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Riboldi I, Calabrese A, Piacenti S, Capogrosso CA, Paioni SL, Bartoli F, Carrà G, Armes J, Taylor C, Crocamo C. Understanding University Students' Perspectives towards Digital Tools for Mental Health Support: A Cross-country Study. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2024; 20:e17450179271467. [PMID: 38660572 PMCID: PMC11037510 DOI: 10.2174/0117450179271467231231060255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Background Organisational and individual barriers often prevent university students from seeking mental health support. Digital technologies are recognised as effective in managing psychological distress and as a source of health-related information, thus representing useful options to address mental health needs in terms of accessibility and cost-effectiveness. However, university students' experiences and perspectives towards such interventions are little known. Objectives We thus aimed to expand the existing base of scientific knowledge, focusing on this special population. Methods Data were from the qualitative component of "the CAMPUS study", longitudinally assessing the mental health of students at the University of Milano-Bicocca (Italy) and the University of Surrey (UK). We conducted in-depth interviews and thematically analysed the transcripts using the framework approach. Results An explanatory model was derived from five themes identified across 33 interviews (15 for Italy, 18 for the UK). Students perceived that social media, apps, and podcasts could deliver relevant mental health content, ranging from primary to tertiary prevention. Wide availability and anonymity were perceived as advantages that make tools suitable for preventive interventions, to reduce mental health stigma, and as an extension of standard treatment. These goals can be hindered by disadvantages, namely lower efficacy compared to face-to-face contact, lack of personalisation, and problematic engagement. Individual and cultural specificities might influence awareness and perspectives on the use of digital technologies for mental health support. Conclusion Although considering some specific features, digital tools could be a useful instrument to support the mental health needs of students. Since personal contact remains crucial, digital tools should be integrated with face-to-face interventions through a multi-modal approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Riboldi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Angela Calabrese
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Susanna Piacenti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza 20900, Italy
| | | | - Susanna Lucini Paioni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Francesco Bartoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza 20900, Italy
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House 149, London W1T 7BN, UK
| | - Jo Armes
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Health and Sciences, University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Cath Taylor
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Health and Sciences, University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Cristina Crocamo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza 20900, Italy
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2
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Hamza CA, Robinson K, Hasking PA, Heath NL, Lewis SP, Lloyd-Richardson E, Whitlock J, Wilson MS. Educational stakeholders' attitudes and knowledge about nonsuicidal self-injury among university students: A cross-national study. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:2140-2150. [PMID: 34380005 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1961782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a commonly occurring, yet historically poorly understood, mental health concern among post-secondary students. The present study sought to identify the current knowledge needs of university stakeholders to inform training efforts around effective NSSI response and student support on university campuses. Participants were 1,762 university students, staff, and student-staff (77% female) from seven universities in Canada, the USA, New Zealand, and Australia. Participants completed an online survey about their attitudes and knowledge of both general mental health and NSSI. University stakeholders reported significantly greater stigma toward NSSI than mental illness in general. Student-staff reported greater perceived knowledge and comfort, and demonstrated greater knowledge of NSSI, than students and staff. Findings underscore the need for additional training and resources to reduce stigma and increase knowledge about NSSI on university campuses internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe A Hamza
- Applied Psychology and Human Development, University of Toronto Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kealagh Robinson
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Penny A Hasking
- Health Sciences, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Nancy L Heath
- Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephen P Lewis
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Janis Whitlock
- Family Life Development Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Marc S Wilson
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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3
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Grandón P, Vidal D, Vielma-Aguilera A, Bustos C, Contreras Y, Castillo G, Cid P, Araya C, Flores R. Effectiveness of an intervention to reduce stigma towards people with a mental disorder diagnosis in university students of healthcare careers. Psychiatry Res 2023; 328:115428. [PMID: 37643532 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Students in healthcare careers present stigma towards people with psychiatric diagnoses, so the development of interventions to reduce it is essential. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention to reduce stigma towards people diagnosed with mental disorders in healthcare students in Chile. A randomized clinical trial with a before and after measurement was carried out. The intervention was part of a compulsory course and combined educational and contact strategies. A total of 244 fourth-semester students of medicine, nursing, dentistry, obstetrics, psychology, and social work participated. The intervention was effective in reducing stigmatizing attitudes and the desire for social distance. For almost all variables, the magnitude of the stigma reduction depended on the initial level of stigma, not on the profession. The intervention had positive effects on all careers. In conclusion, incorporating a stigma reduction intervention into mandatory professional training, with the active participation of the teacher in charge and experts by experience, can be a valuable tool to promote humanized and non-stigmatizing treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Grandón
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Daisy Vidal
- Department of Social Work, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alexis Vielma-Aguilera
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Claudio Bustos
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Yolanda Contreras
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gustavo Castillo
- Department of Social Work, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Patricia Cid
- Faculty of Nursing, Department of Nursing Fundamentals and Public Health, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos Araya
- Department of Prevention and Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Raúl Flores
- Department of Prevention and Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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4
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Harra RC, Vargas I. A peer-based mentoring program for reducing anxiety and depression symptoms among college students: A preliminary study. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-8. [PMID: 36749892 PMCID: PMC10404642 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2172580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability, as well as conducted an initial test of effectiveness, of a peer-based mentoring program for mental health problems among college students. Participants: Thirty-two undergraduate students from a University in the southern part of the United States who exhibited moderate depression or anxiety symptoms were assessed. The participants were primarily white and in their freshman year. Methods: Participants were randomized into two groups. Participants in the intervention group met with a trained peer mentor once a week for four weeks, while participants in the control group were placed on a waitlist. All participants completed pre- and post-treatment surveys to assess anxiety and depression symptoms. Results: The data indicated that participants in the intervention group had significantly greater post-treatment reductions in depression symptoms. Conclusion: These findings provide preliminary support for the use of peer-based mentoring programs in treating mental health problems on college campuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Harra
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Ivan Vargas
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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5
