1
|
Oh S, Kim S, Lee JE, Park BY, Hye Won J, Park H. Multimodal analysis of disease onset in Alzheimer's disease using Connectome, Molecular, and genetics data. Neuroimage Clin 2024; 43:103660. [PMID: 39197213 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its related age at onset (AAO) are highly heterogeneous, due to the inherent complexity of the disease. They are affected by multiple factors, such as neuroimaging and genetic predisposition. Multimodal integration of various data types is necessary; however, it has been nontrivial due to the high dimensionality of each modality. We aimed to identify multimodal biomarkers of AAO in AD using an extended version of sparse canonical correlation analysis, in which we integrated two imaging modalities, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), and genetic data in the form of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained from the Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative database. These three modalities cover low-to-high-level complementary information and offer multiscale insights into the AAO. We identified multivariate markers of AAO in AD using fMRI, PET, and SNP. Furthermore, the markers identified were largely consistent with those reported in the existing literature. In particular, our serial mediation analysis suggests that genetic variants influence the AAO in AD by indirectly affecting brain connectivity by mediation of amyloid-beta protein accumulation, supporting a plausible path in existing research. Our approach provides comprehensive biomarkers related to AAO in AD and offers novel multimodal insights into AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sewook Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghun Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Artificial Intelligence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Yong Park
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Won
- Department of Computer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Artificial Intelligence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Di Stolfo G, Mastroianno S, Soldato N, Massaro RS, De Luca G, Seripa D, Urbano M, Gravina C, Greco A, Siena P, Ciccone MM, Guaricci AI, Forleo C, Carella M, Potenza DR. The Role of TOMM40 in Cardiovascular Mortality and Conduction Disorders: An Observational Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3177. [PMID: 38892888 PMCID: PMC11172937 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13113177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims: TOMM40 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2075650 consists of allelic variation c.275-31A > G and it has been linked to Alzheimer disease, apolipoprotein and cholesterol levels and other risk factors. However, data on its role in cardiovascular disorders are lacking. The first aim of the study is to evaluate mortality according to TOMM40 genotype in a cohort of selected patients affected by advanced atherosclerosis. Second aim was to investigate the relationship between Xg and AA alleles and the presence of conduction disorders and implantation of defibrillator (ICD) or pacemaker (PM) in our cohort. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 276 patients (mean age 70.16 ± 7.96 years) affected by hemodynamic significant carotid stenosis and/or ischemia of the lower limbs of II or III stadium Fontaine. We divided the population into two groups according to the genotype (Xg and AA carriers). We evaluated several electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters, including heart rate, rhythm, presence of right and left bundle branch block (LBBB and RBBB), PR interval, QRS duration and morphology, QTc interval, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). We clinically followed these patients for 82.53 ± 30.02 months and we evaluated the incidence of cardiovascular events, number of deaths and PM/ICD implantations. Results: We did not find a difference in total mortality between Xg and AA carriers (16.3 % vs. 19.4%; p = 0.62). However, we found a higher mortality for fatal cardiovascular events in Xg carriers (8.2% vs. 4.4%; HR = 4.53, 95% CI 1.179-17.367; p = 0.04) with respect to AA carriers. We noted a higher percentage of LBBB in Xg carriers (10.2% vs. 3.1%, p = 0.027), which was statistically significant. Presence of right bundle branch block (RBBB) was also higher in Xg (10.2% vs. 4.4%, p = 0.10), but without reaching statistically significant difference compared to AA patients. We did not observe significant differences in heart rate, presence of sinus rhythm, number of device implantations, PR and QTc intervals, QRS duration and LVEF between the two groups. At the time of enrolment, we observed a tendency for device implant in Xg carriers at a younger age compared to AA carriers (58.50 ± 0.71 y vs. 72.14 ± 11.11 y, p = 0.10). During the follow-up, we noted no statistical difference for new device implantations in Xg respect to AA carriers (8.2% vs. 3.5%; HR = 2.384, 95% CI 0.718-7.922; p = 0.156). The tendency to implant Xg at a younger age compared to AA patients was confirmed during follow-up, but without reaching a significant difference(69.50 ± 2.89 y vs. 75.63 ± 8.35 y, p = 0.074). Finally, we pointed out that Xg carriers underwent device implantation 7.27 ± 4.43 years before AA (65.83 ± 6.11 years vs. 73.10 ± 10.39 years) and that difference reached a statistically significant difference (p = 0.049) when we considered all patients, from enrollment to follow-up. Conclusions: In our study we observed that TOMM40 Xg patients affected by advanced atherosclerosis have a higher incidence of developing fatal cardiovascular events, higher incidence of LBBB and an earlier age of PM or ICD implantations, as compared to AA carriers. Further studies will be needed to evaluate the genomic contribution of TOMM40 SNPs to cardiovascular deaths and cardiac conduction diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Stolfo
- Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy; (S.M.); (R.S.M.); (G.D.L.); (D.R.P.)
| | - Sandra Mastroianno
- Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy; (S.M.); (R.S.M.); (G.D.L.); (D.R.P.)
| | - Nicolò Soldato
- University Cardiology Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Policlinic University Hospital, 70124 Bari, BA, Italy; (N.S.); (P.S.); (M.M.C.); (A.I.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Raimondo Salvatore Massaro
- Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy; (S.M.); (R.S.M.); (G.D.L.); (D.R.P.)
| | - Giovanni De Luca
- Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy; (S.M.); (R.S.M.); (G.D.L.); (D.R.P.)
| | - Davide Seripa
- Complex Structure of Geriatrics, Medical Sciences Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy; (D.S.); (M.U.); (C.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Maria Urbano
- Complex Structure of Geriatrics, Medical Sciences Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy; (D.S.); (M.U.); (C.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Carolina Gravina
- Complex Structure of Geriatrics, Medical Sciences Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy; (D.S.); (M.U.); (C.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Antonio Greco
- Complex Structure of Geriatrics, Medical Sciences Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy; (D.S.); (M.U.); (C.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Paola Siena
- University Cardiology Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Policlinic University Hospital, 70124 Bari, BA, Italy; (N.S.); (P.S.); (M.M.C.); (A.I.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Marco Matteo Ciccone
- University Cardiology Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Policlinic University Hospital, 70124 Bari, BA, Italy; (N.S.); (P.S.); (M.M.C.); (A.I.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Andrea Igoren Guaricci
- University Cardiology Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Policlinic University Hospital, 70124 Bari, BA, Italy; (N.S.); (P.S.); (M.M.C.); (A.I.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Cinzia Forleo
- University Cardiology Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Policlinic University Hospital, 70124 Bari, BA, Italy; (N.S.); (P.S.); (M.M.C.); (A.I.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Massimo Carella
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy;
| | - Domenico Rosario Potenza
- Cardiovascular Department, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy; (S.M.); (R.S.M.); (G.D.L.); (D.R.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Honea RA, Hunt S, Lepping RJ, Vidoni ED, Morris JK, Watts A, Michaelis E, Burns JM, Swerdlow RH. Alzheimer's disease cortical morphological phenotypes are associated with TOMM40'523-APOE haplotypes. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 132:131-144. [PMID: 37804609 PMCID: PMC10763175 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Both the APOE ε4 and TOMM40 rs10524523 ("523") genes have been associated with risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and neuroimaging biomarkers of AD. No studies have investigated the relationship of TOMM40'523-APOE ε4 on the structural complexity of the brain in AD individuals. We quantified brain morphology and multiple cortical attributes in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD, then tested whether APOE ε4 or TOMM40 poly-T genotypes were related to AD morphological biomarkers in cognitively unimpaired (CU) and MCI/AD individuals. We identified several AD-specific phenotypes in brain morphology and found that TOMM40 poly-T short alleles are associated with early, AD-specific brain morphological differences in healthy aging. We observed decreased cortical thickness, sulcal depth, and fractal dimension in CU individuals with the poly-T short alleles. Moreover, in MCI/AD participants, the APOE ε4 (TOMM40 L) individuals had a higher rate of gene-related morphological markers indicative of AD. Our data suggest that TOMM40'523 is associated with early brain structure variations in the precuneus, temporal, and limbic cortices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robyn A Honea
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | - Suzanne Hunt
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Rebecca J Lepping
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA; Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Eric D Vidoni
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jill K Morris
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Amber Watts
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Elias Michaelis
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Burns
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Russell H Swerdlow
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Corley J, Conte F, Harris SE, Taylor AM, Redmond P, Russ TC, Deary IJ, Cox SR. Predictors of longitudinal cognitive ageing from age 70 to 82 including APOE e4 status, early-life and lifestyle factors: the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1256-1271. [PMID: 36481934 PMCID: PMC10005946 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01900-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Discovering why some people's cognitive abilities decline more than others is a key challenge for cognitive ageing research. The most effective strategy may be to address multiple risk factors from across the life-course simultaneously in relation to robust longitudinal cognitive data. We conducted a 12-year follow-up of 1091 (at age 70) men and women from the longitudinal Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 study. Comprehensive repeated cognitive measures of visuospatial ability, processing speed, memory, verbal ability, and a general cognitive factor were collected over five assessments (age 70, 73, 76, 79, and 82 years) and analysed using multivariate latent growth curve modelling. Fifteen life-course variables were used to predict variation in cognitive ability levels at age 70 and cognitive slopes from age 70 to 82. Only APOE e4 carrier status was found to be reliably informative of general- and domain-specific cognitive decline, despite there being many life-course correlates of cognitive level at age 70. APOE e4 carriers had significantly steeper slopes across all three fluid cognitive domains compared with non-carriers, especially for memory (β = -0.234, p < 0.001) and general cognitive function (β = -0.246, p < 0.001), denoting a widening gap in cognitive functioning with increasing age. Our findings suggest that when many other candidate predictors of cognitive ageing slope are entered en masse, their unique contributions account for relatively small proportions of variance, beyond variation in APOE e4 status. We conclude that APOE e4 status is important for identifying those at greater risk for accelerated cognitive ageing, even among ostensibly healthy individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janie Corley
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Federica Conte
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adele M Taylor
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul Redmond
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tom C Russ
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yu MC, Chuang YF, Wu SC, Ho CF, Liu YC, Chou CJ. White matter hyperintensities in cholinergic pathways are associated with dementia severity in e4 carriers but not in non-carriers. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1100322. [PMID: 36864910 PMCID: PMC9971995 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1100322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Among individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD), APOE e4 carriers with increased white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) may selectively be at increased risk of cognitive impairment. Given that the cholinergic system plays a crucial role in cognitive impairment, this study aimed to identify how APOE status modulates the associations between dementia severity and white matter hyperintensities in cholinergic pathways. Methods From 2018 to 2022, we recruited participants (APOE e4 carriers, n = 49; non-carriers, n = 117) from the memory clinic of Cardinal Tien Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Participants underwent brain MRI, neuropsychological testing, and APOE genotyping. In this study, we applied the visual rating scale of the Cholinergic Pathways Hyperintensities Scale (CHIPS) to evaluate WMHs in cholinergic pathways compared with the Fazekas scale. Multiple regression was used to assess the influence of CHIPS score and APOE carrier status on dementia severity based on Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB). Results After adjusting for age, education and sex, higher CHIPS scores tended to be associated with higher CDR-SB in APOE e4 carriers but not in the non-carrier group. Conclusions Carriers and non-carriers present distinct associations between dementia severity and WMHs in cholinergic pathways. In APOE e4 carriers, increased white matter in cholinergic pathways are associated with greater dementia severity. In non-carriers, WMHs exhibit less predictive roles for clinical dementia severity. WMHs on the cholinergic pathway may have a different impact on APOE e4 carriers vs. non-carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chun Yu
- Department of Neurology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Chuang
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ching Wu
- Department of Neurology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Feng Ho
- Department of Radiology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chien Liu
- Department of Neurology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan,Medical School of Fu-Jen University, New Taipei City, Taiwan,Geriatric Behavioral Neurology Project, Tohoku University New Industry Hatchery Center (NICHe), Sendai, Japan,*Correspondence: Yi-Chien Liu ✉
| | - Chia-Ju Chou
- Department of Neurology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kalra J. Crosslink between mutations in mitochondrial genes and brain disorders: implications for mitochondrial-targeted therapeutic interventions. Neural Regen Res 2023. [PMID: 35799515 PMCID: PMC9241418 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.343884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
|
7
|
Mammarella N, Gatti M, Ceccato I, Di Crosta A, Di Domenico A, Palumbo R. The Protective Role of Neurogenetic Components in Reducing Stress-Related Effects during Spaceflights: Evidence from the Age-Related Positive Memory Approach. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081176. [PMID: 36013355 PMCID: PMC9410359 DOI: 10.3390/life12081176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fighting stress-related effects during spaceflight is crucial for a successful mission. Emotional, motivational, and cognitive mechanisms have already been shown to be involved in the decrease of negative emotions. However, emerging evidence is pointing to a neurogenetic profile that may render some individuals more prone than others to focusing on positive information in memory and increasing affective health. The relevance for adaptation to the space environment and the interaction with other stressors such as ionizing radiations is discussed. In particular, to clarify this approach better, we will draw from the psychology and aging literature data. Subsequently, we report on studies on candidate genes for sensitivity to positive memories. We review work on the following candidate genes that may be crucial in adaptation mechanisms: ADRA2B, COMT, 5HTTLPR, CB1, and TOMM40. The final aim is to show how the study of genetics and cell biology of positive memory can help us to reveal the underlying bottom-up pathways to also increasing positive effects during a space mission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Mammarella
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Health and Territory, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.G.); (A.D.C.); (A.D.D.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Matteo Gatti
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Health and Territory, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.G.); (A.D.C.); (A.D.D.); (R.P.)
