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Afvari S, Zaino M, Kontzias C, Moumen M, Namak S, Feldman SR. Wait times and health care utilization among refugee patients in dermatology: A retrospective chart review. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 90:834-835. [PMID: 38043593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Afvari
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
| | - Mallory Zaino
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Christina Kontzias
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Mohammed Moumen
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Shahla Namak
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Steven R Feldman
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Department of Social Sciences & Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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2
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Gulyani P, Rawat P, Elmi Y, Gupta S, Wan CS. Barriers and facilitators of lifestyle management among adult South Asian migrants living with chronic diseases: A mixed-methods systematic review. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:102944. [PMID: 38281447 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.102944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM South Asian migrants have a higher prevalence of chronic diseases than Caucasians. Despite much literature that has explored challenges in chronic disease management amongst the South Asian population in the past decades, their chronic disease management is still suboptimal. Understanding their determinants of disease management behaviour using the Theoretical Domains Framework will inform the development of a culturally sensitive intervention relevant to consumer-end-users. This study aimed to synthesise qualitative and quantitative studies on chronic disease management among adult South Asian immigrants. METHODS A mixed-methods systematic review was conducted using electronic databases. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool assessed the quality of the included studies. Quantitative data were transformed into qualitative data and analysed thematically. Subthemes were mapped in the Theoretical Domains Framework presenting barriers and facilitators under each theme. RESULTS 18293 studies were identified, of which 37 studies were included. The barriers and facilitators identified were categorised into four overarching themes: patient-provider interaction and relationship (e.g., complex language use by health professionals), the impact of migration (e.g., weather conditions had an impact on engagement with physical activity), heritage-based practices (e.g., an obligation to consume energy-dense food in social gatherings), and chronic disease management strategies (e.g., lack understanding of appropriate disease management strategies). CONCLUSION This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the complexity of chronic disease management among South Asian migrants and insights into developing multifaceted interventions to address barriers to chronic disease management, guiding the healthcare professionals in helping overcome South Asians perceived barriers to managing chronic disease in the host countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purva Gulyani
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia; Diet Yumm, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | - Yusra Elmi
- Diet Yumm, Craigieburn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sabrina Gupta
- Department of Public Health, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Ching Shan Wan
- Nursing Research Institute, St Vincent's Health Network Sydney, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne & Australian Catholic University, Australia; National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Wiser Wound Care, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Australia
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3
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Rada I, Cabieses B. Challenges for the prevention of hypertension among international migrants in Latin America: prioritizing the health of migrants in healthcare systems. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1125090. [PMID: 38274523 PMCID: PMC10809178 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1125090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the health priorities of international migrants, non-communicable diseases such as hypertension are of major interest due to their increasing prevalence, mainly in low- and middle-income countries. Previous evidence has reported a significant risk of hypertension in international migrants derived from multiple exposures during the migration process and at the destination, such as living conditions, health literacy and access to preventive services. Also, poorer disease control has been found compared to the local population. Considering existing deficiencies in access and use of healthcare services related to hypertension prevention and continuity of care of migrants globally, we aimed to offer a Latin American perspective of the challenges faced by international migrants residing in Latin America in accessing hypertension preventive care from a human rights, equity, and universal primary healthcare approaches. From a health systems perspective, we conducted a scoping review of scientific literature on hypertension prevention and control among international migrants in Latin America and the Caribbean. Based on the findings, we discuss the potential influence of migration and health policies on healthcare systems and individual and structural barriers to healthcare access, including lack of insurance, linguistic barriers, limited intercultural competence, and geographical and financial barriers. From existing evidence related to hypertension, we highlight the particular healthcare needs of migrants and their implications for regional public health goals. This aligns with promoting culturally tailored interventions considering the migration process, lifestyle patterns, structural vulnerabilities, and gender particularities in hypertension prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. We advocate for developing universal, voluntary, and systemic regional screening and disease control initiatives in Latin America for hypertension and other chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Rada
- Centro de Salud Global Intercultural (CeSGI), Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina (ICIM), Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Baltica Cabieses
- Centro de Salud Global Intercultural (CeSGI), Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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4
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Boateng EB, Ampofo AG. A glimpse into the future: modelling global prevalence of hypertension. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1906. [PMID: 37789258 PMCID: PMC10546636 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16662-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Insights and foresights on trends of hypertension prevalence are crucial to informing health policymaking. We examined and projected the patterns of hypertension prevalence among sexes. METHODS Using annual hypertension prevalence (18 + years) data sourced from WHO Global Health Observatory data repository from 1975 to 2015, Prophet models were developed to forecast the 2040 prevalence of hypertension in males, females, and both sexes. We used k-means clustering and self-organising maps to determine the clusters of hypertension prevalence concerning both sexes among 176 countries. RESULTS Worldwide, Croatia is estimated to have the highest prevalence of hypertension in males by 2040, while that of females is in Niger. Among the world's most populated countries, Pakistan and India are likely to increase by 7.7% and 4.0% respectively in both sexes. South-East Asia is projected to experience the largest hypertension prevalence in males, whereas Africa is estimated to have the highest prevalence of hypertension in females. Low-income countries are projected to have the highest prevalence of hypertension in both sexes. By 2040, the prevalence of hypertension worldwide is expected to be higher in the male population than in female. Globally, the prevalence of hypertension is projected to decrease from 22.1% in 2015 to 20.3% (20.2 - 20.4%) in 2040. We also identified three patterns of hypertension prevalence in 2040, cluster one countries are estimated to have the highest prevalence of hypertension in males (29.6%, 22.2 - 41.1%) and females (29.6%, 19.4 - 38.7%). CONCLUSION These findings emphasise the need for new and effective approaches toward the prevention and control of hypertension in Africa, South-East Asia, and Low-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel B Boateng
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Ama G Ampofo
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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Kadariya B, Neupane S, Wakeling AJ, Polam NR, Wilson ML. Prevalence of Diabetes in Nepali-Speaking Bhutanese Americans Living in the Greater Harrisburg Area. Cureus 2023; 15:e39698. [PMID: 37398725 PMCID: PMC10308876 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the Nepali-speaking Bhutanese refugee community had resettled in the United States beginning in 2008 after previously being settled in United Nations (UN) refugee camps in Nepal. Due to the recency of their resettlement, there has been little research regarding diabetes in the Nepali-speaking Bhutanese American community. This study sought to identify the prevalence of diabetes in Nepali-speaking Bhutanese Americans living in the Greater Harrisburg Area and whether this community was at a higher risk of developing diabetes due to changes in diet and physical activity lifestyle behaviors. This study was conducted using an anonymous online survey. Anyone over the age of 18 and a self-identified member of the Nepali-speaking Bhutanese American community living in the Greater Harrisburg Area was included, regardless of their diabetes status. This study excluded individuals under the age of 18, those found outside the limits of the targeted region, and those who do not self-identify as members of the Nepali-speaking Bhutanese American community. Through this survey, data regarding demographics (age and gender), length of stay in the US, diabetes status (present or absent), consumption of rice (increased or decreased post-resettlement), and physical activity status (increased or decreased post-resettlement) were collected. The current prevalence of diabetes in this population was compared against the one reported by the CDC before migration and against the prevalence of diabetes in the general population of the United States of America (USA). The association between rice consumption, physical activity, and diabetes was analyzed using the odds ratio. The survey yielded responses from 81 participants. Results showed a 2.29 times higher prevalence of diabetes in the Bhutanese-speaking Nepali population of the Greater Harrisburg Area, Pennsylvania, compared to the general population of the USA. Results indicated a 37 times higher prevalence of diabetes after resettlement in the USA compared to the population's self-reported prevalence before the resettlement. The data showed that increased rice consumption or decreased physical activity alone did not significantly increase the risk of developing diabetes. However, the combination of decreased physical activity and increased rice consumption significantly increased the risk of diabetes, with an odds ratio of 5.94 (CI: 1.27 to 27.56, p-value: 0.01). The higher prevalence of diabetes in this community justifies diabetes education around causes, symptoms, treatments, and preventative healthcare methods. Greater awareness of the issue among the members of this community, as well as their healthcare providers, paves the way for future studies to identify all possible risk factors for diabetes in this community. Once risk factors are identified, early interventions and screening tools can be implemented to mitigate the onset of disease in this population in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishal Kadariya
- Medical School, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, USA
| | - Sulabh Neupane
- Medical School, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, USA
| | - Andrew J Wakeling
- Medical School, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, USA
| | - Nishta R Polam
- Medical School, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, USA
| | - Meghan L Wilson
- Faculty for Nutrition, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, USA
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6
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Rost M, De Clercq E, Arnold L, Rakic M. Interventions to enhance cross-cultural competence in oncology: A meta-analysis of effectiveness studies and a qualitative review. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2023; 64:102277. [PMID: 36944274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2023.102277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cross-cultural competence of healthcare providers is crucial to create a culturally safe environment. Cancer poses special challenges to cross-culturally competent communication and decision-making. Yet, no research synthesis on cross-cultural competence interventions has focused specifically on oncology. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis and qualitative review of literature on the effectiveness of cross-cultural competence interventions in oncology. No limitations were placed on publication date, language, oncology setting, or geographic region. Of 1.565 citations identified, 15 articles met the inclusion criteria. Information on study design, samples, measured outcomes, and effectiveness statistics were coded. Average weighted effects were calculated applying meta-analysis methodology. RESULTS Studies were published between 2000 and 2020; more than half in the last seven years; two thirds in the USA. Overall study quality was at a low to moderate level, notably only one study provided a control-group-design. In sum, nurses constituted the largest occupational group among participants. Results of the meta-analysis indicate that cross-cultural competence interventions have differential effects. While the overall effect of cross-cultural competence interventions was not statistically significant, results showed that the cross-cultural competence dimensions of knowledge and behavior did improve. Effects beyond that remain unclear. CONCLUSIONS We provide valuable information on research gaps. The lack of studies and insufficient methodological rigor of available studies show that more research is needed to support the claim that interventions actually improve the various dimensions of cross-cultural competence in oncology. To build a stronger evidence base, it is necessary to include patient-reported outcomes and to center their experiences in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rost
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, 4056, Switzerland.
