m exposure 0.927 (95% CI: 0.916-0.938), and HR for NDVI_500m exposure 0.919 (95% CI: 0.908-0.931). Stratifying the cohort by median greenness exposure, HRs for air pollutants were lower in the high greenness exposure group. Mortality in newly treated TB patients is influenced by air pollutants and greenness. Higher green exposure can mitigate the effects of air pollution. Improving air quality may help reduce mortality among newly treated TB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Qiang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Kang-Di Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Wen-Jie Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jia-Wen Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Kai Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Cheng-Yang Hu
- Department of Humanistic Medicine, School of Humanistic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiu-Jun Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Kan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China.
- Clinical College of Chest, Anhui Chest Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 397 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230022, China.
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21
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Kumar R, Mrigpuri P, Sarin R, Saini JK, Yadav R, Nagori A, Kabra SK, Mukherjee A, Yadav G. Air pollution and its effects on emergency room visits in tertiary respiratory care centers in Delhi, India. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2023; 94. [PMID: 36843510 DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2023.2511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution has harmful effects on human health, particularly the respiratory system. We aimed to study the impact of daily ambient air pollution on daily emergency room visits for acute respiratory symptoms. This study was conducted in two tertiary respiratory care centres in Delhi, India. Daily counts of emergency room visits were collected. All patients attending the emergency room were screened for acute onset (less than 2 weeks) of respiratory symptoms and were recruited if they were staying in Delhi continuously for at least 4 weeks and having onset (≤2 weeks) of respiratory symptoms. Daily average air pollution data for the study period was obtained from four continuous ambient air quality monitoring stations. A total of 61,285 patients were screened and 11,424 were enrolled from June 2017 to February 2019. Cough and difficulty in breathing were most common respiratory symptoms. Poor air quality was observed during the months of October to December. Emergency room visits with acute respiratory symptoms significantly increased per standard deviation increase in PM10 from lag days 2-7. Increase in wheezing was primarily seen with increase in NO2. Pollutant levels have effect on acute respiratory symptoms and thus influence emergency room visits. *************************************************************** *Appendix Authors list Kamal Singhal,1 Kana Ram Jat,2 Karan Madan,3 Mohan P. George,4 Kalaivani Mani,5 Randeep Guleria,3 Ravindra Mohan Pandey,5 Rupinder Singh Dhaliwal,6 Rakesh Lodha,2 Varinder Singh1 1Department of Paediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College and associated Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India 2Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India 3Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Critical Care and Sleep Disorders, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India 4Department of Environment, Delhi Pollution Control Committee, Kashmere Gate, New Delhi, India 5Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India 6Department of Non-communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, New Delhi.
| | - Parul Mrigpuri
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, New Delhi.
| | - Rohit Sarin
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, New Delhi.
| | - Jitendra Kumar Saini
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, New Delhi.
| | - Rashmi Yadav
- Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
| | | | - Sushil Kumar Kabra
- Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
| | - Arpana Mukherjee
- Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
| | - Geetika Yadav
- Department of Non-communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi.
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22
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Wang W, Hafeez M, Jiang H, Ahmad W, Badar H, Salahodjaev R. Environmental factors and its influence on human health in BRICS: implications for human development. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:22509-22519. [PMID: 36301398 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BRICS economies are facing severe environmental issues that exert a detrimental impact on human health. The analysis intends to examine the impact of CO2 emissions, environmental policy stringency, and environmental innovations on health outcomes for the BRICS economies. The long-run results of the ARDL-PMG infer that CO2 has a significant negative in the life expectancy model while it has a significant positive in the death rate model. These findings imply that the rise in CO2 emissions reduces life expectancy and increases the death rate in BRICS economies. On the other side, the estimates of environmental innovation and environmental policy stringency are positively significant in the life expectancy model; however, in the death rate model, the estimate of environmental innovation is insignificant, and environmental policy stringency is negatively significant in the death rate model. In a nutshell, the findings imply that CO2 emissions exacerbate health problems, environmental innovations, and environmental policy stringency, improving the health status of the people. Our findings suggest that the BRICS economies should revisit their environmental policies for the betterment of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Wang
- Department of Public Administration, Law School, Shantou University, 243 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Local Government Development, Shantou, 515063, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Hafeez
- Institute of Business Management Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Public Administration, Law School, Shantou University, 243 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Local Government Development, Shantou, 515063, People's Republic of China.
| | - Waseem Ahmad
- Institute of Business Management Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Badar
- Institute of Business Management Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Raufhon Salahodjaev
- Department of Mathematical Methods in Economics, Tashkent State University of Economics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
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23
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Yang W, Johnson MB, Liao H, Liu Z, Zheng X, Lu C. Combined effect of preconceptional and prenatal exposure to air pollution and temperature on childhood pneumonia: A case-control study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114806. [PMID: 36375503 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence have linked ambient air pollution and temperature with childhood pneumonia, but it is unclear whether there is an interaction between air pollution and temperature on childhood pneumonia. We aim to assess the combined effect of ambient air pollution and temperature exposure during preconception and pregnancy on pneumonia by a case-control study of 1510 children aged 0-14 years in Changsha, China. We obtained the data of childhood pneumonia from XiangYa Hospital electrical records. We estimated personal exposure to outdoor air pollution (PM10, SO2 and NO2) by inverse distance weighted (IDW) method and temperature indicators. Multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations of childhood pneumonia with air pollution, temperature (T), and diurnal temperature variation (DTV). We found that exposure to industry-related air pollution (PM10 and SO2) during preconception and pregnancy were associated with childhood pneumonia, with ORs (95% CI) of 1.72 (1.48-1.98) and 2.96 (2.50-3.51) during 1 year before pregnancy and 1.83 (1.59-2.11) and 3.43 (2.83-4.17) in pregnancy. Childhood pneumonia was negatively associated with T exposure during 1 year before pregnancy and pregnancy, with ORs (95% CI) of 0.57 (0.41-0.80) and 0.85 (0.74-0.98). DTV exposure during pregnancy especially during the 1st and 2nd trimesters significantly increased pneumonia risk, with ORS (95% CI) of 1.77 (1.19-2.64), 1.47 (1.18-1.83), and 1.37 (1.07-1.76) respectively. We further observed interactions of PM10 and SO2 exposure with low T and high DTV during conception and pregnancy in relation to childhood pneumonia. This study suggests that there were interactions air pollution with temperature and DTV on pneumonia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Yang
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | | | - Hongsen Liao
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Zijing Liu
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Xiangrong Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chan Lu
- XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