| | - Irene Ceccato
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Adolfo Di Crosta
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Health and Territory, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.G.); (A.D.C.); (A.D.D.); (R.P.)
| | - Alberto Di Domenico
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Health and Territory, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.G.); (A.D.C.); (A.D.D.); (R.P.)
| | - Rocco Palumbo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Health and Territory, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.G.); (A.D.C.); (A.D.D.); (R.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Behl T, Kaur I, Sehgal A, Singh S, Albarrati A, Albratty M, Najmi A, Meraya AM, Bungau S. The road to precision medicine: Eliminating the "One Size Fits All" approach in Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113337. [PMID: 35780617 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The expeditious advancement of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a threat to the global healthcare system, that is further supplemented by therapeutic failure. The prevalence of this disorder has been expected to quadrupole by 2050, thereby exerting a tremendous economic pressure on medical sector, worldwide. Thus, there is a dire need of a change in conventional approaches and adopt a novel methodology of disease prevention, treatment and diagnosis. Precision medicine offers a personalized approach to disease management, It is dependent upon genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors associated with the individual, aiding to develop tailored therapeutics. Precision Medicine Initiatives are launched, worldwide, to facilitate the integration of personalized models and clinical medicine. The review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the neuroinflammatory processes causing AD, giving a brief overview of the disease interventions. This is further followed by the role of precision medicine in AD, constituting the genetic perspectives, operation of personalized form of medicine and optimization of clinical trials with the 3 R's, showcasing an in-depth understanding of this novel approach in varying aspects of the healthcare industry, to provide an opportunity to the global AD researchers to elucidate suitable therapeutic regimens in clinically and pathologically complex diseases, like AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Ali Albarrati
- Rehabilitation Health Sciences College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Najmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim M Meraya
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania; Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Genetic Variants and Haplotypes of TOMM40, APOE, and APOC1 are Related to the Age of Onset of Late-onset Alzheimer Disease in a Colombian Population. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2022; 36:29-35. [PMID: 35149606 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is the main risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD). Genetic variants and haplotypes in regions near the APOE locus may be associated with LOAD in the Colombian population. OBJECTIVE We evaluated frequencies and risk of genetic variants and haplotypes in APOE, TOMM40, and APOC1 promoters, also in putative regulatory enhancer elements (TOMM40 IVS2-4 and TOMM40 IVS6), and in cis-regulatory elements (ME1 and BCR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Our case-control association study was carried out in 50 patients with LOAD and 50 controls. We determined frequencies and odd ratios for genetic variants and haplotypes. RESULTS We found a significant association between LOAD and genetic variants at the TOMM40 promoter, at TOMM40 IVS2-4 and TOMM40 IVS6 regulatory enhancer elements, and at the APOC1 promoter. Particularly, variants of Poly-T and APOC1 promoter could anticipate the age of onset of LOAD in our population. We identified three risk haplotypes in TOMM40 (ACGGAG, ACGGGG, and ATAGGC) related to LOAD's age of onset. We also found other risk or protection haplotypes at the TOMM40 and APOE promoters, at TOMM40 IVS2-4, TOMM40 IVS6 regulatory enhancer elements, and at ME1. CONCLUSION Genetic variants and haplotypes near the APOE locus are related to LOAD risk and accelerated onset of LOAD in the Colombian population.
Collapse
|
10
|
Balaji S. The transferred translocases: An old wine in a new bottle. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:1587-1610. [PMID: 34324237 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of translocases was underappreciated and was not included as a separate class in the enzyme commission until August 2018. The recent research interests in proteomics of orphan enzymes, ionomics, and metallomics along with high-throughput sequencing technologies generated overwhelming data and revamped this enzyme into a separate class. This offers a great opportunity to understand the role of new or orphan enzymes in general and specifically translocases. The enzymes belonging to translocases regulate/permeate the transfer of ions or molecules across the membranes. These enzyme entries were previously associated with other enzyme classes, which are now transferred to a new enzyme class 7 (EC 7). The entries that are reclassified are important to extend the enzyme list, and it is the need of the hour. Accordingly, there is an upgradation of entries of this class of enzymes in several databases. This review is a concise compilation of translocases with reference to the number of entries currently available in the databases. This review also focuses on function as well as dysfunction of translocases during normal and disordered states, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Balaji
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576 104, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
TOMM40 '523' poly-T repeat length is a determinant of longitudinal cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease. NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 7:56. [PMID: 34234128 PMCID: PMC8263775 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 (TOMM40) ‘523’ polymorphism has previously been associated with age of Alzheimer’s disease onset and cognitive functioning in non-pathological ageing, but has not been explored as a candidate risk marker for cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Therefore, this longitudinal study investigated the role of the ‘523’ variant in cognitive decline in a patient cohort from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative. As such, a group of 368 people with PD were assessed annually for cognitive performance using multiple neuropsychological protocols, and were genotyped for the TOMM40 ‘523’ variant using whole-genome sequencing data. Covariate-adjusted generalised linear mixed models were utilised to examine the relationship between TOMM40 ‘523’ allele lengths and cognitive scores, while taking into account the APOE ε genotype. Cognitive scores declined over the 5-year study period and were lower in males than in females. When accounting for APOE ε4, the TOMM40 ‘523’ variant was not robustly associated with overall cognitive performance. However, in APOE ε3/ε3 carriers, who accounted for ~60% of the whole cohort, carriage of shorter ‘523’ alleles was associated with more severe cognitive decline in both sexes, while carriage of the longer alleles in females were associated with better preservation of global cognition and a number of cognitive sub-domains, and with a delay in progression to dementia. The findings indicate that when taken in conjunction with the APOE genotype, TOMM40 ‘523’ allele length is a significant independent determinant and marker for the trajectory of cognitive decline and risk of dementia in PD.
Collapse
|
12
|
TOMM40 RNA Transcription in Alzheimer's Disease Brain and Its Implication in Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060871. [PMID: 34204109 PMCID: PMC8226536 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the Translocase of Outer Mitochondria Membrane 40 (TOMM40) gene may contribute to the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Currently, there is no consensus as to whether TOMM40 expression is up- or down-regulated in AD brains, hindering a clear interpretation of TOMM40’s role in this disease. The aim of this study was to determine if TOMM40 RNA levels differ between AD and control brains. We applied RT-qPCR to study TOMM40 transcription in human postmortem brain (PMB) and assessed associations of these RNA levels with genetic variants in APOE and TOMM40. We also compared TOMM40 RNA levels with mitochondrial functions in human cell lines. Initially, we found that the human genome carries multiple TOMM40 pseudogenes capable of producing highly homologous RNAs that can obscure precise TOMM40 RNA measurements. To circumvent this obstacle, we developed a novel RNA expression assay targeting the primary transcript of TOMM40. Using this assay, we showed that TOMM40 RNA was upregulated in AD PMB. Additionally, elevated TOMM40 RNA levels were associated with decreases in mitochondrial DNA copy number and mitochondrial membrane potential in oxidative stress-challenged cells. Overall, differential transcription of TOMM40 RNA in the brain is associated with AD and could be an indicator of mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhu Z, Yang Y, Xiao Z, Zhao Q, Wu W, Liang X, Luo J, Cao Y, Shao M, Guo Q, Ding D. TOMM40 and APOE variants synergistically increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease in a Chinese population. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:1667-1675. [PMID: 32725468 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01661-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is a strong risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Caucasian and African American populations. It suggests that other genetic factors may modulate AD pathogenesis in Chinese populations, among which the frequency of this allele is reduced but the AD prevalence is maintained. The translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 (TOMM40), which is located adjacent to APOE, may play an APOE-dependent role in modulating AD pathogenesis. AIMS This work aimed to investigate whether TOMM40 polymorphisms modulate AD risk independently of, or in conjunction with APOE polymorphisms in Chinese populations. METHODS We conducted a case-control study including 834 patients with AD recruited from the Memory Clinic and 643 cognitively normal participants recruited from the community. The Taqman SNP method was used for APOE genotyping, while TOMM40 polymorphism genotyping was conducted via a polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction. RESULTS The TOMM40 rs10119 and rs71352238 alleles were associated with AD independently of the patient APOE status. The rs10119 AA genotype and rs71352238 CC genotype were risk genotypes of AD. Individuals carrying a TOMM40 rs10119 GG/APOE ε4+ (OR, 3.73; 95% CI 1.49-9.37; P = 0.005), TOMM40 rs10119 AG/APOE ε4+ (OR, 4.16; 95% CI 3.30-5.24; P < 0.001), or TOMM40 rs10119 AA/APOE ε4+ (OR, 14.78; 95% CI 8.56-25.54; P < 0.001) genotype exhibited a significantly higher AD risk. Those carrying a TOMM40 rs71352238 TT/APOE ε4+ (OR, 3.82; 95% CI 2.32-6.29; P < 0.001), TOMM40 rs71352238 CT/APOE ε4+ (OR, 4.40; 95% CI 3.46-5.56; P < 0.001), or TOMM40 rs71352238 CC/APOE ε4+ (OR, 14.02; 95% CI 7.81-25.17; P < 0.001) genotype also exhibited a significantly increased AD risk. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This study provides invaluable insights into the mechanisms underlying the prevalence of AD in Chinese populations, and supports that simultaneous TOMM40 and APOE genotyping in the clinical setting may identify individuals at high risk of developing AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhu
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Guanghan Personal Health Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenxu Xiao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianhua Zhao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoniu Liang
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Luo
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Minhua Shao
- Guanghan Personal Health Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihao Guo
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding Ding
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging Diseases, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Prendecki M, Kowalska M, Toton E, Kozubski W. Genetic Editing and Pharmacogenetics in Current And Future Therapy Of Neurocognitive Disorders. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 17:238-258. [PMID: 32321403 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666200422152440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dementia is an important issue in western societies, and in the following years, this problem will also rise in the developing regions, such as Africa and Asia. The most common types of dementia in adults are Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) and Vascular Dementia (VaD), of which, AD accounts for more than half of the cases. The most prominent symptom of AD is cognitive impairment, currently treated with four drugs: Donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine, enhancing cholinergic transmission; as well as memantine, protecting neurons against glutamate excitotoxicity. Despite ongoing efforts, no new drugs in the treatment of AD have been registered for the last ten years, thus multiple studies have been conducted on genetic factors affecting the efficacy of antidementia pharmacotherapy. The researchers investigate the effects of variants in multiple genes, such as ABCB1, ACE, CHAT, CHRNA7, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, NR1I2, NR1I3, POR, PPAR, RXR, SLC22A1/2/5, SLC47A1, UGT1A6, UGT1A9 and UGT2B7, associated with numerous pathways: the development of pathological proteins, formation and metabolism of acetylcholine, transport, metabolism and excretion of antidementia drugs and transcription factors regulating the expression of genes responsible for metabolism and transport of drugs. The most promising results have been demonstrated for APOE E4, dementia risk variant, BCHE-K, reduced butyrylcholinesterase activity variant, and CYP2D6 UM, ultrarapid hepatic metabolism. Further studies investigate the possibilities of the development of emerging drugs or genetic editing by CRISPR/Cas9 for causative treatment. In conclusion, the pharmacogenetic studies on dementia diseases may improve the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in some patients with beneficial genetic variants, at the same time, identifying the carriers of unfavorable alleles, the potential group of novel approaches to the treatment and prevention of dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Prendecki
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Kowalska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Toton
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Association between APOE e4 and white matter hyperintensity volume, but not total brain volume or white matter integrity. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:1468-1476. [PMID: 30903549 PMCID: PMC7572345 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (APOE) e4 genotype is an accepted risk factor for accelerated cognitive aging and dementia, though its neurostructural substrates are unclear. The deleterious effects of this genotype on brain structure may increase in magnitude into older age. This study aimed to investigate in UK Biobank the association between APOE e4 allele presence vs. absence and brain imaging variables that have been associated with worse cognitive abilities; and whether this association varies by cross-sectional age. We used brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and genetic data from a general-population cohort: the UK Biobank (N = 8395 after exclusions). We adjusted for the covariates of age in years, sex, Townsend social deprivation scores, smoking history and cardiometabolic diseases. There was a statistically significant association between APOE e4 genotype and increased (i.e. worse) white matter (WM) hyperintensity volumes (standardised beta = 0.088, 95% confidence intervals = 0.036 to 0.139, P = 0.001), a marker of poorer cerebrovascular health. There were no associations with left or right hippocampal, total grey matter (GM) or WM volumes, or WM tract integrity indexed by fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). There were no statistically significant interactions with age. Future research in UK Biobank utilising intermediate phenotypes and longitudinal imaging hold significant promise for this area, particularly pertaining to APOE e4’s potential link with cerebrovascular contributions to cognitive aging.