| | - Eva De Clercq
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, 4056, Switzerland
| | - Louisa Arnold
- Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Milenko Rakic
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, 4056, Switzerland
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7
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Rosenthal T, Touyz RM, Oparil S. Migrating Populations and Health: Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022; 24:325-340. [PMID: 35704140 PMCID: PMC9198623 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-022-01194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize results of recent studies of migrants in Europe and North America and ongoing efforts to adapt strategies to provide them with inclusive sensitive health care. RECENT FINDINGS Major predisposing factors for developing hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome in migrating populations and refugees were identified. Susceptibility to the metabolic syndrome is predominantly due to environmental factors and psychological stress. Acculturation also contributes to the emergence of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in first-generation adult immigrants. Increased risk for later development of hypertension and dyslipidemia has also been detected in adolescent immigrants. Targets for public health efforts were based on data that show important differences in CV risk factors and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among ethnic immigrant groups. Studies in young adults focused on lifestyle and dietary behaviors and perceptions about weight and body image, while the focus for older adults was end-of-life issues. Two important themes have emerged: barriers to health care, with a focus on cultural and language barriers, and violence and its impact on immigrants' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talma Rosenthal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Suzanne Oparil
- Vascular Biology & Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0007, USA.
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8
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Hypertension determinants among Ghanaians differ according to location of residence. J Hypertens 2022; 40:1010-1018. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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How Urban Life Exposure Shapes Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs): An Analysis of Older Rural-to-Urban Migrants in China. POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11113-021-09656-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Kumar GS, Beeler JA, Seagle EE, Jentes ES. Long-Term Physical Health Outcomes of Resettled Refugee Populations in the United States: A Scoping Review. J Immigr Minor Health 2021; 23:813-823. [PMID: 33515162 PMCID: PMC8233239 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-021-01146-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Several studies describe the health of recently resettled refugee populations in the US beyond the first 8 months after arrival. This review summarizes the results of these studies. Scientific articles from five databases published from January 2008 to March 2019 were reviewed. Articles were included if study subjects included any of the top five US resettlement populations during 2008-2018 and if data described long-term physical health outcomes beyond the first 8 months after arrival in the US. Thirty-three studies met the inclusion criteria (1.5%). Refugee adults had higher odds of having a chronic disease compared with non-refugee immigrant adults, and an increased risk for diabetes compared with US-born controls. The most commonly reported chronic diseases among Iraqi, Somali, and Bhutanese refugee adults included diabetes and hypertension. Clinicians should consider screening and evaluating for chronic conditions in the early resettlement period. Further evaluations can build a more comprehensive, long-term health profile of resettled refugees to inform public health practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri S Kumar
- Immigrant, Refugee, and Migrant Health Branch, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA.
| | - Jenna A Beeler
- Immigrant, Refugee, and Migrant Health Branch, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Emma E Seagle
- Immigrant, Refugee, and Migrant Health Branch, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Emily S Jentes
- Immigrant, Refugee, and Migrant Health Branch, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
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11
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Eriksson M, Carlberg B, Pennlert J, Söderberg S, Eliasson M. Time trends and socioeconomic differences in blood pressure levels: The Northern Sweden MONICA study 1994–2014. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020; 24:1473-1481. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487317722263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
People with low socioeconomic status have higher blood pressure (BP), increasing their risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. We hypothesized that the gap in systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP, according to educational level, has decreased over time but, that economical vulnerability would confer higher BP.
Methods
A total of 4564 women and 4363 men aged 25–74 years participated in five population-based surveys in the Northern Sweden MONICA study between 1994 and 2014 (participation rate 76.8–62.5%).
Results
SBP decreased by 10 mmHg in women and 4 mmHg in men, while DBP was unchanged. Treatment with antihypertensives increased in all but the youngest men. The prevalence of BP control in the population (<140/90 mmHg) increased and in 2014 reached 75% among women and 70% among men. The decrease in SBP was more pronounced in people without university education than in people with university education and DBP showed the same pattern, regardless of education.
After adjustment for confounding factors, age, male sex, higher body mass index, and being born in a Nordic country were related to higher SBP and DBP. University education was related to lower SBP, while variables mirroring economic vulnerability were not associated with BP levels.
Conclusions
BP levels as well as the socioeconomic gap in BP has decreased in Sweden but people with a lower level of education still have higher SBP. Lacking economic resources is not associated with high BP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bo Carlberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Johanna Pennlert
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Stefan Söderberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Mats Eliasson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Sunderby Research Unit, Umeå University, Sweden
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Rabiee Khan F, Alzeidan R, Tharkar S, Ullah A, Hersi AS. Food and Migration: Dietary Acculturation among Migrants to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. J Prim Care Community Health 2020; 11:2150132720949771. [PMID: 32783583 PMCID: PMC7425243 DOI: 10.1177/2150132720949771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has a large migrant workforce particularly from North Africa, other Gulf states and South Asia. Migration influences food behavior; however, the change is not often health conducive. This study aimed to investigate the dietary acculturation among 880 migrants and their families in a large University in the Kingdoms’ capital city, Riyadh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Rabiee Khan
- Professor in Public Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Education & life Sciences, Birmingham City University (BCU), Birmingham, UK
| | - Rasmieh Alzeidan
- Clinical researcher, Department of Cardiac Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud University, and King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shabana Tharkar
- Prince Sattam Chair Epidemiology and Public Health Research, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anhar Ullah
- Biostatistician, Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Fahad Cardiac Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University
| | - Ahmed S Hersi
- Professor and Director of Cardiac Sciences Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Arasteh K. Self-reported Hazardous Drinking, Hypertension, and Antihypertensive Treatment Among Hispanic Immigrants in the US National Health Interview Survey, 2016-2018. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2020; 8:638-647. [PMID: 32691328 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-020-00823-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Compared to the US-born population, Hispanic immigrants are reported to have lower age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension. However, country of origin, race/ethnicity, and risk behaviors associated with acculturation, including hazardous drinking, can affect the prevalence of hypertension. Additionally, health disparities across immigration/nativity status may be associated with suboptimal antihypertensive treatment and control of hypertension. In the present study, population-based data from the years 2016 to 2018 of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were analyzed to assess the association of nativity status and hazardous drinking with hypertension among US-born and foreign-born Hispanic populations. Age-adjusted prevalence of past-year hypertension among foreign-born Hispanics was lower than US-born Hispanics. However, the proportion of Hispanic immigrants who had their blood pressure checked by a healthcare professional was also smaller than US-born Hispanics, suggesting that the prevalence of hypertension among Hispanic immigrants may be underreported. Hazardous drinking was associated with decreased odds of antihypertensive treatment among the Hispanic immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Arasteh
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University, 665 Broadway, Suite 800, New York, NY, 10012, USA.