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Elbayoumi M, Albelbeisi AH. Biomass use and its health effects among the vulnerable and marginalized refugee families in the Gaza Strip. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1129985. [PMID: 37089471 PMCID: PMC10117936 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1129985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Biomass fuel remains the most common type of fuel used in many developing countries, leading to indoor air pollution and serious health impacts. Objective The objective of this study was to compile evidence on the impact household fuel combustion has on child and adult health, with an emphasis on solid fuel use in Gaza. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 110 structured self-administered questionnaires were distributed in April 2019 among families living in the Al-Maghazi refugee camp. Results Participants reported that the main fuel used were wood, coal, cardboard, and a mix of wood, cardboard, and plastic, which were used for cooking, heating, baking, boiling water, and lighting. The most common symptoms were nasal irritation (71.8%), followed by headache (66.4%) and dizziness (65.4%). The results of logistic regression showed that the participants who used wood fuel had a higher chance of feeling eye irritation than those who used a mix of wood, cardboard, and dried grass (OR = 1.316; 95% CI = 1.54-8.99). The participants who opened windows during the burning process of biomass fuel were five times more likely to develop pneumonia than those who closed windows (OR = 5.53; 95%CI = 11.60-19.0). Conclusion there is an urgent need for community awareness campaigns designed to inform people about the risks of exposure to biomass fuel smoke and how to better implement household ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher Elbayoumi
- Energy and Sustainable Environment Center, School of Engineering, Israa University, Gaza Strip, Palestine
- *Correspondence: Maher Elbayoumi,
| | - Ahmed Hassan Albelbeisi
- Medical Services Directorate, Gaza Strip, Palestine
- College of Health Professions, Israa University, Gaza Strip, Palestine
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25
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Wei Q, Shang Q, Bu Q. Consequences of living environment insecurity on health and well-being in southwest China: The role of community cohesion and social support. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e6414-e6427. [PMID: 36269061 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.14084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Growing populations in developing countries have exacerbated inequality in the spatial distribution of living environments. As a result, whether living environment factors matter to health and well-being is increasingly attracting policy and scholarly attention. Yet, crucial knowledge gaps remain regarding the implications, consequences and mechanisms of one's living environment on health and well-being in developing countries. This study examined the association between living environment and psychological distress, self-rated health and satisfaction with life among Chinese adults. Furthermore, it also explored the moderating role of community cohesion and the mediating role of social support on these factors. Using probability proportionate to size sampling methods, 3765 respondents and 148 community organisers were recruited from 160 communities in Yunnan, China, in 2018. Ordinary least squares regression and structural equation modelling were conducted. The findings indicate that residents who lived in communities with higher levels of environment insecurity had lower levels of subjective health and well-being (psychological distress: β = 1.088, p < 0.001; self-rated health: β = -0.104, p < 0.01; satisfaction with life: β = -0.164, p < 0.001). Moreover, community cohesion played a moderating role in the relationship between living environment insecurity and self-rated health (β = 0.212, p < 0.05) and satisfaction with life (β = 0.183, p < 0.05); however, it had no significant effects on psychological distress. Furthermore, the moderated effects of community cohesion on living environment insecurity were mediated through perceived social support for self-rated health (proportion of total effect mediated = 11%) and satisfaction with life (proportion of total effect mediated = 29%). The present findings have implications for policy makers and community committees who can work towards social inequality in developing countries. The integrated programmes of improving living conditions and strengthening community capacity are crucial to residents' health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingong Wei
- National Academy of Development and Strategy, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoqiong Shang
- School of Sociology and Population Studies, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Qingping Bu
- Department of Sociology, Wuhan University of Technology, Hubei, China
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26
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Li C, Yan Y, Lu Y, Zeng G, Zhou L, Jin H, Xu Y, Chen Y. Air pollution, investor sentiment and stock liquidity. Front Public Health 2022; 10:989457. [PMID: 36276384 PMCID: PMC9584628 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.989457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
With the aggravation of air pollution, the impact of air pollution on the stock market, especially from the perspective of investor sentiment, has been of great concern and widely discussed. Based on data from China's A-share listed firms from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020, the relationship between urban air pollution and stock liquidity of listed firms and the internal mechanism is examined. Firstly, based on local preference theory, we start by predicting the impact of air pollution on stock liquidity. We, then, build a regression model for air pollution and stock liquidity, introducing the intermediary effect model to detect the relationship between the two and its mechanism. Finally, by subdividing the samples, we discuss the differential impact of air pollution on stock liquidity under different circumstances. We found that when air pollution worsens it reduces stock liquidity. The results of the mechanism analysis show that investor sentiment plays an intermediary role in the process of air pollution affecting stock liquidity, and pessimism induced by air pollution can reduce stock liquidity. Heterogeneity test results show that there are differences in the impact of air pollution on stock liquidity between heavily polluting firms and non-heavily polluting firms, different industries, different city sizes, and different levels of air pollution, has a greater effect in non-heavily polluting enterprises, manufacturing and other industries, medium sized cities and light pollution. The results of this research have important reference value for environmental protection departments to establish and improve air pollution monitoring systems and for listed firms to improve stock liquidity and deal with the environmental financial risks appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Li
- School of Big Data Application and Economics, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, China,Green Development Strategy Research Institute in Western China, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics (First Batch of New Characteristic Think Tanks in Guizhou), Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Yan
- School of Big Data Application and Economics, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guifeng Zeng
- Archives of Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, China,*Correspondence: Guifeng Zeng
| | - Liying Zhou
- Business School, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, China,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Big Data Statistical Analysis, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, China
| | - Han Jin
- School of Big Data Application and Economics, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, China
| | - Yunbao Xu
- School of Economics, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, China
| | - Yuzhu Chen
- School of Foreign Languages, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, China
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Guo C, Yu T, Lin C, Chang LY, Bo Y, Wong MCS, Tam T, Lau AKH, Lao XQ. Habitual Exercise, Air Pollution, and Pneumonia Mortality: A Longitudinal Cohort Study of Approximately 0.4 Million Adults. Am J Epidemiol 2022; 191:1732-1741. [PMID: 35773998 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwac113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to examine the combined associations of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and habitual exercise with pneumonia mortality. We included 384,130 persons aged ≥18 years from Taiwan, Republic of China, during 2001-2016. We followed participants until May 31, 2019, to obtain information on vital status. A time-dependent Cox regression model was used for statistical analysis. We found that risks of pneumonia mortality were reduced by 55% (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.36, 0.55) and 36% (HR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.80) in participants who engaged in high and moderate levels of exercise, respectively, as compared with inactive persons. By contrast, each 10-μg/m3 increase in chronic PM2.5 exposure was associated with a 30% (HR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.45) higher risk of pneumonia mortality. Risk of pneumonia death was 72% lower (HR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.41) for persons with a high exercise level and a low PM2.5 level. Lower risk of pneumonia mortality was associated with both higher exercise and lower PM2.5 air pollution levels. For adults exposed to different levels of PM2.5, exercise benefits remained. Our findings suggest that engaging in exercise is a safe and effective strategy for alleviating the burden of pneumonia mortality, even for people who reside in a moderately polluted area.