Collapse
|
16
|
Bakeberg MC, Hoes ME, Gorecki AM, Theunissen F, Pfaff AL, Kenna JE, Plunkett K, Kõks S, Akkari PA, Mastaglia FL, Anderton RS. The TOMM40 '523' polymorphism in disease risk and age of symptom onset in two independent cohorts of Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6363. [PMID: 33737565 PMCID: PMC7973542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal mitochondrial function is a key process in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). The central pore-forming protein TOM40 of the mitochondria is encoded by the translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 homologue gene (TOMM40). The highly variant '523' poly-T repeat is associated with age-related cognitive decline and age of onset in Alzheimer's disease, but whether it plays a role in modifying the risk or clinical course of PD it yet to be elucidated. The TOMM40 '523' allele length was determined in 634 people with PD and 422 healthy controls from an Australian cohort and the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) cohort, using polymerase chain reaction or whole genome sequencing analysis. Genotype and allele frequencies of TOMM40 '523' and APOE ε did not differ significantly between the cohorts. Analyses revealed TOMM40 '523' allele groups were not associated with disease risk, while considering APOE ε genotype. Regression analyses revealed the TOMM40 S/S genotype was associated with a significantly later age of symptom onset in the PPMI PD cohort, but not after correction for covariates, or in the Australian cohort. Whilst variation in the TOMM40 '523' polymorphism was not associated with PD risk, the possibility that it may be a modifying factor for age of symptom onset warrants further investigation in other PD populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Bakeberg
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Madison E Hoes
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Anastazja M Gorecki
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Frances Theunissen
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- The Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Abigail L Pfaff
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- The Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Jade E Kenna
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Kai Plunkett
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Sulev Kõks
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- The Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - P Anthony Akkari
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- The Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Frank L Mastaglia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- The Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Ryan S Anderton
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.
- Institute for Health Research and School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, 19 Mouat Street, Fremantle, WA, 6959, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Deters KD, Mormino EC, Yu L, Lutz MW, Bennett DA, Barnes LL. TOMM40-APOE haplotypes are associated with cognitive decline in non-demented Blacks. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 17:1287-1296. [PMID: 33580752 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The goal was to investigate effects of APOE-TOMM40-'523 haplotypes on cognitive decline in non-demented non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB), and determine whether effects differ from non-Hispanic Whites (NHW). METHODS The impact of zero to two copies of the '523-Short variant (S; poly-T alleles < 20) within apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype on a composite measure of global cognition and five domains was examined. RESULTS In NHB with ε3/ε3 (N = 294), '523-S/S was associated with faster decline in global cognition (β = -0.048, P = 0.017), episodic memory (β = -0.05, P = 0.031), and visuospatial ability (β = -0.037, P = 0.034) relative to those without '523-S. For NHB ε4+ (N = 182), '523-S/S had slower decline in global cognition (β = 0.047, P = 0.042) and visuospatial ability (β = 0.07, P = 0.0005) relative to '523-S non-carriers. NHB ε4+ with '523-S also had a slower rate of decline than NHWs ε4+ with '523-S. DISCUSSION '523-S/S has a different effect on cognitive decline among NHB dependent on APOE allele. Differences in the effect of ε4-'523-S in NHB may explain prior mixed findings on ε4 and decline in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kacie D Deters
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Mormino
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush University Medical Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael W Lutz
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush University Medical Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Rush University Medical Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cardoso R, Lemos C, Oliveiros B, Almeida MR, Baldeiras I, Pereira CF, Santos A, Duro D, Vieira D, Santana I, Oliveira CR. APOEɛ4-TOMM40L Haplotype Increases the Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment Conversion to Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:587-601. [PMID: 33016906 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been considered as a pre-dementia stage, although the factors leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD) conversion remain controversial. OBJECTIVE Evaluate whether TOMM40 poly-T (TOMM40' 523) polymorphism is associated with the risk and conversion time from MCI to AD and secondly with AD cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, disentangling the APOE genotype. METHODS 147 AD patients, 102 MCI patients, and 105 cognitively normal controls were genotyped for poly-T polymorphism. MCI patients were subdivided into two groups, the group of patients that converted to AD (MCI-AD) and the group of those that remained stable (MCI-S). RESULTS TOMM40' 523 L allele was significantly more frequent in the MCI-AD group and having at least one L allele significantly increased the risk of conversion from MCI to AD (OR = 8.346, p < 0.001, 95% CI: 2.830 to 24.617). However, when adjusted for the presence of APOEɛ4 allele, both the L allele and ɛ4 allele lost significance in the model (p > 0.05). We then analyzed the APOEɛ4-TOMM40' 523 L haplotype and observed that patients carrying this haplotype had significantly higher risk (OR = 5.83; 95% CI = 2.30-14.83) and mean lower times of conversion to AD (p = 0.003). This haplotype was also significantly associated with a biomarker profile compatible with AD (p = 0.007). CONCLUSION This study shows that the APOEɛ4-TOMM40' 523 L haplotype is associated with a higher risk and shorter times of conversion from MCI to AD, possibly driven by CSF biomarkers and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Remy Cardoso
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CNC-CIBB, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carolina Lemos
- UnIGENe, IBMC -Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Porto, Portugal.,i3S -Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Oliveiros
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosário Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CNC-CIBB, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Baldeiras
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CNC-CIBB, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Neurochemistry Laboratory, Neurology Department, Coimbra University Hospital (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Fragão Pereira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CNC-CIBB, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Santos
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CNC-CIBB, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diana Duro
- Neurology Department, Coimbra University Hospital (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Vieira
- Neurology Department, Coimbra University Hospital (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Santana
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CNC-CIBB, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Neurology Department, Coimbra University Hospital (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina Resende Oliveira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CNC-CIBB, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Blue EE, Cheng A, Chen S, Yu CE. Association of Uncommon, Noncoding Variants in the APOE Region With Risk of Alzheimer Disease in Adults of European Ancestry. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e2017666. [PMID: 33090224 PMCID: PMC7582128 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The ε2 and ε4 alleles of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene are associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) risk. Although nearby genetic variants have also been shown to be associated with AD, including rs2075650 in the TOMM40 gene and rs4420638 near the APOC1 gene, it is unknown whether these associations are independent of the ε2 and ε4 alleles. OBJECTIVE To assess whether variants near APOE are associated with AD independently of the ε2/ε3/ε4 genotype. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this genetic association study of the Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium imputed genotype at data, 14 415 variants near APOE (±500 kilobase) for 18 795 individuals with European ancestry were tested for association with AD using 4 logistic mixed models adjusting for sex, cohort, population structure, and relatedness. Model 1 had no APOE adjustment, and model 2 adjusted for the count of ε2 and ε4 alleles. Model 3 was restricted to ε3 homozygotes, and model 4 was restricted to ε4 homozygotes. Data were downloaded from May 31, 2018, to June 3, 2018, and analyzed from November 1, 2018, to June 24, 2020. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Alzheimer disease affectation status was defined by clinicians using standard National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and Alzheimer Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria. Association was evaluated using Score tests; results with P < .05 divided by the number of independent tests per model were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Among the 18 795 individuals in the study, 9704 were affected by AD and 9066 were control individuals; the median age at onset/evaluation was 76 (interquartile range, 70-82) years; and 11 167 were female (59.4%). Associations with AD were found for rs2075650 (odds ratio [OR], 2.59; 95% CI, 2.45-2.75; P = 3.19 × 10-228) and rs4420638 (OR, 2.77; 95% CI, 2.62-2.94; P = 2.99 × 10-254) without APOE adjustment. Although rs2075650 was nominally associated with AD among the ε4 homozygotes (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.00-1.77; P = .047), the association between rs4420638 and AD was eliminated by APOE adjustment (model 2 OR, 1.06 [95% CI, 0.96-1.18; P = .24]; model 3 OR, 1.13 [95% CI, 0.95-1.34; P = .18]; model 4 OR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.56-1.45; P = .66]). There was a significant association between rs192879175 and AD among ε3 homozygotes (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.37-0.68; P = 8.30 × 10-6). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this genetic association study suggest that ε2/ε3/ε4 alleles are not the only variants in the APOE region that are associated with AD risk. Additional work with independent data is needed to replicate these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E. Blue
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Anqi Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Sunny Chen
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | - Chang-En Yu
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gorbach T, Pudas S, Bartrés-Faz D, Brandmaier AM, Düzel S, Henson RN, Idland AV, Lindenberger U, Macià Bros D, Mowinckel AM, Solé-Padullés C, Sørensen Ø, Walhovd KB, Watne LO, Westerhausen R, Fjell AM, Nyberg L. Longitudinal association between hippocampus atrophy and episodic-memory decline in non-demented APOE ε4 carriers. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 12:e12110. [PMID: 33015312 PMCID: PMC7521596 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is the main genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), accelerated cognitive aging, and hippocampal atrophy, but its influence on the association between hippocampus atrophy and episodic-memory decline in non-demented individuals remains unclear. METHODS We analyzed longitudinal (two to six observations) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived hippocampal volumes and episodic memory from 748 individuals (55 to 90 years at baseline, 50% female) from the European Lifebrain consortium. RESULTS The change-change association for hippocampal volume and memory was significant only in ε4 carriers (N = 173, r = 0.21, P = .007; non-carriers: N = 467, r = 0.073, P = .117). The linear relationship was significantly steeper for the carriers [t(629) = 2.4, P = .013]. A similar trend toward a stronger change-change relation for carriers was seen in a subsample with more than two assessments. DISCUSSION These findings provide evidence for a difference in hippocampus-memory association between ε4 carriers and non-carriers, thus highlighting how genetic factors modulate the translation of the AD-related pathophysiological cascade into cognitive deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Gorbach
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology Umeå University Umeå Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging Umeå University Umeå Sweden
| | - Sara Pudas
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology Umeå University Umeå Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging Umeå University Umeå Sweden
| | - David Bartrés-Faz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Andreas M Brandmaier
- Center for Lifespan Psychology Max Planck Institute for Human Development Berlin Germany
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research Berlin Germany
| | - Sandra Düzel
- Center for Lifespan Psychology Max Planck Institute for Human Development Berlin Germany
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research Berlin Germany
| | - Richard N Henson
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit University of Cambridge, Cambridge UK
| | - Ane-Victoria Idland
- Oslo Delirium Research Group, Department of Geriatric Medicine University of Oslo, Oslo Norway
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology Max Planck Institute for Human Development Berlin Germany
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research Berlin Germany
| | - Didac Macià Bros
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Cristina Solé-Padullés
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Øystein Sørensen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition University of Oslo, Oslo Norway
| | - Kristine B Walhovd
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition University of Oslo, Oslo Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Oslo University Hospital, Oslo Norway
| | - Leiv Otto Watne
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit University of Cambridge, Cambridge UK
| | - René Westerhausen
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition University of Oslo, Oslo Norway
| | - Anders M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition University of Oslo, Oslo Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Oslo University Hospital, Oslo Norway
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology Umeå University Umeå Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging Umeå University Umeå Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences Umeå University Umeå Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pytte J, Flynn LL, Anderton RS, Mastaglia FL, Theunissen F, James I, Pfaff A, Koks S, Saunders AM, Bedlack R, Burns DK, Lutz MW, Siddique N, Siddique T, Roses AD, Akkari PA. Disease-modifying effects of an SCAF4 structural variant in a predominantly SOD1 ALS cohort. Neurol Genet 2020; 6:e470. [PMID: 32754644 PMCID: PMC7357414 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that rs573116164 will have disease-modifying effects in patients with superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS), we characterized rs573116164 within a cohort of 190 patients with fALS and 560 healthy age-matched controls to assess the variant for association with various measures of disease. METHODS Using a previously described bioinformatics evaluation algorithm, a polymorphic short structural variant associated with SOD1 was identified according to its theoretical effect on gene expression. An 12-18 poly-T repeat (rs573116164) within the 3' untranslated region of serine and arginine rich proteins-related carboxy terminal domain associated factor 4 (SCAF4), a gene that is adjacent to SOD1, was assessed for disease association and influence on survival and age at onset in an fALS cohort using PCR, Sanger sequencing, and capillary separation techniques for allele detection. RESULTS In a North American cohort of predominantly SOD1 fALS patients (n =190) and age-matched healthy controls (n = 560), we showed that carriage of an 18T SCAF4 allele was associated with disease within this cohort (odds ratio [OR] 6.6; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.9-11.2; p = 4.0e-11), but also within non-SOD1 cases (n = 27; OR 5.3; 95% CI 1.9-14.5; p = 0.0014). This finding suggests genetically SOD1-independent effects of SCAF4 on fALS susceptibility. Furthermore, carriage of an 18T allele was associated with a 26-month reduction in survival time (95% CI 6.6-40.8; p = 0.014), but did not affect age at onset of disease. CONCLUSIONS The findings in this fALS cohort suggest that rs573116164 could have SOD1-independent and broader relevance in ALS, warranting further investigation in other fALS and sporadic ALS cohorts, as well as studies of functional effects of the 18T variant on gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Pytte