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14
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Perceived Discrimination, Psychological Distress and Cardiovascular Risk in Migrants in Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124601. [PMID: 32604844 PMCID: PMC7345483 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of discrimination and psychological distress on the cardiovascular health of immigrants, as well as to analyse potential differences based on age, gender, length of residence in host country and geographic origin. The sample was formed by 1714 immigrants from Africa, Eastern Europe and Latin America. Of the sample, 48.7% were men and 51.3% were women. Most relevant results show that discrimination (t = 4.27; p = 0.000) and psychological distress (t = 4.35; p = 0.000) experienced by immigrants predict their cardiovascular risk. Furthermore, psychological distress mediates the relation between discrimination and risk (t = 4.03; p = 0.000). Significant differences between men and women were found, as well as differences based on ethnicity, although to a lesser extent. Age affects the relation between discrimination, psychological distress and arterial hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Results are notably relevant for the design of preventive health programmes for immigrants and intervention strategies in order to prevent diseases that may imply cardiovascular risks and seriously affect immigrants' health.
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15
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Denli Yalvac ES. Cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors among Syrian refugees in Turkey. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2020; 68:137-144. [PMID: 32139199 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2019.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information on the world distribution of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in refugees/migrants is not available at the same rate for all countries or for different ethnic and socioeconomic groups. Today, Syria's humanitarian catastrophe has become a public health concern, which cannot be ignored. METHODS A search was conducted across PubMed and Google Scholar for papers on cardiovascular diseases among refugees/migrants worldwide with a focus on Syrian in Turkey. RESULTS The total number of papers identified through the database searches and from reference lists was 486. Of these, 62 were found to be relevant after further screening. A further 42 papers were considered not eligible after full-text, language and data assessments, resulting in a final 20 papers included in the qualitative analysis. These studies discussed several major themes: cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors among refugees/migrants, the effects of changing living conditions on refugees/migrants, the effects of psychological and socioeconomic factors, and the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in refugees/migrants. The risk of cardiovascular disease varied by country of origin, country of destination, and duration of residence. The findings suggest that cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors are increased for Syrian refugees in Turkey. CONCLUSION Raising awareness, prevention, early detection, and good management as well as monitoring and reporting of risk factors are the key components to controlling cardiovascular diseases in refugees. Further studies and greater acquisition of survey data are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Denli Yalvac
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Göztepe Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Kadiköy, Istanbul, Turkey.
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16
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Myopia and Childhood Migration: A Study of 607 862 Adolescents. Ophthalmology 2020; 127:713-723. [PMID: 32005562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Immigration studies can shed light on myopia development and reveal high-risk populations. To this end, we investigated the association among immigration, age at immigration, and myopia occurrence during adolescence. DESIGN Population-based, retrospective, cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS Six hundred seven thousand eight hundred sixty-two adolescents, Israeli born and immigrants, with origins in the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), Ethiopia, or Israel, assessed for medical fitness for mandatory military service at 17 years of age between 1993 and 2016. METHODS Myopia and high myopia were defined based on right eye refractive data. Age at immigration was categorized into 0 to 5 years of age, 6 to 11 years of age, and 12 to 19 years of age. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were created. Myopia odds ratios (ORs) were calculated according to immigration status, with Israeli-born natives as controls. Next, myopia ORs were calculated according to age at immigration, with Israeli-born of same origin as controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Myopia prevalence and ORs. RESULTS Myopia was less prevalent among immigrants than Israeli-born controls. When stratified according to age at immigration, a decrease in myopia prevalence and ORs with increasing age at migration were observed, most prominent in immigrants arriving after 11 years of age, who also showed lower high-myopia ORs. The immigrants from the USSR and Ethiopia arriving after 11 years of age showed a myopia OR of 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63-0.67; P < 10-205) and 0.52 (95% CI, 0.46-0.58; P < 10-27) compared with the Israeli-born controls. Notably, Ethiopians arriving earlier than 5 years of age showed a 2-fold higher myopia OR than those migrating after 11 years of age. CONCLUSIONS Immigrants arriving after 11 years of age showed markedly lower ORs for myopia and high myopia relative to Israeli-born controls or those arriving during early childhood, likely because of environmental and lifestyle changes. Differences between immigrants arriving up to 5 years of age and those arriving between 6 and 11 years of age were relatively smaller, suggesting exposures at elementary school age play a greater role in this population.
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17
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Occupational and environmental influences on hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2020; 34:202-206. [PMID: 31965013 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-020-0302-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In this review I try to summarize concisely available information on common effectors on blood pressure, occupational, and environmental ones, which are sometimes overlooked, so that clinicians involved in caring for patients with hypertension may have somewhat better vision of what our patients are exposed to.
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18
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Hamiel U, Pinhas-Hamiel O, Vivante A, Bendor C, Bardugo A, Afek A, Beer Z, Derazne E, Tzur D, Behar D, Itzhak A, Skorecki K, Tirosh A, Grossman E, Twig G. Impact of Immigration on Body Mass Index and Blood Pressure Among Adolescent Males and Females: A Nationwide Study. Hypertension 2019; 74:1316-1323. [PMID: 31630574 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Immigration from one cultural milieu to another has been associated with a greater risk for incident cardio-metabolic morbidity among adults. In this nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional study of data recorded from 1992 to 2016, we assessed the association between body mass index and blood pressure levels among adolescent immigrants, aged 16 to 19 years, of Ethiopian origin, and their secular trend of overweight and obesity. Adolescents of Ethiopian origin were classified as Israeli-born (n=16 153) or immigrants (N=23 487), with stratification by age at immigration. Adolescents whose fathers were at least 3 generations in Israel (n=277 789) served as a comparative group. Hypertensive-range blood pressure values adjusted for age, sex, and height served as outcome. Among adolescents of Ethiopian origin, overweight and obesity (body mass index ≥85th percentile), increased by 2.5 and 4-fold in males and females, respectively, during the study period, compared with a 1.5-fold increase among native Israeli-born males and females. The odds for hypertensive-range measurements increased with the length of residence in Israel: 7.3%, 10.6%, and 14.4% among males who immigrated at ages 12 to 19, 6 to 11.9, and 0 to 5.9 years, respectively; and 11.5%, 16.7%, and 19.3%, respectively, among females. Israeli-born Ethiopians had a significantly higher risk for hypertensive-range measurements at any body mass index level compared with native Israeli-born examinees, after adjusting for sociodemographic factors and health status. In conclusion, among Ethiopian Israeli adolescents, abnormal blood pressure correlates directly with the time-lapse since immigration. Immigrant populations require targeted surveillance and appropriate intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Hamiel
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel (U.H.).,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel (U.H., O.P.-H., A.V., A.A., E.D., A.T., E.G., G.T.)
| | - Orit Pinhas-Hamiel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel (U.H., O.P.-H., A.V., A.A., E.D., A.T., E.G., G.T.).,Pediatric Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital (O.P.-H.), Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Asaf Vivante
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel (U.H., O.P.-H., A.V., A.A., E.D., A.T., E.G., G.T.).,Department of Pediatrics B and Pediatric Nephrology Unit (A.V.), Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Cole Bendor
- Surgeon General Headquarters, Israel Defense Forces, Ramat Gan, Israel (C.B., A.B., Z.B., D.T., A.I., G.T.).,Department of Military Medicine, Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel (C.B., A.B., Z.B., G.T.)
| | - Aya Bardugo
- Surgeon General Headquarters, Israel Defense Forces, Ramat Gan, Israel (C.B., A.B., Z.B., D.T., A.I., G.T.).,Department of Military Medicine, Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel (C.B., A.B., Z.B., G.T.)