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Cosemans C, Wang C, Alfano R, Martens DS, Sleurs H, Dockx Y, Vanbrabant K, Janssen BG, Vanpoucke C, Lefebvre W, Smeets K, Nawrot TS, Plusquin M. In utero particulate matter exposure in association with newborn mitochondrial ND4L 10550A>G heteroplasmy and its role in overweight during early childhood. Environ Health 2022; 21:88. [PMID: 36117180 PMCID: PMC9484069 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00899-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria play an important role in the energy metabolism and are susceptible to environmental pollution. Prenatal air pollution exposure has been linked with childhood obesity. Placental mtDNA mutations have been associated with prenatal particulate matter exposure and MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy has been associated with BMI in adults. Therefore, we hypothesized that in utero PM2.5 exposure is associated with cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy and early life growth. In addition, the role of cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy in overweight during early childhood is investigated. METHODS This study included 386 mother-newborn pairs. Outdoor PM2.5 concentrations were determined at the maternal residential address. Cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy was determined using Droplet Digital PCR. Associations were explored using logistic regression models and distributed lag linear models. Mediation analysis was performed to quantify the effects of prenatal PM2.5 exposure on childhood overweight mediated by cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy. RESULTS Prenatal PM2.5 exposure was positively associated with childhood overweight during the whole pregnancy (OR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.20 to 4.51; p = 0.01), which was mainly driven by the second trimester. In addition, prenatal PM2.5 exposure was associated with cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy from gestational week 9 - 13. The largest effect was observed in week 10, where a 5 µg/m3 increment in PM2.5 was linked with cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy (OR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.87 to 0.99). Cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy was also linked with childhood overweight (OR = 3.04; 95% CI: 1.15 to 7.50; p = 0.02). The effect of prenatal PM2.5 exposure on childhood overweight was mainly direct (total effect OR = 1.18; 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.36; natural direct effect OR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.36)) and was not mediated by cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy. CONCLUSIONS Cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy was linked with childhood overweight. In addition, in utero exposure to PM2.5 during the first trimester of pregnancy was associated with cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy in newborns. Our analysis did not reveal any mediation of cord blood MT-ND4L10550A>G heteroplasmy in the association between PM2.5 exposure and childhood overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Cosemans
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Congrong Wang
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Rossella Alfano
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Dries S Martens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Hanne Sleurs
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Yinthe Dockx
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Kenneth Vanbrabant
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Bram G Janssen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | - Wouter Lefebvre
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research, VITO, Mol, Belgium
| | - Karen Smeets
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tim S Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- School of Public Health, Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
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Li FR, Wu KY, Fan WD, Chen GC, Tian H, Wu XB. Long-term exposure to air pollution and risk of incident inflammatory bowel disease among middle and old aged adults. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113835. [PMID: 35816845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence regarding the associations between long-term exposure to air pollution and risk of incident inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is scant. OBJECTIVES We examined the associations of various specific air pollutants with the risk of incident ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, two subtypes of IBD, among middle and old aged adults in the UK. We also explored potential susceptible subgroups. METHODS We used data from the UK Biobank study. Information on air pollution, including PM2.5, PM2.5-10, PM10 as well as NO2 and NOx were estimated using the Land Use Regression model. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS After a median follow-up of 11.7 years, 1872 incident ulcerative colitis and 865 incident Crohn's disease cases were identified among 455,210 IBD-free participants. HRs (95% CIs) of ulcerative colitis associated with each 1 interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5, PM2.5-10, PM10, NO2, and NOx were 1.06 (1.01, 1.12), 1.03 (0.99, 1.08), 1.09 (1.03, 1.16), 1.12 (1.07, 1.19), and 1.07 (1.02, 1.12), respectively. The associations between all the air pollutants and risk of Crohn's disease were null. Smoking status and sex appeared to respectively modify the associations between some air pollutants and risk of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. CONCLUSION Long-term exposure to various air pollutants was associated with the risk of incident ulcerative colitis but not Crohn's disease, highlighting the importance of developing environmental health strategy to reduce the burden of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Rong Li
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke-Yi Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Dong Fan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Chong Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Haili Tian
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xian-Bo Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Álvaro-Meca A, Goez MDC, Resino R, Matías V, Sepúlveda-Crespo D, Martínez I, Resino S. Environmental factors linked to hospital admissions in young children due to acute viral lower respiratory infections: A bidirectional case-crossover study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113319. [PMID: 35447151 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the association of the short-term exposure to environmental factors (relative humidity, temperature, NO2, SO2, O3, PM10, and CO) with hospital admissions due to acute viral lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in children under two years before the COVID-19 era. METHODS We performed a bidirectional case-crossover study in 30,445 children with ALRI under two years of age in the Spanish Minimum Basic Data Set (MBDS) from 2013 to 2015. Environmental data were obtained from Spain's State Meteorological Agency (AEMET). The association was assessed by conditional logistic regression. RESULTS Lower temperature one week before the day of the event (hospital admission) (q-value = 0.012) and higher relative humidity one week (q-value = 0.003) and two weeks (q-value<0.001) before the day of the event were related to a higher odds of hospital admissions. Higher NO2 levels two weeks before the event were associated with hospital admissions (q-value<0.001). Moreover, higher concentrations on the day of the event for SO2 (compared to lag time of 1-week (q-value = 0.026) and 2-weeks (q-value<0.001)), O3 (compared to lag time of 3-days (q-value<0.001), 1-week (q-value<0.001), and 2-weeks (q-value<0.001)), and PM10 (compared to lag time of 2-weeks (q-value<0.001)) were related to an increased odds of hospital admissions for viral ALRI. CONCLUSION Short-term exposure to environmental factors (climatic conditions and ambient air contaminants) was linked to a higher likelihood of hospital admissions due to ALRI. Our findings emphasize the importance of monitoring environmental factors to assess the odds of ALRI hospital admissions and plan public health resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Álvaro-Meca
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rosa Resino
- Departamento de Geografía Humana, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Matías
- Servicio de Pedíatría, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Daniel Sepúlveda-Crespo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid. Spain
| | - Isidoro Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid. Spain
| | - Salvador Resino
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid. Spain.