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders (J.P., L.L.F., R.S.A., F.L.M., F.T., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), University of Western Australia, Crawley; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (J.P., L.L.F., R.S.A., F.L.M., F.T., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), Nedlands; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (L.L.F., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), Murdoch University; School of Health Sciences (R.S.A.), and Institute for Health Research (R.S.A.), University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle; Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases (I.J.), Murdoch University, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.M.S., R.B., M.W.L., A.D.R.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (A.M.S., D.K.B., A.D.R.), Durham, NC; ALS Clinic (R.B.), Duke University, Durham, NC; Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Cell and Molecular Biology (N.S., T.S.), the Les Turner ALS Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; and the Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (N.S., T.S.), Chicago, IL
| | - Loren L Flynn
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders (J.P., L.L.F., R.S.A., F.L.M., F.T., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), University of Western Australia, Crawley; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (J.P., L.L.F., R.S.A., F.L.M., F.T., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), Nedlands; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (L.L.F., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), Murdoch University; School of Health Sciences (R.S.A.), and Institute for Health Research (R.S.A.), University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle; Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases (I.J.), Murdoch University, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.M.S., R.B., M.W.L., A.D.R.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (A.M.S., D.K.B., A.D.R.), Durham, NC; ALS Clinic (R.B.), Duke University, Durham, NC; Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Cell and Molecular Biology (N.S., T.S.), the Les Turner ALS Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; and the Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (N.S., T.S.), Chicago, IL
| | - Ryan S Anderton
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders (J.P., L.L.F., R.S.A., F.L.M., F.T., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), University of Western Australia, Crawley; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (J.P., L.L.F., R.S.A., F.L.M., F.T., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), Nedlands; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (L.L.F., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), Murdoch University; School of Health Sciences (R.S.A.), and Institute for Health Research (R.S.A.), University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle; Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases (I.J.), Murdoch University, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.M.S., R.B., M.W.L., A.D.R.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (A.M.S., D.K.B., A.D.R.), Durham, NC; ALS Clinic (R.B.), Duke University, Durham, NC; Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Cell and Molecular Biology (N.S., T.S.), the Les Turner ALS Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; and the Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (N.S., T.S.), Chicago, IL
| | - Frank L Mastaglia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders (J.P., L.L.F., R.S.A., F.L.M., F.T., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), University of Western Australia, Crawley; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (J.P., L.L.F., R.S.A., F.L.M., F.T., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), Nedlands; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (L.L.F., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), Murdoch University; School of Health Sciences (R.S.A.), and Institute for Health Research (R.S.A.), University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle; Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases (I.J.), Murdoch University, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.M.S., R.B., M.W.L., A.D.R.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (A.M.S., D.K.B., A.D.R.), Durham, NC; ALS Clinic (R.B.), Duke University, Durham, NC; Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Cell and Molecular Biology (N.S., T.S.), the Les Turner ALS Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; and the Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (N.S., T.S.), Chicago, IL
| | - Frances Theunissen
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders (J.P., L.L.F., R.S.A., F.L.M., F.T., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), University of Western Australia, Crawley; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (J.P., L.L.F., R.S.A., F.L.M., F.T., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), Nedlands; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (L.L.F., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), Murdoch University; School of Health Sciences (R.S.A.), and Institute for Health Research (R.S.A.), University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle; Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases (I.J.), Murdoch University, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.M.S., R.B., M.W.L., A.D.R.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (A.M.S., D.K.B., A.D.R.), Durham, NC; ALS Clinic (R.B.), Duke University, Durham, NC; Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Cell and Molecular Biology (N.S., T.S.), the Les Turner ALS Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; and the Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (N.S., T.S.), Chicago, IL
| | - Ian James
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders (J.P., L.L.F., R.S.A., F.L.M., F.T., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), University of Western Australia, Crawley; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (J.P., L.L.F., R.S.A., F.L.M., F.T., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), Nedlands; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (L.L.F., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), Murdoch University; School of Health Sciences (R.S.A.), and Institute for Health Research (R.S.A.), University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle; Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases (I.J.), Murdoch University, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.M.S., R.B., M.W.L., A.D.R.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (A.M.S., D.K.B., A.D.R.), Durham, NC; ALS Clinic (R.B.), Duke University, Durham, NC; Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Cell and Molecular Biology (N.S., T.S.), the Les Turner ALS Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; and the Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (N.S., T.S.), Chicago, IL
| | - Abigail Pfaff
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders (J.P., L.L.F., R.S.A., F.L.M., F.T., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), University of Western Australia, Crawley; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (J.P., L.L.F., R.S.A., F.L.M., F.T., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), Nedlands; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (L.L.F., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), Murdoch University; School of Health Sciences (R.S.A.), and Institute for Health Research (R.S.A.), University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle; Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases (I.J.), Murdoch University, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.M.S., R.B., M.W.L., A.D.R.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (A.M.S., D.K.B., A.D.R.), Durham, NC; ALS Clinic (R.B.), Duke University, Durham, NC; Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Cell and Molecular Biology (N.S., T.S.), the Les Turner ALS Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; and the Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (N.S., T.S.), Chicago, IL
| | - Sulev Koks
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders (J.P., L.L.F., R.S.A., F.L.M., F.T., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), University of Western Australia, Crawley; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (J.P., L.L.F., R.S.A., F.L.M., F.T., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), Nedlands; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (L.L.F., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), Murdoch University; School of Health Sciences (R.S.A.), and Institute for Health Research (R.S.A.), University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle; Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases (I.J.), Murdoch University, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.M.S., R.B., M.W.L., A.D.R.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (A.M.S., D.K.B., A.D.R.), Durham, NC; ALS Clinic (R.B.), Duke University, Durham, NC; Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Cell and Molecular Biology (N.S., T.S.), the Les Turner ALS Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; and the Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (N.S., T.S.), Chicago, IL
| | - Ann M Saunders
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders (J.P., L.L.F., R.S.A., F.L.M., F.T., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), University of Western Australia, Crawley; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (J.P., L.L.F., R.S.A., F.L.M., F.T., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), Nedlands; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (L.L.F., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), Murdoch University; School of Health Sciences (R.S.A.), and Institute for Health Research (R.S.A.), University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle; Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases (I.J.), Murdoch University, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.M.S., R.B., M.W.L., A.D.R.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (A.M.S., D.K.B., A.D.R.), Durham, NC; ALS Clinic (R.B.), Duke University, Durham, NC; Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Cell and Molecular Biology (N.S., T.S.), the Les Turner ALS Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; and the Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (N.S., T.S.), Chicago, IL
| | - Richard Bedlack
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders (J.P., L.L.F., R.S.A., F.L.M., F.T., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), University of Western Australia, Crawley; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (J.P., L.L.F., R.S.A., F.L.M., F.T., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), Nedlands; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (L.L.F., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), Murdoch University; School of Health Sciences (R.S.A.), and Institute for Health Research (R.S.A.), University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle; Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases (I.J.), Murdoch University, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.M.S., R.B., M.W.L., A.D.R.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (A.M.S., D.K.B., A.D.R.), Durham, NC; ALS Clinic (R.B.), Duke University, Durham, NC; Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Cell and Molecular Biology (N.S., T.S.), the Les Turner ALS Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; and the Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (N.S., T.S.), Chicago, IL
| | - Daniel K Burns
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders (J.P., L.L.F., R.S.A., F.L.M., F.T., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), University of Western Australia, Crawley; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (J.P., L.L.F., R.S.A., F.L.M., F.T., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), Nedlands; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (L.L.F., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), Murdoch University; School of Health Sciences (R.S.A.), and Institute for Health Research (R.S.A.), University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle; Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases (I.J.), Murdoch University, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.M.S., R.B., M.W.L., A.D.R.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (A.M.S., D.K.B., A.D.R.), Durham, NC; ALS Clinic (R.B.), Duke University, Durham, NC; Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Cell and Molecular Biology (N.S., T.S.), the Les Turner ALS Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; and the Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (N.S., T.S.), Chicago, IL
| | - Michael W Lutz
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders (J.P., L.L.F., R.S.A., F.L.M., F.T., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), University of Western Australia, Crawley; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (J.P., L.L.F., R.S.A., F.L.M., F.T., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), Nedlands; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (L.L.F., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), Murdoch University; School of Health Sciences (R.S.A.), and Institute for Health Research (R.S.A.), University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle; Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases (I.J.), Murdoch University, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.M.S., R.B., M.W.L., A.D.R.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (A.M.S., D.K.B., A.D.R.), Durham, NC; ALS Clinic (R.B.), Duke University, Durham, NC; Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Cell and Molecular Biology (N.S., T.S.), the Les Turner ALS Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; and the Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (N.S., T.S.), Chicago, IL
| | - Nailah Siddique
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders (J.P., L.L.F., R.S.A., F.L.M., F.T., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), University of Western Australia, Crawley; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (J.P., L.L.F., R.S.A., F.L.M., F.T., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), Nedlands; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (L.L.F., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), Murdoch University; School of Health Sciences (R.S.A.), and Institute for Health Research (R.S.A.), University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle; Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases (I.J.), Murdoch University, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.M.S., R.B., M.W.L., A.D.R.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (A.M.S., D.K.B., A.D.R.), Durham, NC; ALS Clinic (R.B.), Duke University, Durham, NC; Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Cell and Molecular Biology (N.S., T.S.), the Les Turner ALS Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; and the Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (N.S., T.S.), Chicago, IL
| | - Teepu Siddique
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders (J.P., L.L.F., R.S.A., F.L.M., F.T., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), University of Western Australia, Crawley; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (J.P., L.L.F., R.S.A., F.L.M., F.T., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), Nedlands; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (L.L.F., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), Murdoch University; School of Health Sciences (R.S.A.), and Institute for Health Research (R.S.A.), University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle; Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases (I.J.), Murdoch University, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.M.S., R.B., M.W.L., A.D.R.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (A.M.S., D.K.B., A.D.R.), Durham, NC; ALS Clinic (R.B.), Duke University, Durham, NC; Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Cell and Molecular Biology (N.S., T.S.), the Les Turner ALS Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; and the Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (N.S., T.S.), Chicago, IL
| | - Allen D Roses
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders (J.P., L.L.F., R.S.A., F.L.M., F.T., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), University of Western Australia, Crawley; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (J.P., L.L.F., R.S.A., F.L.M., F.T., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), Nedlands; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (L.L.F., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), Murdoch University; School of Health Sciences (R.S.A.), and Institute for Health Research (R.S.A.), University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle; Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases (I.J.), Murdoch University, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.M.S., R.B., M.W.L., A.D.R.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (A.M.S., D.K.B., A.D.R.), Durham, NC; ALS Clinic (R.B.), Duke University, Durham, NC; Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Cell and Molecular Biology (N.S., T.S.), the Les Turner ALS Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; and the Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (N.S., T.S.), Chicago, IL