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Wildey MN, Fox ME, Machnik KA, Ronk D. Exploring graduate student mental health and service utilization by gender, race, and year in school. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-9. [PMID: 36395376 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2145898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study explored differences in mental health problems, services utilization, and support of graduate students by gender, race/ethnicity, and year in school. PARTICIPANTS Participants consisted of 734 graduate students from a large, Midwestern university. METHODS Graduate students answered a series of questionnaires in fall 2021 assessing their mental health, services utilization, and perception of services. RESULTS Women (vs men) and participants in their second year and beyond (vs first year) reported greater mental health problems, negative impact of the pandemic, and more services utilization. White (vs non-White) participants reported greater negative impact of the pandemic, greater services utilization, and less financial strain. Finances, lack of knowledge about resources, and inadequate communication from the university about services were reported as treatment barriers. CONCLUSION Graduate students struggle with mental health, and universities may need to improve communication with and tailor their services to graduate students specifically to better support them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhila N Wildey
- Psychology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan, USA
| | - Meghan E Fox
- Athletic Training, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan, USA
| | - Kelly A Machnik
- Occupational Science and Therapy, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan, USA
| | - Deborah Ronk
- Social Work, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan, USA
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6
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Ma KKY, Burn AM, Anderson JK. Review: School-based mental health literacy interventions to promote help-seeking - a systematic review. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2022. [PMID: 36377083 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND School-based mental health literacy interventions aim to prevent mental disorders and promote mental wellbeing through improving the knowledge and understanding of mental health, mental disorders, and reducing stigma. Evidence suggests that good mental health literacy helps young people recognise mental health difficulties in themselves and in others, and seek help for mental health problems. Improved help-seeking can allow for early intervention, which prevents the progression of mental disorders and ultimately reduces the burden of mental disorders. The aim of this review is to identify and synthesise evidence on the effectiveness of school-based mental health literacy interventions in improving help-seeking outcomes. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, ERIC, Child Development and Adolescent Studies, British Education Index and ASSIA (June 2020). Additional searches were conducted a year later to identify any new publications (June 2021). We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of school-based interventions to improve help-seeking outcomes for children and young people aged 4-18 years. Included studies were critically appraised. RESULTS We identified 11 studies investigating help-seeking outcomes of school-based mental health literacy interventions including a total of 7066 participants from 66 secondary schools. Overall, there is no strong evidence for the effectiveness of school-based mental health literacy interventions in improving help-seeking outcomes, including general attitudes towards help-seeking, personal intentions to seek help, knowledge of when and how to seek help for mental disorders, confidence to seek help, and actual help-seeking behaviours. None of the studies investigated the cost-effectiveness of the interventions. CONCLUSION The lack of standardised measures with established reliability and validity for help-seeking outcomes, and the incomprehensive consideration of the multi-faceted concepts of MH literacy and MH stigma have contributed to the scarcity of evidence for the effectiveness. Future research should focus on developing standardised measurement tools and including economic evaluations to understand pragmatic and financial aspects of school-based mental health literacy interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne-Marie Burn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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7
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Kruger E, Pitts SC, Denenny D, DeLuca JS, Schiffman J. Efficacy of contact intervention videos on college students' intentions toward mental health help-seeking. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:2033-2041. [PMID: 33253017 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1842417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ObjectiveUntreated mental health (MH) concerns have significant implications for college students. This study examined the efficacy of a video contact intervention targeting students' intentions to seek counseling. Participants: One-hundred and sixty-three college students (Mage = 21.05, SD = 2.20) from a Mid-Atlantic university participated. The sample was predominantly female (74%). Method: Students were randomly assigned to view a student-targeted contact video (ie, clips from college students who share their mental health experiences), a MH comparison contact video, or a non-MH comparison video. Intentions to seek counseling and psychological distress were measured pretest and post-test. Results: Intentions to seek counseling significantly increased from pretest to post-test in the student-targeted contact video condition (F[1, 156] = 22.75, p < .001, partial η2 = .13), but not in the comparison conditions. Further, this effect was only observed among participants who reported preexisting psychological distress (F[1, 153] = 28.00, p < .001, partial η2 = .16). Conclusions: This study provides initial support for the utility of a student-targeted contact intervention video for increasing help-seeking intentions among those reporting current psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryn Kruger
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven C Pitts
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Danielle Denenny
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, UCLA Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joseph S DeLuca
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jason Schiffman
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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8
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Kirschner B, Goetzl M, Curtin L. Mental health stigma among college students: Test of an interactive online intervention. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:1831-1838. [PMID: 33048656 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1826492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Young adults have low rates of help-seeking despite high rates of mental health problems, which relate to stigmatizing attitudes. Education as well as contact with people with mental health problems may improve stigmatization. The present pilot study tested the efficacy of an online interactive educational intervention that utilizes avatars depicting distressed individuals on stigmatizing attitudes toward mental illness and help-seeking. Participants and Methods: Eighty-five college student participants were assessed on self- and public-stigma as well as attitudes toward help-seeking and were randomly assigned to one of three conditions (intervention, control, post-test only). Results: Pre-post comparisons indicate that interactive programs may be an accessible and efficient means to reduce stigmatizing attitudes toward help-seeking among college students. Future studies should include follow-up assessments and measures of behavior and should consider individual differences. including personal mental health history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Kirschner
- Department of Psychology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | - Megan Goetzl
- Department of Psychology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lisa Curtin
- Department of Psychology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
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9
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Victor SE, Schleider JL, Ammerman BA, Bradford DE, Devendorf AR, Gruber J, Gunaydin LA, Hallion LS, Kaufman EA, Lewis SP, Stage DL. Leveraging the Strengths of Psychologists With Lived Experience of Psychopathology. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022; 17:1624-1632. [PMID: 35748769 DOI: 10.1177/17456916211072826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Psychopathology is a common element of the human experience, and psychological scientists are not immune. Recent empirical data demonstrate that a significant proportion of clinical, counseling, and school psychology faculty and graduate students have lived experience, both past and present, of psychopathology. This commentary compliments these findings by leveraging the perspectives of the authors and signatories, who have personal lived experience of psychopathology, to improve professional inclusivity in these fields. By "coming out proud," the authors aim to foster discussion, research, and inclusion efforts as they relate to psychopathology experiences in psychological science. To that end, the authors describe considerations related to disclosure of lived experience, identify barriers to inclusion, and provide concrete recommendations for personal and systemic changes to improve recognition and acceptance of psychopathology lived experience among psychologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Victor