| | - Arnon Afek
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel (U.H., O.P.-H., A.V., A.A., E.D., A.T., E.G., G.T.).,Central Management (A.A., E.G.), Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Zivan Beer
- Surgeon General Headquarters, Israel Defense Forces, Ramat Gan, Israel (C.B., A.B., Z.B., D.T., A.I., G.T.).,Department of Military Medicine, Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel (C.B., A.B., Z.B., G.T.)
| | - Estela Derazne
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel (U.H., O.P.-H., A.V., A.A., E.D., A.T., E.G., G.T.)
| | - Dorit Tzur
- Surgeon General Headquarters, Israel Defense Forces, Ramat Gan, Israel (C.B., A.B., Z.B., D.T., A.I., G.T.)
| | | | - Avi Itzhak
- Surgeon General Headquarters, Israel Defense Forces, Ramat Gan, Israel (C.B., A.B., Z.B., D.T., A.I., G.T.)
| | - Karl Skorecki
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University (K.S.)
| | - Amir Tirosh
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel (U.H., O.P.-H., A.V., A.A., E.D., A.T., E.G., G.T.).,Institute of Endocrinology (A.T.), Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ehud Grossman
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel (U.H., O.P.-H., A.V., A.A., E.D., A.T., E.G., G.T.).,Central Management (A.A., E.G.), Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Gilad Twig
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel (U.H., O.P.-H., A.V., A.A., E.D., A.T., E.G., G.T.).,Department of Medicine and the Dr. Pinchas Bornstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program (G.T.), Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Surgeon General Headquarters, Israel Defense Forces, Ramat Gan, Israel (C.B., A.B., Z.B., D.T., A.I., G.T.).,Department of Military Medicine, Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel (C.B., A.B., Z.B., G.T.)
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Abstract
Emancipatory insights about health as constituted by demographic identity codifiers remain hidden using current interview methods and analytic techniques. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how the Identity, Research, and Health Dialogic Open-Ended (I-ReH-DO) Interview was used across 3 separate research topics to enhance emancipatory knowledge development. Three featured research topics focus on health issues relevant to populations worldwide, including asthma management, hypertension management, and preconception care. The use of the I-ReH-DO Interview across multiple studies supports the power of participants to define identity and its health significance, contextualizes research analysis, and advances emancipatory understandings.
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20
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Barrera L, Gómez F, Ortega-Lenis D, Corchuelo Ojeda J, Méndez F. Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of high blood pressure in the elderly according to the ethnic group. Colombian survey. Colomb Med (Cali) 2019; 50:115-127. [PMID: 31607768 PMCID: PMC6774579 DOI: 10.25100/cm.v50i2.4124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: High blood pressure (HBP) is the main cardiovascular risk factor, it is more prevalent in the older adult population, and the prevalence can vary between ethnic groups. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of HBP, knowledge, treatment and control in population aged ≥60 years, resident in Colombia, according to their ethnic condition. Methods: Population sample selected by multistage sampling. Ethnicity was defined based on skin color. HBP was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140, and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, and/or the participants’ self-report. Controlled HBP at a blood pressure value <140/90, knowledge and treatment were identified by self-report. Results: 23,694 adults aged ≥ 60 years were included, of which 54.5%, 34.5% and 10.9% were respectively identified as having light, medium or dark skin color; 54.5% were women, and 78.1% resided in urban areas. The standardized prevalence of HBP, by age, was 57.7% (95% CI: 55.2 - 60.2); 51.4% (95% CI: 47.3-55. 5), in men; and 62.9% (60.9-64.9), in women. The standardized prevalence for light, medium and dark skin in men was 53.2% (95% CI: 48.7-57.7), 49.6% (44.5-54.7), and 49.4% (95% CI: 41.0-57.8) respectively; and in women was 62.5% (95% CI: 60.5-64 , 5), 61.7% (95% CI: 57.8-65.6), and 69.9% (95% CI: 63.6-76.2) respectively. 98% of the population received treatment, and 93.9% were aware of HBP diagnosis. 42.5% of men and 55.5% of women with HBP were under control. Only 21.8% performed regular physical activity. Conclusion: Half of the adult population aged over 60 years suffers from HBP; the prevalence is higher in women particularly in dark-skinned women. It is necessary to develop policies to increase physical activity in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Barrera
- Universidad del Valle, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Medicina.Cali, Colombia.,Universidad del Valle, Facultad de Salud Escuela de Salud Pública, Cali, Colombia
| | - Fernando Gómez
- Universidad de Caldas, Facultad de Ciencias para la Salud, Cali, Colombia
| | - Delia Ortega-Lenis
- Universidad del Valle, Escuela de Salud Pública, Grupo epidemiología y salud poblacional (GESP), Cali, Colombia.,Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Departamento de Salud Pública y Epidemiología, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Fabián Méndez
- Universidad del Valle, Escuela de Salud Pública, Grupo epidemiología y salud poblacional (GESP), Cali, Colombia
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21
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Peled A, Gordon B, Twig G, Grossman E, Matani D, Derazne E, Afek A. Hypertension and childhood migration: a nationwide study of 2.7 million adolescents. J Hypertens 2019; 37:702-709. [PMID: 30817450 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Immigration studies can shed light on hypertension development and reveal high-risk populations. To this end, we investigated the association between age at immigration and hypertension occurrence at adolescence among immigrants to Israel. METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional data on 2 681 294 adolescents assessed for mandatory military service at approximately 17 years of age between 1967 and 2016. The study population constituted of 410 488 immigrants with origins in Ethiopia, Middle East and North Africa, Former USSR and Western Countries. Age at immigration was categorized into 0-5, 6-11 and 12-19 years. Odds ratios (ORs) for hypertension were calculated according to age at immigration with Israel-born participants as controls. Models were made to account for possible confounders. Additionally, the study population was stratified by country of origin and each immigrant group referenced to Israel-born participants of the same origin. RESULTS In the fully-adjusted model, immigrants arriving until age 11 years had comparable ORs for hypertension to the Israeli-born reference group, whereas recent immigrants, arriving at age 12-19 years had a marked lower OR of 0.30 (95% CI 0.27-0.33; P < 0.001). The lower hypertension odds among recent immigrants persisted in all models and when the study sample was stratified by sex and origin, with all but those of Western origin showing a graded decrease with increasing age at migration categories. CONCLUSION Immigrants arriving earlier in childhood lose their protection against hypertension at adolescence relative to the Israeli-born, likely because of lifestyle acculturation. Prevention programs are needed, beginning upon arrival and placing emphasis on nutritional and physical activity habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Peled
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University
| | - Barak Gordon
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University
- Medical Corps, Israeli Defense Forces
| | - Gilad Twig
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University
- Medical Corps, Israeli Defense Forces
- Department of Medicine
- Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center
| | - Ehud Grossman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University
- Department of Internal Medicine D and Hypertension Unit, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center
| | | | - Estela Derazne
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University
- Medical Corps, Israeli Defense Forces
| | - Arnon Afek
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University
- Central Management, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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22
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Corlin L, Ball S, Woodin M, Patton AP, Lane K, Durant JL, Brugge D. Relationship of Time-Activity-Adjusted Particle Number Concentration with Blood Pressure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15092036. [PMID: 30231494 PMCID: PMC6165221 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15092036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests long-term exposure to ultrafine particulate matter (UFP, aerodynamic diameter < 0.1 µm) is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. We investigated whether annual average UFP exposure was associated with measured systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), and hypertension prevalence among 409 adults participating in the cross-sectional Community Assessment of Freeway Exposure and Health (CAFEH) study. We used measurements of particle number concentration (PNC, a proxy for UFP) obtained from mobile monitoring campaigns in three near-highway and three urban background areas in and near Boston, Massachusetts to develop PNC regression models (20-m spatial and hourly temporal resolution). Individual modeled estimates were adjusted for time spent in different micro-environments (time-activity-adjusted PNC, TAA-PNC). Mean TAA-PNC was 22,000 particles/cm3 (sd = 6500). In linear models (logistic for hypertension) adjusted for the minimally sufficient set of covariates indicated by a directed acyclic graph (DAG), we found positive, non-significant associations between natural log-transformed TAA-PNC and SBP (β = 5.23, 95%CI: −0.68, 11.14 mmHg), PP (β = 4.27, 95%CI: −0.79, 9.32 mmHg), and hypertension (OR = 1.81, 95%CI: 0.94, 3.48), but not DBP (β = 0.96, 95%CI: −2.08, 4.00 mmHg). Associations were stronger among non-Hispanic white participants and among diabetics in analyses stratified by race/ethnicity and, separately, by health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Corlin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 801 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 470, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Shannon Ball
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Mark Woodin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Allison P Patton
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
- Health Effects Institute, 75 Federal Street, Suite 1400, Boston, MA 02110, USA.