| | - P Anthony Akkari
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders (J.P., L.L.F., R.S.A., F.L.M., F.T., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), University of Western Australia, Crawley; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science (J.P., L.L.F., R.S.A., F.L.M., F.T., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), Nedlands; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics (L.L.F., A.P., S.K., P.A.A.), Murdoch University; School of Health Sciences (R.S.A.), and Institute for Health Research (R.S.A.), University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle; Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases (I.J.), Murdoch University, Australia; Department of Neurology (A.M.S., R.B., M.W.L., A.D.R.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (A.M.S., D.K.B., A.D.R.), Durham, NC; ALS Clinic (R.B.), Duke University, Durham, NC; Departments of Neurology, Pathology and Cell and Molecular Biology (N.S., T.S.), the Les Turner ALS Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; and the Northwestern University Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program (N.S., T.S.), Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Squillario M, Abate G, Tomasi F, Tozzo V, Barla A, Uberti D. A telescope GWAS analysis strategy, based on SNPs-genes-pathways ensamble and on multivariate algorithms, to characterize late onset Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12063. [PMID: 32694537 PMCID: PMC7374579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67699-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome–wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed a plethora of putative susceptibility genes for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with the sole exception of APOE gene unequivocally validated in independent study. Considering that the etiology of complex diseases like AD could depend on functional multiple genes interaction network, here we proposed an alternative GWAS analysis strategy based on (i) multivariate methods and on a (ii) telescope approach, in order to guarantee the identification of correlated variables, and reveal their connections at three biological connected levels. Specifically as multivariate methods, we employed two machine learning algorithms and a genetic association test and we considered SNPs, Genes and Pathways features in the analysis of two public GWAS dataset (ADNI-1 and ADNI-2). For each dataset and for each feature we addressed two binary classifications tasks: cases vs. controls and the low vs. high risk of developing AD considering the allelic status of APOEe4. This complex strategy allowed the identification of SNPs, genes and pathways lists statistically robust and meaningful from the biological viewpoint. Among the results, we confirm the involvement of TOMM40 gene in AD and we propose GRM7 as a novel gene significantly associated with AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Abate
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Daniela Uberti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bussies PL, Rajabli F, Griswold A, Dorfsman DA, Whitehead P, Adams LD, Mena PR, Cuccaro M, Haines JL, Byrd GS, Beecham GW, Pericak-Vance MA, Young JI, Vance JM. Use of local genetic ancestry to assess TOMM40-523' and risk for Alzheimer disease. Neurol Genet 2020; 6:e404. [PMID: 32337333 PMCID: PMC7164968 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Here, we re-examine TOMM40-523' as a race/ethnicity-specific risk modifier for late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) with adjustment for local genomic ancestry (LGA) in Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 haplotypes. METHODS The TOMM40-523' size was determined by fragment analysis and whole genome sequencing in homozygous APOE ε3 and APOE ε4 haplotypes of African (AF) or European (EUR) ancestry. The risk for LOAD was assessed within groups by allele size. RESULTS The TOMM40-523' length did not modify risk for LOAD in APOE ε4 haplotypes with EUR or AF LGA. Increasing length of TOMM40-523' was associated with a significantly reduced risk for LOAD in EUR APOE ε3 haplotypes. CONCLUSIONS Adjustment for LGA confirms that TOMM40-523' cannot explain the strong differential risk for LOAD between APOE ε4 with EUR and AF LGA. Our study does confirm previous reports that increasing allele length of the TOMM40-523' repeat is associated with decreased risk for LOAD in carriers of homozygous APOE ε3 alleles and demonstrates that this effect is occurring in those individuals with the EUR LGA APOE ε3 allele haplotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parker L Bussies
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (P.L.B., F.R., A.G., D.A.D., P.W., L.D.A., P.R.M., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (A.G., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences (J.L.H.), Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; and Wake Forest School of Medicine (G.S.B.), Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Farid Rajabli
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (P.L.B., F.R., A.G., D.A.D., P.W., L.D.A., P.R.M., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (A.G., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences (J.L.H.), Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; and Wake Forest School of Medicine (G.S.B.), Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Anthony Griswold
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (P.L.B., F.R., A.G., D.A.D., P.W., L.D.A., P.R.M., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (A.G., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences (J.L.H.), Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; and Wake Forest School of Medicine (G.S.B.), Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Daniel A Dorfsman
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (P.L.B., F.R., A.G., D.A.D., P.W., L.D.A., P.R.M., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (A.G., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences (J.L.H.), Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; and Wake Forest School of Medicine (G.S.B.), Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Patrice Whitehead
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (P.L.B., F.R., A.G., D.A.D., P.W., L.D.A., P.R.M., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (A.G., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences (J.L.H.), Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; and Wake Forest School of Medicine (G.S.B.), Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Larry D Adams
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (P.L.B., F.R., A.G., D.A.D., P.W., L.D.A., P.R.M., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (A.G., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences (J.L.H.), Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; and Wake Forest School of Medicine (G.S.B.), Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Pedro R Mena
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (P.L.B., F.R., A.G., D.A.D., P.W., L.D.A., P.R.M., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (A.G., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences (J.L.H.), Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; and Wake Forest School of Medicine (G.S.B.), Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Michael Cuccaro
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (P.L.B., F.R., A.G., D.A.D., P.W., L.D.A., P.R.M., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (A.G., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences (J.L.H.), Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; and Wake Forest School of Medicine (G.S.B.), Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (P.L.B., F.R., A.G., D.A.D., P.W., L.D.A., P.R.M., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (A.G., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences (J.L.H.), Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; and Wake Forest School of Medicine (G.S.B.), Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Goldie S Byrd
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (P.L.B., F.R., A.G., D.A.D., P.W., L.D.A., P.R.M., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (A.G., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences (J.L.H.), Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; and Wake Forest School of Medicine (G.S.B.), Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Gary W Beecham
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (P.L.B., F.R., A.G., D.A.D., P.W., L.D.A., P.R.M., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (A.G., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences (J.L.H.), Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; and Wake Forest School of Medicine (G.S.B.), Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (P.L.B., F.R., A.G., D.A.D., P.W., L.D.A., P.R.M., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (A.G., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences (J.L.H.), Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; and Wake Forest School of Medicine (G.S.B.), Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Juan I Young
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (P.L.B., F.R., A.G., D.A.D., P.W., L.D.A., P.R.M., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (A.G., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences (J.L.H.), Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; and Wake Forest School of Medicine (G.S.B.), Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Jeffery M Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (P.L.B., F.R., A.G., D.A.D., P.W., L.D.A., P.R.M., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Dr. John T. MacDonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (A.G., M.C., G.W.B., M.A.P.-V., J.I.Y., J.M.V.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences (J.L.H.), Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH; and Wake Forest School of Medicine (G.S.B.), Bowman Gray Center for Medical Education, Winston-Salem, NC
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Guo Y, Xu W, Li JQ, Ou YN, Shen XN, Huang YY, Dong Q, Tan L, Yu JT. Genome-wide association study of hippocampal atrophy rate in non-demented elders. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:10468-10484. [PMID: 31760383 PMCID: PMC6914394 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal atrophy rate has been correlated with cognitive decline and its genetic modifiers are still unclear. Here we firstly performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic loci that regulate hippocampal atrophy rate. Six hundred and two non-Hispanic Caucasian elders without dementia were included from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cohort. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs4420638, rs56131196, rs157582) in the TOMM40-APOC1 region were associated with hippocampal atrophy rate at genome-wide significance and 3 additional SNPs (in TOMM40 and near MIR302F gene) reached a suggestive level of significance. Strong linkage disequilibrium between rs4420638 and rs56131196 was found. The minor allele of rs4420638 (G) and the minor allele of rs157582 (T) showed associations with lower Mini-mental State Examination score, higher Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale 11 score and smaller entorhinal volume using both baseline and longitudinal measurements, as well as with accelerated cognitive decline. Moreover, rs56131196 (P = 1.96 × 10-454) and rs157582 (P = 9.70 × 10-434) were risk loci for Alzheimer's disease. Collectively, rs4420638, rs56131196 and rs157582 were found to be associated with hippocampal atrophy rate. Besides, they were also identified as genetic loci for cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie-Qiong Li
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Nan Ou
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue-Ning Shen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Yuan Huang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
McRae-McKee K, Udeh-Momoh CT, Price G, Bajaj S, de Jager CA, Scott D, Hadjichrysanthou C, McNaughton E, Bracoud L, Ahmadi-Abhari S, de Wolf F, Anderson RM, Middleton LT. Perspective: Clinical relevance of the dichotomous classification of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers: Should there be a "gray zone"? Alzheimers Dement 2019; 15:1348-1356. [PMID: 31564609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The 2018 National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) research framework recently redefined Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a biological construct, based on in vivo biomarkers reflecting key neuropathologic features. Combinations of normal/abnormal levels of three biomarker categories, based on single thresholds, form the AD signature profile that defines the biological disease state as a continuum, independent of clinical symptomatology. While single thresholds may be useful in defining the biological signature profile, we provide evidence that their use in studies with cognitive outcomes merits further consideration. Using data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative with a focus on cortical amyloid binding, we discuss the limitations of applying the biological definition of disease status as a tool to define the increased likelihood of the onset of the Alzheimer's clinical syndrome and the effects that this may have on trial study design. We also suggest potential research objectives going forward and what the related data requirements would be.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin McRae-McKee
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chinedu T Udeh-Momoh
- Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Geraint Price
- Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sumali Bajaj
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Celeste A de Jager
- Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Christoforos Hadjichrysanthou
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emily McNaughton
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sara Ahmadi-Abhari
- Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frank de Wolf
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roy M Anderson
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lefkos T Middleton
- Ageing Epidemiology (AGE) Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cacabelos R, Carril JC, Cacabelos N, Kazantsev AG, Vostrov AV, Corzo L, Cacabelos P, Goldgaber D. Sirtuins in Alzheimer's Disease: SIRT2-Related GenoPhenotypes and Implications for PharmacoEpiGenetics. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051249. [PMID: 30871086 PMCID: PMC6429449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT1-7) are NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases/ADP ribosyltransferases with important roles in chromatin silencing, cell cycle regulation, cellular differentiation, cellular stress response, metabolism and aging. Sirtuins are components of the epigenetic machinery, which is disturbed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), contributing to AD pathogenesis. There is an association between the SIRT2-C/T genotype (rs10410544) (50.92%) and AD susceptibility in the APOEε4-negative population (SIRT2-C/C, 34.72%; SIRT2-T/T 14.36%). The integration of SIRT2 and APOE variants in bigenic clusters yields 18 haplotypes. The 5 most frequent bigenic genotypes in AD are 33CT (27.81%), 33CC (21.36%), 34CT (15.29%), 34CC (9.76%) and 33TT (7.18%). There is an accumulation of APOE-3/4 and APOE-4/4 carriers in SIRT2-T/T > SIRT2-C/T > SIRT2-C/C carriers, and also of SIRT2-T/T and SIRT2-C/T carriers in patients who harbor the APOE-4/4 genotype. SIRT2 variants influence biochemical, hematological, metabolic and cardiovascular phenotypes, and modestly affect the pharmacoepigenetic outcome in AD. SIRT2-C/T carriers are the best responders, SIRT2-T/T carriers show an intermediate pattern, and SIRT2-C/C carriers are the worst responders to a multifactorial treatment. In APOE-SIRT2 bigenic clusters, 33CC carriers respond better than 33TT and 34CT carriers, whereas 24CC and 44CC carriers behave as the worst responders. CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers (EM) are the best responders, poor metabolizers (PM) are the worst responders, and ultra-rapid metabolizers (UM) tend to be better responders that intermediate metabolizers (IM). In association with CYP2D6 genophenotypes, SIRT2-C/T-EMs are the best responders. Some Sirtuin modulators might be potential candidates for AD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cacabelos
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, 15165 Bergondo, Corunna, Spain.
| | - Juan C Carril
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, 15165 Bergondo, Corunna, Spain.
| | - Natalia Cacabelos
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, 15165 Bergondo, Corunna, Spain.
| | - Aleksey G Kazantsev
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Alex V Vostrov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Lola Corzo
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, 15165 Bergondo, Corunna, Spain.
| | - Pablo Cacabelos
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, 15165 Bergondo, Corunna, Spain.