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University
| | | | | | | | | | - June Gruber
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Lisa A Gunaydin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
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10
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Sifat MS, Tasnim N, Hoque N, Saperstein S, Shin RQ, Feldman R, Stoebenau K, Green KM. Motivations and barriers for clinical mental health help-seeking in Bangladeshi university students: a cross-sectional study. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2022; 9:211-220. [PMID: 36618754 PMCID: PMC9806995 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2022.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background University and college students are vulnerable to developing depressive symptoms. People in low-income countries are disproportionately impacted by mental health problems, yet few studies examine routes to accessing clinical services. Examining motivation and barriers toward seeking clinical mental health services in university students in Bangladesh is important. Method Using a cross-sectional survey (n = 350), we assess the relationship between the constructs of autonomy, relatedness, and competency toward using clinical mental health practices (i.e. using professional resources, taking medication) with (1) positive views, (2) perceived need, and (3) use of clinical mental health services among Bangladeshi university students. Results Results showed that the perceived need for mental health support was the predictor of the largest magnitude (aOR = 4.99, p = 0.005) for using clinical services. Having a positive view of clinical services was predictive of clinical service use (aOR = 2.87, p = 0.033); however, that association became insignificant (p = 0.054) when adjusting for the perceived need for mental health care. Of the SDT constructs, social influences were predictive of perceiving a need for mental health support, and mental health knowledge was predictive (aOR = 1.10, p = 0.001) of having a positive view of clinical mental health care. Conclusion Our findings show that knowledge of mental health is associated with positive views of mental health services, and that higher levels of stress and the presence of people with mental health problems are associated with the perception of a need for mental health care, which is ultimately responsible for using the services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munjireen S. Sifat
- TSET Health Promotion Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | | | - Nushrat Hoque
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sandra Saperstein
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Richard Q. Shin
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Robert Feldman
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Kirsten Stoebenau
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Kerry M. Green
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
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11
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Fong TCT, Cheng Q, Yip PSF. Change in suicidal ideation and associated factors among young adults in Hong Kong from 2018 to 2019: a latent transition analysis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:1027-1038. [PMID: 34817637 PMCID: PMC8611992 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Suicide in young adulthood is a vital public health concern. There have been few systematic studies that examined the prevalence and transition of suicidal ideation classes in young adults and the factors associated with the transition. METHODS This two-wave survey recruited 1269 young adults (Mean age = 24.0 years, 70.1% males) in Hong Kong. The participants completed the Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale, Chinese Health Questionnaire, and help-seeking behaviors in 2018 and 2019. Latent profile analysis was used to classify the participants into latent classes of suicidal ideation with substantive checking under the 3-step approach. Latent transition analysis with measurement invariance examined the transition among the latent classes from 2018 to 2019 and the associations with help-seeking behaviors and change in psychological distress. RESULTS Three latent classes of suicidal ideation were identified and over two-thirds of the participants belonged to the Low-risk class with minimal suicidal ideation. The prevalence of the High-risk class dropped from 10.2 to 7.2%, while that of the Moderate-risk class remained stable from 2018 to 2019. Increases in psychological distress predicted higher probabilities to remain at or transit into more risky classes. Engagement in help-seeking behaviors showed differential transitions in suicidal ideation across time. CONCLUSION The findings suggest three latent classes of suicidal ideation with distinct profiles among the young adults. Deterioration in psychological distress showed a temporal effect on worsening of suicidal ideation over a 1-year period. Future studies should elucidate the comparative effectiveness of help-seeking behaviors via online and offline channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted C. T. Fong
- Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qijin Cheng
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul S. F. Yip
- The Hong Kong Jockey Club Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, The University of Hong Kong, 2/F, The HKJC Building for Interdisciplinary Research, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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12
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The association between stigmatizing attitudes towards depression and help seeking attitudes in college students. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263622. [PMID: 35180243 PMCID: PMC8856567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression stigma has been considered a significant barrier to treatment and rehabilitation. This study aimed to understand the effects of gender, previous mental health care, and symptomatology on depression stigma and analyze the impact of depression stigma on help-seeking attitudes. A total of 969 students with a mean age of 18.87 (SD = 1.49) were included in this study and completed the Depression Stigma Scale, the Attitude Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help, the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 questionnaire, and a socio-demographic questionnaire. We analyzed data using SPSS 24.0, with a 95% confidence interval. Participants came from all University schools, and 64.6% were women. Personal stigma and help-seeking attitudes were affected by gender (β(male) = 5.65, CI = 4.07, 7.25) and previous access to mental healthcare services (β(previous help) = -4.35, CI = -5.89, -2.82). Perceived depression stigma was affected gender (β(male) = -2.67, CI = -5.00, -0.34) and symptomatology (β(no symptomatology) = -3.29, CI = -6.09, -0.49). Personal (r = -0.42, p<0.01) and perceived (r = 0.10, p<0.01) depression stigma correlated with help-seeking attitudes, but we detected no direct symptomatology effect on help-seeking attitudes. Personal depression stigma significantly affected help-seeking attitudes (β = -0.15, CI = -0.17, -0.12). Promoting literacy may decrease personal depression stigma and increase professional help-seeking attitudes and behaviors.
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13
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A Program to Reduce Stigma Toward Mental Illness and Promote Mental Health Literacy and Help-Seeking in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Student-Athletes. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SPORT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1123/jcsp.2019-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Student-athletes are susceptible to mental health problems that disrupt optimal functioning and well-being. Despite having many protective factors, student-athletes represent an at-risk subgroup of college students who experience mental health concerns due to the distress of balancing multiple obligations. However, many student-athletes underutilize psychological services. Stigma is the main barrier preventing student-athletes from seeking help, and mental health literacy (MHL) interventions addressing knowledge and beliefs about mental disorders have traditionally been used to destigmatize mental illness. This study investigated the impact of a 4-week program on stigma, MHL, and attitudes and intentions toward seeking help with 33 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I student-athletes. The program was composed of four science-based interventions—MHL, empathy, counter stereotyping, and contact—delivered face-to-face within a group setting. MHL, attitudes toward seeking help, and intentions to seek counseling improved from preintervention to postintervention and to 1-month follow-up. Self-stigma was reduced from preintervention to postintervention.