| | - Kevin Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - John L Durant
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - Doug Brugge
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
- Tufts University Jonathan M. Tisch College of Civic Life, 35 Professors Row, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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23
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Shin CN, Keller C, Sim J, Im EO, Belyea M, Ainsworth B. Interventions for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction in Korean Americans: A Systematic Review. Clin Nurs Res 2018; 29:84-96. [PMID: 30081656 DOI: 10.1177/1054773818793602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review was to identify and synthesize literature that described the cultural appropriateness and effectiveness of interventions aimed at cardiovascular risk reduction in Korean Americans. We searched multiple electronic databases for studies published between January 2000 and August 2017 and identified 14 eligible research reports. All reviewed studies targeted first-generation Korean American adults. Most of the reviewed studies incorporated components of surface structure, and leveraged deep structure in those interventions. Significant changes in cardiovascular health outcomes were reported in most of the reviewed studies; however, the role of cultural factors in the outcomes was rarely evaluated, and few reported long-term effects. Future research needs to consider long-term effects. Deploying cultural factors and evaluating their contributions to the target outcomes will enhance the research on cardiovascular health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeongha Sim
- Jeonju University, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
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24
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Acculturation of immigrant diet, basic taste responses and sodium appetite. J Nutr Sci 2018; 7:e21. [PMID: 30083314 PMCID: PMC6066848 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2018.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In young new Ethiopian immigrants (EI, about 0·5 years since immigration; n 20), veteran Ethiopian immigrant students (ES, about 13 years since immigration; n 30) and native Israeli students (NS; n 82), dietary macronutrients and electrolytes, and responses to basic tastes were compared in a cross-sectional design. From EI, to ES, to NS, dietary energy, protein, fat, and Na+ increase, whereas carbohydrates, K+ and Ca2+ do not differ. Corrected for energy intake, only Na+ increases. EI consume less dietary Na+, like foods with less Na+ content, salt their food less, yet show a greater hedonic response to salt taste. In contrast, preference for sweet does not differ. Taste psychophysics, 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) responses and lingual fungiform papillae density differ by group (and sex), but do not relate to dietary intake. Together, these changes could reflect dietary acculturation, increasing overall intake, Na+ in particular, accompanied by decreasing taste sensitivity, and changes in sensory perception and preference in these Ethiopian immigrants. The fact that immigrants find salt more hedonic, yet eat less of it, could suggest increased sensitivity to its taste, and might suggest restoring sensitivity to reduce Na+ intake for all. Similar alterations in taste sensory responses might be obtained in other forms of dietary flux. Understanding dietary acculturation can focus efforts (e.g. on Na+), to anticipate the disease burden of diets of affluence among immigrants. Yet, these immigrants’ nutrition is healthier in its low fat and Na+, suggesting that nutritional advice should focus on preservation, as well as prevention. Our study adds Ethiopian nutritional acculturation to that of the varied immigrant groups around the world.
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25
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Kamimura A, Sin K, Pye M, Meng HW. Cardiovascular Disease-related Health Beliefs and Lifestyle Issues Among Karen Refugees Resettled in the United States From the Thai-Myanmar (Burma) Border. J Prev Med Public Health 2018; 50:386-392. [PMID: 29207451 PMCID: PMC5717330 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.17.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Refugees resettled in the US may be at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, little is known about CVD-related issues among Karen refugees who have migrated to the US from the Thai-Myanmar border. The purpose of this study was to examine CVD-related health beliefs and lifestyle issues among Karen refugees resettled in the US. Methods Karen refugees resettled in the US from the Thai-Myanmar border (n=195) participated in a survey study on health beliefs related to CVD, salt intake, physical activity (PA), and smoking in the fall of 2016. Results A high-salt diet, physical inactivity, and smoking were major lifestyle problems. Participants who adhered to a low-salt diet considered themselves to be susceptible to CVD. Most participants did not engage in regular PA. Regular PA was associated with less perceived susceptibility to CVD and greater perceived benefits of a healthy lifestyle for decreasing the likelihood of CVD. Conclusions Each refugee population may require individualized strategies to promote PA and a healthy diet. Future studies should develop health education programs that are specifically designed for Karen refugees and evaluate such programs. In addition to health education programs on healthy lifestyle choices, tobacco cessation programs seem to be necessary for Karen refugees. At the same time, it is important to foster strategies to increase the utilization of preventive care among this population by promoting free or reduced-fee resources in the community to further promote their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kamimura
- Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kai Sin
- Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mu Pye
- Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hsien-Wen Meng
- Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Abstract
Among migrants who arrived in the USA and Europe, communicable diseases such as dermatologic, gastrointestinal, and respiratory infections are frequent; non-communicable diseases including chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes, and vaccine-preventable diseases are also prevalent. Refugees are often not up to date on routine immunizations and screenings for chronic diseases and cancer. In addition, many immigrants have trauma-related mental health problems, which are often not addressed by the healthcare systems where they reside. Determining the healthcare needs of specific immigration groups should lead to the establishment of evidence-based guidelines for providing screening and healthcare services to immigrant populations, for the benefit of the individuals concerned, as well as the host countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talma Rosenthal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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27
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Oparil S, Acelajado MC, Bakris GL, Berlowitz DR, Cífková R, Dominiczak AF, Grassi G, Jordan J, Poulter NR, Rodgers A, Whelton PK. Hypertension. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2018; 4:18014. [PMID: 29565029 PMCID: PMC6477925 DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2018.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 536] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Systemic arterial hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor for all-cause morbidity and mortality worldwide and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Fewer than half of those with hypertension are aware of their condition, and many others are aware but not treated or inadequately treated, although successful treatment of hypertension reduces the global burden of disease and mortality. The aetiology of hypertension involves the complex interplay of environmental and pathophysiological factors that affect multiple systems, as well as genetic predisposition. The evaluation of patients with hypertension includes accurate standardized blood pressure (BP) measurement, assessment of the patients' predicted risk of atherosclerotic CVD and evidence of target-organ damage, and detection of secondary causes of hypertension and presence of comorbidities (such as CVD and kidney disease). Lifestyle changes, including dietary modifications and increased physical activity, are effective in lowering BP and preventing hypertension and its CVD sequelae. Pharmacological therapy is very effective in lowering BP and in preventing CVD outcomes in most patients; first-line antihypertensive medications include angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, dihydropyridine calcium-channel blockers and thiazide diuretics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Oparil
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0007, USA
| | | | | | - Dan R Berlowitz
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, Bedford Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, MA, USA
- Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Renata Cífková
- Center for Cardiovascular Prevention, Charles University in Prague, First Faculty of Medicine and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna F Dominiczak
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Guido Grassi
- Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy
| | - Jens Jordan
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Neil R Poulter
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony Rodgers
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul K Whelton