| | - Dmitry Goldgaber
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Heinemeyer T, Stemmet M, Bardien S, Neethling A. Underappreciated Roles of the Translocase of the Outer and Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Protein Complexes in Human Disease. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 38:23-40. [PMID: 30481057 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical for cellular survival, and for their proper functioning, translocation of ∼1500 proteins across the mitochondrial membranes is required. The translocase of the outer (TOMM) and inner mitochondrial membrane (TIMM) complexes are major components of this translocation machinery. Through specific processes, preproteins and other molecules are imported, translocated, and directed to specific mitochondrial compartments for their function. In this study, we review the association of subunits of these complexes with human disease. Pathogenic mutations have been identified in the TIMM8A (DDP) and DNAJC19 (TIMM14) genes and are linked to Mohr-Tranebjærg syndrome and dilated cardiomyopathy syndrome (with and without ataxia), respectively. Polymorphisms in TOMM40 have been associated with Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Parkinson's disease with dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, nonpathological cognitive aging, and various cardiovascular-related traits. Furthermore, reduced protein expression levels of several complex subunits have been associated with Parkinson's disease, Meniere's disease, and cardiovascular disorders. However, increased mRNA and protein levels of complex subunits are found in cancers. This review highlights the importance of the mitochondrial import machinery in human disease and stresses the need for further studies. Ultimately, this knowledge may prove to be critical for the development of therapeutic modalities for these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thea Heinemeyer
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Monique Stemmet
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Soraya Bardien
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Annika Neethling
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University , Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Whitson HE, Potter GG, Feld JA, Plassman BL, Reynolds K, Sloane R, Welsh-Bohmer KA. Dual-Task Gait and Alzheimer's Disease Genetic Risk in Cognitively Normal Adults: A Pilot Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 64:1137-1148. [PMID: 30010120 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dual-task paradigms, in which an individual performs tasks separately and then concurrently, often demonstrate that people with neurodegenerative disorders experience more dual-task interference, defined as worse performance in the dual-task condition compared to the single-task condition. OBJECTIVE To examine how gait-cognition dual-task performance differs between cognitively normal older adults with and without an APOE ɛ4 allele. METHODS Twenty-nine individuals ages 60 to 72 with normal cognition completed a dual-task protocol in which walking and cognitive tasks (executive function, memory) were performed separately and concurrently. Fourteen participants carried APOE ɛ4 alleles (ɛ3/ɛ4 or ɛ2/ɛ4); fifteen had APOE genotypes (ɛ2/ɛ2, ɛ2/ɛ3, or ɛ3/ɛ3) associated with lower risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). RESULTS The two risk groups did not differ by age, sex, race, education, or gait or cognitive measures under single-task conditions. Compared to low risk participants, APOE ɛ4 carriers tended to exhibit greater dual-task interference. Both the memory and executive function tasks resulted in dual-task interference on gait, but effect sizes for a group difference were larger when the cognitive task was executive function. In the dual-task protocol that combined walking and the executive function task, effect sizes for group difference in gait interference were larger (0.62- 0.70) than for cognitive interference (0.45- 0.47). DISCUSSION Dual-task paradigms may reveal subtle changes in brain function in asymptomatic individuals at heightened risk of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather E Whitson
- Department of Medicine (Geriatrics), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Durham VA Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Durham, NC, USA
| | - Guy G Potter
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Joseph and Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jody A Feld
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Doctor of Physical Therapy Division, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brenda L Plassman
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Joseph and Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kelly Reynolds
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Richard Sloane
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kathleen A Welsh-Bohmer
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Joseph and Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Berkowitz CL, Mosconi L, Scheyer O, Rahman A, Hristov H, Isaacson RS. Precision Medicine for Alzheimer's Disease Prevention. Healthcare (Basel) 2018; 6:healthcare6030082. [PMID: 30011822 PMCID: PMC6164450 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare6030082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine is an approach to medical treatment and prevention that takes into account individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle and allows for personalization that is based on factors that may affect the response to treatment. Several genetic and epigenetic risk factors have been shown to increase susceptibility to late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). As such, it may be beneficial to integrate genetic risk factors into the AD prevention approach, which in the past has primarily been focused on universal risk-reduction strategies for the general population rather than individualized interventions in a targeted fashion. This review discusses examples of a "one-size-fits-all" versus clinical precision medicine AD prevention strategy, in which the precision medicine approach considers two genes that can be commercially sequenced for polymorphisms associated with AD, apolipoprotein E (APOE), and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR). Comparing these two distinct approaches provides support for a clinical precision medicine prevention strategy, which may ultimately lead to more favorable patient outcomes as the interventions are targeted to address individualized risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cara L Berkowitz
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Lisa Mosconi
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Olivia Scheyer
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Aneela Rahman
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Hollie Hristov
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Richard S Isaacson
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mise A, Yoshino Y, Yamazaki K, Ozaki Y, Sao T, Yoshida T, Mori T, Mori Y, Ochi S, Iga JI, Ueno SI. TOMM40 and APOE Gene Expression and Cognitive Decline in Japanese Alzheimer's Disease Subjects. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 60:1107-1117. [PMID: 28984592 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TOMM40 is located on chromosome 19, is in linkage disequilibrium with apolipoprotein E (APOE), andis reported in several genome-wide association studies to be associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE Assess APOE and TOM40 and mitochondrial genes as blood biomarkers for AD. METHODS We examined TOMM40, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), Parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (PARK2), and APOE mRNA expression in relation to the methylation rates of CpG sites in the upstream region of TOMM40exon 1 in peripheral leukocytes and TOMM40523 polyT genotypes in 60 AD and age- and sex-matched control subjects. RESULTS TOMM40 mRNA expression was significantly lower in AD subjects (0.87±0.18 versus 1.0±0.23, p = 0.005), and PINK1 mRNA expression was higher in AD subjects (1.5±0.61 versus 1.0±0.52, p < 0.001). TOMM40 mRNA expression was significantly correlated with the Mini-Mental State Examination total score (r = 0.290, p = 0.027). There was no expressional change in peripheral APOE mRNA in either AD or control subjects (p = 0.32). Methylation rates in the upstream region of TOMM40exon 1 were not different between AD and control subjects (average rate: 1.37±0.99 versus 1.39±1.20, p = 0.885), and TOMM40523 polyT genotypes were also not different between AD and control subjects (p = 0.67). CONCLUSION TOMM40 mRNA expression was lower in AD subjects and was correlated with cognitive decline. Significant changes in both TOMM40 and PINK1 mRNA may be related to mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Mise
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Yamazaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yuki Ozaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tomoko Sao
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Taku Yoshida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Takaaki Mori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoko Mori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ochi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Iga
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shu-Ichi Ueno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and Function, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Larsen PA, Hunnicutt KE, Larsen RJ, Yoder AD, Saunders AM. Warning SINEs: Alu elements, evolution of the human brain, and the spectrum of neurological disease. Chromosome Res 2018; 26:93-111. [PMID: 29460123 PMCID: PMC5857278 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-018-9573-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alu elements are a highly successful family of primate-specific retrotransposons that have fundamentally shaped primate evolution, including the evolution of our own species. Alus play critical roles in the formation of neurological networks and the epigenetic regulation of biochemical processes throughout the central nervous system (CNS), and thus are hypothesized to have contributed to the origin of human cognition. Despite the benefits that Alus provide, deleterious Alu activity is associated with a number of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. In particular, neurological networks are potentially vulnerable to the epigenetic dysregulation of Alu elements operating across the suite of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes that are critical for both mitochondrial and CNS function. Here, we highlight the beneficial neurological aspects of Alu elements as well as their potential to cause disease by disrupting key cellular processes across the CNS. We identify at least 37 neurological and neurodegenerative disorders wherein deleterious Alu activity has been implicated as a contributing factor for the manifestation of disease, and for many of these disorders, this activity is operating on genes that are essential for proper mitochondrial function. We conclude that the epigenetic dysregulation of Alu elements can ultimately disrupt mitochondrial homeostasis within the CNS. This mechanism is a plausible source for the incipient neuronal stress that is consistently observed across a spectrum of sporadic neurological and neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Larsen
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Duke Lemur Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 130 Science Drive, Box 90338, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| | | | - Roxanne J Larsen
- Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Anne D Yoder
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Duke Lemur Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Ann M Saunders
- Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals Inc, Chapel Hill, NC, 27709, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Neuropathologic features of TOMM40 '523 variant on late-life cognitive decline. Alzheimers Dement 2017; 13:1380-1388. [PMID: 28624335 PMCID: PMC5723540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study investigated the role of neuropathologies in the relationship between TOMM40 '523 genotype and late-life cognitive decline. METHODS Participants were community-dwelling older persons who had annual cognitive assessments and brain autopsies after death. Genotyping used DNA from peripheral blood or postmortem brain tissue. Linear mixed models assessed the extent to which the association of '523 genotype with cognitive decline is attributable to neuropathologies. RESULTS Relative to ε3/ε3 homozygotes with '523-S/VL or '523-VL/VL genotype, both '523-L carriers and ε3/ε3 homozygotes with '523-S/S genotype had faster cognitive decline. The association of '523-L with cognitive decline was attenuated and no longer significant after controlling for Alzheimer's and other neuropathologies. By contrast, the association of '523-S/S was unchanged. DISCUSSION There are two distinct TOMM40 '523 signals in relation to late-life cognitive decline. One signal primarily acts through AD and other common neuropathologies, whereas the other operates through a different mechanism.
Collapse
|
33
|
The biological foundation of the genetic association of TOMM40 with late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2973-2986. [PMID: 28768149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A variable-length poly-T variant in intron 6 of the TOMM40 gene, rs10524523, is associated with risk and age-of-onset of sporadic (late-onset) Alzheimer's disease. In Caucasians, the three predominant alleles at this locus are Short (S), Long (L) or Very long (VL). On an APOE ε3/3 background, the S/VL and VL/VL genotypes are more protective than S/S. The '523 poly-T has regulatory properties, in that the VL poly-T results in higher expression than the S poly-T in luciferase expression systems. The aim of the current work was to identify effects on cellular bioenergetics of increased TOM40 protein expression. MitoTracker Green fluorescence and autophagic vesicle staining was the same in control and over-expressing cells, but TOM40 over-expression was associated with increased expression of TOM20, a preprotein receptor of the TOM complex, the mitochondrial chaperone HSPA9, and PDHE1a, and increased activities of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes I and IV and of the TCA member α-ketoglutaric acid dehydrogenase. Consistent with the complex I findings, respiration was more sensitive to inhibition by rotenone in control cells than in the TOM40 over-expressing cells. In the absence of inhibitors, total cellular ATP, the mitochondrial membrane potential, and respiration were elevated in the over-expressing cells. Spare respiratory capacity was greater in the TOM40 over-expressing cells than in the controls. TOM40 over-expression blocked Ab-elicited decreases in the mitochondrial membrane potential, cellular ATP levels, and cellular viability in the control cells. These data suggest elevated expression of TOM40 may be protective of mitochondrial function.
Collapse
|
34
|
Yu L, Lutz MW, Wilson RS, Burns DK, Roses AD, Saunders AM, Yang J, Gaiteri C, De Jager PL, Barnes LL, Bennett DA. APOE ε4-TOMM40 '523 haplotypes and the risk of Alzheimer's disease in older Caucasian and African Americans. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180356. [PMID: 28672022 PMCID: PMC5495438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Patterns of linkage between the ε4 allele of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) and '523 poly-T alleles in the adjacent gene, TOMM40, differ between Caucasian and African Americans. The extent to which this difference affects the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unclear. We compared the APOE ε4-TOMM40 '523 haplotypes between older Caucasian and African Americans, and examined their relationship with AD dementia. Data came from three community based cohort studies of diverse participants. APOE genotypes were determined by polymorphisms of rs429358 and rs7412. TOMM40 '523 genotypes were defined by the poly-T repeat length of rs10524523 (short ['523-S]: poly-T ≤ 19, long ['523-L]: 20 ≤ poly-T ≤ 29, and very long ['523-VL]: poly-T ≥ 30). Cox proportional hazards models examined the effect of haplotype variation on the risk of incident AD dementia. A total of 1,848 Caucasian and 540 African American individuals were included in the study. In Caucasians, nearly none (0.8%) of the non-ε4 carriers and almost all (94.2%) of the ε4 carriers had '523-L. The classification was highly concordant. Each ε4 allele doubled the risk for AD dementia and the dose effect was evident. Almost identical effect size and effect pattern were observed for TOMM40 '523-L. In African Americans, nearly none (1.1%) of the non-ε4 carriers had '523-L, but only 47.8% of the ε4 carriers had '523-L. The concordance was weaker compared with Caucasians. The effect patterns on incident AD dementia differed distinctively between ε4 and '523-L carriers. Further, both genotypic and allelic data support that among African Americans the ε4-'523-L haplotype had stronger effect on risk of AD dementia than other ε4-'523 haplotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Lutz
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robert S. Wilson
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Daniel K. Burns
- Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Allen D. Roses
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ann M. Saunders
- Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Chris Gaiteri
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lisa L. Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Willette AA, Webb JL, Lutz MW, Bendlin BB, Wennberg AM, Oh JM, Roses A, Koscik RL, Hermann BP, Dowling NM, Asthana S, Johnson SC. Family history and TOMM40 '523 interactive associations with memory in middle-aged and Alzheimer's disease cohorts. Alzheimers Dement 2017; 13:1217-1225. [PMID: 28549947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Family history (FH) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects mitochondrial function and may modulate effects of translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 40 kDa (TOMM40) rs10524523 ('523) poly-T length on memory decline. METHODS For 912 nonapolipoprotein ε4 middle-aged adults and 365 aged adults across the AD spectrum, linear mixed models gauged FH and TOMM40 '523 interactions on memory and global cognition between baseline and up to 10 years later. A cerebrospinal fluid mitochondrial function biomarker was also assessed. RESULTS For FH negative participants, gene-dose preservation of memory and global cognition was seen for "very long" versus "short" carriers. For FH positive, an opposite gene-dose decline was seen for very long versus short carriers. Maternal FH was a stronger predictor in aged, but not middle-aged, participants. Similar gene-dose effects were seen for the mitochondrial biomarker aspartate aminotransferase. DISCUSSION These results may clarify conflicting findings on TOMM40 poly-T length and AD-related decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Auriel A Willette
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA; Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
| | - Joseph L Webb
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Michael W Lutz
- Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alexandra M Wennberg
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic (Rochester), Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jennifer M Oh
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Allen Roses
- Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rebecca L Koscik
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Bruce P Hermann
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - N Maritza Dowling
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Burggren AC, Mahmood Z, Harrison TM, Siddarth P, Miller KJ, Small GW, Merrill DA, Bookheimer SY. Hippocampal thinning linked to longer TOMM40 poly-T variant lengths in the absence of the APOE ε4 variant. Alzheimers Dement 2017; 13:739-748. [PMID: 28183529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 (TOMM40), which lies in linkage disequilibrium with apolipoprotein E (APOE), has received attention more recently as a promising gene in Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. TOMM40 influences AD pathology through mitochondrial neurotoxicity, and the medial temporal lobe (MTL) is the most likely brain region for identifying early manifestations of AD-related morphology changes. METHODS In this study, we examined the effects of TOMM40 using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging in 65 healthy, older subjects with and without the APOE ε4 AD-risk variant. RESULTS Examining individual subregions within the MTL, we found a significant relationship between increasing poly-T lengths of the TOMM40 variant and thickness of the entorhinal cortex only in subjects who did not carry the APOE ε4 allele. DISCUSSION Our data provide support for TOMM40 variant repeat length as an important contributor to AD-like MTL pathology in the absence of APOE ε4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison C Burggren
- Center for Cognitive Neurosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Zanjbeel Mahmood
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theresa M Harrison
- Center for Cognitive Neurosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Prabha Siddarth
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Longevity Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karen J Miller
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Longevity Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gary W Small
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Longevity Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David A Merrill
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Longevity Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan Y Bookheimer
- Center for Cognitive Neurosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yu L, Lutz MW, Wilson RS, Burns DK, Roses AD, Saunders AM, Gaiteri C, De Jager PL, Barnes LL, Bennett DA. TOMM40'523 variant and cognitive decline in older persons with APOE ε3/3 genotype. Neurology 2017; 88:661-668. [PMID: 28108637 PMCID: PMC5317377 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To interrogate a poly-T variant (rs10524523, '523) in TOMM40, a gene adjacent to the APOE gene on chromosome 19, in older persons with APOE ε3/3 homozygosity for association with cognitive decline, the clinical hallmark of Alzheimer disease (AD). METHODS Data came from participants in 2 cohort studies of aging and dementia who underwent annual clinical evaluations for up to 21 years. APOE and TOMM40'523 genotypes were determined from DNA from blood or brain samples. Linear mixed models compared the rates of decline in cognition among APOE ε3/3 carriers with different '523 genotypes. RESULTS The 1,170 APOE ε3/3 homozygotes were of European ancestry, were free of dementia at baseline, and had an average age of 78.5 years at baseline. Three major genotypes at the '523 variant were linked to APOE ε3/3; 26.5% had 2 short poly-Ts (S/S), 48.5% had 1 short and 1 very long poly-T (S/VL), and 24.0% had 2 very long poly-Ts (VL/VL). Participants with '523-S/S had faster decline in global cognition than participants with '523-S/VL or VL/VL (p = 0.002). The same association was observed for episodic memory (p < 0.001) and semantic memory (p = 0.003) but not for working memory, perceptual speed, or visuospatial ability. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal an association of APOE ε3/3-TOMM40'523 haplotypes with cognitive decline in community-based older persons such that the S/S poly-T genotype is related to faster cognitive decline, primarily in the domains of episodic and semantic memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- From the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (L.Y., R.S.W., C.G., L.L.B., D.A.B.) and Department of Neurological Sciences (L.Y., R.S.W., C.G., L.L.B., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (M.W.L., A.D.R., A.M.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc (D.K.B., A.D.R.), Research Triangle Park, NC; Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics (P.L.D.), Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School (P.L.D.), Boston; and Program in Medical and Population Genetics (P.L.D.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA.