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Islam MS, Fang T, Oldfield C, Larpruenrudee P, Beni HM, Rahman MM, Husain S, Gu Y. Heat Wave and Bushfire Meteorology in New South Wales, Australia: Air Quality and Health Impacts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10388. [PMID: 36012020 PMCID: PMC9407765 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The depletion of air quality is a major problem that is faced around the globe. In Australia, the pollutants emitted by bushfires play an important role in making the air polluted. These pollutants in the air result in many adverse impacts on the environment. This paper analysed the air pollution from the bushfires from November 2019 to July 2020 and identified how it affects the human respiratory system. The bush fires burnt over 13 million hectares, destroying over 2400 buildings. While these immediate effects were devastating, the long-term effects were just as devastating, with air pollution causing thousands of people to be admitted to hospitals and emergency departments because of respiratory complications. The pollutant that caused most of the health effects throughout Australia was Particulate Matter (PM) PM2.5 and PM10. Data collection and analysis were covered in this paper to illustrate where and when PM2.5 and PM10, and other pollutants were at their most concerning levels. Susceptible areas were identified by analysing environmental factors such as temperature and wind speed. The study identified how these pollutants in the air vary from region to region in the same time interval. This study also focused on how these pollutant distributions vary according to the temperature, which helps to determine the relationship between the heatwave and air quality. A computational model for PM2.5 aerosol transport to the realistic airways was also developed to understand the bushfire exhaust aerosol transport and deposition in airways. This study would improve the knowledge of the heat wave and bushfire meteorology and corresponding respiratory health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S. Islam
- School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Tianxin Fang
- School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Callum Oldfield
- School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Puchanee Larpruenrudee
- School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Hamidreza Mortazavy Beni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan 6134937333, Iran
| | - Md. M. Rahman
- School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Shahid Husain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Zakir Husain College of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202001, India
| | - Yuantong Gu
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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Alexis NE, Zhou LY, Burbank AJ, Almond M, Hernandez ML, Mills KH, Noah TL, Wells H, Zhou H, Peden DB. Development of a screening protocol to identify persons who are responsive to wood smoke particle-induced airway inflammation with pilot assessment of GSTM1 genotype and asthma status as response modifiers. Inhal Toxicol 2022; 34:329-339. [PMID: 35968917 PMCID: PMC10519374 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2022.2110334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We are currently screening human volunteers to determine their sputum polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) response 6- and 24-hours following initiation of exposure to wood smoke particles (WSP). Inflammatory responders (≥10% increase in %PMN) are identified for their subsequent participation in mitigation studies against WSP-induced airways inflammation. In this report we compared responder status (<i>N</i> = 52) at both 6 and 24 hr time points to refine/expand its classification, assessed the impact of the GSTM1 genotype, asthma status and sex on responder status, and explored whether sputum soluble phase markers of inflammation correlate with PMN responsiveness to WSP. RESULTS Six-hour responders tended to be 24-hour responders and vice versa, but 24-hour responders also had significantly increased IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8 at 24 hours post WSP exposure. The GSTM1 null genotype significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) enhanced the %PMN response by 24% in the 24-hour responders and not at all in the 6 hours responders. Asthma status enhanced the 24 hour %PMN response in the 6- and 24-hour responders. In the entire cohort (not stratified by responder status), we found a significant, but very small decrease in FVC and systolic blood pressure immediately following WSP exposure and sputum %PMNs were significantly increased and associated with sputum inflammatory markers (IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and PMN/mg) at 24 but not 6 hours post exposure. Blood endpoints in the entire cohort showed a significant increase in %PMN and PMN/mg at 6 but not 24 hours. Sex had no effect on %PMN response. CONCLUSIONS The 24-hour time point was more informative than the 6-hour time point in optimally and expansively defining airway inflammatory responsiveness to WSP exposure. GSTM1 and asthma status are significant effect modifiers of this response. These study design and subject parameters should be considered before enrolling volunteers for proof-of-concept WSP mitigation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil E Alexis
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura Y Zhou
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Allison J Burbank
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martha Almond
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michelle L Hernandez
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katherine H Mills
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Terry L Noah
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Heather Wells
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David B Peden
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Chowdhury M, Ghosh S, Padhy PK. Effects of indoor air pollution on tribal community in rural India and health risk assessment due to domestic biomass burning: a realistic approach using the lung deposition model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:59606-59618. [PMID: 35391641 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19973-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Indoor air pollution from the combustion of biomass fuel and associated health risks is a critical issue in developing countries. Concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 are measured in Birbhum, West Bengal, during 2017-2018. PM2.5-bound elemental concentrations of twelve metals are determined in rural kitchens. The results showed higher toxicological risks in BMF (1.15) than the LPG users (0.14). The risk of non-carcinogenic exposure related with dermal contact and ingestion was observed in the acceptable limits (HQ < 1) for all age groups, and the risk associated with inhalation exposure from Cr, Ni, As, and Mn exceeded the acceptable limit. Results also suggest that carcinogenic risks from ingestion and dermal contact are within the acceptable limit (1 × 10-4-1 × 10-6) except Cr and As which were found to exceed the range. The deposition flux (Dφ) for multiple metals in the head airway region, tracheobronchial region, and alveolar regions was found to be higher in teenagers as compared to other groups, whereas the value was lower in infants. Further, it was notified from the Dφ that the metals could pass through the head airways and harm the tracheobronchial tree and alveolar region, increasing the risk of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Chowdhury
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science (Siksha Bhavana), Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, - 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Suraj Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science (Siksha Bhavana), Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, - 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Pratap Kumar Padhy
- Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Science (Siksha Bhavana), Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, - 731235, West Bengal, India.
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Caracci E, Canale L, Buonanno G, Stabile L. Sub-micron particle number emission from residential heating systems: A comparison between conventional and condensing boilers fueled by natural gas and liquid petroleum gas, and pellet stoves. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 827:154288. [PMID: 35248635 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pollutant emissions from residential heating systems represent a main concern in terms of outdoor air quality. Differently from other pollutants, sub-micron particle emission from heating systems has not yet been exhaustively characterized by the scientific literature, with limited data available, in particular, for gas-fueled boilers. In the present paper, an experimental campaign to measure the sub-micron particle number concentrations and distributions at the stack of different automatically-fed small-scale heating systems (conventional and condensing boilers fueled by natural gas and liquid petroleum gas, and pellet stoves) was performed. Based on the measured concentrations, corresponding emission rates and emission factors were also estimated. The results of the experimental campaign revealed that the highest concentrations were measured for pellet stoves (median value >107 part. m-3), whereas conventional (about 1 × 106 part. m-3) and condensing boilers (<106 part. m-3) presented much lower concentrations. No effect of the fuel (natural gas, liquid petroleum gas) on the total concentration measured at the stack of boilers was recognized, whereas a smaller distribution mode (at 10 nm) was measured for gas-fired boilers. Because of the particle concentration values, the highest particle emission rates and factors were the pellet stove ones (median values of 2.1 × 1015 part. h-1 and 8.4 × 1013 part. kWh-1, respectively), whereas emission rates for conventional and condensing boilers were about 5 × 1013 part. h-1 and 2 × 1013 part. h-1, respectively. The estimated emission factors were also adopted to perform a simplified evaluation of the relative contributions of the investigated automatically-fed small-scale heating systems in terms of particle number on a national scale (Italy): we obtained that the pellet stove contribution is the main one as it accounts for 87% of total emissions of particle number for heating purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Caracci
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, FR, Italy
| | - Laura Canale
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, FR, Italy; Department of Economics, Universitas Mercatorum, Piazza Mattei 10, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Buonanno
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, FR, Italy; International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Luca Stabile
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, FR, Italy.