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14
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Yuen ASY, Mak WWS. The Effects of Immersive Virtual Reality in Reducing Public Stigma of Mental Illness in the University Population of Hong Kong: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e23683. [PMID: 34259636 PMCID: PMC8319785 DOI: 10.2196/23683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Public stigma in mental health often brings various adverse effects on people with mental illness. Researchers have been developing different interventions in combating public stigma. Objective This study investigates the effects of immersive virtual reality (IVR) in reducing the public stigma of mental illness using a single-blinded randomized control trial. Methods A pre-post experimental design with a 1-week follow-up was conducted. Participants (N=206) were recruited through the mass mail system of The Chinese University of Hong Kong and randomized into 3 conditions: immersive animation, text, and control. In the immersive animation condition (n=72), participants experienced the simulation of daily life and the stigma experienced as an animated story protagonist with mixed anxiety and depressive disorder with IVR. In the text condition (n=65), participants experienced an identical story to the immersive animation condition with first-person audio narration using the same virtual reality headset. In the control condition (n=69), participants watched a video about planets with IVR. All participants received interventions with a researcher-assisted Oculus Go virtual reality headset. Participants’ public stigma was measured through self-administered online questionnaires and compared across conditions and at different time points using repeated measures analysis of variance. Simple and sequential mediation analyses on the relationship of condition (immersive animation vs text) and follow-up public stigma with possible mediators, including sense of embodiment and story transportation, were conducted using PROCESS. Results Public stigma did not differ significantly across conditions at pre-experiment (P>.99). In the immersive animation and text conditions, public stigma was significantly reduced at postexperiment and at the 1-week follow-up compared to pre-experiment (all with P<.001). Public stigma in the control condition at postexperiment and follow-up remained unchanged compared with pre-experiment (P=.69). Immersive animation had significantly lower public stigma than the control at postexperiment (P=.003) and follow-up (P=.02). Text also had lower public stigma than the control at postexperiment (P=.007) and follow-up (P=.03). However, immersive animation did not significantly differ from text in public stigma at postexperiment and follow-up (both P>.99). In simple mediation models, both sense of embodiment (95% CI –0.22 to 0.46) and story transportation (95% CI –0.18 to 0.00) were not significant mediators. In the sequential mediation model, both sense of embodiment and story transportation were significant sequential mediators. Sense of embodiment was positively associated with story transportation (P<.001), while story transportation was negatively associated with public stigma (P<.001). The indirect effect of the sequential mediation model was significant (95% CI –0.38 to –0.11). Conclusions This study provides novel findings and a rigorous comparison in understanding the effects of IVR on public stigma. The findings showed that IVR and text with audio narration performed similarly and significantly in stigma reduction. Sense of embodiment and story transportation were found to be sequentially associated with public stigma reduction. Trial Registration Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics Clinical Trial Registry CUHK_Ccrb00638; https://www2.ccrb.cuhk.edu.hk/registry/public/632
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Y Yuen
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Winnie W S Mak
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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15
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Amsalem D, Markowitz JC, Jankowski SE, Yang LH, Valeri L, Lieff SA, Neria Y, Dixon LB. Sustained Effect of a Brief Video in Reducing Public Stigma Toward Individuals With Psychosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Young Adults. Am J Psychiatry 2021; 178:635-642. [PMID: 33900809 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20091293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Public stigma is a barrier to care and increases the duration of untreated psychosis among individuals with first-episode psychosis. The authors recently demonstrated the efficacy of a 90-second social contact-based video intervention in reducing such stigma. That proof-of-concept study was the first to employ so brief an antistigma intervention in a sample of young adults. The authors now present a randomized controlled replication study with baseline, postintervention, and 30-day follow-up assessments. The authors aimed to replicate their previous findings and to show a persisting benefit for the video intervention. METHODS Using a crowdsourcing platform (Amazon Mechanical Turk), the authors recruited and assigned 1,055 participants ages 18-30 years to a brief video-based intervention, to a written vignette intervention containing the same material, or to a nonintervention control condition. In the 90-second video, a 22-year-old African American woman with schizophrenia humanized the illness through her emotional description of living a meaningful and productive life. RESULTS A three-by-three group-by-time multivariate analysis of variance showed a significant group-by-time interaction for the total scores of all five stigma-related domains: social distance, stereotyping, separateness, social restriction, and perceived recovery. Post hoc pairwise tests showed greater reductions in the video group compared with the vignette and control groups at the postintervention and 30-day follow-up assessments, while the vignette group differed from the control group at the postintervention assessment but not at the 30-day assessment. CONCLUSIONS This randomized controlled study replicated and strengthened the authors' earlier findings, further showing month-long sustained stigma reduction in the social contact-based video intervention arm. A 90-second video sufficed to humanize schizophrenia and reduce stigma. Further research should examine longer-term sustainability, assess changes in behavior, and determine optimal effective video length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doron Amsalem
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Amsalem, Markowitz, Jankowski, Neria, Dixon); Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York (Yang, Lieff); Department of Epidemiology (Yang) and Department of Biostatistics (Valeri), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (Neria)
| | - John C Markowitz
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Amsalem, Markowitz, Jankowski, Neria, Dixon); Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York (Yang, Lieff); Department of Epidemiology (Yang) and Department of Biostatistics (Valeri), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (Neria)
| | - Samantha E Jankowski
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Amsalem, Markowitz, Jankowski, Neria, Dixon); Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York (Yang, Lieff); Department of Epidemiology (Yang) and Department of Biostatistics (Valeri), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (Neria)
| | - Lawrence H Yang
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Amsalem, Markowitz, Jankowski, Neria, Dixon); Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York (Yang, Lieff); Department of Epidemiology (Yang) and Department of Biostatistics (Valeri), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (Neria)
| | - Linda Valeri
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Amsalem, Markowitz, Jankowski, Neria, Dixon); Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York (Yang, Lieff); Department of Epidemiology (Yang) and Department of Biostatistics (Valeri), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (Neria)
| | - Sarah A Lieff
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Amsalem, Markowitz, Jankowski, Neria, Dixon); Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York (Yang, Lieff); Department of Epidemiology (Yang) and Department of Biostatistics (Valeri), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (Neria)
| | - Yuval Neria
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Amsalem, Markowitz, Jankowski, Neria, Dixon); Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York (Yang, Lieff); Department of Epidemiology (Yang) and Department of Biostatistics (Valeri), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (Neria)
| | - Lisa B Dixon
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York (Amsalem, Markowitz, Jankowski, Neria, Dixon); Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York (Yang, Lieff); Department of Epidemiology (Yang) and Department of Biostatistics (Valeri), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (Neria)
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16