| | - Michael W Lutz
- From the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (L.Y., R.S.W., C.G., L.L.B., D.A.B.) and Department of Neurological Sciences (L.Y., R.S.W., C.G., L.L.B., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (M.W.L., A.D.R., A.M.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc (D.K.B., A.D.R.), Research Triangle Park, NC; Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics (P.L.D.), Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School (P.L.D.), Boston; and Program in Medical and Population Genetics (P.L.D.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Robert S Wilson
- From the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (L.Y., R.S.W., C.G., L.L.B., D.A.B.) and Department of Neurological Sciences (L.Y., R.S.W., C.G., L.L.B., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (M.W.L., A.D.R., A.M.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc (D.K.B., A.D.R.), Research Triangle Park, NC; Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics (P.L.D.), Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School (P.L.D.), Boston; and Program in Medical and Population Genetics (P.L.D.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Daniel K Burns
- From the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (L.Y., R.S.W., C.G., L.L.B., D.A.B.) and Department of Neurological Sciences (L.Y., R.S.W., C.G., L.L.B., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (M.W.L., A.D.R., A.M.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc (D.K.B., A.D.R.), Research Triangle Park, NC; Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics (P.L.D.), Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School (P.L.D.), Boston; and Program in Medical and Population Genetics (P.L.D.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Allen D Roses
- From the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (L.Y., R.S.W., C.G., L.L.B., D.A.B.) and Department of Neurological Sciences (L.Y., R.S.W., C.G., L.L.B., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (M.W.L., A.D.R., A.M.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc (D.K.B., A.D.R.), Research Triangle Park, NC; Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics (P.L.D.), Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School (P.L.D.), Boston; and Program in Medical and Population Genetics (P.L.D.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Ann M Saunders
- From the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (L.Y., R.S.W., C.G., L.L.B., D.A.B.) and Department of Neurological Sciences (L.Y., R.S.W., C.G., L.L.B., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (M.W.L., A.D.R., A.M.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc (D.K.B., A.D.R.), Research Triangle Park, NC; Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics (P.L.D.), Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School (P.L.D.), Boston; and Program in Medical and Population Genetics (P.L.D.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Chris Gaiteri
- From the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (L.Y., R.S.W., C.G., L.L.B., D.A.B.) and Department of Neurological Sciences (L.Y., R.S.W., C.G., L.L.B., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (M.W.L., A.D.R., A.M.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc (D.K.B., A.D.R.), Research Triangle Park, NC; Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics (P.L.D.), Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School (P.L.D.), Boston; and Program in Medical and Population Genetics (P.L.D.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- From the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (L.Y., R.S.W., C.G., L.L.B., D.A.B.) and Department of Neurological Sciences (L.Y., R.S.W., C.G., L.L.B., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (M.W.L., A.D.R., A.M.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc (D.K.B., A.D.R.), Research Triangle Park, NC; Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics (P.L.D.), Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School (P.L.D.), Boston; and Program in Medical and Population Genetics (P.L.D.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- From the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (L.Y., R.S.W., C.G., L.L.B., D.A.B.) and Department of Neurological Sciences (L.Y., R.S.W., C.G., L.L.B., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (M.W.L., A.D.R., A.M.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc (D.K.B., A.D.R.), Research Triangle Park, NC; Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics (P.L.D.), Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School (P.L.D.), Boston; and Program in Medical and Population Genetics (P.L.D.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - David A Bennett
- From the Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (L.Y., R.S.W., C.G., L.L.B., D.A.B.) and Department of Neurological Sciences (L.Y., R.S.W., C.G., L.L.B., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (M.W.L., A.D.R., A.M.S.), Duke University School of Medicine, Durham; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc (D.K.B., A.D.R.), Research Triangle Park, NC; Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics (P.L.D.), Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School (P.L.D.), Boston; and Program in Medical and Population Genetics (P.L.D.), Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lindqvist D, Prokopenko I, Londos E, Middleton L, Hansson O. Associations between TOMM40 Poly-T Repeat Variants and Dementia in Cases with Parkinsonism. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2017; 6:99-108. [PMID: 26756745 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-150693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD)-related pathologies. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of the Translocase of the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane 40 homolog (TOMM40) variants in PD without dementia (PDND), PD with dementia (PDD) and in Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). METHODS 248 individuals, including 92 PDND, 55 PDD, and 101 DLB, were included. The rs10524523 locus in the TOMM40 gene (TOMM40 poly-T repeat) is characterized by a variable number of T residues that were classified into three groups based on length; short (S), long (L), and very long (VL). We tested log-additive genetic model of association with dementia and adjusted for age, sex, and APOEɛ4 carrier status. We analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of Aβ42 and Tau, biomarkers related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). RESULTS PDD/DBL status and abnormal CSF AD biomarkers (Aβ42 and Aβ42/Tau ratio) were both associated with the APOEɛ4 allele (p < 0.014) and the L allele of TOMM40 poly-T repeat (p < 0.008). The VL allele was less frequently observed in the PDD/DLB group (p = 0.013). In APOE-ɛ4 adjusted analyses, the relationships between the L and VL alleles and dementia status as well as CSF AD biomarkers were not significant. When adjusting for APOE-ɛ4, however, there were associations between S carrier status and PDD/DLB (p = 0.019) and abnormal CSF levels of Aβ42/Tau ratio (p = 0.037) although these were not significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSION Our results do not support the notion that TOMM40 poly-T repeat variants have independent effects on PDD and DLB pathology. This relationship seems to be driven by APOE-ɛ4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lindqvist
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Psychiatry Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Elisabet Londos
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lefkos Middleton
- Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
He Y, Li C, Yang Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Yang H, Jin T, Chen S. Meta-analysis of the rs2075650 polymorphism and risk of Alzheimer disease. Aging Clin Exp Res 2016; 28:805-11. [PMID: 26572157 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-015-0489-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several researchers have suggested that the rs2075650 polymorphism is significantly associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer disease (AD) in European. However, some others found inconsistent results in Asian (Chinese and Korean). We addressed the controversy through performing a meta-analysis of the relationship between rs2075650 in TOMM40 (translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 40 homologue) and Alzheimer disease. METHODS We selected eight case-control studies involving 4290 cases of Alzheimer disease and 5556 healthy individuals. The association between the TOMM40 rs2075650 polymorphism and Alzheimer disease was examined by overall odds ratio (OR) with a 95 % confidence interval (CI). We used different genetic model analysis, sensitivity analysis, and assessments of bias in our meta-analysis. RESULTS The pooled analysis showed the inconsistent results that TOMM40 rs2075650 polymorphism was associated with Alzheimer disease in European and Korean population in all genetic models, but there was no significant association between the TOMM40 rs2075650 polymorphism and Alzheimer disease risk in Chinese population. CONCLUSION We conclude that rs2075650 in TOMM40 gene may increase the risk of Alzheimer disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya He
- Department of Geriatrics Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, 157 Xi'wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Geriatrics Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, 157 Xi'wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Geriatrics Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, 157 Xi'wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhou Li
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehot, 010030, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University, Huhehot, 010030, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhehot, 010030, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University, Huhehot, 010030, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection System, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianbo Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection System, Xi'an, 710069, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Songsheng Chen
- Department of Geriatrics Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, 157 Xi'wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cacabelos R, Torrellas C, Teijido O, Carril JC. Pharmacogenetic considerations in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:1041-74. [PMID: 27291247 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The practical pharmacogenetics of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is circumscribed to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) and memantine. However, pharmacogenetic procedures should be applied to novel strategies in AD therapeutics including: novel AChEIs and neurotransmitter regulators, anti-Aβ treatments, anti-tau treatments, pleiotropic products, epigenetic drugs and combination therapies. Genes involved in the pharmacogenetic network are under the influence of the epigenetic machinery which regulates gene expression transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally, configuring the fundamentals of pharmacoepigenomics. Over 60% of AD patients present concomitant pathologies demanding additional treatments which increase the likelihood of drug-drug interactions. Lipid metabolism dysfunction is a pathogenic mechanism inherent to AD neurodegeneration. The therapeutic response to hypolipidemic compounds is influenced by the APOE and CYP genotypes. The development of novel compounds and the use of combination/multifactorial treatments require the implantation of pharmacogenomic procedures for the avoidance of ADRs and the optimization of therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cacabelos
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain.,EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, Corunna, Spain
| | - Clara Torrellas
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, Corunna, Spain
| | - Oscar Teijido
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, Corunna, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Carril
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, Corunna, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Smith AR, Mill J, Smith RG, Lunnon K. Elucidating novel dysfunctional pathways in Alzheimer's disease by integrating loci identified in genetic and epigenetic studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nepig.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
42
|
Payton A, Sindrewicz P, Pessoa V, Platt H, Horan M, Ollier W, Bubb VJ, Pendleton N, Quinn JP. A TOMM40 poly-T variant modulates gene expression and is associated with vocabulary ability and decline in nonpathologic aging. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 39:217.e1-7. [PMID: 26742953 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The Translocase of Outer Mitochondrial Membrane 40 Homolog and Apolipoprotein E (TOMM40-APOE) locus has been associated with a number of age-related phenotypes in humans including nonpathologic cognitive aging, late-onset Alzheimer's disease, and longevity. Here, we investigate the influence of the TOMM40 intron 6 poly-T variant (rs10524523) on TOMM40 gene expression and cognitive abilities and decline in a cohort of 1613 community-dwelling elderly volunteers who had been followed for changes in cognitive functioning over a period of 14 years (range = 12-18 years). We showed that the shorter length poly-T variants were found to act as a repressor of luciferase gene expression in reporter gene constructs. Expression was reduced to approximately half of that observed for the very long variant. We further observed that the shorter poly-T variant was significantly associated with reduced vocabulary ability and a slower rate of vocabulary decline with age compared to the very long poly-T variants. No significant associations were observed for memory, fluid intelligence or processing speed, although the direction of effect, where the short variant was correlated with reduced ability and slower rate of decline was observed for all tests. Our results indicate that the poly-T variant has the ability to interact with transcription machinery and differentially modulate reporter gene expression and influence vocabulary ability and decline with age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Payton
- Human Communication and Deafness, School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - P Sindrewicz
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - V Pessoa
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - H Platt
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - M Horan
- Centre for Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience, Salford Royal NHS Hospital, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - W Ollier
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - V J Bubb
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - N Pendleton
- Centre for Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience, Salford Royal NHS Hospital, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - J P Quinn
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lyall DM, Muñoz Maniega S, Harris SE, Bastin ME, Murray C, Lutz MW, Saunders AM, Roses AD, Valdés Hernández MDC, Royle NA, Starr JM, Porteous DJ, Deary IJ, Wardlaw JM. APOE/TOMM40 genetic loci, white matter hyperintensities, and cerebral microbleeds. Int J Stroke 2015; 10:1297-300. [PMID: 26310205 PMCID: PMC4950052 DOI: 10.1111/ijs.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Two markers of cerebral small vessel disease are white matter hyperintensities and cerebral microbleeds, which commonly occur in people with Alzheimer's disease. Aim and/or hypothesis To test for independent associations between two Alzheimer's disease‐susceptibility gene loci – APOE ε and the TOMM40 ‘523’ poly‐T repeat – and white matter hyperintensities/cerebral microbleed burden in community‐dwelling older adults. Methods Participants in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 underwent genotyping for APOE ε and TOMM40 523, and detailed structural brain magnetic resonance imaging at a mean age of 72·70 years (standard deviation = 0·7; range = 71–74). Results No significant effects of APOE ε or TOMM40 523 genotypes on white matter hyperintensities or cerebral microbleed burden were found amongst 624 participants. Conclusions Lack of association between two Alzheimer's disease susceptibility gene loci and markers of cerebral small vessel disease may reflect the relative health of this population compared with those in other studies in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald M Lyall
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Brain Research Imaging Centre, Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine and MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susana Muñoz Maniega