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Nikolaeva O, Kuznetsova T, Karpukhin M, Vecherskii M. Elemental composition of sediments on exterior window surfaces along vertical gradient in Moscow. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153999. [PMID: 35196544 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous studies on the spatial distribution of pollutants in urban environments, little is known about their vertical profile. The presented research aims to analyze loadings and concentration of elements sedimented on exterior glass window surfaces of a high-rise building in Moscow city. The roadside part of a typical 17-level building was examined. Window sediments were collected along vertical from the 2nd to the 17th level using the novel instrumental approach of wet vacuum dust collection. A clear declining trend of sediment weight distribution was observed along the height increase. The values decreased by six times within 40-m vertical, from the 3rd (386 mg m-2) by the 17th level (63 mg m-2), driven by a decline of coarse dust fraction. Organic matter, Si, and Ca were the key contributors to the window sediments, providing 40%, 15%, and 4% in total weight, respectively. Among other elements, the highest proportions (over 1%) were identified for S, Fe, and Al, whereas little less (0.5-1%), for Mg, K, and Na, individually. Other element concentrations decreased in the following order P > Zn > Mn > Cu > Ba > Sr > Cr > V > Ni > Pb > Co > As>Cd. Element concentrations did not differ along vertical gradient due to the constant proportion of the finest dust fraction. Window sediments were characterized by 2-4 times higher concentrations of most of the studied elements than the road dust, being enriched by S, Na, Zn, and Cu - 27, 15, 10, and 6 times higher, respectively. Based on the strong correlation between the composition of road dust and window sediments, we consider resuspension of the road dust as a predominant source of particles sedimented on window glass surfaces and its enrichment by non-exhaust traffic-related elements. The research proved the validity of the suggested instrumental technique for sediment collection from window glass surfaces. Elemental analysis of window sediments was considered as a promising approach for environmental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Nikolaeva
- Research and Training Soil Ecological Centre, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 141592, Chashnikovo, Solnechnogorsk district, Moscow Oblast, Russia.
| | - Tatiana Kuznetsova
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, bld. 33, Leninsky Avenue, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Karpukhin
- Faculty of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, bld. 1/12, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Vecherskii
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071, bld. 33, Leninsky Avenue, Moscow, Russia
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Barthwal V, Jain S, Babuta A, Jamir C, Sharma AK, Mohan A. Health impact assessment of Delhi's outdoor workers exposed to air pollution and extreme weather events: an integrated epidemiology approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:44746-44758. [PMID: 35138537 PMCID: PMC9200945 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18886-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This study is an assessment of the effects of outdoor air pollution and extreme weather events on the health of outdoor workers in Delhi, including auto rickshaw drivers, street vendors, and sweepers. To carry it out, a cross-sectional and perception-based epidemiological research design was used, and the primary tool used for data collection was a questionnaire. Two hundred twenty-eight people participated in the survey, and a pulmonary function test (PFT) was performed on 63 participants. Most of the respondents from different occupational groups complained about headaches/giddiness, nausea, and muscular cramps during extreme heat events due to the physically demanding nature of their jobs in the outdoor environment. Furthermore, autorickshaw drivers reported the highest prevalence of ophthalmic symptoms, such as eye redness (44%) and eye irritation (36%). In comparison, vendors reported a higher prevalence of headaches (43%) and eye redness (40%) due to increased exposure to vehicular emissions. Among sweepers, musculoskeletal problems like joint pain (40%), backache (38%), and shoulder pain (35%) were most prevalent due to occupation-related ergonomic factors. In addition, the majority of autorickshaw drivers (47%), vendors (47%), and sweepers (48%) considered that air quality had a severe impact on their health. PFT results showed that most respondents had restricted lung function. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that lung function impairment had a significant association with smoking (p = 0.023) and age (0.019). The odds ratio for smoking, which was around 4, indicated that respondents who smoked had a nearly four times greater risk of developing lung impairment. The study also highlighted the need for using personal protective equipment and developing guidelines to reduce their exposure level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Barthwal
- Department of Energy and Environment, TERI School of Advanced Studies (earlier TERI University), Delhi, 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110 070, India
| | - Suresh Jain
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517 506, India.
| | - Ayushi Babuta
- Department of Energy and Environment, TERI School of Advanced Studies (earlier TERI University), Delhi, 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110 070, India
| | - Chubamenla Jamir
- Department of Energy and Environment, TERI School of Advanced Studies (earlier TERI University), Delhi, 10, Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110 070, India
| | - Arun Kumar Sharma
- University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Anant Mohan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine & Sleep Disorders, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Climatological Aspects of Active Fires in Northeastern China and Their Relationship to Land Cover. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14102316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biomass burning (BB) is a driving force for heavy haze in northeastern China (NEC) and shows distinct seasonal features. However, little is known about its climatological aspects, which are important for regional BB management and understanding BB effects on climate and environment. Here, the climatological characteristics of active fires and their dependence on land cover in NEC were studied using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products. Moreover, the influence of meteorological factors on fire activities was explored. The number of fires was found to have increased significantly from 2003 to 2018; and the annual total FRP (FRPtot) showed a generally consistent variation with fire counts. However, the mean fire radiative power for each spot (FRPmean) decreased. Fire activity showed distinctive seasonal variations. Most fires and intense burning events occurred in spring and autumn. Spatially, fires were mainly concentrated in cropland areas in plains, where the frequency of fires increased significantly, especially in spring and autumn. The annual percentage of agricultural fires increased from 34% in 2003 to over 60% after 2008 and the FRPtot of croplands increased from 12% to over 55%. Fires in forests, savannas, and grasslands tended to be associated with higher FRPmean than those in croplands. Analysis indicated that the increasing fire count in NEC is mainly caused by agricultural fires. Although the decreasing FRPmean represents an effective management of BB in recent years, high fire counts and FRPtot in croplands indicate that the crop residue burning cannot be simply banned and a need instead for effective applications. More efforts should be made on clean utilization of straw. The accumulation of dry biomass, high temperature, and low humidity, and weak precipitation are conducive to the fire activities. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of BB in NEC and provides a reference for regional BB management and control.
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Taucher E, Mykoliuk I, Lindenmann J, Smolle-Juettner FM. Implications of the Immune Landscape in COPD and Lung Cancer: Smoking Versus Other Causes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:846605. [PMID: 35386685 PMCID: PMC8978964 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.846605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is reported in about one third of adults worldwide. A strong relationship between cigarette smoke exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as well as lung cancer has been proven. However, about 15% of lung cancer cases, and between one fourth and one third of COPD cases, occur in never-smokers. The effects of cigarette smoke on the innate as well as the adaptive immune system have been widely investigated. It is assumed that certain immunologic features contribute to lung cancer and COPD development in the absence of smoking as the major risk factor. In this article, we review different immunological aspects of lung cancer and COPD with a special focus on non-smoking related risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Taucher
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Iurii Mykoliuk
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Joerg Lindenmann
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
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Experimental Characterization of Particulate and Gaseous Emissions from Biomass Burning of Six Mediterranean Species and Litter. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13020322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Wildfires across the Mediterranean ecosystems are associated with safety concerns due to their emissions. The type of biomass determines the composition of particulate matter (PM) and gaseous compounds emitted during the fire event. This study investigated simulated fire events and analysed biomass samples of six Mediterranean species and litter in a combustion chamber. The main aims are the characterization of PM realized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX), the quantification of gaseous emissions through gas chromatography (GC-MS) and, consequently, identification of the species that are potentially more dangerous. For PM, three size fractions were considered (PM10, 2.5 and 1), and their chemical composition was used for particle source-apportionment. For gaseous components, the CO, CO2, benzene, toluene and xylene (BTXs) emitted were quantified. All samples were described and compared based on their peculiar particulate and gaseous emissions. The primary results show that (a) Acacia saligna was noticeable for the highest number of particles emitted and remarkable values of KCl; (b) tree species were related to the fine windblown particles as canopies intercept PM10 and reemit it during burning; (c) shrub species were related to the particles resuspended from soil; and (d) benzene and toluene were the dominant aromatic compounds emitted. Finally, the most dangerous species identified during burning were Acacia saligna, for the highest number of particles emitted, and Pistacia lentiscus for its high density of particles, the presence of anthropogenic markers, and the highest emissions of all gaseous compounds.