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Arthur YA, Boardman GH, McCann TV. Qualitative process evaluation of a problem-solving and Story-bridge based mental health literacy program with community leaders in Ghana. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2021; 30:683-693. [PMID: 33368929 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Improved knowledge about, and positive attitudes towards, people with mental illness could lead to improved support and decreased stigma for people with mental illness, including their families and carers. The aims of our study were to evaluate the perspectives of community leaders about the usefulness of a cluster randomized trial of a problem-solving and Story-bridge based mental health literacy (MHL) programme and to understand whether they utilized the knowledge acquired from the programme in their usual interactions with people with mental illness and their families. Twenty-five participants were sampled randomly from the intervention cluster of the trial to participate in a qualitative process evaluation, and individual interviews were used to collect data. A thematic analysis of the data was undertaken. Three themes were abstracted from the data, reflecting participants' perspectives about the usefulness of the programme: overcoming fear of perceived dangerousness, increasing willingness to engage, and becoming empathetic and non-judgemental. This qualitative process evaluation offers insights into how a problem-solving and Story-bridge based MHL programme to a targeted group could lead to real and supportive actions/attitudes to people with mental illness. The findings have clinical relevance for a collaboration among family members and caregivers, community leaders and community psychiatric nurses, and other primary healthcare workers to develop community MHL strategies to improve the quality of care, support and life of people with mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaw Amankwa Arthur
- Disciplines of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gayelene H Boardman
- Disciplines of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence V McCann
- Disciplines of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Turning Point, Eastern Health Clinical School, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Arthur YA, Boardman GH, Morgan AJ, McCann TV. Effectiveness of a Problem-Solving, Story-Bridge Mental Health Literacy Programme in Improving Ghanaian Community Leaders' Attitudes towards People with Mental Illness: A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2021; 42:332-345. [PMID: 32877258 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2020.1799273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In Ghana, people with mental disorders commonly experience negative attitudes and discrimination because of deep-rooted public stigma. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of a mental health literacy programme in improving community leaders' attitudes toward people with mental disorders. A cluster randomised controlled trial, comprising an intervention and control group, participated in a 3-hour problem-solving, Story-bridge mental health literacy programme. Data were collected at baseline and 12-week follow-up. The intervention group performed better in most outcome measures at follow-up compared to the control group. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups, in perceived stigma, community mental health ideology (CMHI), and benevolence outcome measures over the two time-points. Overall, the findings suggest that the programme was somewhat effective in improving community leaders' attitudes and who might, subsequently, foster supportive, non-judgemental and empathetic attitudes toward individuals with mental disorders in their communities. There is scope for community psychiatric nurses and other primary health care workers to work with community leaders to increase public awareness of, and favourable attitudes toward, people with mental health problems in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaw Amankwa Arthur
- Discipline of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gayelene H Boardman
- Discipline of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amy J Morgan
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Terence V McCann
- Discipline of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Turning Point, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Australia
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18
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Gorman KS, Brennan KM. Mental Illness Public Stigma and Treatment Seeking among University Students. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE STUDENT PSYCHOTHERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87568225.2021.1891006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly S. Gorman
- Counseling and Psychological Services, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Brennan
- Anthropology & Sociology, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, North Carolina, USA
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19
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Kosyluk K, Marshall J, Conner K, Macias DR, Macias S, Michelle Beekman B, Her J. Challenging the Stigma of Mental Illness Through Creative Storytelling: A Randomized Controlled Trial of This Is My Brave. Community Ment Health J 2021; 57:144-152. [PMID: 32388690 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-020-00625-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This Is My Brave (TIMB) is a contact-based mental illness stigma reduction program set in theaters. A randomized controlled trial of TIMB, compared the effect of TIMB videos to a comparison and control condition video. Pre- and post-surveys (153 adults) assessed mental illness stigma, beliefs about recovery and empowerment, and willingness to seek treatment. Univariate ANCOVAs revealed participants in the TIMB video condition experienced a greater reduction in perceived difference from people with mental illnesses than the comparison and control groups. Participants in the comparison and TIMB video conditions experienced greater reductions in social distance than the control group. Contrary to our hypothesis, participants in the TIMB video condition did not endorse improved beliefs about recovery and empowerment as compared to the comparison and control groups. These findings provide evidence for TIMB as an effective program for stigma reduction, particularly reducing perceived difference from people with mental illnesses and decreasing desired social distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Kosyluk
- Department of Mental Health Law & Policy, College of Behavioral and Community Sciences, The University of South Florida, 13301 Bruce B Downs Blvd, MHC 2735, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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20
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Shahwan S, Lau JH, Goh CMJ, Ong WJ, Tan GTH, Kwok KW, Samari E, Lee YY, Teh WL, Seet V, Chang S, Chong SA, Subramaniam M. The potential impact of an anti-stigma intervention on mental health help-seeking attitudes among university students. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:562. [PMID: 33238951 PMCID: PMC7690018 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02960-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reluctance of young adults to seek mental health treatment has been attributed to poor mental health literacy, stigma, preference for self-reliance and concerns about confidentiality. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential impact of an anti-stigma intervention that includes education about depression, information about help-seeking as well as contact with a person with lived experience, on help seeking attitudes. METHODS A pre-post study design was employed. Changes in help-seeking attitudes were measured using the Inventory of Attitudes towards Seeking Mental Health Services (IASMHS) immediately post-intervention and after 3 months. Sociodemographic data, information on past experiences in the mental health field and contact with people with mental illness were collated. Three hundred ninety university students enrolled in the study. Linear mixed models were used to examine the effects of the intervention. RESULTS Scores on all subscales of the IASMHS, Psychological Openness (PO), Help-seeking Propensity (HP) and Indifference to Stigma improved significantly post-intervention and at 3-month follow-up compared to pre-intervention, with HP demonstrating the highest effect size. However, a significant decline was observed on all three scales at 3-month follow-up compared to post-intervention. Gender, having friends/family with mental illness, and previous experience in the mental health field moderated the intervention effects for the PO and HP subscales. CONCLUSION The study showed that the brief anti-stigma intervention was associated with improvements in help-seeking attitudes among university students with differential effects among certain sub-groups. As the beneficial outcomes appeared to decrease over time, booster sessions or opportunities to participate in mental health-related activities post-intervention may be required to maintain the desired changes in help-seeking attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazana Shahwan
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore.