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Oladele CR, Pathak EB, Yang J, Nembhard WN, Sharma S, Himmelgreen D, Dagne G, Mason T. Acculturation and dietary intake pattern among Jamaican immigrants in the US. Prev Med Rep 2018; 9:80-85. [PMID: 29348996 PMCID: PMC5767562 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Information on dietary intakes of Jamaican immigrants in the United States is sparse. Understanding factors that influence diet is important since diet is associated with chronic diseases. This study examined the association between acculturation, socio-cultural factors, and dietary pattern among Jamaican immigrants in Florida. Jamaican persons 25–64 years who resided in two South Florida counties were recruited for participation. A health questionnaire that assessed acculturation, dietary pattern, and risk factors for cardiovascular disease was administered to participants. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to determine associations. Acculturation score was not significantly associated with dietary intake pattern (β = − 0.02 p = 0.07). Age at migration was positively associated with traditional dietary pattern (β = 0.02 p < 0.01). Persons with 12 or fewer years of education (β = − 0.55 p < 0.001), divorced (β = − 0.26 p = 0.001), or engaged in less physical activity (β = − 0.07 p = 0.01) were more likely to adhere to a traditional diet. Although acculturation was not a statistically significant predictor of dietary intake, findings show the role of demographic and lifestyle characteristics in understanding factors associated with dietary patterns among Jamaicans. Findings point to the need to measure traditional dietary intakes among Jamaicans and other immigrant groups. Accurate assessment of disease risk among immigrant groups will lead to more accurate diet-disease risk assessment and development of effective intervention programs. Age at migration was associated with traditional diet among Jamaican immigrants. Persons with lower educational attainment were more likely to eat traditional foods. Residing in an ethnic enclave was not associated with having a traditional diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol R Oladele
- Equity Research and Innovation Center, Yale School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208093, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Elizabeth B Pathak
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jimin Yang
- University of South Florida, Health Informatics Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Wendy N Nembhard
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatrics and Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Sangita Sharma
- University of Alberta, Department of Medicine, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David Himmelgreen
- University of South Florida, Department of Anthropology, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Getachew Dagne
- University of South Florida, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Thomas Mason
- University of South Florida, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Tampa, FL, United States
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Roth GA, Johnson C, Abajobir A, Abd-Allah F, Abera SF, Abyu G, Ahmed M, Aksut B, Alam T, Alam K, Alla F, Alvis-Guzman N, Amrock S, Ansari H, Ärnlöv J, Asayesh H, Atey TM, Avila-Burgos L, Awasthi A, Banerjee A, Barac A, Bärnighausen T, Barregard L, Bedi N, Belay Ketema E, Bennett D, Berhe G, Bhutta Z, Bitew S, Carapetis J, Carrero JJ, Malta DC, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Castillo-Rivas J, Catalá-López F, Choi JY, Christensen H, Cirillo M, Cooper L, Criqui M, Cundiff D, Damasceno A, Dandona L, Dandona R, Davletov K, Dharmaratne S, Dorairaj P, Dubey M, Ehrenkranz R, El Sayed Zaki M, Faraon EJA, Esteghamati A, Farid T, Farvid M, Feigin V, Ding EL, Fowkes G, Gebrehiwot T, Gillum R, Gold A, Gona P, Gupta R, Habtewold TD, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hailu T, Hailu GB, Hankey G, Hassen HY, Abate KH, Havmoeller R, Hay SI, Horino M, Hotez PJ, Jacobsen K, James S, Javanbakht M, Jeemon P, John D, Jonas J, Kalkonde Y, Karimkhani C, Kasaeian A, Khader Y, Khan A, Khang YH, Khera S, Khoja AT, Khubchandani J, Kim D, Kolte D, Kosen S, Krohn KJ, Kumar GA, Kwan GF, Lal DK, Larsson A, Linn S, Lopez A, Lotufo PA, El Razek HMA, Malekzadeh R, Mazidi M, Meier T, Meles KG, Mensah G, Meretoja A, Mezgebe H, Miller T, Mirrakhimov E, Mohammed S, Moran AE, Musa KI, Narula J, Neal B, Ngalesoni F, Nguyen G, Obermeyer CM, Owolabi M, Patton G, Pedro J, Qato D, Qorbani M, Rahimi K, Rai RK, Rawaf S, Ribeiro A, Safiri S, Salomon JA, Santos I, Santric Milicevic M, Sartorius B, Schutte A, Sepanlou S, Shaikh MA, Shin MJ, Shishehbor M, Shore H, Silva DAS, Sobngwi E, Stranges S, Swaminathan S, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tadele Atnafu N, Tesfay F, Thakur JS, Thrift A, Topor-Madry R, Truelsen T, Tyrovolas S, Ukwaja KN, Uthman O, Vasankari T, Vlassov V, Vollset SE, Wakayo T, Watkins D, Weintraub R, Werdecker A, Westerman R, Wiysonge CS, Wolfe C, Workicho A, Xu G, Yano Y, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Younis M, Yu C, Vos T, Naghavi M, Murray C. Global, Regional, and National Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases for 10 Causes, 1990 to 2015. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70:1-25. [PMID: 28527533 PMCID: PMC5491406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2365] [Impact Index Per Article: 337.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background The burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains unclear in many regions of the world. Objectives The GBD (Global Burden of Disease) 2015 study integrated data on disease incidence, prevalence, and mortality to produce consistent, up-to-date estimates for cardiovascular burden. Methods CVD mortality was estimated from vital registration and verbal autopsy data. CVD prevalence was estimated using modeling software and data from health surveys, prospective cohorts, health system administrative data, and registries. Years lived with disability (YLD) were estimated by multiplying prevalence by disability weights. Years of life lost (YLL) were estimated by multiplying age-specific CVD deaths by a reference life expectancy. A sociodemographic index (SDI) was created for each location based on income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. Results In 2015, there were an estimated 422.7 million cases of CVD (95% uncertainty interval: 415.53 to 427.87 million cases) and 17.92 million CVD deaths (95% uncertainty interval: 17.59 to 18.28 million CVD deaths). Declines in the age-standardized CVD death rate occurred between 1990 and 2015 in all high-income and some middle-income countries. Ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of CVD health lost globally, as well as in each world region, followed by stroke. As SDI increased beyond 0.25, the highest CVD mortality shifted from women to men. CVD mortality decreased sharply for both sexes in countries with an SDI >0.75. Conclusions CVDs remain a major cause of health loss for all regions of the world. Sociodemographic change over the past 25 years has been associated with dramatic declines in CVD in regions with very high SDI, but only a gradual decrease or no change in most regions. Future updates of the GBD study can be used to guide policymakers who are focused on reducing the overall burden of noncommunicable disease and achieving specific global health targets for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gebre Abyu
- Mekelle University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Tahiya Alam
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Khurshid Alam
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ashish Awasthi
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Neeraj Bedi
- College of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jonathan Carapetis
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Ferrán Catalá-López
- University of València/INCLIVA Health Research Institute and CIBERSAM, València, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lalit Dandona
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakhi Dandona
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Kairat Davletov
- Republican Institute of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | | | | | - Manisha Dubey
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Talha Farid
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | | | - Valery Feigin
- Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Gerry Fowkes
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Audra Gold
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Philimon Gona
- University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- Eternal Heart Care Center and Research Institute, Jaipur, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Graeme Hankey
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Simon I Hay
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Masako Horino
- Nevada Division of Public and Behavioral Health, Carson City, Nevada
| | | | | | - Spencer James
- Denver Health/University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
| | | | | | - Denny John
- International Center for Research on Women, New Delhi, India
| | - Jost Jonas
- Ruprecht-Karls Universitaet Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yogeshwar Kalkonde
- Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health, Gadchiroli, India
| | | | | | - Yousef Khader
- Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Abdur Khan
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | | | - Sahil Khera
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Abdullah T Khoja
- Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Daniel Kim
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Soewarta Kosen
- Health Policy and Humanities, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - G Anil Kumar
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Gene F Kwan
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Alan Lopez
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Toni Meier
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | | | | | - Atte Meretoja
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Ted Miller
- Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Beltsville, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruce Neal
- The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frida Ngalesoni
- Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | | | - Mayowa Owolabi
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - George Patton
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Dima Qato
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | | | | | - Antônio Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Saeid Safiri
- Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J S Thakur
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tommi Vasankari
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vasiliy Vlassov
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ronny Westerman
- Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Gelin Xu
- Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Paul Yip
- University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | | - Theo Vos