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Kumar P, Zavala-Reyes JC, Tomson M, Kalaiarasan G. Understanding the effects of roadside hedges on the horizontal and vertical distributions of air pollutants in street canyons. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106883. [PMID: 34583097 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Built-up environments limit air pollution dispersion in street canyons and lead to complex trade-offs between green infrastructure (GI) usage and its potential to reduce near-road exposure. This study evaluated the effects of an evergreen hedge on the distribution of particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5, PM10), black carbon (BC) and particle number concentrations (PNCs) in a street canyon in West London. Instrumentation was deployed around the hedge at 13 fixed locations to assess the impact of the hedge on vertical and horizontal concentration distributions. Changes in concentrations behind the hedge were measured with reference to the corresponding sampling point in front of the hedge for all sets of measurements. Results showed a significant reduction in vertical concentrations between 1 and 1.7 m height, with maximum reductions of -16% (PM1 and PM10) and -17% (PM2.5) at ∼1 m height. Horizontal concentrations revealed two zones between the building façade and the hedge, with opposite trends: (i) close to hedge (within 0.2 m), where a reduction of PM1 and PM2.5 was observed, possibly due to dilution, deposition and the barrier effect; and (ii) 0.2-3 m from the hedge, showing an increase of 13-37% (PM1) and 7-21% (PM2.5), possibly due to the blockage effect of the building, restricting dispersion. BC showed a significant reduction at breathing height (1.5 m) of between -7 and -50%, followed by -15% for PNCs in the 0.02-1 µm size range. The ELPI + analyser showed a peak of ∼30 nm. The presence of the hedge led to a ∼39 ± 32% decrease in total PNCs (0.006-10 µm), suggesting a greater removal in different modes, such as a 83 ± 12% reduction in nucleation mode (0.006-0.030 µm), 74 ± 15% in ultrafine (≤0.1 µm), and 34 ± 30% in accumulation mode (0.03-0.3 µm). These findings indicate graded filtering of particles by GI in a near-road street canyon environment. This insight will guide the improved design of GI barriers and the validation of microscale dispersion models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom.
| | - Juan C Zavala-Reyes
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Mamatha Tomson
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Gopinath Kalaiarasan
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Plastic Pollution, Waste Management Issues, and Circular Economy Opportunities in Rural Communities. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su14010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rural areas are exposed to severe environmental pollution issues fed by industrial and agricultural activities combined with poor waste and sanitation management practices, struggling to achieve the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in line with Agenda 2030. Rural communities are examined through a “dual approach” as both contributors and receivers of plastic pollution leakage into the natural environment (through the air–water–soil–biota nexus). Despite the emerging trend of plastic pollution research, in this paper, we identify few studies investigating rural communities. Therefore, proxy analysis of peer-reviewed literature is required to outline the significant gaps related to plastic pollution and plastic waste management issues in rural regions. This work focuses on key stages such as (i) plastic pollution effects on rural communities, (ii) plastic pollution generated by rural communities, (iii) the development of a rural waste management sector in low- and middle-income countries in line with the SDGs, and (iv) circular economy opportunities to reduce plastic pollution in rural areas. We conclude that rural communities must be involved in both future plastic pollution and circular economy research to help decision makers reduce environmental and public health threats, and to catalyze circular initiatives in rural areas around the world, including less developed communities.
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Ge E, Gao J, Wei X, Ren Z, Wei J, Liu X, Wang X, Zhong J, Lu J, Tian X, Fei F, Chen B, Wang X, Peng Y, Luo M, Lei J. Effect modification of greenness on PM 2.5 associated all-cause mortality in a multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cohort. Thorax 2021; 77:1202-1209. [PMID: 34876501 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Evidence for the association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and mortality among patients with tuberculosis (TB) is limited. Whether greenness protects air pollution-related mortality among patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is completely unknown. METHODS 2305 patients reported in Zhejiang and Ningxia were followed up from MDR-TB diagnosis until death, loss to follow-up or end of the study (31 December 2019), with an average follow-up of 1724 days per patient. 16-day averages of contemporaneous Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the 500 m buffer of patient's residence, annual average PM2.5 and estimated oxidant capacity Ox were assigned to patients regarding their geocoded home addresses. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate HRs per 10 μg/m3 exposure to PM2.5 and all-cause mortality among the cohort and individuals across the three tertiles, adjusting for potential covariates. RESULTS HRs of 1.702 (95% CI 1.680 to 1.725) and 1.169 (1.162 to 1.175) were observed for PM2.5 associated with mortality for the full cohort and individuals with the greatest tertile of NDVI. Exposures to PM2.5 were stronger in association with mortality for younger patients (HR 2.434 (2.432 to 2.435)), female (2.209 (1.874 to 2.845)), patients in rural (1.780 (1.731 to 1.829)) and from Ningxia (1.221 (1.078 to 1.385)). Cumulative exposures increased the HRs of PM2.5-related mortality, while greater greenness flattened the risk with HRs reduced in 0.188-0.194 on average. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with MDR-TB could benefit from greenness by having attenuated associations between PM2.5 and mortality. Improving greener space and air quality may contribute to lower the risk of mortality from TB/MDR-TB and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erjia Ge
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jianhui Gao
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaolin Wei
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhoupeng Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System (LREIS), Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Iowa Technology Institute, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jieming Zhong
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingru Lu
- Institute of Ningxia Tuberculosis Control, The Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaomei Tian
- Institute of Ningxia Tuberculosis Control, The Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Fangrong Fei
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Institute of Ningxia Tuberculosis Control, The Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Luo
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Lei
- Institute of Ningxia Tuberculosis Control, The Fourth People's Hospital of Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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Jaafar H, Azzeri A, Isahak M, Dahlui M. The Impact of Haze on Healthcare Utilizations for Acute Respiratory Diseases: Evidence From Malaysia. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.764300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Haze imposes a substantial disease burden on the human population especially in the Southeast Asia region due to the high frequency of haze episodes. The reduction of air quality levels by haze has resulted in a substantial disease burden and an increase in healthcare utilization (HU). This study aims to determine the association between haze and HU of haze-related respiratory illnesses with a focus given on the acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma (AEBA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). A cross-sectional study was conducted through secondary data collection of haze/non-haze episodes as the study exposures and HU related to the exacerbation of bronchial asthma and COPD as the study outcomes. Data on haze/non-haze episodes and HU for four consecutive years (2012–2015) were retrieved from the Department of Environment and Ministry of Health Malaysia, respectively. In the four consecutive years, the percentage of haze episodes recorded in all stations was higher (67%) as compared to non-haze (33%) episodes. Means (SD) of patients diagnosed with AEBA and AECOPD were also significantly higher (p < 0.05) for inpatient 74 (62.1) and outpatient 320 (650.1) cases during haze episodes as compared to inpatient 34 (16.5) and outpatient 146 (170.5) cases during non-haze episodes. Findings from this study indicated that haze episodes incurred a significant healthcare burden due to an increase in HU. The evidence from this study will help the policymakers to prepare and allocate resources to control future implications of haze-related illnesses.