| | - Jue Hua Lau
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Chong Min Janrius Goh
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Wei Jie Ong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Gregory Tee Hng Tan
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Kian Woon Kwok
- School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ellaisha Samari
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Ying Ying Lee
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Wen Lin Teh
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Vanessa Seet
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Sherilyn Chang
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Mythily Subramaniam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
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21
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Godfrey E, Fuermaier ABM, Tucha L, Butzbach M, Weisbrod M, Aschenbrenner S, Tucha O. Public perceptions of adult ADHD: Indications of stigma? J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 128:993-1008. [PMID: 33241459 PMCID: PMC8295125 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Stigmatization represents a major barrier to treatment seeking across mental disorders. Despite this, stigma research on individual mental disorders remains in its infancy. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults also represents an under-researched area-being far less studied than its child counterpart. This study examined the current state of public perceptions towards adult ADHD. A simulation group consisting of 105 participants performed the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale (WFIRS) and Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales (CAARS) as though they had ADHD. These scores were compared to a group consisting of 98 individuals with adult ADHD and a group of 117 healthy individuals both groups being instructed to complete the WFIRS and CAARS to the best of their abilities. Simulators were found to overestimate impairments in adult ADHD (to a large effect) in the domains of hyperactivity, DSM-IV hyperactivity-impulsivity, DSM-IV total, work, school, (to a medium effect) in family and social, and (to a negligible-small effect) in inattention, impulsivity, DSM-IV inattention, and life skills when compared to the ADHD group, and in all domains (to a large effect) when compared to the control group. Current and retrospective ADHD symptoms were found to be associated with more accurate perceptions in a number of domains. Evidence for the presence of perceptions considered to be stigmatizing was found, with largest effects present in the domains of hyperactivity, impulsivity, impairments at work, school, and engagement in risky behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmet Godfrey
- Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Anselm B M Fuermaier
- Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lara Tucha
- Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marah Butzbach
- Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Weisbrod
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, SRH Clinic Karlsbad-Langensteinbach, Karlsbad, Germany.,Center of Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Aschenbrenner
- Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, SRH Clinic Karlsbad-Langensteinbach, Karlsbad, Germany
| | - Oliver Tucha
- Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
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22
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Waqas A, Malik S, Fida A, Abbas N, Mian N, Miryala S, Amray AN, Shah Z, Naveed S. Interventions to Reduce Stigma Related to Mental Illnesses in Educational Institutes: a Systematic Review. Psychiatr Q 2020; 91:887-903. [PMID: 32372401 PMCID: PMC7395002 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-020-09751-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This investigation reviews the effectiveness of anti-stigma interventions employed at educational institutes; to improve knowledge, attitude and beliefs regarding mental health disorders among students. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist guidelines were followed and protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018114535). Forty four randomized controlled trials were considered eligible after screening of 104 full-text articles against inclusion and exclusion criteria.Several interventions have been employed to tackle stigma toward psychiatric illnesses, including education through lectures and case scenarios, contact-based interventions, and role-plays as strategies to address stigma towards mental illnesses. A high proportion of trials noted that there was a significant improvement for stigma (19/25, 76%), attitude (8/11, 72%), helping-seeking (8/11, 72%), knowledge of mental health including recognition of depression (11/14, 78%), and social distance (4/7, 57%). These interventions also helped in reducing both public and self-stigma. Majority of the studies showed that the anti-stigma interventions were successful in improving mental health literacy, attitude and beliefs towards mental health illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Waqas
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Salma Malik
- Program Director: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Fellowship, Institute of Living/Hartford Healthcare, Hartford, CT USA
| | - Ania Fida
- King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Noureen Abbas
- FMH College of Medicine & Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Mian
- Mental Health Counselor, PICACS, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sadiq Naveed
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, USA
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23
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Kim SY, Suh H, Oh W, Daheim J. Daily change patterns in mindfulness and psychological health: A pilot intervention. J Clin Psychol 2020; 77:496-515. [PMID: 32860443 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the differences in first-year college students' daily change trajectories in subjective happiness, depression, anxiety, stress, and state mindfulness. METHOD A 5-day, online mindfulness-based intervention (MI) condition and stress management (SM) condition were employed in 247 first-year college students. RESULTS Students in both the MI and SM conditions displayed similar significant linear declines in anxiety and stress, but there were significant differences between the two conditions, including: (1) the MI condition showing a significant linear increase in subjective happiness compared with no change in the SM condition and (2) the SM condition showed a significant linear decrease in depression compared to no significant change in the MI condition. CONCLUSION Brief online interventions-whether MI or SM-can promote better mental health and reduce psychological distress. The results also lend support for MI's differential influence on first-year college students' happiness and SM's differential influence on their depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ye Kim
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Hanna Suh
- Psychology and Child & Human Development Academic Group, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wonjung Oh
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Jacob Daheim
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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24