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Abstract
This paper reviews how migration, both geographical and social, impacts on variation in some human biological traits. Migration and mobility are considered in relation to anthropometric traits and indices, psychometric traits, health, disease and nutrition, temperature regulation and metabolism, mental health and gene flow. It is well known that migration is important in disease transmission but, as this paper demonstrates, migration can have both positive and negative impacts on both donor and recipient populations for a wide range of human traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G N Mascie-Taylor
- a Department of Archaeology and Anthropology , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - M Krzyżanowska
- b Department of Human Biology , University of Wroclaw , Wroclaw , Poland
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Modesti PA, Calabrese M, Malandrino D, Colella A, Galanti G, Zhao D. New findings on type 2 diabetes in first-generation Chinese migrants settled in Italy: Chinese in Prato (CHIP) cross-sectional survey. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2017; 33. [PMID: 27336676 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese people are one of the fastest growing immigrant populations in Europe, and their health has become a key issue to host nations. Although type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a big burden among migrant populations, data on Chinese immigrants in Europe are limited. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was performed in 2014, adopting principles of community-based participatory research to investigate T2DM, diagnosed by the American Diabetes Association fasting criteria, in Chinese first-generation migrants aged 16 to 59 years settled in Prato (Italy). Association with different factors was investigated using logistic regression. RESULTS Of the 1608 participants, 177 had T2DM (11.0%), 119 being newly diagnosed (7.4%). Among subjects with diabetes, 58 (32.8%) were aware of the disease; among subjects with diabetes aware of their condition, 46 (79%) were treated with glucose lowering drugs. Age-standardized (World Health Organization 2001 population) prevalence of T2DM was 9.6% (95% CI 9.1 to 10.2%), being 12.0% (95% CI 11.0 to 12.9%) in men, and 7.8% (95% CI 7.1 to 8.4%) in women. At adjusted logistic regression, diabetes was associated with hypertension, current smoking, adiposity indices (waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, and body mass index), and high triglycerides. T2DM, adiposity indices, and high triglycerides were not associated with duration of stay in Italy. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of T2DM among first-generation Chinese immigrants in Europe stresses the need for specific health programs for T2DM early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. There is an urgent need for policies to support this group because current policies will produce major social and economic costs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro A Modesti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Calabrese
- Diabetology Unit, Ospedale Misericordia e Dolce, Prato, Italy
| | - Danilo Malandrino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Colella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giorgio Galanti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Medical University Beijing Anzhen Hospital, National Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Disease, Beijing, China
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Miller TL, Jacobson DL, Somarriba G, Neri D, Kurtz-Vraney J, Graham P, Gillman MW, Landy DC, Siminski S, Butler L, Rich KC, Hendricks K, Ludwig DA. A multicenter study of diet quality on birth weight and gestational age in infants of HIV-infected women. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2016; 13. [PMID: 27863014 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We determined factors associated with diet quality and assessed the relationship between diet quality, birth weight, and gestational age in a prospective national multicenter cohort study. We evaluated diet quality with the Healthy Eating Index (HEI, scale 0-100) in the third trimester of pregnancy with three 24-hr multiple-pass dietary recalls in 266 HIV+ women enrolled in the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study. Covariates included demographics, food security, pre-pregnancy body mass index, HIV disease severity, substance use, and antiretroviral exposures. A two-stage multivariate process using classification and regression trees (CART) followed by multiple regression described HEI tendencies, controlled possible confounding effects, and examined the association of HEI with birth weight and gestational age. To assess the stability of the CART solution, both the HEI 2005 and 2010 were evaluated. The mean HEI scores were 56.1 and 47.5 for the 2005 and 2010 HEI, respectively. The first-stage CART analysis examined the relationship between HEI and covariates. Non-US born versus US-born mothers had higher HEI scores (15-point difference, R2 = 0.28). There was a secondary partition due to alcohol/cigarette/illicit drug usage (3.5-point difference, R2 = 0.03) among US-born women. For the second-stage CART adjusted multiple regression, birth weight z-score was positively related to HEI 2005 and 2010 (partial r's > 0.13, P's ≤ 0.0398), but not gestational age (r = 0.00). We conclude that diet quality among HIV+ women is associated with higher birth weight. Despite the influence of a large cultural effect and poor prenatal behaviors, interventions to improve diet in HIV+ women may help to increase birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracie L Miller
- Division of Pediatric Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Denise L Jacobson
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gabriel Somarriba
- Division of Pediatric Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Daniela Neri
- Division of Pediatric Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Joy Kurtz-Vraney
- Division of Pediatric Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Patricia Graham
- Division of Pediatric Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew W Gillman
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David C Landy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Suzanne Siminski
- Amherst Office, Frontier Science Technology Research Foundation INC, New York, USA
| | - Laurie Butler
- Amherst Office, Frontier Science Technology Research Foundation INC, New York, USA
| | - Kenneth C Rich
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kristy Hendricks
- Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - David A Ludwig
- Division of Pediatric Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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Differences Between New Immigrants From the Former Soviet Union and Veteran Residents in Knowledge, Perception, and Risk Factors of Stroke. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2016; 31:500-506. [PMID: 26132280 DOI: 10.1097/jcn.0000000000000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is the fourth most common cause of death in developed countries and a leading cause of acquired disability in adults. Awareness of risk factors and warning signs for stroke has a considerable impact on early arrival at the hospital and early thrombolytic treatment. Delays in seeking medical treatment following the onset of stroke symptoms have been shown to be more common among ethnic minorities. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to examine stroke awareness and knowledge among new immigrants from the Former Soviet Union (IFSUs) compared with veteran residents (VRs). METHODS The study was conducted by students of the nursing master of arts program. Data were collected during March 2010 and June 2014. Trained registered nurses conducted interviews, using a structured, pretested, open-ended questionnaire. Participants were recruited by a snowball method from among the interviewers' friends and family members, 40 years or older with no history of stroke. RESULTS A total of 643 Israelis, 420 VRs (65.3%) and 223 IFSUs (34.7%), were interviewed; 40.7% were men, with a mean age of 52.6 (SD, 9.3) years. Compared with VRs, IFSUs were more likely to report previous myocardial infarction (P = .022), hypertension (P < .001), and diabetes (P = .012). The mean number of stroke warning signs reported by IFSUs was higher than that reported by VRs (P = .031). When asked about risk factors for stroke, IFSUs more often stated hypertension (P = .03), whereas VRs more often reported family history (P = .03). Immigrants from the Former Soviet Union were more aware of strategies for the prevention of stroke than VRs (P = .02). The preferred sources of information about stroke for IFSUs, as distinguished from VRs, were personal doctors (P = .001) and radio programs (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS Veteran residents showed lower levels of knowledge about stroke. Educational campaigns aimed at increasing knowledge of stroke among Israel's general population in Israel, as well as culturally targeting specific subgroups, are recommended.
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Reynolds MM, Chernenko A, Read JG. Region of origin diversity in immigrant health: Moving beyond the Mexican case. Soc Sci Med 2016; 166:102-109. [PMID: 27544464 PMCID: PMC5725952 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests that Mexican immigrants arrive in the United States with equivalent or better health than native-born whites but lose their advantage over time. We seek to examine systematically how well the patterns of initial advantage and deteriorating health apply to immigrants originating from other regions of the world - regions that represent a growing proportion of U.S. immigrants. We begin by identifying which of the groups in our study have a health advantage compared to U.S.-born whites and to Mexican immigrants. We then we assess changes in health over time, controlling for variation in the health profiles of cohorts upon arrival. We use logistic regression of self-rated health and heart conditions with data from the 2004-2013 National Health Interview Survey. The results reveal diversity and similarity in health outcomes across world regions of origin, both on arrival and over time. By comparing and contrasting cases previously examined in isolation, we clarify and qualify theories of the immigrant health paradox and health deterioration.