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Blockchain for Smart Mobility—Literature Review and Future Research Agenda. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132313268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Today’s cities face numerous challenges due to climate change and urbanization. The concept of a smart city aims to help cities to address these challenges by adapting modern information and communication technology. Smart mobility and transportation form one important aspect of smart cities. Inefficient mobility in cities can lead to problems such as traffic congestion, which results in frustration for residents and a decrease in the quality of life. Against the backdrop of global warming, cities also strive to reduce CO2 emissions, an attempt which requires sustainable and novel mobility concepts. Blockchain is a current technology, said to have huge potential, that is being investigated for application in many facets of smart cities. In the context of smart mobility, blockchain can be used for transactions relating to ridesharing and electric charging, handling of interactions of platoon members, or serving as a foundation for communication between vehicles. Although initial research about this topic exists, it is distributed among different use-cases and applications. This article conducts a systematic literature review to analyze blockchain’s role in mobility and transportation in smart cities, and its potential to increase efficiency in these areas. With this review, we aim to consolidate and summarize the current knowledge about this topic. As a first result, we present the findings from our literature review, which can be divided into five categories of use-cases. We also present a platform for further research about this emerging topic by identifying promising future research avenues. For this purpose, we derive a future research agenda based on our findings.
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Norkaew S, Phanprasit W, Robson MG, Woskie S, Buckley BT. Estimating Occupational Exposure to VOCs, SVOCs, Particles and Participant Survey Reported Symptoms in Central Thailand Rice Farmers Using Multiple Sampling Techniques. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:9288. [PMID: 34501879 PMCID: PMC8431457 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Thailand is known for its agricultural productivity and rice exportation. Most farms use small machines and manual labor, creating potential exposure to multiple health hazards. A cross-sectional study was conducted to measure pollutants liberated during preparation, pesticide application, and harvesting. Thirty rice farmers, mostly males from 41 to 50 years old, participated. The participant survey data showed that 53.3% of the respondents spent >2 h per crop on preparation, <1 h on pesticide application, and about 1-2 h harvesting; 86.7% of the respondents maintained and stored mechanical applicators at home, suggesting possible after-work exposures. Gloves, fabric masks, boots, and hats were worn during all activities, and >90% wore long sleeved shirts and pants. VOCs and SVOCs were collected using charcoal tubes and solid phase micro sample extraction (SPME). An analysis of the charcoal and SPME samplers found that 30 compounds were detected overall and that 10 were in both the charcoal tubes and SPME samplers. The chemicals most often detected were 1, 1, 1 Trichloro ethane and xylene. Additionally, farmers experienced the highest exposure to particulates during harvesting. These results demonstrated that farmers experience multiple exposures while farming and that risk communication with education or training programs may mitigate exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saowanee Norkaew
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Khlong Nueng 12121, Thailand
| | - Wantanee Phanprasit
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Mark Gregory Robson
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Susan Woskie
- Department of Public Health, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA;
| | - Brian T. Buckley
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Rutgers, NJ 08854, USA;
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Burrell KL, Nguyen ND, Deering-Rice CE, Memon TA, Almestica-Roberts M, Rapp E, Serna SN, Lamb JG, Reilly CA. Dynamic Expression of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-3 and Integrated Signaling with Growth Factor Pathways during Lung Epithelial Wound Repair following Wood Smoke Particle and Other Forms of Lung Cell Injury. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 100:295-307. [PMID: 34290137 PMCID: PMC11037451 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior studies revealed increased expression of the transient receptor potential vanilloid-3 (TRPV3) ion channel after wood smoke particulate matter (WSPM) treatment of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). TRPV3 attenuated pathologic endoplasmic reticulum stress and cytotoxicity mediated by transient receptor potential ankyrin-1. Here, the basis for how TRPV3 expression is regulated by cell injury and the effects this has on HBEC physiology and WSPM-induced airway remodeling in mice was investigated. TRPV3 mRNA was rapidly increased in HBECs treated with WSPM and after monolayer damage caused by tryptic disruption, scratch wounding, and cell passaging. TRPV3 mRNA abundance varied with time, and stimulated expression occurred independent of new protein synthesis. Overexpression of TRPV3 in HBECs reduced cell migration and wound repair while enhancing cell adhesion. This phenotype correlated with disrupted mRNA expression of ligands of the epidermal growth factor, tumor growth factor-β, and frizzled receptors. Accordingly, delayed wound repair by TRPV3 overexpressing cells was reversed by growth factor supplementation. In normal HBECs, TRPV3 upregulation was triggered by exogenous growth factor supplementation and was attenuated by inhibitors of growth factor receptor signaling. In mice, subacute oropharyngeal instillation with WSPM also promoted TRPV3 mRNA expression and epithelial remodeling, which was attenuated by TRPV3 antagonist pre- and cotreatment. This latter effect may be the consequence of antagonist-induced TRPV3 expression. These findings provide insights into the roles of TRPV3 in lung epithelial cells under basal and dynamic states, as well as highlight potential roles for TRPV3 ligands in modulating epithelial damage/repair. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Coordinated epithelial repair is essential for the maintenance of the airways, with deficiencies and exaggerated repair associated with adverse consequences to respiratory health. This study shows that TRPV3, an ion channel, is involved in coordinating repair through integrated repair signaling pathways, wherein TRPV3 expression is upregulated immediately after injury and returns to basal levels as cells complete the repair process. TRPV3 may be a novel target for understanding and/or treating conditions in which airway/lung epithelial repair is not properly orchestrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Burrell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Nam D Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Cassandra E Deering-Rice
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Tosifa A Memon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Marysol Almestica-Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Emmanuel Rapp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Samantha N Serna
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - John G Lamb
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Christopher A Reilly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Mak HWL, Ng DCY. Spatial and Socio-Classification of Traffic Pollutant Emissions and Associated Mortality Rates in High-Density Hong Kong via Improved Data Analytic Approaches. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6532. [PMID: 34204413 PMCID: PMC8296480 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Excessive traffic pollutant emissions in high-density cities result in thermal discomfort and are associated with devastating health impacts. In this study, an improved data analytic framework that combines geo-processing techniques, social habits of local citizens like traffic patterns and working schedule and district-wise building morphologies was established to retrieve street-level traffic NOx and PM2.5 emissions in all 18 districts of Hong Kong. The identification of possible human activity regions further visualizes the intersection between emission sources and human mobility. The updated spatial distribution of traffic emission could serve as good indicators for better air quality management, as well as the planning of social infrastructures in the neighborhood environment. Further, geo-processed traffic emission figures can systematically be distributed to respective districts via mathematical means, while the correlations of NOx and mortality within different case studies range from 0.371 to 0.783, while varying from 0.509 to 0.754 for PM2.5, with some assumptions imposed in our study. Outlying districts and good practices of maintaining an environmentally friendly transportation network were also identified and analyzed via statistical means. This newly developed data-driven framework of allocating and quantifying traffic emission could possibly be extended to other dense and heavily polluted cities, with the aim of enhancing health monitoring campaigns and relevant policy implementations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Wai Leung Mak
- Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Daisy Chiu Yi Ng
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong;
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Memon TA, Nguyen ND, Burrell KL, Scott AF, Almestica-Roberts M, Rapp E, Deering-Rice CE, Reilly CA. Wood Smoke Particles Stimulate MUC5AC Overproduction by Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Through TRPA1 and EGFR Signaling. Toxicol Sci 2021; 174:278-290. [PMID: 31944254 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucus hypersecretion is a pathological feature of acute inflammatory and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Exposure to air pollutants can be a cause of pathological mucus overproduction, but mechanisms by which different forms of air pollutants elicit this response are not fully understood. In this study, particulate matter (PM) generated from burning pine wood and other types of biomass was used to determine mechanisms by which these forms of PM stimulate mucin gene expression and secretion by primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). Biomass PM < 2.5 μm generated from pine wood and several other fuels stimulated the expression and secretion of the gel-forming glycoprotein MUC5AC by HBECs. Muc5ac gene induction was also observed in mouse airways following subacute oropharyngeal delivery of pine wood smoke PM. In HBECs, MUC5AC was also induced by the transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) agonists' coniferaldehyde, a component of pine smoke PM, and allyl isothiocyanate, and was attenuated by a TRPA1 antagonist. Additionally, inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB1) and the EGFR signaling partners p38 MAPK and GSK3β also prevented MUC5AC overexpression. Collectively, our results suggest that activation of TRPA1 and EGFR, paired with alterations to p38 MAPK and GSK3β activity, plays a major role in MUC5AC overproduction by bronchial epithelial cells exposed to biomass smoke PM. These results reveal specific processes for how biomass smoke PM may impact the human respiratory system and highlight potential avenues for therapeutic manipulation of lung diseases that are affected by air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosifa A Memon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Nam D Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Katherine L Burrell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Abigail F Scott
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Marysol Almestica-Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Emmanuel Rapp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Cassandra E Deering-Rice
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Christopher A Reilly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Human Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Martenies SE, Hoskovec L, Wilson A, Allshouse WB, Adgate JL, Dabelea D, Jathar S, Magzamen S. Assessing the Impact of Wildfires on the Use of Black Carbon as an Indicator of Traffic Exposures in Environmental Epidemiology Studies. GEOHEALTH 2021; 5:e2020GH000347. [PMID: 34124496 PMCID: PMC8173457 DOI: 10.1029/2020gh000347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies frequently use black carbon (BC) as a proxy for traffic-related air pollution (TRAP). However, wildfire smoke (WFS) represents an important source of BC not often considered when using BC as a proxy for TRAP. Here, we examined the potential for WFS to bias TRAP exposure assessments based on BC measurements. Weekly integrated BC samples were collected across the Denver, CO region from May to November 2018. We collected 609 filters during our sampling campaigns, 35% of which were WFS-impacted. For each filter we calculated an average BC concentration. We assessed three GIS-based indicators of TRAP for each sampling location: annual average daily traffic within a 300 m buffer, the minimum distance to a highway, and the sum of the lengths of roadways within 300 m. Median BC concentrations were 9% higher for WFS-impacted filters (median = 1.14 μg/m3, IQR = 0.23 μg/m3) than nonimpacted filters (median = 1.04 μg/m3, IQR = 0.48 μg/m3). During WFS events, BC concentrations were elevated and expected spatial gradients in BC were reduced. We conducted a simulation study to estimate TRAP exposure misclassification as the result of regional WFS. Our results suggest that linear health effect estimates were biased away from the null when WFS was present. Thus, exposure assessments relying on BC as a proxy for TRAP may be biased by wildfire events. Alternative metrics that account for the influence of "brown" carbon associated with biomass burning may better isolate the effects of traffic emissions from those of other black carbon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. E. Martenies
- Kinesiology and Community HealikthUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaILUSA
- Environmental and Radiological Health SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - L. Hoskovec
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - A. Wilson
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - W. B. Allshouse
- Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public HealthUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA
| | - J. L. Adgate
- Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public HealthUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA
| | - D. Dabelea
- Department of EpidemiologyColorado School of Public HealthUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD Center)University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA
- School of MedicineDepartment of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA
| | - S. Jathar
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - S. Magzamen
- Environmental and Radiological Health SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyColorado School of Public HealthUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA
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50
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Rajinikanth SK, Chitra M, Kannan N, Baskaran V, Krishnan M. A comparative analysis of biomass and clean fuel exposure on pulmonary function during cooking among rural women in Tamilnadu, India. Bioinformation 2021; 17:593-598. [PMID: 35095233 PMCID: PMC8770405 DOI: 10.6026/97320630017593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is of interest to document data on the comparative analysis of biomass and clean fuel exposure on pulmonary function during cooking among rural women. The study consisted of 100 biomass and 100 LPG fuel using women with no smoking habits and other related illness Parameters such as FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEFR, FEF25-75%were obtained using the computerized spirometry to assess the pulmonary function in these subjects. The collected data were analyzed using the Student t-test method and Pearson correlation. The exposure index for biomass fuel users is 69.78±27.25 showing high exposure duration during cooking. The parameters for pulmonary functions significantly declined in FVC (42.34±13.6), FEV1 (45.55±15.98), PEFR (34.11±14.78) and FEF25-75% (45.56±23.00) for biomass fuel user. However, this is not true for FEV1/FVC ratio (107.56±16.9). The increase in PFT suggests the restrictive and obstructive patterns of pulmonary diseases. There was a negative correlation between increased duration of cooking and the value of FEV1/FVC (r = -0.2961), FEF25-75% (r = -0.3519) and PEFR (r = -0.2868). Thus, the deformation of pulmonary function due to extended exposure of biomass fuel for cooking women in rural Tamilnadu is shown using parameter features such as high exposure index, overcrowded area and improper ventilated houses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Chitra
- Department of physiology, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai and Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Kannan
- Department of physiology, Adhiparasakthi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Melmaruvathur, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Madhan Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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