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Subramaniam M, Shahwan S, Abdin E, Goh CMJ, Ong WJ, Tan GTH, Baig N, Samari E, Kwok KW, Chong SA. Advancing Research to Eliminate Mental Illness Stigma: The Design and Evaluation of a Single-Arm Intervention Among University Students in Singapore. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1151. [PMID: 32581957 PMCID: PMC7283943 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-stigma interventions for school and college students have been studied in several countries, but to the best of our knowledge, this has not been addressed in Singapore. The current study was designed to address this lacuna and aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an anti-stigma intervention focusing on depression among university students in Singapore. Methods A one-off intervention comprising education and personal contact with a person with lived experience of depression was carried out in nine consecutive sessions over 6 months (October 2018 to April 2019) among 390 university students. Knowledge of depression and extent of stigma toward mental illness were assessed pre- and post-intervention as well as at 3-month follow-up. Results The intervention was effective in improving depression knowledge (d = 1.09; p < 0.001), as well as reducing social distancing (d = 0.54; p < 0.001) and personal stigma (dangerous/undesirable: d = 0.60; p < 0.001 and weak not sick: d = 0.10; p < 0.033) pre- to post-intervention as well as pre- intervention to 3-month follow-up (p < 0.005). Limitations While 3-month follow-up data indicates favorable medium-term impact on knowledge and stigma; the study lacks long-term follow-up to examine the impact of anti-stigma interventions across time. The data were collected through self-report measures; however, social desirability bias is possible despite the assurances of confidentiality. Conclusion Given the impact of the intervention, there is a need to consider the feasibility, challenges, and enablers of implementation of such interventions into the curriculum of university students to ensure a broader and sustained outreach and stigma reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mythily Subramaniam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shazana Shahwan
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edimansyah Abdin
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Wei Jie Ong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Nawira Baig
- Nursing Department, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ellaisha Samari
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kian Woon Kwok
- School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
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Language of Health of Young Australian Adults: A Qualitative Exploration of Perceptions of Health, Wellbeing and Health Promotion via Online Conversations. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040887. [PMID: 32218118 PMCID: PMC7230216 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Young adults (YA) are in a critical stage of life for the encouragement of healthy behaviours such as healthy eating and exercising. This research explored Australian YA values and perceptions related to health, healthy behaviours and health promotion efforts. This qualitative analysis involved n = 166, Australian 18–24 year-olds recruited through a market research field house. Participants (63% currently studying at tertiary level) engaged in a facilitated in-depth online conversation around health and healthy eating over four weeks. LeximancerTM and manual inductive thematic coding were utilised for analysis via the lens of emerging adulthood and health communication theories. Health was seen as multi-faceted, with particular importance placed on mental health and exercise. Some participants focussed on physical appearance, often fuelled by comparison to others. Many believed that at their age and health status, adopting health-enhancing behaviours without short-term tangible benefits was not a priority. Participants did not prioritise health-enhancing behaviours due to barriers such as a perceived lack of money, knowledge and time often due to studying or working and perceived effort. Strategies they proposed to encourage healthy eating included: incentivising healthy food; quick and affordable healthy recipes; and communicating the short-term tangible benefits of healthy behaviours. There is a need for focussed health messaging that address the needs and desires of YA and directly address the barriers they face.
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Kosyluk KA, Conner KO, Al-Khouja M, Bink A, Buchholz B, Ellefson S, Fokuo K, Goldberg D, Kraus D, Leon A, Powell K, Schmidt A, Michaels P, Corrigan PW. Factors predicting help seeking for mental illness among college students. J Ment Health 2020; 30:300-307. [DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2020.1739245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin A. Kosyluk
- Department of Mental Health Law and Policy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kyaien O. Conner
- Department of Mental Health Law and Policy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Maya Al-Khouja
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrea Bink
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Blythe Buchholz
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah Ellefson
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Konadu Fokuo
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Goldberg
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dana Kraus
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Adeline Leon
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karina Powell
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Patrick Michaels
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Department, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Patrick W. Corrigan
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
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Hughes SL, Romo LK. An Exploration of How Individuals with an Ostomy Communicatively Manage Uncertainty. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2020; 35:375-383. [PMID: 30632813 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2018.1563850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with an ostomy (a surgical diversion of part of the digestive tract through the abdomen) face a variety of uncertainties, due to the chronic and anatomy-altering nature of living with an ostomy, as well as the perceived stigma attached to having one. However, little is known about how these individuals negotiate uncertainty, and more specifically, how they manage the information they receive and disclose in the uncertainty management process. Thus, through 21 semi-structured interviews of individuals with an ostomy and the use of Uncertainty Management Theory as a theoretical framework, the current study found individuals with an ostomy attempted to negotiate uncertainty by managing information received and disclosed and by adapting to chronic uncertainty. This investigation recommends practical applications for medical professionals, supportive others, patients with an ostomy, as well as future surgical candidates to help manage uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lynsey K Romo
- Department of Communication, North Carolina State University
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Goodwill JR, Zhou S. Association between perceived public stigma and suicidal behaviors among college students of color in the U.S. J Affect Disord 2020; 262:1-7. [PMID: 31693973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is the 2nd leading cause of death among college students and 10 to 34-year-olds in the U.S. While rates of suicide among young people of color have increased, less is known about factors that contribute to suicidality among racial minority students who are sorely underrepresented within existing research. Thus, we sought to explore the association between perceived public stigma of receiving mental health treatment and suicidality among Black, Asian Domestic, Asian International, Latinx, Multiracial, Arab/Arab American, American Indian/Alaska Native, and White college students. METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional survey responses from racially diverse sample of 153, 635 college students who participated in the Healthy Minds Study from years 2007-2018. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations between perceived public stigma and suicide ideation, suicide planning, and suicide attempt. RESULTS Perceived public stigma was significantly associated with greater odds of suicide ideation, planning, and attempt. Odds of having attempted suicide within the past year were significantly greater among Asian International and Black college students. Sexual minority students broadly, and bisexual students specifically, were also at elevated risk for suicidal behavior. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional survey responses were assessed and causality cannot be determined. CONCLUSIONS Students who endorsed more perceived public stigma also reported significantly greater odds of having experienced suicide ideation, planning, and attempt within the past 12 months. Subsequent interventions should account for concerns surrounding public perceptions of stigma when working to prevent suicide among students of color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle R Goodwill
- University of Michigan School of Social Work, Ann Arbor, MI USA; University of Michigan Department of Psychology, Ann Arbor, MI USA.