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Brain Research Imaging Centre, Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine and MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Brain Research Imaging Centre, Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Catherine Murray
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael W Lutz
- Joseph & Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ann M Saunders
- Joseph & Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Allen D Roses
- Joseph & Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Durham, NC, USA
| | - Maria del C Valdés Hernández
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Brain Research Imaging Centre, Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Natalie A Royle
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Brain Research Imaging Centre, Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine and MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Brain Research Imaging Centre, Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
The effect of TOMM40 on spatial navigation in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:2024-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
45
|
Cacabelos R, Torrellas C, Carrera I. Opportunities in pharmacogenomics for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.15.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In Alzheimer's disease (AD), approximately 10–20% of direct costs are associated with pharmacological treatment. Pharmacogenomics account for 30–90% variability in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Genes potentially involved in the pharmacogenomics outcome include pathogenic, mechanistic, metabolic, transporter and pleiotropic genes. Over 75% of the Caucasian population is defective for the CYP2D6+2C9+2C19 cluster. Polymorphic variants in the APOE-TOMM40 region influence AD pharmacogenomics. APOE-4 carriers are the worst responders and APOE-3 carriers are the best responders to conventional treatments. TOMM40 poly T-S/S carriers are the best responders, VL/VL and S/VL carriers are intermediate responders and L/L carriers are the worst responders. The haplotype 4/4-L/L is probably responsible for early onset of the disease, a faster cognitive decline and a poor response to different treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cacabelos
- Camilo José Cela University, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692-Madrid, Spain
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science & Genomic Medicine, Corunna, Spain
| | - Clara Torrellas
- Camilo José Cela University, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692-Madrid, Spain
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science & Genomic Medicine, Corunna, Spain
| | - Iván Carrera
- Camilo José Cela University, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692-Madrid, Spain
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science & Genomic Medicine, Corunna, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Helisalmi S, Hall A, Meriläinen EH, Väisänen V, Koivisto AM, Herukka SK, Laitinen M, Soininen H, Hiltunen M. The effect of TOMM40 poly-T repeat lengths on age of onset and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Finnish Alzheimer's disease patients. NEURODEGENER DIS 2014; 14:204-8. [PMID: 25500937 DOI: 10.1159/000367994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly-T repeat lengths of rs10524523 in TOMM40 together with APOE polymorphism have been reported to affect the risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) and the age of onset (AOO). OBJECTIVE To explore whether the AOO and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers Aβ42, total tau and phosphorylated tau are associated with different repeat lengths. METHODS We conducted both the fragment and sequencing analysis of rs10524523 in 336 LOAD patients with a known APOE genotype. RESULTS AOO and Aβ42 levels associated significantly with certain poly-T repeat lengths of rs10524523 in LOAD patients encompassing APOE 34/44 genotype. CONCLUSION We conclude that the poly-T repeat associations of rs10524523 in TOMM40 reflect the APOE ε4-dependent association in LOAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seppo Helisalmi
- Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wang KS, Tonarelli S, Luo X, Wang L, Su B, Zuo L, Mao C, Rubin L, Briones D, Xu C. Polymorphisms within ASTN2 gene are associated with age at onset of Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2014; 122:701-8. [PMID: 25410587 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-014-1306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurological condition associated with genetic profiles that are still not completely understood. We performed a family-based low-density genome-wide association analysis of age at onset (AAO) in AD (244 patients and their relatives) using Illumina 6 K single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) panel and the FBAT-logrank statistic. We observed 10 SNPs associated with AAO in AD with p < 2 × 10(-3). The most significant hit within a known gene, the neuronal protein astrotactin 2 (ASTN2), was SNP rs1334071 (p = 8.74 × 10(-4)). ASTN2 has been implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders, including cognitive disorders, autism and schizophrenia. We then conducted a replication study focusing on ASTN2 gene in a Canadian sample of 791 AD patients and 782 controls using the logrank test. Five ASTN2 SNPs (highest association is rs16933774 with p = 0.0053) showed associations with AAO in this Canadian sample (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of SNP rs16933774 showed that the AAO of AD in individuals heterozygous for AG genotype of rs16933774 (median of AAO = 68.5 years) was approximately 4.5 years earlier than those individuals having the AA genotype (median of AAO = 73 years). In conclusion, a significant association of ASTN2 genetic variants with AAO of AD in two independent samples demonstrates a role for ASTN2 in the pathogenesis of AD. Future functional studies of this gene may help to characterize the genetic architecture of the AAO of AD. Genetic factors in AAO may be a critical factor for early AD intervention and prevention efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Sheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lyall DM, Harris SE, Bastin ME, Muñoz Maniega S, Murray C, Lutz MW, Saunders AM, Roses AD, Valdés Hernández MDC, Royle NA, Starr JM, Porteous DJ, Wardlaw JM, Deary IJ. Are APOE ɛ genotype and TOMM40 poly-T repeat length associations with cognitive ageing mediated by brain white matter tract integrity? Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e449. [PMID: 25247594 PMCID: PMC4203017 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms in the APOE ɛ and TOMM40 '523' poly-T repeat gene loci have been associated with significantly increased risk of Alzheimer's disease. This study investigated the independent effects of these polymorphisms on human cognitive ageing, and the extent to which nominally significant associations with cognitive ageing were mediated by previously reported genetic associations with brain white matter tract integrity in this sample. Most participants in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 completed a reasoning-type intelligence test at age 11 years, and detailed cognitive/physical assessments and structural diffusion tensor brain magnetic resonance imaging at a mean age of 72.70 years (s.d.=0.74). Participants were genotyped for APOE ɛ2/ɛ3/ɛ4 status and TOMM40 523 poly-T repeat length. Data were available from 758-814 subjects for cognitive analysis, and 522-543 for mediation analysis with brain imaging data. APOE genotype was significantly associated with performance on several different tests of cognitive ability, including general factors of intelligence, information processing speed and memory (raw P-values all<0.05), independently of childhood IQ and vascular disease history. Formal tests of mediation showed that several significant APOE-cognitive ageing associations--particularly those related to tests of information processing speed--were partially mediated by white matter tract integrity. TOMM40 523 genotype was not associated with cognitive ageing. A range of brain phenotypes are likely to form the anatomical basis for significant associations between APOE genotype and cognitive ageing, including white matter tract microstructural integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D M Lyall
- 1] Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (CCACE), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK [2] Brain Research Imaging Centre, Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK [3] Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK [4] Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine and MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S E Harris
- 1] Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (CCACE), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK [2] Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine and MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M E Bastin
- 1] Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (CCACE), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK [2] Brain Research Imaging Centre, Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK [3] Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Muñoz Maniega
- 1] Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (CCACE), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK [2] Brain Research Imaging Centre, Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK [3] Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Murray
- 1] Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (CCACE), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK [2] Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M W Lutz
- Joseph & Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A M Saunders
- Joseph & Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A D Roses
- 1] Joseph & Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA [2] Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Durham, NC, USA
| | - M del C Valdés Hernández
- 1] Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (CCACE), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK [2] Brain Research Imaging Centre, Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK [3] Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - N A Royle
- 1] Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (CCACE), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK [2] Brain Research Imaging Centre, Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK [3] Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J M Starr
- 1] Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (CCACE), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK [2] Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D J Porteous
- 1] Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (CCACE), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK [2] Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine and MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J M Wardlaw
- 1] Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (CCACE), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK [2] Brain Research Imaging Centre, Division of Neuroimaging Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK [3] Department of Neuroimaging Sciences, Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence (SINAPSE) Collaboration, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - I J Deary
- 1] Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (CCACE), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK [2] Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
The TOMM40 poly-T rs10524523 variant is associated with cognitive performance among non-demented elderly with type 2 diabetes. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 24:1492-9. [PMID: 25044051 PMCID: PMC5753419 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The variable length poly-T, rs10524523 ('523') located within the TOMM40 gene, was recently associated with several phenotypes of cognitive function. The short (S) allele is associated with later AD onset age and better cognitive performance, compared to the longer alleles (long and very-long (VL)). There is strong linkage disequilibrium between variants in the TOMM40 and APOE genes. In this study, we investigated the effect of '523' on cognitive performance in a sample of cognitively normal Jewish elderly with type 2 diabetes, a group at particularly high risk for cognitive impairment. Using a MANCOVA procedure, we compared homozygous carriers of the S/S allele (N=179) to carriers of the VL/VL allele (N=152), controlling for demographic and cardiovascular covariates. The S/S group performed better than the VL/VL group (p=0.048), specifically in the executive function (p=0.04) and episodic memory (p=0.050) domains. These results suggest that previous findings of an association of the TOMM40 short allele with better cognitive performance, independently from the APOE variant status, are pertinent to elderly with diabetes.
Collapse
|
50
|
Linnertz C, Anderson L, Gottschalk W, Crenshaw D, Lutz MW, Allen J, Saith S, Mihovilovic M, Burke JR, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Roses AD, Chiba-Falek O. The cis-regulatory effect of an Alzheimer's disease-associated poly-T locus on expression of TOMM40 and apolipoprotein E genes. Alzheimers Dement 2014; 10:541-51. [PMID: 24439168 PMCID: PMC4098029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.08.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the genomic region spanning the Translocase of the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane 40-kD (TOMM40) and Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genes, that has been associated with the risk and age of onset of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) to determine whether a highly polymorphic, intronic poly-T within this region (rs10524523; hereafter, 523) affects expression of the APOE and TOMM40 genes. Alleles of this locus are classified as S, short; L, long; and VL, very long based on the number of T residues. METHODS We evaluated differences in APOE messenger RNA (mRNA) and TOMM40 mRNA levels as a function of the 523 genotype in two brain regions from APOE ε3/ε3 white autopsy-confirmed LOAD cases and normal controls. We further investigated the effect of the 523 locus in its native genomic context using a luciferase expression system. RESULTS The expression of both genes was significantly increased with disease. Mean expression of APOE and TOMM40 mRNA levels were higher in VL homozygotes compared with S homozygotes in the temporal and occipital cortexes from normal and LOAD cases. Results of a luciferase reporter system were consistent with the human brain mRNA analysis; the 523 VL poly-T resulted in significantly higher expression than the S poly-T. Although the effect of poly-T length on reporter expression was the same in HepG2 hepatoma and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, the magnitude of the effect was greater in the neuroblastoma than in the hepatoma cells, which implies tissue-specific modulation of the 523 poly-T. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the 523 locus may contribute to LOAD susceptibility by modulating the expression of TOMM40 and/or APOE transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colton Linnertz
- Division of Neurology at the Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lauren Anderson
- Division of Neurology at the Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William Gottschalk
- Division of Neurology at the Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Neurology, Joseph and Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Donna Crenshaw
- Division of Neurology at the Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Neurology, Joseph and Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael W Lutz
- Division of Neurology at the Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Neurology, Joseph and Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jawara Allen
- Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sunita Saith
- Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mirta Mihovilovic
- Division of Neurology at the Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James R Burke
- Division of Neurology at the Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Neurology, Joseph and Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kathleen A Welsh-Bohmer
- Division of Neurology, Joseph and Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Allen D Roses
- Division of Neurology at the Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Neurology, Joseph and Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ornit Chiba-Falek
- Division of Neurology at the Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Division of Neurology, Joseph and Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|