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Schnall PL, Dobson M, Landsbergis P. Globalization, Work, and Cardiovascular Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES 2016; 46:656-92. [DOI: 10.1177/0020731416664687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), a global epidemic, is responsible for about 30% of all deaths worldwide. While mortality rates from CVD have been mostly declining in the advanced industrialized nations, CVD risk factors, including hypertension, obesity, and diabetes, have been on the increase everywhere. Researchers investigating the social causes of CVD have produced a robust body of evidence documenting the relationships between the work environment and CVD, including through the mechanisms of psychosocial work stressors. We review the empirical evidence linking work, psychosocial stressors, and CVD. These work stressors can produce chronic biologic arousal and promote unhealthy behaviors and thus, increased CVD risk. We offer a theoretical model that illustrates how economic globalization influences the labor market and work organization in high-income countries, which, in turn, exacerbates job characteristics, such as demands, low job control, effort-reward imbalance, job insecurity, and long work hours. There is also a growing interest in “upstream” factors among work stress researchers, including precarious employment, downsizing/restructuring, privatization, and lean production. We conclude with suggestions for future epidemiologic research on the role of work in the development of CVD, as well as policy recommendations for prevention of work-related CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L. Schnall
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California, Irvine, 100 Theory Way, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Marnie Dobson
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California, Irvine, 100 Theory Way, Irvine, California, USA
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Lazreg S, Delcourt C, Zeggane S, Sanchez A, Ziani A, Daghbouche M, Benmoussa S, Mokrani K, Billah Mekki M, Renault D, Battaglia Parodi M, Bandello F, Nouri MT. Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Its Risk Factors in North Africans Living in Algeria and Italy. Ophthalmic Res 2016; 56:145-54. [PMID: 27410056 DOI: 10.1159/000446844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the risk factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in Algerians, and compare these data with those on North Africans living in Italy. METHODS All patients over 55 years of age consulting one of the 23 involved Algerian ophthalmologists were invited to participate, and 1,183 patients were included. Data collection was standardized based on the Simplified Théa Risk Assessment Scale (STARS) questionnaire. A similar study was conducted in North Africans living in Italy (n = 1,011). Patients with only soft drusen and/or pigmentary abnormalities were classified as early AMD, and patients with geographic atrophy and/or neovascular AMD were classified as late AMD. RESULTS In the final multivariate model, risk for early and/or late AMD was significantly increased with older age, family history of AMD, Black ethnicity, atherosclerosis, beer consumption, high fruit consumption, cataract surgery, myopia, and hyperopia. High consumption of green vegetables was associated with lower risk for both early and late AMD. In comparison with North Africans from Italy, Algerians generally had a healthier profile (younger, less obesity, smoking, and cardiovascular diseases, and higher consumption of fruits and vegetables) and a lower risk for AMD. CONCLUSION This study documents risk factors for AMD in North-African populations for the first time.
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Modesti PA, Calabrese M, Perruolo E, Bussotti A, Malandrino D, Bamoshmoosh M, Biggeri A, Zhao D. Sleep History and Hypertension Burden in First-Generation Chinese Migrants Settled in Italy: The CHIinese In Prato Cross-Sectional Survey. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3229. [PMID: 27057856 PMCID: PMC4998772 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Migration flows from China are largely directed towards the South of Europe, Chinese being now the third largest overseas-born population in Italy. The aim of the study was to investigate hypertension burden and self-reported sleep disorders among 1608 first-generation Chinese migrants aged 16 to 59 years settled in Prato and recruited in a cross-sectional survey. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥ 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mm Hg or self-reported antihypertensive treatment; potential impact of sleep disorders was analyzed by logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, marital status, education, health insurance, current smoking, parental hypertension, alcohol drinking, overweight or obesity, central obesity, diabetes, high total cholesterol, and high triglycerides. Among the 1608 participants, 21.7% were hypertensive (age-standardized prevalence 19.2%; 95% Cl: 18.5-20.0); 54% of hypertensive subjects were aware of their condition; 70% of aware hypertensive subjects received drugs, and 39% of treated subjects had blood pressure controlled. Self-reported snoring increased the risk of hypertension; when compared with no snoring, the age- and sex-adjusted OR for hypertension of snoring 3 to 6 d/week was 2.11 (95% Cl: 1.48-3.01) and 2.48 (95% Cl: 1.79-3.46) of snoring every day. When compared with a sleep duration ≤ 5 hours, subjects with sleep duration of 7 hours had reduced risk of high triglycerides (adjusted OR: 0.66; 95% Cl: 0.43-0.95).Despite a high level of awareness, low treatment rates for hypertension were observed among Chinese participants, independently of health insurance. Sleep history is to be considered in screening and prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro A Modesti
- From the Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (PAM, EP, ABus, DM, MB), University of Florence; Diabetology Unit, Ospedale Misericordia e Dolce, Prato (MC); Department of Statistics (ABig), University of Florence and ISPO Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Florence, Italy; and Department of Epidemiology (DZ), Capital Medical University Beijing Anzhen Hospital, National Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Disease, Beijing, China
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Gong Z, Zhao D. Cardiovascular diseases and risk factors among Chinese immigrants. Intern Emerg Med 2016; 11:307-18. [PMID: 26350421 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-015-1305-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and major CVD risk factors, including diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity and smoking among Chinese immigrants by a systematic review of studies from various countries. PubMed and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched for studies of the prevalence of major CVDs and risk factors, and of CVD mortality among Chinese immigrants. The search identified 386 papers, 16 of which met the inclusion criteria for this review. In mainland China, there is a pattern of high stroke prevalence but low coronary heart disease (CHD) prevalence. Among Chinese immigrants, there is a much lower prevalence and mortality of stroke, but a higher prevalence and mortality of CHD, even though these are lower than the rates in immigrants of other ethnicities in the host country. The prevalence of CVD risk factors is also markedly different in immigrants. Compared with mainland Chinese, Chinese immigrants have a higher prevalence of diabetes and hypertension, higher serum cholesterol, poorer dietary patterns, and higher prevalence of obesity and smoking. Thus, the epidemiological pattern of CVD among Chinese immigrants changes compared with resident mainland Chinese. The less healthy environmental factor after immigration may be a major trigger in the adverse CVD status of Chinese immigrants. It is important for policy-makers to pay more attention to specific minority immigrant groups, and to implement more effective preventive measures to improve the health of immigrant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Gong
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 2 An Zhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 2 An Zhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Arrey AE, Bilsen J, Lacor P, Deschepper R. "It's my secret": fear of disclosure among sub-Saharan African migrant women living with HIV/AIDS in Belgium. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119653. [PMID: 25781906 PMCID: PMC4362755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with HIV not only have to deal with the challenges of living with an incurable disease but also with the dilemma of whether or not to disclose their status to their partners, families and friends. This study explores the extent to which sub-Saharan African (SSA) migrant women in Belgium disclose their HIV positive status, reasons for disclosure/non-disclosure and how they deal with HIV disclosure. A qualitative study consisting of interviews with twenty-eight SSA women with HIV/AIDS was conducted. Thematic content analysis was employed to identify themes as they emerged. Our study reveals that these women usually only disclose their status to healthcare professionals because of the treatment and care they need. This selective disclosure is mainly due to the taboo of HIV disease in SSA culture. Stigma, notably self-stigma, greatly impedes HIV disclosure. Techniques to systematically incorporate HIV disclosure into post-test counseling and primary care services are highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Ebotabe Arrey
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Johan Bilsen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Lacor
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases-AIDS Reference Center, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Reginald Deschepper
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Cois A, Ehrlich R. Analysing the socioeconomic determinants of hypertension in South Africa: a structural equation modelling approach. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:414. [PMID: 24885860 PMCID: PMC4021547 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological research has long observed a varying prevalence of hypertension across socioeconomic strata. However, patterns of association and underlying causal mechanisms are poorly understood in sub-Saharan Africa. Using education and income as indicators, we investigated the extent to which socioeconomic status is linked to blood pressure in the first wave of the National Income Dynamics Study--a South African longitudinal study of more than 15,000 adults--and whether bio-behavioural risk factors mediate the association. METHODS In a cross-sectional analysis, structural equation modelling was employed to estimate the effect of socioeconomic status on systolic and diastolic blood pressure and to assess the role of a set of bio-behavioural risk factors in explaining the observed relationships. RESULTS After adjustment for age, race and antihypertensive treatment, higher education and income were independently associated with higher diastolic blood pressure in men. In women higher education predicted lower values of both diastolic and systolic blood pressure while higher income predicted lower systolic blood pressure. In both genders, body mass index was a strong mediator of an adverse indirect effect of socioeconomic status on blood pressure. Together with physical exercise, alcohol use, smoking and resting heart rate, body mass index therefore contributed substantially to mediation of the observed relationships in men. By contrast, in women unmeasured factors played a greater role. CONCLUSION In countries undergoing epidemiological transition, effects of socioeconomic status on blood pressure may vary by gender. In women, factors other than those listed above may have substantial role in mediating the association and merit investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annibale Cois
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rodney Ehrlich
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
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