| | - Sasha Zhou
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Health Management and Policy, Ann Arbor, MI USA
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Leppin N, Nagelschmidt K, Koch M, Riera-Knorrenschild J, Seifart C, Rief W, Barke A, von Blanckenburg P. Cancer patient utilisation of psychological care in Germany: The role of attitudes towards seeking help. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2019; 28:e13165. [PMID: 31571288 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Even if significantly distressed, many patients with cancer do not seek psychological help. There is growing evidence that attitudes are central barriers for help-seeking, and instruments to assess cancer patients' attitudes towards help-seeking are urgently needed. This study aimed to evaluate the German Attitudes towards Seeking Help after Cancer Scale (ASHCa-G) and investigated the relationship between patients' attitudes and psychological care utilisation. METHODS The ASHCa-G was presented to 270 patients with cancer (age 63.0 ± 12.7 years, 44.8% women). Item analyses, principal component analysis and associations with age, social support, help-seeking intention and psychological care utilisation were calculated. A hierarchical logistic regression was performed to ascertain the leading role of attitudes in explaining psychological care utilisation. RESULTS Principal component analysis supported a two-component solution, which showed good internal consistency for the positive attitudes (α = 0.80) and negative attitudes (α = 0.75) subscales. The associations with age, distress and help-seeking intention confirmed the validity of the ASHCa-G. Positive attitudes explained most variance of cancer patients' current psychological care utilisation. CONCLUSION The ASHCa-G seems to be a reliable and valid questionnaire for assessing attitudes towards seeking psychological help among patients with cancer. Clinical practice might profit from identifying attitudinal barriers that hinder patients with cancer from seeking psychological help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Leppin
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Martin Koch
- Institutional Review Board, Clinical Ethics, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jorge Riera-Knorrenschild
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carola Seifart
- Institutional Review Board, Clinical Ethics, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Rief
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Barke
- Catholic University Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Eichstätt, Germany
| | - Pia von Blanckenburg
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Ashton J. Positive Mental Health – A Whole School Approach. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC MENTAL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/jpmh-09-2019-086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
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Kaparounaki CK, Koraka CA, Kotsi ES, Ntziovara AMP, Kyriakidis GC, Fountoulakis KN. Greek university student's attitudes and beliefs concerning mental illness and its treatment. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2019; 65:515-526. [PMID: 31311387 DOI: 10.1177/0020764019864122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stigma concerning mental disorder is a widespread phenomenon concerning the beliefs and attitudes of the public toward mental patients with a significant negative impact on state policy and the outcome of the patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 1,363 students of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. The survey was based on an Internet-based electronic platform. The statistical analysis included analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Yates corrected chi-square test. RESULTS Approximately, 87% of students responded that they know what mental disorder is, 70% were informed from the Internet, 30% consider mental patients responsible for their condition, more than 95% blame the way they were raised and almost 60% consider mental disorder to be heritable. Only a minority feel negatively with a mental patient around and close to 80% would socialize with them. More than 80% accept the need for psychiatric medication treatment but the opinion is split concerning compulsory treatment, and one-third consider medication to be harmful. DISCUSSION The results of this study suggest that most students believe they know much about mental illness; however, overall their responses are contradictory. They reply with confidence although they are informed mainly by the media and the Internet in an unreliable way. A number of factors including gender, specific school or personal experience of mental disorder in the family seem to influence the result. A combined educational plus contact might be necessary to reduce stigma, since education alone seems to exert a weak effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysi K Kaparounaki
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chrysoula A Koraka
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni S Kotsi
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna-Maria P Ntziovara
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gerasimos C Kyriakidis
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos N Fountoulakis
- 2 3rd Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Sari SP, Yuliastuti E. Investigation of attitudes toward mental illness among nursing students in Indonesia. Int J Nurs Sci 2018; 5:414-418. [PMID: 31406857 PMCID: PMC6626300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective People with mental illness (PMI) are often stigmatized or experience negative attitudes from society. In particular, nursing students’ attitudes toward PMI will influence the quality of care these patients receive. Some factors influencing attitudes toward PMI among nursing students have been identified. The present study aimed to examine factors influencing attitudes toward mental illness among nursing students in Indonesia. Methods Nursing students (n = 317) were assessed for attitudes toward mental illness using the Community Attitude toward the Mentally Ill questionnaire. Details regarding sociodemographic variables (age, gender, ethnicity, year of study, monthly family income, personal experience with mental illness, family history of mental illness, and knowing or having direct contact with PMI) and knowledge about mental illness by using Mental Health Knowledge Schedule questionnaire were also obtained. Results The mean Community Attitude toward the Mentally Ill questionnaire score was 103.75 ± 9.15, with the highest mean of the four subscales being that of authoritarianism 27.97 ± 2.87 followed by social restrictiveness, community mental health ideology, and benevolence 27.52 ± 3.68, 24.38 ± 3.80, and 23.89 ± 3.27, respectively. The factors significantly associated with nursing students’ attitudes toward mental illness were age (r = −0.18, P = 0.001), year of study (H = 16.65, P < 0.001), knowing or having direct contact with PMI (Z = −2.35, P = 0.019), and knowledge of mental illness (r = −0.22, P < 0.001). Conclusions Several demographic variables, direct contact with PMI, and level of knowledge about mental illness can contribute to variations in attitudes toward PMI among nursing students in Indonesia. Education and direct contact with PMI serve as intervention strategies to reduce negative attitudes and stigma associated with mental illness among nursing students.
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Morgan AJ, Reavley NJ, Ross A, Too LS, Jorm AF. Interventions to reduce stigma towards people with severe mental illness: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 103:120-133. [PMID: 29843003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This review evaluates the evidence on what interventions are effective in reducing public stigma towards people with severe mental illness, defined as schizophrenia, psychosis or bipolar disorder. We included 62 randomised controlled trials of contact interventions, educational interventions, mixed contact and education, family psychoeducation programs, and hallucination simulations. Contact interventions led to small-to-medium reductions in stigmatising attitudes (d = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.22 to 0.55) and desire for social distance (d = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.80) post-intervention, but these were reduced after adjusting for publication bias (d = 0.24 and d = 0.40, respectively). Effects did not vary by type or length of contact. Effects at follow-up were smaller and not significant. Education interventions led to small-to-medium reductions in stigmatising attitudes (d = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.47) and desire for social distance (d = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.46) post-intervention. Small improvements in social distance persisted up to 6 months later (d = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.49), but not attitudes (d = 0.03, 95% CI: -0.12 to 0.18). The combination of contact and education showed similar effects to those that presented either intervention alone, and head-to-head comparisons did not show a clear advantage for either kind of intervention. Family psychoeducation programs showed reductions in stigma post-intervention (d = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.70). The effectiveness of hallucination simulations was mixed. In conclusion, contact interventions and educational interventions have small-to-medium immediate effects upon stigma, but further research is required to investigate how to sustain benefits in the longer-term, and to understand the active ingredients of interventions to maximise their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Morgan
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Nicola J Reavley
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Ross
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lay San Too
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony F Jorm
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Contextualizing public stigma: Endorsed mental health treatment stigma on college and university campuses. Soc Sci Med 2018; 197:183-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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